ACURA PHARMACEUTICALS, INC - Quarter Report: 2007 September (Form 10-Q)
SECURITIES
AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington,
D.C. 20649
Form
10-Q
(Mark
One)
þ
|
QUARTERLY
REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE
ACT OF
1934.
|
For
the quarterly period ended September 30, 2007
or
¨
|
TRANSACTION
REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(D) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE
ACT OF
1934
|
For
the transition period from _________________ to
_________________
Commission
File Number 1-10113
Acura
Pharmaceuticals, Inc.
(Exact
name of registrant as specified in its charter)
New
York
|
11-0853640
|
|
(State
or other Jurisdiction of
|
(I.R.S.
Employer Identification No.)
|
|
incorporation
or organization)
|
||
616
N. North Court, Suite 120
|
||
Palatine,
Illinois
|
60067
|
|
(Address
of Principal Executive Offices)
|
(Zip
Code)
|
847
705 7709
(Registrant's
telephone number, including area code)
(Former
name, former address and former fiscal year, if changed since last
report.)
Indicate
by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to
be
filed by Section 13 or 15 (d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during
the
preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required
to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements
for
the past 90 days.
Yes
þ
No
o
Indicate
by check mark whether the registrant is an accelerated filer (as defined in
Rule
12b-2 of the Exchange Act).
Yes
o
No
þ
As
of
November 2, 2007 the registrant had 427,056,493 shares of Common Stock, $.01
par
value, outstanding.
ACURA
PHARMACEUTICALS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARY
INDEX
PART
1. FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Page
No.
|
||||
Item
1.
|
Financial
Statements (Unaudited)
|
|||
Consolidated
Balance Sheets September 30, 2007 and December 31, 2006
|
3
|
|||
|
||||
Consolidated
Statements of Operations Three months and nine months ended September
30,
2007 and September 30, 2006
|
4
|
|||
|
||||
Consolidated
Statement of Stockholders’ Equity or (Deficit) Nine months ended September
30, 2007
|
5
|
|||
|
||||
Consolidated
Statements of Cash Flows Nine months ended September 30, 2007 and
September 30, 2006
|
6
|
|||
|
||||
Notes
to Consolidated Financial Statements
|
8
|
|||
|
||||
Item
2.
|
Management's
Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
...
|
17
|
||
|
||||
Item
4.
|
Controls
and Procedures
|
31
|
||
|
||||
PART
II. OTHER INFORMATION
|
|
|||
|
||||
Item
1A.
|
Risk
Factors Relating to the Company
|
31
|
||
|
||||
Item
2.
|
Unregistered
Sale of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds
|
32
|
||
|
||||
Item
6.
|
Exhibits
|
33
|
||
|
||||
Signatures
|
34
|
-2-
PART
I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Item
1. Financial
Statements
ACURA
PHARMACEUTICALS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARY
CONSOLIDATED
BALANCE SHEETS
UNAUDITED
(in
thousands, except par values)
September
30,
2007 |
December
31,
2006 |
||||||
ASSETS
|
|||||||
CURRENT
ASSETS
|
|||||||
Cash
and cash equivalents
|
$
|
12,045
|
$
|
228
|
|||
Prepaid
clinical study costs
|
1,249
|
-
|
|||||
Prepaid
insurance
|
202
|
179
|
|||||
Prepaid
expenses and other current assets
|
11
|
60
|
|||||
Total
current assets
|
13,507
|
467
|
|||||
PROPERTY,
PLANT & EQUIPMENT, NET
|
1,090
|
1,145
|
|||||
DEPOSITS
|
7
|
7
|
|||||
TOTAL
ASSETS
|
$
|
14,604
|
$
|
1,619
|
|||
LIABILITIES
AND STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY
|
|||||||
CURRENT
LIABILITIES
|
|||||||
Senior
secured convertible bridge term notes, net
|
$
|
-
|
$
|
7,005
|
|||
Conversion
features on bridge term notes
|
-
|
16,750
|
|||||
Secured
term note
|
-
|
5,000
|
|||||
Current
maturities of capital lease obligations
|
13
|
25
|
|||||
Accrued
expenses
|
412
|
328
|
|||||
Total
current liabilities
|
425
|
29,108
|
|||||
SECURED
TERM NOTE
|
4,992
|
-
|
|||||
DEFERRED
INTEREST PAYABLE
|
145
|
-
|
|||||
COMMON
STOCK WARRANTS
|
-
|
10,784
|
|||||
CAPITAL
LEASE OBLIGATIONS, less current maturities
|
-
|
7
|
|||||
TOTAL
LIABILITIES
|
5,562
|
39,899
|
|||||
COMMITMENTS
AND CONTINGENCIES
|
|||||||
STOCKHOLDERS'
EQUITY (DEFICIT)
|
|||||||
Common
stock - $.01 par value; 650,000 shares authorized; 426,756 and
330,998
shares issued and outstanding at September 30, 2007 and December
31, 2006,
respectively
|
4,268
|
3,310
|
|||||
Convertible
preferred stock - $.01 par value; 72,027 shares authorized and
available
for issuance
|
-
|
-
|
|||||
Additional
paid-in capital
|
336,154
|
275,953
|
|||||
Accumulated
deficit
|
(331,380
|
)
|
(317,543
|
)
|
|||
STOCKHOLDERS’
EQUITY (DEFICIT)
|
9,042
|
(38,280
|
)
|
||||
TOTAL
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
|
$
|
14,604
|
$
|
1,619
|
See
accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statements.
-3-
ACURA
PHARMACEUTICALS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARY
CONSOLIDATED
STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
UNAUDITED
(in
thousands, except per share data)
For
the nine months
ended
September 30,
|
For
the three months
ended
September 30,
|
||||||||||||
2007
|
2006
|
2007
|
2006
|
||||||||||
Research
and development
|
$
|
2,775
|
$
|
4,174
|
$
|
827
|
$
|
1,630
|
|||||
Marketing,
general and administrative
|
1,959
|
4,754
|
593
|
1,031
|
|||||||||
LOSS
FROM OPERATIONS
|
(4,734
|
)
|
(8,928
|
)
|
(1,420
|
)
|
(2,661
|
)
|
|||||
Other
Income (Expense)
|
|||||||||||||
Interest
expense
|
(1,113
|
)
|
(800
|
)
|
(294
|
)
|
(305
|
)
|
|||||
Interest
income
|
80
|
14
|
70
|
4
|
|||||||||
Amortization
of debt discount
|
(2,700
|
)
|
-
|
(598
|
)
|
-
|
|||||||
Loss
on fair value change of conversion features
|
(3,483
|
)
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
||||||||
Loss
on fair value change of common stock warrants
|
(1,904
|
)
|
-
|
(236
|
)
|
-
|
|||||||
Gain
(loss) on asset disposals
|
22
|
(10
|
)
|
2
|
7
|
||||||||
Other
expense
|
(2
|
)
|
(142
|
)
|
-
|
(142
|
)
|
||||||
TOTAL
OTHER EXPENSE
|
(9,100
|
)
|
(938
|
)
|
(1,056
|
)
|
(436
|
)
|
|||||
NET
LOSS
|
$
|
(13,834
|
)
|
$
|
(9,866
|
)
|
$
|
(2,476
|
)
|
$
|
(3,097
|
)
|
|
Basic
and diluted loss per share allocable
to common stockholders (Note 7)
|
$
|
(0.04
|
)
|
$
|
(0.03
|
)
|
$
|
(0.01
|
)
|
$
|
(0.01
|
)
|
|
Weighted
average shares used in computing basic and diluted loss per share
allocable to common stockholders (Note 7)
|
369,982
|
342,039
|
401,553
|
346,354
|
See
accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statements.
-4-
ACURA
PHARMACEUTICALS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARY
CONSOLIDATED
STATEMENT OF STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY or (DEFICIT)
NINE
MONTHS ENDED SEPTEMBER 30, 2007
UNAUDITED
(in
thousands, except par values)
Common
Stock
$0.01
Par Value -
Shares
|
Common
Stock
$0.01
Par Value -
Amount
|
Additional
Paid-in
Capital
|
Accumulated
Deficit
|
Total
|
||||||||||||
Balance
at December 31, 2006
|
330,998
|
$
|
3,310
|
$
|
275,953
|
$
|
(317,543
|
)
|
$
|
(38,280
|
)
|
|||||
Net
loss
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
(13,834
|
)
|
(13,834
|
)
|
|||||||||
Deemed
dividend related to debt modification
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
(3
|
)
|
(3
|
)
|
|||||||||
Reclassification
of conversion feature value
|
-
|
-
|
21,086
|
-
|
21,086
|
|||||||||||
Reclassification
of common stock warrant value
|
-
|
-
|
12,453
|
-
|
12,453
|
|||||||||||
Conversion
feature value of issued debt
|
-
|
-
|
1,788
|
-
|
1,788
|
|||||||||||
Stock
based compensation
|
-
|
-
|
874
|
-
|
874
|
|||||||||||
Net
proceeds from unit offering
|
55,555
|
556
|
13,590
|
-
|
14,146
|
|||||||||||
Conversion
of bridge loan notes payable, net
|
39,052
|
391
|
9,609
|
-
|
10,000
|
|||||||||||
Issuance
of common stock for interest
|
837
|
8
|
804
|
-
|
812
|
|||||||||||
Issuance
of common stock for cashless exercise of common stock
warrants
|
314
|
3
|
(3
|
)
|
-
|
-
|
||||||||||
Balance
at September 30, 2007
|
426,756
|
$
|
4,268
|
$
|
336,154
|
$
|
(331,380
|
)
|
$
|
9,042
|
See
accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statements.
-5-
ACURA
PHARMACEUTICALS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARY
CONSOLIDATED
STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
FOR
THE NINE MONTHS ENDED SEPTEMBER 30,
UNAUDITED
(in
thousands, except supplemental disclosures)
|
2007
|
2006
|
|||||
Cash
flows from Operating Activities:
|
|||||||
Net
loss
|
$
|
(13,834
|
)
|
$
|
(9,866
|
)
|
|
Adjustments
to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating
activities
|
|||||||
Depreciation
and amortization
|
87
|
89
|
|||||
Amortization
of debt discount
|
2,700
|
-
|
|||||
Loss
on fair value change of conversion features
|
3,483
|
-
|
|||||
Loss
on fair value change of common stock warrants
|
1,904
|
-
|
|||||
Common
stock issued for interest
|
812
|
596
|
|||||
Non-cash
stock compensation expense
|
874
|
5,096
|
|||||
(Gain)
loss on asset disposals
|
(22
|
)
|
10
|
||||
Changes
in assets and liabilities
|
|||||||
Prepaid
expenses and other current assets
|
(1,223
|
)
|
(58
|
)
|
|||
Accrued
expenses
|
231
|
430
|
|||||
Total
adjustments
|
8,846
|
6,163
|
|||||
Net
cash used in operating activities
|
(4,988
|
)
|
(3,703
|
)
|
|||
Cash
flows from Investing Activities:
|
|||||||
Capital
expenditures
|
(32
|
)
|
(21
|
)
|
|||
Proceeds
from asset disposals
|
22
|
69
|
|||||
Net
cash (used in) provided by investing activities
|
(10
|
)
|
48
|
||||
Cash
flows from Financing Activities:
|
|||||||
Proceeds
from issuance of senior secured term notes payable
|
2,696
|
3,574
|
|||||
Proceeds
from the exercise of stock options
|
-
|
72
|
|||||
Proceeds
(net) from the unit offering
|
14,146
|
-
|
|||||
Repayments
of bridge loans
|
(8
|
)
|
-
|
||||
Payments
on capital lease obligations
|
(19
|
)
|
(23
|
)
|
|||
Net
cash provided by financing activities
|
16,815
|
3,623
|
|||||
Increase
(decrease) in cash and cash equivalents
|
11,817
|
(32
|
)
|
||||
Cash
and cash equivalents at beginning of period
|
228
|
260
|
|||||
Cash
and cash equivalents at end of period
|
$
|
12,045
|
$
|
228
|
|||
Cash
paid for interest
|
$
|
156
|
$
|
201
|
See
accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statements.
-6-
ACURA
PHARMACEUTICALS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARY
CONSOLIDATED
STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS (CONTINUED)
SUPPLEMENTAL
DISCLOSURES OF NONCASH
INVESTING
AND FINANCING ACTIVITIES
UNAUDITED
(in
thousands, except supplemental disclosures)
Nine
Months ended September 30, 2007
1.
|
The
Company issued 475,522 shares of common stock valued at $460,000
as
payment of Senior Secured Convertible Bridge Term Notes Payable accrued
interest.
|
2.
|
The
Company issued 361,505 shares of common stock valued at $352,000
as
payment of Secured Term Note Payable accrued
interest.
|
3.
|
Warrants
to purchase an aggregate 580,092 shares of common stock were exercised
at
exercise prices between $0.12 and $0.66 per share in a series of
cashless
exercise transactions resulting in the issuance of aggregate 313,616
shares of common stock.
|
4.
|
The
issuance of $896,000 Senior Secured Convertible Bridge term Notes
during
the period January 1, 2007 through March 29, 2007 included conversion
features measured at $849,000, which resulted in the recording of
an equal
amount of debt discount and conversion feature liabilities.
|
5.
|
The
change in all separated conversion feature’s fair value through March 30,
2007 resulted in a loss of $3,483,000. Due to a debt agreement
modification on March 30, 2007, the then current conversion feature
fair
value of $21,086,000 was reclassified from liabilities to
equity.
|
6.
|
The
issuance of $1,800,000 of Senior Secured Bridge Term Notes included
conversion features measured at $1,552,000, which resulted in a recording
of an equal amount of debt discount to
equity.
|
7.
|
The
change in the common stock warrants’ fair value through the earlier of
their exercise date or March 30, 2007 resulted in a loss of 1,668,000.
Due
to a debt agreement modification on March 30, 2007, the then current
fair
value of all 15,921,000 outstanding common stock warrants of $12,307,000
was reclassified from liabilities to equity, as was $146,000 of such
value
related to warrants exercised during the
period.
|
8.
|
Anti-dilution
provisions in certain warrant grants were triggered resulting in
a loss of
$236,000 with an equal amount recorded against
equity.
|
9.
|
Senior
Secured Convertible Bridge Term Notes Payable of $10,544,000, less
unamortized debt discount of $544,000 was converted into 39,051,844
shares
of common stock.
|
Nine
Months ended September 30, 2006
1.
|
The
Company issued 653,284 shares of Common Stock as payment of $463,000
of
Secured Term Note Payable accrued
interest.
|
2.
|
The
Company issued 193,447 shares of Common Stock as payment of $133,000
of
Bridge Loan accrued interest.
|
3.
|
Warrants
to purchase 165,934 shares of Common Stock were exercised in March
2006 at
an exercise price of $0.48 per share in a cashless exercise transaction
resulting in the issuance of 19,065 shares of Common
Stock.
|
4.
|
Warrants
to purchase 30,698 shares of Common Stock were exercised in May 2006
at an
exercise price of $0.47 per share in a cashless exercise transaction
resulting in the issuance of 4,729 shares of Common
Stock.
|
5.
|
A
warrant to purchase 150,000 shares of Common Stock was modified due
to its
anti-dilution clause resulting in a $142,000 stock compensation
expense.
|
See
accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statements.
