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Acushnet Holdings Corp. - Quarter Report: 2018 March (Form 10-Q)


UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, DC 20549
Form 10-Q

☒    QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the quarterly period ended March 31, 2018
or
☐    TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the transition period from  to    
Commission file number: 001‑37935
Acushnet Holdings Corp.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
Delaware
45‑2644353
(State or other jurisdiction of
(I.R.S. Employer
incorporation or organization)
Identification No.)
 
 
333 Bridge Street
 
Fairhaven, Massachusetts
02719
(Address of principal executive offices)
(Zip Code)
 
(800) 225‑8500
(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒  No ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files). Yes ☒  No ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer”, “accelerated filer”,  “smaller reporting company” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b‑2 of the Exchange Act.
Large accelerated ☐
Accelerated filer ☒
Non-accelerated filer ☐

Smaller reporting company ☐
(Do not check if a smaller reporting company)
Emerging growth company ☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act.  
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b‑2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐  No ☒
The registrant had 74,744,536 shares of common stock outstanding as of April 27, 2018.

 
 

Table of Contents

ACUSHNET HOLDINGS CORP.
FORM 10-Q
FOR THE QUARTERLY PERIOD ENDED March 31, 2018
TABLE OF CONTENTS
 
 
 
 
Page No.
 
 
 

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SPECIAL NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q contains “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), which are subject to the “safe harbor” created by that section. These forward-looking statements are included throughout this report, including in the section entitled “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations,” and relate to matters such as our industry, business strategy, goals and expectations concerning our market position, future operations, margins, profitability, capital expenditures, liquidity and capital resources and other financial and operating information. We have used the words “anticipate,” “assume,” “believe,” “continue,” “could,” “estimate,” “expect,” “intend,” “may,” “plan,” “potential,” “predict,” “project,” “future,” “will,” “seek,” “foreseeable” and similar terms and phrases to identify forward-looking statements in this report, although not all forward-looking statements use these identifying words.

The forward-looking statements contained in this report are based on management’s current expectations and are subject to uncertainty and changes in circumstances. We cannot assure you that future developments affecting us will be those that we have anticipated. Actual results may differ materially from these expectations due to changes in global, regional or local economic, business, competitive, market, regulatory and other factors, many of which are beyond our control. We believe that these factors include, but are not limited to:

a reduction in the number of rounds of golf played or in the number of golf participants;
unfavorable weather conditions may impact the number of playable days and rounds played in a given year;
macroeconomic factors may affect the number of rounds of golf played and related spending on golf products;
demographic factors may affect the number of golf participants and related spending on our products;
a significant disruption in the operations of our manufacturing, assembly or distribution facilities;
our ability to procure raw materials or components of our products;
a disruption in the operations of our suppliers;
cost of raw materials and components;
currency transaction and translation risk;
our ability to successfully manage the frequent introduction of new products;
our reliance on technical innovation and high-quality products;
changes of the Rules of Golf with respect to equipment;
our ability to adequately enforce and protect our intellectual property rights;
involvement in lawsuits to protect, defend or enforce our intellectual property rights;
our ability to prevent infringement of intellectual property rights by others;
recent changes to U.S. patent laws and proposed changes to the rules of the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office;
intense competition and our ability to maintain a competitive advantage in each of our markets;
limited opportunities for future growth in sales of golf balls, golf shoes and golf gloves;
our customers’ financial condition, their levels of business activity and their ability to pay trade obligations;
a decrease in corporate spending on our custom logo golf balls;
our ability to maintain and further develop our sales channels;
consolidation of retailers or concentration of retail market share;
our ability to maintain and enhance our brands;
seasonal fluctuations of our business;
fluctuations of our business based on the timing of new product introductions;
risks associated with doing business globally;
compliance with laws, regulations and policies, including the U.S. Foreign Corrupt Practices Act or other applicable anti-corruption legislation;
our ability to secure professional golfers to endorse or use our products;
negative publicity relating to us or the golfers who use our products or the golf industry in general;
our ability to accurately forecast demand for our products;
a disruption in the service or increase in cost, of our primary delivery and shipping services or a significant disruption at shipping ports;
our ability to maintain our information systems to adequately perform their functions;
cybersecurity risks;
the ability of our eCommerce systems to function effectively;
occurrence of natural disasters or pandemic diseases;
impairment of goodwill and identifiable intangible assets;
our ability to attract and/or retain management and other key employees and hire qualified management, technical and manufacturing personnel;

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our ability to prohibit sales of our products by unauthorized retailers or distributors;
our ability to grow our presence in existing international markets and expand into additional international markets;
tax uncertainties, including potential changes in tax laws, unanticipated tax liabilities and limitations on utilization of tax attributes after any change of control;
adequate levels of coverage of our insurance policies;
product liability, warranty and recall claims;
litigation and other regulatory proceedings;
compliance with environmental, health and safety laws and regulations;
our ability to secure additional capital on terms acceptable to us and potential dilution of holders of our common stock;
our estimates or judgments relating to our critical accounting policies;
terrorist activities and international political instability;
our substantial leverage, ability to service our indebtedness, ability to incur more indebtedness and restrictions in the agreements governing our indebtedness;
a sale, foreclosure, liquidation or other transfer of the shares of our common stock owned by Magnus Holdings Co., Ltd. (“Magnus”) as a result of the loans borrowed by Magnus which are secured by shares of our common stock (the “Magnus Loans”);
the ability of our controlling shareholder to control significant corporate activities, and our controlling shareholder’s interests may conflict with yours;
any pledge by Fila Korea Co., Ltd. of the common stock of Magnus;
the insolvency laws of Korea are different from U.S. bankruptcy laws;
our status as a controlled company;
the costs and regulatory requirements of operating as a public company;
our ability to maintain effective internal controls over financial reporting;
our ability to pay dividends;
dilution from future issuances or sales of our common stock;
anti-takeover provisions in our organizational documents;
reports from securities analysts; and
other factors discussed under the heading "Risk Factors" in our most recent Annual Report on Form 10-K.

These factors should not be construed as exhaustive and should be read in conjunction with the other cautionary statements that are included in this report. Should one or more of these risks or uncertainties materialize, or should any of our assumptions prove incorrect, our actual results may vary in material respects from those projected in these forward-looking statements.

Any forward-looking statement made by us in this report speaks only as of the date of this report. Factors or events that could cause our actual results to differ may emerge from time to time, and it is not possible for us to predict all of them. We may not actually achieve the plans, intentions or expectations disclosed in our forward-looking statements and you should not place undue reliance on our forward-looking statements. Our forward-looking statements do not reflect the potential impact of any future acquisitions, mergers, dispositions, joint ventures, investments or other strategic transactions we may make. We undertake no obligation to publicly update or review any forward-looking statement, whether as a result of new information, future developments or otherwise, except as may be required by any applicable securities laws.

Website Disclosure

We use our website (www.acushnetholdingscorp.com) as a channel of distribution of company information. The information we post through this channel may be material. Accordingly, investors should monitor this channel, in addition to following our press releases, Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) filings and public conference calls and webcasts. In addition, you may automatically receive e-mail alerts and other information about Acushnet Holdings Corp. when you enroll your e-mail address by visiting the “Resources” section of our website at https://www.acushnetholdingscorp.com/investors/resources. The contents of our website are not, however, a part of this report.

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PART I.       FINANCIAL INFORMATION
ITEM 1.      FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
INDEX TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
 
Page(s)
Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 


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ACUSHNET HOLDINGS CORP.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS (UNAUDITED)
 
 
 
March 31,
 
December 31,
(in thousands, except share and per share amounts)
 
2018
 
2017
Assets
 
 
 
 
Current assets
 
 
 
 
Cash and restricted cash ($16,031 and $13,086 attributable to the variable interest entity ("VIE"))
 
$
48,370

 
$
47,722

Accounts receivable, net
 
348,516

 
190,851

Inventories ($10,841 and $13,692 attributable to the VIE)
 
363,328

 
363,962

Other assets
 
86,922

 
84,541

Total current assets
 
847,136


687,076

Property, plant and equipment, net ($10,010 and $10,240 attributable to the VIE)
 
225,257

 
228,922

Goodwill ($32,312 and $32,312 attributable to the VIE)
 
188,750

 
185,941

Intangible assets, net
 
480,043

 
481,234

Deferred income taxes
 
106,573

 
110,318

Other assets ($2,740 and $2,738 attributable to the VIE)
 
35,129

 
33,833

Total assets
 
$
1,882,888


$
1,727,324

Liabilities and Shareholders' Equity
 
 
 
 
Current liabilities
 
 
 
 
Short-term debt
 
$
135,249

 
$
20,364

Current portion of long-term debt
 
29,688

 
26,719

Accounts payable ($7,276 and $10,587 attributable to the VIE)
 
91,447

 
92,759

Accrued income taxes
 
37,291

 
34,310

Accrued compensation and benefits
 
65,389

 
80,189

Accrued expenses and other liabilities ($4,925 and $2,719 attributable to the VIE)
 
71,105

 
52,442

Total current liabilities
 
430,169

 
306,783

Long-term debt and capital lease obligations
 
408,259

 
416,970

Deferred income taxes
 
9,288

 
9,318

Accrued pension and other postretirement benefits ($1,691 and $1,908 attributable to the VIE)
 
130,660

 
130,160

Other noncurrent liabilities ($4,903 and $4,689 attributable to the VIE)
 
18,443

 
16,701

Total liabilities
 
996,819


879,932

Commitments and contingencies (Note 16)
 

 

Shareholders' equity
 
 
 
 
Common stock, $0.001 par value, 500,000,000 shares authorized; 74,744,536 and 74,479,319 shares issued and outstanding
 
75

 
74

Additional paid-in capital
 
896,450

 
894,727

Accumulated other comprehensive loss, net of tax
 
(80,142
)
 
(81,691
)
Retained earnings
 
37,816

 
1,618

Total equity attributable to Acushnet Holdings Corp.
 
854,199


814,728

Noncontrolling interests
 
31,870

 
32,664

Total shareholders' equity
 
886,069


847,392

Total liabilities and shareholders' equity
 
$
1,882,888


$
1,727,324


The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.


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ACUSHNET HOLDINGS CORP.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS (UNAUDITED)
 
 
 
Three months ended March 31,
(in thousands, except share and per share amounts)
 
2018
 
2017
Net sales
 
$
441,801

 
$
433,615

Cost of goods sold
 
214,127

 
207,200

Gross profit

227,674


226,415

Operating expenses:
 
 
 
 
Selling, general and administrative
 
151,368

 
147,812

Research and development
 
12,392

 
12,507

Intangible amortization
 
1,630

 
1,622

Income from operations

62,284


64,474

Interest expense, net
 
4,408

 
2,922

Other (income) expense, net
 
(434
)
 
(563
)
Income before income taxes

58,310


62,115

Income tax expense
 
15,220

 
22,485

Net income

43,090


39,630

Less:  Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests
 
(1,606
)
 
(1,516
)
Net income attributable to Acushnet Holdings Corp.

