Ainos, Inc. - Annual Report: 2017 (Form 10-K)

U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission

Washington, D.C. 20549

Form 10-K

(Mark One)

Securities registered under Section 12(b) of the Exchange Act:

None.

Securities registered under Section 12(g) of the Exchange Act:

Common Stock, Par Value $.01

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act.  [  ] Yes   [√] No

Indicate by check mark whether the issuer is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Exchange Act.  [  ] Yes   [√] No

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Exchange Act of 1934 during the past 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.  [√ ] Yes   [ ] No

Indicate by check mark if there is no disclosure of delinquent filers in response to Item 405 of Regulation S-K (Sec.229.405 of this chapter) is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of registrant's knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this Form 10-K.  [√ ]

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, and accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company.  See definitions of "large accelerated filer," "accelerated filer" and "smaller reporting company" in rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Indicate by checkmark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act).      [  ] Yes   [√] No

As of December 31, 2017, there were outstanding 23,156,563 shares of the registrant's common stock, par value $.01, which is the only class of common or voting stock of the registrant. As of that date, the aggregate market value of 7,678,601 shares of common stock held by non-affiliates of the registrant (based on the closing price of $0.28 for the common stock on the OTC BB.AMAR December 31, 2017) was approximately $2,150,008. Shares of common stock held by officers, directors and each shareholder owning ten percent or more of the outstanding common stock have been excluded in that such persons may be deemed to be affiliates.

The number of shares of the Registrant's common stock outstanding as of April 17, 2018 was 24,243,261.

PART I

The following contains forward-looking statements that involve risks and uncertainties. The Company's actual results could differ materially from those discussed in the forward-looking statements as a result of certain factors, including those set forth in "Management's 2018 Plan of Operations" as well as those discussed elsewhere in this Form 10-K. The following discussion should be read in conjunction with the Financial Statements and the Notes thereto included elsewhere in this Form 10-K.

ITEM 1.

BUSINESS.

General

We are a Texas corporation formed in 1984 that is engaged in developing biologics for the treatment of human and animal diseases. Our current focus is research aimed at the treatment of human disease indications, particularly influenza, hepatitis C, thrombocytopenia, and other indications using natural human interferon alpha that is administered in a proprietary low dose oral form.

We currently own or license five issued patents, three in the U.S., and one in Taiwan, all related to the low-dose oral delivery of interferon and we own one issued patent on our dietary supplement, Maxisal^®.  In our history, we have completed more than 100 pre-clinical (animal) and human studies on the safety and efficacy of low-dose orally administered interferon.  On October 31, 2013, Amarillo Biosciences, Inc., (ABI) filed a voluntary petition in the Bankruptcy Court for the Northern District of Texas, for protection under Chapter 11 of Title 11 of the U.S. code.  The Company successfully reorganized both organizationally and financially and exited bankruptcy in January of 2015.

In addition to the core technology discussed in the first paragraph of this section, ABI is currently working at instituting new revenue streams along with the core technology thus expanding the Company's current focus into a diversified business portfolio.

Current Status

The Company completely reorganized and was restructured into three business units: the Medical, Pharmaceutical, and Consumer Product Divisions. Historically, the Company has focused on R&D involving low-dose, orally administered lozenges containing interferon-alpha as a treatment for a variety of conditions. Under the leadership of Dr. Stephen T. Chen, ABI began its new life with a valuable intellectual property portfolio including five issued patents and a trademark.  Additionally, ABI has a library of almost thirty years of scientific and clinical data on the human and animal applications of low dose oral interferon. Through the Pharmaceutical Product Division along with technology and know-how available in the collection of intellectual property as well as the proprietary research history, ABI will out-license, or leverage, its core technology and form partnerships with other pharmaceutical companies to develop new discoveries and commercialize the resulting products.

An integral part of the ABI Operating Plan is to create multiple revenue streams through the implementation of programs (including but not limited to in-licensing) of medical and health care products and processes. The Medical Division and Consumer Products Division will facilitate the enhancement of those revenue streams. These programs will be the catalyst which allows ABI to enter markets in Taiwan, Hong Kong, China, and other Asian countries for the distribution of these new medical and health care products. Already, the Medical Division is preparing to deploy unique metabolic treatment centers in Taiwan beginning sometime in the third quarter of 2018. These health care clinics will provide novel therapies for the management of diabetes and other endocrine diseases to relieve the negative impact and complications of human metabolic disorders. Therapies and treatments provided by the clinics are intended to reduce human suffering and manage health care costs through reduction in the need for expensive medical procedures and medications ultimately resulting in the decrease of the number and frequency of costly emergency room visits and subsequent patient hospital admissions.  It is also anticipated that a reduction in the length of the hospital stays would occur. Likewise, the Consumer Product Division is presently working on multiple endeavors. First, this ABI division will offer a unique proprietary liposomal delivery system for nutraceuticals and food supplements such as Vitamin C, Glutathione, CoQ10, Curcumin/Resveratrol, DHA, and a Multi-Vitamin. Additionally, the liposomal delivery system can be topically used to administer quality skin care products. Next, Consumer Products has commenced negotiations to import and distribute to the Asian markets a unique natural resource product which can be modified for human, animal, or agricultural applications.

The overall operating strategy is for ABI to create a world-wide network of strategic alliances capitalizing on advanced and emerging technologies in order to engineer a diversified enterprise having a major impact on every aspect of the healthcare and life sciences industries; and assemble an exhaustive pipeline of technologically-advanced, cutting edge products and services with which to compete in the American and Asian markets. To support this strategy, ABI has opened a branch office, its Asian Operations Center (AOC) in order to increase the Company's presence in Taiwan and to access growing Asian markets.

Core Technology

Injectable interferon is FDA-approved to treat some neoplastic, viral and autoimmune diseases.  Many patients experience moderate to severe side effects, causing them to discontinue injectable interferon therapy. Our core technology is a natural human interferon alpha that is delivered into the oral cavity as a lozenge in low (nanogram) doses. The lozenge dissolves in the mouth where interferon binds to surface (mucosal) cells in the mouth and throat, resulting in stimulation of immune mechanisms.  Orally delivered interferon has been shown to activate hundreds of immune system genes in the peripheral blood.  Human studies have shown that oral interferon is safe and effective against viral and autoimmune diseases. Oral interferon is given in concentrations 10,000 times less than that usually given by injection. The Company's low dose formulation results in almost no side effects, in contrast to high dose injectable interferon, which causes adverse effects in at least 50% of recipients.

The Company also has a dietary supplement product, Maxisal^® that is useful in the symptomatic relief of dry mouth.

Governmental or FDA approval is required for low dose oral interferon.  Our progress toward approval is discussed under each specific indication, below.

We believe that our technology is sound and can be commercialized.  Due to occurrences in the interferon market over the past several years, we have been unsuccessful at such commercialization.

Interferon Supply

The Company's long-time human interferon producer is no longer able to provide the essential supply of interferon.  Without the interferon, the Company is unable to continue its research, conduct clinical trials, and ultimately unable to commercialize a product.  Options available to ABI to find a suitable interferon source include:  (1) locating a laboratory/production facility that could follow the same path and development model for natural human interferon which was viable for the Company in the past; (2) restart the process from the original cell line and develop the natural human interferon in the laboratory on a commercial level; or (3) select the best source of recombinant interferon which can be developed for the Company's goals.  The Company is exploring its options to determine the optimal choice of interferon supplies to commercialize the products.

Regardless of which interferon source is selected, numerous studies and clinical trials will have to be performed.  Although repeating the studies will be both costly and time consuming, the Company will be able to use the thirty years of data that has been previously generated from the numerous studies performed using the original natural human interferon source.  Rather than having to start from the very beginning, the Company will be able to make good use of its history, past results, and data library to employ previously successful developmental models and minimize the trial-and-error searching present in commercial research.

While the pharmaceutical industry is creating and marketing new and effective anti-viral medications, ABI believes that there is still sufficient time to develop and commercialize low dose interferon for treatment of such diseases as Influenza, Chronic Cough in COPD, Hepatitis B, C, and D, Sjogren's Syndrome, and Thrombocytopenia caused by other diseases and as a side effect of treatment of other diseases.  The Company also has the opportunity to capitalize on its new access to the Far Eastern markets to explore sources of raw materials, capital, production facilities, and new customers.

