4Front Ventures Corp. - Quarter Report: 2021 September (Form 10-Q)

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

WASHINGTON, DC 20549

FORM 10-Q

(Mark One)

☒	QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended September 30, 2021

☐	TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from _____ to _____

Commission File Number: 000-56075

4Front Ventures Corp.

(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in its Charter)

British Columbia

83-4168417

(State or other jurisdiction of

incorporation or organization)

(I.R.S. Employer

Identification No.)

5060 N. 40th Street

Suite 120

Phoenix, Arizona 85018

(Address of principal executive offices, including zip code)

Registrant’s telephone number, including area code: (602) 633-3067

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class		Trading Symbol(s)		Name of each exchange on which registered
None

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act:

Title of each class

Trading Symbol(s)

Name of each exchange on which registered

Class A Subordinate Voting Shares, no par value

FFNTF

FFNT

OTCQX

CSE

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large, accelerated filer	☐	Accelerated filer	☐
Non-accelerated filer	☒	Smaller reporting company	☒
Emerging growth company	☒

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No ☒

As of November 17, 2021, the registrant had 592,849,796 Class A subordinate voting shares outstanding.

4FRONT VENTURES CORP.

FORM 10-Q

FOR THE QUARTERLY PERIOD ENDED SEPTEMBER 30, 2021

TABLE OF CONTENTS

		Page

PART I.	FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1.	Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited)
	Condensed Consolidated Interim Balance Sheets (unaudited)	1
	Condensed Consolidated Interim Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss (unaudited)	2
	Condensed Consolidated Interim Statements of Changes in Shareholders’ Equity (unaudited)	3
	Condensed Consolidated Interim Statements of Cash Flows (unaudited)	4
	Notes to Consolidated Interim Financial Statements (unaudited)	5
Item 2.	Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	22
Item 3.	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk	30
Item 4.	Controls and Procedures	30

PART II.	OTHER INFORMATION	32

Item 1.	Legal Proceedings	32
Item 1A.	Risk Factors	32
Item 2.	Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds	32
Item 3.	Defaults Upon Senior Securities	32
Item 4.	Mine Safety Disclosures	33
Item 5.	Other Information	33
Item 6.	Exhibits	34
Signatures		35

PART I—FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1. Financial Statements.

4FRONT VENTURES CORP.

Condensed Consolidated Interim Balance Sheets (unaudited)

As of September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020

Amounts expressed in thousands of U.S. dollars except for share and per share data

	September 30, 2021			December 31, 2020
ASSETS
Current assets:
Cash	$	8,477		$	18,932
Accounts receivable		1,152			437
Other receivables		481			1,341
Current portion of lease receivables		3,585			3,450
Inventory		27,006			18,037
Current portion of notes receivable		172			264
Prepaid expenses		2,394			2,275
Total current assets		43,267			44,736
Property and equipment, net		45,580			33,618
Notes receivable and accrued interest		—			91
Lease receivables		6,973			7,595
Intangible assets, net		26,883			28,790
Goodwill		23,155			23,155
Right-of-use assets		62,084			62,466
Deposits		4,170			4,305
TOTAL ASSETS	$	212,112		$	204,756

LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY
LIABILITIES
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable	$	4,716		$	4,722
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities		7,929			6,427
Taxes payable		21,534			11,502
Derivative liability		3,878			5,807
Current portion of convertible notes		2,858			1,652
Current portion of lease liability		1,774			1,909
Current portion of contingent consideration payable		3,316			2,393
Current portion of notes payable and accrued interest		3,959			3,372
Total current liabilities		49,964			37,784
Convertible notes		—			14,722
Notes payable and accrued interest from related party		47,588			45,362
Long term notes payable		1,812			1,907
Long term accounts payable		1,600			1,600
Contingent consideration payable		—			3,103
Deferred tax liability		7,162			6,530
Lease liability		52,407			51,545
TOTAL LIABILITIES		160,533			162,553
SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY
Equity attributable to 4Front Ventures Corp.		273,877			250,583
Additional paid-in capital		50,094			42,116
Deficit		(272,459	)		(250,548	)
Total 4Front Ventures Corp. shareholders' equity		51,512			42,151
Non-controlling interest		67			52
TOTAL SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY		51,579			42,203
TOTAL LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY	$	212,112		$	204,756

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated interim financial statements.

4FRONT VENTURES CORP.

Condensed Consolidated Interim Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss (unaudited)

For the Three and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2021 and 2020

Amounts expressed in thousands of United States dollars except share and per share data

	Three Months Ended September 30,						Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2021			2020			2021			2020
REVENUE
Revenue from sale of goods	$	23,126		$	12,410		$	67,658		$	32,132
Real estate income		2,815			2,883			8,374			8,514
Total revenues		25,941			15,293			76,032			40,646
Cost of goods sold		(10,269	)		(6,061	)		(30,210	)		(18,756	)
Gross profit		15,672			9,232			45,822			21,890
OPERATING EXPENSES
Selling and marketing expenses		5,992			4,125			17,863			16,429
General and administrative expenses		7,170			3,855			17,418			12,036
Equity based compensation		2,603			1,517			7,978			3,792
Depreciation and amortization		831			780			2,466			2,668
Total operating expenses		16,596			10,277			45,725			34,925
Income (loss) from operations		(924	)		(1,045	)		97			(13,035	)
Other income (expense)
Interest income		2			7			13			71
Interest expense		(2,532	)		(4,678	)		(7,894	)		(11,691	)
Amortization of loan discount upon conversion of debt to equity		—			—			(2,915	)		—
Change in fair value of derivative liability		3,345			—			502			—
Loss on lease termination		—			(518	)		(1,210	)		—
Other income		56			8			56			2,727
Total other income (expense)		871			(5,181	)		(11,448	)		(9,411	)
Net loss before income taxes		(53	)		(6,226	)		(11,351	)		(22,446	)
Income tax expense		(4,541	)		(2,504	)		(10,545	)		(5,427	)
Net loss from continuing operations, net of taxes		(4,594	)		(8,730	)		(21,896	)		(27,873	)
Net income from discontinued operations, net of taxes		—			4,761			—			15,473
Net loss		(4,594	)		(3,969	)		(21,896	)		(12,400	)
Net (income) loss attributable to non-controlling interest		5			67			15			41
Net loss attributable to shareholders	$	(4,599	)	$	(4,036	)	$	(21,911	)	$	(12,441	)
Basic and diluted loss per share	$	(0.01	)	$	(0.01	)	$	(0.04	)	$	(0.02	)
Weighted average number of shares outstanding, basic and diluted		592,631,092			503,793,796			590,084,188			517,323,350

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated interim financial statements.

4FRONT VENTURES CORP.

Condensed Consolidated Interim Statements of Changes in Shareholders’ Equity (unaudited)

For the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2021 and 2020

Amounts expressed in thousands of United States dollars except share and per share data

	Share Capital						Additional Paid-In					Total 4Front Ventures Corp. Shareholders’			Non- Controlling			Total
	Shares			Amount			Capital		Deficit			Equity			Interest			Equity
Balance, December 31, 2019		531,522,819		$	252,656		$	25,618	$	(203,497	)	$	74,777		$	(17	)	$	74,760
Conversion option and warrants with notes transferred to equity		—			—			411		—			411			—			411
Shares issued for Pure Ratios earnout		223,145			94			—		—			94			—			94
Share-based compensation		—			—			3,792		—			3,792			—			3,792
Exchange of stock for convertible swap notes		(29,775,670	)		(13,661	)		—		—			(13,661	)		—			(13,661	)
Conversion of notes to equity		—			—			2,887		—			2,887			—			2,887
Shares issued with exercise of warrants and options		3,616,834			1,273								1,273						1,273
Purchase of non-controlling interests in Maryland entities		—			—			—		—			—			254			254
Net loss		—			—			—		(12,441	)		(12,441	)		41			(12,400	)
Balance, September 30, 2020		505,587,128		$	240,362		$	32,708	$	(215,938	)	$	57,132		$	278		$	57,410

	Share Capital					Additional Paid-In					Total 4Front Ventures Corp. Shareholders’			Non- Controlling		Total
	Shares			Amount		Capital		Deficit			Equity			Interest		Equity
Balance, December 31, 2020		538,851,252		$	250,583	$	42,116	$	(250,548	)	$	42,151		$	52	$	42,203
Shares issued for Pure Ratios earnout		473,491			161		—		—			161			—		161
Shares issued for Om of Medicine earnout		535,018			722		—		—			722			—		722
Share-based compensation		—			—		7,978		—			7,978			—		7,978
Conversion of notes to equity		49,042,797			17,719		—		—			17,719			—		17,719
Shares issued with exercise of stock options		2,032,983			1,316		—		—			1,316			—		1,316
Shares issued with exercise of warrants		2,993,227			3,376		—		—			3,376			—		3,376
Return of treasury shares		(8,320	)		—		—		—			—			—		—
Net loss		—			—		—		(21,911	)		(21,911	)		15		(21,896	)
Balance, September 30, 2021		593,920,448		$	273,877	$	50,094	$	(272,459	)	$	51,512		$	67	$	51,579

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated interim financial statements.

4FRONT VENTURES CORP.

Condensed Consolidated Interim Statements of Cash Flows (unaudited)

For the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2021 and 2020

Amounts expressed in thousands of United States dollars except share and per share data

	Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2021			2020
CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES
Net Loss		(21,896	)	$	(12,400	)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used by operating activities
Depreciation and amortization		3,668			7,148
Equity based compensation		7,978			3,792
Change in fair value of derivative liability		(502	)		—
Accretion of lease liability		726			384
Accretion of lease receivable		487			(213	)
Accretion of convertible debenture and interest		4,121			(605	)
Write-off of fixed asset from terminated lease		1,210			—
Accretion of contingent consideration		228			508
Amortization of loan discount		—			321
Loss on investment		—			581
Gain on restructuring note payable		—			(281	)
Deferred taxes		632			—
Accrued interest on notes payable		4,783			4,175
Changes in operating assets and liabilities		2,533			(2,588	)
NET CASH PROVIDED BY (USED IN) CONTINUED OPERATING ACTIVITIES		3,968			822
Net cash provided by discontinued operation activities		—			12,888
NET CASH PROVIDED BY (USED IN) OPERATING ACTIVITIES		3,968			13,710
CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES
Notes receivable repayments		183			518
Issuance of notes receivable, net of repayments		—			(2,096	)
Sale of dispensary and interests in cannabis licenses		1,093			—
Long term deposits		—			3,103
Purchases of property and equipment		(14,021	)		(12,528	)
NET CASH PROVIDED BY (USED IN) CONTINUED INVESTING ACTIVITIES		(12,745	)		(11,003	)
Net cash used in discontinued investing activities		—			(14	)
NET CASH PROVIDED BY (USED IN) INVESTING ACTIVITIES		(12,745	)		(11,017	)
CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES
Payment of contingent consideration		(1,204	)		(750	)
Issuance of notes payable		—			1,276
Issuance of convertible notes		—			10,937
Proceeds from the exercise of warrants		1,664			—
Proceeds from the exercise of stock options		1,315			—
Repayment of convertible debt		—			(13,798	)
Repayment of notes payable		(3,453	)		—
NET CASH PROVIDED BY (USED IN) FINANCING ACTIVITIES		(1,678	)		(2,335	)
NET INCREASE (DECREASE) IN CASH		(10,455	)		358
CASH, BEGINNING OF PERIOD		18,932			8,141
CASH, END OF PERIOD		8,477		$	8,499

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated interim financial statements.