$
41,484


$
38,114

Net income per common share attributable to Acushnet Holdings Corp.:
 
 
 
 
Basic
 
$
0.56

 
$
0.51

Diluted
 
0.55

 
0.51

Cash dividends declared per common share:
 
$
0.13

 
$
0.12

Weighted average number of common shares:
 
 
 
 
Basic
 
74,650,237

 
74,220,771

Diluted
 
74,793,823

 
74,250,155


The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.


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ACUSHNET HOLDINGS CORP.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS) (UNAUDITED)
 
 
 
Three months ended March 31,
(in thousands)
 
2018
 
2017
Net income
 
$
43,090

 
$
39,630

Other comprehensive income (loss)
 
 
 
 
Foreign currency translation adjustments
 
 
 
 
Unrealized holding gains arising during period
 
11,913

 
11,580

Foreign exchange translation adjustments, net
 
11,913

 
11,580

Foreign exchange derivative instruments
 
 
 
 
Unrealized holding losses arising during period
 
(7,081
)
 
(11,745
)
Reclassification adjustments included in net income
 
708

 
(1,811
)
Tax benefit
 
2,113

 
3,197

Foreign exchange derivative instruments, net
 
(4,260
)

(10,359
)
Available-for-sale securities
 
 
 
 
Unrealized holding losses arising during period
 

 
(105
)
Tax benefit
 

 
40

Available-for-sale securities, net



(65
)
Pension and other postretirement benefits
 
 
 
 
Pension and other postretirement benefits adjustments
 
34

 
(182
)
Tax benefit (expense)
 
(6
)
 
63

Pension and other postretirement benefits adjustments, net

28


(119
)
 
 
 
 
 
Total other comprehensive income
 
7,681

 
1,037

 
 
 
 
 
Comprehensive income
 
50,771

 
40,667

Less:  Comprehensive income attributable to noncontrolling interests
 
(1,606
)
 
(1,516
)
Comprehensive income attributable to Acushnet Holdings Corp.

$
49,165


$
39,151




The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.


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ACUSHNET HOLDINGS CORP.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS (UNAUDITED)
 
 
Three months ended March 31,
(in thousands)
2018
 
2017
Cash flows from operating activities
 
 
 
Net income
$
43,090

 
$
39,630

Adjustments to reconcile net income to cash provided by (used in) operating activities
 
 
 
Depreciation and amortization
10,325

 
10,161

Unrealized foreign exchange (gain) loss
(1,681
)
 
37

Amortization of debt issuance costs
331

 
330

Share-based compensation
4,126

 
3,847

Loss on disposals of property, plant and equipment

 
319

Deferred income taxes
6,369

 
13,499

Changes in operating assets and liabilities
 
 
 
Accounts receivable
(152,626
)
 
(138,926
)
Inventories
7,457

 
14,720

Accounts payable
(765
)
 
6,427

Accrued income taxes
2,084

 
(10,960
)
Other assets and liabilities
(5,542
)
 
(162,572
)
Cash flows used in operating activities
(86,832
)

(223,488
)
Cash flows from investing activities
 
 
 
Additions to property, plant and equipment
(5,887
)
 
(3,676
)
Other investing activity
(2,496
)
 

Cash flows used in investing activities
(8,383
)
 
(3,676
)
Cash flows from financing activities
 
 
 
Proceeds from short-term borrowings, net
113,293

 
125,982

Proceeds from delayed draw term loan A facility

 
100,000

Repayments of delayed draw term loan A facility
(1,250
)
 
(1,250
)
Repayment of term loan facilities
(4,688
)
 
(4,688
)
Dividends paid on common stock
(9,898
)
 

Payment of employee restricted stock tax withholdings
(2,634
)
 
(903
)
Cash flows provided by financing activities
94,823


219,141

Effect of foreign exchange rate changes on cash
1,040

 
1,621

Net increase (decrease) in cash
648

 
(6,402
)
Cash and restricted cash, beginning of year
47,722

 
79,140

Cash and restricted cash, end of period
$
48,370


$
72,738

Supplemental information
 
 
 
Non-cash additions to property, plant and equipment
774

 
121

Dividends declared to noncontrolling interests but not paid
2,400

 
2,400

Dividend equivalents declared not paid
201

 
169

Dividends declared to stockholders but not paid

 
8,983


The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.


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ACUSHNET HOLDINGS CORP.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY (UNAUDITED)
 
 
Common Stock
 
Additional
Paid-in
Capital
 
Accumulated
Other
Comprehensive
Loss
 
Retained
Earnings
 
Total
Shareholders'
Equity
Attributable
to Acushnet
Holdings Corp.
 
Noncontrolling
Interest
 
Total
Shareholders'
Equity
(in thousands)
Shares
 
Amount
 
 
 
 
 
 
Balances at December 31, 2017
74,479

 
$
74

 
$
894,727

 
$
(81,691
)
 
$
1,618

 
$
814,728

 
$
32,664

 
$
847,392

Adoption of new accounting standards (Notes 1, 2 & 10)

 

 

 
(6,132
)
 
4,631

 
(1,501
)
 

 
(1,501
)
Net income

 

 

 

 
41,484

 
41,484

 
1,606

 
43,090

Other comprehensive income

 

 

 
7,681

 

 
7,681

 

 
7,681

Share-based compensation

 

 
4,357

 

 

 
4,357

 

 
4,357

Vesting of restricted common stock,
   net of shares withheld for employee taxes
265

 
1

 
(2,634
)
 

 

 
(2,633
)
 

 
(2,633
)
Dividends and dividend equivalents declared

 

 

 

 
(9,917
)
 
(9,917
)
 

 
(9,917
)
Dividends declared to noncontrolling interests

 

 

 

 

 

 
(2,400
)
 
(2,400
)
Balances at March 31, 2018
74,744

 
$
75

 
$
896,450

 
$
(80,142
)
 
$
37,816

 
$
854,199

 
$
31,870

 
$
886,069

 
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

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ACUSHNET HOLDINGS CORP.
NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
1. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
Basis of Presentation
The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (“U.S. GAAP”) and include the accounts of Acushnet Holdings Corp. (the “Company”), its wholly owned subsidiaries and a variable interest entity (“VIE”) in which the Company is the primary beneficiary. All intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. Certain prior period amounts have been reclassified to conform to current year presentation.
Certain information in footnote disclosures normally included in annual financial statements has been condensed or omitted for the interim periods presented in accordance with the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) and U.S. GAAP. The year-end balance sheet data was derived from audited financial statements; however, the accompanying interim notes to the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements do not include all disclosures required by U.S. GAAP. In the opinion of management, the financial statements contain all normal and recurring adjustments necessary to state fairly the financial position and results of operations of the Company.  The results of operations for the three months ended March 31, 2018 are not necessarily indicative of results to be expected for the full year ending December 31, 2018, nor were those of the comparable 2017 period representative of those actually experienced for the full year ended December 31, 2017. These unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the Company’s audited consolidated financial statements and related notes for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2017 included in its Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC on March 7, 2018.
Use of Estimates
The preparation of the Company’s unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements in accordance with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and judgments that affect reported amounts of assets, liabilities, shareholders’ equity, net sales and expenses, and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities in its unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements. Actual results could differ from those estimates.
Variable Interest Entities
VIEs are entities that, by design, either (i) lack sufficient equity to permit the entity to finance its activities independently, or (ii) have equity holders that do not have the power to direct the activities of the entity that most significantly impact its economic performance, the obligation to absorb the entity’s expected losses, or the right to receive the entity’s expected residual returns. The Company consolidates a VIE when it is the primary beneficiary, which is the party that has both (i) the power to direct the activities that most significantly impact the VIE’s economic performance and (ii) through its interests in the VIE, the obligation to absorb expected losses or the right to receive expected benefits from the VIE that could potentially be significant to the VIE.
The Company consolidates the accounts of Acushnet Lionscore Limited, a VIE which is 40% owned by the Company. The sole purpose of the VIE is to manufacture the Company’s golf footwear and as such, the Company is deemed to be the primary beneficiary. The Company has presented separately on its consolidated balance sheets, to the extent material, the assets of its consolidated VIE that can only be used to settle specific obligations of its consolidated VIE and the liabilities of its consolidated VIE for which creditors do not have recourse to its general credit. The general creditors of the VIE do not have recourse to the Company. Certain directors of the noncontrolling entities have guaranteed the credit lines of the VIE, for which there were no outstanding borrowings as of March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017. In addition, pursuant to the terms of the agreement governing the VIE, the Company is not required to provide financial support to the VIE.
Cash and Restricted Cash
Cash held in Company checking accounts is included in cash. Book overdrafts not subject to offset with other accounts with the same financial institution are classified as accounts payable. The Company classifies as restricted certain cash that is not available for use in its operations. As of March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017, the amount of restricted cash included in cash and restricted cash on the balance sheet was $2.4 million and $2.3 million, respectively.

