Air Transport Services Group, Inc. - Annual Report: 2020 (Form 10-K)
UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM 10-K
☒ ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2020
☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the transition period from ________ to ________
Commission file number 000-50368
________________________________________________________________
Air Transport Services Group, Inc.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
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| Delaware | 26-1631624 | |||||||
| (State of Incorporation) | (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.) | |||||||
145 Hunter Drive, Wilmington, OH 45177
(Address of principal executive offices)
937-382-5591
(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)
________________________________________________________________
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Exchange Act:
| Title of each class | Trading Symbol | Name of each exchange on which registered | ||||||||||||
| Common Stock, par value $0.01 per share | ATSG | NASDAQ Stock Market LLC | ||||||||||||
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Exchange Act: None
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes ☒ No ☐
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act. Yes ☐ No ☒
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulations S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☒ No ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company” and "emerging growth company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one):
| Large accelerated filer | ☒ | Accelerated filer | ☐ | Smaller reporting company | ☐ | ||||||||||||
| Non-accelerated filer | ☐ | Emerging growth company | ☐ | ||||||||||||||
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has filed a report on and attestation to its management’s assessment of the effectiveness of its internal control over financial reporting under Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (15 U.S.C. 7262(b)) by the registered public accounting firm that prepared or issued its audit report. ☒
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act). Yes ☐ No ☒
The aggregate market value of the voting and non-voting common equity held by non-affiliates computed by reference to the price at which the common equity was last sold, as of the last business day of the registrant’s most recently completed second fiscal quarter: $1,298,013,542.
As of March 1, 2021, there were 59,563,415 shares of the registrant’s common stock outstanding.
DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE
Portions of the Proxy Statement for the Annual Meeting of Stockholders scheduled to be held May 26, 2021 are incorporated by reference into Parts II and III.
FORWARD LOOKING STATEMENTS
This annual report on Form 10-K, including “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations,” in Item 7, contains forward-looking statements, within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995, that involve risks and uncertainties. Forward-looking statements provide current expectations of future events based on certain assumptions and includes any statement that does not directly relate to any historical or current fact. Forward-looking statements can also be identified by words such as “future,” “anticipates,” “believes,” “estimates,” “expects,” “intends,” “plans,” “predicts,” “will,” “would,” “could,” “can,” “may,” and similar terms. Forward-looking statements are not guarantees of future performance and the Company’s actual results may differ significantly from the results discussed in the forward-looking statements. Factors that might cause such differences include, but are not limited to, those discussed in “Risk Factors” in Item 1A. The Company assumes no obligation to revise or update any forward-looking statements for any reason, except as required by law.
AIR TRANSPORT SERVICES GROUP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
2020 FORM 10-K ANNUAL REPORT
TABLE OF CONTENTS
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| PART II | |||||||||||
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| Item 9A. | |||||||||||
| Item 9B. | |||||||||||
| PART III | |||||||||||
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| PART IV | |||||||||||
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| Item 16. | |||||||||||
PART I
ITEM 1. BUSINESS
Company Overview
Air Transport Services Group, Inc. leases aircraft and provides airline operations, ground handling services, aircraft modification and maintenance services, and other support services to the air transportation and logistics industries. We are a leading provider of aircraft leasing and air cargo transportation services in the United States and internationally. In addition, we are the largest provider of passenger charter service to the United States Department of Defense (“DoD”) and other governmental agencies. Our portfolio of freighter aircraft is focused on mid-sized air freighters, which is the category of choice for express and e-commerce driven regional air networks operating both within and outside the United States. Our freighter fleet is primarily Boeing 767 aircraft, which are in high demand because of their reliability, cubic cargo capacity and durable performance. (When the context requires, we may use the terms “Company,” "we," "our" and “ATSG” in this report to refer to the business of Air Transport Services Group, Inc. and its subsidiaries on a consolidated basis.)
Our customers consist of e-commerce companies, air express integrators, freight forwarders, airlines and governmental agencies. Our ability to offer our customers a bundle of customized and differentiated services, including aircraft leasing, airline express operations, line and heavy maintenance, freighter conversions, material handling equipment and ground handling services makes us unique from other service providers in the air transportation industry. Through our decades of experience with express network airline operations, we offer best-in-class, reliable services to customers including Amazon.com, Inc. (“Amazon”), DHL Network Operations (USA), Inc. and its affiliates (“DHL”), and United Parcel Service in addition to the DoD.
Our strategy targets opportunities primarily for medium range and medium capacity airlift by investing in the acquisition of used passenger aircraft. We convert most of these aircraft to a freighter configuration, where upon we lease the converted freighters to customers for operations in specific networks and regional geographies. We manage the conversion of passenger aircraft into freighters and bring freighter aircraft to market leveraging our decades of experience as an airline. As a result, the aircraft can be deployed into regional markets more economically than larger capacity aircraft, newly built aircraft or other competing alternatives. We customize the interiors of our passenger aircraft for the DoD and commercial customers. In 2017, we launched a joint venture to convert Airbus A321 passenger aircraft into freighters, which is intended to further support our ability to meet the growing demand worldwide for narrow body air freighters. We modify our level of investment in growth assets based on our perception of strength in market demand.
We are unique in our ability to offer a broad range of integrated, operational solutions to air cargo and express package transportation companies and e-commerce companies, as well as charter passenger transport to governmental and commercial entities. We have extensive experience in the express business. We know what it takes to run a highly reliable air network and leverage our experience to help our customers with reliable on-time service. Our charter operations maintain high availability and short advance times to perform missions around the world. We also offer a broad range of ancillary services including engineering services, sort and gateway operations, equipment installation, maintenance and leasing, and aircraft modifications which are tailored to the needs of the customers. The breadth of integrated, complementary services we offer to customers distinguishes us from other leasing and airline service companies and gives us a competitive advantage in our industry.
We have become a leader in an industry with established barriers to entry, possessing reliable airlift capability, and strategic alignment with our key customers since being founded in 1980 as a airline subsidiary of Airborne Express. We became an independent, publicly-owned company in August 2003, as a result of a spin-off by Airborne Express prior to its acquisition by DHL. The spin-off was necessitated in large part due to restrictions imposed by federal law on foreign ownership of U.S. airlines. Our headquarters are located at the Wilmington Air Park in Wilmington, Ohio, which also serves as a regional air hub for Amazon. Our common shares are publicly traded on the NASDAQ Stock Market under the symbol ATSG.
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Principal Services
Our principal services fall into three general categories:
Aircraft leasing. We own and lease aircraft through our subsidiary, Cargo Aircraft Management, Inc. (“CAM”). We are able to provide competitive lease rates for our cargo freighters by purchasing passenger aircraft, typically 15 to 20 years old, and converting them into cargo freighters, after which we anticipate an economic life of 20 years or more. We monitor the global market for available passenger aircraft and only purchase aircraft for conversion that meet our requirements for condition and technical specifications and that can be purchased and converted into freighters at a price that will meet or exceed our targeted return on capital. Aircraft freighters that are converted from passenger aircraft can be deployed into markets more economically in comparison to newly-built freighters.
Aircraft operations. We own and operate three separate airline subsidiaries: ABX Air, Inc. (“ABX”), Air Transport International, Inc. (“ATI”), and Omni Air International, LLC (“OAI”). Each of these airlines is independently certificated by the United States Department of Transportation ("DOT") and by the Federal Aviation Administration, ("FAA"), a constituent agency of the DOT. Our airline subsidiaries offer different combinations of aircraft, crews, maintenance and insurance to provide customized transportation capacity to our customers. We specialize in carrying both freight and passengers for a variety of customers, including private sector companies and governmental organizations. ABX operates all-cargo aircraft; ATI operates all-cargo and passenger/freighter combination ("combi") aircraft; and OAI operates passenger aircraft.
Support services. We provide a wide range of air transportation related services to our customers including aircraft maintenance and modification, ground handling and crew training. We offer these support services to delivery companies, e-commerce companies, freight forwarders and other airlines. Our ground support services, which are provided through our subsidiary, LGSTX Services, Inc. (“LGSTX”), consist of load transfer and sorting, the design, installation and maintenance of material handling equipment, the leasing and maintenance of ground support equipment, and general facilities maintenance. LGSTX has more than 30 years of experience in material handling, facilities maintenance, equipment installation and maintenance, vehicle maintenance and repair, and jet fuel and deicing services. Our aircraft maintenance and modification services, which are provided by our subsidiaries, Airborne Maintenance and Engineering Services, Inc. (“AMES”) and Pemco World Air Services, Inc. (“Pemco”), provide airframe modification and heavy maintenance, component repairs, engineering services and aircraft line maintenance. Another subsidiary, AMES Material Services, Inc. ("AMS"), resells and brokers aircraft parts. Our support services also involve the training of flight crews, which we offer through our subsidiary, Airborne Training Services, Inc. ("ATS").
The business development and marketing activities of our operating subsidiaries are supported by our Airborne Global Solutions, Inc. ("AGS") subsidiary. AGS markets the various services and products offered by our subsidiaries by bundling solutions that leverage the entire portfolio of our subsidiaries' capabilities and experience in global cargo operations. Our bundled services are flexible and scalable to complement our customers' own resources and support our operational growth. AGS assists our subsidiaries in achieving their sales and marketing plans by identifying their customers' business and operational requirements while providing sales leads.
For additional financial information about our operating segments see Note O of the accompanying audited financial statements.
Major Customers
We have long-standing, strategic customer relationships with Amazon, DHL and the DoD in addition to numerous other companies and government agencies that rely on aircraft services in their operations.
U.S. Department of Defense. Our airline subsidiaries have been providing services to the DoD since the 1990’s. The DoD comprised 31% of our consolidated revenues for 2020. Our business with the DoD and other government agencies expanded significantly as a result of our November 2018 acquisition of OAI, which is discussed below.
Amazon. We have been providing freighter aircraft and cargo handling and logistics support services to Amazon.com Services, LLC (“ASI”), the successor to Amazon.com Services, Inc., a subsidiary of Amazon, since September 2015. Revenues from our commercial arrangements with ASI comprised approximately 30% of our consolidated revenues for 2020. Our CAM subsidiary has leased 31 Boeing 767 freighter aircraft to ASI as of
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December 31, 2020, with eleven additional aircraft to be leased in 2021. We also provide flight crew and aircraft maintenance services for those aircraft under an Air Transportation Services Agreement with ASI.
DHL. We have provided aircraft services to DHL under multi-year contracts since August 2003. DHL accounted for 12% of our consolidated revenues for 2020. As of December 31, 2020, we were leasing 14 of our Boeing 767 aircraft to DHL under multi-year contracts. We operate eight of these aircraft for DHL under a separate operating agreement. We provide ground equipment and maintenance services to DHL in the U.S.
Business Development
On November 9, 2018, we acquired OAI, a passenger airline, along with related entities Advanced Flight Services, LLC; Omni Aviation Leasing, LLC; and T7 Aviation Leasing, LLC (referred to collectively herein as "Omni"). OAI is a leading provider of contracted passenger airlift for the U.S. Department of Defense ("DoD") via the Civil Reserve Air Fleet ("CRAF") program, and a provider of full-service passenger charter and ACMI services. OAI carries passengers worldwide for a variety of private sector customers and other government services agencies. The addition of Omni expanded our customer solution offerings primarily through additional passenger transportation capabilities and the authority to operate Boeing 777 aircraft. The acquisition increased the Company's revenues, cash flows and customer diversification. (Additional information about the acquisition of Omni is presented in Note B to the accompanying consolidated financial statements.)
In September 2015, we began to operate a trial air network for ASI. We provided cargo handling and logistical support as the network grew to five dedicated Boeing 767 freighter aircraft during 2015.
On March 8, 2016, we entered into an Air Transportation Services Agreement (the “ATSA”) with ASI pursuant
to which CAM leased 20 Boeing 767 freighter aircraft to ASI, including 12 Boeing 767-200 freighter aircraft for a term of five years and eight Boeing 767-300 freighter aircraft for a term of seven years. The ATSA also provided for the operation of those aircraft by our airline subsidiaries for a term of five years, and the performance of ground handling services by our subsidiary, LGSTX Services Inc. ("LGSTX").
In December 2018, the Company announced agreements with Amazon to (1) lease and operate ten additional Boeing 767-300 aircraft for ASI, (2) extend the term of the 12 Boeing 767-200 aircraft currently leased to ASI by two years to 2023 with an option on the part of ASI to extend the lease term for three more years, (3) extend the term of the eight Boeing 767-300 aircraft currently leased to ASI by three years to 2026 and 2027 with an option on the part of ASI to extend the lease term for three more years and (4) extend the ATSA by five years through March 2026, with an option on the part of ASI to extend the term for an additional three years. In January 2019, we entered into lease amendments which formalized the lease extensions described in (2), (3) and (4) above. As of December 31, 2020, we had executed leases with ASI for all ten of these Boeing 767-300 aircraft and we were operating them under the ATSA.
On May 29, 2020, Amazon agreed to lease twelve more Boeing 767-300 aircraft from the Company. The first of these leases began in the second quarter of 2020 with the remaining eleven to be delivered in 2021. All of these additional Boeing 767-300 aircraft leases will be for ten years. We expect all of these aircraft will be operated under the ATSA.
In conjunction with the execution of the ATSA, the Company and Amazon entered into an Investment Agreement and a Stockholders Agreement on March 8, 2016. Pursuant to the Investment Agreement, the Company issued warrants in three tranches granting Amazon the right to acquire up to 19.9% of the Company’s pre-transaction outstanding common shares measured on a GAAP-diluted basis, adjusted for share issuances and repurchases by the Company following the date of the Investment Agreement and after giving effect to the warrants granted. These warrants, which total 14.9 million common shares for all three tranches, are fully vested, have an exercise price of $9.73 per share and will expire on March 8, 2021, unless Amazon has not obtained by such date all regulatory approvals, exemptions, authorizations, consents or clearances (including the expiration or termination of any waiting periods) required to purchase the shares underlying such warrants, in which case the expiration date is extended.
In conjunction with Amazon's commitment for ten additional Boeing 767-300 aircraft leases, extensions of twenty existing Boeing 767 aircraft leases and additional aircraft operations under the ATSA, Amazon and the Company entered into a new investment agreement on December 20, 2018 (the "2018 Investment Agreement"). Pursuant to the 2018 Investment Agreement, the Company issued additional warrants to Amazon for 14.8 million
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common shares, all of which had vested as of December 31, 2020 in conjunction with the leases and operation of the aircraft under the ATSA. These warrants have an exercise price of $21.53 per share and will expire if not exercised December 20, 2025, subject to extension if all regulatory approvals, exemptions, authorizations, consents or clearances have not been obtained by such date.
In conjunction with Amazon's commitment in May of 2020 to lease twelve additional Boeing 767-300 aircraft, Amazon was issued warrants for 7.0 million common shares, pursuant to the 2018 Investment Agreement, of which 0.6 million common shares have vested as of December 31, 2020. These warrants will expire if not exercised by December 20, 2025, subject to extension if all regulatory approvals, exemptions, authorizations, consents or clearances have not been obtained by such date. The exercise price of these warrants is $20.40 per share.
Additionally, Amazon can earn incremental warrant rights under the 2018 Investment Agreement by leasing up to five more cargo aircraft from the Company before January 2026. Incremental warrants granted for Amazon’s commitment to any such future aircraft leases will have an exercise price based on the volume-weighted average price of the Company's shares during the 30 trading days immediately preceding the contractual commitment for each lease.
Through the 2016 and 2018 Investment Agreements, Amazon can potentially own approximately 39.9% of the Company if all issued and issuable warrants vest and are settled with cash. For all warrants vested, Amazon may select a cash exercise option or a cashless exercise option. Assuming ATSG’s stock price at the time of exercise is above the warrant exercise price, Amazon would receive fewer shares in exchange for any warrants exercised under the cashless option. Instead, Amazon would receive the number of ATSG shares equivalent in market value at the time of exercise to the appreciation above the exercise price of the warrants.
We have had multi-year contracts with DHL Network Operations (USA), Inc. and its affiliates ("DHL") since August 2003. In 2010, we entered into commercial agreements with DHL under which DHL leased thirteen Boeing 767 freighter aircraft from CAM and ABX operates those aircraft under a separate crew, maintenance and insurance agreement. Effective April 1, 2015, the Company and DHL amended and restated the agreements (together, the "CMI agreement") which extended the Boeing 767 aircraft lease terms and the operation of those aircraft through March 2019. In March 2019, the expiring Boeing 767 aircraft leases and CMI agreement with DHL were renewed under terms similar to the previous agreements. On April 30, 2019, we extended the leases for four of the 767-300 aircraft and one of the 767-200 aircraft leased to DHL through April 2022.
Through CAM and the acquisition of Omni, we have expanded our combined fleet of Boeing 777, and 767 aircraft in recent years. Since the beginning of 2016, CAM has managed the modification of 39 Boeing 767-300 passenger aircraft to a freighter configuration and acquired two Boeing 767 freighter aircraft. CAM added two Boeing 767-200 passenger aircraft, six Boeing 767-300 passenger aircraft and three Boeing 777-200 passenger aircraft through the Company's acquisition of Omni on November 9, 2018. We have agreements to acquire 13 more Boeing 767-300 extended-range aircraft, ten of which we anticipate being delivered during 2021 and the remaining three in 2022. Most, if not all, of these will be converted into freighters. Additionally we own eight Boeing 767-300 aircraft that were being prepared for cargo service as of December 31, 2020. A complete list of the Company's aircraft is included in Item 2, Properties.
On February 1, 2019, we acquired a group of companies under common control, referred to as TriFactor. TriFactor resells material handling equipment and provides engineering design solutions for warehousing, retail distribution and e-commerce operations. TriFactor is managed through our LGSTX business.
On August 3, 2017, we entered into a joint-venture agreement with Precision Aircraft Solutions, LLC, to develop a passenger-to-freighter conversion program for Airbus A321-200 aircraft. We anticipate approval of an FAA supplemental type certificate in March of 2021. We expect to make contributions equal to our 49% ownership percentage of the program's total costs over the next year and account for our investment in the joint venture under the equity method of accounting.
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In December 2016, we acquired Pemco. Pemco provides aircraft maintenance, modification, and engineering services. Pemco is based at the Tampa International Airport where it operates a two-hangar aircraft facility of 311,500 square feet. Pemco is a leading provider of passenger-to-freighter conversions for Boeing 737-300 and 737-400 aircraft, having redelivered over 50 Boeing 737 converted aircraft to Chinese operators over ten years. Pemco's aircraft conversion capabilities and aircraft hangar operations are marketed with our other air transportation support services.
We seek to take advantage of business acquisition opportunities of complementary and adjacent businesses that enhance or extend our current value proposition or, alternatively, diversify our customer base.
Description of Businesses
CAM
CAM leases aircraft to ATSG's airlines and to external customers, including DHL and ASI, usually under multi-year contracts with a schedule of fixed monthly payments. Under a typical lease arrangement, the customer maintains the aircraft in serviceable condition at its own cost. At the end of the lease term, the customer is typically required to return the aircraft in approximately the same maintenance condition that existed at the inception of the lease, as measured by airframe and engine time and cycles since the last scheduled maintenance event. CAM examines the credit worthiness of potential customers, their short and long-term growth prospects, their financial condition and backing, the experience of their management, and the impact of governmental regulation when determining the lease rate that is offered to the customer. In addition, CAM monitors the customer’s business and financial status throughout the term of the lease.
ACMI Services
ACMI Services consists of the operations of the Company's three airline subsidiaries. Through these airlines, we provide airlift operations to DHL, ASI, the DoD and other transportation customers. A typical operating agreement requires our airline to supply, at a specific rate per block hour and/or per month, a combination of aircraft, crew, maintenance and insurance for specified transportation operations. These services are commonly referred to as ACMI, CMI or charter services depending on the selection of services contracted by the customer. The customer bears the responsibility for capacity utilization and unit pricing in all cases.
ACMI - The airline provides the aircraft, flight crews, aircraft maintenance and aircraft hull and liability insurance while the customer is typically responsible for substantially all other aircraft operating expenses, including fuel, landing fees, parking fees and ground and cargo handling expenses.
CMI -The customer is responsible for providing the aircraft, in addition to the fuel and other operating expenses. The airline provides the flight crews, aircraft hull and liability insurance and typically aircraft line maintenance as needed between network flights.
Charter - The airline is responsible for providing full service, including fuel, aircraft, flight crews, maintenance, aircraft hull and liability insurance, landing fees, parking fees, catering, passenger handling fees, ground and cargo handling expenses and other operating expenses for an all-inclusive price.
We provide contracted transportation capacity to our customers. We do not sell individually ticketed passenger service, nor do we sell to the public individually air-billed package delivery services. Our airlines operate wide-body and medium wide-body aircraft usually on intra-continental flights and medium and long range inter-continental flights. The airlines typically operate our freighter aircraft in the customers' regional networks that connect to and from global cargo networks. The aircraft types we operate have lower investment and ongoing maintenance costs and can operate cost efficiently with smaller loads on shorter routes than the larger capacity aircraft, such as the Boeing 747 and Airbus A380.
Our airlines participate in the DoD CRAF Program which allows our airlines to bid for military charter operations for passenger and cargo transportation. Our airlines provide charter operations to the Air Mobility Command ("AMC") through contracts awarded by the U.S. Transportation Command ("USTC"), both of which are organized under the DoD. The USTC secures airlift capacity through fixed awards, which are awarded annually, and through bids for "expansion routes" which are awarded on a quarterly, monthly and as-needed basis. Under the contracts, we are responsible for all operating expenses including fuel, landing and ground handling expenses. We
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receive reimbursements from the USTC each month if the price of fuel paid by us for the flights exceeds a previously set peg price. If the price of fuel paid by us is less than the peg price, then we pay the difference to the USTC. Airlines may participate in the CRAF program either independently, or through teaming arrangements with other airlines. Our airlines are members of the Patriot Team of CRAF airlines. We pay a commission to the Patriot Team, based on certain revenues we receive under USTC contracts.
ATI contracts with the USTC to operate its unique fleet of four Boeing 757 "combi" aircraft, which are capable of simultaneously carrying passengers and cargo containers on the main flight deck. ATI has been operating combi aircraft for the DoD since 1993. In January 2018, the USTC contracted with ATI to provide combi aircraft operations through December 2021 and awarded ATI three international routes for combi aircraft. OAI has been operating aircraft for the DoD since 1995. Contracts with the USTC are typically for a one-year period, however, the current passenger international charter contract has a two-year term with option periods, at the election of the USTC, through September 2024.
Approximately 12% of the Company's consolidated revenues for 2020 were derived from providing airline operations for customers other than DHL, ASI and the DoD. These ACMI and charter operations are typically provided to delivery companies, freight forwarders, vacation businesses and other airlines.
Demand for air cargo transportation services correlates closely with general economic conditions and the level of commercial activity in a geographic area. Stronger general economic conditions and growth in a region typically increases the need for air transportation. E-commerce growth is a strong indicator of growth in the express and network flying businesses which we enable with our assets and services. Historically, the cargo industry has experienced higher volumes during the fourth calendar quarter of each year due to increased shipments during the holiday season. Generally, time-critical delivery needs, such as just-in-time inventory management, increase the demand for air cargo delivery, while higher costs of aviation fuel generally reduces the demand for air delivery services. When aviation fuel prices increase, shippers will consider using ground transportation if the delivery time allows.
We have limited exposure to fluctuations in the price of aviation fuel under contracts with our customers. DHL and Amazon, like most of our ACMI customers, procure the aircraft fuel and fueling services necessary for their flights. Our charter agreements with the U.S. Military are based on a preset pegged fuel price and include a subsequent true-up to the actual fuel prices.
Aircraft Maintenance and Modification Services
We provide aircraft maintenance and modification services to other air carriers through our ABX, AMES and Pemco subsidiaries. These subsidiaries have technical expertise related to aircraft modifications through a long history in aviation. They own many Supplemental Type Certificates (“STCs”). An STC is granted by the FAA and represents an ownership right, similar to an intellectual property right, which authorizes the alteration of an airframe, engine or component. We market our subsidiaries capabilities by identifying aviation-related maintenance and modification opportunities and matching them to customer needs.
AMES operates in Wilmington, Ohio, a repair station certified by the Federal Aviation Administration (“FAA”) under Part 145 of the Federal Aviation Regulations, including hangars, a component shop and engineering capabilities. AMES is AS9100 quality certified for the aerospace industry. AMES’ marketable capabilities include the installation of avionics systems and flat panel displays for Boeing 757 and 767 aircraft. The Wilmington facility is capable of servicing airframes as large as the Boeing 747-400 and the Boeing 777 aircraft. AMES , through its Pemco subsidiary, also operates an FAA certificated Part 145 repair station from a two-hangar facility in Tampa, Florida. The Tampa location has the capability to perform airframe maintenance on Boeing 767, 757, 737, McDonnell Douglas MD-80, Airbus A320, A321 and various regional jet model aircraft. We have the ability to perform line maintenance and airframe maintenance on McDonnell Douglas MD-80, Boeing 767, 757, 737, 777, 727 and Airbus A320 aircraft. We also have the capability to refurbish airframe components, including approximately 60% of the components utilized by Boeing 767 aircraft. Through Pemco, we also perform aircraft modification and engineering services, including passenger-to-freighter and passenger-to-combi conversions for Boeing 737-200, 737-300, 737-400 and 737-700 series aircraft.
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AMS is an Aviation Suppliers Association, ASA 100 Accredited reseller and broker of aircraft parts. AMS carries an inventory of Boeing 767, 757 and 737 spare parts and also maintains inventory on consignment from original equipment manufacturers, resellers, lessors and other airlines. AMS's customers include the commercial air cargo industry, passenger airlines, aircraft manufacturers and contract maintenance companies serving the commercial aviation industry, as well as other resellers.
Ground Services
Through the Company's LGSTX subsidiaries, we provide labor and management for load transfer and sorting services at certain facilities inside or near airports in the U.S. LGSTX also provides maintenance services for material handling and sorting equipment as well as ground support equipment throughout the U.S. LGSTX has a large inventory of ground support equipment, such as power units, airstarts, deicers and pushback vehicles that it rents to airports, ground handlers, airlines and other customers. LGSTX is also licensed to resell aircraft fuel.
We currently provide mail sorting services to the United States Postal Service ("USPS") at two locations in the U.S. Under each of these contracts, we are compensated at a firm price for fixed costs and an additional amount based on the volume of mail handled at each sort center. We also provide international mail forwarding services through the John F. