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AFFILIATED MANAGERS GROUP, INC. - Quarter Report: 2020 June (Form 10-Q)


 
UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
WASHINGTON, DC 20549
 
FORM 10-Q
(Mark One)
 
 
☒
 
QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the quarterly period ended June 30, 2020
OR
☐
 
TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the transition period from            to          
Commission File Number 001-13459
 
amglogoa81.jpg
AFFILIATED MANAGERS GROUP, INC.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
Delaware
 
04-3218510
(State or other jurisdiction
of incorporation or organization)
 
(IRS Employer Identification Number)
777 South Flagler Drive, West Palm Beach, Florida 33401
(Address of principal executive offices)
(800) 345-1100
(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)
 
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
Title of each class
 
Trading Symbol(s)
 
Name of each exchange on which registered
Common Stock ($0.01 par value)
 
AMG
 
New York Stock Exchange
5.875% Junior Subordinated Notes due 2059
 
MGR
 
New York Stock Exchange


Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☒ No ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
Large accelerated filer
☒
 
Accelerated filer ☐
 
Non-accelerated filer ☐

 
Smaller reporting company
☐
 
Emerging growth company
☐
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No ☒
There were 46,553,083 shares of the registrant’s common stock outstanding on July 29, 2020.
 


FORM 10-Q
TABLE OF CONTENTS
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 



PART I—FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Item 1.
Financial Statements
AFFILIATED MANAGERS GROUP, INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME
(in millions, except per share data)
(unaudited)
 
For the Three Months Ended June 30,
 
For the Six Months Ended June 30,
 
2019
 
2020
 
2019
 
2020
Consolidated revenue
$
591.9

 
$
471.1

 
$
1,135.1

 
$
978.3

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Consolidated expenses:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Compensation and related expenses
258.0

 
216.5

 
486.2

 
424.4

Selling, general and administrative
96.2

 
73.6

 
191.8

 
163.8

Intangible amortization and impairments
21.2

 
80.9

 
50.9

 
101.5

Interest expense
19.7

 
22.3

 
37.9

 
41.8

Depreciation and other amortization
5.3

 
5.0

 
10.6

 
10.1

Other expenses (net)
12.2

 
11.3

 
23.0

 
22.3

Total consolidated expenses
412.6

 
409.6

 
800.4

 
763.9

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Equity method income (loss) (net)
29.4

 
17.4

 
(328.8
)
 
(95.8
)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Investment and other income (expense)
7.2

 
(12.1
)
 
15.2

 
(9.7
)
Income before income taxes
215.9

 
66.8

 
21.1

 
108.9

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Income tax expense (benefit)
35.7

 
3.3

 
(26.1
)
 
5.5

Net income
180.2

 
63.5

 
47.2

 
103.4

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net income (non-controlling interests)
(72.5
)
 
(32.8
)
 
(140.3
)
 
(88.3
)
Net income (loss) (controlling interest)
$
107.7

 
$
30.7

 
$
(93.1
)
 
$
15.1

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Average shares outstanding (basic)
51.0

 
47.2

 
51.5

 
47.5

Average shares outstanding (diluted)
51.0

 
47.3

 
51.5

 
47.6

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Earnings (loss) per share (basic)
$
2.11

 
$
0.65

 
$
(1.81
)
 
$
0.32

Earnings (loss) per share (diluted)
$
2.11

 
$
0.65

 
$
(1.81
)
 
$
0.32

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the Consolidated Financial Statements.

2

AFFILIATED MANAGERS GROUP, INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME
(in millions)
(unaudited)
 
For the Three Months Ended June 30,
 
For the Six Months Ended June 30,
 
2019
 
2020
 
2019
 
2020
Net income
$
180.2

 
$
63.5

 
$
47.2

 
$
103.4

Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Foreign currency translation gain (loss)
5.2

 
(23.2
)
 
12.7

 
(76.1
)
Change in net realized and unrealized gain (loss) on derivative financial instruments
(0.7
)
 
(1.3
)
 
0.5

 
(2.3
)
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax
4.5

 
(24.5
)
 
13.2

 
(78.4
)
Comprehensive income
184.7

 
39.0

 
60.4

 
25.0

Comprehensive income (non-controlling interests)
(65.2
)
 
(32.2
)
 
(139.6
)
 
(71.5
)
Comprehensive income (loss) (controlling interest)
$
119.5

 
$
6.8

 
$
(79.2
)
 
$
(46.5
)
The accompanying notes are an integral part of the Consolidated Financial Statements.

3

AFFILIATED MANAGERS GROUP, INC.
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(in millions)
(unaudited)
 
December 31,
2019
 
June 30,
2020
Assets
 
 
 
Cash and cash equivalents
$
539.6

 
$
681.6

Receivables
417.1

 
497.1

Investments in marketable securities
59.4

 
61.4

Goodwill
2,651.7

 
2,627.6

Acquired client relationships (net)
1,182.0

 
1,052.3

Equity method investments in Affiliates (net)
2,195.6

 
1,991.0

Fixed assets (net)
92.3

 
85.8

Other investments
211.8

 
204.0

Other assets
304.0

 
295.3

Total assets
$
7,653.5

 
$
7,496.1

Liabilities and Equity
 
 
 
Payables and accrued liabilities
$
634.6

 
$
572.5

Debt
1,793.8

 
2,042.8

Deferred income tax liability (net)
450.2

 
388.3

Other liabilities
359.1

 
468.5

Total liabilities
3,237.7

 
3,472.1

Commitments and contingencies (Note 7)


 


Redeemable non-controlling interests
916.7

 
682.1

Equity:
 
 
 
Common stock ($0.01 par value, 153.0 shares authorized; 58.5 shares outstanding in 2019 and 2020)
0.6

 
0.6

Additional paid-in capital
707.2

 
768.2

Accumulated other comprehensive loss
(108.8
)
 
(170.4
)
Retained earnings
3,819.8

 
3,819.3

 
4,418.8

 
4,417.7

Less: Treasury stock, at cost (10.4 shares in 2019 and 11.7 shares in 2020)
(1,481.3
)
 
(1,563.0
)
Total stockholders' equity
2,937.5

 
2,854.7

Non-controlling interests
561.6

 
487.2

Total equity
3,499.1

 
3,341.9

Total liabilities and equity
$
7,653.5

 
$
7,496.1

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the Consolidated Financial Statements.

4

AFFILIATED MANAGERS GROUP, INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN EQUITY
(in millions)
(unaudited)
Three Months Ended June 30, 2019
 
Total Stockholders’ Equity
 
 
 
 
 
 
Common
Stock
 
Additional
Paid-In
Capital
 
Accumulated
Other
Comprehensive
Loss
 
Retained
Earnings
 
Treasury
Stock at
Cost
 
Non-
controlling
Interests
 
Total
Equity
March 31, 2019
 
$
0.6

 
$
804.4

 
$
(106.9
)
 
$
3,652.6

 
$
(1,210.3
)
 
$
619.9

 
$
3,760.3

Net income
 
—

 
—

 
—

 
107.7

 
—

 
72.5

 
180.2

Other comprehensive income (loss)
 
—

 
—

 
11.8

 
—

 
—

 
(7.3
)
 
4.5

Share-based compensation
 
—

 
10.2

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
10.2

Common stock issued under share-based incentive plans
 
—

 
(0.8
)
 
—

 
—

 
0.7

 
—

 
(0.1
)
Share repurchases
 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
(50.1
)
 
—

 
(50.1
)
Dividends ($0.32 per share)
 
—

 
—

 
—

 
(16.6
)
 
—

 
—

 
(16.6
)
Issuance costs and other
 
—

 
0.2

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
0.2

Affiliate equity activity:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Affiliate equity compensation
 
—

 
2.8

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
9.6

 
12.4

Issuances
 
—

 
(0.6
)
 
—

 
—

 
—

 
1.0

 
0.4

Repurchases
 
—

 
3.1

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
3.1

Changes in redemption value of Redeemable non-controlling interests
 
—

 
16.5

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
16.5

Transfers to Redeemable non-controlling interests
 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
(7.1
)
 
(7.1
)
Distributions to non-controlling interests
 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
(88.1
)
 
(88.1
)
June 30, 2019
 
$
0.6

 
$
835.8

 
$
(95.1
)
 
$
3,743.7

 
$
(1,259.7
)
 
$
600.5

 
$
3,825.8

Three Months Ended June 30, 2020
 
Total Stockholders’ Equity
 
 
 
 
 
 
Common
Stock
 
Additional
Paid-In
Capital
 
Accumulated
Other
Comprehensive
Loss
 
Retained
Earnings
 
Treasury
Stock at
Cost
 
Non-
controlling
Interests
 
Total
Equity
March 31, 2020
 
$
0.6

 
$
860.7

 
$
(146.5
)
 
$
3,789.1

 
$
(1,523.9
)
 
$
528.9

 
$
3,508.9

Net income
 
—

 
—

 
—

 
30.7

 
—

 
32.8

 
63.5

Other comprehensive income (loss)
 
—

 
—

 
(23.9
)
 
—

 
—

 
(0.6
)
 
(24.5
)
Share-based compensation
 
—

 
22.5

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
22.5

Common stock issued under share-based incentive plans
 
—

 
(6.4
)
 
—

 
—

 
6.4

 
—

 
—

Share repurchases
 
—

 
(4.5
)
 
—

 
—

 
(45.5
)
 
—

 
(50.0
)
Dividends ($0.01 per share)
 
—

 
—

 
—

 
(0.5
)
 
—

 
—

 
(0.5
)
Affiliate equity activity:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Affiliate equity compensation
 
—

 
5.1

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
5.1

 
10.2

Issuances
 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
4.6

 
4.6

Repurchases
 
—

 
1.7

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
(11.2
)
 
(9.5
)
Changes in redemption value of Redeemable non-controlling interests
 
—

 
(110.9
)
 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
(110.9
)
Transfers to Redeemable non-controlling interests
 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
(0.3
)
 
(0.3
)
Capital contributions and other
 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

Distributions to non-controlling interests
 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
(72.1
)
 
(72.1
)
June 30, 2020
 
$
0.6

 
$
768.2

 
$
(170.4
)
 
$
3,819.3

 
$
(1,563.0
)
 
$
487.2

 
$
3,341.9

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the Consolidated Financial Statements.




5

AFFILIATED MANAGERS GROUP, INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN EQUITY
(in millions)
(unaudited)
Six Months Ended June 30, 2019
 
Total Stockholders' Equity
 
 
 
 
 
 
Common
Stock
 
Additional
Paid-In
Capital
 
Accumulated
Other
Comprehensive Loss
 
Retained
Earnings
 
Treasury
Stock at
Cost
 
Non-
controlling
Interests
 
Total
Equity
December 31, 2018
 
$
0.6

 
$
835.6

 
$
(109.0
)
 
$
3,876.8

 
$
(1,146.6
)
 
$
677.5

 
$
4,134.9

Impact of adoption of new accounting standards (ASU 2018-02)
 
—

 
—

 
—

 
(6.6
)
 
—

 
—

 
(6.6
)
Net income (loss)
 
—

 
—

 
—

 
(93.1
)
 
—

 
140.3

 
47.2

Other comprehensive income (loss)
 
—

 
—

 
13.9

 
—

 
—

 
(0.7
)
 
13.2

Share-based compensation
 
—

 
19.0

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
19.0

Common stock issued under share-based incentive plans
 
—

 
(33.8
)
 
—

 
—

 
27.6

 
—

 
(6.2
)
Share repurchases
 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
(140.7
)
 
—

 
(140.7
)
Dividends ($0.64 per share)
 
—

 
—

 
—

 
(33.4
)
 
—

 
—

 
(33.4
)
Issuance costs and other
 
—

 
0.2

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
0.2

Affiliate equity activity:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Affiliate equity compensation
 
—

 
5.0

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
18.0

 
23.0

Issuances
 
—

 
(1.5
)
 
—

 
—

 
—

 
12.1

 
10.6

Repurchases
 
—

 
7.7

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
7.7

Changes in redemption value of Redeemable non-controlling interests
 
—

 
3.6

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
3.6

Transfers to Redeemable non-controlling interests
 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
(54.4
)
 
(54.4
)
Capital contributions and other
 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
0.4

 
0.4

Distributions to non-controlling interests
 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
(192.7
)
 
(192.7
)
June 30, 2019

$
0.6

 
$
835.8

 
$
(95.1
)
 
$
3,743.7

 
$
(1,259.7
)
 
$
600.5

 
$
3,825.8

Six Months Ended June 30, 2020
 
Total Stockholders' Equity
 
 
 
 
 
 
Common
Stock
 
Additional
Paid-In
Capital
 
Accumulated
Other
Comprehensive
Loss
 
Retained
Earnings
 
Treasury
Stock at
Cost
 
Non-
controlling
Interests
 
Total
Equity
December 31, 2019
 
$
0.6

 
$
707.2

 
$
(108.8
)
 
$
3,819.8

 
$
(1,481.3
)
 
$
561.6

 
$
3,499.1

Net income
 
—

 
—

 
—

 
15.1

 
—

 
88.3

 
103.4

Other comprehensive income (loss)
 
—

 
—

 
(61.6
)
 
—

 
—

 
(16.8
)
 
(78.4
)
Share-based compensation
 
—

 
30.7

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
30.7

Common stock issued under share-based incentive plans
 
—

 
(39.8
)
 
—

 
—

 
33.4

 
—

 
(6.4
)
Share repurchases
 
—

 
(4.5
)
 
—

 
—

 
(115.1
)
 
—

 
(119.6
)
Dividends ($0.33 per share)
 
—

 
—

 
—

 
(15.6
)
 
—

 
—

 
(15.6
)
Affiliate equity activity:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Affiliate equity compensation
 
—

 
7.9

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
18.9

 
26.8

Issuances
 
—

 
(1.8
)
 
—

 
—

 
—

 
18.6

 
16.8

Repurchases
 
—

 
36.4

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
(11.2
)
 
25.2

Changes in redemption value of Redeemable non-controlling interests
 
—

 
32.1

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
32.1

Transfers to Redeemable non-controlling interests
 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
(5.4
)
 
(5.4
)
Capital contributions and other
 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
4.9

 
4.9

Distributions to non-controlling interests
 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
(171.7
)
 
(171.7
)
June 30, 2020
 
$
0.6

 
$
768.2

 
$
(170.4
)
 
$
3,819.3

 
$
(1,563.0
)
 
$
487.2

 
$
3,341.9

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the Consolidated Financial Statements.

6

AFFILIATED MANAGERS GROUP, INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(in millions)
(unaudited)
 
For the Six Months Ended June 30,
 
2019
 
2020
Cash flow from (used in) operating activities:
 
 
 
Net income
$
47.2

 
$
103.4

Adjustments to reconcile Net income to cash flow from (used in) operating activities:
 
 
 
Intangible amortization and impairments
50.9

 
101.5

Depreciation and other amortization
10.6

 
10.1

Deferred income tax benefit
(80.5
)
 
(19.5
)
Equity method loss (net)
328.8

 
95.8

Distributions of earnings received from equity method investments
155.9

 
160.2

Share-based compensation and Affiliate equity expense
42.0

 
57.5

Other non-cash items
(8.8
)
 
24.3

Changes in assets and liabilities:
 
 
 
Purchases of securities by consolidated Affiliate sponsored investment products
—

 
(64.8
)
Sales of securities by consolidated Affiliate sponsored investment products
3.2

 
62.3

Increase in receivables
(126.5
)
 
(92.5
)
(Increase) decrease in other assets
(0.8
)
 
14.0

Decrease in payables, accrued liabilities and other liabilities
(112.8
)
 
(76.9
)
Cash flow from operating activities
309.2

 
375.4

Cash flow from (used in) investing activities:
 
 
 
Investments in Affiliates
(59.8
)
 
(2.4
)
Divestments of Affiliates
28.8

 
—

Purchase of fixed assets
(6.3
)
 
(4.5
)
Purchase of investment securities
(30.7
)
 
(23.5
)
Sale of investment securities
25.0

 
33.5

Cash flow from (used) in investing activities
(43.0
)
 
3.1

Cash flow from (used in) financing activities:
 
 
 
Borrowings of senior bank debt and senior notes
420.7

 
599.8

Repayments of senior bank debt
(460.0
)
 
(350.0
)
Repurchases of common stock (net)
(141.8
)
 
(113.3
)
Dividends paid on common stock
(33.4
)
 
(15.8
)
Distributions to non-controlling interests
(192.7
)
 
(171.7
)
Affiliate equity repurchases and issuances (net)
(41.9
)
 
(143.5
)
Other financing items
(21.3
)
 
(31.8
)
Cash flow used in financing activities
(470.4
)
 
(226.3
)
Effect of foreign currency exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents
1.3

 
(10.2
)
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents
(202.9
)
 
142.0

Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period
565.5

 
539.6

Effect of deconsolidation of Affiliate sponsored investment products
(2.6
)
 
—

Cash and cash equivalents at end of period
$
360.0

 
$
681.6

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the Consolidated Financial Statements.

7
AFFILIATED MANAGERS GROUP, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (unaudited)



1.
Basis of Presentation and Use of Estimates
The Consolidated Financial Statements of Affiliated Managers Group, Inc. (the “Company”) have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”) for interim financial information and with the instructions to Form 10-Q and Rule 10-01 of Regulation S-X. Accordingly, they do not include all of the information and footnotes required by GAAP for full year financial statements. In the opinion of management, all normal and recurring adjustments considered necessary for a fair statement of the Company’s interim financial position and results of operations have been included and all intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated. Certain reclassifications have been made to the prior period’s financial statements to conform to the current period’s presentation. Operating results for interim periods are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for any other period or for the full year. The Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2019 includes additional information about its operations, financial position and accounting policies, and should be read in conjunction with this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. Actual results could differ from those estimates.
All amounts in these notes, except per share data in the text and tables herein, are stated in millions unless otherwise indicated.
2.
Accounting Standards and Policies
Recently Adopted Accounting Standards

Effective January 1, 2020, the Company adopted the following new Accounting Standard Updates (“ASUs”):

•
ASU 2016-13, Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments

The adoption of this standard did not have a significant impact on the Company’s Consolidated Financial Statements.

Recent Accounting Developments

In June 2020, the FASB extended the effective date of ASU 2016-02, Leases, for the Company’s Affiliates accounted for under the equity method. After the extension, ASU 2016-02 is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2021 and interims periods beginning after December 15, 2022.

In December 2019, the FASB issued ASU 2019-12, Simplifying the Accounting for Income Taxes. The standard is effective for interim and annual periods beginning after December 15, 2020 for the Company and its consolidated Affiliates, and is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2021 and interim periods beginning after December 15, 2022 for the Company’s Affiliates accounted for under the equity method. The Company is evaluating the impact of this standard on its Consolidated Financial Statements.
3.
Investments in Marketable Securities
The following is a summary of the cost, gross unrealized gains, gross unrealized losses and fair value of Investments in marketable securities:
 
December 31,
2019
 
June 30,
2020
Cost
$
57.9

 
$
62.3

Unrealized gains
2.1

 
1.7

Unrealized losses
(0.6
)
 
(2.6
)
Fair value
$
59.4

 
$
61.4


The Company recorded proceeds of $3.4 million and $18.5 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2019, respectively, and $37.9 million and $64.1 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2020, respectively, from the sale of investments in marketable securities. The Company recorded net gains (losses) of $0.2 million and $0.7 million for the three

8
AFFILIATED MANAGERS GROUP, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (unaudited)


and six months ended June 30, 2019, respectively, and $0.9 million and $(0.1) million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2020, respectively.
As of December 31, 2019 and June 30, 2020, Investments in marketable securities includes consolidated Affiliate sponsored investment products with fair values of $38.1 million and $37.6 million, respectively.
4.
Investments in Affiliates and Affiliate Sponsored Investment Products
In evaluating whether an investment must be consolidated, the Company evaluates the risk, rewards and significant terms of each of its Affiliates and other investments to determine if an investment is considered a voting rights entity (“VRE”) or a variable interest entity (“VIE”). An entity is a VRE when the total equity investment at risk is sufficient to enable the entity to finance its activities independently, and when the equity holders have the obligation to absorb losses, the right to receive residual returns and the right to direct the activities of the entity that most significantly impact its economic performance. An entity is a VIE when it lacks one or more of the characteristics of a VRE, which, for the Company, are Affiliate investments structured as partnerships (or similar entities) where the Company is a limited partner and lacks substantive kick-out or substantive participation rights over the general partner. Assessing whether an entity is a VRE or VIE involves judgment. Upon the occurrence of certain events, management reviews and reconsiders its previous conclusion regarding the status of an entity as a VRE or a VIE.

The Company consolidates VREs when it has control over significant operating, financial and investing decisions of the entity. When the Company lacks such control, but is deemed to have significant influence, the Company accounts for the VRE under the equity method. Other investments in which the Company does not have rights to exercise significant influence are recorded at fair value, with changes in fair value recorded in Investment and other income (expense) on the Consolidated Statements of Income.

The Company consolidates VIEs when it is the primary beneficiary of the entity, which is defined as having the power to direct the activities that most significantly impact the VIE’s economic performance and the obligation to absorb losses of, or the right to receive benefits from, the entity that could potentially be significant to the VIE. Substantially all of the Company’s consolidated Affiliates considered VIEs are controlled because the Company holds a majority of the voting interests or it is the managing member or general partner. Furthermore, an Affiliate’s assets can be used for purposes other than the settlement of the respective Affiliate’s obligations. The Company applies the equity method of accounting to VIEs where the Company is not the primary beneficiary, but has the ability to exercise significant influence over operating and financial matters of the VIE.

Investments in Affiliates

Substantially all of the Company’s Affiliates are considered VIEs and are either consolidated or accounted for under the equity method. A limited number of the Company’s Affiliates are considered VREs and most of these are accounted for under the equity method.

When an Affiliate is consolidated, the portion of the earnings attributable to Affiliate management’s equity ownership is included in Net income (non-controlling interests) in the Consolidated Statements of Income. Undistributed earnings attributable to Affiliate managements’ equity ownership, along with their share of any tangible or intangible net assets, are presented within Non-controlling interests on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. Affiliate equity interests where the holder has certain rights to demand settlement are presented, at their current redemption values, as Redeemable non-controlling interests on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. The Company periodically issues, sells and repurchases the equity of its consolidated Affiliates. Because these transactions take place between entities that are under common control, any gains or losses attributable to these transactions are required to be included within Additional paid-in capital in the Consolidated Balance Sheets, net of any related income tax effects in the period the transaction occurs.

When an Affiliate is accounted for under the equity method, the Company’s share of an Affiliate’s earnings or losses, net of amortization and impairments, is included in Equity method income (loss) (net) in the Consolidated Statements of Income and the carrying value of the Affiliate is reported in Equity method investments in Affiliates (net) in the Consolidated Balance Sheets. Deferred taxes recorded on intangible assets upon acquisition of an Affiliate accounted for under the equity method are presented on a gross basis within Equity method investments in Affiliates (net) and Deferred income tax liability (net) in the Consolidated Balance Sheets. The Company’s share of income taxes incurred directly by Affiliates accounted for under the equity method is recorded within Income tax expense (benefit) in the Consolidated Statements of Income.

9
AFFILIATED MANAGERS GROUP, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (unaudited)


The Company periodically performs assessments to determine if fair value may have declined below related carrying value for its Affiliates accounted for under the equity method for a period that the Company considers to be other-than temporary. Where the Company believes that such declines may have occurred, the Company determines the amount of impairment using valuation methods, such as discounted cash flow techniques. Impairments are recorded as an expense in Equity method income (loss) (net) to reduce the carrying value of the Affiliate to its fair value.
The unconsolidated assets, net of liabilities and non-controlling interests of Affiliates accounted for under the equity method considered VIEs, and the Company’s carrying value and maximum exposure to loss, were as follows:
 
December 31, 2019
 
June 30, 2020
 
Unconsolidated
VIE Net Assets
 
Carrying Value and
Maximum Exposure
to Loss
 
Unconsolidated
VIE Net Assets
 
Carrying Value and
Maximum Exposure
to Loss
Affiliates accounted for under the equity method
$
1,141.4

 
$
1,843.0

 
$
986.2

 
$
1,816.2



As of December 31, 2019 and June 30, 2020, the carrying value and maximum exposure to loss for all of the Company’s Affiliates accounted for under the equity method was $2,195.6 million and $1,991.0 million, respectively, including Affiliates accounted for under the equity method considered VREs of $352.6 million and $174.8 million, respectively.

Affiliate Sponsored Investment Products

The Company’s Affiliates sponsor various investment products where they also act as the investment adviser. These investment products are typically owned primarily by third-party investors; however, certain products are funded with general partner and seed capital investments from the Company and its Affiliates.

Third-party investors in Affiliate sponsored investment products are generally entitled to substantially all of the economics of these products, except for the asset and performance based fees earned by the Company’s Affiliates or any gains or losses attributable to the Company’s or its Affiliates’ investments in these products. As a result, the Company does not generally consolidate these products unless the Company’s or its consolidated Affiliate’s interest in the product is considered substantial. When the Company’s or its consolidated Affiliates’ interests are considered substantial and the products are consolidated, the Company retains the specialized investment company accounting principles of the underlying products, and all of the underlying investments are carried at fair value in Investments in marketable securities in the Consolidated Balance Sheets, with corresponding changes in the investments’ fair values reflected in Investment and other income (expense). Purchases and sales of securities are presented within purchases and sales by consolidated Affiliate sponsored investment products in the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows and the third-party investors’ interests are recorded in Redeemable non-controlling interests. When the Company or its consolidated Affiliates no longer control these products, due to a reduction in ownership or other reasons, the products are deconsolidated with only the Company’s or its consolidated Affiliate’s investment in the product reported from the date of deconsolidation.

The Company’s carrying value, and maximum exposure to loss from unconsolidated Affiliate sponsored investment products, is its or its consolidated Affiliate’s interest in the unconsolidated net assets of the respective products. The net assets of unconsolidated VIEs attributable to Affiliate sponsored investment products, and the Company’s carrying value and maximum exposure to loss, were as follows:
 
December 31, 2019
 
June 30, 2020

Unconsolidated
VIE Net Assets
 
Carrying Value and
Maximum Exposure
to Loss
 
Unconsolidated
VIE Net Assets
 
Carrying Value and
Maximum Exposure
to Loss
Affiliate sponsored investment products
$
2,282.1

 
$
0.9

 
$
2,321.1

 
$
0.3


5.
Debt

10
AFFILIATED MANAGERS GROUP, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (unaudited)


The following table summarizes the Company’s Debt:
 
December 31,
2019
 
June 30,
2020
Senior bank debt
$
449.7

 
$
349.7

Senior notes
743.8

 
1,091.1

Junior convertible securities
310.6

 
312.3

Junior subordinated notes
289.7

 
289.7

Debt
$
1,793.8

 
$
2,042.8


The Company’s senior notes, junior convertible securities and junior subordinated notes are carried at amortized cost. Unamortized discounts and debt issuance costs are presented in the Consolidated Balance Sheets as an adjustment to the carrying value of the associated debt.

Senior Bank Debt

The Company has a $1.25 billion senior unsecured multicurrency revolving credit facility (the “revolver”) and a $350.0 million senior unsecured term loan facility (the “term loan” and, together with the revolver, the “credit facilities”). The revolver matures on January 18, 2024, and the term loan matures on January 18, 2023. Subject to certain conditions, the Company may increase the commitments under the revolver by up to an additional $500.0 million and may borrow up to an additional $75.0 million under the term loan. The Company pays interest on any outstanding obligations under the credit facilities at specified rates, based either on an applicable LIBOR or prime rate, plus a marginal rate determined based on its credit rating. For the three months ended June 30, 2020, the interest rate for substantially all of the Company’s borrowings under the credit facilities was LIBOR plus 1.1% for the revolver and LIBOR plus 0.875% for the term loan. As of December 31, 2019 and June 30, 2020, the Company had no outstanding borrowings under the revolver.

Senior Notes
On June 5, 2020, the Company issued $350.0 million aggregate principal amount of 3.3% senior unsecured notes due June 15, 2030 (the “2030 senior notes”). The 2030 senior notes pay interest semi-annually and may be redeemed at any time, in whole or in part, at a make-whole redemption price plus accrued and unpaid interest. In addition to customary event of default provisions, the indenture governing the 2030 senior notes limits the Company's ability to consolidate, merge or sell all or substantially all of its assets and requires the Company to make an offer to repurchase the 2030 senior notes upon certain change of control triggering events.
6.
Derivative Financial Instruments
The Company and its Affiliates may use derivative financial instruments to offset exposure to changes in interest rates, foreign currency exchange rates and markets.

In 2018, the Company entered into two separate pound sterling-denominated forward foreign currency contracts (the “forward contracts”) with a large financial institution (the “counterparty”). Concurrent to entering into each of the forward contracts, the Company also entered into two separate collar contracts (the “collar contracts”) with the same counterparty for the same notional amounts and expiration dates as each of the forward contracts. The combinations of the forward contracts and the collar contracts were designated as net investment hedges against fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates on certain of the Company’s investments in Affiliates with the pound sterling as their functional currency.