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Accounts Receivable
As of March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017, the allowance for doubtful accounts was $10.3 million and $10.0 million, respectively.
Foreign Currency Translation and Transactions
Foreign currency transaction gains included in selling, general and administrative expense were $2.0 million and $2.3 million for the three months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively.
Recently Adopted Accounting Standards
Revenue from Contracts with Customers
On January 1, 2018, the Company adopted the new accounting standard Accounting Standards Codification ("ASC") 606, "Revenue from Contracts with Customers" ("ASC 606") and all the related amendments (the “new revenue standard”) using the modified retrospective method. The Company recognized the cumulative effect of initially applying the new revenue standard as an adjustment to opening retained earnings (Note 2). The comparative information has not been restated and continues to be reported under the accounting standards in effect for those periods.
Income Statement—Reporting Comprehensive Income
On January 1, 2018, the Company adopted Accounting Standards Update ("ASU") 2018‑02, “Income Statement—Reporting Comprehensive Income (Topic 220) —Reclassification of Certain Tax Effects from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income.” As a result of the adoption of the amendments in this update, the Company recorded a reclassification from accumulated other comprehensive loss to retained earnings for stranded tax effects resulting from the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017 (Note 10). The comparative information has not been restated and continues to be reported under the accounting standards in effect for those periods.
Financial Instruments - Recognition and Measurement
On January 1, 2018, the Company adopted ASU 2016-01, "Financial Instruments - Overall (Subtopic 825-10): Recognition and Measurement of Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities" ("ASU 2016-01"). ASU 2016-01 supersedes the guidance to classify equity securities with readily determinable fair values into different categories (that is, trading or available-for-sale) and requires equity securities to be measured at fair value with changes in the fair value recognized through net income, among other items. As a result of the adoption of the amendments in this update, the Company recorded a reclassification of unrealized gains of $2.1 million from accumulated other comprehensive loss to retained earnings. The comparative information has not been restated and continues to be reported under the accounting standards in effect for those periods.
Compensation—Retirement Benefits
On January 1, 2018, the Company adopted ASU 2017‑07, “CompensationRetirement Benefits: Improving the Presentation of Net Periodic Pension Cost and Net Periodic Post Retirement Benefit Cost” ("ASU 2017-07"). ASU 2017‑07 requires that an employer report the service cost component of net periodic pension and net periodic post retirement cost in the same line item as other compensation costs arising from services rendered by the employees during the period. It also requires the other components of net periodic pension and net periodic postretirement benefit cost to be presented in the income statement separately from the service cost component and outside a subtotal of income from operations. Additionally, only the service cost component is eligible for capitalization. As a result of the adoption of the amendments in this update, the Company recorded a reclassification of the non-service cost component of net periodic benefit cost of $0.2 million from selling, general and administrative expense to other (income) expense, net on the consolidated statement of operations for the three months ended March 31, 2017. The adoption of this standard also resulted in the restatement of the Company's segment operating income for the three months ended March 31, 2017 (Note 15).
    

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The Company also adopted the following standards during 2018, none of which had a material impact to the Company's financial statements or financial statement disclosures:
Standard
 
 
 
Effective Date
ASU 2017‑09
 
Compensation—Stock Compensation: Scope of Modification Accounting
 
January 1, 2018
ASU 2017‑01
 
Business Combinations: Clarifying the Definition of a Business
 
January 1, 2018

ASU 2016‑16
 
Income Taxes: Intra-Entity Transfers of Assets other than Inventory
 
January 1, 2018
ASU 2016‑15
 
Statement of Cash Flows: Classification of Certain Cash Receipts and Cash Payments
 
January 1, 2018

Recently Issued Accounting Standards
    
Derivatives and Hedging (Topic 815): Targeted Improvements to Accounting for Hedging Activities
    
In August 2017, the Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") issued ASU 2017‑12, “Derivatives and Hedging (Topic 815): Targeted Improvements to Accounting for Hedging Activities” ("ASU 2017-12"). The amendments in this update expand and refine hedge accounting guidance and align the recognition and presentation of the effects of the hedging instrument and the hedged item in the financial statements. ASU 2017-12 also simplifies the application of hedge accounting guidance, hedge documentation requirements and the assessment of hedge effectiveness. ASU 2017‑12 is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2018, and interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption is permitted, including adoption in any interim period for which financial statements have not been issued or made available for issuance. The effect of adoption should be reflected as of the beginning of the fiscal year of adoption. The adoption of this standard is not expected to have a material impact on the consolidated financial statements.
    
Intangibles—Goodwill and OtherSimplifying the Test for Goodwill Impairment
    
In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017‑04, “Intangibles—Goodwill and Other: Simplifying the Test for Goodwill Impairment” ("ASU 2017-04"). ASU 2017‑04 removes the second step of the goodwill impairment test. Instead an entity will perform a one-step quantitative test and record the amount of goodwill impairment as the excess of a reporting unit’s carrying amount over its fair value, not to exceed the total amount of goodwill allocated to the reporting unit. ASU 2017‑04 is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2019, and interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption is permitted for interim or annual goodwill impairment tests performed on testing dates after January 1, 2017. The adoption of this standard is not expected to have a material impact on the consolidated financial statements.
    
Leases

In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016‑02, “Leases,” which will require lessees to recognize right‑of‑use assets and lease liabilities for leases which were formerly classified as operating leases. The guidance is effective for financial statements issued for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2018, including interim periods within those fiscal years. While the Company is still in the process of completing its analysis on the complete impact this ASU will have on its consolidated financial statements and related disclosures, it does expect the adoption of this standard will have a material impact on its consolidated financial statements.

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2. Revenue

On January 1, 2018, the Company adopted ASC 606 using the modified retrospective method applied to those contracts which were not completed as of January 1, 2018. Results for reporting periods beginning after January 1, 2018 are presented under ASC 606, while prior period amounts are not adjusted and continue to be reported in accordance with the Company’s historic accounting under ASC 605, "Revenue Recognition".

The Company recorded a net reduction to opening retained earnings of $1.6 million as of January 1, 2018 due to the cumulative impact of adopting ASC 606, with the impact primarily related to a promotional holiday program. The impact of applying ASC 606 was an increase in net sales of $3.9 million and an increase in cost of sales of $1.3 million for the three months ended March 31, 2018. Additionally, the Company reclassified the liability for refunds on expected returns from accounts receivable, net to accrued expenses and other liabilities and reclassified the value of inventory expected to be recovered related to sales returns from inventories to other assets as of March 31, 2018. The refund liability for expected returns was $10.3 million and $13.5 million as of March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively. The value of inventory expected to be recovered related to sales returns was $4.9 million and $4.3 million as of March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively. The adoption of ASC 606 did not have any other material impacts to the financial statements.

Accounting Policies

Revenue is recognized when performance obligations under the terms of a contract with a customer are satisfied. The majority of the Company's contracts have a single performance obligation to transfer products. Accordingly, the Company recognizes revenue when title and risk of loss have been transferred to the customer, generally at the time of shipment or delivery of products, based on the terms of the contract and the jurisdiction of the sale. Revenue is recognized in an amount that reflects the consideration the Company expects to be entitled to in exchange for the products. Revenue is recognized net of allowances for discounts and sales returns. Sales taxes and other similar taxes are excluded from revenue.

A large portion of the Company’s revenue is recognized at a point in time and made to customers who are not engaged in a long-term supply agreement or any form of contract with the Company. A large portion of sales are paid for on account with the majority of terms between 30 and 60 days, not to exceed one year.

    Costs associated with shipping and handling activities, such as merchandising, are included in selling, general and administrative expenses as revenue is recognized. The Company has made an accounting policy election to account for shipping and handling activities that occur after control of the related good transfers as fulfillment activities instead of assessing such activities as performance obligations.

The Company reduces revenue by the amount of expected returns and records a corresponding refund liability in accrued expenses and other liabilities. The Company accounts for the right of return as variable consideration and recognizes a refund liability for the amount of consideration that it estimates will be refunded to customers. In addition, the Company recognizes an asset for the right to recover returned products in other assets on the consolidated balance sheets. Sales returns are estimated based upon historical rates of product returns, current economic trends and changes in customer demands as well as specific identification of outstanding returns.

Contract Balances

Accounts receivable, net, include amounts billed and currently due from customers. The amounts due are stated at their net estimated realizable value. The Company maintains an allowance for doubtful accounts to provide for the estimated amount of receivables that will not be collected. The allowance includes amounts for certain customers where a risk of default has been specifically identified as well as a provision for customer defaults on a formula basis when it is determined the risk of some default is probable and estimable, but cannot yet be associated with specific customers. The assessment of the likelihood of customer defaults is based on various factors, including credit risk assessments, length of time the receivables are past due, historical experience, customer specific information available to the Company and existing economic conditions.

Customer Sales Incentives

The Company offers sales-based incentive programs to certain customers in exchange for certain benefits, including prominent product placement and exclusive stocking by participating retailers. These programs typically provide qualifying customers with rebates for achieving certain purchase goals. The rebates can be settled in the form of cash or credits or in the form of free product. The rebates which are expected to be settled in the form of cash or credits are accounted for as variable

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consideration. The estimate of the variable consideration requires the use of assumptions related to the percentage of customers who will achieve qualifying purchase goals and the level of achievement. These assumptions are based on historical experience, current year program design, current marketplace conditions and sales forecasts, including considerations of the Company's product life cycles.

The rebates which are expected to be settled in the form of product are estimated based upon historical experience and the terms of the customer programs and are accounted for as an additional performance obligation. This will be recognized as revenue when control of the free products earned transfers to the customer at the end of the related customer incentive program, which generally occurs within one year. Control of the free products generally transfers to the customer at the time of shipment.

Practical Expedients and Exemptions

The Company expenses sales commissions when incurred because the amortization period is one year or less. These costs are recorded within selling, general and administrative expense on the consolidated statements of operations.

The Company has elected the practical expedient to not disclose information about remaining performance obligations that have original expected durations of one year or less.

Disaggregated Revenue

In general, the Company's business segmentation is aligned according to the nature and economic characteristics of its products and customer relationships and provides meaningful disaggregation of each business segment's results of operations. See Note 15 for the Company's business segment disclosures, as well as a further disaggregation of net sales by geographical area.

3. Inventories
The components of inventories were as follows:
 
(in thousands)
 
March 31,
 
December 31,
 
 
2018
 
2017
Raw materials and supplies
 
$
64,510

 
$
72,342

Work-in-process
 
28,299

 
23,956

Finished goods
 
270,519

 
267,664

Inventories
 
$
363,328


$
363,962

 
4. Product Warranty
The Company has defined warranties ranging from one to two years. Products covered by the defined warranty policies include certain Titleist golf products, FootJoy golf shoes and FootJoy golf outerwear. These product warranties generally obligate the Company to pay for the cost of replacement products, including the cost of shipping replacement products to its customers. The estimated cost of satisfying future warranty claims is accrued at the time the sale is recorded. In estimating future warranty obligations, the Company considers various factors, including its warranty policies and practices, the historical frequency of claims and the cost to replace or repair products under warranty.
The activity related to the Company’s warranty obligation for accrued warranty expense was as follows:
 
 
 
Three months ended March 31,
(in thousands)
 
2018
 
2017
Balance at beginning of period
 
$
3,823

 
$
3,526

Provision
 
1,195

 
1,086

Claims paid/costs incurred
 
(913
)
 
(901
)
Foreign currency translation
 
43

 
53

Balance at end of period

$
4,148


$
3,764



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5. Related Party Transactions

Other current assets includes receivables from related parties of $0.5 million as of December 31, 2017. Accrued expenses and other liabilities includes dividends payable to noncontrolling interests of $2.4 million as of March 31, 2018.