-7-
ACURA
PHARMACEUTICALS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARY
NOTES
TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
SEPTEMBER
30, 2007 AND 2006
NOTE
1 - BASIS OF PRESENTATION
The
accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements of Acura
Pharmaceuticals, Inc. and subsidiary (the "Company") have been prepared in
accordance with generally accepted accounting principles for interim financial
information and with the instructions to Form 10-Q and Rule 10-01 of Regulation
S-X. Accordingly, they do not include all of the information and footnotes
required by accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of
America for complete financial statements. In the opinion of management, all
adjustments, consisting of normal recurring accrual adjustments, considered
necessary to present fairly the financial position as of September 30, 2007
and
results of operations and cash flows for the three and nine months ended
September 30, 2007, assuming that the Company will continue as a going concern,
have been made. The results of operations for the three and nine month period
ended September 30, 2007 are not necessarily indicative of the results that
may
be expected for the full year ending December 31, 2007. The unaudited
consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the
consolidated financial statements and footnotes thereto for the year ended
December 31, 2006 included in the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K filed
with the Securities and Exchange Commission.
The
year-end consolidated balance sheet was derived from the audited consolidated
financial statements, but does not include all disclosures required by generally
accepted accounting principles.
NOTE
2 - LIQUIDITY MATTERS
The
accompanying unaudited financial statements have been prepared assuming the
Company will continue as a going concern. On
August
20, 2007, the Company entered into a Securities Purchase Agreement with the
investors named therein and issued to such investors an aggregate of 23,605,551
units at a price of $1.08 per unit (the “Unit Offering”). See “Item 2.
Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of
Operations - Unit Offering” for a description of the Unit Offering. Giving
effect to the Unit Offering, at September 30, 2007, the Company had cash and
cash equivalents of $12.0 million, working
capital of $13.1 million, and an accumulated deficit of $331.1 million. At
December 31, 2006, the Company had cash and cash equivalents of $0.2 million,
working
capital deficit of $28.6
million
and an accumulated
deficit of $317.5 million.
The
Company incurred a loss from operations of $4.7 million and a net loss of $13.6
million during the nine months ended September 30, 2007 and a loss from
operations of $10.8 million
and a net loss of $6.0 million
during the year ended December 31, 2006. Historically,
the Company has incurred significant losses.
On
October 30, 2007, the Company and King Pharmaceuticals Research and Development,
Inc. (“King”), a
wholly-owned subsidiary of King Pharmaceuticals, Inc., entered into a License,
Development and Commercialization Agreement (the “Agreement”).
Among
other things, the Agreement provides that the Company will receive an upfront
non-refundable cash payment of $30 million upon closing of the transaction.
Closing of the transaction is subject to the receipt of approval under the
Hart-Scott-Rodino Antitrust Improvements Act. See Note 12 of this Report under
the caption "King Agreement" for a description of the Agreement and related
risks and uncertainties.
On
November 1, 2007, the Company had cash and cash equivalents of approximately
$11.3 million, including the proceeds from a July 2007 Bridge Loan and the
Unit
Offering. The Company estimates that current cash reserves will fund operating
activities through September 2008. To fund further operations and product
development activities, the Company must complete the closing of the transaction
contemplated by the Agreement with King and receive the $30 million upfront
payment contemplated by such Agreement. As of the date of this Report, the
conditions to closing have not been satisfied and no payments had been received
by the Company under the Agreement. Notwithstanding the execution of the
Agreement with King there can be no assurance that the Company's product
development efforts will result in commercially viable products or that the
conditions to the Company’s receipt of the payments provided for in the
Agreement will be satisfied. The Company's failure to successfully develop
the
Aversion®
Technology in a timely manner and to avoid infringing patents and other
intellectual property rights of third parties will have a material adverse
impact on its financial condition and results of operations.
-8-
NOTE
3 - NEW ACCOUNTING PRONOUNCEMENTS
In
July
2006, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Interpretation
No. 48 regarding "Accounting for Uncertainty in Income Taxes," an interpretation
of FASB Statement No. 109 ("FIN 48"), defining the threshold for recognizing
the
benefits of tax-return positions in the financial statements as
"more-likely-than-not" to be sustained by the taxing authorities. The Company
has reviewed its tax positions for tax years 2003 through 2005 and the adoption
of FIN 48 on January 1, 2007 did not result in establishing a contingent tax
liability reserve or a corresponding charge to retained earnings. The Company
has substantial tax benefits derived from its net operating loss carryforwards
but has provided 100% valuation allowances against such tax benefits as
described in Note 5.
In
September 2006, the FASB issued Statement of Financial Accounting Standards
157,
“Fair Value Measurements (“SFAS 157”). SFAS 157 defines fair value, establishes
a framework for measuring fair value under generally accepted accounting
principles, and expands disclosures about fair value measurements. SFAS 157
is
effective for financial statements issued for fiscal years beginning after
November 15, 2007, and interim periods within those fiscal years. The Company
is
currently evaluating the impact the adoption of this statement could have on
its
financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.
In
February 2007, the FASB issued SFAS No. 159, “The Fair Value Option for
Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities-Including an amendment of FASB
Statement No. 115”, (“SFAS 159”), which permits companies to measure many
financial instruments and certain other items at fair value at specified
election dates. Unrealized gains and losses on these items will be reported
in
earnings at each subsequent reporting date. The fair value option may be applied
instrument by instrument (with a few exceptions), is irrevocable and is applied
only to entire instruments and not to portions of instruments. SFAS No. 159
is effective for fiscal years beginning after November 15, 2007. The
Company is currently assessing the impact of SFAS No. 159 on its financial
statements.
NOTE
4 -
RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
Research
and Development (“R&D”) expenses include internal R&D activities,
external Contract Research Organization (“CRO”) activities, and other
activities. Internal R&D activity expenses include facility overhead,
equipment and facility maintenance and repairs, depreciation, laboratory
supplies, pre-clinical laboratory experiments, depreciation, salaries, benefits,
incentive compensation, and other administrative expenses. CRO activity expenses
include preclinical laboratory experiments and clinical trial studies. Other
activity expenses include clinical trial studies and regulatory consulting,
regulatory counsel, and patent counsel. Internal R&D activities and other
activity expenses are charged to operations as incurred. The Company makes
payments to the CRO's based on agreed upon terms including payments in advance
of the study starting date. The Company reviews and accrues CRO and clinical
trial study expenses based on work performed and relies on estimates of the
costs applicable to the stage of completion of a study provided by the CRO.
Accrued CRO costs are subject to revisions as such trials progress to
completion. Revisions are charged to expense in the period in which the facts
that give rise to the revision become known. Advance payments are amortized
to
expense based on work performed. The Company has entered into a CRO clinical
trial agreement with an estimated cost of $5.9 million against which the Company
has made payments of $1,589,000. Of such payments, $1,249,000 was prepaid at
September 30, 2007. The unfunded CRO commitment of $4,303,000 is expected to
be
incurred as subjects are enrolled into the clinical study.
NOTE
5 - INCOME TAXES
The
recognition and measurement of certain tax benefits includes estimates and
judgment by Company management and inherently includes subjectivity. Changes
in
estimates may create volatility in the Company’s effective tax rate in future
periods from obtaining new information about particular tax positions that
may
cause management to change its estimates. If the Company establishes a
contingent tax liability reserve, interest and penalties related to uncertain
tax positions would be classified in general and administrative expenses.
The
Company accounts for income taxes under the liability method in accordance
with
Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 109 ("SFAS 109"), "Accounting
for Income Taxes." Under this method, deferred income tax assets and liabilities
are determined based on differences between financial reporting and tax basis
of
assets and liabilities and are measured using the enacted tax rates and laws
that will be in effect when the differences are expected to reverse.
Additionally, income tax credit carryforwards are reported as deferred income
tax assets. At December 31, 2006, the Company has gross Federal, state, and
city
operating loss carryforwards aggregating $141.2 million, $101.0 million, and
$46.3 million, respectively, expiring during the years 2009 through 2026. The
tax loss carryforwards of the Company and its subsidiary may be subject to
limitation by Section 382 of the Internal Revenue Code with respect to the
amount utilizable each year. This limitation reduces the Company's ability
to
utilize net operating loss carryforwards each year. The amount of the limitation
has not been quantified. SFAS 109 requires a valuation allowance against
deferred tax assets if, based on the weight of available evidence, it is more
likely than not that some or all of the deferred tax assets may not be realized.
At September 30, 2007 and December 31, 2006, a valuation allowance equal to
100%
of the net deferred income tax assets was used and primarily pertains to
uncertainties with respect to future utilization of net operating loss
carryforwards. In the event the Company were to determine that it would be
able
to realize some or all its deferred income tax assets in the future, an
adjustment to the deferred income tax asset would increase income in the period
such determination was made.
-9-
NOTE
6 - SHARE-BASED COMPENSATION
The
Company has share-based compensation plans including stock options and
restricted stock units for its employees and directors. On January 1, 2006,
the
Company adopted Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) release FASB
Statement No. 123 (revised 2004), “Share-Based Payment, (“FASB 123R”)”. The
compensation cost relating to share-based payment transactions is now measured
based on the fair value of the equity or liability instruments issued. For
purposes of estimating the fair value of each stock option unit on the date
of
grant, the Company utilized the Black-Scholes option-pricing model. The
Black-Scholes option valuation model was developed for use in estimating the
fair value of traded options, which have no vesting restrictions and are fully
transferable. In addition, option valuation models require the input of highly
subjective assumptions including the expected volatility factor of the market
price of the Company’s common stock (as determined by reviewing its historical
public market closing prices). Because the Company's employee stock options
have
characteristics significantly different from those of traded options and because
changes in the subjective input assumptions can materially affect the fair
value
estimate, in management's opinion, the existing models do not necessarily
provide a reliable single measure of the fair value of its employee stock
options.
Included
in the nine months ended September 30, 2006 is $0.1 million of share-based
compensation expense relating to a dilution adjustment on a previously issued
warrant to a former Company employee pursuant to dilution protections contained
in such warrant.
Restricted
Stock Unit Award Plan
On
December 22, 2005, the Board of Directors approved the Company’s 2005 Restricted
Stock Unit Award Plan (the “2005 RSU Plan”) for its employees and non-employee
directors. A Restricted Stock Unit (“RSU”) represents the contingent obligation
of the Company to deliver a share of its common stock to the holder of the
RSU
on a distribution date. RSUs for up to 30 million shares of common stock are
authorized for issuance under the 2005 RSU Plan. The Company believed that
the
2005 RSU Plan did not require shareholder approval. Nevertheless, the Company’s
shareholders ratified the 2005 RSU Plan at its December, 2006 Annual
Shareholders’ Meeting.
Absent
a
change of control, one-fourth of vested shares of common stock underlying an
RSU
award will be distributed (after payment of $0.01 par value per share) on
January 1 of each of 2011, 2012, 2013 and 2014. If a change in control occurs
(whether prior to or after 2011), the vested shares underlying the RSU award
will be distributed at or about the time of the change in control.
In
December 2005, an aggregate of 27,500,000 RSUs were granted to the Company’s
employees. In February 2006, an aggregate of 2,000,000 RSUs were granted to
the
Company’s two independent directors. Of the RSU awards granted, approximately
one third vested upon grant and the other two thirds will vest on a
straight-line monthly basis through December 2007. During the nine months ended
September 30, 2007, 7,374,000 RSUs vested. Of the RSU awards granted, 27,042,000
and 19,667,000 were vested as of September 30, 2007 and December 31, 2006,
respectively, and 2,458,000 and 9,833,000 were nonvested as of September 30,
2007 and December 31, 2006, respectively.
The
weighted average fair value of both RSU grants is $0.35 per share of common
stock underlying each RSU. Fair value is defined as the market price per share
of the Company’s common stock on the date of an RSU grant less the exercise cost
of each RSU. The total share-based compensation expense to be incurred by the
Company is the fair value of all RSUs granted. The fair value of the February
2006 RSU grant was $680,000 which was entirely expensed on the grant date as
this grant was for performance of past service. The fair value of the December
2005 RSU grant was $9,724,000 and is being amortized using a graded vesting
method which treats the December 2005 RSU grant as a series of awards rather
than a single award and attributes a higher percentage of the reported fair
value to stock-based compensation expense in the earlier years of the vesting
schedule than to the later years. At September 30, 2007, the total remaining
unrecognized share-based compensation expense related to the nonvested December
2005 RSU awards was $34,000, which will be amortized to compensation expense
in
the fourth quarter of 2007. The Company recognized share-based compensation
expense from the RSU awards of $0.9 million and $5.0 million during the nine
months ended September 30, 2007 and 2006, respectively, and of $0.2 million
and
$0.9 million during the three months ended September 30, 2007 and 2006,
respectively. No RSUs have been granted since February 2006. As of September
30,
2007 and December 31, 2006, the aggregate intrinsic value of the RSU awards
outstanding and vested was $45,431,000 and $14,357,000, respectively.
-10-
Stock
Option Plans
The
Company has stock options outstanding under a 1995 Stock Option Plan and a
1998
Stock Option Plan. The 1995 Stock Option Plan expired in May 2005 but options
granted under such plan remain outstanding.
Stock
options to purchase 18,995,000 shares with a weighted-average exercise price
of
$0.26 were outstanding at September 30, 2007 and December 31, 2006, of which
18,373,000 options were vested at December 31, 2006. During the nine months
ended September 30, 2007, stock options to purchase an additional 311,000
options having an exercise price of $0.13 vested, bringing the total vested
options outstanding at September 30, 2007 to 18,684,000. No stock options were
granted, exercised or expired during the nine months ended September 30,
2007.
As
of
September 30, 2007, the Company had $13,000 of unrecognized share-based
compensation expense, net of estimated forfeitures, related to stock option
grants, which will be recognized over the remaining weighted average period
of
six months. Total intrinsic value of stock options outstanding and
exercisable at September 30, 2007 and December 31, 2006 was $26,741,000 and
$10,253,000, respectively.