4FRONT VENTURES CORP.

Notes to Consolidated Interim Financial Statements

For the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2021 and 2020 (unaudited)

Amounts expressed in thousands of United States dollars unless otherwise stated

1.	NATURE OF OPERATIONS

4Front Ventures Corp. (“4Front” or the “Company”) exists pursuant to the provisions of the Business Corporations Act (British Columbia). On July 31, 2019, 4Front Holdings LLC (“Holdings”) completed a Reverse Takeover Transaction (“RTO”) with Cannex Capital Holdings, Inc. (“Cannex”) whereby Holdings acquired Cannex, for accounting purposes, and the shareholders of Holdings became the controlling shareholders of the Company. The subordinate voting shares of the Company are listed on the Canadian Securities Exchange (“CSE”) under the ticker “FFNT” and are quoted on OTC Market Group Inc.’s OTCQX Best Market under the symbol “FFNTF.”

The Company has two primary operating segments: THC Cannabis and CBD Wellness. With regard to its THC Cannabis segment, as of September 30, 2021, the Company operates five dispensaries in Massachusetts, Illinois, and Michigan, primarily under the “MISSION” brand name. As of September 30, 2021, the Company operates two production facilities in Massachusetts and Illinois and produces the majority of products that are sold at its own Massachusetts and Illinois dispensaries. Also, as part of its THC Cannabis segment, the Company sells equipment, supplies and intellectual property to cannabis producers in the state of Washington.

The Company’s CBD Wellness segment is focused upon its ownership and operation of its wholly-owned subsidiary, Pure Ratios Holdings, Inc. (“Pure Ratios”), a CBD-focused wellness company in California, that sells non-THC products throughout the United States.

Management continues to evaluate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the Company’s industry and has concluded that while it is reasonably possible that the virus could have a negative effect on the Company’s financial position and results of its operations the specific impact is not readily determinable as of the date of these consolidated financial statements. The consolidated financial statements do not include any adjustments that might result from the outcome of this uncertainty. See “Recent Developments – COVID-19”.

The corporate office address of the Company is 5060 North 40^th Street, Suite 120, Phoenix, Arizona, and the registered office is 550 Burrard Street, Suite 2900, Vancouver, British Columbia. Our telephone number is (602) 633-3067 and our website is accessible at https://4frontventures.com.

2.	BASIS OF PRESENTATION

The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated interim financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”) applicable to interim financial information and with the rules and regulations of the United States Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”). Accordingly, certain information and footnote disclosures normally included in financial statements prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP have been condensed, or omitted, pursuant to such rules and regulations.

In the opinion of management, the unaudited interim financial statements include all adjustments necessary for the fair presentation of the results of the interim periods presented. All adjustments are of a normal recurring nature, except as otherwise noted below. These financial statements should be read in conjunction with the Company’s audited financial statements and notes thereto for the year ended December 31, 2020, included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K, filed April 7, 2021, with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission and on the System for Electronic Document Analysis and Retrieval in Canada (or SEDAR). The results of operations for the interim periods are not necessarily indicative of the results of operations for any other interim period or for a full fiscal year.

There have been no changes to the Company’s significant accounting policies as described in Note 2 of the Company’s 2020 Annual Report on Form 10-K.

Principles of consolidation

The accompanying condensed consolidated interim financial statements include the accounts of the Company and all entities in which the Company either has a controlling voting interest or is the primary beneficiary of a variable interest entity. All intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated on consolidation.

The financial statements of the subsidiaries are prepared for the same reporting period as the parent company, using consistent accounting policies.

4FRONT VENTURES CORP.

Notes to Consolidated Interim Financial Statements

For the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2021 and 2020 (unaudited)

Amounts expressed in thousands of United States dollars unless otherwise stated

3.	SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

(a)	Critical accounting estimates and judgements

Our discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations are based upon our consolidated financial statements, which have been prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP. The preparation of the Company’s condensed consolidated interim financial statements requires management to make judgments, estimates and assumptions that affect the application of policies and reported amounts of assets and liabilities, and revenue and expenses. Actual results may differ from these estimates. The estimates and underlying assumptions are reviewed on an ongoing basis. Revisions to accounting estimates are recognized in the period in which the estimate is revised if the revision affects only that period or in the period of the revision and future periods if the revision affects both current and future periods. The significant judgements made by management in applying the Company’s accounting policies and the key sources of estimation uncertainty were the same as those described in the latest annual consolidated financial statements.

We cannot predict what future laws and regulations might be passed that could have a material effect on our results of operations. We assess the impact of significant changes in laws and regulations on a regular basis and update the assumptions and estimates used to prepare our financial statements when we deem it necessary.

(b)	Recent Accounting Pronouncements

Recently Adopted

(i)

Effective January 1, 2021, the Company adopted Accounting Standards Update ("ASU") No. 2019-12, "Income Taxes - Simplifying the Accounting for Income Taxes." This ASU is intended to simplify various aspects of accounting for income taxes by eliminating certain exceptions within Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) Topic 740, "Income Taxes" and to clarify certain aspects of the current accounting guidance. Adoption of this standard did not materially impact the Company's consolidated financial position, results of operations or cash flows.

Accounting Pronouncements Not Yet Adopted

(i)

In August 2020, the FASB issued ASU 2020-06, Debt - Debt with Conversion and Other Options (Subtopic 470- 20) and Derivatives and Hedging - Contracts in Entity’s Own Equity (Subtopic 815-40): Accounting for Convertible Instruments and Contracts in an Entity’s Own Equity (“ASU 2020-06”), which simplifies the accounting for certain financial instruments with characteristics of liabilities and equity. This ASU (1) simplifies the accounting for convertible debt instruments and convertible preferred stock by removing the existing guidance in ASC 470-20, Debt: Debt with Conversion and Other Options, that requires entities to account for beneficial conversion features and cash conversion features in equity, separately from the host convertible debt or preferred stock; (2) revises the scope exception from derivative accounting in ASC 815-40 for freestanding financial instruments and embedded features that are both indexed to the issuer’s own stock and classified in stockholders’ equity, by removing certain criteria required for equity classification; and (3) revises the guidance in ASC 260, Earnings Per Share, to require entities to calculate diluted earnings per share (EPS) for convertible instruments by using the if-converted method. In addition, entities must presume share settlement for purposes of calculating diluted EPS when an instrument may be settled in cash or shares.

For SEC filers, excluding smaller reporting companies, ASU 2020-06 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2021 including interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption is permitted, but no earlier than fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2020. For all other entities, ASU 2020-06 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2023, including interim periods within those fiscal years. Entities should adopt the guidance as of the beginning of the fiscal year of adoption and cannot adopt the guidance in an interim reporting period. The Company is currently evaluating the impact that ASU 2020-06 may have on its consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.

Management does not believe that any other recently issued, but not yet effective, accounting standard if currently adopted would have a material effect on the accompanying consolidated financial statements.

4FRONT VENTURES CORP.

Notes to Consolidated Interim Financial Statements

For the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2021 and 2020 (unaudited)

Amounts expressed in thousands of United States dollars unless otherwise stated

INVENTORY

Inventory consists of the following items:

	September 30, 2021		December 31, 2020
Raw materials – unharvested cannabis	$	11,183	$	4,907
Work in process – flower and extract		9,103		9,454
Finished goods – cultivation supplies		117		886
Finished goods – packaged products		6,603		2,790
Total inventory	$	27,006	$	18,037

5.	INTANGIBLE ASSETS AND GOODWILL

(a)Intangible Assets

Intangible assets are recorded at cost less accumulated amortization and impairment losses. Intangible assets acquired in a business combination are measured at fair value at the acquisition date. Amortization of definite life intangibles is recognized on a straight-line basis over their estimated useful lives. The estimated useful lives, residual values, and amortization methods are reviewed at each year end, and any changes in estimates are accounted for prospectively.

	Licenses		Customer Relationships			Non- Competition Agreements			Trademarks			Know- How			Total
Balance, December 31, 2019	$	20,146	$	2,247		$	137		$	3,725		$	8,892		$	35,147
Amortization expense		—		(579	)		(94	)		(377	)		(1,959	)		(3,009	)
Impairment		—		—			—			(3,348	)		—			(3,348	)
Balance, December 31, 2020	$	20,146	$	1,668		$	43		$	—		$	6,933		$	28,790
Amortization expense		—		(435	)		(37	)		—			(1,435	)		(1,907	)
Balance, September 30, 2021	$	20,146	$	1,233		$	6		$	—		$	5,498		$	26,883

(b)Goodwill

A summary of goodwill is as follows:

Balance, December 31, 2019	$	40,283
Disposal of PHX/Greens Goddess		(5,134	)
Tax adjustment to Goodwill from Cannex acquisition		1,406
Impairment		(13,400	)
Balance, December 31, 2020	$	23,155
Balance, September 30, 2021	$	23,155

(c)Impairment of Intangible Assets and Goodwill

On an annual basis, the Company assesses the Company’s reporting unit’s (“RUs”) for indicators of impairment or when facts or circumstances suggest that it is more likely than not that the carrying amount may exceed fair value. For the purpose of impairment testing, goodwill is allocated to the Company’s RUs to which it relates.

Goodwill was not tested for impairment during the nine months ended September 30, 2021.

4FRONT VENTURES CORP.

Notes to Consolidated Interim Financial Statements

For the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2021 and 2020 (unaudited)

Amounts expressed in thousands of United States dollars unless otherwise stated

Year Ended December 31, 2020

Management identified negative trigger events regarding its online CBD business. Management has concluded that the overall financial performance of Pure Ratio continued to be worse than expectations, including revenue growth, EBITDA/cash flows, and future growth projections. The Pure Ratio’s business operates at a breakeven (i.e., zero) profit level and is not expected to improve in the near term. As such, management had determined that the goodwill and remaining intangible assets associated with the Pure Ratio’s RU are impaired. As such, the remaining goodwill of $13,400 and $3,348 in trademarks were written off as of December 31, 2020.

LEASES

All real estate leases are recorded on the balance sheet. Equipment and other non-real estate leases with an initial term of twelve months or less are not recorded on the balance sheet. Balances related to operating leases are included in right-of-use (“ROU”) assets and noncurrent lease liabilities on the consolidated balance sheet. Lease agreements for some locations provide for rent escalations and renewal options. Many leases include one or more options to renew the lease at the end of the initial term. The Company considered renewals in its ROU assets and operating lease liabilities. Certain real estate leases require payment for taxes, insurance and maintenance which are considered non-lease components. The Company accounts for real estate leases and the related fixed non-lease components together as a single component.