6. Debt and Financing Arrangements
Senior Secured Credit Facility
There were outstanding borrowings under the revolving credit facility of $122.9 million and $10.1 million as of March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively. The weighted average interest rate applicable to the outstanding borrowings was 3.35% and 4.44% as of March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively.
 
The credit agreement contains a number of covenants that, among other things, restrict the ability of the U.S. Borrower and its restricted subsidiaries to (subject to certain exceptions), incur, assume, or permit to exist additional indebtedness or guarantees; incur liens; make investments and loans; pay dividends, make payments, or redeem or repurchase capital stock or make prepayments, repurchases or redemptions of certain indebtedness; engage in mergers, liquidations, dissolutions, asset sales, and other dispositions (including sale leaseback transactions); amend or otherwise alter terms of certain indebtedness or certain other agreements; enter into agreements limiting subsidiary distributions or containing negative pledge clauses; engage in certain transactions with affiliates; alter the nature of the business that we conduct or change our fiscal year or accounting practices. Certain exceptions to these covenants are determined based on ratios that are calculated in part using the calculation of Adjusted EBITDA. The credit agreement covenants also restrict the ability of Acushnet Holdings Corp. to engage in certain mergers or consolidations or engage in any activities other than permitted activities. The Company’s credit agreement contains certain customary affirmative and restrictive covenants, including, among others, financial covenants based on the Company’s leverage and interest coverage ratios. The credit agreement includes customary events of default, the occurrence of which, following any applicable cure period, would permit the lenders to, among other things, declare the principal, accrued interest and other obligations to be immediately due and payable. As of March 31, 2018, the Company was in compliance with all covenants under the credit agreement.

As of March 31, 2018, the Company had available borrowings under its revolving credit facility of $143.4 million after giving effect to $8.7 million of outstanding letters of credit.

Other Short-Term Borrowings
The Company has certain unsecured credit facilities available through its subsidiary locations. There were outstanding borrowings under the Company's local credit facilities of $12.3 million and $10.3 million as of March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively. The weighted average interest rate applicable to the outstanding borrowings was 0.17% and 0.73% as of March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively. As of March 31, 2018, the Company had available borrowings remaining under these unsecured facilities of $54.2 million.

Letters of Credit

As of March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017, there were outstanding letters of credit totaling $13.1 million and $14.3 million, respectively, of which $9.8 million and $11.2 million was secured, respectively, related to agreements which provided a maximum commitment for letters of credit of $29.5 million and $29.2 million, respectively.

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7. Derivative Financial Instruments
Foreign Exchange Derivative Instruments
The Company principally uses financial instruments to reduce the impact of changes in foreign currency exchange rates. The principal derivative financial instruments the Company enters into are foreign exchange forward contracts. The Company does not enter into foreign exchange forward contracts for trading or speculative purposes.
Foreign exchange forward contracts are primarily used to hedge purchases denominated in select foreign currencies, thereby limiting currency risk that would otherwise result from changes in exchange rates. The periods of the foreign exchange forward contracts correspond to the periods of the forecasted transactions, which do not exceed 24 months subsequent to the latest balance sheet date. The primary foreign exchange forward contracts pertain to the U.S. dollar, the Japanese yen, the British pound sterling, the Canadian dollar, the Korean won and the Euro. The gross U.S. dollar equivalent notional amount outstanding of all foreign exchange forward contracts designated under hedge accounting as of March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017 was $266.6 million and $278.9 million, respectively.
The counterparties to derivative contracts are major financial institutions. The credit risk of counterparties does not have a significant impact on the valuation of the Company’s derivative instruments.
The fair values of foreign exchange hedges on the consolidated balance sheets were as follows:
 
Balance Sheet
 
March 31,
 
December 31,
(in thousands)
Location
 
2018
 
2017
Asset derivatives
Other current assets
 
$
2,342

 
$
4,675

 
Other noncurrent assets
 
104

 
562

Liability derivatives
Other current liabilities
 
7,186

 
6,360

 
Other noncurrent liabilities
 
2,440

 
276

The foreign exchange hedge loss recognized in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) was as follows:
 
 
 
Three months ended
 
 
March 31,
(in thousands)
 
2018
 
2017
Type of hedge
 
 
 
 
Cash flow
 
$
(7,081
)
 
$
(11,745
)
 

$
(7,081
)

$
(11,745
)

The foreign exchange hedge gain (loss) recognized on the consolidated statements of operations was as follows:

 
 
Three months ended
 
 
March 31,
(in thousands)
 
2018
 
2017
Location of gain (loss) in statement of operations
 
 
 
 
Cost of goods sold
 
$
(708
)
 
$
1,811

Selling, general and administrative expense
 
(668
)
 
(1,719
)
 

$
(1,376
)

$
92

 
Gains and losses on derivatives designated as cash flow hedges are reclassified from other comprehensive income (loss) to cost of goods sold at the time the forecasted transaction impacts the income statement. Based on the current valuation, the Company expects to reclassify a net loss of $5.3 million from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) into cost of goods sold during the next 12 months.

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8. Fair Value Measurements
Certain assets and liabilities are carried at fair value under U.S. GAAP. Fair value is defined as the exchange price that would be received for an asset or paid to transfer a liability (an exit price) in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants on the measurement date. Valuation techniques used to measure fair value must maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs.
Assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis were as follows:
 
 
Fair Value Measurements as of
 
 
 
 
March 31, 2018 using:
 
 
(in thousands)
 
Level 1
 
Level 2
 
Level 3
 
Balance Sheet Location
Assets
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Rabbi trust
 
$
10,147

 
$

 
$

 
Other current assets
Foreign exchange derivative instruments
 

 
2,342

 

 
Other current assets
Deferred compensation program assets
 
1,855

 

 

 
Other noncurrent assets
Foreign exchange derivative instruments
 

 
104

 

 
Other noncurrent assets
Total assets
 
$
12,002


$
2,446


$

 
 
Liabilities
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Foreign exchange derivative instruments
 
$

 
$
7,186

 
$

 
Other current liabilities
Deferred compensation program liabilities
 
1,855

 

 

 
Other noncurrent liabilities
Foreign exchange derivative instruments
 

 
2,440

 

 
Other noncurrent liabilities
Total liabilities
 
$
1,855


$
9,626


$

 
 
 
 
 
Fair Value Measurements as of
 
 
 
 
December 31, 2017 using:
 
 
(in thousands)
 
Level 1
 
Level 2
 
Level 3
 
Balance Sheet Location
Assets
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Rabbi trust
 
$
10,637

 
$

 
$

 
Other current assets
Foreign exchange derivative instruments
 

 
4,675

 

 
Other current assets
Deferred compensation program assets
 
1,866

 

 

 
Other noncurrent assets
Foreign exchange derivative instruments
 

 
562

 

 
Other noncurrent assets
Total assets
 
$
12,503


$
5,237


$

 
 
Liabilities
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Foreign exchange derivative instruments
 
$

 
$
6,360

 
$

 
Other current liabilities
Deferred compensation program liabilities
 
1,866

 

 

 
Other noncurrent liabilities
Foreign exchange derivative instruments
 

 
276

 

 
Other noncurrent liabilities
Total liabilities
 
$
1,866


$
6,636


$

 
 
 
During the three months ended March 31, 2018 and the year ended December 31, 2017, there were no transfers between Level 1, Level 2 and Level 3 assets and liabilities.
Rabbi trust assets are used to fund certain retirement obligations of the Company. The assets underlying the Rabbi trust are equity and fixed income exchange‑traded funds.
Deferred compensation program assets and liabilities represent a program where select employees can defer compensation until termination of employment. Effective July 29, 2011, this program was amended to cease all employee compensation deferrals and provided for the distribution of all previously deferred employee compensation. The program remains in effect with respect to the value attributable to the employer match contributed prior to July 29, 2011.
Foreign exchange derivative instruments are foreign exchange forward contracts primarily used to hedge currency fluctuations for transactions denominated in a foreign currency (Note 7). The Company uses the mid‑price of foreign exchange forward rates as of the close of business on the valuation date to value each foreign exchange forward contract at each reporting period.

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9. Pension and Other Postretirement Benefits
Components of net periodic benefit cost were as follows:
 
 
 
Pension Benefits
 
Postretirement Benefits
 
 
Three months ended March 31,
(in thousands)
 
2018
 
2017
 
2018
 
2017
Components of net periodic benefit cost
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Service cost
 
$
2,443

 
$
2,337

 
$
175

 
$
235

Interest cost
 
2,958

 
3,018

 
127

 
174

Expected return on plan assets
 
(3,279
)
 
(3,013
)
 

 

Settlement expense
 
8

 
131

 

 

Amortization of net (gain) loss
 
520

 
39

 
(351
)
 
(166
)
Amortization of prior service cost (credit)
 
44

 
44

 
(34
)
 
(41
)
Net periodic benefit cost
 
$
2,694


$
2,556


$
(83
)

$
202


The non-service cost components of net periodic benefit cost are included in other (income) expense, net in the unaudited condensed consolidated statement of operations.  

10. Income Taxes
Income tax expense decreased by $7.3 million, to $15.2 million for the three months ended March 31, 2018 compared to $22.5 million for the three months ended March 31, 2017. The Company’s effective tax rate (“ETR”) was 26.1% for the three months ended March 31, 2018, compared to 36.2% for the three months ended March 31, 2017.  The decrease in ETR was primarily driven by the significant reduction in the federal corporate income tax rate that became effective January 1, 2018 as a result of the enactment of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (the “Tax Act”), and the impact of changes in the Company’s geographic mix of earnings.     
In connection with The Tax Act, the Company recorded a provisional amount of $14.0 million within income tax expense for the year ended December 31, 2017. In accordance with relevant SEC guidance (“SAB 118”), the effects of the Tax Act may be adjusted within a one-year measurement period from the enactment date for items that were previously reported as provisional, or where a provisional estimate could not be made. The Company continues to analyze the different aspects of the Tax Act which could potentially affect the provisional estimates that were recorded at December 31, 2017. The income tax provision for the three months ended March 31, 2018, did not reflect any adjustment to the provisional amounts previously provided.
The Company early adopted ASU 2018-02 on January 1, 2018, and as a result, recorded a net increase to beginning retained earnings and a decrease to accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) of $4.1 million. This entry reclassified the stranded tax effects resulting from the Tax Act on the Company’s U.S. pension plans, available-for-sale securities and certain foreign currency losses. The Company's accounting policy on accounting for income tax effects in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) with respect to available-for-sale securities, pension, postretirement benefit plan obligations and currency translation matters is to apply the impact in the aggregate.