NOTE
7-
EARNINGS (LOSS) PER SHARE
The
computation of basic earnings (loss) per share of common stock is based upon
the
weighted average number of both common shares and vested RSUs outstanding during
the period. A RSU represents the contingent obligation of the Company to deliver
a share of its common stock to the holder of a vested RSU on a distribution
date. The computation of diluted earnings (loss) per share is based on the
same
number of both common shares and vested RSUs used in the basic earning (loss)
computation, but adjusted for the effect of other potentially dilutive
securities. Excluded from the diluted earnings (loss) per share computation
at
September 30, 2007 and 2006 are 61.2 million and 47.5 million, respectively,
of
potentially dilutive securities, as the effect of including them would be
antidilutive. Accordingly, the loss per share is the same result for both basic
and diluted computations.
Net
loss
used in the Company’s earnings (loss) per share computations includes the impact
of dividends deemed to have been issued to certain common shareholders as a
result of modifications to debt agreements with those shareholders, as described
in Note 9.
-11-
Nine
months ended
September
30,
|
Three
months ended
September
30,
|
||||||||||||
(in
thousands, except per share data)
|
2007
|
2006
|
2007
|
2006
|
|||||||||
Numerator:
|
|||||||||||||
Net
loss
|
$
|
(13,598
|
)
|
$
|
(9,866
|
)
|
$
|
(2,240
|
)
|
$
|
(3,097
|
)
|
|
Deemed
dividend from modification of debt
|
(3
|
)
|
(774
|
)
|
-
|
(774
|
)
|
||||||
Net
loss allocable to common stockholders
|
$
|
(13,601
|
)
|
$
|
(10,640
|
)
|
$
|
(2,240
|
)
|
$
|
(3,871
|
)
|
|
Denominator:
|
|||||||||||||
Common
shares (weighted)
|
346,198
|
329,443
|
375,340
|
329,974
|
|||||||||
Vested
restricted stock units (weighted)
|
23,784
|
12,596
|
26,213
|
16,380
|
|||||||||
Weighted
average shares used in computing basic and diluted loss per share
allocable to common
stockholders
|
369,982
|
342,039
|
401,553
|
346,354
|
|||||||||
Basic
and diluted loss per share allocable
to common stockholders
|
$
|
(0.04
|
)
|
$
|
(0.03
|
)
|
$
|
(0.01
|
)
|
$
|
(0.01
|
)
|
|
Potentially
dilutive securities as of period end:
|
|||||||||||||
Common
stock issuable (see #1 below):
|
|||||||||||||
Vested
and nonvested employee and
director stock options
|
18,995
|
19,195
|
18,995
|
19,195
|
|||||||||
Nonvested
restricted stock units
|
2,458
|
12,292
|
2,458
|
12,292
|
|||||||||
Common
stock warrants
|
39,716
|
16,021
|
39,716
|
16,021
|
|||||||||
Total
excluded dilutive common stock equivalents
|
61,169
|
47,508
|
61,169
|
47,508
|
(1)
Number of common shares issuable is based on maximum number of common
shares issuable on exercise or conversion of the related securities
as of
period end. Such amounts have not been adjusted for the treasury
stock
method or weighted average outstanding calculations required if the
securities were dilutive.
|
NOTE
8 - ACCRUED EXPENSES
Accrued
expenses are summarized as follows (in thousands):
Sept
30,
|
Dec
31,
|
||||||
2007
|
2006
|
||||||
Payroll,
payroll taxes and benefits
|
$
|
79
|
$
|
62
|
|||
Legal
fees
|
85
|
19
|
|||||
Accounting
and tax service fees
|
88
|
70
|
|||||
Franchise
taxes
|
11
|
15
|
|||||
Property
taxes
|
73
|
52
|
|||||
Clinical,
regulatory and patent consulting fees
|
70
|
60
|
|||||
Other
fees and services
|
6
|
50
|
|||||
$
|
412
|
$
|
328
|
NOTE
9 - NOTES PAYABLE AND BRIDGE LOAN AGREEMENTS
Notes
payable are summarized as follows (in thousands):
|
Sept
30,
|
Dec
31,
|
|||||
2007
|
2006
|
||||||
Senior
secured convertible bridge term notes (a):
|
|||||||
Face
value
|
$
|
-
|
$
|
7,848
|
|||
Debt
discount
|
-
|
(843
|
)
|
||||
-
|
7,005
|
||||||
Conversion
feature value
|
-
|
16,750
|
|||||
$
|
-
|
$
|
23,755
|
||||
Secured
term note (b)
|
$
|
4,992
|
$
|
5,000
|
|||
Capital
lease obligations
|
$
|
13
|
$
|
32
|
-12-
(a)
Senior Secured Convertible Bridge Term Notes
As
of
August 19, 2007, the Company had borrowed $10.544 million pursuant to a series
of loan agreements between the Company, Galen Partners III, L.P. and its
affiliates, Care Capital Investments II, LP and its affiliate, and Essex
Woodlands Health Ventures V, L.P. (collectively, the “VC Investors”), and
certain other shareholders of the Company dating from June 2005 to January
2006
- all as amended through July 2007 (the “Bridge Loans). The proceeds from the
Bridge Loans were used by the Company to develop its Aversion® Technology and
fund related operating expenses. The Bridge Loans carried an interest rate
of
10%, payable quarterly which, pursuant a November 2006 amendment, was payable,
at the Company’s option, with shares of its Common Stock. The Bridge Loans, as
amended in March 2007, had a scheduled maturity date of September 30,
2007.
As
described in “Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial
Condition and Results of Operations - Unit Offering”, the entire $10.544 million
principal amount of the Bridge Loans was converted into the Company’s Units in
the Unit Offering pursuant to the terms of the Securities Purchase Agreement
dated August 20, 2007 between the Company and each of the investors listed
therein.
Through
August 2006, the Bridge Loans did not include conversion provisions. An
amendment to the Bridge Loans effected in August 2006 added a conversion feature
which allowed, at the lenders’ option, the Bridge Loans to be converted into the
Company’s Common Stock upon a qualifying equity financing at a conversion price
equal to the per share price implicit in such equity financing. The Company
did
not assign any value to the new conversion feature as it did not provide the
lenders with an opportunity to receive value in a conversion in excess of the
face value of the debt regardless of the per share price of that equity
financing.
In
November 2006 and March 2007, the conversion feature of the Bridge Loans was
further amended to allow the bridge loan lenders to convert the Bridge Loans
into the Company’s common stock, upon the completion of a third-party equity
financing providing gross proceeds to the Company in the aggregate amount of
at
least $5.0 million (a “Third Party Equity Financing”), a Change of Control
Transaction or upon the maturity date of the Bridge Loans (each a “Triggering
Event”). Upon the occurrence of a Triggering Event, the bridge lenders could
convert $3.8 million (as of August 9, 2007) of Bridge Loans into the Company’s
common stock at a conversion price equal to (A) in the case of the completion
of
a Third Party Equity Financing, the lesser of (i) 80% of the average closing
bid
and asked prices of the Company’s common stock for the twenty trading days
immediately preceding the public announcement of the Third Party Investor
Financing, but not less than $0.21 per share (ii) the average price of the
securities sold by the Company in such Third Party Equity Financing (80% of
such
average price in the case of $1.8 million of Bridge Loans), and (iii) $0.44
per
share for $2.0 million of Bridge Loans and $0.46 per share for $1.8 million
of
Bridge Loans and (B) in the case of a Change of Control Transaction or upon
the
maturity date of the Bridge Loans, the lesser of (i) 80% of the average closing
bid and asked prices of the Company’s common stock for the twenty trading days
immediately preceding the public announcement of the Change of Control
Transaction or the maturity date, as applicable, but not less than $0.21 per
share, and (ii) $0.44 per share for $2.0 million of Bridge Loans and $0.46
per
share for $1.8 million of Bridge Loans. In addition, upon a Triggering Event,
the bridge lenders could convert $2.55 million of Bridge Loans into the
Company's common stock at a conversion price of $0.20 per share, $2.3 million
of
Bridge Loans at a conversion price of $0.225 per share and $1.894 million of
Bridge Loans at a conversion price of $0.25 per share.
The
November and December 2006 issuances of Bridge Loans for an aggregate face
value
of $1,104,000 included this amended conversion feature which the Company valued
at an aggregate of $1,034,000. This value was recorded as a liability with
an
offsetting $1,025,000 debt discount (which was amortized over the term of the
Bridge Loans) and $9,000 of issuance loss. However, as the debt was issued
to
shareholders who control the Company, this loss was recorded as a non-cash
deemed dividend rather than effecting net loss. Additional issuances of $896,000
of Bridge Loans in January and February 2007 similarly had aggregate conversion
feature value of $849,000 and a loss upon issuance of $3,000, which was recorded
as a non-cash deemed dividend rather than effecting net loss.
-13-
The
November 2006 amendment of the conversion feature on all of the then outstanding
Bridge Loans, coupled with the requirement under current accounting guidance
to
separate the value of the conversion feature from the debt, required the Company
to record the value of the amended conversion feature on that outstanding debt
as a liability and a loss on the modification of debt. The Company assigned
a
value of $19.951 million to these conversion features at date of modification
and reflected that loss as non-cash deemed dividend.
Upon
revaluing the aggregate conversion features on all outstanding Bridge Loans
as
of March 30, 2007 (the date immediately before further amendment to the Bridge
Loans), the Company recorded the resulting increase in value as a $3.483 million
loss. The increase in the Company’s common stock trading price from December 31,
2006 to March 30, 2007 resulted in the increase in the value of the conversion
liability. The Bridge Loan amendment on March 30, 2007 limited the conversion
price of the post-October 2006 loans to no lower than $0.21 per share. With
this
limit in place, the outstanding conversion feature no longer had to be reflected
as Company liabilities. As such, the Company recorded a $21.1 million
reclassification of that liability to additional paid-in capital.
To
compute the estimated value of the conversion features just prior to the
reclassification described above and at the previous year end, the Company
used
the Black-Scholes option-pricing model with the following assumptions on these
dates:
|
Mar
30, 2007
|
Dec
31, 2006
|
||
Company
stock price
|
$
0.85
|
$
0.74
|
||
Exercise
price
|
(see
#1 below)
|
(see
#1 below)
|
||
Expected
dividend
|
0.0%
|
0.0%
|
||
Risk
-free interest rate
|
5.07%
|
5.0%
|
||
Expected
volatility
|
none
|
88.8%
|
||
Contracted
term
|
1
day
|
3
months
|
(1)
The
conversion price per share used to estimate fair value of the Bridge Loan
conversion rights was equal to the fixed conversion price per share set forth
above for each of the specified Bridge Loan amounts. While the Bridge Loan
Agreements provide for other than fixed conversion prices under certain
circumstances, the Company has judged that the fixed conversion prices will
most
likely be the lowest price per share under any of the circumstances and the
lender would therefore select such fixed price for their
conversion.
The
conversion features related to $1.8 million Bridge Note issuances (dated March
30, 2007, April 2, 2007, May 17, 2007, and July 10, 2007) were not required
to
be separated and accounted for at fair value. However, based on the conversion
price of those notes, the issuances did include beneficial conversion features
whereby the common stock to be issued upon conversion would be worth more than
the underlying debt if converted upon issuance. That incremental value, computed
as $339,000, $170,000, $443,000 and $600,000, respectively, was recorded as
additional paid in capital and as debt discount, which will be amortized over
the term of the notes. Upon conversion of the Bridge Loans into Units of the
Unit Offering dated August 20, 2007, $544,000 of unamortized beneficial
conversion features reflected as debt discount was recorded as a reduction
to
additional paid in capital.
(b) Secured
Term Note
The
Company is a party to a certain loan agreement with each of the VC Investors
and
certain other shareholders of the Company dated February 10, 2004 (the "2004
Secured Term Note”). The 2004 Secured Term Note is in the principal amount of
$5.0 million and is secured by a lien on all of the Company's and its
subsidiary’s' assets. On June 28, 2007, the 2004 Secured Term Note was amended
to extend the maturity date from June 30, 2007 to September 30, 2007 and further
amended on August 20, 2007 to extend the maturity date from September 30, 2007
to December 31, 2008. In addition, the August 20, 2007 amendment to the 2004
Secured Term Note reduced the interest rate from a variable rate of prime plus
4.5%, to a fixed rate of 10.0% per annum and to provide for interest payments
in
the form of cash instead of the Company’s common stock. During September 2007
approximately $8,000 of principal was repaid under the 2004 Secured Term Note
leaving a principal balance of $4,992,000. Simultaneous with the Company’s
receipt of the $30 million upfront cash payment anticipated to be received
pursuant to the closing of the Agreement with King described in Note 12 of
this
Report under the caption "King Agreement" the Company will prepay the principal
amount plus unpaid interest relating to the 2004 Secured Term Note.
-14-
On
September 24, 2007, the 2004 Secured Term Note was further amended to provide
for the accrual and deferral of accrued interest payments until the earlier
of
(i) the December 31, 2008 maturity date of the Note, or (ii) Company’s receipt
of proceeds in excess of $5.0 million from a third party pharmaceutical company
or companies pursuant to which the Company, in one or more transactions, grants
such pharmaceutical company or companies rights to any of the Company’s products
or product candidates or rights to the Company’s Aversion® Technology, with such
proceeds including any up front payments, progress payments, milestone payments,
license fees, royalties and similar payments, but excluding fees for services,
reimbursements or advances for costs and expenses. Deferred interest is due
on
the maturity date, or if earlier, ten days after the occurrence of an event
described in (ii) above. Upon the occurrence of an event described in (ii)
above, all future interest payments are to be paid in cash on a quarterly basis.
The carrying interest rate at September 30, 2007 was 10.0% and at December
31,
2006 was 12.75%. At September 30, 2007, interest of $145,000 had been deferred
under the 2004 Secured Term Note.
NOTE
10 - COMMON STOCK WARRANTS
At
September 30, 2007, the Company had outstanding common stock purchase warrants,
exercisable for an aggregate of approximately 39,716,000 shares of common stock,
all of which contained cashless exercise features. Of such outstanding warrants,
(i) 13,889,000 were issued in connection with the Company’s August 2007 Unit
Offering (See “Item 2. Management’s Discussion Analysis of Financial Condition
and Results of Operations - Unit Offering” for a
description of the Unit Offering), (ii) 9,763,000 were issued in upon conversion
of $10.544 million in principal amount under the Company’s outstanding Bridge
Loans into Units as part of the Company’s August 2007 Unit Offering, (iii)
5,197,000 were
issued in connection with the issuance of bridge loans and financing commitments
from 2001 through 2003, (iv) 10,701,000 were issued to Watson Pharmaceuticals,
Inc. in connection with their agreement to amend the Watson Notes at December
20, 2002, and (v) 166,000 were issued in 2003 as part of the settlement terms
with a former executive officer of the Company. In August 2007, a warrant issued
in 2003 in connection with the issuance of a bridge loan, was increased by
313,000 shares as result of the anti-dilution provision of such warrant. The
outstanding warrants have a weighted average remaining term of 6.0 years with
exercise prices ranging from $0.12 to $0.99 per share, and a weighted average
exercise price of $0.32.