The Company determines if an arrangement is a lease at inception. The Company must consider whether the contract conveys the right to control the use of an identified asset. Certain arrangements require significant judgment to determine if an asset is specified in the contract and if the Company directs how and for what purpose the asset is used during the term of the contract.

Operating lease expense for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020 is $2,009 and $755 respectively and for the nine months ended is $6,877 and $3,057 respectively.

(a)The Company as a Lessee

The following table summarizes the Company’s operating leases:

	Classification - Consolidated Interim Balance Sheets	September 30, 2021		December 31, 2020
Assets
Operating lease assets	Operating lease assets	$	62,084	$	62,466
Liabilities
Current
Operating	Current portion of operating lease liabilities		1,774		1,909
Non-Current
Operating	Operating lease liabilities		52,407		51,545
Total lease liabilities		$	54,181	$	53,454

Maturities of lease liabilities for third-party operating leases as of September 30, 2021 were as follows:

	Third-Party Maturities of Lease Liability
2021	$	2,245
2022		9,184
2023		9,391
2024		9,605
2025		9,772
Thereafter		132,375
Total minimum lease payments	$	172,572

4FRONT VENTURES CORP.

Notes to Consolidated Interim Financial Statements

For the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2021 and 2020 (unaudited)

Amounts expressed in thousands of United States dollars unless otherwise stated

The Company has right-of-use assets and lease liabilities for leased real estate for dispensaries, cultivation facilities and office space. The incremental borrowing rate for the Company on January 1, 2020 through September 30, 2021 was between 10.25% and 17%.

(b)The Company as a Lessor:

The Company leases a building in Elma, Washington that is subleased by the Company to a third party. This sublease is classified as a finance lease with a lease receivable balance of $10,558 as of September 30, 2021. This lease generated $2,077 of the $8,374 in real estate income for the nine months ending September 30, 2021.

The Company owned buildings in Olympia, Washington that were leased to a third party. This lease was classified as a finance lease. On December 17, 2020, the Company sold the Olympia building and other assets as part of a sale and leaseback transaction and this lease was cancelled. The Company applied ASC 842 to a new sublease to the same third party and classified the new sublease as an operating lease. The lease receivable was sold to the purchaser of the assets as part of the sale and leaseback transaction. This lease generated $6,297 of the $8,374 in real estate income for the nine months ending September 2021.

The following table summarizes changes in the Company’s lease receivables:

	September 30, 2021			December 31, 2020
Balance, beginning of the year	$	11,045		$	33,500
Sale of assets in sale leaseback		—			(22,508	)
Interest		2,077			11,019
Lease payments received		(2,564	)		(10,966	)
Balance, end of the period	$	10,558		$	11,045
Less current portion		(3,585	)		(3,450	)
Long term lease receivables	$	6,973		$	7,595

Future minimum lease payments receivable (principal and interest) on the leases is as follows:

	As of September 30, 2021
2021	$	885
2022		3,630
2023		1,575
2024		—
2025		—
Thereafter		—
Total minimum lease payments	$	6,090
Effect of discounting		(1,419	)
Present value of minimum lease payments		4,671
Present value of residual of leased property		5,887
Total lease receivable	$	10,558
Current portion lease receivable		(3,585	)
Long term lease receivable	$	6,973

4FRONT VENTURES CORP.

Notes to Consolidated Interim Financial Statements

For the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2021 and 2020 (unaudited)

Amounts expressed in thousands of United States dollars unless otherwise stated

7.	NOTES PAYABLE AND CONVERTIBLE NOTES

The Company’s notes payable and convertible notes are as follows:

	Gotham Green Partners, LLC			LI Lending, LLC			May 2020 Convertible Notes			May 2020 Convertible Notes (Swap)			Other Loans			Total
Balance, December 31, 2019	$	35,607		$	44,289		$	—		$	—		$	8,093		$	87,989
Loans advanced, net		2,810			—			5,827			—			509			9,146
Equity exchanged		—			—			—			13,661			—			13,661
Equity component		(692	)		—			(3,982	)		—			(1,168	)		(5,842	)
Accretion income		(643	)		—			—			—			—			(643	)
Loan payments		(39,855	)		(6,840	)		—			—			(685	)		(47,380	)
Gain on extinguishment of debt		(1,218	)		—			—			—			—			(1,218	)
Converted to equity		—			—			(145	)		(1,794	)		—			(1,939	)
Accrued interest		3,991			7,913			1,155			—			182			13,241
Balance, December 31, 2020	$	—		$	45,362		$	2,855		$	11,867		$	6,931		$	67,015
Loans advanced, net		—			—			—			—			930			930
Equity component		—			—			—			—			—			—
Loan payments		—			(3,096	)		—			—			(357	)		(3,453	)
Converted to equity		—			—			(5,852	)		(11,867	)		—			(17,719	)
Accrued interest		—			5,322			2,997			—			1,125			9,444
Balance, September 30, 2021	$	—		$	47,588		$	—		$	—		$	8,629		$	56,217

	Gotham Green Partners, LLC		LI Lending, LLC		May 2020 Convertible Notes		May 2020 Convertible Notes (Swap)		Other Loans			Total
Balance, December 31, 2020	$	—	$	45,362	$	2,855	$	11,867	$	6,931		$	67,015
Less current portion		—		—		—		—		(5,024	)		(5,024	)
Long term portion		—		45,362		2,855		11,867		1,907			61,991
Balance, September 30, 2021	$	—	$	47,588	$	—	$	—	$	8,629		$	56,217
Less current portion		—		—		—		—		(6,817	)		(6,817	)
Long term portion	$	—	$	47,588	$	—	$	—	$	1,812		$	49,400

Convertible Notes

On May 14, 2020, the Company issued $5,827 in convertible notes to existing investors in the Company (“May 2020 Convertible Notes”). The notes pay interest of 5% per annum and have a maturity date of Feb 28, 2022. The notes can be converted into Class A Subordinate Voting Shares of the Company for $0.25 per share at any time at the option of the holder. The Company can require mandatory conversion at any time that the Company’s stock price remains above $0.50 for 45 consecutive days. During the first quarter 2021, the Company exercised the mandatory conversion feature and converted the May 2020 Convertible Note balance to subordinate voting shares.

As part of issuing the convertible notes, the investors were given the right to exchange stock in the Company into separate convertible notes (swap notes) (“May 2020 Convertible Notes (Swap)”). In total 29,448,468 shares with a value of $13,661 were exchanged for $13,661 in convertible notes. These notes were effective May 28, 2020, have a maturity date of May 28, 2025, and can be converted into Class A Subordinate Voting Shares of the Company for $0.46 per share at any time at the option of the holder. The notes pay no interest if the Company’s annual revenue is greater than $15,000, and 3% annually otherwise. The Company can require mandatory

4FRONT VENTURES CORP.

Notes to Consolidated Interim Financial Statements

For the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2021 and 2020 (unaudited)

Amounts expressed in thousands of United States dollars unless otherwise stated

conversion at any time that the Company’s stock price remains above $0.92 for 45 consecutive days. During April 2021, the Company exercised the mandatory conversion feature and converted the May 2020 Convertible Note (Swap) balance to subordinate voting shares.

Gotham Green Partners LLC

Through the RTO, the Company assumed senior secured convertible notes issued to Gotham Green Partners LLC (“GGP”). The convertible loan has a fair value on acquisition of $39,881 which was determined as the present value of the loan and the fair value of the conversion feature. The fair value of the conversion feature was determined to be $4,874 based on the acquisition date intrinsic value of the option. Upon acquisition, the Company reclassified the fair value of the conversion feature to equity. The Company used an independent valuation company to value the notes using a 10.25% discount rate, which management determined was the rate for similar notes with no conversion feature or warrants. The notes were repaid in full in December 2020.

On January 29, 2020, the Company issued convertible secured promissory notes for a total of $3,000 to entities associated with GGP. These notes were due on July 29, 2020 and accrued interest at 15% per annum with no payments due until the maturity date. The notes were convertible at the option of the holder into the Company’s stock for the equivalent of $0.65 per share. The notes were issued with detachable stock warrants that gave the holders of the notes the option to purchase 2,230,080 shares of the Company’s stock for $0.67 per share. The notes were repaid in full in May 2020.

LI Lending LLC

On May 10, 2019, the Company entered into a loan agreement with LI Lending LLC, a related party, for $50,000. LI Lending LLC is related because an officer of the Company serves as a principal of LI Lending LLC. As of September 30, 2021, the Company had drawn $45,000 on the loan in two amounts, an initial $35,000 and a final $10,000, both bearing a 10.25% interest rate, with initial transaction costs of $806.

In April 2020, the loan was amended. In exchange for consent to allow the sale of the Pennsylvania and Maryland assets and the release of related collateral, the Company agreed to make prepayments of principal to LI Lending in the amount of $250 per month for an eight-month period beginning on May 1, 2020. The $2,000 prepayment was applied to the initial $35,000 principal amount decreasing the balance to $33,000. Additionally, the Company agreed to pay an increased interest rate of 12.25% on the final $10,000 of the loan until such time as this amount has been paid down with the remaining $33,000 amount continuing to be subject to the original 10.25% interest rate.

In December 2020, the loan was amended to allow for the release of collateral for the sale lease back transactions described in Note 6 above, which were entered into with Innovative Industrial Properties, Inc. (“IIPR”). The amendment increased both interest rates by 2.5% on the loan amounts but allowed the payments resulting from the incremental interest to be deferred until January 1, 2022. The Company elected to defer payment, and the additional 2.5% interest is accrued each month and added to the balance of the loan. The Company is still required to make interest-only payments monthly of 10.25% on the initial $33,000 and 12.25% on the final $10,000 of the loan until January 1, 2022 when the interest rates of 12.75% for the initial $33,000 and 14.75% for the final $10,000 will take effect for the remaining term.

The loan matures on May 10, 2024. An exit fee of 20% of the principal balance will be due as principal is repaid. Monthly interest-only payments are required, and the Company has paid all interest due as of September 30, 2021.

4FRONT VENTURES CORP.