In the first quarter of 2020, the Company terminated the forward contracts and the corresponding collar contracts, and upon settlement received net proceeds of $24.9 million. The net proceeds from the termination of the contracts are presented within sale of investment securities in the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows. The Company’s forward contracts and collar contracts with the counterparty were governed by an International Swaps and Derivative Association Master Agreement, which provided for legally enforceable rights to set-off. The terms of the contracts also required the Company and the counterparty to post cash collateral in certain circumstances throughout the duration of the contracts. As of December 31, 2019, the Company held $8.7 million of cash collateral from the counterparty, and the counterparty held no cash collateral from the Company.

In the first quarter of 2020, the Company entered into an interest rate swap contract (the “interest rate swap”) with a financial institution (the “swap counterparty”), which will expire in March 2023. The interest rate swap, which is designated as

11
AFFILIATED MANAGERS GROUP, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (unaudited)


a cash flow hedge, is used to exchange the Company’s LIBOR-based interest payments for fixed rate payments. The Company receives payments based on one month LIBOR and makes payments based on an annual fixed rate of 0.5135% on a notional amount of $250.0 million. The terms of the contract also require the Company and the swap counterparty to post cash collateral in certain circumstances throughout the duration of the contract. As of June 30, 2020, the Company held no cash collateral from the swap counterparty, and the swap counterparty held $1.6 million of cash collateral from the Company.

Certain of the Company’s Affiliates use forward foreign currency contracts to hedge the risk of foreign exchange rate movements, which were not significant.

Changes in the fair values of cash flow hedges are reported in Change in net realized and unrealized gain (loss) on derivative financial instruments in the Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income. Upon termination of the interest rate swap or the repayment of the Company’s outstanding LIBOR-based borrowings, any gain or loss recorded in Accumulated other comprehensive loss in the Consolidated Balance Sheets will be reclassified into earnings. Changes in the fair values of the effective net investment hedges are reported in Foreign currency translation gain (loss) in the Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income. Upon the sale or liquidation of the underlying investment, any gain or loss remaining in Accumulated other comprehensive loss related to the forward and collar contracts will be reclassified to earnings. The Company assesses hedge effectiveness on a quarterly basis.

The following table summarizes the Company’s and its Affiliates’ derivative financial instruments measured at fair value on a recurring basis:
 
 
December 31, 2019
 
June 30, 2020
 
 
Assets
 
Liabilities
 
Assets
 
Liabilities
Forward contracts
 
$
23.8

 
$
(1.0
)
 
$
1.0

 
$
(0.6
)
Put options
 
—

 
(31.0
)
 
—

 
 
—

Call options
 
15.1

 
—

 
—

 
 
—

Interest rate swap
 
—

 
—

 
—

 
 
(2.0
)
Total
 
$
38.9

 
$
(32.0
)
 
$
1.0

 
$
(2.6
)


The forward and collar contracts entered into in 2018 included a set-off right and were therefore, presented on a net basis in Other assets; they were $5.7 million as of December 31, 2019. The Company and certain of its consolidated Affiliates have also entered into contracts that do not include set-off rights and are therefore, presented on a gross basis in Other assets and Other liabilities; they were $2.2 million and $1.0 million, respectively, as of December 31, 2019 and $1.0 million and $2.6 million, respectively, as of June 30, 2020.

The following tables summarize the effects of derivative financial instruments on the Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income and the Consolidated Statements of Income:
 
 
For the Three Months Ended June 30,
 
 
2019
 
2020
 
 
Gain (Loss) Recognized in Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)
 
Gain Reclassified from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss into Earnings
 
Gain Recognized in Earnings from Excluded Components(1)
 
Loss Recognized in Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)
 
Gain Reclassified from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss into Earnings
 
Gain (Loss) Recognized in Earnings from Excluded Components(1)
Forward contracts
 
$
26.6

 
$
0.3

 
$
3.5

 
$
(0.5
)
 
$
0.2

 
$
—

Put options
 
(12.3
)
 
—

 
—

 
—

 
 
—

 
—

Call options
 
(7.6
)
 
—

 
—

 
—

 
 
—

 
—

Interest rate swap
 
—

 
—

 
—

 
(1.2
)
 
 
—

 
—

Total
 
$
6.7

 
$
0.3

 
$
3.5

 
$
(1.7
)
 
$
0.2

 
$
—



12
AFFILIATED MANAGERS GROUP, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (unaudited)


 
 
For the Six Months Ended June 30,
 
 
2019
 
2020
 
 
Gain (Loss) Recognized in Other Comprehensive Income
 
Gain Reclassified from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss into Earnings
 
Gain Recognized in Earnings from Excluded Components(1)
 
Gain (Loss) Recognized in Other Comprehensive Income
 
Gain Reclassified from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss into Earnings
 
Gain Recognized in Earnings from Excluded Components(1)
Forward contracts
 
$
9.8

 
$
0.2

 
$
7.0

 
$
64.5

 
$
0.3

 
$
2.8

Put options
 
5.6

 
—

 
—

 
(47.7
)
 
 
—

 
—

Call options
 
(15.1
)
 
—

 
—

 
(1.3
)
 
 
—

 
—

Interest rate swap
 
—

 
—

 
—

 
(2.0
)
 
 
—

 
—

Total
 
$
0.3

 
$
0.2

 
$
7.0

 
$
13.5

 
$
0.3

 
$
2.8

___________________________

(1) 
The excluded components of the forward contracts were recognized in earnings on a straight-line basis over the respective period of the contracts as a reduction to Interest expense on the Consolidated Statements of Income.
7.
Commitments and Contingencies
From time to time, the Company and its Affiliates may be subject to claims, legal proceedings and other contingencies in the ordinary course of their business activities. Any such matters are subject to various uncertainties, and it is possible that some of these matters may be resolved in a manner unfavorable to the Company or its Affiliates. The Company and its Affiliates establish accruals, as necessary, for matters for which the outcome is probable and the amount of the liability can be reasonably estimated.
The Company has committed to co-invest in certain Affiliate sponsored investment products. As of June 30, 2020, these unfunded commitments were $135.3 million and may be called in future periods.
As of June 30, 2020, the Company was obligated to make payments related to an investment in an Affiliate. The maximum the Company is obligated to pay is $10.0 million in 2020, $25.0 million in 2021, and $37.5 million in 2022. In addition, as of June 30, 2020, the Company was contingently liable to make payments related to the achievement of specified financial targets by certain of its Affiliates accounted for under the equity method, of which $150.0 million may become payable in 2021, $77.5 million in 2022 and $62.5 million from 2023 through 2025. As of June 30, 2020, the Company expected to make payments to an Affiliate accounted for under the equity method of approximately $53 million. The Company expects to make no payments in 2020. In the event certain financial targets are not met at one of the Company’s Affiliates, the Company may receive payments of up to $12.5 million and also has the option to reduce its ownership interest and receive an incremental payment of $25.0 million.
Affiliate equity interests provide holders with a conditional right to put their interests to the Company over time. See Note 14. In connection with one of the Company’s investments in an Affiliate, a minority owner has the right to elect to sell a portion of its ownership interest in the Affiliate to the Company annually. If the minority owner sells its interest to the Company, then the Company will continue to account for the Affiliate under the equity method. In the fourth quarter of 2019, the Company was notified by the minority owner that it had elected to sell a 5% interest in the Affiliate to the Company. In the first quarter of 2020, with the consent of the Company, the minority owner rescinded this notice. As of June 30, 2020, the minority owner maintains a 14% ownership interest in the Affiliate.
The Company and certain of its consolidated Affiliates operate under regulatory authorities that require the maintenance of minimum financial or capital requirements. Management is not aware of any significant violations of such requirements.
8.
Fair Value Measurements
The following tables summarize the Company’s financial assets and liabilities that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis:

13
AFFILIATED MANAGERS GROUP, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (unaudited)


 
 
 
Fair Value Measurements
 
December 31,
2019
 
 
 
Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)
 
Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)
 
Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
Financial Assets
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Investments in marketable securities
$
59.4

 
$
24.4

 
$
35.0

 
$
—

Derivative financial instruments(1)
7.9

 
—

 
7.9

 
—

Financial Liabilities(2)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Affiliate equity repurchase obligations
$
19.8

 
$
—

 
$
—

 
$
19.8

Derivative financial instruments
1.0

 
—

 
1.0

 
—

 
 
 
Fair Value Measurements
 
June 30,
2020
 
 
 
Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)
 
Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)
 
Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
Financial Assets
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Investments in marketable securities
$
61.4

 
$
26.3

 
$
35.1

 
$
—

Other investments
8.5

 
—

 
—

 
8.5

Derivative financial instruments(1)
1.0

 
—

 
1.0

 
—

Financial Liabilities(2)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Affiliate equity repurchase obligations
$
73.3

 
$
—

 
$
—

 
$
73.3

Derivative financial instruments
2.6

 
—

 
2.6

 
—

__________________________
(1) 
Amounts are presented within Other assets.

(2) 
Amounts are presented within Other liabilities.
Level 3 Financial Assets and Liabilities
The following tables present the changes in level 3 assets and liabilities:
 
For the Three Months Ended June 30,
 
2019
 
2020
 
Contingent Payment Arrangements
 
Affiliate Equity Repurchase Obligations
 
Other Investments
 
Contingent Payment Arrangements
 
Affiliate Equity Repurchase Obligations
Balance, beginning of period
$
2.0

 
$
75.4

 
$
8.5

 
$
—

 
$
115.1

Net realized and unrealized losses(1)
—

 
(0.1
)
 
—

 
—

 
(2.4
)
Purchases and issuances(2)
—

 
18.4

 
—

 
—

 
13.0

Settlements and reductions
(2.0
)
 
(36.3
)
 
—

 
—

 
(52.4
)
Balance, end of period
$
—

 
$
57.4

 
$
8.5

 
$
—

 
$
73.3

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net change in unrealized gains (losses) relating to instruments still held at the reporting date
$
—

 
$
—

 
$
—

 
$
—

 
$
—



14
AFFILIATED MANAGERS GROUP, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (unaudited)


 
For the Six Months Ended June 30,
 
2019
 
2020
 
Contingent Payment Arrangements
 
Affiliate Equity Repurchase Obligations
 
Other Investments
 
Contingent Payment Arrangements
 
Affiliate Equity Repurchase Obligations
Balance, beginning of period
$
1.9

 
$
36.2

 
$
—

 
$
—

 
$
19.8

Net realized and unrealized losses(1)
0.1

 
(0.1
)
 
—

 
—

 
(3.9
)
Purchases and issuances(2)
—

 
73.0

 
8.5

 
—

 
207.0

Settlements and reductions
(2.0
)
 
(51.7
)
 
—

 
—

 
(149.6
)
Balance, end of period
$
—

 
$
57.4

 
$
8.5

 
$
—

 
$
73.3

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net change in unrealized gains (losses) relating to instruments still held at the reporting date
$
—

 
$
—

 
$
—

 
$
—

 
$
—

___________________________

(1) 
Accretion expense for these arrangements and obligations is recorded in Interest expense.

(2) 
Includes transfers from Redeemable non-controlling interests.
The following table presents certain quantitative information about the significant unobservable inputs used in valuing the Company’s level 3 fair value measurements:
 
Quantitative Information About Level 3 Fair Value Measurements
 
 
 
 
 
December 31, 2019
 
June 30, 2020
 
Valuation
Techniques
 
Unobservable
Input
 
Fair Value
 
Range
 
Weighted Average(1) 
 
Fair Value
 
Range
 
Weighted Average(1)
Affiliate equity repurchase obligations
Discounted cash flow
 
Growth rates(2)
 
19.8

 
(9)% - 7%
 
5
%
 
73.3

 
(1)% - 10%
 
9
%
 
 
 
Discount rates
 
 

 
14% - 17%
 
15
%
 
 

 
15% - 16%
 
15
%
___________________________
(1) 
Calculated by comparing the relative fair value of an obligation to its respective total.
(2) 
Represents growth rates of asset and performance based fees.
Affiliate equity repurchase obligations include agreements to repurchase Affiliate equity. As of June 30, 2020, there were no changes to growth or discount rates that had a significant impact to Affiliate equity repurchase obligations recorded in prior periods.
Other Investments Carried at Fair Value
The Company’s Affiliates sponsor investment products in which the Company and its Affiliates may make general partner and seed capital investments. The Company uses the net asset value (“NAV”) of these investments as a practical expedient for their fair values. The Company also has investments that do not utilize NAV as a practical expedient for fair value.
The following table summarizes the fair value of Other investments and any related unfunded commitments:
 
December 31, 2019
 
June 30, 2020
Category of Investment
Fair Value
 
Unfunded
Commitments
 
Fair Value
 
Unfunded
Commitments
Private equity funds(1)
$
203.3

 
$
127.2

 
$
190.2

 
$
135.3

Investments in other strategies(2)
8.5

 
—

 
5.3

 
—

Investments measured at NAV as a practical expedient
$
211.8

 
$
127.2

 
$
195.5

 
$
135.3

Other
—

 
—

 
8.5

 
—

Other investments(3)
$
211.8

 
$
127.2

 
$
204.0

 
$
135.3

___________________________

15
AFFILIATED MANAGERS GROUP, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (unaudited)


(1) 
The Company accounts for its interests in private equity funds under the equity method of accounting and, therefore, uses NAV as a practical expedient, one quarter in arrears (adjusted for current period calls and distributions) to determine the fair value. These funds primarily invest in a broad range of third-party funds and direct investments. Distributions will be received as the underlying assets are liquidated over the life of the funds, which is generally up to 15 years.
(2) 
These are multi-disciplinary funds that invest across various asset classes and strategies, including equity, credit and real estate. Investments are generally redeemable on a daily, monthly or quarterly basis.
(3) 
Fair value attributable to the controlling interest was $137.6 million and $140.9 million as of December 31, 2019 and June 30, 2020, respectively.
Other Financial Assets and Liabilities Not Carried at Fair Value
The Company has other financial assets and liabilities, which are not required to be carried at fair value, but the Company is required to disclose their fair values. The carrying amount of Cash and cash equivalents, Receivables, and Payables and accrued liabilities approximates fair value because of the short-term nature of these instruments. The carrying value of notes receivable, which is reported in Other assets, approximates fair value because interest rates and other terms are at market rates. The carrying value of the credit facilities approximates fair value because the credit facilities have variable interest based on selected short-term rates.
The following table summarizes the Company’s other financial liabilities not carried at fair value:
 
December 31, 2019
 
June 30, 2020
 
 
 
Carrying Value
 
Fair Value
 
Carrying Value
 
Fair Value
 
Fair Value Hierarchy
Senior notes
$
746.8

 
$
797.4

 
$
1,097.0

 
$
1,165.8

 
Level 2
Junior convertible securities
315.4

 
415.7

 
316.9

 
277.3

 
Level 2
Junior subordinated notes
290.7

 
327.7

 
290.7

 
322.0

 
Level 2

9.
Goodwill and Acquired Client Relationships
The following tables present the changes in the Company’s consolidated Affiliates’ Goodwill and components of Acquired client relationships (net):
 
 
Goodwill
Balance, as of December 31, 2019
 
$
2,651.7

Foreign currency translation
 
(24.1
)
Balance, as of June 30, 2020
 
$
2,627.6


 
Acquired Client Relationships (Net)
 
Definite-lived
 
Indefinite-lived
 
Total
 
Gross Book
Value
 
Accumulated
Amortization
 
Net Book
Value
 
Net Book
Value
 
Net Book
Value
Balance, as of December 31, 2019
$
1,248.8

 
$
(1,039.0
)
 
$
209.8

 
$
972.2

 
$
1,182.0

Intangible amortization and impairments
—

 
(55.7
)
 
(55.7
)
 
(45.8
)
 
(101.5
)
Foreign currency translation
(7.3
)
 
4.7

 
(2.6
)
 
(25.6
)
 
(28.2
)
Balance, as of June 30, 2020
$
1,241.5

 
$
(1,090.0
)
 
$
151.5

 
$
900.8

 
$
1,052.3


Definite-lived acquired client relationships at the Company’s consolidated Affiliates are amortized over their expected period of economic benefit. The Company recorded amortization expense within Intangible amortization and impairments in the Consolidated Statements of Income for these relationships of $21.2 million and $50.9 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2019, respectively, and $20.6 million, and $41.2 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2020, respectively. Based on relationships existing as of June 30, 2020, the Company estimates that its consolidated annual amortization expense will be approximately $60 million in 2020, approximately $30 million in each of 2021, 2022 and 2023, and approximately $20 million in 2024.

