AgeX Therapeutics, Inc. - Quarter Report: 2020 March (Form 10-Q)

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

For the quarterly period ended March 31, 2020

OR

For the transition period from ___________ to __________

Commission file number 1-38519

AgeX Therapeutics, Inc.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

965 Atlantic Avenue, Suite 101

Alameda, California 94501

(Address of principal executive offices) (Zip Code)

Registrant’s telephone number, including area code

(510) 671-8370

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. [X] Yes [  ] No

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). [X] Yes [  ] No

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. [X]

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). [  ] Yes [X] No

The number of shares common stock outstanding as of May 12, 2020 was 37,656,415 par value $0.0001 per share

PART 1—FINANCIAL INFORMATION

This Report on Form 10-Q (“Report”) contains forward-looking statements that involve risks and uncertainties. We make such forward-looking statements pursuant to the safe harbor provisions of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 and other federal securities laws. All statements other than statements of historical facts contained in this Report are forward-looking statements. In some cases, you can identify forward-looking statements by words such as “anticipate,” “believe,” “contemplate,” “continue,” “could,” “estimate,” “expect,” “intend,” “may,” “plan,” “potential,” “predict,” “project,” “seek,” “should,” “target,” “will,” “would,” or the negative of these words or other comparable terminology.

Any forward-looking statements in this Report reflect our current views with respect to future events or to our future financial performance and involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors that may cause our actual results, performance or achievements to be materially different from any future results, performance or achievements expressed or implied by these forward-looking statements. Factors that may cause actual results to differ materially from current expectations include, among other things, those discussed in this Report under Item 1 of the Notes to Condensed Financial Statements, under Risk Factors in this Report and those listed under Part I, Item 1A. Risk Factors of our Annual Report on Form 10-K as filed with the Securities Exchange Commission on March 30, 2020. Given these uncertainties, you should not place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements. Except as required by law, we assume no obligation to update or revise these forward-looking statements for any reason, even if new information becomes available in the future.

References to “AgeX,” “our” or “we” mean AgeX Therapeutics, Inc.

The description or discussion, in this Form 10-Q, of any contract or agreement is a summary only and is qualified in all respects by reference to the full text of the applicable contract or agreement.

Item 1. Financial Statements

AGEX THERAPEUTICS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

(IN THOUSANDS, EXCEPT PAR VALUE AMOUNTS)

See accompanying notes to the condensed consolidated interim financial statements.

AGEX THERAPEUTICS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS

(IN THOUSANDS, EXCEPT PER SHARE DATA)

(UNAUDITED)

See accompanying notes to the condensed consolidated interim financial statements.

AGEX THERAPEUTICS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE LOSS

(IN THOUSANDS)

(UNAUDITED)

See accompanying notes to the condensed consolidated interim financial statements.

AGEX THERAPEUTICS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

(IN THOUSANDS)

(UNAUDITED)

See accompanying notes to the condensed consolidated interim financial statements.

AGEX THERAPEUTICS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED INTERIM FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(UNAUDITED)

1. Organization, Business Overview and Liquidity

AgeX Therapeutics, Inc. (“AgeX”) was incorporated in January 2017 in the state of Delaware as a subsidiary of Lineage Cell Therapeutics, Inc. (“Lineage,” formerly known as BioTime, Inc.), a publicly traded, clinical-stage biotechnology company.

AgeX is a biotechnology company focused on the development and commercialization of novel therapeutics targeting human aging and degenerative diseases. AgeX’s initial discovery and pre-clinical programs focus on utilizing brown adipose tissue (“brown fat”) in targeting diabetes, obesity, and heart disease; and induced tissue regeneration (“iTR”) in utilizing the human body’s own abilities to scarlessly regenerate tissue damaged from age or trauma. AgeX may also pursue other early-stage pre-clinical programs. AgeX is an “emerging growth company” as defined in the Jumpstart our Business Startups Act of 2012.

Lineage’s sale of significant ownership interest in AgeX to Juvenescence – On August 30, 2018, Lineage consummated the sale of 14,400,000 shares of common stock of AgeX owned by Lineage to Juvenescence Limited (“Juvenescence”). Prior to the transaction, Juvenescence owned 5.6% of AgeX’s issued and outstanding common stock. Upon completion of the transaction, Lineage’s ownership in AgeX was reduced from 80.4% to 40.2% of AgeX’s issued and outstanding shares of common stock, and Juvenescence’s ownership in AgeX was increased from 5.6% to 45.8% of AgeX’s issued and outstanding shares of common stock. AgeX did not receive any proceeds from the transaction. As a result of that transaction, AgeX ceased to be a subsidiary of Lineage because Lineage experienced a “loss of control” of a subsidiary, as defined by generally accepted accounting principles in the U.S. (“GAAP”). Loss of control is deemed to have occurred when, among other things, a parent company owns less than a majority of the outstanding common stock in the subsidiary, lacks a controlling financial interest in the subsidiary and, is unable to unilaterally control the subsidiary through other means such as having, or being able to obtain, the power to elect a majority of the subsidiary’s Board of Directors based solely on contractual rights or ownership of shares holding a majority of the voting power of the subsidiary’s voting securities. All of these loss-of-control factors were present with respect to Lineage’s ownership interest in AgeX as of August 30, 2018. Accordingly, Lineage deconsolidated AgeX’s consolidated financial statements and results from its consolidated financial statements and results beginning on August 30, 2018.

On November 28, 2018 (the “Distribution Date”), Lineage distributed to its shareholders, on a pro rata basis, 12,697,028 shares of the AgeX common stock it then held (the “Distribution”). Immediately after the Distribution, Lineage retained 1,718,972 shares of AgeX common stock, representing approximately 4.8% of the common stock then issued and outstanding. Following the Distribution, AgeX common stock began publicly trading on the NYSE American under the symbol “AGE” (see Notes 4, 7 and 9).

Going Concern and Liquidity

Since inception, AgeX has financed its operations through contributions and advances from its former parent company, Lineage, the sale of its common stock and warrants, exercises of warrants (see Notes 4 and 5), a loan facility from Juvenescence, and research grants. Lineage provided AgeX with the use of Lineage facilities and services under a Shared Facilities and Services Agreement (the “Shared Facilities Agreement”) through September 30, 2019, as described in Note 4. AgeX has incurred operating losses and negative cash flows since inception and had an accumulated deficit of $89.4 million as of March 31, 2020. AgeX expects to continue to incur operating losses and negative cash flows.

Based on a strategic review of its operations, giving consideration to the status of its product development programs, human resources, capital needs and resources, and current conditions in the capital markets, AgeX’s board of directors and management have made certain adjustments to AgeX’s operating plans and budgets, including the staff reductions discussed in Note 10, to reduce its projected cash expenditures to extend the period over which AgeX can continue its operations with its available cash resources.

Notwithstanding those adjustments, based on AgeX’s most recent projected cash flows AgeX believes that its cash and cash equivalents of $0.5 million as of March 31, 2020 plus the loan facility by Juvenescence to advance up to $8.0 million to AgeX for operating capital discussed in Note 4, would not be sufficient to satisfy AgeX’s anticipated operating and other funding requirements for the next twelve months from the issuance of these condensed consolidated interim financial statements. These conditions raise substantial doubt about AgeX’s ability to continue as a going concern. AgeX will need to obtain substantial additional funding in connection with its continuing operations.

2. Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

The unaudited condensed consolidated interim financial statements presented herein, and discussed below, have been prepared in accordance with GAAP for interim financial information and with the instructions to Form 10-Q and Article 8 of Regulation S-X. In accordance with those rules and regulations certain information and footnote disclosures normally included in comprehensive consolidated financial statements have been condensed or omitted. The condensed consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2019 was derived from the audited consolidated financial statements at that date but does not include all the information and footnotes required by GAAP. These condensed consolidated interim financial statements should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements and notes thereto included in AgeX’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019.

The accompanying condensed consolidated interim financial statements, in the opinion of management, include all adjustments, consisting only of normal recurring adjustments, necessary for a fair presentation of AgeX’s financial condition and results of operations. The condensed consolidated results of operations are not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected for any other interim period or for the entire year.

Through September 30, 2019, to the extent AgeX did not have its own employees or facilities for its operations, Lineage or Lineage commonly controlled and consolidated subsidiaries provided certain employees for administrative or operational services, including laboratory space and administrative facilities, as necessary, for the benefit of AgeX, under the Shared Facilities Agreement. Lineage allocated expenses such as salaries and payroll related expenses incurred and paid on behalf of AgeX based on the amount of time that particular employees devoted to AgeX affairs. Other expenses such as legal, accounting and financial reporting, marketing, and travel expenses were allocated to AgeX to the extent that those expenses were incurred by or on behalf of AgeX. Lineage also allocated certain overhead expenses such as rent and utilities, property taxes, insurance, laboratory expenses and supplies, telecommunications and other indirect expenses. These allocations were made based upon activity-based allocation drivers such as time spent, percentage of square feet of office or laboratory space used, headcount and percentage of personnel devoted to AgeX’s operations or management. Management evaluated the appropriateness of the allocations on a periodic basis and believes that this basis for allocation was reasonable. AgeX terminated the Shared Facilities Agreement effective September 30, 2019.

Juvenescence also provides the services of certain of its employees to AgeX on a cost reimbursement basis.

Principles of consolidation

AgeX’s condensed consolidated interim financial statements include the accounts of its subsidiaries and certain research and development departments. AgeX consolidated its direct and indirect wholly-owned or majority-owned subsidiaries because AgeX has the ability to control their operating and financial decisions and policies through its ownership, and the noncontrolling interest is reflected as a separate element of stockholders’ equity (deficit) on AgeX’s condensed consolidated balance sheets.

The following table reflects AgeX’s ownership, directly or through one or more subsidiaries, of the outstanding shares of its operating subsidiaries as of March 31, 2020.

All material intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.

Revenue recognition

During the first quarter of 2018, AgeX adopted Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) ASU 2014-09, Revenues from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606), which created a single, principle-based revenue recognition model that supersedes and replaces nearly all existing U.S. GAAP revenue recognition guidance. AgeX adopted ASU 2014-09 using the modified retrospective transition method applied to those contracts which were not completed as of the adoption date. Results for reporting periods beginning on January 1, 2018 and thereafter are presented under Topic 606. AgeX’s largest source of revenue is currently sourced from subscription and advertisement revenues generated by its majority-owned subsidiary, LifeMap Sciences, Inc. (“LifeMap Sciences”).

AgeX recognizes revenue in a manner that depicts the transfer of control of a product or a service to a customer and reflects the amount of the consideration it expects to receive in exchange for such product or service. In doing so, AgeX follows a five-step approach: (i) identify the contract with a customer, (ii) identify the performance obligations in the contract, (iii) determine the transaction price, (iv) allocate the transaction price to the performance obligations, and (v) recognize revenue when (or as) the customer obtains control of the product or service. AgeX considers the terms of a contract and all relevant facts and circumstances when applying the revenue recognition standard. AgeX applies the revenue recognition standard, including the use of any practical expedients, consistently to contracts with similar characteristics and in similar circumstances.

Subscription and advertisement revenues – LifeMap Sciences sells subscription-based products, including research databases and software tools, for biomedical, gene, and disease research. LifeMap Sciences sells these subscriptions primarily through the internet to biotech and pharmaceutical companies worldwide. LifeMap Sciences’ principal subscription product is the GeneCards^® Suite, which includes the GeneCards^® human gene database, and the MalaCards™ human disease database.

LifeMap Sciences’ performance obligations for subscriptions include a license of intellectual property related to its genetic information packages and premium genetic information tools. These licenses are deemed functional licenses that provide customers with a “right to access” to LifeMap Sciences’ intellectual property during the subscription period and, accordingly, revenue is recognized over a period of time, which is generally the subscription period. Payments are typically received at the beginning of a subscription period and revenue is recognized according to the type of subscription sold.

For subscription contracts in which the subscription term commences before a payment is due, LifeMap Sciences records an accounts receivable as the subscription is earned over time and bills the customer according to the contract terms. LifeMap Sciences continuously monitors collections and payments from customers and maintains a provision for estimated credit losses and uncollectible accounts based upon its historical experience and any specific customer collection issues that have been identified. Amounts determined to be uncollectible are written off against the allowance for doubtful accounts. LifeMap Sciences has not historically provided significant discounts, credits, concessions, or other incentives from the stated price in the contract as the prices are offered on a fixed fee basis for the type of subscription package being purchased. LifeMap Sciences may issue refunds only if the packages cease to be available for reasons beyond its control. In such an event, the customer will get a refund on a pro-rata basis. Both the customer and LifeMap Sciences expect the subscription packages to be available during the entire subscription period, and LifeMap Sciences has not experienced any significant issues with the availability of the product and has not issued any material refunds. Using the most likely amount method for estimating refunds under Topic 606, including historical experience, LifeMap Sciences determined that the single most likely amount of variable consideration for refunds is immaterial as LifeMap Sciences does not expect to pay any refunds.

LifeMap Sciences’ performance obligations for advertising are overall advertising services and represent a series of distinct services. Contracts are typically less than a year in duration and the fees charged may include a combination of fixed and variable fees with the variable fees tied to click throughs to the customer’s products on their website. LifeMap Sciences allocates the variable consideration to each month the click through services occur and allocates the annual fee to the performance obligation period of the initial term of the contract because those amounts correspond to the value provided to the customer each month. For click-through advertising services, at the time the variable compensation is known and determinable, the service has been rendered. Revenue is recognized at that time. The annual fee is recognized over the initial subscription period because this is a service and the customers simultaneously receive and consume during the period of the subscription.

LifeMap Sciences deferred subscription revenues primarily represent subscriptions for which cash payment has been received for the subscription term, but the subscription term has not been completed as of the balance sheet date. For the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019, LifeMap Sciences recognized $338,000 and $345,000, respectively, in subscription and advertisement revenues. As of March 31, 2020, there was $407,000 included in deferred revenues in the condensed consolidated balance sheet which is expected to be recognized as subscription revenue over the next twelve months.

LifeMap Sciences has licensed from third parties the databases and software it commercializes and has a contractual obligation to pay royalties to the licensor on subscriptions sold. These costs are included in cost of sales on the condensed consolidated statements of operations when the cash is received, and the royalty obligation is incurred as the royalty payments do not qualify for capitalization of costs to fulfill a contract under ASC 340-40, Other Assets and Deferred Costs - Contracts with Customers.

Grant revenues – In applying the provisions of Topic 606, AgeX has determined that government grants are out of the scope of Topic 606 because the government entities do not meet the definition of a “customer”, as defined by Topic 606, as there is not considered to be a transfer of control of good or services to the government entities funding the grant. AgeX accounts for grants received to perform research and development services in accordance with ASC 730-20, Research and Development Arrangements, which requires an assessment, at the inception of the grant, of whether the grant is a liability or a contract to perform research and development services for others. If AgeX or a subsidiary receiving the grant is obligated to repay the grant funds to the grantor regardless of the outcome of the research and development activities, then AgeX is required to estimate and recognize that liability. Alternatively, if AgeX or a subsidiary receiving the grant is not required to repay, or if it is required to repay the grant funds only if the research and development activities are successful, then the grant agreement is accounted for as a contract to perform research and development services for others, in which case, grant revenue is recognized when the related research and development expenses are incurred.

In September 2018, AgeX was awarded a grant of up to approximately $225,000 from the National Institutes of Health (NIH). The NIH grant provides funding for continued development of AgeX technologies for treating osteoporosis. The grant funds will be made available by the NIH as allowable expenses are incurred. For the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019, AgeX incurred approximately $25,000 and $15,000, respectively, of allowable expenses under the NIH grant and recognized a corresponding amount of grant revenues.

On April 5, 2018, AgeX was awarded a grant of up to approximately $386,000 from the NIH. The NIH grant provides funding for continued development of AgeX’s technologies for treating stroke. The grant funds will be made available by the NIH to AgeX as allowable expenses are incurred. For the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019, AgeX incurred approximately $61,000 and nil, respectively, of allowable expenses under the NIH grant and recognized a corresponding amount of grant revenues.

Arrangements with multiple performance obligations – AgeX’s contracts with customers may include multiple performance obligations. For such arrangements, AgeX allocates revenue to each performance obligation based on its relative standalone selling price. AgeX generally determines or estimates standalone selling prices based on the prices charged, or that would be charged, to customers for that product or service. As of March 31, 2020, AgeX did not have significant arrangements with multiple performance obligations.

Research and development

Research and development expenses include both direct expenses incurred by AgeX or its subsidiaries and indirect overhead costs allocated by Lineage that benefit or support AgeX’s research and development functions. Direct research and development expenses consist primarily of personnel costs and related benefits, including stock-based compensation, amortization of intangible assets, outside consultants and suppliers, and license fees paid to third parties to acquire patents or licenses to use patents and other technology. Indirect research and development expenses allocated by Lineage to AgeX under the Shared Facilities Agreement (see Note 4), were primarily based on headcount or space occupied, as applicable, and include laboratory supplies, laboratory expenses, rent and utilities, common area maintenance, telecommunications, property taxes and insurance. Research and development expenses incurred and reimbursed by grants from third parties or governmental agencies, including service revenues from co-development projects with customers, if any and as applicable, approximate the respective revenues recognized in the condensed consolidated statements of operations.

General and administrative

General and administrative expenses include both direct expenses incurred by AgeX and indirect overhead costs allocated by Lineage that benefited or supported AgeX’s general and administrative functions. Direct general and administrative expenses consist primarily of compensation and related benefits, including stock-based compensation, for executive and corporate personnel, and professional and consulting fees. Indirect general and administrative expenses allocated by Lineage to AgeX under the Shared Facilities Agreement during 2019 (see Note 4) were primarily based on headcount or space occupied, as applicable, and include costs for financial reporting and compliance, rent and utilities, common area maintenance, telecommunications, property taxes and insurance.

Basic and diluted net loss per share attributable to common stockholders

Basic loss per share is calculated by dividing net loss attributable to AgeX common stockholders by the weighted average number of shares of common stock outstanding, net of unvested restricted stock or restricted stock units, subject to repurchase by AgeX, if any, during the period. Diluted loss per share is calculated by dividing the net income attributable to AgeX common stockholders, if any, by the weighted average number of shares of common stock outstanding, adjusted for the effects of potentially dilutive common stock issuable under outstanding stock options, warrants, and restricted stock units, using the treasury-stock method, and convertible preferred stock, if any, using the if-converted method, and treasury stock held by subsidiaries, if any.

For the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019, because AgeX reported a net loss attributable to common stockholders, all potentially dilutive common stock, comprised of stock options, restricted stock units and warrants, is antidilutive.

The following weighted average common stock equivalents were excluded from the computation of diluted net loss per share of common stock for the periods presented because including them would have been antidilutive (in thousands):

Leases

On January 1, 2019, AgeX adopted ASU 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842, “ASC 842”) and its subsequent amendments affecting AgeX: (i) ASU 2018-10, Codification Improvements to Topic 842, Leases, and (ii) ASU 2018-11, Leases (Topic 842): Targeted improvements, using the modified retrospective method.

AgeX management determines if an arrangement is a lease at inception. Leases are classified as either financing or operating, with classification affecting the pattern of expense recognition in the consolidated statements of operations. When determining whether a lease is a financing lease or an operating lease, ASC 842 does not specifically define criteria to determine “major part of remaining economic life of the underlying asset” and “substantially all of the fair value of the underlying asset.” For lease classification determination, AgeX continues to use (i) 75% or greater to determine whether the lease term is a major part of the remaining economic life of the underlying asset and (ii) 90% or greater to determine whether the present value of the sum of lease payments is substantially all of the fair value of the underlying asset. Under the available practical expedients, and as applicable, AgeX accounts for the lease and non-lease components as a single lease component. AgeX recognizes right-of-use (“ROU”) assets and lease liabilities for leases with terms greater than twelve months in the consolidated balance sheet.

ROU assets represent an entity’s right to use an underlying asset during the lease term and lease liabilities represent an entity’s obligation to make lease payments arising from the lease. Operating lease ROU assets and liabilities are recognized at commencement date based on the present value of lease payments over the lease term. If the lease agreement does not provide an implicit rate in the contract, an entity uses its incremental borrowing rate based on the information available at commencement date in determining the present value of lease payments. The operating lease ROU asset also includes any lease payments made and excludes lease incentives. The lease terms may include options to extend or terminate the lease when it is reasonably certain that the entity will exercise that option. Lease expense for lease payments is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term.

Upon adoption of ASC 842 and based on the practical expedients available under that standard, AgeX did not reassess any expired or existing contracts, reassess the lease classification for any expired or existing leases and reassess initial direct costs for exiting leases. AgeX also elected not to capitalize leases that have terms of twelve months or less.

AgeX’s sublease of its current office and laboratory facility, which commenced on April 2, 2019, is subject to ASC 842. AgeX recognized its lease as a right-of-use asset included in property and equipment, net (see Note 3) and operating lease liability on its balance sheet in accordance with ASC 842 as of March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019 (see Note 9). During 2019, AgeX as a sublessor subleased portions of its office and laboratory space to certain unaffiliated third parties. These subleases are not subject to ASC 842.

Reclassifications

A reclassification was made from amounts included in Grant and other revenues to conform to current period presentation.

Recently adopted accounting pronouncements

In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-13, Fair Value Measurement (Topic 820): Disclosure Framework – Changes to the Disclosure Requirements for Fair Value Measurement, which modifies certain disclosure requirements for reporting fair value measurements. ASU 2018-13 is effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2019. AgeX adopted this standard effective January 1, 2020 which did not have a material impact on its consolidated financial statements.

Recently issued accounting pronouncements not yet adopted

The recently issued accounting pronouncements applicable to AgeX that are not yet effective should be read in conjunction with the recently issued accounting pronouncements, as applicable and disclosed in AgeX’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019.

In December 2019, the FASB issued ASU 2019-12, Income Taxes (Topic 740): Simplifying the Accounting for Income Taxes, which modifies ASC 740 to simplify the accounting for income taxes. The new standard removes certain exceptions for recognizing deferred taxes for investments, performing intraperiod allocation and calculating income taxes in interim periods. The new standard also adds guidance to reduce complexity in certain areas, including recognizing deferred taxes for tax goodwill and allocating taxes to members of a consolidated group. ASU 2019-12 is effective for fiscal year, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2020, with early adoption permitted. AgeX does not plan to early adopt this guidance and does not anticipate that the adoption of the new standard will have a material impact on its consolidated financial statements.

CARES Act

On March 27, 2020, the Coronavirus Aid, Relief and Economic Security (“CARES”) Act was enacted and signed into law. In accordance with ASC 740, a company accounts for the income tax effects of a change in the tax rates or tax law, including the CARES Act in the period that includes the date of enactment. Accordingly, AgeX will account for and report the effect of the CARES Act, if any, in the second quarter of 2020. AgeX is currently evaluating the impact of the CARES Act, but does not expect the provisions of the CARES Act to have a material impact.

3. Selected Balance Sheet Components

Property and equipment, net

At March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, property and equipment was comprised of the following (in thousands):

Depreciation and amortization expense amounted to $227,000 and $10,000 for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively. Accumulated depreciation and amortization also reflects $89,000 adjustment for the write off of office furniture and equipment with the shutdown of our subsidiary’s office in Israel.

Intangible assets, net

As of March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, intangible assets, primarily consisting of acquired in-process research and development and patents, and accumulated amortization were as follows (in thousands):

AgeX recognized $140,000 and $139,000 in amortization expense of intangible assets, included in research and development expenses, for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively.

Accounts payable and accrued liabilities

As of March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, accounts payable and accrued liabilities were comprised of the following (in thousands):

4. Related Party Transactions

Shared Facilities and Service Agreement

On August 17, 2017, AgeX and Lineage executed the Shared Facilities Agreement. The Shared Facilities Agreement was terminated by AgeX effective September 30, 2019. Under the terms of the Shared Facilities Agreement, Lineage agreed to permit AgeX to use Lineage’s Alameda, California office and laboratory facilities and certain equipment for the purpose of conducting business. Lineage also provided accounting, billing, bookkeeping, payroll, treasury, payment of accounts payable, and other administrative services to AgeX.

Lineage charged AgeX a “Use Fee” for services received and usage of facilities, equipment, and supplies. For each billing period, Lineage prorated and allocated costs incurred as a Use Fee to AgeX. Such costs generally included services of Lineage employees, consultants, and contractors; equipment use, insurance, lease expense, fees for services of accountants, lawyers, and other professionals; software; supplies; and utilities. Allocation depended on key cost drivers including actual documented use, square footage of facilities used, time spent, costs incurred by or for AgeX, or upon proportionate usage by Lineage and AgeX, as reasonably estimated by Lineage. Lineage charged AgeX a 5% markup on such allocated costs under the terms of the Shared Facilities Agreement. The allocated cost of Lineage employees and contractors who provided services was based upon records maintained of the number of hours or percentage of time of such personnel devoted to the performance of services. The Use Fee was determined and invoiced to AgeX on a monthly basis for each calendar month of each calendar year. In addition to the Use Fees, AgeX reimbursed Lineage for any out of pocket costs incurred by Lineage for the purchase of office supplies, laboratory supplies, and other goods and materials and services for the account or use of AgeX.

The Shared Facilities Agreement was not considered a lease under the provisions of ASC 842 discussed in Note 2, because, among other factors, a significant part of the Shared Facilities Agreement is a contract for services, not a tangible asset, and is cancelable by either party without penalty.

In aggregate, Lineage charged such Use Fees to AgeX and subsidiaries as follows during the three months ended March 31, 2019 when the Shared Facilities Agreement was in effect (in thousands):

AgeX has accounted for payables to an affiliate, net of receivables from that affiliate, if any, for shared services and other transactions that AgeX has entered into with that affiliate. AgeX recorded those payables and receivables on a net basis where AgeX and the affiliate intended to exercise a right of offset of the payable and the receivable and to settle the balances net by having the party that owes the other party pay the net balance owed. AgeX has treated Lineage and Juvenescence as affiliates for this purpose.

AgeX had $40,000 and ($7,000) in related party payable to (receivable from) to Lineage, included in related party payables, net on the condensed consolidated balance sheets as of March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively.

Transactions with Juvenescence

On March 30, 2020, AgeX and Juvenescence entered into a new Secured Convertible Facility Agreement (the “New Loan Agreement”) pursuant to which Juvenescence has agreed to provide to AgeX an $8.0 million line of credit for a period of 18 months on substantially the same terms as the Loan Agreement described below, except that (a) all loans to AgeX under the New Loan Agreement in excess of an initial $500,000 advance are subject to Juvenescence’s discretion, (b) AgeX may not draw more than $1 million in any single draw, (c) in lieu of accrued interest, AgeX will issue to Juvenescence 28,500 shares of AgeX common stock when AgeX has borrowed an aggregate of $3 million under the New Loan Agreement, (d) AgeX will issue to Juvenescence warrants to purchase shares of AgeX common stock (“New Warrants”) in amounts determined by the warrant formula described below, (e) the Repayment Date for outstanding principal balance of the loan under the New Loan Agreement will be March 30, 2023, (f) if AgeX requests additional loans after making the first two draws of funds (which are expected to total $1 million) under the New Loan Agreement, a Security and Pledge Agreement (the “Security Agreement”) will go into effect granting Juvenescence a security interest in all of the assets of AgeX and AgeX’s subsidiaries ReCyte Therapeutics and Reverse Bioengineering, Inc. (the “Guarantor Subsidiaries” or each a “Guarantor Subsidiary”) (g) the Guarantor Subsidiaries will guarantee AgeX’s obligations under the New Loan Agreement if AgeX makes more than two draws of funds under the New Loan Agreement and (h) Juvenescence has the right to convert the principal amount of outstanding loans under the New Loan Agreement into shares of AgeX common stock at the Market Price as defined in the New Loan Agreement. Further, in addition to the Events of Default described in Note 4, additional Events of Default will arise under the New Loan Agreement if (i) AgeX or any of the Guarantor Subsidiaries sells, leases, licenses, consigns, transfers, or otherwise disposes of a material part of its assets other than inventory in the ordinary course of business or certain intercompany transactions, or certain other limited permitted transactions, unless Juvenescence approves, (ii) the security interests under the Security Agreement, if in effect, are not valid or perfected, or AgeX or a Guarantor Subsidiary contests the validity of its obligations under the New Loan Agreement or Security Agreement or other related agreement with Juvenescence, or there is a loss, theft, damage or destruction of a material portion of the collateral, (iii) any representation, warranty, or other statement made by AgeX or a Guarantor Subsidiary under the New Loan Agreement is incomplete, untrue, incorrect, or misleading, or (iv) AgeX or a Guarantor Subsidiary suspends or ceases to carry on all or a material part of its business or threatens to do so.

Each time AgeX receives an advance of funds under the New Loan Agreement, AgeX will issue to Juvenescence a number of New Warrants equal to 50% of the number determined by dividing the amount of the advance by the applicable Market Price. The Market Price will be the closing price per share of AgeX common stock on the NYSE American or other national securities exchange on the date of the applicable notice from AgeX requesting a draw of funds that triggers the obligation to issue New Warrants; provided, however that if AgeX common stock is not traded on a national securities exchange the Market Price shall be determined with reference to closing prices quoted or bid and asked prices on the OTC Bulletin Board or similar quotation system averaged over twenty consecutive trading days. The exercise price of the New Warrants will be the applicable Market Price. The New Warrants will expire at 5:00 p.m. New York time three years after the date of issue.

AgeX has entered into an amendment to its Registration Rights Agreement described above and include the 28,500 shares issuable under the New Loan Agreement and the New Warrants and underlying shares as registrable securities under the Registration Rights Agreement.

On August 13, 2019, AgeX and Juvenescence entered into a Loan Facility Agreement (the “Loan Agreement”) pursuant to which Juvenescence has provided to AgeX a $2.0 million line of credit for a period of 18 months. Through March 31, 2020, AgeX drew $2.0 million of the line of credit. AgeX may not draw down funds after the Repayment Date in February 2021 or if an “Event of Default” under the Loan Agreement has occurred and is continuing and AgeX may not draw down more than $700,000 during any 30 day period.

In lieu of accrued interest, AgeX issued to Juvenescence 19,000 shares of AgeX common stock, with an approximate value of $56,000, concurrently with the first draw down of funds under the Loan Agreement. However, if AgeX fails to repay the loan when due, interest at the rate of 10% per annum, compounded daily, will accrue on the unpaid balance from the date the payment was due.

In lieu of repayment of funds borrowed, AgeX or Juvenescence may convert the loan balance (including principal and accrued interest, if any) into AgeX common stock or “units” if AgeX consummates a “Qualified Offering” which means a sale of common stock (or common stock paired with warrants or other convertible securities in “units”) in which the gross sale proceeds are at least $7.5 million.

Events of Default under the Loan Agreement include: (i) AgeX fails to pay any amount in the manner and at the time provided in the Loan Agreement and the failure to pay is not remedied within 10 business days; (ii) AgeX fails to perform any of its obligations under the Loan Agreement and if the failure can be remedied it is not remedied to the satisfaction of Juvenescence within 10 business days after notice to AgeX; (iii) other indebtedness for money borrowed in excess of $100,000 becomes due and payable or can be declared due and payable prior to its due date or if indebtedness for money borrowed in excess of $25,000 is not paid when due; (iv) AgeX stops payment of its debts generally or discontinues its business or becomes unable to pay its debts as they become due or enters into any arrangement with creditors generally, (v) AgeX becoming insolvent or in liquidation or administration or other insolvency procedures, or a receiver, trustee or similar officer is appointed in respect of all or any part of its assets and such appointment continues undischarged or unstayed for sixty days, (vi) it becomes illegal for AgeX to perform its obligations under the Loan Agreement or any governmental permit, license, consent, exemption or similar requirement for AgeX to perform its obligations under the Loan Agreement or to carry out its business is not obtained or ceases to remain in effect; (vii) the issuance or levy of any judgment, writ, warrant of attachment or execution or similar process against all or any material part of the property or assets of AgeX if such process is not released, vacated or fully bonded within sixty calendar days after its issue or levy; (viii) any injunction, order or judgement of any court is entered or issued which in the opinion of Juvenescence materially and adversely affects the ability of AgeX to carry out its business or to pay amounts owed to Juvenescence under the Loan Agreement, and (ix) there is a change in AgeX’s financial condition that in the opinion of Juvenescence materially and adversely affects, or is likely to so affect, its ability to perform any of its obligations under the Loan Agreement.

As consideration for the line of credit under the Loan Agreement, AgeX issued to Juvenescence warrants to purchase 150,000 shares of AgeX common stock. The exercise price of the warrants is $2.60 per share, which was the volume weighted average price on the NYSE American (VWAP) of AgeX common stock over the twenty trading days prior to the date the warrants were issued. The warrants will expire at 5:00 p.m. New York time three years after the date of issue. The number of shares issuable upon exercise of the warrants and the exercise price per share are subject to adjustment upon the occurrence of certain events such as a stock split or reverse split or combination of the common stock, stock dividend, recapitalization or reclassification of the common stock, and similar events. The estimated value of these warrants was $236,000 which was determined in accordance with the Black-Scholes option pricing model with inputs as specified in the relevant warrant agreement.

AgeX has entered into a Registration Rights Agreement to use commercially reasonable efforts to register the 19,000 shares issuable under the Loan Agreement and the 150,000 warrants and underlying shares for resale under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”), upon request of Juvenescence if Form S-3 is available to AgeX. Juvenescence will also have “piggy-back” registration rights if AgeX files a registration statement for the sale of shares for itself or other stockholders. AgeX will bear the expenses of the registration statement but not underwriting or broker’s commissions related to the sale of warrants or shares. AgeX and Juvenescence will indemnify each other from certain liabilities in connection the registration, offer, and sale of securities under a registration statement, including liabilities arising under the Securities Act.

Since October 2018, AgeX’s Chief Operating Officer (“COO”), who is also an employee of Juvenescence, is devoting a majority of his time to AgeX’s operations. AgeX reimburses Juvenescence for his services on an agreed-upon fixed annual amount of approximately $280,000. As of March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, AgeX had approximately $141,000 and $71,000, respectively, payable to Juvenescence for COO services rendered, included in related party payables, net, on the condensed consolidated balance sheets.

Sale and exercise of AgeX warrants

In February 2018, AgeX sold warrants, as described in Note 5, to certain investors, including to Alfred D. Kingsley, who was at the time AgeX’s Executive Chairman and the Chairman of BioTime’s Board of Directors. On March 18, 2019, Mr. Kingsley purchased a total of 248,600 shares of AgeX common stock through the exercise of his warrants at an exercise price of $2.50 per share and paid a total purchase price of $621,500.

5. Stockholders’ Equity (Deficit)

Preferred Stock

AgeX is authorized to issue up to 5,000,000 shares of $0.0001 par value preferred stock. At March 31, 2020 no preferred shares were issued and outstanding.

Common Stock

AgeX has 100,000,000 shares of $0.0001 par value common stock authorized. At March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, there were 37,656,415 and 37,649,000 shares of AgeX common stock issued and outstanding, respectively.

See Note 4 for related party transactions with Lineage that impacted AgeX’s condensed consolidated statements of stockholders’ equity (deficit).

Sale of Warrants by AgeX

On February 28, 2018, AgeX sold Warrants to purchase 1,473,600 shares of AgeX common stock for $0.50 per Warrant for aggregate cash proceeds to AgeX of $736,800, which included $124,300 from Alfred D. Kingsley, AgeX’s then Executive Chairman and the Chairman of Lineage’s Board of Directors. On July 10, 2018, AgeX sold additional Warrants to purchase 526,400 shares of common stock for $0.50 per warrant for aggregate net cash proceeds to AgeX of $263,200. The Warrants were exercisable at $2.50 per share. On March 18, 2019, holders of the Warrants purchased a total of 1,800,000 shares of AgeX common stock through the exercise of Warrants at an exercise price of $2.50 per share, for total proceeds to AgeX of $4.5 million. Any unexercised Warrants expired on that date.

On August 13, 2019, in lieu of accrued interest under the Loan Agreement, AgeX issued to Juvenescence 19,000 shares of AgeX common stock concurrently with the first draw down of funds. Furthermore, as consideration for the line of credit under the Loan Agreement, AgeX issued to Juvenescence warrants to purchase 150,000 shares of AgeX common stock. See Note 4.

Reconciliation of Changes in Stockholders’ Equity (Deficit)

The following tables provide the activity in stockholders’ equity (deficit) for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019 (unaudited and in thousands):

6. Stock-Based Awards

Equity Incentive Plan Awards

AgeX has an Equity Incentive Plan (the “Plan”) under which a maximum of 4,000,000 shares of common stock are available for the grant of stock options, the sale of restricted stock, the settlement of restricted stock units, and the grant of stock appreciation rights. The Plan also permits AgeX to issue such other securities as its Board of Directors or the Compensation Committee administering the Plan may determine.

A summary of AgeX stock option activity under the Plan and related information follows (in thousands, except weighted average exercise price):

There have been no exercises of stock options to date.

Stock-based Compensation Expense

The fair value of each option award is estimated on the date of grant using a Black-Scholes option pricing model applying the weighted-average assumptions noted in the following table:

(1) No stock options were granted under the Plan during the three months ended March 31, 2020.

Operating expenses include stock-based compensation expense as follows (in thousands):

7. Income Taxes

The provision for income taxes for interim periods is determined using an estimated annual effective tax rate in accordance with ASC 740-270, Income Taxes, Interim Reporting. The effective tax rate may be subject to fluctuations during the year as new information is obtained, which may affect the assumptions used to estimate the annual effective tax rate, including factors such as valuation allowances against deferred tax assets, the recognition or de-recognition of tax benefits related to uncertain tax positions, if any, and changes in or the interpretation of tax laws in jurisdictions where AgeX conducts business.

On March 23, 2018, Ascendance Biotechnology, Inc. (“Ascendance”) was acquired by a third party in a merger through which AgeX received approximately $3.2 million in cash for its shares of Ascendance common stock. For financial reporting purposes, AgeX recognized a $3.2 million gain on the sale of its equity method investment in Ascendance (see Note 4). The sale was a taxable transaction to AgeX generating a taxable gain of approximately $2.2 million. AgeX had sufficient current year losses from operations to offset the entire gain resulting in no income taxes due. At the close of the merger, $955,000 of cash that otherwise would have been payable to the Ascendance stockholders on a pro rata basis based on share ownership was deposited into an escrow account where it was held through the term of the escrow, which expired in June 2019. The funds were held in the escrow account to cover certain potential indemnity payments and other obligations that might arise after the merger. During 2019, the escrow funds were paid to the former Ascendance shareholders and AgeX received $354,000 as its pro rata share of the funds as additional proceeds from the sale of its Ascendance investment (see Note 4). AgeX has sufficient current year losses from operations to offset this gain resulting in no income taxes due.

As further discussed in Note 1, on August 30, 2018, Lineage consummated the sale of 14,400,000 shares of AgeX common stock to Juvenescence. AgeX received no proceeds from that transaction because the shares sold were owned by Lineage. Prior to the transaction, Juvenescence owned 5.6% of AgeX’s issued and outstanding common stock. Upon completion of the transaction, Lineage’s ownership in AgeX was reduced from 80.4% to 40.2% of AgeX’s issued and outstanding shares of common stock, and Juvenescence’s ownership in AgeX was increased from 5.6% to 45.8% of AgeX’s issued and outstanding shares of common stock. Accordingly, since August 31, 2018, AgeX has not been included in Lineage’s consolidated federal and state income tax returns and AgeX has filed its own, standalone income tax returns with its subsidiaries.

Beginning in 2018, the 2017 Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (“2017 Tax Act”) subjects a U.S. stockholder to tax on Global Intangible Low Tax Income “GILTI” earned by certain foreign subsidiaries. In general, GILTI is the excess of a U.S. shareholder’s total net foreign income over a deemed return on tangible assets. The provision further allows a deduction of 50% of GILTI, however this deduction is limited to the company’s pre-GILTI U.S. income. For the year ended December 31, 2019, AgeX’s foreign income inclusion was less than the deemed return on tangible assets, therefore no GILTI was included in income for 2019. For the three months ended March 31, 2020, AgeX’s foreign entity operated at a loss, therefore no GILTI was included in income for the first quarter of 2020. Current interpretations under ASC 740 state that an entity can make an accounting policy election to either recognize deferred taxes for temporary basis differences expected to reverse as GILTI in future years or to provide for the tax expense related to GILTI in the year the tax is incurred as a period expense. AgeX has elected to account for GILTI as a current period expense when incurred.

For the three months ended March 31, 2020, AgeX experienced a domestic loss from continuing operations and a foreign loss, therefore no income tax provision was recorded for the three months ended March 31, 2020.

Due to losses incurred for all periods presented, AgeX did not record a domestic provision or benefit for income taxes. A valuation allowance is provided when it is more likely than not that some portion of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. AgeX established a full valuation allowance for all of its domestic deferred tax assets for all periods presented due to the uncertainty of realizing future tax benefits from its net operating loss carryforwards and other deferred tax assets.

8. Supplemental Cash Flow Information

Non-cash investing and financing transactions presented separately from the condensed consolidated statements of cash flows for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019 are as follows (in thousands):

9. Commitments and Contingencies

Lease Agreement

On April 2, 2019, the term of a sublease that AgeX entered into during March 2019 (the “AgeX Lease”) went into effect for an office and research facility (the “New Facility”) comprising approximately 23,911 square feet of space in a building in an office and research park at 965 Atlantic Avenue, Alameda, California that serves as AgeX’s principal offices and research laboratory.

Base monthly rent is $35,866.50 for the initial 12 months of the sublease term and then will increase to $36,942.50. In addition, AgeX will pay real property taxes, insurance and operating expenses pertaining to the building in which the New Facility is located. The AgeX Lease will expire on December 31, 2020.

AgeX is responsible for the maintenance and repair of the New Facility, including electrical, plumbing, HVAC and other systems serving the New Facility but excluding structural and other external portions of the building in which the New Facility is located, and other external areas such as parking, landscaping and walkways associated with the building.

In connection with the AgeX Lease, as of March 31, 2020, AgeX incurred $436,000 in tenant improvement expenses that it funded and completed in November 2019. This amount is being amortized over the remaining lease term.

Sublease

During 2019, AgeX, as a sublessor, entered into sublease agreements (the “AgeX Subleases”) with unrelated parties (the “Sublessees”) to lease approximately 11,121 square feet of space at AgeX’s New Facility. The first Sublessee will pay AgeX $3,088.50 per month and the second Sublessee will pay AgeX $15,405.40 per month for the first twelve months of the AgeX Sublease and $16,311.60 per month for the duration of the AgeX Subleases. The AgeX Subleases which will expire on December 31, 2020. The Sublessee will also be responsible to reimburse AgeX for Sublessees’ pro rata portion of the maintenance and repair of the New Facility.

ASC 842

AgeX adopted ASC 842 in 2019. The tables below provide the amounts recorded following the adoption of ASC 842 as of, and during, the three months ended March 31, 2020, for the AgeX Lease. AgeX recorded a right-of-use asset of $726,000 and a right-of-use liability for the same amount for the AgeX Lease in April 2019, which is considered a noncash investing activity.

The following table presents supplemental cash flow information related to the AgeX Lease for the three months ended March 31, 2020 (in thousands):

The following table presents supplemental balance sheet information related to the AgeX Lease as of March 31, 2020 (in thousands, except lease term and discount rate):

The following table presents future minimum lease commitments as of March 31, 2020 (in thousands):

Litigation – General

AgeX is subject to various claims and contingencies in the ordinary course of its business, including those related to litigation, business transactions, employee-related matters, and others. When AgeX is aware of a claim or potential claim, it assesses the likelihood of any loss or exposure. If it is probable that a loss will result and the amount of the loss can be reasonably estimated, AgeX will record a liability for the loss. If the loss is not probable or the amount of the loss cannot be reasonably estimated, AgeX discloses the claim if the likelihood of a potential loss is reasonably possible and the amount involved could be material. AgeX is not aware of any claims likely to have a material adverse effect on its financial condition or results of operations.

Employment Contracts

AgeX has entered into employment contracts with certain executive officers. Under the provisions of the contracts, AgeX may be required to incur severance obligations for matters relating to changes in control, as defined, and involuntary terminations.

Indemnification

In the normal course of business, AgeX may provide indemnifications of varying scope under AgeX’s agreements with other companies or consultants, typically for AgeX’s pre-clinical programs. Pursuant to these agreements, AgeX will generally agree to indemnify, hold harmless, and reimburse the indemnified parties for losses and expenses suffered or incurred by the indemnified parties arising from claims of third parties in connection with AgeX’s pre-clinical programs. Indemnification provisions could also cover third-party infringement claims with respect to patent rights, copyrights, or other intellectual property pertaining to AgeX’s pre-clinical programs. AgeX has also agreed to indemnify the sublessor and owner of the New Facility with respect to certain matters that may arise during the term of the AgeX Lease. The term of these indemnification obligations will generally continue in effect after the termination or expiration of the particular research, development, services, license, or lease agreement to which they relate. The potential future payments AgeX could be required to make under these indemnification agreements will generally not be subject to any specified maximum amount. Historically, AgeX has not been subject to any claims or demands for indemnification. AgeX also maintains various liability insurance policies that limit AgeX’s financial exposure. As a result, AgeX believes the fair value of these indemnification agreements is minimal. Accordingly, AgeX has not recorded any liabilities for these agreements as of March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019.

10. Subsequent Events

Draw under New Loan Agreement

On April 1, 2020 AgeX drew $500,000 against the $8.0 million line of credit, and may draw additional funds from time to time subject to Juvenescence’s discretion, prior to the Repayment Date on March 30, 2023. AgeX may not draw down funds if an “Event of Default” under the New Loan Agreement has occurred and is continuing and AgeX may not draw down more than $1 million in any single draw.

PPP Loan

On April 13, 2020, AgeX obtained a loan in the amount of $432,952 from Axos Bank (the “Bank”) under the Paycheck Protection Program (the “PPP Loan”). The PPP loan will bear interest at a rate of 1% per annum. No payments will be due on the PPP loan during a six month deferral period commencing on the date of the promissory note. Commencing one month after the expiration of the deferral period, and continuing on the same day of each month thereafter until the maturity date of the PPP loan, monthly payments of principal and interest will be due, in an amount required to fully amortize the principal amount outstanding on the PPP loan by the maturity date. The maturity date is April 13, 2022.

The principal amount of the PPP loan is subject to forgiveness under the PPP to the extent that PPP loan proceeds are used to pay expense permitted by the PPP, including payroll, rent, and utilities (collectively, “Qualifying Expenses”), during the time frame permitted by the PPP. AgeX intends to use the PPP loan amount for Qualifying Expenses. However, no assurance is provided that AgeX will obtain forgiveness of the loan in whole or in part.

Staff Reductions

During April 2020, AgeX initiated staff layoffs that affected 12 employees, primarily research and development personnel. AgeX has paid approximately $105,000 in accrued payroll and unused paid time off and other benefits and expects to recognize approximately $194,800 in restructuring charges in connection with the reduction in staffing, consisting of contractual severance and other employee termination benefits, substantially all of which are expected to be settled in cash. The staff reductions followed AgeX’s strategic review of its operations, giving consideration to the status of its product development programs, human resources, capital needs and resources, and current conditions in the capital markets resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic.

Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

The matters addressed in this Item 2 that are not historical information constitute “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, including statements about any of the following: any projections of earnings, revenue, cash, effective tax rate, use of net operating losses, or any other financial items; the plans, strategies and objectives of management for future operations or prospects for achieving such plans, and any statements of assumptions underlying any of the foregoing. Any statements contained herein that are not statements of historical fact may be deemed to be forward-looking statements. Without limiting the foregoing, the words “believes,” “anticipates,” “plans,” “expects,” “seeks,” “estimates,” and similar expressions are intended to identify forward-looking statements. While AgeX may elect to update forward-looking statements in the future, it specifically disclaims any obligation to do so, even if the AgeX estimates change and readers should not rely on those forward-looking statements as representing AgeX views as of any date subsequent to the date of the filing of this Quarterly Report. Although we believe that the expectations reflected in these forward-looking statements are reasonable, such statements are inherently subject to risks and AgeX can give no assurances that its expectations will prove to be correct. Actual results could differ materially from those described in this report because of numerous factors, many of which are beyond the control of AgeX. A number of important factors could cause the results of the company to differ materially from those indicated by such forward-looking statements, including those detailed under the heading “Risk Factors” in this Form 10-Q, our Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019, and our other reports filed with the SEC from time to time.

The following discussion should be read in conjunction with AgeX’s condensed consolidated interim financial statements and the related notes provided under “Item 1- Financial Statements” above.

Critical Accounting Policies

This Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations discusses and analyzes data in our unaudited condensed consolidated interim financial statements, which we have prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles. Preparation of the financial statements requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenue and expenses, and related disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities. Management bases its estimates on historical experience and on various other assumptions that it believes to be reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. Senior management has discussed the development, selection and disclosure of these estimates with the Audit Committee of our Board of Directors. Actual conditions may differ from our assumptions and actual results may differ from our estimates.

An accounting policy is deemed critical if it requires an accounting estimate to be made based on assumptions about matters that are highly uncertain at the time the estimate is made, if different estimates reasonably could have been used, or if changes in the estimate are reasonably likely to occur, that could materially impact the financial statements. Management believes that there have been no significant changes during the three months ended March 31, 2020 to the items that we disclosed as our critical accounting policies and estimates in Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019, except as disclosed in Note 2 of our condensed consolidated interim financial statements included elsewhere in this Report.

Results of Operations

Comparison of Three Months Ended March 31, 2020 and 2019

Revenues and Cost of Sales

The amounts in the table below show our consolidated revenues by source and cost of sales for the periods presented (in thousands).

* Not meaningful.

Our revenues were primarily generated by LifeMap Sciences, as subscription and advertisement revenues from its GeneCards^® online database. Subscription and advertisement revenues amounted to $338,000 and $345,000 for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively.

During the three months ended March 31, 2020, we recognized income of approximately $86,000 and $15,000, respectively, from a grant from the NIH. Other revenues of $91,000 for the three months ended March 31, 2020 were generated entirely from non-recurring service revenues associated with LifeMap Sciences’ online database business primarily related to its GeneCards^® database.

Cost of sales for the three months ended March 31, 2020 as compared to the same period in 2019 decreased by $29,000 primarily due to decrease in the fixed annual royalties on the GeneCards^® online database from $179,000 in 2019 to $132,000 in 2020.

Operating Expenses

We have made certain adjustments to our operating plans and budgets to reduce our cash expenditures in order to extend the period over which we can continue our operations with our available cash resources. These adjustments entailed a staff force reduction, primarily research and development personnel effective May 1, 2020. As a result of those staff reductions and related adjustments to our operating budgets we expect that our operating expenses, particularly those related to research and development, for periods after March 31, 2020 will be lower than our expenses for the three months ended March 31, 2020 shown in this Report. However, we paid approximately $105,000 in accrued payroll and unused paid time off and other benefits, and we expect to recognize approximately $194,800 in restructuring charges in connection with the reduction in staffing, consisting of contractual severance ,substantially all of which are expected to be settled in cash, which will be reflected in our operating results for the second quarter of 2020.

The following table shows our consolidated operating expenses for the periods presented (in thousands).

Research and development expenses

Research and development expenses increased by $0.3 million to $1.6 million during the three months ended March 31, 2020 from $1.3 million during the same period in 2019. The increase was primarily attributable to an increase of $0.2 million in scientific consultants, $0.2 million in laboratory facilities and equipment related expenses and maintenance, $0.1 million in personnel related expenses allocable to research and development, and $0.1 million in depreciation and amortization of laboratory equipment and improvements. These increases were offset to some extent by a decrease of $0.3 million in shared services from Lineage with the termination of the Shared Facilities and Services Agreement on September 30, 2019.

The following tables show the amounts and percentages of our total research and development expenses allocated to our primary research and development programs during the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019 (amounts in thousands).

General and administrative expenses

The following tables show the amount of general and administrative expenses of AgeX and named subsidiaries during the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019 (in thousands):

General and administrative expenses for the three months ended March 31, 2020 of $2.1 million is consistent with the same period in 2019 despite bearing the full lease and facilities related costs since April 2019, and an increase in head count with the employment of its own finance team since October 1, 2019. These increases were offset by a decrease in shared facilities and services fees from Lineage following the termination of the Shared Facilities and Services Agreement on September 30, 2019.

Other income (expense), net

Other income and expenses, net, in 2020 and 2019 consist primarily of net foreign currency transaction gains and losses recognized by LifeMap Sciences for intercompany payables and receivables denominated in currency other than United States dollars, gain on disposition of assets, and interest income and interest expense, net.

Income taxes

For Federal and California purposes, our activity through August 30, 2018 was included in Lineage’s federal consolidated and California combined tax returns. For the three months ended March 31, 2020, the provision for income taxes has been presented on a separate federal consolidated tax return and a California combined tax return using the separate return method, as we will file separately from Lineage for periods after August 30, 2018, the date in which Lineage deconsolidated AgeX as discussed in Note 7 to our condensed consolidated interim financial statements included elsewhere in this Report.

Beginning in 2018, the 2017 Tax Act subjects a U.S. stockholder to tax on Global Intangible Low Tax Income “GILTI” earned by certain foreign subsidiaries. In general, GILTI is the excess of a U.S. shareholder’s total net foreign income over a deemed return on tangible assets. The provision further allows a deduction of 50% of GILTI, however this deduction is limited to the company’s pre-GILTI U.S. income. For the year ended December 31, 2018, we included an immaterial amount of GILTI in U.S. gross income related to LifeMap Sciences, Ltd., which was fully offset by current year operating losses. For the year ended December 31, 2019, our foreign income inclusion was less than the deemed return on tangible assets, therefore no GILTI was included in income for 2019. For the three months ended March 31, 2020, AgeX’s foreign entity operated at a loss, therefore no GILTI was included in income for the first quarter of 2020. Current interpretations under ASC 740 state that an entity can make an accounting policy election to either recognize deferred taxes for temporary basis differences expected to reverse as GILTI in future years or to provide for the tax expense related to GILTI in the year the tax is incurred as a period expense. We have elected to account for GILTI as a current period expense when incurred.

For the three months ended March 31, 2020, AgeX experienced a domestic loss from continuing operations and a foreign loss, therefore no income tax provision was recorded for the three months ended March 31, 2020.

Due to losses incurred for all periods presented, we did not record a domestic provision or benefit for income taxes. A valuation allowance will be provided when it is more likely than not that some portion of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. We established a full valuation allowance for all domestic deferred tax assets for the periods presented due to the uncertainty of realizing future tax benefits from our net operating loss carryforwards and other deferred tax assets.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

Operating Losses and Going Concern Considerations

We have incurred operating losses and negative cash flows since inception and had an accumulated deficit of $89.4 million as of March 31, 2020. We expect to continue to incur operating losses and negative cash flows.

We have made certain adjustments to our operating plans and budgets to reduce our projected cash expenditures in order to extend the period over which we can continue our operations with our available cash resources. These adjustments entailed a staff force reduction, primarily research and development personnel, that will require the deferral of certain work on the development of our product candidates and technologies. We incurred certain expenses arising from the staff reduction, including severance expenses as disclosed in Note 10 to our condensed consolidated interim financial statements included elsewhere in this Report. However, notwithstanding those adjustments, based on our most recent projected cash flows, our cash and cash equivalents and potential additional loans that may become available to us from Juvenescence under the Secured Convertible Facility Agreement (the “New Loan Agreement”), and the proceeds of a PPP Loan discussed in Note 10 to our condensed consolidated interim financial statements,, would not be sufficient to satisfy our anticipated operating and other funding requirements for the next twelve months from the date of filing of this Report. These factors raise substantial doubt regarding our ability to continue as a going concern. See Notes 4 and 9 to our condensed consolidated interim financial statements included elsewhere in this Report for additional information about our loan agreements with Juvenescence. We will need to raise additional capital in the near term to be able to meet our operating expenses.

We have borrowed an initial $500,000 under the New Loan Agreement, but all additional loans to us from Juvenescence under the New Loan Agreement are subject to Juvenescence’s discretion, and accordingly there is no assurance that we will be able to borrow additional funds under the New Loan Agreement when we need funding for our operations. The New Loan Agreement prohibits us and our subsidiaries ReCyte Therapeutics and Reverse Bio from borrowing funds or engaging in certain other transactions without the consent of Juvenescence unless we repay all amounts owed to Juvenescence under the New Loan Agreement and the $2 million we owe under the August 2019 Loan Facility Agreement discussed in Note 4 to our condensed consolidated interim financial statements. The New Loan Agreement also requires AgeX and the Guarantor Subsidiaries to grant Juvenescence a security interest and lien on substantially all of our respective assets if AgeX makes more than two draws of funds (generally meaning if AgeX borrows more than $1,000,000). These factors and the impact of dilution through the issuance of shares of our common stock and warrants under other provisions of the New Loan Agreement could make AgeX less attractive to new equity investors and could impair our ability to finance our operations or the operations of our subsidiaries unless Juvenescence agrees, in its discretion, to lend us funds under the New Loan Agreement. We do not have any other committed sources of funds for additional financing.

To the extent that we are able to raise additional capital from sources other than the New Loan Agreement, such as through the sale of AgeX equity or convertible debt securities or the sale of equity or convertible debt securities of any of our subsidiaries, the ownership interest of our present stockholders will be diluted, and the terms of any securities we or our subsidiaries issue may include liquidation or other preferences that adversely affect the rights of our common stockholders. Additional debt financing, if available, may involve agreements that include covenants limiting or restricting our ability to take specific actions, such as incurring additional debt, making capital expenditures or declaring dividends, and may involve the issuance of convertible debt or stock purchase warrants that would dilute the equity interests of our stockholders. The New Loan Agreement requires us to issue shares of our common stock and common stock purchase warrants to Juvenescence in total amounts that will vary depending on the amount of funds we borrow, the market price of our common stock, and in the case of issuances of common stock, whether Juvenescence elects to convert any portion of the outstanding loan balance into common stock. See “Risk Factors” and Note 9 to our condensed consolidated interim financial statements. If we raise funds through additional strategic partnerships or licensing arrangements with third parties, we may have to relinquish valuable rights to our technologies, future revenue streams, research programs or product candidates or to grant licenses on terms that may not be favorable to us.

Cash used in operating activities

During the three months ended March 31, 2020, our total research and development expenses were $1.6 million and our general and administrative expenditures were $2.1 million. Net loss attributable to us for the three months ended March 31, 2020 amounted to $3.2 million. Net cash used in operating activities during this period amounted to $2.1 million. The difference between the net loss attributable to us and net cash used in operating activities during the three months ended March 31, 2020 was primarily attributable to the following non-cash items: $0.5 million net change in working capital from operating activities; $0.4 million in depreciation and amortization; and $0.3 million in stock-based compensation expense. These expenses were offset to some extent by $35,000 in net loss attributable to noncontrolling interest.

Cash provided by in investing activities

During the three months ended March 31, 2020, net cash used in investing activities amounted to $4,000, which was paid entirely for the purchase of laboratory equipment.

Cash provided by financing activities

During the three months ended March 31, 2020, net cash provided by financing activities amounted to $0.2 million, which was attributable to the draw of the remaining $0.2 million from the $2.0 million loan facility provided by Juvenescence during August 2019.

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

As of March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, we did not have any off-balance sheet arrangements, as defined in Item 303(a)(4)(ii) of SEC Regulation S-K.

Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk

Under SEC rules and regulations, as a smaller reporting company, we are not required to provide the information required by this item.

Item 4. Controls and Procedures

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

It is management’s responsibility to establish and maintain adequate internal control over all financial reporting pursuant to Rule 13a-15 under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (“Exchange Act”). Our management, including our principal executive officer and principal financial officer, have reviewed and evaluated the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures as of the end of the period covered by this report. Following this review and evaluation, the principal executive officer and principal financial officer determined that our disclosure controls and procedures are effective to ensure that information required to be disclosed by us in reports that we file or submit under the Exchange Act (i) is recorded, processed, summarized, and reported within the time periods specified in SEC rules and forms, and (ii) is accumulated and communicated to management, including our principal executive officer, and principal financial officer, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.

Changes in Internal Controls

There were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the period covered by this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

PART II - OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1. Legal Proceedings.

From time to time, we may be involved in routine litigation incidental to the conduct of our business. We are not presently involved in any material litigation or proceedings, and to our knowledge no material litigation or proceedings are contemplated.

Item 1A. Risk Factors

Our business, financial condition, results of operations and future growth prospects are subject to various risks, including those described in Item 1A “Risk Factors” of our Annual Report on Form 10-K, filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on March 30, 2020 (the “2019 Form 10-K”), which we encourage you to review. There have been no material changes from the risk factors disclosed in the 2019 Form 10-K, except as follows:

We need additional financing to execute our operating plan and continue to operate as a going concern.

As required under Accounting Standards Update 2014-15, Presentation of Financial Statements-Going Concern (ASC 205-40), we have the responsibility to evaluate whether conditions and/or events raise substantial doubt about our ability to meet our future financial obligations as they become due within one year after the date the financial statements are issued. Based on our most recent projected cash flows, we believe that our cash and cash equivalents, even with the New Loan Agreement from Juvenescence and the proceeds of a Paycheck Protection Program loan, would not be sufficient to satisfy our anticipated operating and other funding requirements for the next twelve months from the date of filing of this Report. These factors raise substantial doubt regarding our ability to continue as a going concern and the report of our independent registered public accountants accompanying our audited financial statements in this Report contains a qualification to such effect. Because we will continue to experience net operating losses, our ability to continue as a going concern is subject to our ability to obtain necessary capital from outside sources, including obtaining additional capital from the sale of our equity securities or assets, obtaining additional loans from financial institutions or investors, and entering into collaborative research and development arrangements or licensing some or all of our patents and know-how to third parties while retaining a royalty and other contingent payment rights related to the development and commercialization of products covered by the licenses. Our continued net operating losses and the risks associated with the development of our product candidates and technologies, and our deferral of in-house development of certain product candidates and technologies in connection with recent reductions in staffing, will increase the difficulty in obtaining such capital, and there can be no assurances that we will be able to obtain such capital on favorable terms or at all. If we are unable to raise capital when needed, we may be forced to delay, reduce or eliminate our research and development activities, or ultimately not be able to continue as a going concern.

Our ability to continue the development of our product candidates and technologies will be adversely impacted by budget constraints and the reduction in staffing that eliminated most of our research personnel.

We have made certain adjustments to our operating plans and budgets to reduce our cash expenditures in order to extend the period over which we can continue our operations with our available cash resources. These adjustments entailed a staff force reduction, primarily research and development personnel effective May 1, 2020. These budgetary and personnel adjustments will result in the deferral of in-house work on the development of our therapy product candidates and our iTR technology, and may also lead to outsourcing of some of that work, until further funding, whether by financing or research grants, can be obtained to rebuild a research and development staff for one or more of those programs. We may seek to enter into collaborative research and development or licensing arrangements for our technology and therapy product candidates, but if we are able to enter into any such arrangements, it is likely that we would receive significantly less revenue than we would receive if we were to successfully develop and market products on our own, or if we were to enter into such arrangements when our technologies and product candidates are at a later stage of development.

Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds

None.

Item 3. Default Upon Senior Securities

None.

Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures

Not Applicable.

Item 5. Other Information

Not Applicable

Item 6. Exhibits

* Filed herewith

SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.