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11. Common Stock
The Company declared dividends per common share, including dividend equivalent rights (Note 12), during the periods presented as follows:
(in thousands, except per share amounts)
 
Dividends per Common Share
 
Amount
2018:
 
 
 
 
First Quarter
 
$
0.13

 
$
9,917

2017:
 
 
 
 
Fourth Quarter
 
$
0.12

 
$
9,098

Third Quarter
 
0.12

 
9,146

Second Quarter
 
0.12

 
9,149

First Quarter
 
0.12

 
9,152

Total dividends declared in 2017
 
$
0.48

 
$
36,545


During the second quarter of 2018, the board of directors declared a dividend of $0.13 per common share to shareholders on record as of June 1, 2018 and payable on June 15, 2018.

12. Equity Incentive Plans
Under the Acushnet Holdings Corp. 2015 Omnibus Incentive Plan (“2015 Plan”) the Company may grant stock options, stock appreciation rights, restricted shares of common stock, restricted stock units ("RSUs"), performance stock units (“PSUs”) and other share-based and cash-based awards to members of the board of directors, officers, employees, consultants and advisors of the Company. As of March 31, 2018, the only awards outstanding are RSUs and PSUs. All RSUs and PSUs granted under the 2015 Plan have dividend equivalent rights (“DERs”), which entitle holders of RSUs and PSUs to the same dividend value per share as holders of common stock. DERs are subject to the same vesting and other terms and conditions as the corresponding unvested RSUs and PSUs. DERs are paid when the underlying shares vest.
Restricted Stock and Performance Stock Units
A summary of the Company’s RSUs and PSUs as of March 31, 2018 and changes during the three months then ended is presented below: 
 
 
 
 
Weighted-
 
 
Number
 
Average
 
 
of
 
Fair
 
 
RSUs and PSUs
 
Value
Outstanding at December 31, 2017
 
2,060,854

 
$
20.23

Granted
 
154,463

 
21.27

Vested
 
(388,012
)
 
20.30

Forfeited
 

 

Outstanding at March 31, 2018
 
1,827,305

 
$
20.30

 
During 2018, RSUs vested resulting in the issuance of 388,012 shares of common stock, of which 122,795 shares of common stock were delivered to the Company as payment by employees in lieu of cash to satisfy tax withholding obligations. As of March 31, 2018, no PSUs have vested.
The compensation expense recorded for the three months ended March 31, 2018 related to the PSUs was based on the Company’s best estimate of the three year cumulative Adjusted EBITDA forecast as of March 31, 2018. The Company reassesses the estimate of the three‑year cumulative Adjusted EBITDA forecast at the end of each reporting period.
The remaining unrecognized compensation expense related to non‑vested RSUs and non‑vested PSUs granted was $9.5 million and $4.6 million, respectively, as of March 31, 2018 and is expected to be recognized over the related weighted average period of 1.25 years.

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The allocation of compensation expense related to equity incentive plans in the consolidated statement of operations was as follows:
 
 
Three months ended
 
 
March 31,
(in thousands)
 
2018
 
2017
Cost of goods sold
 
$
94

 
$
113

Selling, general and administrative expense
 
3,733

 
3,406

Research and development
 
299

 
328

Total compensation expense before income tax
 
4,126

 
3,847

Income tax benefit
 
853

 
1,323

Total compensation expense, net of income tax
 
$
3,273

 
$
2,524


13. Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss), Net of Tax
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax consists of foreign currency translation adjustments, unrealized gains and losses from foreign exchange derivative instruments designated as cash flow hedges (Note 7) and pension and other postretirement adjustments (Note 9). Prior to the adoption of ASU 2016-01 on January 1, 2018, accumulated other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax included unrealized gains and losses from available-for-sale securities (Note 1).
The components of and changes in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax, were as follows:
 
 
 
Foreign
 
Gains (Losses) on
 
Gains (Losses)
 
Pension and
 
Accumulated
 
 
Currency
 
Foreign Exchange
 
on Available-
 
Other
 
Other
 
 
Translation
 
Derivative
 
for-Sale
 
Postretirement
 
Comprehensive
(in thousands)
 
Adjustments
 
Instruments
 
Securities
 
Adjustments
 
Loss
Balance at December 31, 2017
 
$
(57,711
)
 
$
(2,280
)
 
$
1,721

 
$
(23,421
)
 
$
(81,691
)
Adoption of new accounting standards (Note 1 & 10)
 
(2,171
)
 

 
(1,721
)
 
(2,240
)
 
(6,132
)
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications
 
11,913

 
(7,081
)
 

 
221

 
5,053

Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss
 

 
708

 

 
(187
)
 
521

Tax benefit (expense)
 

 
2,113

 

 
(6
)
 
2,107

Balance at March 31, 2018
 
$
(47,969
)
 
$
(6,540
)
 
$

 
$
(25,633
)
 
$
(80,142
)

14. Net Income per Common Share

The following is a computation of basic and diluted net income per common share attributable to Acushnet Holdings Corp.:

 
 
Three months ended
 
 
March 31,
(in thousands, except share and per share amounts)
 
2018
 
2017
 
 
 
 
 
Net income attributable to Acushnet Holdings Corp.
 
$
41,484

 
$
38,114

 
 
 
 
 
Weighted average number of common shares:
 
 
 
 
Basic
 
74,650,237

 
74,220,771

Diluted
 
74,793,823

 
74,250,155

 
 
 
 
 
Net income per common share attributable to Acushnet Holdings Corp.:
 
 
 
 
Basic
 
$
0.56

 
$
0.51

Diluted
 
$
0.55

 
$
0.51

 

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Net income per common share attributable to Acushnet Holdings Corp. for the three months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017 was calculated under the treasury stock method.
    
The Company’s potential dilutive securities for the three months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017 include RSUs and PSUs. PSUs vest based upon achievement of performance targets and are excluded from the diluted shares outstanding unless the performance targets have been met as of the end of the applicable reporting period regardless of whether such performance targets are probable of achievement.

For the three months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017, the following securities have been excluded from the calculation of diluted weighted‑average common shares outstanding as their impact was determined to be anti‑dilutive:
 
 
 
Three months ended
 
 
March 31,
 
 
2018
 
2017
RSUs
 

 
404,148


15. Segment Information

The Company’s operating segments are based on how the Chief Operating Decision Maker (“CODM”) makes decisions about assessing performance and allocating resources. The Company has four reportable segments that are organized on the basis of product categories. These segments include Titleist golf balls, Titleist golf clubs, Titleist golf gear and FootJoy golf wear.

The CODM primarily evaluates performance using segment operating income. Segment operating income includes directly attributable expenses and certain shared costs of corporate administration that are allocated to the reportable segments, but excludes interest expense, net, transaction fees and other non‑operating gains and losses as the Company does not allocate these to the reportable segments. The CODM does not evaluate a measure of assets when assessing performance.

Results shown for the three months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017 are not necessarily those which would be achieved if each segment was an unaffiliated business enterprise. There are no intersegment transactions.

Information by reportable segment and a reconciliation to reported amounts are as follows:
(in thousands)
 
Three months ended March 31,
 
 
2018
 
2017
Net sales
 
 
 
 
Titleist golf balls
 
$
124,906

 
$
134,192

Titleist golf clubs
 
116,893

 
101,942

Titleist golf gear
 
44,345

 
42,390

FootJoy golf wear
 
140,706

 
142,241

Other
 
14,951

 
12,850

Total net sales
 
$
441,801


$
433,615

 
 
 
 
 
Segment operating income
 
 
 
 
Titleist golf balls
 
$
13,980

 
$
21,162

Titleist golf clubs
 
16,383

 
11,421

Titleist golf gear
 
7,784

 
7,304

FootJoy golf wear
 
20,255

 
21,137

Other
 
2,547

 
2,828

Total segment operating income
 
60,949


63,852

Reconciling items:
 
 
 
 
Interest expense, net
 
(4,408
)
 
(2,922
)
Transaction fees
 

 
(94
)
Other
 
1,769

 
1,279

Total income before income tax
 
$
58,310


$
62,115


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Net sales by geographical area for the three months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017 are as follows:

 
 
Three months ended March 31,
(in thousands)
 
2018
 
2017
United States
 
$
219,289

 
$
223,115

EMEA
 
73,042

 
68,009

Japan
 
52,129

 
50,053

Korea
 
52,675

 
49,882

Rest of world
 
44,666

 
42,556

Total net sales
 
$
441,801

 
$
433,615


16. Commitments and Contingencies
Purchase Obligations
During the normal course of its business, the Company enters into agreements to purchase goods and services, including purchase commitments for production materials, finished goods inventory, capital expenditures and endorsement arrangements with professional golfers. The reported amounts exclude those liabilities included in accounts payable or accrued liabilities on the consolidated balance sheet as of March 31, 2018.
Purchase obligations by the Company as of March 31, 2018 were as follows:
 
 
 
Payments Due by Period
 
 
Remainder of
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(in thousands)
 
2018
 
2019
 
2020
 
2021
 
2022
 
Thereafter
Purchase obligations
 
$
134,086

 
$
16,305

 
$
6,009

 
$
2,665

 
$
912

 
$
2,418


Contingencies

In connection with the Company’s acquisition of Acushnet Company, Beam Suntory, Inc indemnified the Company for certain tax related obligations that relate to periods during which Fortune Brands, Inc. owned Acushnet Company. As of March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017, the Company’s estimate of its receivable for these indemnifications was $8.6 million and $8.7 million, respectively, which was recorded in other noncurrent assets on the consolidated balance sheet.
Litigation
The Company and its subsidiaries are defendants in lawsuits associated with the normal conduct of their businesses and operations. It is not possible to predict the outcome of the pending actions, and, as with any litigation, it is possible that some of these actions could be decided unfavorably. Consequently, the Company is unable to estimate the ultimate aggregate amount of monetary loss, amounts covered by insurance or the financial impact that will result from such matters and has not recorded a liability related to potential losses.