During
the nine months ended September 30, 2007, warrants to purchase an aggregate
580,092 shares of Common Stock were exercised at exercise prices between $0.12
and $0.66 per share in a series of cashless exercise transactions resulting
in
the issuance of aggregate 313,616 shares of Common Stock. At September 30,
2007,
outstanding common stock purchase warrants exercisable for 467,000, 4,085,000,
811,000 and 34,353,000 shares of the Company’s common stock will expire if
unexercised during the years 2008, 2009, 2010 and thereafter,
respectively.
As
a
result of the November 2006 amendment to the Bridge Loans, the Company’s
outstanding common stock purchase warrants commenced being accounted for as
mark-to-market liabilities with a recorded value of $10.784 million at December
31, 2006. Upon revaluing the warrants just before their exercise or as of March
30, 2007 (the date immediately before further amendment to the Bridge Loans),
the Company recorded the resulting increase in value as a $1.668 million loss.
The increase in the Company’s common stock trading price from December 31, 2006
to March 30, 2007 resulted in the increase in the value of the warrant
liability. The Bridge Loan amendment on March 30, 2007 limited the conversion
price of the post-October 2006 loans to no lower than $0.21 per share. With
this
limit in place, the outstanding warrants were no longer required to be reflected
as Company liabilities. As such, the Company recorded a $12.307 million
reclassification of that liability to additional paid-in capital in addition
to
a $146,000 reclassification related to warrants exercised during the first
quarter of 2007.
NOTE
11 - COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES
Employment
Contracts
The
employment agreements of the Company’s officers Andrew D. Reddick, Ron J.
Spivey, Ph.D., and Peter A. Clemens were automatically renewed on October 2,
2007, each for a term expiring December 31, 2008. The term of each of the
employment agreements provides for automatic one year renewals in the absence
of
written notice to the contrary from the Company or such Officer at least ninety
days prior to the expiration of any one-year renewal period.
-15-
Financial
Advisor Agreement
In
connection with the Company’s August 2007 Unit Offering, the Company is
obligated to pay a fee to the Company’s financial advisor upon each exercise of
the warrants issued in the Unit Offering, in proportion to the number of
warrants exercised. The maximum amount of such fee assuming 100% exercise of
such warrants, is $255,000. The Company has not reflected this obligation as
a
liability in its unaudited financial statements as the payment is contingent
upon the timing and exercise of the warrants by each of the warrant holders.
Such fee, if any, will be paid and charged against earnings as and if the
warrants are exercised.
NOTE
12 - RECENT EVENTS
King
Agreement
On
October 30, 2007, the Company and King Pharmaceuticals Research and Development,
Inc. (“King”), a wholly-owned subsidiary of King Pharmaceuticals, Inc., entered
into a License, Development and Commercialization Agreement (the “Agreement”) to
develop and commercialize in the United States, Canada and Mexico (the
"Territory") certain opioid analgesic products utilizing the Company's
proprietary Aversion® (abuse deterrent) Technology including ACUROX™ Tablets
(formerly known as OxyADF). The Agreement provides King with an exclusive
license in the Territory for ACUROX™ Tablets and another undisclosed opioid
product utilizing Acura's Aversion® Technology. In addition, the Agreement
provides King with an option to license in the Territory all future opioid
analgesic products developed utilizing Acura's Aversion®
Technology.
Under
the
terms of the Agreement, King will make an upfront cash payment to Acura of
$30
million. Depending on the achievement of certain development and regulatory
milestones, King could also make additional cash payments to Acura of up to
$28
million relating to ACUROX™ Tablets and similar amounts with respect to each
subsequent Aversion® Technology product developed under the Agreement. King will
reimburse Acura for all research and development expenses incurred beginning
from September 19, 2007 for ACUROX™ Tablets and all research and development
expenses related to future products after King's exercise of its option to
an
exclusive license for each future product. King will record net sales of all
products and pay Acura a royalty ranging from 5% to 25% based on the level
of
combined annual net sales for all products subject to the Agreement. King will
also make a one-time cash payment to Acura of $50 million in the first year
in
which the combined annual net sales of all products exceed $750
million.
King
and
Acura will form a joint steering committee to coordinate development and
commercialization strategies. With King’s oversight, Acura will conduct all
ACUROX™ Tablet development activities through approval of a New Drug Application
(“NDA”) and thereafter King will commercialize ACUROX™ in the U.S. With respect
to all other products subject to the Agreement, King will be responsible for
development and regulatory activities following either acceptance of an
Investigational New Drug Application by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration
(“FDA”) or Acura's demonstration of certain stability and pharmacokinetic
characteristics for each future product. All products developed pursuant to
the
Agreement will be manufactured by King or a third party contract manufacturer
under the direction of King. Subject to the Agreement, King will have final
decision making authority with respect to all development and commercialization
activities for all products licensed.
The
Agreement closing is subject to antitrust review under the Hart-Scott-Rodino
Antitrust Improvements Act.
The
foregoing description of the Agreement contains forward-looking statements
about
the revenue generating potential of ACUROX™ Tablets and other opioid analgesic
products developed pursuant to the Agreement. As with any pharmaceutical
products under development or proposed to be developed, substantial risks and
uncertainties exist in development, regulatory review and commercialization
process. There can be no assurance that any product developed, in whole or
in
part, pursuant to the Agreement will receive regulatory approval or prove to
be
commercially successful. Accordingly, investors in the Company should recognize
that there is no assurance that the Company will receive the milestone payments
or royalty revenues described in the Agreement or even if such milestones are
achieved that the related products will be successfully commercialized and
that
any royalty revenues payable to the Company by King will materialize. For
further discussion of other risks and uncertainties associated with the Company,
see the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31,
2006, under the heading “Risks Factors”.
-16-
Reverse
Stock Split
On
October 30, 2007, the Company’s Board of Directors approved an Amendment to the
Company’s Restated Certificate of Incorporation to effect a 1 for 10 reverse
stock split. The reverse stock split will take effect on or about December
5,
2007, subject to compliance with OTC Bulletin Board requirements.
Item
2.
Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of
Operations
This
discussion and analysis should be read in conjunction with the Company's
financial statements and accompanying notes included elsewhere in this Report.
Historical operating results are not necessarily indicative of results that
may
occur in future periods.
Forward
Looking Statements
Certain
statements in this Report constitute "forward-looking statements" within the
meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Such
forward-looking statements involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties and
other factors which may cause the actual results, performance or achievements
of
the Company to be materially different from any future results, performance,
or
achievements expressed or implied by such forward-looking statements. The most
significant of such factors include, but are not limited to, the Company’s
ability to secure additional financing to fund continued product development
and
operations, the Company’s ability to successfully close and fulfill its
obligations under the Agreement with King Pharmaceuticals Research and
Development, Inc described in Note 12 of this Report under the caption "King
Agreement"., and the Company’s ability to fulfill the U.S. Food and Drug
Administration’s (“FDA”) requirements for approving the Company’s product
candidates for commercial distribution in the United States, including, without
limitation, the adequacy of the results of the laboratory and clinical studies
completed to date and the results of other laboratory and clinical studies,
to
support FDA approval of the Company’s product candidates, the adequacy of the
development program for the Company’s product candidates, changes in regulatory
requirements, adverse safety findings relating to the Company’s product
candidates, the risk that the FDA may not agree with the Company’s analysis of
its clinical studies and may evaluate the results of these studies by different
methods or conclude that the results of the studies are not statistically
significant, clinically meaningful or that there were human errors in the
conduct or otherwise of the studies , the risk that further studies of the
Company’s product candidates do not support FDA approval or commercially viable
product labeling, and the uncertainties inherent in scientific research, drug
development, clinical trials and the regulatory approval process. Other
important factors that may also affect future results include, but are not
limited to: the Company’s ability to attract and retain highly skilled
personnel; its ability to secure and protect its patents, trademarks and
proprietary rights; its ability to avoid infringement of patents, trademarks
and
other proprietary rights or trade secrets of third parties; litigation or
regulatory action that could require the Company to pay significant damages
or
change the way it conducts its business; the Company’s ability to compete
successfully against current and future competitors; its dependence on
third-party suppliers of raw materials; its ability to secure U.S. Drug
Enforcement Administration ("DEA") quotas and source controlled substances
that
constitute the active ingredients of the Company’s products in development;
difficulties or delays in clinical trials for Company products or in the
manufacture of Company products; and other risks and uncertainties detailed
in
this Report. The Company is at development stage and may not ever have any
products or technologies that generate revenue. When used in this Report, the
words "estimate," "project," "anticipate," "expect," "intend," "believe," and
similar expressions are intended to identify forward-looking
statements.
Company
Overview
Acura
Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (the "Company") is a specialty pharmaceutical company
engaged in research, development and manufacture of innovative Aversion®
Technology and related product candidates. Product candidates developed with
Aversion® Technology and containing opioid analgesic active ingredients are
intended to effectively treat pain and also discourage the three most common
methods of pharmaceutical product misuse and abuse including; (i) intravenous
injection of dissolved tablets or capsules, (ii) nasal snorting of crushed
tablets or capsules and (iii) intentional swallowing of excessive numbers of
tablets or capsules. ACUROX™ Tablets (formerly known as OxyADF), the Company’s
lead product candidate utilizing Aversion® Technology, is being developed
pursuant to an active investigational new drug application (“IND”) on file with
the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (“FDA”). The Company conducts internal
research, development, laboratory, manufacturing and warehousing activities
for
Aversion® Technology at its Culver, Indiana facility. The 28,000 square foot
facility is registered by the U.S. Drug Enforcement Administration (“DEA”) to
perform research, development and manufacture of certain Schedule II - V
finished dosage form products. In addition to internal capabilities and
activities, the Company engages numerous of pharmaceutical product contract
research organizations (“CROs”) with expertise in regulatory affairs, clinical
trial design and monitoring, clinical data management, biostatistics, medical
writing, laboratory testing and related services. Such CROs perform development
services for ACUROX™ Tablets and other product candidates under the direction of
the Company.
-17-
The
Company is focused on (i) development
and evaluation, in concert with CROs, of product candidates utilizing the
Company's Aversion®
Technology; (ii) manufacture, quality assurance testing and release, and
stability studies of clinical trial supplies and NDA submission batches of
certain finished dosage form product candidates utilizing Aversion®
Technology; (iii) prosecution of the Company’s patent applications relating to
Aversion®
Technology with the United States Patent and Trademark Office (“USPTO”) and
foreign equivalents; and (iv) negotiation and execution of license and
development agreements with pharmaceutical company partners providing that
such
licensees will further develop certain finished dosage product candidates
utilizing the Aversion®
Technology and file for regulatory approval with the FDA and other regulatory
authorities and commercialize such products.
Company’s
Present Financial Condition
At
September 30, 2007, the Company had unrestricted cash and cash equivalents
of
$12.0 million compared to $0.2 million at December 31, 2006. The Company had
working capital of $13.1 million at September 30, 2007 and a working capital
deficit of $28.6 million at December 31, 2006. The Company had an accumulated
deficit of $331.1 million and $317.5
million at September
30, 2007 and December 31, 2006, respectively. The
Company incurred a loss from operations of $4.7 million and a net loss of $13.6
million during the nine months ended September 30, 2007 and a loss from
operations of $10.8 million
and a net loss of $6.0 million
during the year ended December 31, 2006.
On
November 1, 2007, the Company had cash and cash equivalents of approximately
$11.3
million,
including the proceeds from a Bridge Loan funded in July 2007 and the net
proceeds from the Company’s August 2007 Unit Offering described below under the
caption “Unit Offering”. The Company estimates that its current cash reserves
will fund operating activities through September 2008.
The
Company has incurred net losses since 1992 and the Company's consolidated
financial statements for each of the years ended December 31, 2003 through
2006
were prepared on a going-concern basis, expressing substantial doubt about the
Company's ability to continue as a going-concern. The Company's future
profitability will depend on several factors, including (i) the Company's
ability to successfully close and fulfill its obligations pursuant to the
Agreement with King Pharmaceuticals Research and Development, Inc. ("King")
as
more fully described in Note 12 of this report under the caption Recent Events,
"King Agreement" and (ii) the successful commercialization by King and other
future potential licensees (if any) of products incorporating
Aversion®
Technology.
Unit
Offering
On
August
20, 2007 the Company entered into a Securities Purchase Agreement with the
investors named therein (the “Investors”). Pursuant to the Agreement, the
Investors purchased, in the aggregate, 23,651,847 Units (“Units”) of the
Company, at a price of $1.08 per Unit (the “Unit Offering”). Each Unit consisted
of four shares of common stock, $0.01 par value (”Common Stock”) and a warrant
to purchase one share of common stock (the “Warrants”). 13,888,886 of the Units
issued under the Securities Purchase Agreement were issued for cash, with the
balance of 9,962,961 Units issued in consideration of the conversion of an
aggregate of $10.544 million in principal amount under the Company’s outstanding
Bridge Loan. The net cash proceeds to the Company after expenses of the Unit
Offering were approximately $14.2 million.
The
Warrants are immediately exercisable at a price of $0.34 per share and expire
August 20, 2014. The Warrants may be exercised for cash, or on a cashless basis
commencing 180 days after the closing if at the time of exercise the shares
underlying the Warrants are not covered by an effective registration statement
filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”).
-18-
The
Common Stock and shares of Common Stock underlying the Warrants sold pursuant
to
the Unit Offering have not been registered under the Securities Act of 1933,
as
amended, and may not be offered or sold in the United States in the absence
of
an effective registration statement or exemption from registration requirements.
Pursuant to the Securities Purchase Agreement, the Company was required to
file
a registration statement within 60 days after the closing of the Unit Offering
for purposes of registering the resale of the shares of Common Stock issued
and
the shares of Common Stock issuable upon exercise of the Warrants (the
“Registration Statement”). On October 1, 2007, the Company filed the
Registration Statement. Subject to certain exceptions, the Company is required
to cause the Registration Statement to be declared effective by the SEC within
one hundred eighty (180) days after the August 20, 2007 closing date of the
Securities Purchase Agreement. The Company must exercise best efforts to keep
the Registration Statement effective until
the
earlier of (i) the date that all shares of Common Stock and shares of Common
Stock underlying Warrants covered by such Registration Statement have been
sold,
or (ii) the fifth anniversary
of the
Registration Statement,
provided that the period during which the Registration Statement must be kept
effective can be shortened to not less than two years by agreement of holders
of
registrable securities.