16
AFFILIATED MANAGERS GROUP, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (unaudited)


In the second quarter of 2020, the Company agreed with a consolidated Affiliate to strategically reposition their business and the Company will sell its equity interest in the Affiliate. The transaction is expected to close in the third quarter of 2020. The Company recorded an expense in Intangible amortization and impairments of $32.8 million attributable to the controlling interest ($60.3 million in aggregate) to reduce the carrying value to zero of the Affiliate’s acquired client relationships.
As of June 30, 2020, the estimated fair values of the Company’s indefinite-lived acquired client relationships exceeded their carrying values. If financial markets worsen as a result of the novel coronavirus global pandemic (“COVID-19”) or other factors, the fair values of these assets could drop below their carrying values resulting in future impairments.
10.
Equity Method Investments in Affiliates
In the first quarter of 2020, the Company completed its minority investment in Comvest Partners. The Company’s purchase price allocation was measured using financial models that included assumptions of expected market performance, net client cash flows and discount rates.
The financial results of certain Affiliates accounted for under the equity method, including those of Comvest Partners, are recognized in the Consolidated Financial Statements one quarter in arrears.
The following table presents the change in Equity method investments in Affiliates (net):
 
Equity Method Investments in Affiliates (Net)
Balance, as of December 31, 2019
$
2,195.6

Earnings
120.4

Intangible amortization and impairments
(216.2
)
Distributions of earnings
(160.2
)
Foreign currency translation
(23.2
)
Investments in Affiliates
86.5

Other
(11.9
)
Balance, as of June 30, 2020
$
1,991.0


Definite-lived acquired client relationships at the Company’s Affiliates accounted for under the equity method are amortized over their expected period of economic benefit. The Company recognized amortization expense for these relationships of $38.9 million and $62.1 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2019, respectively, and $36.9 million and $76.2 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2020, respectively. Based on relationships existing as of June 30, 2020, the Company estimates the annual amortization expense attributable to its Affiliates will be approximately $150 million in 2020, approximately $120 million in 2021, and approximately $50 million in each of 2022, 2023, and 2024.
In the first quarter of 2019, the Company recorded a $415.0 million expense to reduce the carrying value to fair value of an Affiliate. In March 2019, the Company concluded that the growth expectations of the Affiliate had declined and determined that the estimated fair value of the Affiliate had also declined meaningfully. Therefore, the Company performed a valuation to determine whether the fair value of the Affiliate had declined below its carrying value. The fair value of the investment was determined using a discounted cash flow analysis, a level 3 fair value measurement, that included a projected compounded asset based fee growth over the first five years of (13)%, discount rates of 11% and 20% for asset and performance based fees, respectively, and a market participant tax rate of 25%. Based on the discounted cash flow analysis, the Company concluded that the fair value of its investment had declined below its carrying value and that the decline was other-than-temporary. In October 2019, the Company sold its interest in the Affiliate.

In the first quarter of 2020, the Company recorded a $140.0 million expense to reduce the carrying value to fair value of an Affiliate. The decline in the fair value was a result of a decline in assets under management and a reduction in projected growth, which decreased the forecasted revenue associated with the investment. The fair value of the investment was determined using a discounted cash flow analysis, a level 3 fair value measurement, that included projected compounded growth in assets under management over the first five years of (2)%, discount rates of 11% and 20% for asset and performance based fees, respectively, and a market participant tax rate of 25%. Based on the discounted cash flow analysis, the Company concluded that the fair value of its investment had declined below its carrying value and that the decline was other-than-temporary.

17
AFFILIATED MANAGERS GROUP, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (unaudited)


As of June 30, 2020, the estimated fair values of the Company’s Affiliates accounted for under the equity method exceeded their carrying values. If financial markets worsen as a result of COVID-19 or other factors, the fair values of these assets could drop below their carrying values for periods considered other than temporary, resulting in future impairments.

The Company has determined that certain of its Affiliates accounted for under the equity method are significant under Rule 10-01(b)(1) of Regulation S-X. For the three and six months ended June 30, 2019, these Affiliates recognized revenue of $519.9 million and $1,168.2 million, respectively, and net income of $238.5 million and $580.7 million, respectively. For the three and six months ended June 30, 2020, these Affiliates recognized revenue of $460.1 million and $1,165.3 million, respectively, and net income of $128.5 million and $555.6 million, respectively.
11.
Related Party Transactions
A prior owner of one of the Company’s consolidated Affiliates retains interests in certain of the Affiliate’s private equity partnerships and, as a result, is a related party of the Company. The prior owner’s interests are presented in Other liabilities and were $38.5 million and $32.2 million as of December 31, 2019 and June 30, 2020, respectively.
The Company and its Affiliates earn asset and performance based fees and incur distribution and other expenses for services provided to Affiliate sponsored investment products. In addition, Affiliate management owners and the Company’s officers may serve as trustees or directors of certain investment vehicles from which the Company or an Affiliate earns fees.
The Company has related party transactions in association with its contingent payment arrangements and Affiliate equity transactions, as more fully described in Notes 7, 13 and 14.
The Company’s executive officers and directors may invest from time to time in funds advised by its Affiliates on substantially the same terms as other investors.
12.
Share-Based Compensation
The following table presents share-based compensation expense:
 
For the Three Months Ended June 30,
 
For the Six Months Ended June 30,
 
2019
 
2020
 
2019
 
2020
Share-based compensation
$
10.2

 
$
22.5

 
$
19.0

 
$
30.7

Tax benefit
2.5

 
4.1

 
4.7

 
5.6



As of December 31, 2019, the Company had unrecognized share-based compensation expense of $106.6 million. As of June 30, 2020, the Company had unrecognized share-based compensation expense of $101.7 million, which will be recognized over a weighted average period of approximately three years (assuming no forfeitures).
Restricted Stock
The following table summarizes transactions in the Company’s restricted stock units:
 
Restricted Stock Units
 
Weighted Average Grant Date Value
Unvested units - December 31, 2019
1.1

 
$
123.70

Units granted
0.4

 
73.89

Units vested
(0.3
)
 
143.45

Units forfeited
(0.0
)
 
140.33

Performance condition changes
(0.1
)
 
114.65

Unvested units - June 30, 2020
1.1

 
98.78


For the six months ended June 30, 2019 and 2020, the Company granted restricted stock units with fair values of $36.0 million and $30.5 million, respectively. These restricted stock units were valued based on the closing price of the Company’s common stock on the grant date and the number of shares expected to be delivered. Restricted stock units containing vesting conditions generally require service over a period of three years to four years and may also require the satisfaction of certain

18
AFFILIATED MANAGERS GROUP, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (unaudited)


performance conditions. For awards with performance conditions, the number of restricted stock units expected to vest may change over time depending upon the performance level achieved.
Stock Options
The following table summarizes transactions in the Company’s stock options:
 
Stock Options
 
Weighted Average
Exercise Price
 
Weighted Average
Remaining
Contractual Life
(Years)
Unexercised options outstanding - December 31, 2019
2.3

 
$
85.58

 
 
Options granted
0.2

 
74.69

 
 
Options exercised
—

 
—

 
 
Options forfeited
(0.0
)
 
117.13

 
 
Performance condition changes
—

 
—

 
 
Unexercised options outstanding - June 30, 2020
2.5

 
84.35

 
5.5
Exercisable at June 30, 2020
0.4

 
131.70

 
2.2

For the six months ended June 30, 2019 and 2020, the Company granted stock options with fair values of $0.5 million and $3.9 million, respectively, all of which were granted in the first quarter of each period. Stock options generally vest over a period of three years to five years and expire seven years after the grant date. All stock options have been granted with exercise prices equal to the closing price of the Company’s common stock on the grant date. Substantially all of the Company’s outstanding stock options contain both service and performance conditions. For awards with performance conditions, the number of stock options expected to vest may change over time depending upon the performance level achieved.
The weighted average fair value of options granted was $33.58 and $17.49, per option, for the six months ended June 30, 2019 and 2020, respectively. The Company uses the Black-Scholes option pricing model to determine the fair value of options. The weighted average grant date assumptions used to estimate the fair value of stock options granted were as follows:
 
 
For the Six Months Ended June 30,
 
 
2019
 
2020
Dividend yield
 
1.2
%
 
1.7
%
Expected volatility
 
31.9
%
 
29.4
%
Risk-free interest rate
 
2.6
%
 
0.9
%
Expected life of options (in years)
 
5.7

 
5.7

Forfeiture rate
 
—
%
 
—
%

13.
Redeemable Non-Controlling Interests
Affiliate equity interests provide holders with an equity interest in one of the Company’s Affiliates, consistent with the structured partnership interests in place at the respective Affiliate. Affiliate equity holders generally have a conditional right to put their interests to the Company at certain intervals (between five years and 15 years from the date the equity interest is received or on an annual basis following an Affiliate equity holder’s departure). Prior to becoming redeemable, the value of the Company’s Affiliate equity is presented within Non-controlling interests. Upon becoming redeemable, the value of these interests is reclassified and the current redemption value of these interests is presented as Redeemable non-controlling interests. Changes in the current redemption value are recorded to Additional paid-in capital. When the Company receives a put notice, and, therefore, has an unconditional obligation to repurchase Affiliate equity interests, they are reclassified to Other liabilities.

The following table presents the changes in Redeemable non-controlling interests:

19
AFFILIATED MANAGERS GROUP, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (unaudited)


 
 
Redeemable Non-controlling Interests
Balance, as of December 31, 2019(1)
 
$
916.7

Changes attributable to consolidated Affiliate sponsored investment products
 
(0.9
)
Transfers to Other liabilities
 
(207.0
)
Transfers from Non-controlling interests
 
5.4

Changes in redemption value
 
(32.1
)
Balance, as of June 30, 2020(1)
 
$
682.1


___________________________
(1)  
As of December 31, 2019 and June 30, 2020, Redeemable non-controlling interests includes consolidated Affiliate sponsored investment products primarily attributable to third-party investors of $21.6 million and $20.7 million, respectively.
14.
Affiliate Equity
Affiliate equity interests are allocated income in a manner that is consistent with the structured partnership interests in place at the respective Affiliate. The Company’s Affiliates generally pay quarterly distributions to Affiliate equity holders. For the six months ended June 30, 2019 and 2020, distributions paid to Affiliate equity holders (non-controlling interests) were $192.7 million and $171.7 million, respectively.

The Company periodically repurchases Affiliate equity from and issues Affiliate equity to the Company’s consolidated Affiliate partners and its officers under agreements that provide the Company with a conditional right to call and Affiliate equity holders the conditional right to put their Affiliate equity interests to the Company at certain intervals. For the six months ended June 30, 2019 and 2020, the amount of cash paid for repurchases was $51.8 million and $160.6 million, respectively. For the six months ended June 30, 2019 and 2020, the total amount of cash received for issuances was $9.9 million and $17.1 million, respectively.

Sales and repurchases of Affiliate equity generally occur at fair value; however, the Company also grants Affiliate equity to its consolidated Affiliate partners and its officers as a form of compensation. If the equity is issued for consideration below the fair value of the equity, or repurchased for consideration above the fair value of the equity, the difference is recorded as compensation expense in Compensation and related expenses in the Consolidated Statements of Income over the requisite service period.
The following table presents Affiliate equity compensation expense:
 
For the Three Months Ended June 30,
 
For the Six Months Ended June 30,
 
2019
 
2020
 
2019
 
2020
Controlling interest
$
2.8

 
$
5.1

 
$
5.0

 
$
7.9

Non-controlling interests
9.6

 
5.1

 
18.0

 
18.9

Total
$
12.4

 
$
10.2

 
$
23.0

 
$
26.8


The following table presents unrecognized Affiliate equity compensation expense:

Controlling Interest
 
Remaining Life
 
Non-controlling Interests
 
Remaining Life
December 31, 2019
$
40.9

 
4 years
 
$
124.6

 
6 years
June 30, 2020
40.0

 
4 years
 
117.5

 
5 years

The Company records amounts receivable from, and payable to, Affiliate equity holders in connection with the transfer of Affiliate equity interests that have not settled at the end of the period and other related transactions. The total receivable was $14.8 million and $12.3 million as of December 31, 2019 and June 30, 2020, respectively, and was included in Other assets. The total payable was $19.8 million and $73.3 million as of December 31, 2019 and June 30, 2020, respectively, and was included in Other liabilities.

20
AFFILIATED MANAGERS GROUP, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (unaudited)



Effects of Changes in the Company’s Ownership in Affiliates

The Company periodically acquires interests from, and transfers interests to, Affiliate equity holders. Because these transactions do not result in a change of control, any gain or loss related to these transactions is recorded to Additional paid-in capital, which increases or decreases the controlling interest’s equity. No gain or loss related to these transactions is recognized in the Consolidated Statements of Income or the Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income.