Patents and Proprietary Rights

Since inception, the Company has worked to build an extensive patent portfolio for low-dose orally administered interferon. This portfolio consists of patents with claims that encompass method of use or treatment, and/or composition of matter and manufacturing. As listed below, we presently own or license five issued patents, including one patent on our dietary supplement.

ACTIVE PATENTS:

Patents with Method of Treatment Claims for Interferon Alpha

1.  "TREATMENT OF FIBROMYALGIA WITH LOW DOSE INTERFERON" as described and claimed in U.S. Patent No. 6,036,949 issued March 2000, Owned. Expiration: March 2018.¹

2.  "TREATMENT OF THROMBOCYTOPENIA USING ORALLY ADMINISTERED INTERFERON" as described and claimed in U.S. Patent No. 9,526,694 B2 issued December 27, 2016, Owned. Expiration: April 2033.

"TREATMENT OF THROMBOCYTOPENIA USING ORALLY ADMINISTERED INTERFERON" as described and claimed in U.S. Patent No. 9,750,786 B2 issued September 5, 2017, Owned. Expiration: April 2033.

"TREATMENT OF THROMBOCYTOPENIA USING ORALLY ADMINISTERED INTERFERON" as described and claimed in U.S. Patent No. 9,839,672 B2 issued December 12, 2017, Owned. Expiration: April 2033.

3.  "TREATMENT OF THROMBOCYTOPENIA USING ORALLY ADMINISTERED INTERFERON" as described and claimed in TAIWAN Patent No. I592165 issued July 21, 2017, Owned. Expiration: May 2033.

Patents with Formulation Claims

4.  "INTERFERON DOSAGE FORM AND METHOD THEREFOR" as described and claimed in U.S. Patent No. 6,372,218 B1 issued April 2002, Licensed. Expiration: April 2019.

 

5.  "COMPOSITION AND METHOD FOR PROMOTING ORAL HEALTH" as described and claimed in U.S. Patent No. 6,656,920 B2 issued December 2003, Owned. Expiration: April 2021.

There are no current patent litigation proceedings involving us.

Cost of Compliance with Environmental Regulations

We incurred no costs to comply with environment regulations in 2017.

Competition

The pharmaceutical industry is an expanding and rapidly changing industry characterized by intense competition. We believe that our ability to compete will be dependent in large part upon our ability to successfully operate the newly reorganized business, bring in new business lines, continue recapitalization, redevelop and test our products and continually enhance and improve our products and leverage our core technologies. In order to do so, we must effectively utilize and expand our research and development capabilities and, once developed, expeditiously convert new technology into products and processes, which can be commercialized. Competition is based primarily on scientific and technological superiority, technical support, availability of patent protection, access to adequate capital, the ability to develop, acquire and market products and processes successfully, the ability to obtain governmental approvals and the ability to serve the particular needs of commercial customers.  Corporations and institutions with greater resources than us, therefore, have a significant competitive advantage. Our potential competitors include entities that develop and produce therapeutic agents for treatment of human and animal disease. These include numerous public and private academic and research organizations and pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies pursuing production of, among other things, biologics from cell cultures, genetically engineered drugs and natural and chemically synthesized drugs. Almost all of these potential competitors have substantially greater capital resources, research and development capabilities, manufacturing and marketing resources and experience than us. Our competitors may succeed in developing products or processes that are more effective or less costly than any that may be developed by us or that gain regulatory approval prior to our products.  We also expect that the number of competitors and potential competitors will increase as more interferon alpha products receive commercial marketing approvals from the FDA or analogous foreign regulatory agencies. Any of these competitors may be more successful than us in manufacturing, marketing and distributing its products. There can be no assurance that we will be able to compete successfully.

United States Regulation

Before products with health claims can be marketed in the United States, they must receive approval from the FDA. To receive this approval, any drug must undergo rigorous preclinical testing and clinical trials that demonstrate the product candidate's safety and effectiveness for each indicated use. This extensive regulatory process controls, among other things, the development, testing, manufacture, safety, efficacy, record keeping, labeling, storage, approval, advertising, promotion, sale, and distribution of pharmaceutical products.

In general, before any ethical pharmaceutical product can be marketed in the United States, the FDA will require the following process:

1 This patent expired subsequent to the Balance Sheet Date of December 31, 2017.  Although the patent has expired, the science behind the patent continues to render the Company's technology as viable technology for the application to and the treatment of Fibromyalgia.

Substantial financial resources are necessary to fund the research, clinical trials, and related activities necessary to satisfy FDA requirements or similar requirements of state, local, and foreign regulatory agencies. At such time as ABI undertakes to commercialize any of its products, all necessary preclinical testing, clinical trials, data review, and approval steps will be judiciously executed to insure that the product satisfies all regulatory requirements at all levels.

ABI has historically followed and will continue to follow the traditional approval process for New Drugs as set out in Section 505(b)(1) of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act. If an alternative path to FDA approval for new or improved formulations of previously approved products is scientifically and economically feasible and beneficial to the Company and the public, ABI may choose to follow this alternative path as established by section 505(b)(2) of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act. This section of the Act permits the applicant to rely on certain preclinical or clinical studies conducted for an approved product as some of the information required for approval and for which the applicant has not obtained a right of reference.  The process of approval under 505(b)(2) will be followed as judiciously as 505(b)(1) or any regulation.

Orphan Drug Designation

Under the Orphan Drug Act, the FDA may grant orphan drug designation to drugs intended to treat a rare disease or condition, which is generally a disease or condition that affects fewer than 200,000 individuals in the United States. ABI may choose to seek approval for a product satisfying the definition of and Orphan Drug if that product can be used to treat such an indication.  Orphan drug designation does not convey any advantage in or shorten the duration or rigidity of the regulatory review and approval process.

Foreign Regulation

In addition to regulations in the United States, a variety of foreign regulations govern clinical trials and commercial sales and distribution of products in foreign countries. Whether or not the Company obtains FDA approval for a product, the Company must obtain approval of a product by the comparable regulatory authorities of foreign countries before the Company can commence clinical trials or market the product in those countries. The approval process varies from country to country, and the time may be longer or shorter than that required for FDA approval. The requirements governing the conduct of clinical trials, product licensing, pricing and reimbursement vary greatly from country to country.

The policies of the FDA and foreign regulatory authorities may change and additional government regulations may be enacted which could prevent or delay regulatory approval of investigational drugs or approval of new diseases for existing products and could also increase the cost of regulatory compliance. It is not possible to predict the likelihood, nature or extent of adverse governmental regulation that might arise from future legislative or administrative action, either in the United States or abroad.

Research and Development

During the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, the Company did not incur any research and development expenses. An integral part of the reorganization process has been to refocus and realign research and development activities.  If a satisfactory replacement source of interferon is located and will serve the goals of the Company, adequate funds to conduct research and development will be allocated.  These research activities include revitalization of the Company's core technology.  Additionally, any number of other attractive technologies might be investigated.

Employees

The Company has 3 full-time employees and 1 part-time employee. Of these employees, 2 are executive officers and 2 work in administrative and research and development capacities; although no costs of these employees are currently allocated to research and development. Consultants in business and research development are also engaged as needed.  Additionally, on January 1, 2018, a full-time employee began work in the capacity of the Branch Manager and Business Development Director for the ABI Branch Office in Taiwan.  The Taiwan Branch Office serves the Company's Asian markets.  Prior to this date, the aforementioned individual executed these positions on a consulting basis.

Our executive and administrative offices are located at 4134 Business Park Drive, Amarillo, Texas in a 1,800 square-foot facility rented by us. The lease expires on June 30, 2018 and our monthly rent is $1,090 per month. We believe that the facilities are well maintained and generally suitable and adequate for our current and projected operating needs.

There are currently no legal proceedings involving the Company.

None.

PART II

ITEM 5.

MARKET FOR THE REGISTRANT'S COMMON EQUITY AND RELATED SHAREHOLDER MATTERS, AND ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES.

Common Stock

The Company is presently traded on the OTC Bulletin Board under the symbol AMAR.  Our common stock is presently considered a "penny stock" and is subject to such market rules. The range of high and low bids as quoted on the OTC Bulletin Board for each quarter of 2017 and 2016 were as follows:

The quotations reflect inter-dealer bids without retail markup, markdown, or commission, and may not represent actual transactions. As of December 31, 2017, the Company had approximately 1,687 shareholders of record.