Notes to Consolidated Interim Financial Statements

For the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2021 and 2020 (unaudited)

Amounts expressed in thousands of United States dollars unless otherwise stated

Other

Outstanding as of September 30, 2021 were other payables totaling $8,629 which include notes issued as part of the acquisition of Healthy Pharms Inc. and Arkansas entities as follows:

Subsidiary	Terms	September 30, 2021		December 31, 2020
Healthy Pharms Inc.	Unsecured convertible note at $0.50 per share, due November 18, 2021 at 12% per annum	$	2,858	$	1,652
Healthy Pharms Inc.	Unsecured promissory note, due November 18, 2021 at 12% per annum		3,073		2,823
Om of Medicine, LLC	Membership interest purchase agreement contingent payment due December 1, 2021 at 10% per annum		498		—
Arkansas Entities	Unsecured promissory note, monthly interest payments at 14% per annum		1,730		1,907
Equipment Loans	Secured by equipment, monthly payments beginning in 2021 at 15% per annum		367		512
Other	Various		103		37
Total Notes Payable and Convertible Notes		$	8,629	$	6,931

Future minimum payments on the notes payable and convertible debt are as follows:

		September 30, 2021
2021		$	6,034
	2022		1,730
	2023		—
	2024		52,915
	2025		—
Thereafter			—
Total minimum payments			60,679
Effect of discounting			(4,462	)
Present value of minimum payments			56,217
Current portion			(6,817	)
Long-term portion		$	49,400

8.	SHARE CAPITAL AND EQUITY

The Company has authorized an unlimited number of Class A Subordinate Voting Shares (“SVS”), and Class C Multiple Voting Shares (“MVS”), all with no par value. All share classes are included within share capital in the consolidated statements of shareholder’s equity on an as converted basis. Each share class is entitled to notice of and to attend at any meeting of the shareholders, except a meeting of which only holders of another particular class of shares will have the right to vote. All share classes are entitled to receive dividends as, and when declared by the Company, on an as-converted basis, and no dividends will be declared by the Company on any individual class unless the Company simultaneously declares or pays dividends on all share classes. No subdivision or consolidation of any share class shall be made without simultaneously subdividing or consolidating all share classes in the same manner.

Class A Subordinate Voting Shares

Holders of Class A Subordinate Voting Shares are entitled to one vote in respect of each SVS.

4FRONT VENTURES CORP.

Notes to Consolidated Interim Financial Statements

For the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2021 and 2020 (unaudited)

Amounts expressed in thousands of United States dollars unless otherwise stated

Class C Multiple Voting Shares

Holders of MVS are entitled to 800 votes in respect of each MVS. MVS will not be convertible into SVS until prior to the later of the date (i) the aggregate number of SVS and MVS held by the Initial Holders (being the MVS holders on their initial issuance) on are reduced to a number which is less than 50% of the aggregate number of SVS and MVS held by the Initial Holders on the date of completion of the RTO with Cannex, and (ii) 3 years following the date of the business combination with Cannex.

Series	Shares outstanding as of September 30, 2021		As converted to SVS Shares
Class A – Subordinate Voting Shares		592,644,240		592,644,240
Class C – Multiple Voting Shares		1,276,208		1,276,208
		593,920,448		593,920,448

On November 23, 2020, the Company closed a bought deal prospectus offering of 24,644,500 Units at a price of C$ 0.70 per Unit. Each Unit is comprised of one SVS of the Company and one-half of a SVS purchase warrant. Each whole warrant entitles the holder to purchase one SVS for a period of two years from the date of issuance at an exercise price of C$ 0.90 per subordinate voting share. Net proceeds from this transaction were $11,557 net of share issuance costs of $690.

Because of the Canadian dollar denominated exercise price, these warrants do not qualify to be classified within equity and are therefore classified as derivative liabilities at fair value through profit or loss “FVTPL”. On November 23, 2020, the warrants were valued using the Black Scholes option pricing model at $4,229 using the following assumptions: Share Price: C$0.94; Exercise Price: C$0.90; Expected Life: 2 years; Annualized Volatility: 87.73%; Dividend yield: 0%; Discount Rate: 0.16%; C$ Exchange Rate: 1.31.

On September 30, 2021, the warrants were revalued using the Black Scholes option pricing model, using the following assumptions: Share Price: C$1.56; Expected Life: 1.15 years, Annualized Volatility: 37.42%; Dividend yield: 0%; Discount Rate: 0.07%; C$ Exchange Rate: 1.27. The increase in the value of the derivative liability is reflected in the statement of comprehensive loss as a $502 gain on the change in fair value of the derivative liability for the nine months ended September 30, 2021.

WARRANTS

As of September 30, 2021, there were share purchase warrants outstanding to purchase up to 39,779,765 SVS:

Series	Number of warrants			Weighted average exercise price
Balance, December 31, 2020		42,772,992		$	0.90
Issued		—			—
Exercised		(2,993,227	)		0.68
Balance, September 30, 2021		39,779,765		$	0.92

4FRONT VENTURES CORP.

Notes to Consolidated Interim Financial Statements

For the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2021 and 2020 (unaudited)

Amounts expressed in thousands of United States dollars unless otherwise stated

As of September 30, 2021, the Company has the following warrants outstanding and exercisable.

Warrants Outstanding		Exercise Price		Expiry Date
	7,000,000	$	1.00	November 21, 2021
	4,511,278	$	1.33	November 21, 2021
	2,010,050	$	1.99	November 21, 2021
	10,469,350	$	C0.90	November 23, 2022
	298,085	$	C0.70	November 23, 2022
	12,135,922	$	0.82	December 17, 2022
	2,230,080	$	0.67	January 29, 2023
	625,000	$	C0.80	October 6, 2024
	500,000	$	C0.80	October 6, 2025
	39,779,765

10.	SHARE-BASED COMPENSATION

The Company grants stock options under the Company’s Amended and Restated Stock Option Plan. Under the terms of the plan, the maximum number of stock options which may be granted are a total of ten percent of the number of shares outstanding assuming conversion of all shares to SVS. The exercise price for stock options issued under the plan will be set by the compensation committee of the board of directors but will not be less than 100% of the fair market value of the Company’s shares on the grant date. Stock options have a maximum term of 5 years from the date of grant. Stock options vest at the discretion of the Board.

As of September 30, 2021, the Company had the following options outstanding and exercisable on an as-converted basis:

Grant Date	Strike Price in C$		Options Outstanding		Exercisable Options		Life Remaining (years)
July 31, 2019		1.00		7,983,332		7,983,332		1.20
July 31, 2019		1.00		1,166,667		1,166,667		2.01
July 31, 2019		1.50		441,666		441,666		2.70
July 31, 2019		1.50		800,000		333,334		2.72
July 31, 2019		0.10		6,245,840		6,245,840		2.96
August 22, 2019		1.00		6,148,750		1,881,450		2.90
August 22, 2019		0.80		5,748,854		2,814,575		2.90
November 1, 2019		0.80		1,200,000		400,000		3.09
February 3, 2020		0.80		358,332		158,333		3.35
June 8, 2020		0.80		25,000		8,333		3.35
July 31, 2020		0.80		1,200,000		1,200,000		3.84
September 15, 2020		0.86		7,915,860		7,315,860		3.96
October 2, 2020		0.77		3,000,000		1,500,000		4.01
November 24, 2020		0.94		1,775,000		1,775,000		4.15
December 2, 2020		1.11		2,900,000		1,450,000		4.18
December 21, 2020		1.06		1,200,000		—		4.23
March 18, 2021		1.63		6,650,000		2,216,667		4.47
April 2, 2021		1.36		200,000		66,667		4.47
April 21, 2021		1.58		175,000		58,333		4.47
June 23, 2021		1.56		450,000		—		4.73
				55,584,301		37,016,058		3.22

Stock option activity is summarized as follows:

4FRONT VENTURES CORP.

Notes to Consolidated Interim Financial Statements

For the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2021 and 2020 (unaudited)

Amounts expressed in thousands of United States dollars unless otherwise stated

	Number of			Weighted Average		Weighted Average
	Options			Price CAD$		Years
Balance, December 31, 2019		40,028,465			0.86		4.12
Granted		19,190,960			0.90		—
Exercised		—			—		—
Forfeited		(8,792,360	)		1.04		—
Balance, December 31, 2020		50,427,065			0.84		3.72
Granted		7,875,000			1.63		4.37
Exercised		(2,032,983	)		0.93		4.97
Forfeited		(684,781	)		1.45		—
Balance, September 30, 2021		55,584,301			0.94		3.22

The Company recognized share-based compensation expense of $2,603 and $1,517 during the third quarter of 2021 and 2020 and $7,978 and $3,792 during the respective year-to-date periods.

In determining the amount of equity-based compensation during the period, the Company used the Black-Scholes option pricing model to establish fair value of options granted during the period with the following key assumption:

	September 30, 2021
Risk-Free Interest Rate	0.87% to 0.92%
Expected Life of Options (years)		5.00
Expected Annualized Volatility	86.2% to 93.53%
Expected Dividend Yield	nil

11.	RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS

Related party transactions

Roman Tkachenko, a director and Leonid Gontmakher, the Company’s Chief Executive Officer and a director, each hold a 14.28% ownership interest in LI Lending LLC, which extended the Company a real estate improvement/development loan of $50,000 of which $47,588 was outstanding as of September 30, 2021.

Leonid Gontmakher, Chief Executive Officer of the Company, holds an interest in an entity related to iWolf Management, LLC, an online marketing company serving the online CBD market which provided online marketing services during 2020 and 2019 for the Company’s Pure Ratios division. Pure Ratios paid $313 and (2020 – $4,301) for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 to this vendor for management fees, pass through marketing costs and customer service.

Certain subsidiaries which were acquired in the Company’s business combination with Cannex Capital Holdings Inc. have a contractual relationship with a licensed Washington cannabis producer, 7Point Holdings LLC (“7Point”). The sole owner of 7Point, Mr. Gerald Derevyanny, was an executive of the Company during 2019 and the first half of 2020. As a result of his departure on June 30, 2020 from 4Front, 7Point is no longer considered a related party.

7Point and the Company are parties to a commercial sublease expiring May 31, 2023 with one five-year renewal option. The Company recognized as interest revenue for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 is $2,077 (2020 – $2,254) on the lease receivable for this lease.

12.	CONTINGENCIES

(a)	Cannabis Industry

Cannabis is still considered a Schedule 1 substance under the Controlled Substance Act. As such, there is an inherent risk related to the federal government’s position on cannabis; additionally, the risk exists, due to the Company’s business in cannabis, that third party service providers could suspend or withdraw services and as well as the risk that regulatory bodies could impose certain restrictions on

4FRONT VENTURES CORP.

Notes to Consolidated Interim Financial Statements

For the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2021 and 2020 (unaudited)

Amounts expressed in thousands of United States dollars unless otherwise stated

the issuer’s ability to operate in the U.S.; however, the Company has deemed it not reasonable to estimate a potential liability related to the possible enforcement of laws against the medical cannabis industry.

(b)	Contingent consideration payable

As part of the acquisition of Om of Medicine, LLC the Company is subject to contingent consideration payable to the original sellers. The fair value of the contingent consideration, which is based on specific revenue levels achieved over a two year period, is as follows:

	Om of Medicine
Balance, December 31, 2020	$	5,496
Additions		—
Accretion		228
Payments		(1,201	)
Notes issued (see Note 7)		(485	)
Shares issued		(722	)
Balance, September 30, 2021	$	3,316

The contingent consideration payable is measured at fair value based on unobservable inputs and is considered a Level 3 financial instrument. The determination of the fair value of these liabilities is primarily driven by the Company’s expectations of the respective subsidiaries achieving certain milestones. The expected milestones were assigned probabilities and the expected related cash flows were discounted to derive the fair value of the contingent consideration.