While the Company presents the current redemption value of Affiliate equity within Redeemable non-controlling interests, with changes in the current redemption value increasing or decreasing the controlling interest’s equity over time, the following table presents the cumulative effect that ownership changes had on the controlling interest’s equity related only to Affiliate equity transactions that settled during the applicable periods:
 
For the Three Months Ended June 30,
 
For the Six Months Ended June 30,
 
2019
 
2020
 
2019
 
2020
Net income (loss) (controlling interest)
$
107.7

 
$
30.7

 
$
(93.1
)
 
$
15.1

Decrease in controlling interest paid-in capital from Affiliate equity issuances
(0.2
)
 
—

 
(0.9
)
 
(1.3
)
Decrease in controlling interest paid-in capital from Affiliate equity repurchases
(13.3
)
 
(5.5
)
 
(30.6
)
 
(160.6
)
Net income (loss) (controlling interest) including the net impact of Affiliate equity transactions
$
94.2

 
$
25.2

 
$
(124.6
)
 
$
(146.8
)

15.
Income Taxes
The Company’s consolidated income tax provision includes taxes attributable to the controlling interest and, to a lesser extent, taxes attributable to the non-controlling interests.
The following table presents the consolidated provision for income taxes:
 
For the Three Months Ended June 30,
 
For the Six Months Ended June 30,
 
2019
 
2020
 
2019
 
2020
Controlling interest:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Current taxes
$
27.9

 
$
1.3

 
$
48.8

 
$
20.6

Intangible-related deferred taxes
6.6

 
(3.1
)
 
(87.1
)
 
(34.1
)
Other deferred taxes
(1.1
)
 
2.9

 
6.8

 
14.7

Total controlling interest
33.4

 
1.1

 
(31.5
)
 
1.2

Non-controlling interests:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Current taxes
$
2.4

 
$
2.2

 
$
5.6

 
$
4.4

Deferred taxes
(0.1
)
 
0.0

 
(0.2
)
 
(0.1
)
Total non-controlling interests
2.3

 
2.2

 
5.4

 
4.3

Income tax expense (benefit)
$
35.7

 
$
3.3

 
$
(26.1
)
 
$
5.5

Income (loss) before income taxes (controlling interest)
$
141.1

 
$
31.8

 
$
(124.6
)
 
$
16.3

Effective tax rate (controlling interests)(1)
23.7
%
 
3.4
%
 
25.3
%
 
7.6
%
___________________________
(1) 
Taxes attributable to the controlling interest divided by Income before income taxes (controlling interest).

The Company’s effective tax rate (controlling interest) decreased to 3.4% and 7.6% for the three and six months ended June 30, 2020, respectively, primarily due to a $5.5 million benefit related to the release of an uncertain tax position, and a $4.1 million capital loss benefit for an amount carried back to a year prior to the effective date of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act.
16.
Earnings Per Share

21
AFFILIATED MANAGERS GROUP, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (unaudited)


The calculation of Earnings (loss) per share (basic) is based on the weighted average number of shares of the Company’s common stock outstanding during the period. Earnings (loss) per share (diluted) is similar to Earnings (loss) per share (basic), but adjusts for the dilutive effect of the potential issuance of incremental shares of the Company’s common stock.
The following is a reconciliation of the numerator and denominator used in the calculation of basic and diluted earnings (loss) per share available to common stockholders:
 
For the Three Months Ended June 30,
 
For the Six Months Ended June 30,
 
2019
 
2020
 
2019
 
2020
Numerator
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net income (loss) (controlling interest)
$
107.7

 
$
30.7

 
$
(93.1
)
 
$
15.1

Interest expense on junior convertible securities, net of taxes
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

Net income (loss) (controlling interest), as adjusted
$
107.7

 
$
30.7

 
$
(93.1
)
 
$
15.1

Denominator
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Average shares outstanding (basic)
51.0

 
47.2

 
51.5

 
47.5

Effect of dilutive instruments:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Stock options and restricted stock units
0.0

 
0.1

 
—

 
0.1

Average shares outstanding (diluted)
51.0

 
47.3

 
51.5

 
47.6


Average shares outstanding (diluted) in the table above excludes stock options and restricted stock units that have not met certain performance conditions and items that have an anti-dilutive effect on Loss per share (diluted). The following is a summary of items excluded from the denominator in the table above:
 
For the Three Months Ended June 30,
 
For the Six Months Ended June 30,
 
2019
 
2020
 
2019
 
2020
Stock options and restricted stock units
0.6

 
3.2

 
0.5

 
3.2

Junior convertible securities
2.2

 
2.2

 
2.2

 
2.2


The Company may settle portions of its Affiliate equity purchases in shares of its common stock. Because it is the Company’s intention to settle these potential purchases in cash, the calculation of Average shares outstanding (diluted) excludes any potential dilutive effect from possible share settlements of Affiliate equity purchases.
For the three and six months ended June 30, 2020, the Company repurchased 0.6 million and 1.5 million shares, respectively, of its common stock, at an average price per share of $72.85 and $76.03, respectively.
17.
Comprehensive Income
The following tables present the tax effects allocated to each component of Other comprehensive income (loss):
 
For the Three Months Ended June 30,
 
2019
 
2020
 
Pre-Tax
 
Tax Benefit
 
Net of Tax
 
Pre-Tax
 
Tax Expense
 
Net of Tax
Foreign currency translation gain (loss)
$
12.1

 
$
(6.9
)
 
$
5.2

 
$
(23.9
)
 
$
0.7

 
$
(23.2
)
Change in net realized and unrealized loss on derivative financial instruments
(0.7
)
 
—

 
(0.7
)
 
(1.6
)
 
0.3

 
(1.3
)
Other comprehensive income (loss)
$
11.4

 
$
(6.9
)
 
$
4.5

 
$
(25.5
)
 
$
1.0

 
$
(24.5
)


22
AFFILIATED MANAGERS GROUP, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (unaudited)


 
For the Six Months Ended June 30,
 
2019
 
2020
 
Pre-Tax
 
Tax Expense
 
Net of Tax
 
Pre-Tax
 
Tax Benefit
(Expense)
 
Net of Tax
Foreign currency translation gain (loss)
$
6.6

 
$
6.1

 
$
12.7

 
$
(64.9
)
 
$
(11.2
)
 
$
(76.1
)
Change in net realized and unrealized gain (loss) on derivative securities
0.5

 
—

 
0.5

 
(2.8
)
 
0.5

 
(2.3
)
Other comprehensive income (loss)
$
7.1

 
$
6.1

 
$
13.2

 
$
(67.7
)
 
$
(10.7
)
 
$
(78.4
)
The components of accumulated other comprehensive loss, net of taxes, were as follows:
 
Foreign
Currency
Translation
Adjustment
 
Realized and
Unrealized Gains (Losses)
on Derivative Financial Instruments
 
Total
Balance, as of December 31, 2019
$
(177.1
)
 
$
1.2

 
$
(175.9
)
Other comprehensive loss before reclassifications
(76.1
)
 
(2.6
)
 
(78.7
)
Amounts reclassified
—

 
0.3

 
0.3

Net other comprehensive loss
(76.1
)
 
(2.3
)
 
(78.4
)
Balance, as of June 30, 2020
$
(253.2
)
 
$
(1.1
)
 
$
(254.3
)


23

Item 2.
Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
Forward-Looking Statements
Certain matters discussed in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, in our other filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission, in our press releases and in oral statements made with the approval of an executive officer may constitute “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995.  These statements include, but are not limited to, statements related to our expectations regarding the performance of our business, our financial results, our liquidity and capital resources, and other non-historical statements, and may be prefaced with words such as “outlook,” “guidance,” “believes,” “expects,” “potential,” “preliminary,” “continues,” “may,” “will,” “should,” “seeks,” “approximately,” “predicts,” “projects,” “positioned,” “prospects,” “intends,” “plans,” “estimates,” “pending investments,” “anticipates” or the negative version of these words or other comparable words. Such statements are subject to certain risks and uncertainties, including, among others, the factors discussed under the caption “Item 1A. Risk Factors” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019, and also under “Item 1A. Risk Factors” in our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the period ended March 31, 2020. These factors (among others) could affect our financial condition, business activities, results of operations, cash flows or overall financial performance and could cause our actual results and business activities to differ materially from historical periods and those presently anticipated and projected. Forward-looking statements speak only as of the date they are made, and we will not undertake and we specifically disclaim any obligation to release publicly the result of any revisions that may be made to any forward-looking statements to reflect events or circumstances after the date of such statements or to reflect the occurrence of events, whether or not anticipated. In that respect, we caution readers not to place undue reliance on any such forward-looking statements.
Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations should be read in conjunction with our Consolidated Financial Statements and the notes thereto contained elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.
Executive Overview
We are a global asset management company with equity investments in high-quality boutique investment management firms, which we call our “Affiliates.” Our strategy is to generate long-term value by investing in leading independent active investment managers, through a proven partnership approach, and allocating resources across our unique opportunity set to the areas of highest growth and return. Through our innovative partnership approach, each Affiliate’s management team retains significant equity ownership in their firm while maintaining operational autonomy. In addition, we offer centralized capabilities to our Affiliates across a variety of areas, including strategy, marketing and distribution, and product development. As of June 30, 2020, our aggregate assets under management were $638.4 billion, across a broad range of active, return-oriented strategies.
During the six months ended June 30, 2020, the pandemic caused by the novel coronavirus (“COVID-19”), had a significant impact on the global economy, which may continue for months to come. The overall extent and duration of COVID-19 on businesses and economic activity generally remains unclear. We and our Affiliates remain focused on the health and well-being of the individuals and families at AMG, our Affiliates, and the community at large. Given the nature of our decentralized operations and our entrepreneurial culture, we and our Affiliates remain fully operational and have experienced minimal disruption in continuing to serve our key stakeholders, most importantly our clients.  We continue to monitor the economic uncertainty related to COVID-19, and the extent of the impact on our business operations and financial results will depend on a number of factors and future developments, which are uncertain and cannot be predicted. 

Operating Performance Measures
Under accounting principles generally accepted in the U.S. (“GAAP”), we are required to consolidate certain of our Affiliates and use the equity method of accounting for others. Whether we consolidate an Affiliate or use the equity method of accounting, we maintain the same innovative partnership approach and provide support and assistance in substantially the same manner for all of our Affiliates. Furthermore, all of our Affiliates are boutique investment managers and are impacted by similar marketplace factors and industry trends. Therefore, our key aggregate operating performance measures are important in providing management with a more comprehensive view of the operating performance and material trends across our entire business.

24

The following table presents our key aggregate operating performance measures:
 
 
As of and for the Three Months Ended June 30,
 
 
 
As of and for the Six Months Ended June 30,
 
 
(in billions, except as noted)
 
2019
 
2020
 
% Change
 
2019
 
2020
 
% Change
Assets under management
 
$
772.2

 
$
638.4

 
(17
)%
 
$
772.2

 
$
638.4

 
(17
)%
Average assets under management
 
774.2

 
635.7

 
(18
)%
 
773.4

 
649.4

 
(16
)%
Aggregate fees (in millions)
 
1,163.1

 
960.9

 
(17
)%
 
2,415.1

 
2,214.0

 
(8
)%
As of and for the three and six months ended June 30, 2020, assets under management and average assets under management exclude the assets under management of certain Affiliates in which we have repositioned or are repositioning our interests. These Affiliates are not significant to our operating performance measures or our results of operations. Assets under management is presented on a current basis without regard to the timing of the inclusion of an Affiliate’s financial results in our operating performance measures and Consolidated Financial Statements. Average assets under management reflects the timing of the inclusion of an Affiliate’s financial results in our operating performance measures and Consolidated Financial Statements. Average assets under management for mutual funds and similar retail investment products represents an average of the daily net assets under management, while for institutional and high net worth clients, average assets under management represents an average of the assets at the beginning or end of each month during the applicable period.
For the three and six months ended June 30, 2019 and 2020, aggregate fees consists of the total asset and performance based fees earned by all of our consolidated and equity method Affiliates, and includes the aggregate fees of certain Affiliates in which we have repositioned or are repositioning our interests. These Affiliates are not significant to our operating performance measures or our results of operations. For certain of our Affiliates accounted for under the equity method, we report aggregate fees and the Affiliate’s financial results in our Consolidated Financial Statements one quarter in arrears. Aggregate fees is provided in addition to, but not as a substitute for, Consolidated revenue or other GAAP performance measures.
Assets Under Management
Through our Affiliates, we provide a comprehensive and diverse range of active, return-oriented strategies designed to assist institutional, retail and high net worth clients worldwide in achieving their investment objectives. We continue to see demand for active, return-oriented strategies, particularly in illiquid alternative and multi-asset and fixed income strategies, reflecting continued investor demand for returns that are less correlated to traditional equity markets, while we are experiencing outflows in quantitative strategies across alternative strategies and equities strategies. We believe the best performing active equity managers (whether global-, regional-, or country-specific) will continue to have significant opportunities to grow as a result of net client cash inflows. We believe we are well-positioned to benefit from these trends.

The outbreak of COVID-19 has created significant disruption in economic activity. The impact of the COVID-19 outbreak on our Affiliates and their clients’ demand for investment strategies is currently uncertain, and could result in changes in investor demand for our strategies in ways that cannot be predicted but could vary from recent trends. During the six months ended June 30, 2020, we experienced a decline in average assets under management and, therefore, asset based fees as a result of COVID-19. If financial markets were to worsen as a result of COVID-19 or other factors, the Company’s average assets under management and asset based fees could be adversely impacted.


25

The following charts present information regarding the composition of our assets under management by active, return-oriented strategy and client type as of June 30, 2020:
Assets Under Management (in billions)
q2aum724.jpg
___________________________

(1) 
Alternatives include illiquid alternative strategies, which accounted for 16% of our assets under management as of June 30, 2020.

(2) 
Global equities include emerging markets strategies, which accounted for 8% of our assets under management as of June 30, 2020.