Common Stock Issued in 2017		Shares				Issue Price				Net Price
Private placements – cash			770,000			$	0.1875-			$	144,375
Finder Fees – shares paid			57,000			$	0.1875-			$	10,688
Stock Grant – compensation			413,420			$	0.2572	2		$	106,250
Total Common Stock Issued in 2017			1,240,420			$	0.2107	3		$	261,313

Common Stock Issued in 2016		Shares				Issue Price				Net Price
Private placements – cash			1,771,333			$	0.1875			$	332,125
Total Common Stock Issued in 2016			1,771,333			$	0.1875			$	332,125

*All options went through a 1-for-19 reverse split in November 2014, as part of the plan of reorganization.

No warrants were exercised in 2017 or 2016.

A summary of the Company's stock warrant activity and related information for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016 is as follows:

*All options went through a 1-for-19 reverse split in November 2014, as part of the plan of reorganization.

As of December 31, 2017, the Company has an outstanding balance of $4,097 for a financing agreement for the periodic payment of Directors & Officers Liability Insurance premium for 2017 – 2018.  The terms of the agreement are as follows:  Payee – CAA Premium Finance, LLC; Effective Date – May 1, 2017; Total Premiums - $59,500; Cash Down Payment - $15,625 (paid to DFB Insurance Group/Amarillo); Amount Financed - $43,875; Annual Percentage Rate – 5.39%; Finance Charge - $1,191 Total Payments - $45,066; Periodic Payment - $4,097; Number of Payments – 11 (eleven); First Payment June 1, 2017.

Convertible Notes Payable and Other Related Party Transactions

As of December 31, 2016, the Company carried the following Convertible Notes Payable to Dr. Stephen T. Chen, Chairman, CEO, and President.

5 Short Term Applicable Federal Rate

All of the Notes are unsecured. The Notes are convertible into ABI Common Voting Shares which are issued as restricted stock pursuant to SEC Rule 144.  The shares must be held for a minimum of six (6) months before they can be sold or otherwise traded.  Other restrictions might apply.

On May 25, 2017, a Convertible Promissory Note in the amount of $70,000 was issued to Dr. Chen in exchange for the aggregated amounts of three cash advances.  The Convertible Note is due on demand, is unsecured, bears interest at the Short-Term Applicable Federal Rate of .86% per annum, and is convertible into ABI common stock at a stock price of $.1875 per share.

On September 1, 2017, a Convertible Promissory Note in the amount of $25,000 was issued to Dr. Chen in exchange for one cash advance.  The Convertible Note is due on demand, is unsecured, bears interest at the Short-Term Applicable Federal Rate of .96% per annum, and is convertible into ABI common stock at a stock price of $.1875 per share.

As of December 31, 2017, the Company continued to have five convertible promissory notes payable to Dr. Steven T. Chen, ABI Chairman, CEO, and President.  Interest has been accrued through the end of the fiscal year.  The total principal and interest outstanding on December 31, 2017, was $895,434.

Subsequent to the Balance Sheet Date, the following related party transactions occurred:  January 18, 2018 – Tendered check #1729 to Stephen Chen in the amount of $25,083.  Dr. Chen demanded payment in full of the principal, $25,000, and accrued interest.  Dr. Chen was paid accrued interest through December 31, 2017 in the amount of $80.22 and through payment date in the amount of $3.29.

March 9, 2018 – Tendered check #1760 to Stephen Chen in the amount of $173,734.  This consisted of a demand payment in full of the $70,000 note which was $70,000 principal, accrued interest through December 31, 2017, of $362.86, and accrued interest through payment date of $112.14.  Additionally, the amount included a principal demand payment of $100,000 against the note for $384,555 and accrued interest through December 31, 2018, for $2,461.17 and accrued interest through payment date for $798.44.

On May 23, 2016, Amarillo Biosciences, Inc. ("ABI"), the Principal, entered into an Agency and Service Agreement with ACTS Global Healthcare, Inc. ("ACTS Global"), a Taiwan Corporation, the Agent. ABI advances funds to ACTS Global to be utilized and /or expended by ACTS Global solely as instructed by ABI.  Additional advances may be made by ABI to ACTS Global as necessary.  For their services, ACTS Global, is be paid by ABI, one percent (1%) of the Principal's services expended by the Agent at the Principal's direction. Any other services rendered by the Agent will be paid for by the Principal based on comparable and/or reasonable values of the service rendered.  As of December 31, 2017, a balance of $58,135 is in the ACTS Global account for the benefit of the Company, which is included on the Company Balance Sheet in Advance to Related Party.

6 Short Term Applicable Federal Rate

7 If no demand is made, then the note matures on May 25, 2018.

8 If no demand is made, then the note matures on September 1, 2018.

Other Related Party Transactions

On September 29, 2017, the Company wired cash funds in the amount of $13,000 to CTBC Bank Co Ltd in Taipei, Taiwan for the purpose of funding a cash account for the Company to begin direct branch business operations in the country.  The minimum deposit amount required to open the account was NTD 300,000 which at the time was equivalent to $10,000 (USD).  The Company wired $13,000 to the bank to minimize currency translation risk and to cover all necessary fees deducted from the transfer leaving the minimum amount required to open such an account in Taiwan for foreign branch operations.  The net amount of the transfer left on deposit was $9,897.40 after receiving a return of cash in the amount of $3,102.60

ABI has established a branch office in Taiwan which will conduct Company operations for the Asian markets.  The operating account for the branch has not yet been opened, although as stated above, the security capital has been posted.  The Company will continue its Agency Agreement until the operating account is approved.  It is anticipated that the branch office will be fully operational prior to the end of second fiscal quarter.

On February 2, 2018, 1,000,000 shares were issued at $.1875 per share for a total price of $187,500 to Stephen T. Chen in exchange for operating funds previously advanced to the Company during the period from March 18, 2016, through April 7, 2016.  These funds were transferred in through an account in Hong Kong.

This item is not applicable to smaller reporting companies.

ITEM 7.

MANAGEMENT DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OR PLAN OF OPERATION:

The following discussion should be read in conjunction with our financial statements and the notes thereto which appear elsewhere in this report.  The results shown herein are not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected in any future periods.  This discussion contains forward-looking statements based on current expectations, which involve uncertainties.  Actual results and the timing of events could differ materially from the forward-looking statements as a result of a number of factors.  Readers should also carefully review factors set forth in other reports or documents that we file from time to time with the Securities and Exchange Commission.

The Company's goal is to expand the reach of its research, development, and marketing of biopharmaceutical, biotechnical, health and life science related products.  ABI will continue to leverage its core technology going forward by using its thirty years of scientific and clinical data to establish interferon-alpha lozenges as a therapeutic agent for conditions such as influenza, hepatitis C, and various causes of thrombocytopenia just to name a few.  The Company is committed to expanding its business operations from the currently narrow focus to encompass a wide variety of licensing, partnerships, and development opportunities in the aforementioned sectors. This commitment extends not only to the U.S., but to Taiwan, China, and other Asian Countries.

Company Management and Employees. On December 31, 2017, ABI had four employees, five directors, and three consultants. Presently, ABI has four employees, five directors, and two consultants. The employees include the following persons:

Stephen T. Chen:

Dr. Chen was named Chairman of the Board in February 2012, and he has been a director of the Company since February 1996. He currently executes the management functions as not only Chairman, but Chief Executive Officer (CEO), President, and Chief Operating Officer. He has been President and Chief Executive Officer of STC International, Inc., a health care investment firm, since May 1992. Dr. Chen has over thirty years of international business experience, including an extensive background in pharmaceutical product acquisition and licensing, development of joint venture agreements, execution of business strategy, and leadership of start-up companies in the pharmaceutical, biotechnology and nutraceutical industries. Dr. Chen has held executive positions in R&D and business development at several major pharmaceutical companies, including Borroughs Wellcome (presently GlaxoSmithKline), Miles Pharmaceuticals (presently Bayer), ICI America (presently AstraZeneca), and Ciba-Geigy (presently Novartis). He received a Ph.D. in Industrial & Physical Pharmacy from Purdue University in 1977.

Bernard Cohen:

Chief Financial Officer (CFO). Mr. Cohen holds BBA and MPA degrees from West Texas A&M University. He is a long time Amarillo resident with over thirty years of management experience. Mr. Cohen has been with ABI since October 2009. Mr. Cohen works with Ms. Shelton and provides reporting necessary for ABI's various SEC filings, and he also provides ordinary-course internal bookkeeping and accounting services.

Chrystal Shelton:

Office manager and administrative support. Ms. Shelton has been with ABI since 1987. In addition to handling routine office administration, Ms. Shelton is familiar with the form and format of SEC filings and interacts with outside professionals who assist ABI in its various compliance measures.  She is an integral part of the reporting process.

Edward L. Morris:

JD, Secretary and General Counsel. Mr. Morris practiced law in Amarillo, Texas, prior to his retirement from full time practice in 2011. His practice included substantial time devoted to corporate and securities law, including services for ABI. Mr. Morris was graduated from Yale College before obtaining his law degree from Harvard Law School.

Maggie Wang:

Asian markets branch manager and Business Development Director.  Ms. Wang has an extensive background in business development and marketing of consumer products in Asian countries. Ms. Wang coordinates information between the ABI office and the Asian Operations Center.

Directors.  The board of directors of ABI consists of the following persons: Stephen T. Chen, Ph.D., Yasushi Chikagami, Daniel Fisher, and Nicholas Moren.

Consultants.  From time to time, the Company engages consultants as needed for specific areas of responsibility.  Presently, the Company has engaged the following consultants:  Dr. Yung-Hsiang Hung – Medical Affairs Director; and Dr. Ching-Yuan Lee, Director of Research and Development. Ms. Maggie Wang, Business Development Manager.

Assets, Liquidity, and Capital.  ABI holds various patents and related intellectual property, which are described earlier in this document.

At December 31, 2017, we had available cash of $1,980,015 whereas we had a cash position of $134,125 as of December 31, 2016. The Company had working capital deficit of $1,010,176 at the end of fiscal year 2016.  For 2017, working capital was $261,412.  The burn rate is between $50,000 and $60,000 per month.  The Company is striving to establish new revenue streams and to return to the status of a going concern by having reduced operating losses and subsequently becoming profitable.  As indicated throughout this document, two other major goals of ABI are to (1) leverage the core technology, low-dose oral interferon, and (2) diversify Company operations to incorporate additional lines of business which will extend the reach of ABI into additional economic sectors such as biotech / bio-pharmaceutical / health care products and life sciences business.  ABI aggressively seeks to monetize its existing and any newly developed intellectual property. ABI estimates its immediate development financing needs to be between $1,000,000 and $1,600,000.

Dr. Chen and the present management team will continue to operate ABI.

Pending Litigation

To the best of management's knowledge, the Company does not believe that there is any pending litigation against ABI.

Comparison of results for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2017, to the fiscal year ended December 31, 2016.

Revenues.   Revenue for 2017 was $250,928 for a sale of metabolic treatment equipment to one customer. There was no  revenue in 2016.  Gross profit for 2017 is $190,612.

Selling, General and Administrative Expenses.  Costs were up in 2017.  Selling, General and Administrative expenses increased from $667,111 for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2016 to $770,375 for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2017, an increase of $103,264 or approximately 15%. Increases in the following expense accounts were the main constituents of the increase in Selling, General, and Administrative expenses: Project exploration expense increased $10,841, salaries & compensation-restricted stock grant increased $71,010 (28%), fund raising fees were $10,688 (100%) and meals increased $9,905 (85%).

Net Loss.  Net loss for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2017 was $617,375 compared to net loss of $669,982 for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2016, a difference of $52,607 or approximately 8%.

Not applicable to a "smaller reporting company" as defined in Item 10(f)(1) of SEC Regulation.

The financial statements of the Company are set forth beginning on page F-1 immediately following the signature page of this report.

None.

Disclosure Controls and Procedures

At the end of the period covered by this Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended  December 31, 2017 an evaluation was carried out under the supervision of and with the participation of our management, including the Chief Executive Officer ("CEO") and Chief Financial Officer ("CFO"), of the effectiveness of the design and operations of our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rule 13a-15(e) and Rule 15d-15(e) under the Exchange Act). Based on that evaluation, the CEO and the CFO have concluded that as of the end of the period covered by this Annual Report, our disclosure controls and procedures were not effective in ensuring that: (i) information required to be disclosed by us in reports that we file or submit to the SEC under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in applicable rules and forms and (ii) material information required to be disclosed in our reports filed under the Exchange Act is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our CEO and CFO, as appropriate, to allow for accurate and timely decisions regarding required disclosure.

 

Changes to Internal Controls and Procedures over Financial Reporting

There were no changes in our internal controls over financial reporting that occurred during the annual period covered by this report that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

Management's Remediation Plans

Our management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles ("GAAP"). Management has assessed the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting based on the criteria set forth by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission ("COSO") in Internal Control-Integrated Framework. A material weakness, as defined by SEC rules, is a control deficiency, or combination of control deficiencies, such that there is a reasonable possibility that a material misstatement of the annual or interim financial statements will not be prevented or detected on a timely basis. The material weaknesses in internal control over financial reporting that were identified are:

a) We did not maintain sufficient personnel with an appropriate level of technical accounting knowledge, experience, and training in the application of GAAP commensurate with our complexity and our financial accounting and reporting requirements. We have limited experience in the areas of financial reporting and disclosure controls and procedures. Also, we do not have an independent audit committee. As a result, there is a lack of monitoring of the financial reporting process and there is a reasonable possibility that material misstatements of the financial statements, including disclosures, will not be prevented or detected on a timely basis; and

b) Due to our small size, we do not have a proper segregation of duties in certain areas of our financial reporting process. The areas where we have a lack of segregation of duties include cash receipts and disbursements, approval of purchases and approval of accounts payable invoices for payment. This control deficiency, which is pervasive in nature, results in a reasonable possibility that material misstatements of the financial statements will not be prevented or detected on a timely basis.

c) We do not have sufficient controls over authorization and documentation of revenue and equity transactions.

As a result of the existence of these material weaknesses as of December 31, 2017, management has concluded that we did not maintain effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2017, based on the criteria set forth by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO) in Internal Control-Integrated Framework.

This annual report does not include an attestation report of the Company's independent registered public accounting firm regarding internal control over financial reporting. Management's report was not subject to attestation by our independent registered public accounting firm pursuant to temporary rules of the SEC that permit the company to provide only management's report in this annual report.

Changes to Internal Controls and Procedures over Financial Reporting

We intend that our internal control over financial reporting will be modified during our most recent year by adding additional advisors to address deficiencies in the financial closing, review and analysis process, which will improve our internal control over financial reporting.

Management's Remediation Plans

We will look to increase our personnel resources and technical accounting expertise within the accounting function as funds become available. Management believes that hiring additional knowledgeable personnel with technical accounting expertise will remedy the following material weakness: insufficient personnel with an appropriate level of technical accounting knowledge, experience, and training in the application of GAAP commensurate with our complexity and our financial accounting and reporting requirements.

PART III

As of December 31, 2017, the directors and executive officers of the Company were as follows:

(1)	Member of the Executive Committee.

Stephen Chen was named Chairman of the Board in February 2012 and has been a director of the Company since February 1996. He has been President and Chief Executive Officer of STC International, Inc., a health care investment firm, since May 1992. Dr. Chen has over thirty years of international business experience, including an extensive background in pharmaceutical product acquisition and licensing, development of joint venture agreements, execution of business strategy, and leadership of start-up companies in the pharmaceutical, biotechnology and nutraceutical industries. Dr. Chen has held executive positions in R&D and business development at several major pharmaceutical companies, including Burroughs Wellcome (presently GlaxoSmithKline), Miles Pharmaceuticals (presently Bayer), ICI America (presently AstraZeneca), and Ciba-Geigy (presently Novartis). He received a Ph.D. in Industrial & Physical Pharmacy from Purdue University in 1977.

Bernard Cohen was hired to be a Vice-President and Chief Financial Officer of the Company on October 1, 2009.  Mr. Cohen has been Director of Finance and Data Base Manager at the Harrington Regional Medical Center, Inc. (HRMCI), which is the management and development entity for the Harrington Regional Medical Center in Amarillo, Texas.  Previously, he held various executive positions at Colbert's of Amarillo, a department store.  His positions included:  Chief Executive Officer, Vice President, Chief Financial Officer, and Controller.  He has been a member of the Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center at Amarillo (TTUHSC) Institutional Review Board (IRB) where he reviewed clinical trial protocols to monitor the safety and protection of human research and testing subjects.  Neither HRMCI nor TTUHSC has any connection whatsoever with the Company.

Yasushi Chikagami was added to the board of directors in June 2012. Mr. Chikagami holds a B.S. Degree in Agricultural Engineering from National Taiwan University, and an M.S. Degree in Engineering from the University of Tokyo. Mr. Chikagami has principally been engaged in the technology industry during his business career, continues to serve on several boards, and is currently serving as Chairman for Arise Corporation (Taiwan), Good TV Broadcasting Corporation (Taiwan), and ZMOS Technology, Inc. (US).

Daniel Fisher was added to the board of directors in July 2015. Mr. Fisher is the co-founder, and President of Nano BioMed, Locust Valley, New York. The base technologies are licensed from The Albert Einstein College of Medicine. The licensed technologies are a drug delivery system for the delivery of nitric oxide. In addition, the company has licensed a magnetic nano drug targeting technology. Mr. Fisher negotiated the license from Einstein, closed the company's first sublicenses, arranged for investment financing, and developed the business plan. Mr. Fisher, co-founder of BioZone Laboratories, Inc., served as its President for 22 years. Based near San Francisco, California, BioZone specializes in research, development and manufacturing of products utilizing its drug delivery technologies. He was awarded three patents for his work with liposomal drug delivery technology. In addition, Mr. Fisher was president of Equalan Pharma LLC, which marketed GlyDerm professional skincare products to dermatologists and direct marketing companies. Prior to forming BioZone in 1989, Mr. Fisher's experience base included more than twenty years in sales and marketing management positions for consumer and technical product companies, including Dun & Bradstreet, General Foods Corporation and Control Data Corporation. His memberships include being the founding secretary of the Foundation for Global Skin Health Strategies. He holds a B.S. in Marketing from San Francisco State University.

Nicholas Moren was added to the board of directors in July 2015. Mr. Moren is currently retired. Prior to that he was a senior financial executive with several major public companies, including Loral Space & Communications, Inc., Transworld Corporation and Trans World Airlines, Inc. He brings with him extensive understanding and knowledge of a wide range of businesses, and substantial financial expertise and insightful perspectives relating to economic, financial and business conditions acquired during more than 20 years of serving as a senior executive. He received a B.A. in Engineering from Brown University and a M.B.A. from Wharton Graduate Division, University of Pennsylvania.

The Company's directors are elected at the annual meeting of shareholders to hold office until the annual meeting of shareholders for the ensuing year or until their successors have been duly elected and qualified. Directors receive compensation of $1,000 per day for attendance at meetings, $250 per day for regularly scheduled teleconference meetings, and are reimbursed for any out-of-pocket expenses in connection with their attendance at meetings.

Officers are elected annually by the Board of Directors and serve at the discretion of the Board.

Audit Committee

The Bylaws provided for the appointment of members to the Board of Directors when and as necessary.  As the Company progresses and achieves operational goals and addition revenue producing businesses, it is anticipated that the Audit Committee will resume its function.  While there have been no changes in internal controls, the Company continually reviews all existing internal controls.  From time to time, the Company contracts Ms. Brianne Braudt, an independent internal control auditor who consults with the Company on its existing internal controls and possible changes or augmentations to those controls.

Code of Ethics

The Company's Code of Ethics may be found on the Company's website, www.amarbio.com.

Compliance with Section 16(a) Beneficial Ownership Reporting Compliance

Section 16(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the "Exchange Act") requires directors and officers of the Company and persons who own more than 10 percent of the Company's common stock to file with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the "Commission") initial reports of ownership and reports of changes in ownership of the common stock. Directors, officers and more than 10% shareholders are required by the Exchange Act to furnish the Company with copies of all Section 16(a) forms they file.

To the Company's knowledge based solely on a review of the copies of such reports furnished to the Company, the following persons have failed to file, on a timely basis, the identified reports required by the Exchange Act during the most recent fiscal year:

The following table sets forth for the three years ended December 31, 2017 compensation paid by the Company to its Chairman of the Board and Chief Executive Officer; to its Chief Operating Officer and Director of Research; to its Vice President of Clinical and Regulatory Affairs and  to its Vice President and Chief Financial Officer.

*All existing employee options have expired. No additional new options were issued.

**At a Special Meeting of the Board of Directors on December 21, 2016, the BOD voted to give Dr. Chen a bonus of $25,000 payable in cash and $35,500 payable in shares, the shares to be issued in 2017.

***At a Special Meeting of the Board of Directors on December 21, 2016, the BOD voted to give Mr. Cohen a bonus of $12,500 payable in cash and $5,000 payable in shares, the shares to be issued in 2017.

      Bernard Cohen was paid $793 of the $13,222 owed to him for unpaid wages at the time of the bankruptcy. This amount represents the 6% payout rate of a class four claim.

Option Grants in 2017

There were no options granted to the executive officers named above, during 2017.

Director Compensation for Last Fiscal Year

Directors receive $1,000 compensation for attendance at directors' meetings and $250 for regularly scheduled teleconference meetings. There were no regularly scheduled meetings during 2017.

No director agreements were executed in 2017.

As of December 31, 2017, there were 23,156,563 shares of the Company's common stock outstanding. The following table sets forth as of December 31, 2017, the beneficial ownership of each person who owns more than 5% of such outstanding common stock:

(1) Applicable percentage ownership is based on 23,156,563 shares of common stock (outstanding and reserved for note conversions) as of December 31, 2017, plus the additional shares that the stockholder is deemed to beneficially own.  Beneficial ownership is determined in accordance with the rules of the Securities and Exchange Commission and generally includes voting or investment power with respect to securities. Shares of common stock that are currently exercisable or exercisable within 60 days of December 31, 2017, are deemed to be beneficially owned by the person holding such securities for the purpose of computing the percentage of ownership of such person, but are not treated as outstanding for the purpose of computing the percentage ownership of any other person.

The following table sets forth the beneficial ownership of the Company's stock as of December 31, 2017 by each executive officer and director and by all executive officers and directors as a group:

(1) Applicable percentage ownership is based on 38,823,759 shares of common stock (outstanding and reserved for note conversions) as of December 31, 2017, plus the additional shares that the stockholder is deemed to beneficially own.  Beneficial ownership is determined in accordance with the rules of the Securities and Exchange Commission and generally includes voting or investment power with respect to securities. Shares of common stock that are currently exercisable or exercisable within 60 days of December 31, 2017, are deemed to be beneficially owned by the person holding such securities for the purpose of computing the percentage of ownership of such person, but are not treated as outstanding for the purpose of computing the percentage ownership of any other person.

(2)  Includes 3,391,252 shares owned by Dr. Chen, 683,801 shares owned by STC International, Inc., which Dr. Chen is the majority owner and serves as Chairman, President and a Board member. Also includes 39,473 shares owned by ACTS Biosciences, Inc., which Dr. Chen serves as Chairman and a Board member and 157,216 shares owned by Virginia M. Chen IRA, Dr. Chen's spouse.  Includes 4,817,305 shares of common stock reserved for note conversions beneficially owned by Dr. Chen exercisable within 60 days.

(3)  Directors and officers percentage ownership is calculated based on 38,823,759 total shares (outstanding and reserved for note conversions) plus beneficial ownership.

Equity Compensation Plan Information

*       The Board of Directors has approved all stock, stock option and stock warrant issuances.

Historically, ABI has relied upon certain relationships which gave rise to related transactions. These relationships have helped ABI with financing, ingredients to potential products, research, and technology.  All future transactions and loans between the Company and its officers, directors and 5% shareholders will be on terms no less favorable to the Company than could be obtained from independent third parties. There can be no assurance, however, that future transactions or arrangements between the Company and its affiliates will be advantageous, that conflicts of interest will not arise with respect thereto or that if conflicts do arise, that they will be resolved in favor of the Company.

Currently there are no such arrangements that have not already been disclosed in this document.

The following summarizes the fees incurred by the Company during 2017 and 2016 for accountant and related services.

Audit Fees

All Other Fees

None.

Accountant Approval Policy

Before an accountant is engaged by the Company to perform audit or non-audit services, the accountant must be approved by the Company's Audit Committee, or the Executive Committee in the absence of an Audit Committee.

PART IV

EXHIBIT INDEX

*The Exhibit is incorporated by reference to the exhibit of the same number to the Company's Registration Statement on Form SB-2 filed with and declared effective by the Commission (File No. 333-4413) on August 8, 1996.

***The Exhibit is incorporated by reference to the Company's 1998 Annual Report on Form 10-KSB filed with the Commission on or before March 31, 1999.

(11) The Exhibit is incorporated by reference to the Company's Report on Form S-8 filed with the SEC on May 22, 2008.

SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the registrant and in the capacities and on the dates indicated.

Amarillo Biosciences, Inc.

Financial Statements

Years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016

LBB & ASSOCIATES LTD., LLP

7600 W. Tidwell, Suite 501

Houston, TX 77040

Phone: (713) 800-4343 Fax: (713) 456-2408

To the Board of Directors and
Stockholders of Amarillo Biosciences, Inc.

Opinion on the Financial Statements

We have audited the accompanying balance sheets of Amarillo Biosciences, Inc. (the Company) as of December 31, 2017 and 2016, and the related statements of operations, stockholders' equity (deficit), and cash flows for each of the years in the two-year period ended December 31, 2017, and the related notes  (collectively referred to as the financial statements). In our opinion, the financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of December 31, 2017 and 2016, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the years in the two-year period ended December 31, 2017, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.

Basis for Opinion

These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company's management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company's financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB) and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.

We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. The Company is not required to have, nor were we engaged to perform, an audit of its internal control over financial reporting. As part of our audits, we are required to obtain an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the Company's internal control over financial reporting. Accordingly, we express no such opinion.

Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.

As discussed in Note 1 to the financial statements, the Company's absence of significant revenues, recurring losses from operations, and its need for additional financing in order to fund its projected loss in 2018 raise substantial doubt about its ability to continue as a going concern.  These 2017 financial statements do not include any adjustments that might result from the outcome of this uncertainty.

Amarillo Biosciences, Inc.

Balance Sheets

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements.

Amarillo Biosciences, Inc.

Statements of Operations

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements.

Amarillo Biosciences, Inc.

Statements of Stockholders' Equity (Deficit)

Years Ended December 31, 2017 and 2016

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements.

Amarillo Biosciences, Inc.

Statements of Cash Flows

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements.

Amarillo Biosciences, Inc.

Notes to Financial Statements

December 31, 2017 and 2016

1. Organization and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Organization and Business

Amarillo Biosciences, Inc. (the "Company" or "ABI"), a Texas corporation formed in 1984, is engaged in developing biologics for the treatment of human and animal diseases.  The Company's current focus is research aimed at the treatment of human disease indications, particularly influenza, hepatitis C, thrombocytopenia, and other indications using natural human interferon alpha that is administered in a proprietary low dose oral form.  In addition to the above core technology, which is included in the Pharmaceutical Division, ABI is instituting a Medical Division and a Consumer Products Division that will serve Asian markets. The Company has established a branch office in Taiwan which will conduct Company operations for the Asian markets.

Going Concern

These financial statements have been prepared in accordance with United States generally accepted accounting principles, on a going concern basis, which contemplates the realization of assets and the satisfaction of liabilities and commitments in the normal course of business. The Company has not yet achieved operating income, and its operations are funded primarily from debt and equity financings. However, losses are anticipated in the ongoing development of its business and there can be no assurance that the Company will be able to achieve or maintain profitability.

The continuing operations of the Company and the recoverability of the carrying value of assets is dependent upon the ability of the Company to obtain necessary financing to fund its working capital requirements, and upon future profitable operations. The accompanying financial statements do not include any adjustments relative to the recoverability and classification of asset carrying amounts or the amount and classification of liabilities that might result from the outcome of this uncertainty.

There can be no assurance that capital will be available as necessary to meet the Company's working capital requirements or, if the capital is available, that it will be on terms acceptable to the Company. The issuances of additional equity securities by the Company may result in dilution in the equity interests of its current stockholders. Obtaining commercial loans, assuming those loans would be available, will increase the Company's liabilities and future cash commitments. If the Company is unable to obtain financing in the amounts and on terms deemed acceptable, the business and future success may be adversely affected and the Company may cease operations. These factors raise substantial doubt regarding our ability to continue as a going concern.

Fair Value of Financial Instruments

Under the Financial Account Standards Board Accounting Standards Codification ("FASB ASC"), we are permitted to elect to measure financial instruments and certain other items at fair value, with the change in fair value recorded in earnings. We elected not to measure any eligible items using the fair value option. Consistent with Fair Value Measurement Topic of the FASB ASC, we implemented guidelines relating to the disclosure of our methodology for periodic measurement of our assets and liabilities recorded at fair market value.

Fair value is defined as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. A three-tier fair value hierarchy prioritizes the inputs used in measuring fair value. The hierarchy gives the highest priority to unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities (level 1 measurements) and the lowest priority to unobservable inputs (level 3 measurements). These tiers include:

 

·

Level 1, defined as observable inputs such as quoted prices for identical instruments in active markets;

·

Level 2, defined as inputs other than quoted prices in active markets that are either directly or indirectly observable such as quoted prices for similar instruments in active markets or quoted prices for identical or similar instruments in markets that are not active; and

·

Level 3, defined as unobservable inputs in which little or no market data exists, therefore requiring an entity to develop its own assumptions, such as valuations derived from valuation techniques in which one more significant inputs or significant value drivers are unobservable.

 

Our Level 1 assets and liabilities primarily include our cash and cash equivalents. Valuations are obtained from readily available pricing sources for market transactions involving identical assets or liabilities. The carrying amounts of accounts receivable, accounts payable, accrued liabilities, and notes payable approximate fair value due to the immediate or short-term maturities of these financial instruments.

Stock-Based Compensation

Stock-based compensation expense is recorded in accordance with FASB ASC Topic 718, Compensation – Stock Compensation, for stock and stock options awarded in return for services rendered. The expense is measured at the grant-date fair value of the award and recognized as compensation expense on a straight-line basis over the service period, which is the vesting period. The Company estimates forfeitures that it expects will occur and records expense based upon the number of awards expected to vest.

Cash and Cash Equivalents

The Company classifies investments as cash equivalents if the original maturity of an investment is three months or less.

 

The Company recognizes revenue from equipment sales when persuasive evidence of an arrangement exists, the sales price is determinable, collection is reasonably assured, the equipment is shipped to the customer and title has transferred. The Company assumes no remaining significant obligations associated with the equipment sale.

 

Revenue in 2017 consists of a sale of metabolic treatment equipment to one customer.

Allowance for Doubtful Accounts

The Company establishes an allowance for doubtful accounts to ensure trade and notes receivable are not overstated due to uncollectability.  The Company's allowance is based on a variety of factors, including age of the receivable, significant one-time events, historical experience, and other risk considerations. The Company had no material accounts receivable and no allowance at December 31, 2017 and 2016.  No uncollectible accounts receivables were written off in 2017.

Inventory

Inventories are stated at the lower of cost or market. Cost is determined on a first-in, first-out basis. The Company continually assesses the appropriateness of inventory valuations giving consideration to slow-moving, non-saleable, out-of-date or close-dated inventory.

Property and Equipment

Property and equipment are stated on the basis of historical cost less accumulated depreciation.  Depreciation is provided using the straight-line method over the two to seven year estimated useful lives of the assets.

Patents and Patent Expenditures

ABI holds patent license agreements and holds patents that are owned by the Company. All patent license agreements remain in effect over the life of the underlying patents. Accordingly, the patent license fee is being amortized over the estimated life of the patent using the straight-line method. Patent fees and legal fees associated with the issuance of new owned patents are capitalized and amortized over the estimated 15 to 20 year life of the patent.  The Company continually evaluates the amortization period and carrying basis of patents to determine whether subsequent events and circumstances warrant a revised estimated useful life or impairment in value. To date, no such impairment has occurred. To the extent such events or circumstances occur that could affect the recoverability of our patents, we may incur charges for impairment in the future.

Long-lived Assets

Impairment losses are recorded on long-lived assets used in operations when indicators of impairment are present and the undiscounted cash flows estimated to be generated by those assets are less than the assets' carrying amount.  No impairment losses have been recorded since inception.

Income Taxes

The asset and liability approach is used to account for income taxes by recognizing deferred tax assets and liabilities for the expected future tax consequences of temporary differences between the carrying amounts and the tax bases of assets and liabilities. The Company records a valuation allowance to reduce the deferred tax assets to the amount that is more likely than not to be realized.

Research and Development

Research and development costs are expensed as incurred.  There were no Research and Development activities in 2017 or 2016.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

Basic and Diluted Net Income (Loss) Per Share

Net income (loss) per share is computed by dividing the net income (loss) by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding. For the year ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, options and warrants outstanding (if any) were antidilutive and not included in the calculation of fully diluted net income (loss) per share.

Concentration of Credit Risk

Financial instruments that potentially subject the Company to significant concentration of credit risk consist principally of cash.

The Company has cash balances in a single financial institution which, from time to time, could exceed the federally insured limit of $250,000.  No loss has been incurred related to this concentration of cash.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

In May 2014, the FASB issued ASU No. 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers, which requires an entity to recognize the amount of revenue to which it expects to be entitled for the transfer of promised goods or services to customers. The standard permits the use of either the retrospective or cumulative effect transition method. In August 2015, the FASB issued ASU No. 2015-14, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606): Deferral of the Effective Date, which deferred the effective date to periods beginning after December 15, 2017. Early adoption is permitted only as of annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2016. In December 2016, the FASB further issued ASU No. 2016-20, Technical Corrections and Improvements to Topic 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers, to increase stakeholders' awareness of the proposals and to expedite improvements to ASU 2014-09. The Company plans to adopt the standard using the modified retrospective approach. After assessing the new standard, the Company expects that there will be no material impacts to our revenue recognition procedures, except for information compilation for the new required disclosures.

2. Property, Equipment and Software, net

Property, equipment and software are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation and consist of the following at December 31, 2017 and 2016:

Depreciation expense amounted to $17,217 for the year ended December 31, 2017 and $9,270 for the year ended December 31, 2016 and is included in selling, general and administrative expenses.

3. Patents, net

Patents are stated at cost less accumulated amortization and consist of the following at December 31, 2017 and 2016:

Amortization expense amounted to $22,773 for the year ended December 31, 2017 and $16,686 December 31, 2016, respectively, and is included in selling, general and administrative expenses.

Estimated future amortization expense is as follows:

4. Convertible Notes Payable – Related Party

During the fiscal year ended December 31, 2016, a payable in the amount of $144,426 to Dr. Stephen T. Chen, Chairman, CEO and President of the Company, was exchanged for a convertible promissory note.  On March 18, 2016, Dr. Chen purchased a Convertible Promissory Note in the amount of $262,500 through the Company's Private Placement Convertible Note Security Offering entitled Private Placement 2016-1 (previously approved by the ABI Board of Directors on March 10, 2016).On June 30, 2016, a Convertible Promissory Note in the amount of $384,555 was issued to Dr. Chen in exchange for the aggregated amounts of two existing Notes Payable – Related Party.

All of the Notes are unsecured. The Notes are convertible into ABI Common Voting Shares which are issued as restricted stock pursuant to SEC Rule 144.  The shares must be held for a minimum of six (6) months before they can be sold or otherwise traded.  Other restrictions might apply.

On May 25, 2017, a Convertible Promissory Note in the amount of $70,000 was issued to Dr. Chen in exchange for the aggregated amounts of three cash advances.  The Convertible Note is due on demand, is unsecured, bears interest at the Short-Term Applicable Federal Rate of .86% per annum, and is convertible into ABI common stock at a stock price of $.1875 per share.

On September 1, 2017, a Convertible Promissory Note in the amount of $25,000 was issued to Dr. Chen in exchange for one cash advance.  The Convertible Note is due on demand, is unsecured, bears interest at the Short-Term Applicable Federal Rate of .96% per annum, and is convertible into ABI common stock at a stock price of $.1875 per share.

A discount of $28,200 related to the beneficial conversion feature was recorded and fully amortized in 2017 as interest expense.

The total principal and accrued interest outstanding on December 31, 2017, was $895,434.

As of December 31, 2017, the following notes issued to Dr. Chen were outstanding:

Subsequent to December 31, 2017, the Company paid the $70,000 and $25,000 notes in full along with accrued interest. In addition, the Company paid $100,000 of the $384,555 note along with related accrued interest.

5. Related Party Transactions

On May 23, 2016, Amarillo Biosciences, Inc. ("ABI"), the Principal, entered into an Agency and Service Agreement with ACTS Global Healthcare, Inc. ("ACTS Global"), a Taiwan Corporation, the Agent. ABI advances funds to ACTS Global to be utilized and /or expended by ACTS Global solely as instructed by ABI.  Additional advances may be made by ABI to ACTS Global as necessary.  For their services, ACTS Global, is be paid by ABI, one percent (1%) of the Principal's services expended by the Agent at the Principal's direction. Any other services rendered by the Agent will be paid for by the Principal based on comparable and/or reasonable values of the service rendered.  As of December 31, 2017, a balance of $58,135 is in the ACTS Global account for the benefit of the Company, which is included on the Company Balance Sheet in Advance to Related Party.

On December 20, 2016, effective January 1, 2017, the Board of Directors approved a resolution whereby Dr. Chen's annual compensation was changed to $90,000 cash per annum and $75,000 per annum payable in the Company's unregistered, voting common stock.  The Board also approved the change in compensation to Bernard Cohen to $65,000 cash per annum and $10,000 per annum payable

in the Company's unregistered, voting common stock. The cash compensation is to be paid on the normal payroll cycle of 15th and 31st of each month and stock compensation to be paid quarterly.  Shares are to be priced at the average of all trading day closing quotes on the OTC-BB for the month preceding date of issuance, with such shares to be issued on the first business day after the close of each calendar quarter or as soon thereafter as practicable.  During the period ended September 30, 2017, the Company has issued an aggregate of 535,525 shares of common stock valued at $122,500. As of September 30, 2017, the Company has accrued $21,250 in Accounts Payable and Accrued Expenses representing fourth quarter shares that have not been issued.

6. Common Stock

The Company has 100,000,000 shares of voting common shares authorized for issuance.  As of December 31, 2017, a total of 38,823,759 shares of common stock were either outstanding (23,153,563) or reserved for issuance upon quarterly distribution of the compensation stock grant, private placement investments, exercise of options⁹ or convertible debt (15,667,196).

During the first quarter of 2017, the Company sold 270,000 shares of common stock at $.1875 per share for proceeds of $50,625.  No stock was sold during the second quarter of 2017.  During third quarter of 2017, the Company sold 500,000 shares of common stock at $.1875 per share for aggregate proceeds of $93,750.  One of the investors was ABI Chairman, CEO, and President Dr. Stephen T. Chen purchasing 200,000 common shares at $.1875 per share for total proceeds of $37,500.

On January 3, 2017, Stephen T. Chen, CEO, and Bernard Cohen, CFO/VP, received 145,405 shares of common stock and 19,387 shares of common stock, respectively, as payment of a 2016 stock bonus totaling $42,500.  The stock was issued at a price of $.2579 per share pursuant to the Board of Directors resolution of December 20, 2016. The shares are recognized as stock compensation expense for the period ended December 31, 2016.

On April 7, 2017, Stephen T. Chen, CEO, and Bernard Cohen, CFO/VP, received 76,095 shares of common stock and 10,146 shares of common stock, respectively, as payment of a Q1 2017 stock bonus totaling $21,250.  The stock was issued at a price of $.2464 per share. The shares are recognized as stock compensation expense for the quarter ended March 31, 2017.

On July 7, 2017, Stephen T. Chen, CEO, and Bernard Cohen, CFO/VP, received 74,552 shares of common stock and 9,940 shares of common stock, respectively, as payment of a Q2 2017 stock bonus totaling $21,250.  The stock was issued at a price of $.2515 per share. The shares are recognized as stock compensation expense for the quarter ended June 30, 2017.