OM of Medicine: The contingent consideration payable is determined as the amount in excess of gross sales of $3,400 (for fiscal 2020 and 2021) to a maximum payable of $6,000.

(c)	Legal Matters

From time to time, the Company may be involved in certain disputes arising in the ordinary course of business. Such disputes, taken in the aggregate, are not expected to have a material adverse effect on the Company. Except as disclosed under the heading “Legal Proceedings” below as of September 30, 2021, there were no pending or threatened lawsuits that could reasonably be expected to have a material effect on the results of the Company’s operations. There are also no proceedings in which any of the Company’s directors, officers, or affiliates is an adverse party or has a material interest adverse to the Company’s interest.

13.	FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS AND FINANCIAL RISK MANAGEMENT

The Company’s financial instruments consist of cash, accounts receivable, other receivables, notes receivable, accounts payable and accrued expenses, contingent consideration payable, notes payable, and derivative liabilities. The carrying values of these financial instruments approximate their fair values as of September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020.

Financial instruments recorded at fair value are classified using a fair value hierarchy that reflects the significance of the inputs to fair value measurements. The three levels of hierarchy are:

Level 1

quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.

Level 2

inputs other than quoted prices included in Level 1 that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly (i.e., as prices) or indirectly (i.e., derived from prices); and

Level 3

inputs for the asset or liability that are not based on observable market data (unobservable inputs).

The fair value of the Company’s cash, accounts receivable, other receivables, accounts payable and accrued expenses approximate the carrying value due to their short-term nature. The Company’s notes receivable, convertible notes payable, and notes payable approximate fair value due to the instruments bearing market rate of interest.

There were no transfers between fair value levels during the nine months ended September 30, 2021 and the year ending December 31, 2020.

4FRONT VENTURES CORP.

Notes to Consolidated Interim Financial Statements

For the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2021 and 2020 (unaudited)

Amounts expressed in thousands of United States dollars unless otherwise stated

(a)	Financial Risk Management

The Company is exposed in varying degrees to a variety of financial instruments related risks. The Board mitigates these risks by assessing, monitoring, and approving the Company’s risk management processes.

(b)	Credit Risk

Credit risk is the risk of loss associated with counterparty’s inability to fulfill its payment obligations. The Company’s credit risk is primarily attributable to cash, lease receivables, other receivables, and notes receivable. The Company’s maximum credit risk exposure is equivalent to the carrying value of these instruments.

The risk exposure is limited to the carrying amounts at the statement of financial position date. The risk to cash deposits is mitigated by holding these instruments with regulated financial institutions. Lease receivables, notes receivables and other receivables credit risk arises from the possibility that principal and interest due may become uncollectible. The Company mitigates this risk by managing and monitoring the underlying business relationships.

The Company maintains cash with federally insured financial institutions. As of September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, the Company exceeded federally insured limits by approximately $3,000 and $5,000 respectively. The Company has historically not experienced any losses in such accounts. As of September 30, 2021, the Company held approximately $633 in a Canadian account that is denominated in C$.

As of September 30, 2021, the maximum credit exposure related to the carrying amounts of accounts receivable, other receivables, notes receivable and lease receivables was $12,363.

(c)	Liquidity Risk

Liquidity risk is the risk that the Company will not be able to meet its financial obligations associated with financial liabilities. The Company manages liquidity risk through the management of its capital structure. The Company’s approach to managing liquidity is to raise sufficient capital to settle obligations and liabilities when due.

(d)	Interest Rate Risk

Interest rate risk is the risk that the fair value of future cash flows of a financial instrument will fluctuate because of changes in market interest rates. The Company’s secured convertible notes with GGP (Note 7) had variable interest rates and were paid in full in December 2020.

(e)	Foreign Exchange Risk

The Company is exposed to exchange rate fluctuations between United States and Canadian dollars. The Company’s share price is denominated in Canadian dollars. If the Canadian dollar declines against the United States dollar, the United States dollar amounts available to fund the Company through the exercise of stock options or warrants will be less. The Company also has bank accounts with balances in Canadian dollars. The value of these bank balances if converted to U.S. dollars will fluctuate. While the Company maintains a head office in Canada where it incurs expenses primarily denominated in Canadian dollars, such expenses are a small portion of overall expenses incurred by the Company. The Company does not have a practice of trading derivatives and does not engage in “natural hedging” for funds held in Canada.

(f)	Other Price Risk

Price risk is the risk of variability in fair value due to movements in equity or market prices. The Company is subject to risk of prices to its products due to competitive or regulatory pressures.

4FRONT VENTURES CORP.

Notes to Consolidated Interim Financial Statements

For the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2021 and 2020 (unaudited)

Amounts expressed in thousands of United States dollars unless otherwise stated

14.	SEGMENT INFORMATION

Operating segments are components of the Company that combine similar business activities, with activities grouped to facilitate the evaluation of business units and allocation of resources by the Company’s board and management. As of September 30, 2021, the Company had two reportable segments:

•

THC Cannabis – Production and cultivation of THC cannabis, manufacturing, and distribution of cannabis products to own dispensaries and third-party retail customers, ancillary services supporting wholesale operations, and retail sales direct to end consumers

•

CBD Wellness – Pure Ratios which encompasses the production and sale of CBD products to third-party customers

All revenues are derived from customers domiciled in the United States and all assets are located in the United States.

	September 30, 2021		September 30, 2020
Net Revenues
THC Cannabis	$	74,073	$	34,556
CBD Wellness		1,959		6,090
Corporate		—		—
Total Net Revenues	$	76,032	$	40,646

Depreciation and Amortization
THC Cannabis	$	2,444	$	2,343
CBD Wellness		16		325
Corporate		6		—
Total Depreciation and Amortization	$	2,466	$	2,668


	September 30, 2021		December 31, 2020
Assets
THC Cannabis	$	206,131	$	186,899
CBD Wellness		1,399		2,198
Corporate		4,582		15,659
Total Assets	$	212,112	$	204,756

Goodwill assigned to the THC Cannabis segment as of September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020 was $23,155. Intangible assets, net assigned to the THC Cannabis segment as of September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020 was $26,883 and $28,790, respectively.

Goodwill and Intangible Assets assigned to the CBD Wellness segment as of September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020 were $nil.

4FRONT VENTURES CORP.

Notes to Consolidated Interim Financial Statements

For the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2021 and 2020 (unaudited)

Amounts expressed in thousands of United States dollars unless otherwise stated

15. SUPPLEMENTARY CASH FLOW INFORMATION

Changes in non-cash working capital for nine months ended September 30,

Changes in operating assets and liabilities	2021			2020
Accounts receivable and other receivables	$	(663	)	$	325
Deposits		55			—
Inventory		(8,969	)		(5,769	)
Prepaid expenses		(118)			530
Accounts payable and other liabilities		2,196			(3,433	)
Taxes payable		10,032			5,759
	$	2,533		$	(2,588	)

•

Cash paid for interest in for nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020 was $1,751 and $6,260, respectively.

•

Cash paid for income taxes for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020 was $224 and $1,849, respectively.

16.	INCOME TAXES

The following table summarizes the Company’s income tax expense and effective tax rates:

	For the Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2021			2020
Net loss before income taxes	$	(11,351	)	$	(22,446	)
Income tax expense		(10,545	)		(5,427	)
Effective tax rate		93	%		24	%

Net loss without discontinued operations before income taxes	$	(11,351	)	$	(6,561	)
Income tax expense		(10,545	)		(5,839	)
Effective tax rate		93	%		89	%

The Company has computed its provision for income taxes under the discrete method which treats the year-to-date period as if it were the annual period and determines the income tax expense or benefit on that basis. The discrete method is applied when application of the estimated annual effective tax rate is impractical because it is not possible to reliably estimate the annual effective tax rate. The Company believes the use of this discrete method is more appropriate than the annual effective tax rate method due to the early growth stage of the business. At this time, there is a high degree of uncertainty in estimating the Company’s annual pre-tax income and significant non-deductible expenses so the Company cannot reliably estimate the annual effective tax rate.

Internal Revenue Code (“IRC”) Section 280E denies, at the U.S. federal level, deductions, and credits attributable to a trade or business trafficking in controlled substances. Because the Company is subject to IRC Section 280E, the Company has computed its U.S. tax based on gross receipts less cost of goods sold. The tax provisions for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020, have been prepared based on the assumption that cost of goods sold is a valid expense for income tax purposes.

The effective tax rate for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 varies widely from the nine months ended September 30, 2020, primarily due to the increase in non-deductible expenses as a proportion of total expenses in the current year. The Company incurs expenses that are not deductible due to IRC Section 280E limitations which results in significant income tax expense.

The federal statute of limitation remains open for the 2017 tax year to the present. The state income tax returns generally remain open for the 2016 tax year through the present. Net operating losses arising prior to these years are also open to examination if and when utilized.

4FRONT VENTURES CORP.

Notes to Consolidated Interim Financial Statements

For the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2021 and 2020 (unaudited)

Amounts expressed in thousands of United States dollars unless otherwise stated

17.	DISPOSALS AND DISCONTINUED OPERATIONS

On January 21, 2020, the Company sold two management companies that controlled two Arkansas cannabis licenses to a third party for $2,000. A gain of $2,000 is included in net income from discontinued operations in the Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss. The entities sold had no operation through the sale date.

On March 20, 2020, the Company completed the divestiture of PHX Interactive LLC and Greens Goddess Inc. through a sale to a third party for $6,000 in cash. The Company paid a $348 fee to a lender in exchange for allowing the Company to sell the dispensary. This fee is recorded as a disposal cost and is netted with gains as part of net income from discontinued operations in the Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss. Revenue and expenses, gains or losses relating to the discontinuation of these operations have been eliminated from the profit or loss from th e Company’s continuing operations and are shown as part net income from discontinued operations in the condensed consolidated interim statements of operations and comprehensive loss.

Between April 1, 2020 and September 30, 2020, the Company completed the sale of dispensaries in Pennsylvania, Maryland, and Arkansas, and of management companies that control three additional dispensaries in Maryland. Revenue and expenses from these operations have been eliminated from the loss from the Company’s continuing operations for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and are shown as part of net income from discontinued operations in the condensed consolidated interim statements of operations and comprehensive loss.

The entities that were sold during the nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020 were part of the THC Cannabis segment (Note 14). Below is a summary of the net income or loss from discontinued operations that is shown as a single line item for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020:

	Three Months Ended September 30,					Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2021		2020			2021		2020
REVENUE	$	—	$	3,061		$	—	$	12,482
Cost of goods sold		—		(1,950	)		—		(8,057	)
Gross profit		—		1,111			—		4,425
OPERATING EXPENSES
Selling and marketing expenses		—		892			—		3,899
Depreciation and amortization		—		119			—		472
Gain on sale of subsidiary		—		(4,729	)		—		(15,940	)
Total operating (income) expenses		—		(3,718	)		—		(11,569	)
Income from operations		—		4,829			—		15,994
Interest expense		—		(68	)		—		(109	)
Net income before income taxes		—		4,761			—		15,885
Income tax expense		—		—			—		(412	)
Net income after income tax expense	$	—	$	4,761		$	—	$	15,473

Cash flows generated by the discontinued operations are reported as a single line item in each section of the condensed consolidated interim statements of cash flows and are summarized as follows:

	Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2021		2020
Net cash used in operating activities	$	—	$	12,888
Net cash used in investing activities		—		(14	)
Net cash provided by financing activities		—		—
Cash flows from discontinued operations	$	—	$	12,874

4FRONT VENTURES CORP.