Shares
of Common Stock eligible for sale under Rule 144(k) of the Securities Act of
1933, as amended, need not be included in the Registration Statement. Under
certain circumstances, if shares are excluded from the Registration Statement
by
the SEC, the Company may be required to file one or more additional Registration
Statements for the excluded shares.
Subject
to certain exceptions, for each day that the Company misses the foregoing
deadlines or fails to keep the Registration Statement effective, it must pay
each Investor 0.05% of the purchase price of securities covered by the
Registration Statement and held by the Investor at such time, up to a maximum
of
9.9% of the amount paid by an Investor for the Units. Interest on unpaid amount
accrues at 1% per month.
The
requirement in the Securities Purchase Agreement to file the Registration
Statement triggered the piggyback registration rights granted to certain holders
of shares of Common Stock and warrants exercisable for Common Stock pursuant
to
an Amended and Restated Registration Rights Agreement dated as of February
6,
2004, as amended. GCE Holdings LLC, Galen Partners III, L.P., Galen Partners
International III, L.P., Galen Employee Fund III, L.P., Care Capital Investments
II, LP, Care Capital Offshore Investments II, LP and Essex Woodlands Health
Ventures V, L.P. have exercised their piggyback registration rights and have
requested that an aggregate of 265,840,164 shares
of
Common Stock and shares underlying warrants be included in the Registration
Statement pursuant to such piggyback registration rights.
As
part
of the completion of the transactions contemplated in the Securities Purchase
Agreement, each of GCE Holdings LLC and the other bridge lenders converted
the
entire $10.544 million principal amount under the Bridge Loans into Units issued
pursuant to the Securities Purchase Agreement in full and complete satisfaction
of the Company’s obligations under the outstanding Bridge Loans. As a result of
the conversion of the Bridge Loans into Units, the Bridge Loan Agreements and
related security agreements and guarantees were terminated.
Status
of Strategy with Commercial Partners
On
October 30, 2007 the Company entered
into a License, Development and Commercialization Agreement (the "Agreement")
with King Pharmaceuticals Research and Development Inc., ("King") as more fully
described in Note
12,
of this Report under the caption “King Agreement" Pursuant to the Agreement, the
Company and King will develop and commercialize certain opioid analgesic
products utilizing the Company’s Aversion® (abuse deterrent) Technology
including ACUROX™ Tablets (formerly known as OxyADF). The closing of the
transaction contemplated by the Agreement is subject to receipt of approval
under the Hart-Scott-Rodino Antitrust Improvements Act. The Company’s future
revenue, if any, will be derived from milestone and royalty payments relating
to
the Agreement and other milestone and royalty payments, if any, derived from
agreements anticipated to be potentially negotiated and executed by the Company
with other pharmaceutical company partners. No assurance can be given that
the
conditions to the closing of the Agreement with King will be satisfied, that
the
Company will receive the milestone and royalty payments provided for in such
Agreement, or that the Company will be successful in entering into similar
agreements with other pharmaceutical partners to develop and commercialize
products incorporating the Aversion® Technology.
-19-
Status
of Patent Applications, Patent Publications, and Issued
Patents
In
April
2007, the United States Patent and Trademark Office (the “USPTO”) granted to the
Company U.S. Patent No. 7,201,920 titled ”Methods and Compositions for Deterring
Abuse of Opioid Containing Dosage Forms”. The allowed patent claims
encompass pharmaceutical compositions intended to reduce or discourage the
three most common methods of prescription opioid analgesic product misuse and
abuse including; (i) intravenous injection of dissolved tablets or capsules;
(ii) snorting of crushed tablets or capsules and; (iii) intentionally swallowing
excess quantities of tablets or capsules. The opioid analgesics in the
allowed patent claims include oxycodone, hydrocodone, hydromorphone, morphine,
codeine, tramadol, propoxyphene and many others.
In
addition to issued U.S. Patent No. 7,201,920, as of the date of this Report,
the
Company has pending five U.S. non-provisional patent applications, three WO/PCT
patent applications and multiple additional U.S. provisional and international
patent filings relating to compositions containing abuseable drugs.
Additionally, the Company has seven U.S. issued patents and one U.S. patent
application pending related to its Opioid Synthesis Technologies.
ACUROX™
Tablets (formerly known as OxyADF) Development Status
ACUROX™ the
Company’s lead product candidate with Aversion® (abuse deterrent) Technology, is
an orally administered immediate release tablet containing oxycodone HCl as
its
sole active analgesic ingredient, a sub therapeutic amount of niacin, and a
composition of function inactive ingredients. The Company and King intend to
file a 505(b)(2) NDA for ACUROX™ Tablets with an anticipated indication for
treating moderate to moderately severe pain. ACUROX™ Tablets are intended to
effectively treat moderate to moderately severe pain while also discouraging
or
deterring the three most common methods of misuse and abuse including (i)
intravenous injection of dissolved tablets, (ii) nasal snorting of crushed
tablets and (iii) intentional swallowing of excessive numbers of tablets.
ACUROX™ Tablets are being developed pursuant to an active investigational new
drug application (“IND”) on file with the FDA.
ACUROX™
Tablets: Technical and Pre-Clinical Development Program and Regulatory Strategy
and Status
The
technical and pre-clinical development program and regulatory strategy and
status for ACUROX™
Tablets
are summarized below. At this stage, we can not provide any assurance
that FDA will not require additional pre-clinical studies not listed below,
or
revise the ACUROX™
Tablets
regulatory requirements prior to their acceptance for filing of a 505(b)(2)
NDA
submission for ACUROX™
Tablets.
Technical
and Pre-Clinical Development
|
Status
|
|
Formulation
development
|
Complete
|
|
Pilot
bioequivalence study
|
Complete
|
|
Pivotal
oxycodone extraction study
|
Complete
(results summarized below)
|
|
Viscosity
and syringability of dissolved tablets in various solvents
|
Complete
|
|
Tablet
stability for NDA submission
|
Testing
in process. 24 month real time data demonstrates stability acceptable
for
NDA submission
|
|
Toxicology
studies
|
Not
required per FDA written guidance to the
Company
|
Regulatory
Affairs
|
Status
|
|
Investigational
New Drug Application (IND)
|
Active
|
|
End
of Phase II meeting with FDA
|
Complete
|
|
Factorial
design clinical studies
|
Not
required per FDA written guidance to Company
|
|
Product
labeling
|
Strategy
and concepts discussed with FDA. Written guidance provided by FDA
to the
Company
|
|
Regulatory
submission for commercial distribution in the U.S.
|
ACUROX™
Tablets are eligible for submission as a 505(b)(2) NDA per FDA written
guidance to Company
|
|
Phase
III pivotal clinical trial
|
A
single phase III efficacy and safety trial is required per FDA written
guidance to Company
|
-20-
Aversion®
Technology: Intended to Deter I.V. Injection of Opioids Extracted from Dissolved
Tablets
Prospective
drug abusers or recreational drug users may attempt to dissolve currently
marketed oxycodone-containing tablets in water, alcohol, or other common
solvents, filter the dissolved solution, and then inject the resulting fluid
intravenously to obtain euphoric effects. In addition to its two active
ingredients, ACUROX™
Tablets
also contains a unique combination of inactive ingredients. These "functional"
inactive ingredients are commonly used pharmaceutical excipients which elicit
no
therapeutic effect but which have specific non-therapeutic functions. If a
person attempts to extract oxycodone from ACUROX™
Tablets
using any generally available solvent, including water or alcohol, into a volume
and form suitable for intravenous (“I.V.”) injection, the tablet converts into a
viscous gel mixture and effectively traps the oxycodone HCl in the gel. Based
on
controlled in-vitro experiments, the Company believes it is not possible,
without extraordinary difficulty, to draw this viscous gel through a needle
into
a syringe for I.V. injection. We believe that this gel forming feature will
substantially discourage prospective
I.V. drug abusers or recreational drug users from extracting oxycodone from
an
ACUROX™
Tablet.
As
described below, the
Company
has
compared the
relative difficulty of extracting oxycodone from ACUROX™ Tablets to several
currently marketed oxycodone-containing products.
Pivotal
Oxycodone Extraction Study:
The
Company, in concert with a leading pharmaceutical laboratory CRO (the
“Laboratory CRO”), completed a pivotal study to assess certain properties of
ACUROX™ using tablets from batches manufactured by the Company at its Culver
Facility at a scale of sufficient size to fulfill the FDA’s requirements for a
505(b)(2) NDA submission. The
Laboratory CRO was contracted to quantitatively and qualitatively measure the
relative difficulty of extracting oxycodone HCl for purposes of I.V. injection
from tablet products containing oxycodone HCl. The Laboratory CRO was provided
with a list of all ingredients (active and inactive) contained in each product,
allotted up to 80 hours total time to complete the evaluations and allowed
to
use any methodology desired to attempt to extract oxycodone HCl from the tablets
in a form suitable for I.V. injection. Products tested were ACUROX™ (oxycodone
HCl/niacin) Tablets, OxyContin® (oxycodone HCl Controlled-Release) Tablets,
generic oxycodone HCl Tablets, and Percocet® (oxycodone
HCl/acetaminophen)Tablets. As
set
forth in the table below, results were reported as (i) percent of drug
extracted, (ii) time to extract drug and (iii) difficulty to extract drug on
a
scale of 1-10, 1 being easy and 10 being extremely difficult. OxyContin® Tablets
and generic oxycodone HCl tablets resulted in 71-92% drug extracted in 3-6
minutes and were rated 1-2 in relative difficulty. Percocet® Tablets resulted in
75% oxycodone HCl extracted in 10 minutes (with vacuum assisted filtration)
and
was rated 3-4 in relative difficulty. ACUROX™ Tablets resulted in a “trace” of
oxycodone HCl extracted in 355 minutes and was rated 10 in relative difficulty.
The Company intends to utilize the data and results from this pivotal laboratory
study in its 505(b)(2) NDA submission for ACUROX™ Tablets to the
FDA.
Summary
Results of Pivotal Laboratory
Oxycodone
Extraction Study (described above)
Product
Tested,
Oxycodone
HCl Strength
and
Product Supplier
|
|
Approximate
laboratory time required to produce a form suitable for intravenous
injection
|
|
Extraction
Scheme
and
Yield
|
|
Difficulty
Rating
1
=
Easy
to
10
= Difficult
|
OxyContin®
Tablets
1x
40mg tablet
Purdue
Pharma
|
3
minutes
|
3
steps
~92%
Yield
|
1
|
|||
Oxycodone
HCl Tablets
8
x
5mg tablets,
Mallinckrodt
|
6
minutes
|
3
Steps
~71%
Yield
|
2
|
|||
Percocet®
Tablets
8
x
5/325mg tablets
Endo
Labs
|
<10
minutes
with
vacuum assisted filtration
|
3
Steps
~75%
Yield
|
3-4
|
|||
ACUROX™
Tablets
8
x
5/30mg tablets
Acura
Pharmaceuticals
|
355
minutes
with
no success
|
23
Steps
~0%
Yield
|
10
|
-21-
Aversion®
Technology: Intended to Deter Nasal Snorting
In
addition to potential intravenous or oral abuse, prospective drug abusers may
easily crush or grind currently marketed oxycodone-containing tablet or capsule
products. The crushed powder may then be nasally snorted and the oxycodone
in
the powder is absorbed through the lining of the nasal passages often resulting
in a rapid onset of euphoric effects. ACUROX™ Tablets have three mechanisms
intended to discourage nasal snorting. First, ACUROX™ Tablets are formulated
with a functional excipient intended to induce mild burning and irritation
of
the nasal passages if the tablets are crushed and the prospective drug abuser
attempts to snort the crushed tablets. Second, when ACUROX™ Tablets are crushed
and snorted, the Company expects the moisture in the nasal passages will form
a
viscous gel with the crushed tablet powder, trapping the oxycodone in the gel
and reducing the amount of oxycodone available for absorption through the lining
of the nasal passages. Third, the Company expects that the viscous gel formed
in
the nasal passages will result in a sticky mass producing an unpleasant
sensation in the nasal passages of the prospective abuser. Therefore, the
Company expects potential nasal abusers of ACUROX™ Tablets to experience mild
burning and irritation of the nasal passages, a lower level of oxycodone
available for nasal absorption and a physically unpleasant gelatinous mass
to
form in the nasal passages. The Company has evaluated the potential for reducing
nasal absorption using a standard in-vitro experimental process. As discussed
below, the Company intends to further evaluate ACUROX™ Tablet nasal abuse
characteristics in laboratory, animal, and phase I clinical
studies.
Aversion®
Technology: Intended to Deter Swallowing Excess Quantities of
Tablets
ACUROX™
Tablets contain two active ingredients. In
each
tablet, oxycodone
HCl is included to provide analgesic effects and niacin is included as a second
active ingredient in a sub-therapeutic amount. We believe that Healthcare
providers, (including physicians, nurses, and pharmacists) generally understand
and recognize that niacin, when administered orally in immediate release tablets
in amounts exceeding by several fold the amount in each ACUROX™ Tablet, may
cause a combination of unpleasant symptoms, including warmth or flushing,
itching, sweating and/or chills, headache and a general feeling of discomfort.
In addition, it is generally recognized that niacin has a well established
safety profile in long term administration at doses far exceeding the amounts
in
each ACUROX™ Tablet. When ACUROX™ Tablets are administered at the anticipated
recommended maximum dose of 2 tablets
every 6 hours it is intended that legitimate pain patients will receive
effective analgesic effects and not be aware of the potential effects of niacin.
However, when a person swallows excess quantities of ACUROX™
Tablets,
it is intended that they will experience an unpleasant combination of symptoms,
including warmth or flushing, itching, sweating and/or chills, headache and
a
general feeling of discomfort. It is expected that these dysphoric symptoms
will
begin approximately 15 minutes after the excess dose is swallowed and
self-resolve approximately 90 minutes later. The Company does not expect that
the undesirable niacin effects will be “fool-proof” in discouraging
swallowing excessive
numbers of
ACUROX™
Tablets.
However, we anticipate
that
inclusion of niacin in ACUROX™
Tablets
and other Aversion® Technology product candidates will deter, to a certain
degree, legitimate pain patients or potential drug abusers from swallowing
excess quantities of ACUROX™
Tablets.
We
anticipate
that
most potential drug abusers or recreational drug users will seek alternative
opioid analgesic products that are generally much easier to abuse than
ACUROX™
Tablets,
and do not have the potential to cause these undesirable niacin effects. As
described below, the Company has evaluated the effects of niacin in three phase
II clinical studies in subjects with and without a history of opioid
abuse.