On October 6, 2017, Stephen T. Chen, CEO, and Bernard Cohen, CFO/VP, received 68,731 shares of common stock and 9,164 shares of common stock, respectively, as payment of a Q3 2017 stock bonus totaling $21,250.  The stock was issued at a price of $.2728 per share. The shares are recognized as stock compensation expense for the quarter ended September 30, 2017.

On August 1, 2017, 57,000 common shares were issued at of $.1875 per share representing payment of aggregate finders' fees in the amount of $10,688.

On September 9, 2017, the Company entered into a subscription agreement to sell 7,579,059 shares at $0.1875 per share in return for a total purchase price of $1,421,074.  The Company accepted a 10%

9 Currently there are no options outstanding.

deposit of $142,107 (757,904 shares) which was recorded on the balance sheet as Stock Subscription Deposit.  The balance of the investment, $1,278,967, was received on or about December 14, 2017.  The Company was notified that the shares were to be issued pursuant to a list of shareholders to be furnished by the subscriber.  The list was received subsequent to the balance sheet date, but not timely enough to issue the shares.  The shares will be issued on or about April 25, 2018.  Although the shares have not been issued, the investment is included in Equity for the year ended December 31, 2017, insomuch as the executed subscription and funds were received in 2017.

On November 23, 2017, $56,225 was received by the Company representing the net amount of a private placement investment in ABI Common Stock at $.1875 per share.  The total investment was to be $56,250, but there was an international wire fee of $25 charged by the Company's bank.  So that the investor would not be penalized, he will receive the total number of shares, 300,000 for his investment.  The executed subscription has not yet been received by the Company resulting in the cash transfer to be reflected on the December 31, 2017 balance sheet as a liability, "Prepayment of Private Placement".  The investment will be moved to equity upon receiving the executed subscription agreement and issuing the stock.

During the time period of December 14, 2017 through December 26, 2017, funds in the amount of $721,033 were received by the Company.  The funds were for a future investment in ABI Common Stock at $.25 per share.  The subscription for the 2,884,132 shares has not yet been received.  The funds were treated as a liability, "Prepayment of Private Placement", on the December 31, 2017, balance sheet.  The funds will not be moved to Equity until the investment is consummated and the shares issued.

During 2016, the Company received $187,500 from Stephen T. Chen for a private placement.  The funds were reflected as a liability on the December 31, 2016 balance sheet, Advances from Investors, because the executed subscription had not been received. During 2017, the executed documents were received and the funds were transferred to equity as a stock subscription.  On February 2, 2018, 1,000,000 shares were issued at $.1875 to Stephen T. Chen.

On October 26, 2017, the Board of Directors unanimously approved a Consent Resolution authorizing the Company to amend the Private Placement 2016-2 offering to be extended through April 26, 2018 and to offer an additional 5,000,000 shares at a price of $.1875 per share.  This amendment increased the aggregate offering amount to $2,812,500.  On October 31, 2017, the Company filed the requisite Form D disclosing the amendment.

Subsequent to December 31, 2017, on January 9, 2018, Stephen T. Chen, CEO, and Bernard Cohen, CFO/VP, received 79,499 shares of common stock and 10,199 shares of common stock, respectively, as payment of a fourth quarter 2017 stock bonus totaling $21,250.  The stock was issued at a price of $.2451 per share. The shares were recognized as stock compensation expense for the quarter ended December 31, 2017.

7.  Preferred Stock

The shareholders have authorized 10,000,000 shares of preferred stock shares for issuance.

No Preferred Equity was outstanding as of December 31, 2017 and 2016 and none is outstanding as of the date of this report.

At December 31, 2016, $34,279 of unpaid dividends have been accrued on Preferred Equity previously owned by Mr. Paul Tibbits, a stockholder and director.  The dividends accrued between the filling dates of the Company's Chapter 11 Bankruptcy, October 31, 2013, and the Effective Date of the Plan of Reorganization, November 20, 2014.

8. Stock Option and Stock Plans

*       The Board of Directors has approved all stock, stock option and stock warrant issuances.

9.  Stock Options and Warrants

Stock Options:

During 2017, no options or warrants were issued to consultants, advisors, directors, employees, or investors. Consequently, there were no related expenses.

Directors, officers and consultants did not exercise any options in 2017 or 2016, see table below.

A summary of the Company's stock option activity and related information for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016 is as follows:

Stock Warrants:

The Company had no warrant activity or related information for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016.

10.  Income Taxes

Income tax expense (benefit) attributable to income from continuing operations differed from the amounts computed by applying the U.S. Federal income tax of 34% to pretax income from continuing operations as a result of the following:

The tax effects of temporary differences that give rise to significant portions of the deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities at December 31, 2017 and 2016, are presented below:

At December 31, 2017, the Company has estimated net operating loss carryforwards of approximately $22,866,000 for federal income tax purposes expiring in 2017 through 2035. The ability of the Company to utilize these carryforwards may be difficult and directly dependent upon many factors outside of the Company's control, including, but not limited to, changes in the legal and regulatory framework and the operational and corporate structure of ABI and shareholders, or sales or transfers of stock by or among shareholders. For example, if ABI has experienced a change of control as defined in the relevant provisions of the IRC,¹⁰ the use of any existing tax attributes could be severely limited. ABI does not believe the reorganization has or will impair any tax attributes; however, obtaining value from the tax attributes is a function of the Company's return to profitable operations and the timeframe of that return. While we believe it is possible, there is no assurance that ABI will return to profitability in the future.

As of December 31, 2017, with few exceptions, the Company is no longer subject to U.S. Federal income tax examinations by tax authorities before 2014.

11. Commitments and Contingencies

Our executive and administrative offices are located at 4134 Business Park Drive, Amarillo, Texas in a 1,800 square-foot facility rented by the Company. The lease expires on June 30, 2018 and our monthly rent is $1,090 per month. During the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, the Company incurred $12,960 and $12,715 in rent expense, respectively.

The Company shares office space with ACTS Global Healthcare, Inc. in Taipei, Taiwan. The lease expires on October 31, 2018 and our monthly rent is NTD (New Taiwan Dollars) $65,000 per month. During the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, the Company incurred $21,774 and $41,889 in rent expense, respectively.

The Company is not a party to any litigation and is not aware of any pending litigation or unasserted claims or assessments as of December 31, 2017.

On March 28, 2018, the Company entered into employment contracts with Stephen T Chen, the Company's President and CEO; and with Bernard Cohen, the Company's Vice-President and CFO.  The contracts are identical except for job descriptions, duties and titles, and compensation amounts.  The contracts are for a three-year term, subject to earlier termination by the Company for certain acts of Employee constituting illegality or breach of fiduciary duty.  Compensation for Dr. Chen is set at $240,000 per annum in cash, payable bi-monthly, and $100,000 per annum payable in shares of the Company's unregistered, voting common stock.  Compensation for Mr. Cohen is set at $70,000 per annum in cash, payable bi-monthly, and $12,000 per annum payable in shares of the Company's unregistered, voting common stock.  Compensation under each contract may be adjusted by the Company in certain cases involving disability of the employee, and the contracts may be terminated by the Company in the event of an employee's permanent and total disability.

Each contract provides that the Employee shall devote his entire productive time, ability, attention and energies to the business of the Company.  In addition, the contracts protect the property rights of the Company, including inventions and other intellectual property, trade secrets, and proprietary information.  The contracts also prohibit Employee from competing directly or indirectly with the business of the Company or its controlled subsidiaries, both during the term of the contracts, and continuing for a period of three years after termination of the contracts.  Employees are permitted, however, to invest without restriction in professionally managed mutual funds, and to purchase and own stock and other securities as long as the affected Employee is not directly or indirectly an affiliate of the issuer of such stock or other securities.

12. Subsequent Events

In January 2018, the Company issued a total of 86,698 shares of common stock at $.2451 per share as payment for the fourth quarter 2017 compensation bonus for Dr. Stephen T. Chen, and Bernard Cohen.

On February 2, 2018, 1,000,000 shares were issued to Stephen T. Chen for a $187,500 subscription previously received.

¹⁰ See 26 U.S.C. § 382 (known as Section 382 of the IRC) and related regulations.