Notes to Consolidated Interim Financial Statements

For the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2021 and 2020 (unaudited)

Amounts expressed in thousands of United States dollars unless otherwise stated

18.	SUBSEQUENT EVENTS

(a) Acquisition of New England Cannabis Corporation

On October 6, 2021, the Company has entered into an agreement to acquire 100% interest of New England Cannabis Corporation (“NECC”) for a total consideration of $55 million. The purchase price will be funded through the issuance to the seller of 25 million subordinate voting shares of the Company ("SVS") and $25 million of cash. The cash portion will be funded through proceeds raised from a $15 million convertible notes offering.

•

The convertible notes have a maturity date of 36 months following their date of issuance and bear interest at a rate of 6.0% per annum, payable annually.

•

Investors can elect at any time to convert their outstanding balance into SVS at a conversion price equal to US$1.03.

Subject to receipt of regulatory approval and the satisfaction or waiver of customary closing conditions, the transaction is expected to close in the fourth quarter of 2021.

(b) Commerce, California Manufacturing Commences

The Company was awarded a temporary cannabis business license for its 170,000 Sq. Ft. Cannabis Manufacturing Facility (the “Facility”) in Commerce, California on October 27, 2021. The Facility will manufacture both in-house and partner brands.

Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.

This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. Forward-looking statements generally relate to future events or our future financial or operating performance and may include statements concerning, among other things, our business strategy (including anticipated trends and developments in, and management plans for, our business and the markets in which we operate), financial results, the impact of COVID-19 on our business, operations, and the markets and communities in which we, our clients, and partners operate, results of operations, revenues, operating expenses, and capital expenditures, sales and marketing initiatives and competition. In some cases, you can identify forward-looking statements because they contain words such as “may,” “might,” “will,” “should,” “expects,” “plans,” “anticipates,” “could,” “intends,” “target,” “projects,” “contemplates,” “believes,” “estimates,” “predicts,” “suggests,” “potential” or “continue” or the negative of these words or other similar terms or expressions that concern our expectations, strategy, plans or intentions. These statements are not guarantees of future performance; they reflect our current views with respect to future events and are based on assumptions and are subject to known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors that may cause our actual results, performance, or achievements to be materially different from expectations or results projected or implied by forward-looking statements.

We discuss many of these risks in other filings we make from time to time with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”). Also, these forward-looking statements represent our estimates and assumptions only as of the date of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, which are inherently subject to change and involve risks and uncertainties. Unless required by federal securities laws, we assume no obligation to update any of these forward-looking statements, or to update the reasons actual results could differ materially from those anticipated, to reflect circumstances or events that occur after the statements are made. Given these uncertainties, investors should not place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements.

Investors should read this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and the documents that we reference in this report and have filed with the SEC and on SEDAR, including our Annual Report on Form 10-K, filed with the SEC on April 7, 2021, with the understanding that our actual future results may be materially different from what we expect. We qualify all of our forward-looking statements by these cautionary statements for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020.

Unless the context otherwise indicates, when used in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, “4Front,” “the Company,” “we,” “us” and “our” refer to 4Front Ventures Corp., a British Columbia corporation, and its wholly owned subsidiaries on a consolidated basis.

Overview

The Company exists pursuant to the provisions of the Business Corporations Act (British Columbia). The Company’s SVS are listed on the Canadian Securities Exchange (“CSE”) under the ticker “FFNT” and are quoted on the OTC (OTCQX: FFNTF).

The Company has two primary operating segments: THC Cannabis and CBD Wellness. With regard to its THC Cannabis segment, as of September 30, 2021, the Company operated six dispensaries, three in Massachusetts, two in Illinois, and one in Michigan, primarily under the “MISSION” brand name. Also, as of September 30, 2021, the Company operated two production facilities in Massachusetts and one in Illinois. The Company produces the majority of products that are sold at its Massachusetts and Illinois dispensaries. Also, as part of its THC Cannabis segment, the Company sells equipment, supplies and intellectual property to cannabis producers in the state of Washington.

The Company’s CBD Wellness segment is focused upon its ownership and operation of its wholly owned subsidiary, Pure Ratios Holdings, Inc. (“Pure Ratios”), a CBD-focused wellness company in California, that sells non-THC products throughout the United States.

While marijuana is legal under the laws of several U.S. states (with varying restrictions), the United States Federal Controlled Substances Act classifies all “marijuana” as a Schedule I drug, whether for medical or recreational use. Under U.S. federal law, a Schedule I drug or substance has a high potential for abuse, no accepted medical use in the United States, and a lack of safety data for the use of the drug under medical supervision. In late January 2021, Senate Majority Leader Chuck Schumer said lawmakers are in the process of merging various cannabis bills, including his own legalization legislation. He is working to enact reform in this Congressional session. This would include the Marijuana Freedom and Opportunity Act, that would federally de-schedule cannabis, reinvest tax revenue into communities most affected by the drug war, and fund efforts to expunge prior cannabis records. It is likely that the Marijuana Opportunity, Reinvestment, and Expungement (MORE) Act would be incorporated. Other federal legislation under review for possible submission includes the Secure and Fair Enforcement Act (the “SAFE Banking Act”), a bill that would allow cannabis companies to access the federally insured banking system and capital markets without the risk of federal enforcement action, and the Strengthening

the Tenth Amendment Through Entrusting States Act (the STATES Act), a bill that seeks protections for businesses and individuals in states that have legalized and comply with state laws.

The Company’s Interim Financial Statements are prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“U.S. GAAP”), and the financial information contained herein, are reported in thousands (000’s) of United States dollars (“$”) unless otherwise specified. Canadian dollar amounts are denoted by “C$”.

Recent Developments

Officer Personnel Changes

Effective July 1, 2021, the Company terminated its month-to-month independent contractor arrangement with Peter Rennard in his position as Interim Chief Financial Officer of the Company. Mr. Rennard’s termination was not in connection with any known disagreement with the Company on any matter relating to the Company’s operations, policies or practices, including accounting principles and practices.

Effective July 15, 2021, the Company’s board of directors appointed Andrew Thut as the Company’s Interim Chief Financial Officer while the Company continues its search for a permanent Chief Financial Officer. Mr. Thut joined the Company in October 2014 as its Chief Investment Officer and will continue to serve as Chief Investment Officer during his tenure as Interim Chief Financial Officer of the Company.

Final Close on Illinois Cultivation and Production Facility Project

The Company announced on August 5, 2021 the first closing of a multiphase expansion project to build an up to 558,000 sq. ft. cultivation and production facility (the “Facility”) in the Village of Matteson, Illinois, located outside of Chicago. Construction on Phase 1, a 350,000 square foot cultivation and production facility, began in Q3 2021 and is expected to be completed in Q4 2022. The facility is expected to begin operations in Q1 2023. The Company plans to use the Facility to produce the Company's more than 20 in-house brands and 200 products, which will be offered to Illinois customers at an accessible price point at its Mission Dispensaries and partner dispensaries across Illinois.

Massachusetts Brookline Mission Dispensary Grand Opening

On July 15, 2021, the Company received final approval from the Massachusetts Cannabis Control Commission to open the Company’s third adult-use retail dispensary in Massachusetts. Located at 1024 Commonwealth Avenue, Boston, MA, the dispensary held its grand opening on August 21, 2021.

Acquisition of New England Cannabis Corporation

Please see Note 18 of the financial statements for a full description of the Company’s entrance into the NECC Merger Agreement on October 6, 2021, and related transactions.

Commerce Facility

The Company was awarded a temporary cannabis business license for its 170,000 sq. ft. Cannabis Manufacturing Facility (the “Facility”) in Commerce, California on October 27, 2021. The Company intends that the Facility will manufacture both in-house and partner brands, including infused pre-rolls, gummies, hard candies, fruit chews, caramels, mints, soft gel capsules, vapes, tinctures and other manufactured infused products. As of November 17, 2021, the Company has commenced permitted manufacturing activities allowable under the license.

COVID-19

In March 2020, the United States and much of the world began to experience a rapid increase in the number of COVID-19 cases. The emergence of COVID-19, an extremely infectious airborne respiratory virus, caused a significant response on the part of many governments to contain it. The most relevant containment measure for the Company’s business is the implementation of “essential” type business designations and implementation of social distancing protocols. Thus far, the Company’s dispensaries and operations have been allowed to continue operating. Social distancing protocols have been implemented at the Company’s dispensaries which meet or exceed those required by the local jurisdiction. Through the date of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, sales continue to meet or exceed

comparable periods prior to March 2020, however there is no guarantee that the Company’s dispensaries/operations will not see future negative effects from COVID-19

The situation related to the pandemic and recovery from the pandemic continues to be complex and rapidly evolving. Certain vaccines have been authorized by major regulatory bodies to help fight the infection of COVID-19, and certain other vaccines are in the last stages of development to provide such treatment. While it is anticipated in the ensuing months that authorized vaccines will become more widely available to the public, vaccine availability remains limited in certain regions and the timeline to sufficiently mitigate the effects of the pandemic through vaccines or other measures remains uncertain. If COVID-19 persists or worsens before vaccines or other treatments are made widely available, there may be further external developments, such as restrictions imposed by government authorities, that are beyond our control and may impact our operating plans. Parts of our business have experienced and may continue to experience, operational disruption and customer demand impacts. Furthermore, the impact of the Delta variant cannot be predicted at this time, and could depend on numerous factors, including vaccination rates among the population, the effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccines against the Delta variant and the response by governmental bodies and regulators. As such, we are unable to reasonably estimate the duration of the pandemic or fully ascertain its long-term impact to our business.

RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

	For the Three Months Ended September 30,						For the Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2021			2020			2021			2020
Total revenues	$	25,941		$	15,293		$	76,032		$	40,646
Cost of goods sold		(10,269	)		(6,061	)		(30,210	)		(18,756	)
Gross profit		15,672			9,232			45,822			21,890
Total expenses		(20,266	)		(17,962	)		(67,718	)		(49,763	)
Net loss from continuing operations		(4,594	)		(8,730	)		(21,896	)		(27,873	)
Net income from discontinued operations		—			4,761			—			15,473
Net loss		(4,594	)		(3,969	)	$	(21,896	)	$	(12,400	)
Net income attributable to non-controlling interest		5			67			15			41
Net loss attributable to shareholders		(4,599	)		(4,036	)	$	(21,911	)	$	(12,441	)

	September 30, 2021		December 31, 2020
Total assets	$	212,112	$	204,756
Total liabilities		160,533		162,553
Total equity		51,579		42,203

Components of Revenue

Revenue

As of September 30, 2021, 4Front owns or manages operations in California, Illinois, Massachusetts, Michigan, and Washington. Since commencing operations 4Front has generated revenue in each state. Adult-use sales began in August 2020 in Georgetown, MA, and in September 2020 in Worcester, MA. The Company opened its Calumet City, IL dispensary in December 2020 and opened its Brookline, MA dispensary under adult-use in August 2021. The additional adult-use sales and the new dispensaries have driven sales higher in 2021. The Company utilizes its cultivation and production techniques developed by Cannex for its Washington state customers to increase the yields and quality of products produced in Illinois and Massachusetts. The ability to supply the Company’s adult=use dispensaries will ensure that the Company can meet increasing demand. As production increases, the Company will begin to sell excess production in the wholesale market. The Company also sells equipment and supplies to third party cannabis operators and sells non-THC wellness products through its Pure Ratios subsidiary.