Expectations
for ACUROX™ Tablets Product Labeling
In
the
U.S., every product approved for commercialization pursuant to an NDA must
be
marketed in accordance with its FDA approved indications and associated product
labeling. The FDA has provided written guidance to the Company stating that
an
indication for abuse deterrence must be supported by data from two adequate
and
well-controlled clinical trials. The Company does not intend to seek an
indication for abuse deterrence for ACUROX™ Tablets. Instead, the Company is
seeking an indication for ACUROX™ Tablets for treatment of moderate to
moderately severe pain. The FDA has also provided written guidance to the
Company stating that language regarding abuse deterrence, which is supported
by
rigorous, scientific data, may be placed into appropriate sections of the
ACUROX™ Tablet product label. In this regard, the Company intends to seek FDA
approval of language in the ACUROX™ Tablet product label describing the physical
characteristics of the product and likely results if attempts are made to
dissolve tablets in solvents for intravenous injection, and/or snort crushed
tablets, and/or swallow excessive numbers of tablets. The Company believes
this
product labeling strategy will provide a viable promotional platform for the
commercialization of ACUROX™ Tablets and other product candidates utilizing
Aversion® Technology. At this stage there can be no assurances that the
Company's product labeling strategy for ACUROX™ Tablets will be successful or
that FDA approved product labeling, if any, will provide a viable
commercialization platform.
-22-
ACUROX™
Tablets Clinical Development Program: Completed and Planned Clinical
Studies
The
clinical
development program for ACUROX™
Tablets
is summarized below. At this stage, the Company cannot provide any assurance
that FDA will not require additional clinical studies prior to their acceptance
for filing of a 505(b)(2) NDA submission for ACUROX™
Tablets.
ACUROX™
Tablets Clinical Development Program
Clinical
Study Number
|
Clinical
Study Description
|
Status
|
||
Phase
I
|
||||
AP-ADF-101
|
Niacin
dose-response in normal subjects
|
Final
study report complete
|
||
AP-ADF-104
|
Phase
I:
Bioequivalence to non
Aversion® Technology Reference Listed Drug
|
Final
study report complete. ACUROX™ tablets are bioequivalent to reference
listed drug
|
||
AP-ADF-106
|
Evaluate
effects of nasal snorting
|
Received
FDA written guidance for protocol design
|
||
AP-ADF-108
|
Single
dose pharmacokinetics
(dose
linearity
and food effect)
|
Subject
enrollment in progress
|
||
AP-ADF-109
|
Multi-dose
pharmacokinetics (dose linearity)
|
Received
FDA written guidance for protocol design
|
||
AP-ADF-110
|
Single
dose pharmacokinetics and bioavailability. Required if there is not
dose
linearity
|
Received
FDA written guidance for protocol design
|
||
Phase
II
|
||||
AP-ADF-102
|
Relative
dislike of oxycodone HCl/niacin versus oxycodone alone in subjects
with a
history of opioid abuse
|
Final
study report complete
|
||
AP-ADF-103
|
Repeat
dose safety and tolerability in normal subjects
|
Final
study report complete
|
||
AP-ADF-107
|
Niacin
dose-response in normal subjects
|
Final
study report complete
|
||
AP-ADF-111
|
Abuse
Liability of ACUROX™ Tablets
|
Study
protocol drafted
|
||
Phase
III
|
||||
AP-ADF-105
|
Pivotal
efficacy and safety
|
Special
Protocol Assessment (SPA) agreed by FDA. Patient enrollment in
progress
|
Summary
of ACUROX™ Tablets Phase II Study Designs, Status and
Results
Study
AP-ADF-102: This
study is titled, "A Phase II Single-Center, Randomized, Double-Blind Study
in
Subjects with a History of Opioid Abuse to Evaluate the Dose-Response for
Flushing and Safety and Tolerability of Varying Doses of Niacin in Combination
with 40mg of an Opioid vs. 40mg of an Opioid Alone."
The
study objectives were 1) to determine the dose response for niacin-induced
flushing in male and female healthy, adult volunteers with a history of opioid
abuse when niacin is administered in combination with 40 mg oxycodone HCl,
2) to
evaluate the safety and tolerability of niacin-induced flushing following
varying niacin doses in combination with 40 mg oxycodone HCl in subjects with
a
history of opioid abuse; 3) to confirm the appropriate strength of niacin to
use
in an Aversion® Technology formulation of oxycodone HCl; 4) to determine whether
the flushing induced by niacin is of sufficient intensity to deter abuse in
a
population of subjects with a history of opioid abuse; and 5) to evaluate the
effect of food on niacin-induced flushing when niacin is administered in
combination with 40 mg oxycodone HCl.
-23-
This
study was a single-center, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled,
five-period crossover study conducted on an inpatient basis with 5 cohorts
of 5
subjects each. Twenty-five subjects (three female and twenty-two male) were
admitted for the study. One male subject completed the first drug condition
but
thereafter withdrew from the study stating personal reasons unrelated to the
study. Twenty-four subjects received a single dose of study drug every 48 hours
for 9 days. Each subject was randomized to a dosing sequence that included
doses
of niacin (0, 240, 480, and 600 mg) administered in combination with 40 mg
oxycodone HCl while the subjects were fasted on Days 1, 3, 5, and 7. On Day
9, a
dose of 600 mg niacin in combination with 40 mg oxycodone HCl was administered
following a standardized high-fat breakfast. Each dosing day, vital sign
measures and subjective and behavioral effects were assessed before dosing
and
at 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, and 12 hours after dosing. Vital signs included
systolic and diastolic blood pressure, heart rate, oral temperature and
respiratory rate. Subjective changes were measured by subject response to a
Drug
Rating Questionnaire (DRQS).
As an additional measure of subjective effects, subjects completed a 40 item
short form of an Addiction Research Center Inventory (ARCI) that yielded three
sub-scale scores - a euphoria scale, a dysphoria scale and a sedation scale.
After completion of the study, subjects responded to a Treatment Enjoyment
Assessment Questionnaire to select which of the treatments they would take
again. Prior to initiating the study, the hypothesis was that the addition
of
niacin to oxycodone would produce effects that are disliked by subjects with
a
history of opioid abuse. The maximum scale response to the question “Do you
dislike the drug effect you are feeling now?” (i.e. the "Disliking Score"), was
designated as the primary efficacy variable. Statistical analysis (maximum
dislike response in comparison to 0 mg niacin) was conducted for DRQS, ARCI
scales and vital signs. Study results were as follows:
(1)
|
In
the fasting state, all three doses of niacin (240mg, 480mg and 600mg)
in
combination with oxycodone 40mg produced significant (p ≤ .05) disliking
scores compared to oxycodone 40mg alone. The linear regression across
niacin dose was not significant. No other subjective measure was
significantly affected by the niacin addition to
oxycodone.
|
(2)
|
The
high fat meal eliminated the niacin effect on oxycodone 40 mg. The
high
fat meal also delayed the time to oxycodone peak blood
levels.
|
(3)
|
The
addition of niacin to oxycodone alters the subjective response to
oxycodone as indicated by the significant responses on the disliking
scale. This observation in conjunction with the results from the
Treatment
Enjoyment Questionnaire indicates that the addition of niacin reduces
the
attractiveness of oxycodone to opiate
abusers.
|
(4)
|
There
were no serious adverse events. Niacin produced a dose related attenuation
of pupillary constriction, diastolic blood pressure increase and
probably
systolic blood pressure increase produced by oxycodone. The alterations
by
niacin on the vital sign responses to oxycodone 40 mg were minimal,
were
seen primarily with the 600 mg niacin dose and were not clinically
significant.
|
The
principal study investigator’s overall conclusion was that the results of this
pharmacodynamic study (Study AP-ADF-102) support the hypothesis that the
addition of niacin to oxycodone in a minimal ratio of 30 mg niacin to 5 mg
oxycodone is aversive when compared to oxycodone alone. The addition of niacin
does not alter the safety profile of oxycodone alone. The Company intends to
include the data and results from StudyAP-ADF-102 in its 505(b)(2) NDA
submission for ACUROX™
Tablets
to the FDA.
Study
AP-ADF-103:
This
study is titled, "A Phase II Single-Center, Randomized, Double-Blind,
Multiple-Dose Study in Healthy Volunteers to Evaluate the Safety and
Tolerability of Niacin in Combination with 5 mg of an Opioid vs. 5 mg of an
Opioid Alone." To assess the safety and tolerability of ACUROX™
(oxycodone/niacin) Tablets in comparison to oxycodone HCl tablets without
niacin, the Company conducted this Phase II single-center, randomized,
double-blind, multiple dose study in 66 healthy adult male and female
volunteers. Subjects were randomly assigned to one of three treatment groups
(22
subjects per treatment group). A run-in phase was conducted on an outpatient
basis for five days and included at-home dosing four times daily and adverse
event and tolerability assessments. The treatment phase followed the run-in
phase and was conducted on an inpatient basis for five days. The treatment
phase
included dosing with ACUROX™
Tablets (with or without niacin) and post-treatment safety and tolerability
assessments. Efficacy (the tolerability of ACUROX™)
was
evaluated with a Side Effects and Symptoms Questionnaire (SESQ) and an
ACUROX™
Tolerability Rating Scale. Safety was evaluated by adverse events and clinical
laboratory and vital signs assessments were conducted periodically during the
study. During the run-in phase, comparable tolerability was demonstrated in
subjects who took ACUROX™
Tablets
with and without niacin. The mean post-dose SESQ total score during the run-in
phase was very low in all groups (highest possible score = 33; Group results
=
0.84 - 1.6) indicating that ACUROX™ was generally well-tolerated when taken at
recommended doses. During the treatment phase, 64% of subjects in Groups 2
and 3
(oxycodone HCl + niacin) reported side effects and symptoms and 50% of subjects
in Group 1 (oxycodone alone) reported side effects and symptoms. Most of the
side effects and symptoms observed during the treatment phase were mild or
moderate in severity. Irrespective of treatment group, approximately three
quarters of subjects reported either “no effect” or “easy to tolerate” on the
ACUROX™
Tolerability Rating Scale. Oxycodone HCl administered four times a day, with
or
without niacin, was determined to be
well
tolerated. Adverse events were reported by 77% of subjects throughout both
phases of the study. The majority of subjects (55%) reported adverse events
during the treatment phase that were considered mild in severity. No severe
adverse events were reported in any treatment group and no clinically important
trends over time were observed in any treatment group for vital signs
measurements (blood pressure, heart rate, and respiratory rate). The Company
intends to include the data and results from Study AP-ADF-103 in its 505(b)(2)
NDA submission to the FDA for ACUROX™ Tablets.
-24-
Study
AP-ADF-107:
This
study is titled "A Phase II Single-Center, Randomized, Double-Blind Study in
Fasted and Non-Fasted Healthy Volunteers to Evaluate the Dose-Response for
Flushing and Safety and Tolerability of Escalating Doses of Niacin." The study
objective was to evaluate the dose-response for niacin-induced flushing, safety,
and tolerability of niacin in the ACUROX™
Tablet
matrix (excluding oxycodone HCl) at various dose levels in both fasted and
fed
subjects. This trial was a Phase II single-center, randomized, double-blind
study in healthy, adult male and female subjects. A total of 50 subjects were
enrolled. The Treatment Phase was conducted on an inpatient basis and included
study drug dosing and safety and tolerability assessments. Each subject received
eight doses of niacin (30, 60, 90, 120, 240, 360, 480, and 600 mg) and three
doses of placebo administered orally in tablet form on eleven separate days
in a
random sequence. Half of the subjects (n=25) took each dose of study drug
following a standardized high-fat breakfast consisting of two fried eggs, hash
browns, two fried bacon strips, toast, butter, and whole milk, and half (n=25)
remained fasted for at least 2 hours after study drug administration. Subjects
were discharged from the Clinical Research Unit on Day 11, approximately 6
hours
after the last dose of study drug administration.
Tolerability
was rated by subjects during the Treatment Phase using a Tolerability Rating
Scale (TRS) completed 3 hours after each dose of study drug. Each subject’s
overall reaction to the study drug was recorded using the following 5-point
scale: 0 = No effect; 1 = Easy to tolerate; 2 = Mildly unpleasant, but
tolerable; 3 = Unpleasant and difficult to tolerate; 4 = Intolerable and would
never take again. The results showed a clear niacin dose-response relationship
in both Fasted and Fed subjects as assessed by the 5-point TRS. The response
ranged from little or no effect at low niacin doses (30 to 90 mg) to more
difficult and unpleasant symptoms at higher doses of niacin (>120 mg). With
Fasted subjects, there was minimal or no effect of niacin at doses of 30 to
60
mg, with ³96%
of
subjects reporting either “no effect” or “easy to tolerate”. Niacin was also
well tolerated at doses of 90 mg, with 86% of Fasted subjects reporting
either “no effect” or “easy to tolerate” and 14% reporting “mildly unpleasant,
but tolerable”. The absence of any notable effects at low doses suggests that
niacin will be well tolerated up to 60 mg per dose and will likely be well
tolerated at 90 mg per dose. As niacin doses escalated from 120 to 360 mg,
a
transition occurred resulting in a larger proportion of Fasted subjects (22%
to
73%) reporting mildly unpleasant, unpleasant, or intolerable effects. At doses
of 480 and 600 mg, most Fasted subjects (³86%)
reported mildly unpleasant, unpleasant, or intolerable effects. At least 40%
of
subjects dosed at 480 and 600 mg reported either “unpleasant and difficult
to tolerate” or “intolerable and would never take again”. The higher doses of
niacin clearly produced undesirable side effects. As anticipated, niacin effects
were mitigated by food. All Fed subjects (100%) receiving 30 to 240 mg niacin
reported “no effect” or “easy to tolerate”. Niacin was also generally well
tolerated at doses of 360 to 600 mg with most Fed subjects (³68%)
reporting “no effect” or “easy to tolerate”.
In
this
study there were no significant adverse events or discontinuations due to
treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs). None of the TEAEs reported were
severe in intensity. A clear niacin dose-response relationship was observed
in
the incidence of AEs. As expected, the most frequently reported TEAE in both
Fasted and Fed subjects was flushing. Flushing occurred more frequently in
Fasted subjects than in Fed subjects with higher incidence as the niacin dose
increased. The majority of Fasted subjects (54% to 88%) reported flushing at
doses of 240 to 600 mg; while the majority of Fed subjects (64%) reported
flushing only at a dose of 600 mg. Most of the events of flushing were moderate
in intensity. No other safety issues were apparent. The Company intends to
include the data and results from Study AP-ADF-107 in its 505(b)(2) NDA
submission to the FDA for ACUROX™
Tablets.
Additional
ACUROX™
Tablets Clinical
Studies
Planned
The
FDA
has requested that the Company complete certain additional clinical studies
for
ACUROX™
Tablets
prior to accepting our 505(b)(2) NDA submission including, as of the date of
this Report, the following:
Study
AP-ADF-105:
This
study is titled “A Phase III, Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled,
Multicenter, Repeat-dose Study of the Safety and Efficacy of ACUROX™
(oxycodone HCl and niacin) Tablets versus Placebo for the Treatment of Acute,
Moderate to Severe Postoperative Pain Following Bunionectomy Surgery in Adult
Patients.” This short term phase III study is planned to enroll approximately
400 patients with moderate to severe pain following bunionectomy surgery.
The
Company submitted the study protocol to the FDA and requested a Special Protocol
Assessment (SPA). Clinical protocols for Phase III trials whose data will form
the primary basis for an efficacy claim are eligible for a SPA. A SPA from
the
FDA is an agreement that the Phase III trial protocol design, clinical
endpoints, and statistical analyses plan are acceptable to support regulatory
approval. A SPA is binding upon the FDA unless a substantial scientific issue
essential to determining safety or efficacy is identified after the testing
is
begun. On June 19, 2007, the Company announced that the FDA and the Company
had
reached agreement on the SPA for Study AP-ADF-105. The Company believes the
completion of Study AP-ADF-105 is the critical time and events path to 505(b)(2)
NDA submission for ACUROX™
Tablets.
Patient enrollment in Study AP-ADF-105 is in progress.
-25-
Study
AP-ADF-106:
This
will be a phase I clinical study, for use in product labeling, evaluating the
nasal irritating characteristics of crushed ACUROX™ Tablets (with and/or without
oxycodone HCl) anticipated to enroll 12-24 normal subjects.
Studies
AP-ADF-108, AP-ADF-109, and if necessary AP-ADF-110: These
will be phase I single dose or multi-dose pharmacokinetic studies anticipated
to
enroll approximately 25-50 normal subjects per study. Subject enrollment in
Study AP-ADF-108 is in progress.
Study
AP-ADF-111:
This
will be a phase II, single-center, randomized, double-blind assessment of the
abuse Liability of ACUROX™ (oxycodone HCl and niacin) Tablets in approximately
30 subjects with a history of opioid abuse. This clinical study has not been
requested by FDA but is being conducted by the Company with the intent of
providing clinical data in support of certain targeted ACUROX™ Tablet product
label claims.
Estimated
Timing for submission of a 505(b)(2) NDA for ACUROX™
Tablets
Estimating
the dates of initiation and completion of clinical studies and the costs to
complete development of the Company's product candidates, including ACUROX™
Tablets, would be speculative and potentially misleading. The Company expects
to
reassess its future research and development plans pending review of data
received from development activities currently in progress and the availability
of cash resources to fund such development activities. The cost and pace of
future research and development activities are linked and subject to change.
At
this stage there can be no assurance that any of the Company’s research and
development efforts, including those for ACUROX™ Tablets, will lead to a
505(b)(2) NDA submission or that if NDA submissions are made with the FDA,
that
any such submission will be accepted for filing or approved by the
FDA.
Results
of Operations for the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2007 and September 30,
2006
Acura
Pharmaceuticals, Inc. is a specialty pharmaceutical company engaged in research,
development and manufacture of innovative Aversion® Technology and related
product candidates. To generate revenue, the
Company plans to enter into license, development and commercialization
agreements with strategically focused pharmaceutical company partners (the
"Partners") providing that such Partners license product candidates utilizing
the Company’s Aversion®
Technology and further develop, register and commercialize multiple formulations
and strengths of such product candidates. The
Company had no revenues for the nine months ended September 30, 2007 and 2006
and relied upon the net proceeds from an offering of the Company’s securities
and bridge loans to fund operations and development activities.
|
Nine Months Ended Sept
30,
|
Change
|
|||||||||||
($ in thousands):
|
2007
|
2006
|
Dollars
|
%
|
|||||||||
Research
and development expenses
|
$
|
2,775
|
$
|
4,174
|
$
|
(1,399
|
)
|
(33.5)7
|
%
|
Research
and development expense in the nine months ended September 30, 2007 and 2006
consisted of development of product candidates utilizing our
Aversion®
Technology, including costs of preclinical, clinical trials, clinical supplies
and related formulation and design costs, salaries and other personnel related
expenses, and facility costs. Included in the 2007 and 2006 results are non-cash
stock-based compensation charges of $355 and $1,811, respectively. Excluding
the
stock-based compensation expense, there is a $57 increase in overall expenses
primarily attributable to a) decreasing clinical study costs of $227, b) $254
of
added insurance costs of which $168 was reclassified from our general and
administrative expenses to our research and development expenses, and c) $30
of
added legal and regulatory consulting expenses. The decrease in
stock-compensation expense of $1,456 (related to the fair value of stock options
and restricted stock units, net of expected forfeitures, granted prior to 2006
which continue to vest and expense over the related employees requisite service
periods), is due to the vesting method used for amortization. The fair value
of
the awards are being amortized using a graded vesting method which treats the
award as if the grant was a series of awards rather than a single award and
attributes a higher percentage of the reported fair value to the earlier
quarters than to the later quarters of the service period.
|
Nine Months Ended Sept
30,
|
Change
|
|||||||||||
($ in thousands):
|
2007
|
2006
|
Dollars
|
%
|
|||||||||
Marketing,
general & administrative expenses
|
$
|
1,959
|
$
|
4,754
|
$
|
(2,795
|
)
|
(58.8
|
)%
|
-26-
During
the nine months ended September 30, 2007, marketing expenses consisted of
Aversion®
Technology primary market research studies and payroll costs. The Company’s
general and administrative expenses primarily consisted of legal, audit and
other professional fees, corporate insurance, and payroll costs. Included in
the
2007 and 2006 results are non-cash stock-based compensation charges of $519
and
$3,143, respectively. Excluding the stock-based compensation expense, the
expenses decreased $171 which is attributable to a) $70 reduction in general
legal services, b) $168 reduction of insurance costs from the reclassification
of these costs from our general and administrative operations to our research
and development expenses, and c) offset by $67 increase in a marketing costs
due
to a research study conducted by the Company in 2007. The decrease in
stock-compensation expense of $2,624 (related to the fair value of stock options
and restricted stock units, net of expected forfeitures, granted prior to 2006
which continue to vest and expense over the related employees requisite service
periods) is due to a nonrecurring $680 expense immediately recorded in February
2006 on the grant of restricted stock units to the Company’s independent
directors, and to the vesting method used for amortization. The fair value
of
the awards is being amortized using a graded vesting method which treats the
award as if the grant was a series of awards rather than a single award and
attributes a higher percentage of the reported fair value to the earlier
quarters than to the later quarters of the service period.
|
Nine Months Ended Sept
30,
|
Change
|
|||||||||||
($ in thousands):
|
2007
|
2006
|
Dollars
|
%
|
|||||||||
Interest
expense, net of interest income
|
$
|
1,033
|
$
|
786
|
$
|
247
|
31.4
|
%
|
The
Company incurred interest on its $5.0 million Secured Term Note at the variable
rate of prime plus 4.5% up to August 19, 2007 and thereafter at the fixed rate
of 10% per annum. Interest on the $5 million Secured Term Note was payable
in
the Company’s common stock through August 19, 2007 and thereafter payable in
cash. Such cash interest is deferred until the earlier of (i) the December
31,
2008 maturity date of the Secured Term Note, or (ii) the Company’s receipt of
proceeds in excess of $5.0 million from a third party pharmaceutical company
or
companies pursuant to which the Company, in one or more transactions, grants
such pharmaceutical company or companies’ rights to any of the Company’s
products or product candidates or rights to the Company’s Aversion® Technology.
The Company also incurred interest on its $10.544 million Senior Secured
Convertible Bridge Notes (collectively, the “Bridge Loans”) at the fixed rate of
10%. Interest on such Bridge Loans through June 30, 2006 was paid in cash.
Commencing with interest due under such Bridge Loans at September 30, 2006,
all
such interest was paid in the Company’s common stock. On August 20, 2007, the
entire $10.544 million principal amount of the Bridge Loans was converted into
the Company’s Units in accordance with the Unit Offering. The increase in net
interest expense in 2007 primarily resulted from the addition of $4.420 million
of Bridge Loans since September 30, 2006.
|
Nine Months Ended Sept
30,
|
Change
|
|||||||||||
($ in thousands):
|
2007
|
2006
|
Dollars
|
%
|
|||||||||
Net
loss
|
$
|
(13,834
|
)
|
$
|
(9,866
|
)
|
$
|
3,968
|
40.2
|
%
|
-27-
The
November and December 2006 Bridge Loans for an aggregate face value of $1,104
included an amended conversion feature which the Company valued at an aggregate
of $1,034. This value was recorded as a liability with an offsetting $1,025
debt
discount (which was amortized over the term of the Bridge Loans) and $9 of
issuance loss. However, as the debt was issued to shareholders who control
the
Company, this loss was recorded as non-cash deemed dividend rather than
effecting net loss. Additional issuances of $896 of Bridge Loans in January
and
February 2007 similarly had aggregate conversion feature value of $849 and
a
loss upon issuance of $3 recorded as non-cash deemed dividend rather than
effecting net loss. The November 2006 amendment of the conversion feature on
all
of the then outstanding Bridge Loans, coupled with the requirement under current
accounting guidance to separate the value of the conversion feature from the
debt, required the Company to record the value of the amended conversion feature
on that outstanding debt as a liability and a loss on the modification of debt.
The Company assigned a value of $19,951 to these conversion features at date
of
modification and reflected that loss as non-cash deemed dividend in the fourth
quarter 2006.
Upon
revaluing the aggregate conversion features on all outstanding Bridge Loans
as
of March 30, 2007 (the date immediately before further amendment to the Bridge
Loans), the Company recorded the resulting increase in value as a $3,483 loss.
The increase in the Company’s common stock trading price from December 31, 2006
to March 30, 2007 resulted in the increase in the value of the conversion
liability. The Bridge Loan amendment on March 30, 2007 limited the conversion
price of the post-October 2006 loans to not less than $0.21 per share. With
this
limit in place, the outstanding conversion feature no longer had to be reflected
as Company liabilities. As such, the Company recorded a $21,086 reclassification
of that liability to additional paid-in capital.
As
a
result of the November 2006 amendment to the Bridge Loans, the Company’s
outstanding common stock purchase warrants started being accounted for as
mark-to-market liabilities with a recorded value of $10,784 at December 31,
2006. Upon revaluing the warrants just before they were exercised or as of
March
30, 2007 (the date immediately before further amendment to the Bridge Loans),
the Company recorded the resulting increase in value as a $1,668 loss. The
increase in the Company’s common stock trading price from December 31, 2006 to
March 30, 2007 resulted in the increase in the value of the warrant liability.
The Bridge Loan amendment on March 30, 2007 limited the conversion price of
the
post-October 2006 loans to no lower than $0.21 per share. With this limit in
place, the outstanding warrants no longer had to be reflected as Company
liabilities. As such, the Company recorded a $12,307 reclassification of that
liability to additional paid-in capital; in addition to a $146 reclassification
relating to warrants exercised during the first quarter of 2007.
In
addition to the items discussed above, other items contributing to the Company’s
reported net loss for the periods were i) $2,700
of
amortization expense related to debt discounts recorded upon issuance of certain
debt agreements dated in latter 2006 and throughout 2007, (the nine month period
ended September 30, 2006 had no such debt amortization expense), ii)
$142
of
share-based compensation expense relating to a dilution adjustment on a
previously issued warrant to a former Company employee pursuant to dilution
protections contained in such warrant recorded during the period ended September
30, 2006, iii) anti-dilution clauses contained in certain warrants were
triggered resulting in a loss of $236,000 with an equal amount recorded against
equity and iv) disposals of capital equipment and other expenses during the
periods resulted in reported income of $20 and a expense of $10 for the 2007
and
2006 periods, respectively.
Results
of Operations for the Three Months Ended September 30, 2007 and September 30,
2006
The
Company had no revenues for the three months ended September 30, 2007 and 2006
and relied upon the net proceeds from an offering of the Company’s securities
and bridge loans to fund operations and development activities.
|
Three Months Ended Sept
30,
|
Change
|
|||||||||||
($ in thousands):
|
2007
|
2006
|
Dollars
|
%
|
|||||||||
Research
and development expenses
|
$
|
827
|
$
|
1,630
|
$
|
(803
|
)
|
(49.3
|
)%
|
-28-
Research
and development expense in the three months ended September 30, 2007 and 2006
consisted of development of product candidates utilizing our
Aversion®
Technology, including costs of preclinical, clinical trials, clinical supplies
and related formulation and design costs, salaries and other personnel related
expenses, and facility costs. Included in the 2007 and 2006 results are non-cash
stock-based compensation charges of $61 and $358, respectively. Excluding the
stock-based compensation expense, there is a $506 decreases in overall expenses
primarily attributable to $562 of reduced clinical study costs and $56 of added
insurance costs reclassified from our general and administrative operations
and
assigned to our research and development operations. During the three months
ended September 30, 2006, the Company had various studies in progress, including
studies AP-ADF-102 and AP-ADF-107. The decrease in stock-compensation expense
of
$297 (related to the fair value of stock options and restricted stock units,
net
of expected forfeitures, granted prior to 2006 which continue to vest and
expense over the related employees requisite service periods), is due to the
vesting method used for amortization. The fair value of the awards are being
amortized using a graded vesting method which treats the award as if the grant
was a series of awards rather than a single award and attributes a higher
percentage of the reported fair value to the earlier quarters than to the later
quarters of the service period.
|
Three Months Ended Sept
30,
|
Change
|
|||||||||||
($ in thousands):
|
2007
|
2006
|
Dollars
|
%
|
|||||||||
Marketing,
general & administrative expenses
|
$
|
593
|
$
|
1,031
|
$
|
(440
|
)
|
(42.7)7
|
%
|
During
the three months ended September 30, 2007, marketing expenses consisted of
Aversion®
Technology primary market research studies and payroll costs. The Company’s
general and administrative expenses primarily consisted of legal, audit and
other professional fees, corporate insurance, and payroll costs. Included in
the
2007 and 2006 results are non-cash stock-based compensation charges of $90
and
$519, respectively. Excluding the stock-based compensation expense, the decrease
of $9 in overall expenses is attributable to a) $72 increase in legal and
accounting professional services, b) $56 reduction in insurance costs from
the
reclassification of these costs from our general and administrative expense
to
our research and development expenses, and c) $25 decrease in marketing research
costs pertaining to studies conducted by the Company. The decrease in
stock-compensation expense of $429 (related to the fair value of stock options
and restricted stock units, net of expected forfeitures, granted prior to 2006
which continue to vest and expense over the related employees’ requisite service
periods) is due to the vesting method used for amortization. The fair value
of
the awards is being amortized using a graded vesting method which treats the
award as if the grant was a series of awards rather than a single award and
attributes a higher percentage of the reported fair value to the earlier
quarters than to the later quarters of the service period.
|
Three Months Ended Sept
30,
|
Change
|
|||||||||||
($ in thousands):
|
2007
|
2006
|
Dollars
|
%
|
|||||||||
Interest
expense, net of interest income
|
$
|
224
|
$
|
301
|
$
|
(77
|
)
|
(25.6
|
)%
|
The
Company incurred interest on its $5.0 million Secured Term Note at the variable
rate of prime plus 4.5% up to August 19, 2007 and thereafter at the fixed rate
of 10%. Interest on the $5.0 million Secured Term Note was payable in the
Company’s common stock through August 19, 2007 and thereafter is payable in
cash. Such cash interest is deferred until the earlier of (i) the December
31,
2008 maturity date of the Secured Term Note, or (ii) the Company’s receipt of
proceeds in excess of $5.0 million from a third party pharmaceutical company
or
companies pursuant to which the Company, in one or more transactions, grants
such pharmaceutical company or companies’ rights to any of the Company’s
products or product candidates or rights to the Company’s Aversion® Technology.
The Company also incurred interest on its $10.544 million Senior Secured
Convertible Bridge Notes (collectively, the “Bridge Loans”) at the fixed rate of
10%. Interest on such Bridge Loans through June 30, 2006 was paid in cash.
Commencing with interest due under such Bridge Loans at September 30, 2006,
all
such interest was paid in the Company’s common stock. On August 20, 2007, the
entire $10.544 million principal amount of the Bridge Loans was converted into
the Company’s Units in accordance with the Unit Offering. The Company’s Bridge
Loans increased by $4.420 million since September 30, 2006, however the decrease
in interest expense reflects both the reduction in the $5.0 million Secured
Term
Note’s interest rate and the conversion of all Bridge Loans as discussed
above.
|
Three Months Ended Sept
30,
|
Change
|
|||||||||||
($ in thousands):
|
2007
|
2006
|
Dollars
|
%
|
|||||||||
Net
loss
|
$
|
(2,476
|
)
|
$
|
(3,097
|
)
|
$
|
(621
|
)
|
(20.1
|
)%
|
Contributing
to the Company’s reported net loss for the periods were i) $598
of
amortization expense related to debt discounts recorded upon issuance of certain
debt agreements dating March 30, 2007 and thereafter, recorded during the period
ended September 30, 2007, (the period ended September 30, 2006 had no such
debt
amortization expense), ii) $142
of
share-based compensation expense relating to a dilution adjustment on a
previously issued warrant to a former Company employee pursuant to dilution
protections contained in such warrant recorded during the period ended September
30, 2006, iii) anti-dilution clauses contained in certain warrants were
triggered resulting in a loss of $236,000 with an equal amount recorded against
equity and iv) disposals of capital equipment resulted in reported losses of
$2
and $7 for the 2007 and 2006 periods, respectively.
-29-
Liquidity
and Capital Resources
At
September 30, 2007, the Company had unrestricted cash and cash equivalents
of
$12.0 million compared to $0.2 million at December 31, 2006. The Company had
working capital of $13.1 million at September 30, 2007 compared to a working
capital deficit of $28.6 million at December 31, 2006. The increase in cash
and
working capital at September 30, 2007 is due primarily to the net proceeds
of
$14.2 million received under the Company’s Unit Offering, the receipt of $2.7
million in Bridge Loan in July 2007, and the conversion of the entire $10.544
million principal amount of the Company’s outstanding Bridge Loans into Units in
the Unit Offering. Cash flows used in operating activities were $5.0 million
and
$3.7 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2007 and 2006,
respectively, primarily representing our net loss for those periods less
non-cash charges related to amortization of debt discount, fair value changes
of
conversion features and common stock warrants for the 2007 period, and stock
compensation and common stock issued for interest for both 2007 and 2006
periods. Capital expenditures offset by proceeds from asset disposals include
cash flows used in investing activities for the 2007 period and were less than
$50,000 in the 2006 period. Our financing activities of $16.8 million for the
2007 nine month period related primarily to Unit Offering and additional Bridge
Loan borrowings. Our financing activities of $3.6 million for the 2006 nine
month period related primarily to additional Bridge Loans.
Commercial
Focus, Cash Reserves and Funding Requirements
As
of
November 1, 2007, the Company had cash and cash equivalents of approximately
$11.3 million, which included the proceeds from an additional Bridge Loan funded
in July 2007 and the net proceeds from the Company’s Unit Offering. The Company
estimates that such cash reserves will fund operations through September 2008.
To fund further operations and product development activities beyond September
2008, the Company must raise additional financing, or must successfully close
the Agreement described in Note 12 (Recent Events) under the caption "King
Agreement" and receive the $30 million up-front non-refundable cash payment
anticipated to be received upon the closing of such Agreement. No assurance
can
be given that the condition to the closing of the Agreement will be satisfied,
that the Company will receive the milestone and royalty payments provided for
in
the Agreement, or that the Company will be successful in entering into similar
agreements with other pharmaceuticals partners to develop and commercialize
products incorporating the Aversion® Technology. In the absence of the Company’s
receipt of the upfront, milestone payment provided for in the Agreement, the
receipt of payments under similar license agreements anticipated to be
negotiated and executed by the Company with other pharmaceutical company
partners, or the receipt of financing from other sources, the Company may be
required to scale back or terminate operations and possibly seek protection
under applicable bankruptcy laws. The Company's failure to successfully develop
the Aversion®
Technology in a timely manner, and to avoid infringing patents and other
intellectual property rights of third parties will have a material adverse
impact on its financial condition and results of operations.
In
view
of the matters described above, recoverability of a major portion of the
recorded asset amounts shown in the Company's accompanying consolidated balance
sheets is dependent upon continued operations of the Company, which in turn
are
dependent upon the Company's ability to meet its financing requirements on
a
continuing basis, to maintain present financing, and to succeed in its future
operations. The Company's financial statements do not include any adjustments
relating to the recoverability and classification of recorded asset amounts
or
amounts and classification of liabilities that might be necessary should the
Company be unable to continue in existence.
The
following table presents the Company's expected cash requirements for
contractual obligations outstanding as of September 30, 2007 (in
thousands):
Expected
cash payments on
contractual
obligations outstanding
at
September 30, 2007
|
Total
|
Due
in 2007
|
Due
in 2008
|
Due
Thereafter
|
|||||||||
Term
note
|
$
|
4,992
|
$
|
-
|
$
|
4,992
|
$
|
-
|
|||||
Interest
on term note (see #1 below)
|
770
|
-
|
770
|
-
|
|||||||||
Capital
leases
|
13
|
6
|
7
|
-
|
|||||||||
Operating
leases
|
12
|
7
|
5
|
-
|
|||||||||
Clinical
trials
|
4,303
|
2,170
|
2,133
|
-
|
|||||||||
Employment
agreements
|
185
|
185
|
-
|
-
|
|||||||||
Total
contractual cash obligations
|
$
|
10,275
|
$
|
2,368
|
$
|
7,907
|
$
|
-
|
-30-
Expected
cash payments on
contractual
obligations entered into
subsequent to September 30, 2007 |
Total
|
|
|
Due
in 2007
|
|
|
Due
in 2008
|
|
|
Due
Thereafter
|
|
||
Clinical
trials
|
$
|
398
|
$
|
172
|
$
|
226
|
$
|
-
|
|||||
Employment
agreements
|
740
|
-
|
740
|
-
|
|||||||||
Total
contractual cash obligations
|
$
|
1,138
|
$
|
172
|
$
|
966
|
$
|
-
|
(1)
|
The
interest on the
Company’s fixed rate Senior Secured Term Note is payable in cash upon the
earlier of (i) the maturity date of the Note or (ii) the Company’s receipt
of proceeds in excess of $5.0 million from a third party company
in a
licensing or similar transaction relating to the Company’s Aversion®
Technology.
|
Critical
Accounting Policies
Note
A of
the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements, in the Company’s 2006 Annual
Report on Form 10-K, includes a summary of the Company's significant accounting
policies and methods used in the preparation of the financial statements. The
application of these accounting policies involves the exercise of judgment
and
use of assumptions as to future uncertainties and, as a result, actual results
could differ from these estimates. The Company does not believe there is a
consequential likelihood that materially different amounts would be reported
under different conditions or using different assumptions. The Company's
critical accounting policies described in that Annual Report are the same as
applicable to 2007.
Item
4.
Controls and Procedures
Evaluation
of Disclosure Controls and Procedures. The
Company carried out an evaluation, under the supervision and with the
participation of the Company's management, including the Company's Chief
Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, of the effectiveness of the
design and operation of the Company's disclosure controls and procedures
pursuant to Exchange Act Rule 13a-14 as of the end of the period covered by
this
Report. Based upon that evaluation, the Chief Executive Officer and Chief
Financial Officer concluded that the Company's disclosure controls and
procedures are effective in timely alerting them to material information
relating to the Company (including its consolidated subsidiary) required to
be
included in the Company's periodic Securities and Exchange Commission filings.
No significant changes were made in the Company's internal controls or in other
factors that could significantly affect these controls subsequent to the date
of
their evaluation.
Changes
in Internal Control over Financial Reporting. There
was
no change in the Company's internal control over financial reporting that
occurred during the period covered by this Report that has materially affected,
or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company's internal control
over financial reporting.
PART
II
Item
1A.
Risk Factors Relating To The Company
In
addition to the Risk Factors set forth in Item 1A of the Company’s Annual Report
on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2006, shareholders and prospective
investors in the Company’s common stock should carefully consider the following
risks:
-31-
Any
Future Sale of a Substantial Number of Shares to be included in the Company’s
Registration Statement Could Depress the Trading Price of our Stock, Lower
our
Value and Make It More Difficult for us to Raise Capital
In
accordance with the terms of the Securities Purchase Agreement dated August
20,
2007 between us and the Investors named therein pursuant to which we completed
our Unit Offering, we are obligated to file a registration statement with the
U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission to register the shares included in
the
Units issued pursuant to the Securities Purchase Agreement, including shares
underlying warrants included in the Units. In addition, pursuant to the exercise
of previously granted piggyback registration rights, each of GCE Holdings,
LLC,
Galen Partners III, L.P., Galen Partners International III, L.P., Galen Employee
Fund III, L.P., Care Capital Investments II, LP, Care Capital Offshore
Investments II, LP and Essex Woodlands Health Ventures V, L.P. have exercised
their piggyback registration rights to include an aggregate of
265,840,164 shares
in
such registration statement. As a result, 384,099,399 shares (representing
approximately 75% of our shares outstanding on a fully-diluted basis - including
all derivative securities, whether or not currently exercisable) are proposed
to
be included in the registration statement for resale by selling stockholders,
including 355,164,234 shares held by affiliates. If some or all of such shares
proposed to be included in the registration statement are sold by affiliates
and
others it will likely have the effect of depressing the trading price of our
common stock. In addition, such sales could lower our value and make it more
difficult for us to raise capital.
There
Can Be No Assurance That The Total Market Capitalization Of Our Common Stock
(The Aggregate Value Of Our Common Stock At The Then Market Price) After A
Reverse Stock Split Will Be Equal To Or Greater Than The Total Market
Capitalization Before A Reverse Stock Split Or That The Per Share Market Price
Of Our Common Stock Following A Reverse Stock Split Will Equal Or Exceed The
Current Per Share Market Price
On
December 14, 2006, our shareholders authorized our Board of Directors, in its
discretion, to effect a reverse stock split of our common stock at one of six
ratios on or prior to December 14, 2007. If our Board of Directors elects to
implement the reverse stock split prior to December 14, 2007, it would be
authorized to do so without need for any further shareholder action. Our Board
may also affect a reverse stock split following December 14, 2007 upon receipt
of the approval of our stockholders. If our Board elects to affect a reverse
stock split, there can be no assurance that the market price per new share
of
our common stock after the reverse stock split will increase in proportion
to
the reduction in the number of shares of our common stock outstanding before
the
reverse stock split. For example, if the market price of our common stock on
the
OTCBB before the reverse split was $1.00 per share, and if our Board of
Directors decided to implement the reverse stock split and selects a reverse
stock split ratio of one-for-ten, there can be no assurance that the post-split
market price of our common stock would be $10.00 per share or greater. Further,
following a reverse stock split there can be no assurance that the market price
of our common stock will rise to or maintain any particular level or that we
will at any time or at all times be able to meet the minimum-bid-price and
other
requirements for obtaining a listing of our common stock on the American Stock
Exchange or the Nasdaq Capital Market and for maintaining such a
listing.
If
A Reverse Stock Split Is Effected, The Resulting Per-Share Stock Price May
Not
Attract Institutional Investors Or Investment Funds And May Not Satisfy The
Investing Guidelines Of Such Investors
There
can
be no assurance that a reverse stock split will result in a per-share price
that
will attract institutional investors or investment funds or that such share
price will satisfy the investing guidelines of institutional investors or
investment funds.
Item
2. Unregistered
Sale of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds
Issuance
of Common Stock and Warrants. During
the Quarter Ended September 30, 2007, as a result of the Company’s Securities
Purchase Agreement, the Company issued common stock and common stock warrants
in
the amounts of i) 55,555,544 shares and 13,888,885 warrants for cash
consideration of $15.0 million and ii) 39,051,844 shares and 9,762,962 warrants
for the conversion of $10.544 million in principal amount under the Company’s
outstanding Bridge Loans.
-32-
Exemption
from Registration. The
Company issued the above-described Common Stock and Warrants in reliance upon
the exemption from registration provided by Section 4(2) of the Securities
Act
of 1933, as amended and/or Regulation D promulgated under the Securities Act
of
1933. Each of the recipients of such securities represented to the Company
that
such holder was an accredited investor as defined in Rule 501(a) of the
Securities Act of 1933 and that the securities issued pursuant thereto were
being acquired for investment purposes.
Item
6. Exhibits
The
exhibits required to be filed as part of this Report are listed below.
31.1
|
Certification
of Periodic Report by Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Rule 13a-14
and
15d-14 of the Securities Exchange Act of
1934.
|
31.2
|
Certification
of Periodic Report by Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Rule 13a-14
and
15d-14 of the Securities Exchange Act of
1934.
|
32.1
|
Certification
of Periodic Report by the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial
Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to
Section
906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of
2002.
|
-33-
SIGNATURES
Pursuant
to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant
has
duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto
duly authorized.
November
2,
2007
|
ACURA PHARMACEUTICALS, INC. | |
|
|
|
/s/
Andrew D. Reddick
|
||
Andrew
D. Reddick
President
& Chief Executive Officer
|
/s/
Peter A. Clemens
|
||
Peter
A. Clemens
Senior
VP & Chief Financial
Officer
|
-34-