The following tables present changes in our assets under management by active, return-oriented strategy and client type for the three months ended June 30, 2020:

By Strategy - Quarter to Date
(in billions)
Alternatives
 
Global Equities
 
U.S. Equities
 
Multi-Asset & Fixed Income
 
Total
March 31, 2020
$
226.1

 
$
204.3

 
$
72.5

 
$
97.0

 
$
599.9

    Client cash inflows and commitments
7.6

 
8.9

 
4.3

 
5.2

 
26.0

    Client cash outflows
(14.9
)
 
(17.7
)
 
(6.8
)
 
(4.8
)
 
(44.2
)
        Net client cash flows
(7.3
)
 
(8.8
)
 
(2.5
)
 
0.4

 
(18.2
)
    Market changes
2.4

 
33.2

 
14.7

 
6.8

 
57.1

    Foreign exchange(1)
—

 
0.8

 
0.1

 
0.4

 
1.3

    Realizations and distributions (net)
(0.5
)
 
(0.1
)
 
—

 
—

 
(0.6
)
    Other(2)
(0.2
)
 
(0.2
)
 
(0.8
)
 
0.1

 
(1.1
)
June 30, 2020
$
220.5

 
$
229.2

 
$
84.0

 
$
104.7

 
$
638.4
















26

By Client Type - Quarter to Date
(in billions)
Institutional
 
Retail
 
High Net Worth
 
Total
March 31, 2020
$
347.8

 
$
149.9

 
$
102.2

 
$
599.9

    Client cash inflows and commitments
10.7

 
10.7

 
4.6

 
26.0

    Client cash outflows
(21.5
)
 
(17.9
)
 
(4.8
)
 
(44.2
)
        Net client cash flows
(10.8
)
 
(7.2
)
 
(0.2
)
 
(18.2
)
    Market changes
28.1

 
19.4

 
9.6

 
57.1

    Foreign exchange(1)
0.8

 
0.2

 
0.3

 
1.3

    Realizations and distributions (net)
(0.5
)
 
(0.1
)
 
—

 
(0.6
)
    Other(2)
(0.5
)
 
(0.4
)
 
(0.2
)
 
(1.1
)
June 30, 2020
$
364.9

 
$
161.8

 
$
111.7

 
$
638.4


By Strategy - Year to Date
 
Alternatives
 
Global Equities
 
U.S. Equities
 
Multi-Asset & Fixed Income
 
Total
December 31, 2019
$
241.2

 
$
274.9

 
$
100.0

 
$
106.4

 
$
722.5

    Client cash inflows and commitments
16.3

 
17.3

 
7.7

 
10.8

 
52.1

    Client cash outflows
(26.0
)
 
(32.9
)
 
(14.5
)
 
(10.7
)
 
(84.1
)
        Net client cash flows
(9.7
)
 
(15.6
)
 
(6.8
)
 
0.1

 
(32.0
)
    New investments
3.7

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
3.7

    Market changes
(10.8
)
 
(24.6
)
 
(7.8
)
 
(0.6
)
 
(43.8
)
    Foreign exchange(1)
(3.1
)
 
(5.1
)
 
(0.4
)
 
(1.3
)
 
(9.9
)
    Realizations and distributions (net)
(0.7
)
 
(0.1
)
 
—

 
(0.1
)
 
(0.9
)
    Other(2)
(0.1
)
 
(0.3
)
 
(1.0
)
 
0.2

 
(1.2
)
June 30, 2020
$
220.5

 
$
229.2

 
$
84.0

 
$
104.7

 
$
638.4


By Client Type - Year to Date
 
Institutional
 
Retail
 
High Net Worth
 
Total
December 31, 2019
$
407.2

 
$
198.1

 
$
117.2

 
$
722.5

    Client cash inflows and commitments
21.4

 
21.4

 
9.3

 
52.1

    Client cash outflows
(37.8
)
 
(36.0
)
 
(10.3
)
 
(84.1
)
        Net client cash flows
(16.4
)
 
(14.6
)
 
(1.0
)
 
(32.0
)
    New investments
3.7

 
—

 
—

 
3.7

    Market changes
(23.3
)
 
(16.8
)
 
(3.7
)
 
(43.8
)
    Foreign exchange(1)
(5.1
)
 
(4.3
)
 
(0.5
)
 
(9.9
)
    Realizations and distributions (net)
(0.7
)
 
(0.1
)
 
(0.1
)
 
(0.9
)
    Other(2)
(0.5
)
 
(0.5
)
 
(0.2
)
 
(1.2
)
June 30, 2020
$
364.9

 
$
161.8

 
$
111.7

 
$
638.4

___________________________

(1) 
Foreign exchange reflects the impact of translating into U.S. dollars the assets under management of our Affiliates whose functional currency is not the U.S. dollar.

(2) 
Other includes assets under management attributable to product transitions and reclassifications.

Aggregate Fees

27


Aggregate fees consists of asset and performance based fees. Asset based fees include advisory and other fees earned by our Affiliates for services provided to their clients and are typically determined as a percentage of the value of a client’s assets under management. Performance based fees are based on investment performance, typically on an absolute basis or relative to a benchmark, and are recognized when they are earned (i.e., when they become billable to customers and are not subject to claw-back). Performance based fees are generally billed less frequently than asset based fees, and although performance based fees inherently depend on investment performance and will vary from period to period, we anticipate performance based fees will be a recurring component of our aggregate fees.

Aggregate fees is generally determined by the level of our average assets under management, the composition of these assets across our active, return-oriented strategies that realize different asset based fee ratios, and performance based fees. Our asset based fee ratio is calculated as asset based fees divided by average assets under management.

Aggregate fees were $960.9 million for the three months ended June 30, 2020, a decrease of $202.2 million or 17% as compared to the three months ended June 30, 2019. The decrease in our aggregate fees was due to a $191.9 million or 16% decrease from asset based fees and a $10.3 million or 1% decrease from performance based fees.  The decrease in asset based fees was due to a decrease in our average assets under management, principally in our alternative strategies and global equity strategies due to net client cash outflows, and a change in the composition of our assets under management.

Aggregate fees were $2,214.0 million for the six months ended June 30, 2020, a decrease of $201.1 million or 8% as compared to the six months ended June 30, 2019. The decrease in our aggregate fees was due to a $298.4 million or 12% decrease from asset based fees, offset by a $97.3 million or 4% increase from performance based fees.  The decrease in asset based fees was due to a decrease in our average assets under management, principally in our alternative strategies and global equity strategies due to net client cash outflows, and a change in the composition of our assets under management.

Financial and Supplemental Financial Performance Measures

The following table presents our key financial and supplemental financial performance measures:
 
 
For the Three Months Ended June 30,
 
 
 
For the Six Months Ended June 30,
 
 
(in millions)
 
2019
 
2020
 
% Change
 
2019
 
2020
 
% Change
Net income (loss) (controlling interest)
 
$
107.7

 
$
30.7

 
(71
)%
 
$
(93.1
)
 
$
15.1

 
N.M.(2)

Adjusted EBITDA (controlling interest)(1)
 
219.3

 
162.1

 
(26
)%
 
434.8

 
362.4

 
(17
)%
Economic net income (controlling interest)(1)
 
170.1

 
129.6

 
(24
)%
 
339.1

 
280.9

 
(17
)%
___________________________

(1)
Adjusted EBITDA (controlling interest) and Economic net income (controlling interest) are non-GAAP performance measures and are discussed in “Supplemental Financial Performance Measures.”

(2)
Percentage change is not meaningful.
Adjusted EBITDA (controlling interest) is an important supplemental financial performance measure for management as it provides a comprehensive view of our share of the financial performance of our business. While aggregate fees decreased $202.2 million or 17% in the three months ended June 30, 2020, our Adjusted EBITDA (controlling interest) decreased $57.2 million or 26%. Adjusted EBITDA (controlling interest) decreased more than aggregate fees on a percentage basis due to a decline in earnings at certain Affiliates in which we share in revenue less agreed-upon expenses and the recognition of performance based fees at Affiliates in which we hold less of an economic interest. The decrease was also due to a $12.3 million increase in share-based compensation primarily due to an event that accelerated certain share-based compensation.
While aggregate fees decreased $201.1 million or 8% in the six months ended June 30, 2020, our Adjusted EBITDA (controlling interest) decreased $72.4 million or 17%. Adjusted EBITDA (controlling interest) decreased more than aggregate fees on a percentage basis due to a decline in earnings at certain Affiliates in which we share in revenue less agreed-upon expenses and the recognition of performance based fees at Affiliates in which we hold less of an economic interest. The decrease was also due to an $11.7 million increase in share-based compensation primarily due to an event that accelerated certain share-based compensation.
While Adjusted EBITDA (controlling interest) decreased $57.2 million or 26%, for the three months ended June 30, 2020, our Net income (controlling interest) decreased $77.0 million or 71%. The decline in Net income (controlling interest) was

28


greater than the decline in Adjusted EBITDA (controlling interest) primarily due to a $33.0 million increase in Intangible amortization and impairments attributable to the controlling interest and a $22.6 million increase in Investment and other expense attributable to the controlling interest.  These decreases were partially offset by a $32.3 million reduction in Income tax expense attributable to the controlling interest.
While Adjusted EBITDA (controlling interest) decreased $72.4 million or 17%, for the six months ended June 30, 2020, our Net income (controlling interest) increased $108.2 million. The increase in Net income (controlling interest) was primarily due to a $260.9 million decrease in equity method intangible amortization and impairments.  This increase was partially offset by a $27.8 million increase in Intangible amortization and impairments attributable to the controlling interest, and a $32.7 million increase in Income tax expense attributable to the controlling interest.
We believe Economic net income (controlling interest) is an important supplemental financial performance measure because it represents our performance before non-cash expenses relating to the acquisition of interests in Affiliates and improves comparability of performance between periods. In the three months ended June 30, 2020, our Economic net income (controlling interest) decreased $40.5 million or 24%. This decrease was primarily due to a $57.2 million decrease in Adjusted EBITDA (controlling interest), partially offset by a $22.6 million decrease in current and other deferred taxes.
In the six months ended June 30, 2020, our Economic net income (controlling interest) decreased $58.2 million or 17%. This decrease was primarily due to a $72.4 million decrease in Adjusted EBITDA (controlling interest), partially offset by a $20.3 million decrease in current and other deferred taxes.
Results of Operations
The following discussion includes the key operating performance measures and financial results of our consolidated and equity method Affiliates. Our consolidated Affiliates’ financial results are included in our Consolidated revenue, Consolidated expenses, and Investment and other income (expense), and our share of our equity method Affiliates’ financial results is reported, net of intangible amortization and impairments, in Equity method income (loss) (net).
Consolidated Revenue
The following table presents our consolidated Affiliate average assets under management and Consolidated revenue:
 
For the Three Months Ended June 30,
 
 
 
For the Six Months Ended June 30,
 
 
(in millions, except as noted)
2019
 
2020
 
% Change
 
2019
 
2020
 
% Change
Consolidated Affiliate average assets under management (in billions)
$
407.5

 
$
339.8

 
(17
)%
 
$
403.3

 
$
345.9

 
(14
)%
Consolidated revenue
$
591.9

 
$
471.1

 
(20
)%
 
$
1,135.1

 
$
978.3

 
(14
)%
Our Consolidated revenue decreased $120.8 million or 20% for the three months ended June 30, 2020, due to an $84.4 million or 14% decrease from asset based fees and a $36.4 million or 6% decrease from performance based fees.  The decrease in asset based fees was due to a decrease in consolidated Affiliate average assets under management, principally in our alternative strategies and equities strategies due to net client cash outflows, and a change in the composition of our assets under management.

Our Consolidated revenue decreased $156.8 million or 14% for the six months ended June 30, 2020, due to a $121.5 million or 11% decrease from asset based fees and a $35.3 million or 3% decrease from performance based fees. The decrease in asset based fees was due to a decrease in consolidated Affiliate average assets under management, principally in our alternative strategies and equities strategies due to net client cash outflows, and a change in the composition of our assets under management.

Consolidated Expenses
Our Consolidated expenses are primarily attributable to the non-controlling interests of our consolidated Affiliates in which we share in revenue without regard to expenses. For these Affiliates, the amount of expenses attributable to the non-controlling interests, including compensation, is generally determined by the percentage of revenue allocated to expenses as part of the structured partnership interests in place at the respective Affiliate. Accordingly, increases in revenue generally will increase a consolidated Affiliate’s expenses attributable to the non-controlling interests and decreases in revenue will generally decrease a consolidated Affiliate’s expenses attributable to the non-controlling interests.
The following table presents our Consolidated expenses:

29

 
For the Three Months Ended June 30,
 
 
 
For the Six Months Ended June 30,
 
 
 
% Change
 
% Change
(in millions)
2019
 
2020
 
 
2019
 
2020
 
Compensation and related expenses
$
258.0

 
$
216.5

 
(16
)%
 
$
486.2

 
$
424.4

 
(13
)%
Selling, general and administrative
96.2

 
73.6

 
(23
)%
 
191.8

 
163.8

 
(15
)%
Intangible amortization and impairments
21.2

 
80.9

 
N.M.(1)

 
50.9

 
101.5

 
99
 %
Interest expense
19.7

 
22.3

 
13
 %
 
37.9

 
41.8

 
10
 %
Depreciation and other amortization
5.3

 
5.0

 
(6
)%
 
10.6

 
10.1

 
(5
)%
Other expenses (net)
12.2

 
11.3

 
(7
)%
 
23.0

 
22.3

 
(3
)%
Total consolidated expenses
$
412.6

 
$
409.6

 
(1
)%
 
$
800.4

 
$
763.9

 
(5
)%
___________________________

(1)
Percentage change is not meaningful.

Compensation and related expenses decreased $41.5 million or 16% for the three months ended June 30, 2020, primarily due to a $50.7 million decrease in bonus and salary expenses, principally as a result of the decline in Consolidated revenue and headcount repositioning in 2019. This decrease was partially offset by a $12.3 million increase in share-based compensation primarily due to an event that accelerated certain share-based compensation.

Compensation and related expenses decreased $61.8 million or 13% for the six months ended June 30, 2020, primarily due to a $75.6 million decrease in bonus and salary expenses, principally as a result of the decline in Consolidated revenue and headcount repositioning in 2019. This decrease was partially offset by an $11.7 million increase in share-based compensation primarily due to an event that accelerated certain share-based compensation, and a $3.8 million increase in Affiliate equity compensation expense.
Selling, general and administrative expenses decreased $22.6 million or 23% for the three months ended June 30, 2020, primarily due to a $6.3 million decrease from sub-advisory and distribution expenses related to a decrease in consolidated Affiliate average assets under management, a $5.4 million decrease in travel-related expenses, a $3.8 million decrease in renewal commissions, and a $3.5 million decrease in professional fees.
Selling, general and administrative expenses decreased $28.0 million or 15% for the six months ended June 30, 2020, primarily due to a $10.8 million decrease from sub-advisory and distribution expenses related to a decrease in consolidated Affiliate average assets under management, a $7.5 million decrease in renewal commissions, a $6.8 million decrease in travel-related expenses, and a $3.8 million decrease in professional fees. These decreases were partially offset by a $4.4 million increase in reserves on notes receivable.
Intangible amortization and impairments increased $59.7 million for the three months ended June 30, 2020, primarily due to a $60.3 million expense to reduce the carrying value of certain acquired client relationships at one of our Affiliates to zero. See Note 9 of our Consolidated Financial Statements.
Intangible amortization and impairments increased $50.6 million or 99% for the six months ended June 30, 2020, primarily due to a $60.3 million expense to reduce the carrying value of certain acquired client relationships at one of our Affiliates to zero. See Note 9 of our Consolidated Financial Statements. This increase was partially offset by an $8.4 million reduction in amortization expense related to a decrease in actual and expected client attrition for certain definite-lived acquired client relationships.
Interest expense increased $2.6 million or 13% for the three months ended June 30, 2020, primarily due to a $3.5 million increase due to the termination of our pound sterling-denominated forward foreign currency contracts in March 2020. This increase was partially offset by a $2.2 million decrease from lower interest rates on our senior unsecured term loan facility (the “term loan”).
Interest expense increased $3.9 million or 10% for the six months ended June 30, 2020, primarily due to a $4.3 million increase from our junior subordinated notes issued in March 2019 and a $4.1 million increase due to the termination of our pound sterling-denominated forward foreign currency contracts in March 2020. These increases were partially offset by a $3.2 million decrease from lower interest rates on our term loan and a $1.8 million decrease due to lower borrowings and interest rates on our senior unsecured multicurrency revolving credit facility (the “revolver”).