Revenue from Sale of Goods

Revenue from sale of goods includes the sale of cannabis products through the Company’s dispensaries. These products are either manufactured by the Company or are purchased from other licensed cannabis companies. Also included are equipment and supply sales and non-THC wellness product sales.

Real Estate Income

Real estate income from leasing cannabis production facilities to third party cannabis operators in the state of Washington.

Gross Profit

Gross profit is revenue less cost of goods sold. Cost of goods sold includes the costs to purchase products from third parties and includes finished goods such as flower, edibles, and concentrates. Cost of goods sold also includes costs to internally manufacture products such as packaging and other supplies, and allocated overhead which includes rent, salaries, utilities, and related costs. Cannabis costs are affected by various state regulations that limit the sourcing and procurement of cannabis products, which may create fluctuations in gross profit over comparative periods as the regulatory environment changes.

Total Operating Expenses

Total operating expenses include selling and marketing expenses, general and administrative expenses, depreciation and amortization, and equity-based compensation.

Selling and marketing expenses generally correlate to revenue. These expenses include labor costs and other selling costs to support the Company’s retail locations. The Company expects selling costs as a percentage of revenue to decrease over time as volumes increase at the Massachusetts and Illinois dispensaries due to adult-use sales and as the Company begins to sell cannabis to the wholesale market.

General and administrative expenses include costs incurred at the corporate offices, primarily related to personnel costs, benefits, and other professional service costs. These costs are anticipated to be stable.

Provision for Income Taxes

Although the Company is a Canadian corporation, we are classified as a U.S. domestic corporation for U.S. federal income tax purposes under section 7874(b) of the U.S. Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “U.S. Tax Code”) and will be subject to U.S. federal income tax on our worldwide income. However, for Canadian tax purposes, regardless of any application of section 7874 of the U.S. Tax Code, we are treated as a Canadian resident corporation. As a result, we are subject to taxation in both Canada and the United States, which could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations.

We are subject to income taxes in the jurisdictions in which we operate, and, consequently, income tax expense is a function of the allocation of taxable income by jurisdiction and the various activities that impact the timing of taxable events. Section 280E of the U.S. Tax Code prohibits businesses from deducting certain expenses associated with trafficking-controlled substances (within the meaning of Schedule I and II of the CSA). The Internal Revenue Service of the United States (“IRS”) has invoked section 280E of the U.S. Tax Code in tax audits against various cannabis businesses in the United States that are permitted under applicable state laws. Although the IRS issued a clarification allowing the deduction of certain expenses, the scope of such items is interpreted very narrowly, and the bulk of operating costs and general administrative costs are not permissible deductions. As a result, we will have an effective tax rate in the U.S. significantly higher than the rate typically applicable to U.S. corporations. While there are currently several pending cases before various U.S. administrative and federal courts challenging these restrictions, there can be no assurance that these courts will issue an interpretation of Section 280E of the U.S. Tax Code favorable to cannabis businesses.

Three-Months Ended September 30, 2021

Revenue from sale of goods

Revenue for the three months ended September 30, 2021 from the Company’s retail and wholesale sales are $23,126, which is an increase of $10,716 or 86% compared to $12,410 for the three months ended September 30, 2020. This increase is primarily due to sales from the Calumet City, IL dispensary that opened in December 2020, sales from the Brookline, MA dispensary that opened in August 2021, and increased sales from the other two Massachusetts dispensaries.

Revenue from the sale of equipment and supplies to third party cannabis operators was $1,260 for the three months ended September 30, 2021 as compared to $1,474 for the three months ended September 2020. This $214 or 15% decrease is due to normal fluctuation in revenue between quarters and future revenue is expected to remain at 2021 levels.

Revenue from the CBD Wellness segment is $413 for the three months ended September 30, 2021 as compared to $2,631 for the three months ended September 30, 2020. The revenue decrease of $2,218 is largely attributable to changes in marketing strategy prioritizing profitable growth with a focus on achieving positive cash flow.

Real Estate Income

Real estate income for the three months ended September 30, 2021 is $2,815 which is relatively flat from $2,883 for the three months ended September 30, 2020.

Cost of Goods Sold

Cost of goods sold (“COGS”) for the three months ended September 30, 2021 is $10,269, an increase of $4,208 or 69%%, from $6,061 for the same period ended September 30, 2020. The difference in percentage increases is attributable to the margin benefits of increased sales on internally produced products.

Gross Profit

Gross profit margin for the three months ended September 30, 2021 is 56% compared to 55% for the same period ended 2020. The $6,440 increase in gross profit margin is due to lower COGS from internally produced products.

Total Operating Expenses

Total operating expense for the three months ended September 30, 2021 is $16,596, an increase of $6,319 from $10,277 for the period ended 2020. This increase is primarily due to: $1.9 million greater sales & marketing expenses due to the new dispensaries and increased retail staffing to meet adult-use sales demand; $3.3 million greater general and administrative expenses largely attributable to start-up costs for the opening of the Commerce Facility; $1.1 million greater equity based compensation expense.

Total Other Income (Expense)

Net other income for the three months ended September 30, 2021 increased $6,052 to $871 from a $5,181 net expense in the same period ended 2020. The overall net increase in other income is due to a $3.3 million in change in fair value of derivative liability and $2.1 million lower interest expense after debt was repaid with proceeds from sales leasebacks.

Net Income (Loss) Before Income Taxes

Net loss before taxes and non-controlling interest for the three months ended September 30, 2021 is $53, which is a $6,173 decrease compared to the $6,226 net loss before income taxes for the three months ended September 30, 2020 due the reasons explained above.

Nine-Months Ended September 30, 2021

Revenue from sale of goods

Revenue for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 from the Company’s retail and wholesale sales increased $35,526 or 111% to $67,658 compared to $32,132 for the three months ended September 30, 2020. This increase is primarily due to sales from the Calumet City, IL dispensary that opened in December 2020, sales from the Brookline, MA dispensary that opened in August 2021, and higher sales across other dispensaries with Michigan and Massachusetts dispensaries benefitting from a full nine months of adult-use sales in 2021.

Revenue from the sale of equipment and supplies to third party cannabis operators was $3,628 for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 as compared to $3,238 for the nine months ended September 2020. This $390 or 12% increase is due to normal fluctuation in revenue between periods and future revenue is expected to remain at 2021 levels.

Revenue from the CBD Wellness segment is $1,959 for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 as compared to $6,090 for the similar period ended 2020. This revenue decrease of $4,130 or 68% largely attributable to changes in marketing strategy prioritizing profitable growth with a focus on achieving positive cash flow.

Real Estate Income

Real estate income for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 is $8,374, which is relatively flat from $8,514 recognized during the similar period ended September 30, 2020.

Cost of Goods Sold

COGS for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 is $30,210, an increase of $11,454 or 61%, from $18,756 for the period ended September 30, 2020. The favorable percentage increase as compared to 111%% in revenue growth was due to the margin benefits from increased sales of internally produced products.

Gross Profit

Gross profit margin for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 is 51% compared to 42% for the period ended 2020. The increase in gross profit margin is due to lower COGS from internally developed products.

Total Operating Expenses

Total operating expense for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 is $45,725, an increase of $10,800 from $34,925 for the period ended 2020. This increase is primarily due to $4.1 million greater equity based compensation, $5.4 million greater general and administrative expense, and $1.7 million greater selling and marketing expense.

Total Other Income (Expense)

Net other expense for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 increased $2,037 to $11,448 from $9,411 in the similar period ended 2020. The overall net increase in other expense for the period is due to $2.9 million in change in fair value of derivative liability and $2.7 million from the settlement of a business dispute in 2020, offset by a decrease in interest expense of $3.8 million due refinancing via sales leaseback transactions.

Net Income (Loss) Before Income Taxes

Net loss before taxes and non-controlling interest for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 is $11,351 compared to $22,446 for the similar period ended 2020, an improvement of $19,073. due the reasons explained above.

Non-GAAP Financial and Performance Measures

In addition to providing financial measurements based on GAAP, the Company provides additional financial metrics that are not prepared in accordance with GAAP. Management uses non-GAAP financial measures, in addition to GAAP financial measures, to understand and compare operating results across accounting periods, for financial and operational decision making, for planning and forecasting purposes and to evaluate the Company’s financial performance. The Company utilizes the non-GAAP financial measurement of Adjusted EBITDA, which management believes reflects the Company’s ongoing business in a manner that allows for meaningful comparisons and analysis of trends in the business, as it facilitates comparing financial results across accounting periods. Management also believes that this non-GAAP financial measure enables investors to evaluate the Company’s operating results and future prospects in the same manner as management. This non-GAAP financial measure may also exclude expenses and gains that may be unusual in nature, infrequent or not reflective of the Company’s ongoing operating results. As there are no standardized methods of calculating these non-GAAP measures, the Company’s methods may differ from those used by others, and accordingly, the use of this measurement may not be directly comparable to similarly titled measures used by others. Accordingly, non-GAAP measures are intended to provide additional information and should not be considered in isolation or as a substitute for measures of performance prepared in accordance with GAAP.

Adjusted EBITDA

Adjusted EBITDA is defined by the Company as earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization, share-based compensation expense, other non-cash expenses, and one-time charges related to acquisition costs, financing related costs, extraordinary

pre-opening expenses and non-recurring expenses. 4Front considers these measures to be an important indicator of the financial strength and performance of its business. The following table reconciles Pro Forma Adjusted EBITDA to its closest GAAP measure.

	Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2021			2020
Net Loss from Continuing Operations (GAAP)	$	(21,896	)	$	(27,873	)
Interest income		(13	)		(71	)
Interest expense		7,894			11,691
Amortization of loan discount upon conversion of debt to equity		2,915			—
Income tax expense		10,545			5,427
Depreciation and amortization		3,667			7,148
Accretion		—			(274	)
Equity based compensation		7,978			3,792
Change in value of derivative liability		(502	)		—
Non-cash lease expense		2,203			—
Loss on lease termination		1,210			1,210
Commerce facility pre-opening expense		2,035			—
Legal settlements and other fair value adjustements		—			(2,209	)
Acquisition, transaction, and other one-time costs		4,854			1,974
Adjusted EBITDA (Non-GAAP)	$	20,891		$	815

Liquidity and Capital Resources

As of September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, the Company had total current liabilities of $45,923 and $37,784, respectively and current assets of $43,267 and $44,736, respectively to meet its current obligations. As of September 30, 2021, the Company’s working capital is $(6,697), a $13,649 decrease as compared to December 31, 2020, driven primarily by construction costs to complete the Commerce facility.

Specific factors affecting the Company’s liquidity are:

•

A loan due to LI Lending, LLC (see Note 11 of the Financial Statements entitled Related Party Transactions) with a balance of $47,588 at September 30, 2021 is due in May 2024.

The Company is generating cash from retail sales and the opening of the Commerce facility is expected to generate additional cash to meet the needs of the Company. The Company may raise capital through equity offerings or the issuance of convertible debt to meet future capital requirements.

Cash Flows

Cash Flow from Operating Activities

Net cash provided in continued operating activities is $3,968 for the nine months ended September 30, 2021, an increase of $3,146 as compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2020. The increase is due to higher sales at the Company’s dispensaries, corporate cost reductions, and improved sell-through in vertically-integrated locations.

Cash Flow from Investing Activities

Net cash used in continued investing activities is $(12,745) for the nine months ended September 30, 2021, an increase of $1,742 as compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2020. The increase is primarily due to additional purchases of property and equipment during the nine months ended September 30, 2021, as compared to the same period in the prior year.

Cash Flow from Financing Activities

Net cash used by financing activities is $1,678 for the nine months ended September 30, 2021, a decrease of $657 as compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2020. The decrease is primarily attributed to decreases in equity issuance in the period as compared to the same period in the prior year.

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

We do not have any off-balance sheet arrangements that have or are reasonably likely to have a current or future effect on our financial condition, changes in financial condition, revenues or expenses, results of operations, liquidity or capital expenditures or capital resources that is material to an investor in our securities.

Critical Accounting Policies

We review new accounting standards as issued. Although some of these accounting standards issued or effective after the end of our previous fiscal year may be applicable to the Company, we have not identified any standards that we believe merit further discussion. We do not expect the adoption of any recently issued accounting pronouncements to have a significant impact on our financial position, results of operations, or cash flows.

Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk.

As a “smaller reporting company” as defined by Item 10 of Regulation S-K, the Company is not required to provide information required by this Item.

Item 4. Controls and Procedures.

Evaluation of Disclosure Control and Procedures

As required by Rule 13a-15 under the Exchange Act, our management has carried out an evaluation, with the participation and under the supervision of our Chief Executive Officer (“CEO”) and Chief Financial Officer (“CFO”), of the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures as of September 30, 2021. Disclosure controls and procedures refer to controls and other procedures designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in the reports we file or submit under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the rules and forms of the SEC and that such information is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our CEO and CFO, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. In designing and evaluating our disclosure controls and procedures, management recognizes that any controls and procedures, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable assurance of achieving the desired control objectives, and management is required to apply its judgment in evaluating and implementing possible controls and procedures.

Material Weaknesses

A material weakness is a deficiency, or a combination of deficiencies, within the meaning of Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (“PCAOB”) Auditing Standard 2201, in internal control over financial reporting, such that there is a reasonable possibility that a material misstatement of the Company's annual or interim financial statements will not be prevented or detected on a timely basis.

Material Weaknesses in Internal Control

The Company did not fully design and implement effective control activities based on the criteria established in the COSO framework. The Company has identified deficiencies that constitute a material weakness, either individually or in the aggregate. This material weakness is attributable to the following factors:

•

We did not have sufficient accounting staff resources to timely perform closing and audit related procedures.

•

We did not have effective controls over the review procedures for balance sheet account reconciliations and manual journal entries.

•

We did not have documented evidence of review procedures and did not have sufficient segregation of duties within our accounting function.

Due to the existence of the above material weakness, management, including the CEO and CFO, has concluded that our internal control over financial reporting was not effective as of December 31, 2020. This material weakness creates a reasonable possibility that a material misstatement to the consolidated financial statements will not be prevented or detected on a timely basis.

Management conducted its evaluation of disclosure controls and procedures under the supervision of our CEO and CFO. Based upon, and as of the date of this evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer have concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were not effective as of September 30, 2021 due to the material weaknesses listed above under “Material Weakness in Internal Control”.

We plan to take steps to remediate these material weaknesses as soon as practicable by implementing a plan to improve our internal control over financial reporting including, but not limited to:

•

The Company will assess sufficient resources, both in accounting staff and related technology, needed to timely perform closing and audit related procedures and align identified resources.

•

The Company will assess controls needed to effectively review procedures for balance sheet account reconciliations and manual journal entries and implement identified controls.

•

The Company will assess review procedures to have sufficient segregation of duties within our accounting function, then standardize and document such procedures for evidence of review.

Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting

Except for the matters described above, there have been no changes in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting during the last quarterly period covered by this report that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.

Inherent Limitations on Effectiveness of Controls

Management recognizes that a control system, no matter how well conceived and operated, can provide only reasonable, not absolute, assurance that the objectives of the control system are met. Further, the design of a control system must reflect the fact that there are resource constraints, and the benefits of controls must be considered relative to their costs. Because of the inherent limitations in all control systems, no evaluation of controls can provide absolute assurance that all control issues and instances of fraud or error, if any, have been detected. These inherent limitations include the realities that judgments in decision making can be faulty, and that breakdowns can occur because of a simple error or mistake. Additionally, controls can be circumvented by the individual acts of some persons, by collusion of two or more people, or by management override of the controls. The design of any system of controls also is based in part upon certain assumptions about the likelihood of future events, and there can be no assurance that any design will succeed in achieving its stated goals under all potential future conditions; over time, controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or the degree of compliance with policies or procedures may deteriorate. Because of the inherent limitations in a cost-effective control system, misstatements due to error or fraud may occur and not be detected.

PART II—OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1. Legal Proceedings.

On March 2, 2021, the Company received correspondence from Brothers for Life LLC asserting that the Company was obligated to make a $200,000 payment pursuant to a June 18, 2019 Fee Agreement (the "Fee Agreement") entered into between Brothers for Life LLC and Cannex Capital Holdings Inc. (which was the entity acquired by the Company in its Reverse Takeover Transaction, consummated July 31, 2019). As the Company believes that Brothers for Life LLC’s claim has no merit, and that no payment is due under the Fee Agreement, the Company has declined to make the $200,000 payment to Brothers for Life LLC, and instead intends to pursue its rights under the Fee Agreement vigorously.

On August 5, 2019, Richard Hernandez and Commerce Citizens Against Marijuana Corruption (the “Complainants”) filed a complaint (Superior Court of California Case No. 19ST-CV-27029) and writ of mandamus against the City of Commerce, California and certain of its officials alleging procedural errors committed by the City in relation to certain development agreements granted to 22 cannabis operators allowing such operators to operate various cannabis businesses in the City of Commerce. Cannex Holdings (California), Inc., a wholly owned subsidiary of the Company, is one such operator that was named as a Real Party in Interest in the case, and as such, engaged counsel to defend its interests relating to the claims brought against the City of Commerce, California. On April 15, 2021, the court in the matter ruled on a demurrer where certain of the Complainants’ claims were dismissed. Additionally, a writ of mandamus hearing (subject to an application for continuance being sought on August 17, 2021) was scheduled for September 30, 2021. If the Complainants’ remaining claims were upheld (including through appeals), the City of Commerce could have been required to reissue the “ordinances”, “Development Agreements” or other applicable license rights to the current license holders. While the City of Commerce stated in no uncertain terms that it would act immediately to ensure/restore fully licensed status of any of the affected operators, there could be no assurances that such relicensing would be successful or if successful would not result in a significant disruption of operations for the operators. As a result, the Company entered into a confidential settlement with Complainants on or around September 22, 2021 and the matter was dismissed with prejudice as to the Company.

On July 19, 2019, Superior Gardens LLC (d/b/a Northwest Cannabis Solutions) (“NWCS”), which among other things, is an operating tenant that leases a facility from the Company in Tumwater, Washington, received administrative violation notices (“AVNs”) in which the Washington State Liquor and Cannabis Board (“WSLCB”) charged that NWCS had violated certain regulations. The sole owner of NWCS was a related party of Cannex. However, upon the Company’s acquisition of Cannex on July 31, 2019, management determined the sole owner no longer had significant influence in the Company thus removing consideration of NWCS as a related party.

On March 31, 2021, NWCS brought a declaratory action against the WSLCB in Thurston County Superior Court asserting that the reduction in WSLCB penalties brought about by enforcement reform legislation passed in Washington State in 2019 should apply to NWCS’s pending AVNs. On October 5, 2021, the court agreed and issued an order enjoining the WSLCB from seeking penalties beyond the current penalty table. On November 2, 2021, the parties reached settlement wherein NWCS would pay the WSLCB $6,250 in penalties, in line with the current penalty table. The settlement was approved by the WSLCB, and the amount has been paid, resolving all outstanding AVNs.

Apart from the foregoing and ongoing legal proceedings, from time to time, we may be subject to various other legal proceedings and claims that are routine and incidental to our business. Although some of the legal proceedings set forth herein may result in adverse decisions or settlements, Management believes that the final disposition of such matters will not have a material adverse effect on our business, financial position, results of operations or cash flows.

Item 1A. Risk Factors.

As a “smaller reporting company” as defined by Item 10 of Regulation S-K, we are not required to provide information required by this Item.

Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds.

The Company did not issue any unregistered equity securities during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021.

Item 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities.

None.

Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures.

Not applicable.

Item 5. Other Information.

There is no other information required to be disclosed under this item which was not previously disclosed.

Item 6. Exhibits.

		Incorporated by Reference
Exhibit Number	Exhibit Description	Form	Filing Date	Exhibit Number	Filed Herewith

31.1	Certification of the Chief Executive Officer (Principal Executive Officer) pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) of the Securities Exchange Act				x

31.2	Certification of the Chief Financial Officer (Principal Financial Officer) pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) of the Securities Exchange Act				x

32.1	Certification of Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer Pursuant to Rule 13a-14(b) Under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 and Section 1350 of Chapter 60 of Title 18 of the United States Code *				x

101.INS	Inline XBRL Instance Document – the instance document does not appear in the Interactive Data File because XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document

101.SCH	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document

101.CAL	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document

101.DEF	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document

101.LAB	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document

101.PRE	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document

104	Cover Page Interactive Data File (embedded within the Inline XBRL document)

Document has been furnished, is not deemed filed and is not to be incorporated by reference into any of the Company’s filings under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, irrespective of any general incorporation language contained in any such filing.

SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

	4Front Ventures Corp.

Date: November 17, 2021	By:	/s/ Leo Gontmakher
		Leo Gontmakher
		Chief Executive Officer and Director (Principal Executive Officer)

Date: November 17, 2021	By:	/s/ Andrew Thut
		Andrew Thut
		Chief Investment Officer and Interim Chief Financial Officer
		(Principal Financial Officer)