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Table of Contents

ITEM 2.      MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
The following discussion contains management’s discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations and should be read together with our consolidated financial statements and the notes thereto included elsewhere in this report. This discussion contains forward-looking statements that reflect our plans, estimates and beliefs and involve numerous risks and uncertainties, including but not limited to those described in “Part II, Item 1A. Risk Factors” and elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10‑Q and in our other filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”). Actual results may differ materially from those contained in any forward-looking statements. You should carefully read “Special Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements” following the Table of Contents. Unless otherwise noted, the figures in the following discussion are unaudited.
Overview
We are the global leader in the design, development, manufacture and distribution of performance-driven golf products, which are widely recognized for their quality excellence. Today, we are the steward of two of the most revered brands in golf—Titleist, one of golf’s leading performance equipment brands, and FootJoy, one of golf’s leading performance wear brands. We own or control the design, sourcing, manufacturing, packaging and distribution of our products. In doing so, we are able to exercise control over every step of the manufacturing process.
Our target market is dedicated golfers, who are the cornerstone of the worldwide golf industry. These dedicated golfers are avid and skill-biased, prioritize performance and commit the time, effort and money to improve their game. We believe our focus on innovation and process excellence yields golf products that represent superior performance and consistent product quality, which are the key attributes sought after by dedicated golfers. Many of the game's professional players, who represent the most dedicated golfers, prefer our products thereby validating our performance and quality promise, while also driving brand awareness. We seek to leverage the pyramid of influence product and promotion strategy, whereby our products are the most played by the best players, creating aspirational appeal for a broad range of golfers who want to emulate the performance of the game's best players.
Our net sales are diversified by both product category and mix as well as geography. Our product categories include golf balls, golf clubs, wedges and putters, golf shoes, golf gloves, golf gear and golf outerwear and apparel. Our product portfolio contains a favorable mix of consumable products, which we consider to be golf balls and golf gloves, and more durable products, which we consider to be golf clubs, golf shoes, golf gear and golf outerwear and apparel.  Our net sales are also diversified by geography with a substantial majority of our net sales generated in five countries: the United States, Japan, Korea, the United Kingdom and Canada. We have the following reportable segments: Titleist golf balls; Titleist golf clubs; Titleist golf gear; and FootJoy golf wear.
Key Performance Measures
We use various financial metrics to measure and evaluate our business, including, among others: (i) net sales on a constant currency basis, (ii) Adjusted EBITDA on a consolidated basis, (iii) Adjusted EBITDA margin on a consolidated basis and (iv) segment operating income.
Since a significant percentage of our net sales are generated outside of the United States (50% and 49% for the three months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively), we use net sales on a constant currency basis to evaluate the sales performance of our business in period over period comparisons and for forecasting our business going forward. Constant currency information allows us to estimate what our sales performance would have been without changes in foreign currency exchange rates. This information is calculated by taking the current period local currency sales and translating them into U.S. dollars based upon the foreign currency exchange rates for the applicable comparable prior period. This constant currency information should not be considered in isolation or as a substitute for any measure derived in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States (“U.S. GAAP”). Our presentation of constant currency information may not be consistent with the manner in which similar measures are derived or used by other companies.
We primarily use Adjusted EBITDA on a consolidated basis to evaluate the effectiveness of our business strategies, assess our consolidated operating performance and make decisions regarding pricing of our products, go to market execution and costs to incur across our business. We present Adjusted EBITDA as a supplemental measure of our operating performance because it excludes the impact of certain items that we do not consider indicative of our ongoing operating performance. We define Adjusted EBITDA in a manner consistent with the term “Consolidated EBITDA” as it is defined in our credit agreement.

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Table of Contents

Adjusted EBITDA represents net income (loss) attributable to Acushnet Holdings Corp. plus interest expense, income tax expense, depreciation and amortization, share-based compensation expense, certain transaction fees, indemnification expense (income) from Beam, certain other non-cash (gains) losses,net and the net income relating to noncontrolling interests in our FootJoy golf shoe joint venture. Adjusted EBITDA is not a measurement of financial performance under U.S. GAAP. It should not be considered an alternative to net income (loss) attributable to Acushnet Holdings Corp., as a measure of our operating performance or any other measure of performance derived in accordance with U.S. GAAP. In addition, Adjusted EBITDA should not be construed as an inference that our future results will be unaffected by unusual or non-recurring items, or affected by similar non-recurring items. Adjusted EBITDA has limitations as an analytical tool, and you should not consider such measure either in isolation or as a substitute for analyzing our results as reported under U.S. GAAP. Our definition and calculation of Adjusted EBITDA is not necessarily comparable to other similarly titled measures used by other companies due to different methods of calculation. For a reconciliation of Adjusted EBITDA to net income (loss) attributable to Acushnet Holdings Corp., see “—Results of Operations” below.
We also use Adjusted EBITDA margin on a consolidated basis, which measures our Adjusted EBITDA as a percentage of net sales, because our management uses it to evaluate the effectiveness of our business strategies, assess our consolidated operating performance and make decisions regarding pricing of our products, go to market execution and costs to incur across our business. We present Adjusted EBITDA margin as a supplemental measure of our operating performance because it excludes the impact of certain items that we do not consider indicative of our ongoing operating performance. Adjusted EBITDA margin is not a measurement of financial performance under U.S. GAAP. It should not be considered an alternative to any measure of performance derived in accordance with U.S. GAAP. In addition, Adjusted EBITDA margin should not be construed as an inference that our future results will be unaffected by unusual or non-recurring items, or affected by similar non-recurring items. Adjusted EBITDA margin has limitations as an analytical tool, and you should not consider such measure either in isolation or as a substitute for analyzing our results as reported under U.S. GAAP. Our definition and calculation of Adjusted EBITDA margin is not necessarily comparable to other similarly titled measures used by other companies due to different methods of calculation.
Lastly, we use segment operating income to evaluate and assess the performance of each of our reportable segments and to make budgeting decisions.

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Results of Operations
The following table sets forth, for the periods indicated, our results of operations.
 
 
 
Three months ended
 
 
March 31,
(in thousands)
 
2018
 
2017
Net sales
 
$
441,801

 
$
433,615

Cost of goods sold
 
214,127

 
207,200

Gross profit
 
227,674

 
226,415

Operating expenses:
 
  

 
  

Selling, general and administrative
 
151,368

 
147,812

Research and development
 
12,392

 
12,507

Intangible amortization
 
1,630

 
1,622

Income from operations
 
62,284

 
64,474

Interest expense, net
 
4,408

 
2,922

Other (income) expense, net
 
(434
)
 
(563
)
Income before income taxes
 
58,310

 
62,115

Income tax expense
 
15,220

 
22,485

Net income
 
43,090

 
39,630

Less: Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests
 
(1,606
)
 
(1,516
)
Net income attributable to Acushnet Holdings Corp.
 
$
41,484

 
$
38,114

Adjusted EBITDA:
 
  

 
  

Net income attributable to Acushnet Holdings Corp.
 
$
41,484

 
$
38,114

Income tax expense
 
15,220

 
22,485

Interest expense, net
 
4,408

 
2,922

Depreciation and amortization
 
10,325

 
10,161

Shared-based compensation(a)
 
4,126

 
3,847

Transaction fees(b)
 

 
94

Beam indemnification expense (income)(c)
 
54

 
(93
)
Other non-cash gains, net
 
(151
)
 
(584
)
Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests(d)
 
1,606

 
1,516

Adjusted EBITDA
 
$
77,072

 
$
78,462

Adjusted EBITDA margin
 
17.4
%
 
18.1
%

(a)
Reflects compensation expense with respect to equity-based grants under the Acushnet Holdings Corp. 2015 Omnibus Incentive Plan.
(b)
Reflects legal fees incurred relating to a dispute arising from the indemnification obligations owed to us by Beam Suntory, Inc ("Beam").
(c)
Reflects the non‑cash charges related to the indemnification obligations owed to us by Beam that are included when calculating net income (loss) attributable to Acushnet Holdings Corp.
(d)
Reflects the net income attributable to the interest that we do not own in our FootJoy golf shoe joint venture.    

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Table of Contents

Segment Results
Net sales by reportable segment is summarized as follows:
 
 
 
Three months ended
 
 
 
 
 
Constant Currency
 
 
March 31,
 
Increase/(Decrease)
 
Increase/(Decrease)
 
 
2018
 
2017
 
$ change
 
% change
 
$ change
 
% change
 
 
(in thousands)
Titleist golf balls
 
$
124,906

 
$
134,192

 
$
(9,286
)
 
(6.9
)%
 
$
(13,213
)
 
(9.8
)%
Titleist golf clubs
 
116,893

 
101,942

 
14,951

 
14.7
 %
 
10,627

 
10.4
 %
Titleist golf gear
 
44,345

 
42,390

 
1,955

 
4.6
 %
 
170

 
0.4
 %
FootJoy golf wear
 
140,706

 
142,241

 
(1,535
)
 
(1.1
)%
 
(8,077
)
 
(5.7
)%
 
Segment operating income by reportable segment is summarized as follows:
 
 
 
Three months ended
 
 
 
 
 
 
March 31,
 
Increase/(Decrease)
 
 
2018
 
2017
 
$ change
 
% change
 
 
(in thousands)
Segment operating income(1)
 
  

 
  

 
 

 
 

Titleist golf balls
 
$
13,980

 
$
21,162

 
$
(7,182
)
 
(33.9
)%
Titleist golf clubs
 
$
16,383

 
$
11,421

 
4,962

 
43.4
 %
Titleist golf gear
 
$
7,784

 
$
7,304

 
480

 
6.6
 %
FootJoy golf wear
 
$
20,255

 
$
21,137

 
(882
)
 
(4.2
)%

(1)
Expenses relating to transaction fees and restructuring charges and other non-operating gains and losses, to the extent incurred in the applicable period, are not reflected in segment operating income.


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Three Months Ended March 31, 2018 Compared to the Three Months Ended March 31, 2017

Net Sales

Net sales increased by $8.2 million, or 1.9%, to $441.8 million for the three months ended March 31, 2018 compared to $433.6 million for the three months ended March 31, 2017. On a constant currency basis, net sales would have decreased by $9.5 million, or 2.2%, to $424.1 million. The decrease in net sales on a constant currency basis resulted from a decrease of $13.2 million in net sales of Titleist golf balls primarily resulting from lower sales volumes of Pro V1 and Pro V1x golf balls which were in their second year of the two-year product life cycle and a decrease of $8.1 million in FootJoy golf wear primarily resulting from a sales volume decline in footwear. This net sales decrease was partially offset by an increase of $10.6 million in net sales of Titleist golf clubs driven by higher sales volumes of our newly launched wedges coupled with irons and hybrids introduced in the third quarter of 2017.