30

There were no significant changes in Depreciation and other amortization or Other expenses (net) for the three and six months ended June 30, 2020.
Equity Method Income (Loss) (Net)
For a majority of our Affiliates accounted for under the equity method, we use structured partnership interests in which we contractually share in the Affiliate’s revenue less agreed-upon expenses. We also use structured partnership interests in which we contractually share in the Affiliate’s revenue without regard to expenses. Our share of earnings or losses from Affiliates accounted for under the equity method, net of amortization and impairments, is included in Equity method income (loss) (net).
The following table presents equity method Affiliate average assets under management and equity method revenue, as well as equity method earnings and equity method intangible amortization and impairments, which in aggregate form Equity method income (loss) (net):
 
For the Three Months Ended June 30,
 
 
 
For the Six Months Ended June 30,
 
 
(in millions, except as noted)
2019
 
2020
 
% Change
 
2019
 
2020
 
% Change
Operating Performance Measures
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Equity method Affiliate average assets under management (in billions)
$
366.7

 
$
295.9

 
(19
)%
 
$
370.1

 
$
303.5

 
(18
)%
Equity method revenue
$
571.2

 
$
489.8

 
(14
)%
 
$
1,280.0

 
$
1,235.7

 
(3
)%
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Financial Performance Measures
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Equity method earnings
$
68.3

 
$
54.3

 
(20
)%
 
$
148.3

 
$
120.4

 
(19
)%
Equity method intangible amortization and impairments
(38.9
)
 
(36.9
)
 
(5
)%
 
(477.1
)
 
(216.2
)
 
(55
)%
Equity method income (loss) (net)
$
29.4

 
$
17.4

 
(41
)%
 
$
(328.8
)
 
$
(95.8
)
 
(71
)%
Our equity method revenue decreased $81.4 million or 14% for the three months ended June 30, 2020, due to a $107.5 million or 19% decrease from asset based fees, offset by a $26.1 million or 5% increase from performance based fees.  The decrease in asset based fees was primarily due to a decrease in equity method Affiliate average assets under management, principally in our alternative strategies and global equity strategies due to net client cash outflows.
While equity method revenue decreased $81.4 million or 14% for the three months ended June 30, 2020, equity method earnings decreased $14.0 million or 20%. Equity method earnings decreased more than equity method revenue on a percentage basis due to a decline in earnings at certain Affiliates in which we share in revenue less agreed-upon expenses.
There was no significant change in equity method intangible amortization and impairments for the three months ended June 30, 2020.
Our equity method revenue decreased $44.3 million or 3% for the six months ended June 30, 2020, due to a $177.0 million or 14% decrease from asset based fees, partially offset by a $132.7 million or 11% increase from performance based fees.  The decrease in asset based fees was primarily due to a decrease in equity method Affiliate average assets under management, principally in our alternative strategies and global equity strategies due to net client cash outflows.
While equity method revenue decreased $44.3 million or 3% for the six months ended June 30, 2020, equity method earnings decreased $27.9 million or 19%. Equity method earnings decreased more than equity method revenue on a percentage basis due to a decline in earnings at certain Affiliates in which we share in revenue less agreed-upon expenses.
Equity method intangible amortization and impairments decreased $260.9 million or 55% for the six months ended June 30, 2020, primarily due to a $275.0 million decrease in expenses to reduce the carrying value to fair value of certain Affiliates. See Note 10 of our Consolidated Financial Statements. This decrease was partially offset by a $15.5 million increase in amortization expense due to an increase in actual and expected client attrition for certain definite-lived acquired client relationships.
Investment and Other Income (Expense)

31

The following table presents our Investment and other income (expense):
 
For the Three Months Ended June 30,
 
 
 
For the Six Months Ended June 30,
 
 
(in millions)
2019
 
2020
 
% Change
 
2019
 
2020
 
% Change
Investment and other income (expense)
$
7.2

 
$
(12.1
)
 
N.M.(1)
 
$
15.2

 
$
(9.7
)
 
N.M.(1)
___________________________
(1)
Percentage change is not meaningful.

Investment and other expense increased $19.3 million for the three months ended June 30, 2020, primarily due to a $19.1 million increase in net unrealized losses on Investments in marketable securities and Other investments.

Investment and other expense increased $24.9 million for the six months ended June 30, 2020, primarily due to a $24.4 million increase in net unrealized losses on Other investments.
Income Tax Expense (Benefit)
The following table presents our Income tax expense (benefit):
 
For the Three Months Ended June 30,
 
 
 
For the Six Months Ended June 30,
 
 
(in millions)
2019
 
2020
 
% Change
 
2019
 
2020
 
% Change
Income tax expense (benefit)
$
35.7

 
$
3.3

 
(91
)%
 
$
(26.1
)
 
$
5.5

 
N.M.(1)
__________________________
(1) 
Percentage change is not meaningful.
Income tax expense decreased $32.4 million or 91% for the three months ended June 30, 2020, primarily due to a decrease in Income before income taxes attributable to the controlling interest, a $5.5 million benefit related to the release of an uncertain tax position, and a $4.1 million capital loss benefit for an amount carried back a year prior to the effective date of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act.
 
Income tax expense increased $31.6 million for the six months ended June 30, 2020, primarily due to an increase in Income before income taxes attributable to the controlling interest, partially offset by a $5.5 million benefit related to the release of an uncertain tax position, and a $4.1 million capital loss benefit for an amount carried back a year prior to the effective date of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act.
Net Income (Loss)
The following table presents Net income, Net income (non-controlling interests) and Net income (loss) (controlling interest):
 
For the Three Months Ended June 30,
 
 
 
For the Six Months Ended June 30,
 
 
(in millions)
2019
 
2020
 
% Change
 
2019
 
2020
 
% Change
Net income
$
180.2

 
$
63.5

 
(65
)%
 
$
47.2

 
$
103.4

 
N.M.(1)

Net income (non-controlling interests)
72.5

 
32.8

 
(55
)%
 
140.3

 
88.3

 
(37
)%
Net income (loss) (controlling interest)
107.7

 
30.7

 
(71
)%
 
(93.1
)
 
15.1

 
N.M.(1)

__________________________
(1) 
Percentage change is not meaningful.
Net income (controlling interest) decreased $77.0 million or 71% for the three months ended June 30, 2020, primarily due to a $33.0 million increase in Intangible amortization and impairments attributable to the controlling interest, a $22.6 million increase in Investment and other expense attributable to the controlling interest, and a $12.0 million decrease in Equity method income (net). These decreases to Net income (controlling interest) were partially offset by a $32.3 million decrease in Income tax expense attributable to the controlling interest.

Net income (controlling interest) increased $108.2 million for the six months ended June 30, 2020, primarily due to a $233.0 million decrease in Equity method loss partially offset by a $32.7 million increase in Income tax expense attributable to

32

the controlling interest, a $27.8 million increase in Intangible amortization and impairments attributable to the controlling interest, and a $16.8 million increase to Investment and other expense attributable to the controlling interest.
Supplemental Financial Performance Measures
Adjusted EBITDA (controlling interest)
As supplemental information, we provide a non-GAAP measure that we refer to as Adjusted EBITDA (controlling interest). Adjusted EBITDA (controlling interest) is an important supplemental financial performance measure for management as it provides a comprehensive view of our share of the financial performance of our business before interest, taxes, depreciation, amortization, impairments, certain Affiliate equity expenses, gains and losses on general partner and seed capital investments, and adjustments to our contingent payment arrangements. We believe that many investors use this measure when assessing the financial performance of companies in the investment management industry. This non-GAAP performance measure is provided in addition to, but not as a substitute for, Net income (loss) (controlling interest) or other GAAP performance measures.
The following table presents a reconciliation of Net income (loss) (controlling interest) to Adjusted EBITDA (controlling interest):
 
For the Three Months Ended June 30,
 
For the Six Months Ended June 30,
(in millions)
2019
 
2020
 
2019
 
2020
Net income (loss) (controlling interest)
$
107.7

 
$
30.7

 
$
(93.1
)
 
$
15.1

Interest expense
19.7

 
22.3

 
37.9

 
41.8

Income taxes
33.4

 
1.1

 
(31.5
)
 
1.2

Intangible amortization and impairments(1)
55.3

 
86.3

 
515.1

 
282.0

Other items(2)
3.2

 
21.7

 
6.4

 
22.3

Adjusted EBITDA (controlling interest)
$
219.3

 
$
162.1

 
$
434.8

 
$
362.4

___________________________
(1) 
Intangible amortization and impairments in our Consolidated Statement of Income includes amortization attributable to our non-controlling interests. For our Affiliates accounted for under the equity method, we do not separately report intangible amortization and impairments in our Consolidated Statements of Income. Our share of these Affiliates’ amortization is reported in Equity method income (loss) (net).
The following table presents the Intangible amortization and impairments shown above:
 
For the Three Months Ended June 30,
 
For the Six Months Ended June 30,
(in millions)
2019
 
2020
 
2019
 
2020
Consolidated intangible amortization and impairments
$
21.2

 
$
80.9

 
$
50.9

 
$
101.5

Consolidated intangible amortization and impairments (non-controlling interests)
(4.8
)
 
(31.5
)
 
(12.9
)
 
(35.7
)
Equity method intangible amortization and impairments
38.9

 
36.9

 
477.1

 
216.2

Total
$
55.3

 
$
86.3

 
$
515.1

 
$
282.0

(2) 
Other items includes depreciation and adjustments to contingent payment arrangements. Beginning with the first quarter of 2020, other items also includes certain Affiliate equity expenses and gains and losses on general partner and seed capital investments. These changes were made to improve the comparability of performance between periods. Prior periods have not been revised as the amounts were not significant.
Economic Net Income (controlling interest) and Economic Earnings Per Share
As supplemental information, we also provide non-GAAP performance measures that we refer to as Economic net income (controlling interest) and Economic earnings per share. We believe Economic net income (controlling interest) and Economic earnings per share are important measures because they represent our performance before non-cash expenses relating to the acquisition of interests in Affiliates and improve comparability of performance between periods. Economic net income (controlling interest) and Economic earnings per share are used by our management and Board of Directors as our principal performance benchmarks, including as one of the measures for aligning executive compensation with stockholder value. These

33

non-GAAP performance measures are provided in addition to, but not as substitutes for, Net income (loss) (controlling interest) and Earnings per share (diluted) or other GAAP performance measures.
We adjust Net income (loss) (controlling interest) to calculate Economic net income (controlling interest) by adding back our share of pre-tax intangible amortization and impairments attributable to intangible assets (including the portion attributable to equity method investments in Affiliates) because these expenses do not correspond to the changes in the value of these assets, which do not diminish predictably over time. We also add back the deferred taxes attributable to intangible assets because we believe it is unlikely these accruals will be used to settle material tax obligations. Further, we add back other economic items to improve comparability of performance between periods.

Economic earnings per share represents Economic net income (controlling interest) divided by the Average shares
outstanding (adjusted diluted). In this calculation, the potential share issuance in connection with our junior convertible securities is measured using a “treasury stock” method. Under this method, only the net number of shares of common stock equal to the value of these junior convertible securities in excess of par, if any, is deemed to be outstanding. We believe the inclusion of net shares under a treasury stock method best reflects the benefit of the increase in available capital resources (which could be used to repurchase shares of common stock) that occurs when these securities are converted and we are relieved of our debt obligation. This method does not take into account any increase or decrease in our cost of capital in an assumed conversion.
The following table presents a reconciliation of Net income (loss) (controlling interest) to Economic net income (controlling interest) and Economic earnings per share:
 
For the Three Months Ended June 30,
 
For the Six Months Ended June 30,
(in millions, except per share data)
2019
 
2020
 
2019
 
2020
Net income (loss) (controlling interest)
$
107.7

 
$
30.7

 
$
(93.1
)
 
$
15.1

Intangible amortization and impairments(1)
55.3

 
86.3

 
515.1

 
282.0

Intangible-related deferred taxes
6.6

 
(3.1
)
 
(87.1
)
 
(34.1
)
Other economic items(2)
0.5

 
15.7

 
4.2

 
17.9

Economic net income (controlling interest)
$
170.1

 
$
129.6

 
$
339.1

 
$
280.9

Average shares outstanding (diluted)
51.0

 
47.3

 
51.5

 
47.6

Stock options and restricted stock units
—

 
—

 
0.0

 
—

Average shares outstanding (adjusted diluted)
51.0

 
47.3

 
51.5

 
47.6

Economic earnings per share
$
3.33

 
$
2.74

 
$
6.59

 
$
5.90

___________________________
(1) 
See note (1) to the table in “Adjusted EBITDA (controlling interest).”
(2) 
Other economic items includes non-cash imputed interest (principally related to the accounting for convertible securities and contingent payment arrangements), tax windfalls and shortfalls from share-based compensation and certain Affiliate equity expenses. Beginning with the first quarter of 2020, other economic items also includes gains and losses on general partner and seed capital investments. These changes were made to improve the comparability of performance between periods. Prior periods have not been revised as the amounts were not significant. For the three and six months ended June 30, 2019 and 2020, other economic items were net of income tax expense (benefit) of $0.1 million and $0.3 million, respectively, and $(4.3) million and $(3.2) million, respectively.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
We generate long-term value by investing in new Affiliates, investing in existing Affiliates, and investing in centralized capabilities through which we can leverage our scale and resources to benefit our Affiliates and enhance their long-term growth prospects. We then return capital to shareholders through share repurchases and the payment of cash dividends on our common stock while maintaining a conservative capital structure consistent with an investment grade rating.

Cash and cash equivalents were $681.6 million as of June 30, 2020 and were attributable to both the controlling and non-controlling interests. For the six months ended June 30, 2020, we met our cash requirements primarily through cash generated by operating activities. Our principal uses of cash during the quarter were for repayment of debt, investments in existing Affiliates primarily through repurchases of Affiliate equity interests, the return of capital through share repurchases and the payment of cash dividends on our common stock, and distributions to non-controlling interests. We expect the primary uses of capital for the foreseeable future to be for investments in new Affiliates, investments in existing Affiliates through repurchases

34


of Affiliate equity interests, the return of capital through share repurchases, distributions to non-controlling interests and the repayment of debt.

We anticipate that cash flows from operations, together with borrowings under our revolver, will be sufficient to support our cash flow needs. In addition, we may draw funding from the debt and equity capital markets, and our credit ratings, among other factors, allow us to access these sources of funding on favorable terms. We are currently rated A3 by Moody’s Investors Service and BBB+ by S&P Global Ratings.

The following table presents operating, investing and financing cash flow activities:
 
For the Six Months Ended June 30,
(in millions)
2019
 
2020
Operating cash flow
$
309.2

 
$
375.4

Investing cash flow
(43.0
)
 
3.1

Financing cash flow
(470.4
)
 
(226.3
)
Operating Cash Flow
Operating cash flows are calculated by adjusting Net income for other significant sources and uses of cash, significant non-cash items, and timing differences in the cash settlement of assets and liabilities. 

For the six months ended June 30, 2020, Cash flows from operating activities were $375.4 million, primarily from Net income of $103.4 million, adjusted for Distributions of earnings received from equity method investments of $160.2 million, Equity method loss (net) of $95.8 million, non-cash expenses for Intangible amortization and impairments of $101.5 million, and Share-based compensation and Affiliate equity expense of $57.5 million.  These items were partially offset by timing differences in the cash settlement of assets and liabilities of $155.4 million, primarily due to the payment of incentive compensation. For the six months ended June 30, 2020, operating cash flows were primarily attributable to the controlling interest.
Investing Cash Flow
For the six months ended June 30, 2020, Cash flows from investing activities were $3.1 million, principally due to the sale of investment securities, net of purchases of $10.0 million, partially offset by purchases of fixed assets of $4.5 million. These activities were primarily attributable to the controlling interest.
Financing Cash Flow
For the six months ended June 30, 2020, Cash flows used in financing activities were $226.3 million, primarily due to $171.7 million of distributions to non-controlling interests, $143.5 million of Affiliate equity repurchases, net of issuances, the return of $129.1 million of capital to shareholders through share repurchases and dividends on our common stock, and a $100.0 million paydown of our term loan. Cash flows used in financing activities was partially offset by the receipt of $349.8 million of proceeds from the issuance of senior notes. These activities were primarily attributable to the controlling interest.
Affiliate Equity
We periodically repurchase Affiliate equity from and issue Affiliate equity to our consolidated Affiliate partners and our officers, under agreements that provide us with a conditional right to call and Affiliate equity holders with a conditional right to put their Affiliate equity interests to us at certain intervals. For Affiliates accounted for under the equity method, we do not typically have such put and call arrangements. The purchase price of these conditional purchases is generally calculated based upon a multiple of the Affiliate’s cash flow distributions, which is intended to represent fair value. Affiliate equity holders are also permitted to sell their equity interests to other individuals or entities in certain cases, subject to our approval or other restrictions.
As of June 30, 2020, our current redemption value of $682.1 million for these interests (including $20.7 million of consolidated Affiliate sponsored investment products primarily attributable to third-party investors) has been presented as Redeemable non-controlling interests. Although the timing and amounts of these purchases are difficult to predict, we paid $143.5 million for Affiliate equity repurchases, net of issuances during the six months ended June 30, 2020, and we expect net repurchases of approximately $110 million of Affiliate equity during the remainder of 2020. In the event of a repurchase, we

35


become the owner of the cash flow associated with the repurchased equity. See Notes 13 and 14 of our Consolidated Financial Statements.
Share Repurchases
Our Board of Directors authorized share repurchase programs in October 2019 and January 2019 to repurchase up to 6.0 million and 3.3 million shares of our common stock, respectively, and these authorizations have no expiry. Purchases may be made from time to time, at management’s discretion, in the open market or in privately negotiated transactions, including through the use of derivative financial instruments and accelerated share repurchase programs. During the three and six months ended June 30, 2020, we repurchased 0.6 million and 1.5 million shares, respectively, of our common stock, at an average price per share of $72.85 and $76.03, respectively. As of June 30, 2020, we had repurchased all of the shares of the January 2019 authorized amount, and there were a total of 5.4 million shares available for repurchase under our October 2019 share repurchase program.
Debt
The following table presents the carrying value of our outstanding indebtedness. See Note 5 of our Consolidated Financial Statements:
(in millions)
December 31, 2019
 
June 30,
2020
Senior bank debt
$
450.0

 
$
350.0

Senior notes
746.8

 
1,097.0

Junior convertible securities
315.4

 
316.9

Junior subordinated notes
290.7

 
290.7

The carrying value of our debt differs from the amount reported in the notes to our Consolidated Financial Statements, as the carrying value of our debt in the table above is not reduced for debt issuance costs.
Senior Bank Debt
We have a $1.25 billion revolver and a $350.0 million term loan (together, the “credit facilities”). The revolver matures on January 18, 2024, and the term loan matures on January 18, 2023. Subject to certain conditions, we may increase the commitments under the revolver by up to an additional $500.0 million and may borrow up to an additional $75.0 million under the term loan.

As of June 30, 2020, we had no outstanding borrowings under the revolver, and could borrow all capacity and remain in compliance with our credit facilities.
Senior Notes
On June 5, 2020, we issued $350.0 million aggregate principal amount of 3.3% senior unsecured notes due June 15, 2030 (the “2030 senior notes”). The 2030 senior notes pay interest semi-annually and may be redeemed at any time, in whole or in part, at a make-whole redemption price plus accrued and unpaid interest. In addition to customary event of default provisions, the indenture governing the 2030 senior notes limits our ability to consolidate, merge or sell all or substantially all of our assets and requires us to make an offer to repurchase the 2030 senior notes upon certain change of control triggering events.
We used $250.0 million of the net proceeds from the 2030 senior notes to repay all of the outstanding indebtedness under our revolver, and $100.0 million of the remaining net proceeds to repay a portion of the outstanding indebtedness under the term loan.
Equity Distribution Program

We have equity distribution and forward equity agreements with several major securities firms under which we may, from time to time, issue and sell shares of our common stock (immediately or on a forward basis) having an aggregate sales price of up to $500.0 million (the “equity distribution program”). As of June 30, 2020, no sales had occurred under the equity distribution program.
Derivatives

36

In the first quarter of 2020, we entered into an interest rate swap contract (the “interest rate swap”) with a financial institution, which will expire in March 2023. The interest rate swap, which is designated as a cash flow hedge, is used to exchange our LIBOR-based interest payments for fixed rate payments. Under the contract, we receive payments based on one month LIBOR and make payments based on an annual fixed rate of 0.5135% on a notional amount of $250.0 million.

In the first quarter of 2020, we terminated our forward contracts and corresponding collar contracts entered into in 2018, and we received net proceeds of $24.9 million upon settlement. See Note 6 of our Consolidated Financial Statements.
Commitments
See Note 7 of our Consolidated Financial Statements.
Contractual Obligations
The following table summarizes our contractual obligations as of June 30, 2020. Contractual debt obligations include the cash payment of fixed interest.
 
 
 
Payments Due
(in millions)
Total
 
Remainder of 2020
 
2021-2022
 
2023-2024
 
Thereafter
Contractual Obligations
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Senior bank debt
$
350.0

 
$
—

 
$
—

 
$
350.0

 
$
—

Senior notes
1,351.2

 
20.7

 
81.6

 
473.1

 
775.8

Junior convertible securities
819.1

 
11.1

 
44.4

 
44.4

 
719.2

Junior subordinated notes
991.9

 
8.8

 
35.3

 
35.3

 
912.5

Leases(1)
235.3

 
21.7

 
74.6

 
54.4

 
84.6

Affiliate equity repurchase obligations(2)
73.3

 
73.3

 
—

 
—

 
—

Other obligations(3)
73.9

 
10.0

 
63.9

 
—

 
—

Total contractual obligations
$
3,894.7

 
$
145.6

 
$
299.8

 
$
957.2

 
$
2,492.1

Contingent Obligations
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Contingent payment arrangements(4)
$
52.5

 
$
—

 
$
40.0

 
$
12.5

 
$
—

___________________________
(1) 
The total controlling interest portion is $53.5 million ($6.3 million through 2020, $22.1 million in 2021-2022, $16.5 million in 2023-2024 and $8.6 million thereafter).
(2) 
Affiliate equity repurchase obligations represent the fair value of obligations put to us and outstanding as of June 30, 2020.
(3) 
Other obligations represent obligations to make investments in an Affiliate and for liabilities at certain consolidated Affiliates as of June 30, 2020.
(4) 
Contingent payment arrangements represent the expected settlement amounts. The maximum contingent obligation that may become payable is $150.0 million in 2021, $77.5 million in 2022 and $62.5 million from 2023 through 2025.
The table above does not include liabilities for commitments to co-invest in certain Affiliate sponsored investment products or uncertain tax positions of $135.3 million and $61.0 million, respectively. This table also does not include potential obligations relating to our derivative financial instruments. See Note 6 of our Consolidated Financial Statements. These items are excluded as we cannot predict the timing of when such obligations will be paid.
Recent Accounting Developments
See Note 2 of our Consolidated Financial Statements.
Critical Accounting Estimates and Judgments
Our 2019 Annual Report on Form 10‑K includes additional information about our Critical Accounting Estimates and Judgments, and should be read in conjunction with this Quarterly Report on Form 10‑Q.

Item 3.
Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk

There have been no material changes to our Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk for the three

37

months ended June 30, 2020. Please refer to Item 7A of our 2019 Annual Report on Form 10-K.
Item 4.
Controls and Procedures
We carried out an evaluation under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, of the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures during the quarter covered by this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. Based upon that evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that, as of the end of the quarter covered by this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, our disclosure controls and procedures are effective in ensuring that (i) the information required to be disclosed by us in the reports that we file or submit under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the Securities and Exchange Commission’s rules and forms, and (ii) such information is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our principal executive officer and principal financial officer, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. In designing and evaluating our disclosure controls and procedures, we recognize that any controls and procedures, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable assurance of achieving the desired control objectives, and our management necessarily was required to apply its judgment in evaluating and implementing possible controls and procedures. Our disclosure controls and procedures were designed to provide reasonable assurance of achieving their stated objectives, and our principal executive officer and principal financial officers concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective at the reasonable assurance level. We review on an ongoing basis and document our disclosure controls and procedures, and our internal control over financial reporting, and we may from time to time make changes in an effort to enhance their effectiveness and ensure that our systems evolve with our business.
No change in our internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act) occurred during the quarter covered by this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.
PART II—OTHER INFORMATION
Item 2.
Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds
(a)
None.
(b)
None.
(c)Purchases of Equity Securities by the Issuer:
Period
 
Total Number of Shares Purchased(1)
 
Average Price Paid Per Share
 
Total Number of Shares Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Plans or Programs
 
Average Price Paid Per Share
 
Maximum Number of Shares that May Yet Be Purchased Under Outstanding Plans or Programs(2)
April 1-30, 2020
 
—

 
$
—

 
—

 
$
—

 
6,010,228

May 1-31, 2020
 
78,500

 
65.65

 
68,500

 
66.59

 
5,941,728

June 1-30, 2020(3)
 
556,111

 
73.62

 
556,111

 
73.62

 
5,385,617

Total
 
634,611

 
72.63

 
624,611

 
72.85

 
 
____________________________
(1) 
Includes shares surrendered to the Company to satisfy tax withholding and/or option exercise price obligations in connection with stock swap option exercise transactions and 10,000 shares purchased in open market transactions by the President and Chief Executive Officer of the Company. This purchase was previously disclosed on a Form 4 filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission.
(2) 
Our Board of Directors authorized share repurchase programs in October 2019 and January 2019 to repurchase up to 6.0 million and 3.3 million shares of our common stock, respectively, and these authorizations have no expiry. Purchases may be made from time to time, at management’s discretion, in the open market or in privately negotiated transactions, including through the use of derivative financial instruments and accelerated share repurchase programs. As of June 30, 2020, we had repurchased all of the shares of the January 2019 authorized amount, and there were a total of 5.4 million shares available for repurchase under our October 2019 share repurchase program.
(3) 
As of June 30, 2020, we had unsettled market share repurchases under a $15.0 million accelerated share repurchase program, of which 0.1 million shares are included in our total number of shares purchased during June 2020. Under the

38

program, which was completed on July 17, 2020, we repurchased a total of 0.2 million shares of our common stock at an average price of $72.00 per share.
Item 5.
Other Information
The Company’s Board of Directors has amended and restated the Company’s By-laws, effective as of the date of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, in light of the Board’s appointment of an independent Chairman of the Board and in connection with the Board of Directors’ regular review of the Company’s governance and organizational documents.  The amendments to the Company’s By-laws provide that the Company need not have a Lead Director if the Chairman of the Board of Directors is an independent director (within the meaning of the New York Stock Exchange listing standards).  The summary above is qualified in its entirety by the text of the amended and restated By-laws, which are attached as Exhibit 3.1 to this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.
Item 6.
Exhibits
The exhibits are listed on the Exhibit Index and are included elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.

39

EXHIBIT INDEX
 
 
 
Exhibit No.
 
Description
3.1

 
4.1

 
4.2

 
10.1†

 
10.2†

 
10.3†

 
10.4†

 
10.5†

 
10.6†

 
10.7†

 
10.8†

 
10.9†

 
10.10†

 
10.11†

 
10.12†

 
10.13†

 
31.1

 
31.2

 
32.1

 
32.2

 
101

 
The following financial statements from the Registrant’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2020 are filed herewith, formatted in XBRL (Inline eXtensible Business Reporting Language): (i) the Consolidated Statements of Income for the three- and six-month periods ended June 30, 2020 and 2019, (ii) the Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income for the three- and six-month periods ended June 30, 2020 and 2019, (iii) the Consolidated Balance Sheets at June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, (iv) the Consolidated Statements of Changes in Equity for the three- and six-month periods ended June 30, 2020 and 2019, (v) the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the six-month periods ended June 30, 2020 and 2019, and (vi) the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements
104

 
The cover page from the Registrant’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2020, formatted in XBRL (Inline eXtensible Business Reporting Language) and contained in Exhibit 101
                                           

*
Filed herewith
**
Furnished herewith


40

SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.
 
AFFILIATED MANAGERS GROUP, INC.
(Registrant)
July 31, 2020
/s/ THOMAS M. WOJCIK
 
Thomas M. Wojcik
on behalf of the Registrant as Chief Financial Officer (and also as Principal Financial and Principal Accounting Officer)

41

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