Net sales information by region is summarized as follows:
 
 
 
Three months ended
 
 
 
 
 
Constant Currency
 
 
March 31,
 
Increase/(Decrease)
 
Increase/(Decrease)
 
 
2018

2017
 
$ change
 
% change
 
$ change
 
% change
 
 
(in thousands)
United States
 
$
219,289

 
$
223,115

 
$
(3,826
)
 
(1.7
)%
 
$
(3,826
)
 
(1.7
)%
EMEA
 
73,042

 
68,009

 
5,033

 
7.4
 %
 
(3,527
)
 
(5.2
)%
Japan
 
52,129

 
50,053

 
2,076

 
4.1
 %
 
(717
)
 
(1.4
)%
Korea
 
52,675

 
49,882

 
2,793

 
5.6
 %
 
(1,165
)
 
(2.3
)%
Rest of world
 
44,666

 
42,556

 
2,110

 
5.0
 %
 
(227
)
 
(0.5
)%
Total sales
 
$
441,801

 
$
433,615

 
$
8,186

 
1.9
 %
 
$
(9,462
)
 
(2.2
)%
 
Net sales in the United States decreased by $3.8 million, or 1.7%, to $219.3 million for the three months ended March 31, 2018 compared to $223.1 million for the three months ended March 31, 2017. This decrease in net sales in the United States resulted from a decrease of $10.4 million in net sales of Titleist golf balls and a decrease of $4.0 million in net sales of FootJoy golf wear, partially offset by an increase of $8.3 million in net sales of Titleist golf clubs and a $2.3 million increase in Titleist golf gear.

Our sales in regions outside of the United States increased by $12.0 million, or 5.7%, to $222.5 million for the three months ended March 31, 2018 compared to $210.5 million for the three months ended March 31, 2017. On a constant currency basis, net sales in such regions would have decreased by $5.6 million, or 2.7%, to $204.9 million, as a result of a decrease of $4.0 million in net sales of FootJoy golf wear, a decrease of $2.8 million in net sales of Titleist golf balls, a decrease of $2.2 million in net sales of Titleist golf gear, partially offset by a increase of $2.3 million in net sales of Titleist golf clubs. The remaining change in net sales was primarily due to sales volume growth of products that are sold in regions outside the United States and that are not allocated to one of our four reportable segments.

Gross Profit

Gross profit increased by $1.3 million to $227.7 million for the three months ended March 31, 2018 compared to $226.4 million for the three months ended March 31, 2017. Gross margin decreased to 51.5% for the three months ended March 31, 2018 compared to 52.2% for the three months ended March 31, 2017. The increase in gross profit was largely driven by a $8.2 million increase in gross profit in Titleist golf clubs primarily due to sales volume increase in newly introduced wedges and irons, partially offset by a decrease of $10.1 million in Titleist golf balls primarily driven by a sales volume decline in Pro V1 and Pro V1x golf balls which were in their second year of the two-year product life cycle. The decrease in gross margin was primarily driven by a lower gross margin in Titleist golf balls due to the sales volume decline as described above, partially offset by higher gross margins in FootJoy golf wear, Titleist golf gear and Titleist golf clubs.
    

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Table of Contents

Selling, General and Administrative Expenses

Selling, general and administrative expenses increased by $3.6 million to $151.4 million for the three months ended March 31, 2018 compared to $147.8 million for the three months ended March 31, 2017. This increase was primarily attributable to a $3.9 million unfavorable impact of changes in foreign currency exchange rates across all expense categories and segments.

Research and Development

Research and Development (“R&D”) expenses decreased by $0.1 million to $12.4 million for the three months ended March 31, 2018 compared to $12.5 million for the three months ended March 31, 2017. As a percentage of consolidated net sales, R&D expenses were 2.8%, down from 2.9% for the three months ended March 31, 2017.

Intangible Amortization

Intangible amortization expenses were $1.6 million for the three months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017.

Interest Expense, net

Interest expense, net increased by $1.5 million to $4.4 million for the three months ended March 31, 2018 compared to $2.9 million for the three months ended March 31, 2017. This increase was primarily due to higher average outstanding borrowings, as well as a higher average interest rate on outstanding borrowings during the three months ended March 31, 2018.

Other (Income) Expense, net

Other (income) expense, net decreased by $0.2 million to other income of $0.4 million for the three months ended March 31, 2018 compared to other income of $0.6 million for the three months ended March 31, 2017.

Income Tax Expense

Income tax expense decreased by $7.3 million to $15.2 million for the three months ended March 31, 2018 compared to $22.5 million for the three months ended March 31, 2017. Our effective tax rate (“ETR”) was 26.1% for the three months ended March 31, 2018, compared to 36.2% for the three months ended March 31, 2017. The decrease in ETR was primarily driven by the significant reduction in the United States federal corporate income tax rate that became effective January 1, 2018 as a result of the enactment of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (the “Tax Act”), and the impact of changes in our geographic mix of earnings. We continue to analyze the different aspects of the Tax Act which could potentially affect the provisional estimates that were recorded at December 31, 2017. The income tax provision for the three months ended March 31, 2018, did not reflect any adjustment to the provisional amounts previously provided.

Net Income Attributable to Acushnet Holdings Corp.

Net income attributable to Acushnet Holdings Corp. increased by $3.4 million to $41.5 million for the three months ended March 31, 2018 compared to income of $38.1 million for the three months ended March 31, 2017, primarily as a result of lower income tax expense, partially offset by lower income from operations and higher interest expense, as discussed in more detail above.

Adjusted EBITDA

Adjusted EBITDA decreased by $1.4 million to $77.1 million for the three months ended March 31, 2018 compared to $78.5 million for the three months ended March 31, 2017. Adjusted EBITDA margin decreased to 17.4% for the three months ended March 31, 2018 compared to 18.1% for the three months ended March 31, 2017.

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Table of Contents

Segment Results

Titleist Golf Balls Segment

Net sales in our Titleist golf balls segment decreased by $9.3 million, or 6.9%, to $124.9 million for the three months ended March 31, 2018 compared to $134.2 million for the three months ended March 31, 2017. On a constant currency basis, net sales in our Titleist golf balls segment would have decreased by $13.2 million, or 9.8%, to $121.0 million. This decrease primarily resulted from a sales volume decline in Pro V1 and Pro V1x golf balls which were in their second year of the two-year product life cycle and was partially offset by a sales volume increase of our newly-introduced performance models.  In the United States, sales volumes were also impacted by unfavorable weather conditions which resulted in decreased rounds of play and delayed course openings.

Titleist golf balls segment operating income decreased by $7.2 million, or 33.9%, to $14.0 million for the three months ended March 31, 2018 compared to $21.2 million for the three months ended March 31, 2017, primarily due to a decrease in gross profit of $10.1 million. This decrease in gross profit primarily resulted from a shift in product mix to performance models resulting from lower sales volume as discussed above.  Operating expenses decreased primarily due to a $3.2 million decrease in advertising and promotion expenses.

Titleist Golf Clubs Segment

Net sales in our Titleist golf clubs segment increased by $15.0 million, or 14.7%, to $116.9 million for the three months ended March 31, 2018 compared to $101.9 million for the three months ended March 31, 2017. On a constant currency basis, net sales in our Titleist golf clubs segment would have increased by $10.6 million, or 10.4%, to $112.5 million. This increase was primarily driven by higher sales volumes of our newly-introduced wedges launched in the first quarter and our iron series introduced in the third quarter of 2017, partially offset by lower sales volumes of drivers and fairways which were in their second model year.

Titleist golf clubs segment operating income increased by $5.0 million, or 43.4%, to a $16.4 million for the three months ended March 31, 2018 compared to a $11.4 million for the three months ended March 31, 2017. The increase in operating income was primarily driven by higher gross profit of $8.2 million partially offset by higher operating expenses. The increase in gross profit was primarily due to the sales volume increases discussed above and higher average selling prices on our newly-introduced iron series. Gross margin increased due to higher average selling prices and higher volumes. Higher operating expenses were primarily due to an increase of $2.0 million in selling expenses and $1.5 million in advertising and promotion costs both related to the new product launches.

Titleist Golf Gear Segment

Net sales in our Titleist golf gear segment increased by $1.9 million, or 4.6%, to $44.3 million for the three months ended March 31, 2018 compared to $42.4 million for the three months ended March 31, 2017. On a constant currency basis, net sales in our Titleist golf gear segment would have increased by $0.2 million, or 0.4%, to $42.6 million. This increase was due to higher average selling prices across all categories of the gear business.

Titleist golf gear segment operating income increased by $0.5 million, or 6.6%, to $7.8 million for the three months ended March 31, 2018 compared to $7.3 million for the three months ended March 31, 2017. The increase in operating income was largely driven by the higher average selling prices discussed above, partially offset by an increase of $1.1 million in selling expenses.

FootJoy Golf Wear Segment

Net sales in our FootJoy golf wear segment decreased by $1.5 million, or 1.1%, to $140.7 million for the three months ended March 31, 2018 compared to $142.2 million for the three months ended March 31, 2017. On a constant currency basis, net sales in our FootJoy golf wear segment would have decreased by $8.1 million, or 5.7%, to $134.1 million. This decrease primarily resulted from a sales volume decline in footwear as a result of the timing of new product launches in comparison to prior year as well as unfavorable weather conditions which resulted in delayed course openings. This was partially offset by higher average selling prices across all FootJoy categories and a sales volume increase in apparel.

FootJoy golf wear segment operating income decreased by $0.8 million to $20.3 million for the three months ended March 31, 2018 compared to $21.1 million for the three months ended March 31, 2017. The decrease in operating income was

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as a result of higher operating expenses, partially offset by higher gross margin. The increase in gross margin was due to higher average selling prices across all FootJoy categories. Higher operating expenses were primarily due to an increase of $2.0 million in advertising and promotion expenses, partially offset by a decrease of $1.1 million in selling expenses.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

Our primary cash needs relate to working capital, capital expenditures, servicing of our debt, paying dividends and pension contributions. We expect to rely on cash flows from operations and borrowings under our revolving credit facility and local credit facilities as our primary sources of liquidity.

Our liquidity is cyclical as a result of the general seasonality of our business. Our accounts receivable balance is generally at its highest starting at the end of the first quarter and continuing through the second quarter, and declines during the third and fourth quarters as a result of both an increase in cash collections and lower sales. Our inventory balance also fluctuates as a result of the seasonality of our business. Generally, our buildup of inventory starts during the fourth quarter and continues through the first quarter and into the beginning of the second quarter in order to meet demand for our initial sell‑in in the first quarter and reorders in the second quarter. Both accounts receivable and inventory balances are impacted by the timing of new product launches.

As of March 31, 2018, we had $46.0 million of unrestricted cash (including $15.1 million attributable to our FootJoy golf shoe joint venture). As of March 31, 2018, 96.1% of our total unrestricted cash was held at our non‑U.S. subsidiaries. We manage our worldwide cash requirements by monitoring the funds available among our subsidiaries and determining the extent to which we can access those funds on a cost effective basis. We are not aware of any restrictions on repatriation of these funds and, subject to foreign withholding taxes, those funds could be repatriated, if necessary. We do not expect any such repatriation to result in additional tax expense as applicable withholding taxes have been provided for undistributed foreign earnings that we do not consider permanently reinvested. We have repatriated, and intend to repatriate, funds to the United States from time to time to satisfy domestic liquidity needs arising in the ordinary course of business, including liquidity needs related to debt service requirements.

As of March 31, 2018 we had $143.4 million of availability under our revolving credit facility after giving effect to $8.7 million of outstanding letters of credit and we had $54.2 million available under our local credit facilities. See “Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements — Note 9 — Debt and Financing Arrangements” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2017 for a description of our credit facilities.

Our credit agreement contains customary affirmative and restrictive covenants, including, among others, financial covenants based on our leverage and interest coverage ratios. The credit agreement includes customary events of default, the occurrence of which, following any applicable cure period, would permit the lenders to, among other things, declare the principal, accrued interest and other obligations to be immediately due and payable. As of March 31, 2018, we were in compliance with all covenants under the credit agreement. See "Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements - Note 6 -Debt and Financing Arrangements" for a description of our covenants.

We made $5.9 million of capital expenditures in the three months ended March 31, 2018 and plan to make capital expenditures of approximately $28.1 million during the remainder of 2018, although the actual amount of capital expenditures may vary depending upon a variety of factors, including the timing of implementation of certain capital projects. We expect the majority of these capital expenditures in the remainder of 2018 will be primarily maintenance related, but we also plan to make additional investments in innovation and technology to drive continued market leadership and future growth.

We believe that cash expected to be provided by operating activities, together with our cash on hand and the availability of borrowings under our revolving credit facility and our local credit facilities will be sufficient to meet our liquidity requirements for at least the next 12 months, subject to customary borrowing conditions. Our ability to generate sufficient cash flows from operations is, however, subject to many risks and uncertainties, including future economic trends and conditions, demand for our products, foreign currency exchange rates and other risks and uncertainties applicable to our business, as described in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2017.

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Table of Contents

Cash Flows

The following table presents the major components of net cash flows used in and provided by operating, investing and financing activities for the periods indicated:
 
 
Three months ended
 
 
March 31,
(in thousands)
 
2018
 
2017
Cash flows provided by (used in):
 
  

 
  

Operating activities
 
$
(86,832
)
 
$
(223,488
)
Investing activities
 
(8,383
)
 
(3,676
)
Financing activities
 
94,823

 
219,141

Effect of foreign exchange rate changes on cash
 
1,040

 
1,621

Net increase (decrease) in cash
 
$
648

 
$
(6,402
)
 
Cash Flows From Operating Activities

Net cash used in operating activities was $86.8 million for the three months ended March 31, 2018, compared to net cash used in operating activities of $223.5 million for the three months ended March 31, 2017, a decrease in cash used in operating activities of $136.7 million. The decrease was primarily due to the payment of the outstanding balance of the equity appreciation right plan of $151.5 million during the three months ended March 31, 2017. Cash provided by (used in) operating activities is also subject to changes in working capital. Working capital at any specific point in time is subject to many variables, including seasonality and inventory management, the timing of cash receipts and payments, vendor payment terms, and fluctuations in foreign exchange rates.

Cash Flows From Investing Activities
    
Net cash used in investing activities was $8.4 million for the three months ended March 31, 2018 compared to $3.7 million for the three months ended March 31, 2017, primarily related to capital expenditures.

Cash Flows From Financing Activities

Net cash provided by financing activities was $94.8 million for the three months ended March 31, 2018, compared to net cash provided by financing activities of $219.1 million for the three months ended March 31, 2017, a decrease in cash provided by financing activities of $124.3 million. The decrease was primarily due to a reduction in borrowings for the three months ended March 31, 2018 as compared to the three months ended March 31, 2017 and dividends paid on common stock during the three months ended March 31, 2018.

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

As of March 31, 2018, we did not have any off-balance sheet arrangements that have, or are reasonably likely to have, a current or future effect on our financial condition, results of operations, liquidity, capital expenditures or capital resources.

Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

There have been no material changes to our critical accounting policies and estimates from the information provided in Part II, Item 7, “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations,” included in our Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2017.

Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements

See Notes 1, 2 and 10 to our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this report for recently issued accounting standards, including the dates of adoption and estimated effects on our consolidated financial statements.

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ITEM 3.      Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk

We are exposed to various market risks, which may result in potential losses arising from adverse changes in market rates, such as interest rates, foreign exchange rates and commodity prices. We do not enter into derivatives or other financial instruments for trading or speculative purposes and do not believe we are exposed to material market risk with respect to our cash and cash equivalents.

Interest Rate Risk

We are exposed to interest rate risk under our various credit facilities which accrue interest at variable rates, as described under “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations —Liquidity and Capital Resources—Indebtedness” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2017 and in “Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements-Note 6-Debt and Financing Arrangements” to our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements in this report. We currently do not engage in any interest rate hedging activity but may enter into interest rate swaps or pursue other interest rate hedging strategies in the future.

As of March 31, 2018, we had $575.9 million of outstanding indebtedness (excluding unamortized debt issuance costs), at variable interest rates. A 1.00% increase in the interest rate applied to these borrowings would have resulted in an increase of $5.2 million in our annual pre-tax interest expense as of March 31, 2018.

Interest rate risk is highly sensitive due to many factors, including U.S. monetary and tax policies, U.S. and international economic factors and other factors beyond our control. We are exposed to changes in the level of interest rates and to changes in the relationship or spread between interest rates for our floating rate debt. Our floating rate debt requires payments based on a variable interest rate index such as LIBOR. Therefore, increases in interest rates may reduce our net income by increasing the cost of our debt.

Foreign Exchange Risk

In the normal course of business, we are exposed to gains and losses resulting from fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates relating to transactions outside the United States denominated in foreign currencies, which include, but are not limited to, the Japanese yen, the Korean won, the British pound sterling, the euro and the Canadian dollar. In addition, we are exposed to gains and losses resulting from the translation of the operating results of our non-U.S. subsidiaries into U.S. dollars for financial reporting purposes.

We use financial instruments to reduce the impact of changes in foreign currency exchange rates. The principal financial instruments we enter into on a routine basis are foreign exchange forward contracts. The primary foreign exchange forward contracts pertain to the Japanese yen, the Korean won, the British pound sterling, the euro and the Canadian dollar. Foreign exchange forward contracts are primarily used to hedge purchases denominated in select foreign currencies. The periods of the foreign exchange forward contracts correspond to the periods of the forecasted transactions, which do not exceed 24 months subsequent to the latest balance sheet date. We do not enter into foreign exchange forward contracts for trading or speculative purposes.

The gross U.S. dollar equivalent notional amount of all foreign currency forward contracts outstanding at March 31, 2018 was $266.6 million, representing a net settlement liability of $7.2 million. Gains and losses on the foreign exchange forward contracts that we account for as hedges offset losses and gains on these foreign currency purchases and reduce the earnings and shareholders’ equity volatility relating to foreign exchange.

We performed a sensitivity analysis to assess potential changes in the fair value of our foreign exchange forward contracts relating to a hypothetical movement in foreign currency exchange rates. The sensitivity analysis of changes in the fair value of our foreign exchange forward contracts outstanding at March 31, 2018, while not predictive in nature, indicated that if the U.S. dollar uniformly weakened by 10% against all currencies covered by our contracts, the net settlement liability of $7.2 million would increase by $23.4 million resulting in a net settlement liability of $30.6 million.

The sensitivity analysis described above recalculates the fair value of the foreign exchange forward contracts outstanding by replacing the actual foreign currency exchange rates and current month forward rates with foreign currency exchange rates and forward rates that reflect a 10% weakening of the U.S. dollar against all currencies covered by our contracts. All other factors are held constant. The sensitivity analysis disregards the possibility that currency exchange rates can move in

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opposite directions and that gains from one currency may or may not be offset by losses from another currency. The analysis also disregards the offsetting change in value of the underlying hedged transactions and balances.

The financial markets and currency volatility may limit our ability to cost-effectively hedge these exposures. The counterparties to derivative contracts are major financial institutions. We assess credit risk of the counterparties on an ongoing basis.

Commodity Price Risk

We are exposed to commodity price risk with respect to certain materials and components used by us, our suppliers and our manufacturers, including polybutadiene, urethane and Surlyn for the manufacturing of our golf balls, titanium and steel for the assembly of our golf clubs, leather and synthetic fabrics for our golf shoes, golf gloves, golf gear and golf apparel, and resin and other petroleum-based materials for a number of our products.

Impact of Inflation

Our results of operations and financial condition are presented based on historical cost. While it is difficult to accurately measure the impact of inflation due to the imprecise nature of the estimates required, we believe the effects of inflation, if any, on our results of operations and financial condition have been immaterial.

ITEM 4.      Controls and Procedures

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures. Our management, with the participation of our principal executive officer and principal financial officer, has evaluated the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”)), as of the end of the period covered by this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. Based on such evaluation, our principal executive officer and principal financial officer have concluded that as of such date, our disclosure controls and procedures were effective.

Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting. There was no change in our internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act) that occurred during the period covered by this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.


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PART II.         OTHER INFORMATION

ITEM 1.      Legal Proceedings

We are defendants in lawsuits associated with the normal conduct of our businesses and operations. It is not possible to predict the outcome of the pending actions, and, as with any litigation, it is possible that some of these actions could be decided unfavorably.

Item 1A.      Risk Factors

You should carefully consider each of the risk factors as described in Part I, Item 1A of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2017, as well as the other information set forth in this report.  There have been no material changes to the risk factors as described in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2017.

ITEM 2.      Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds

None.

ITEM 3.      Defaults Upon Senior Securities

None.

ITEM 4.      Mine Safety Disclosure

None.

ITEM 5.      Other Information

  None.

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ITEM 6.      Exhibits
Exhibit No.
    
Description
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
101.INS
 
XBRL Instance Document
 
 
 
101.SCH
 
Taxonomy Extension Schema Document
 
 
 
101.CAL
 
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document
 
 
 
101.LAB
 
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Labels Linkbase Document
 
 
 
101.PRE
 
 XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document
 
 
 
101.DEF
 
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document

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SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.
 
 
ACUSHNET HOLDINGS CORP.
 
 
Dated: May 3, 2018
By:
/s/ David Maher
 
 
David Maher
 
 
President and Chief Executive Officer
 
 
(Principal Executive Officer)
 
 
 
 
 
 
Dated: May 3, 2018
By:
/s/ William Burke
 
 
William Burke
 
 
Executive Vice President, Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer
 
 
(Principal Financial Officer)

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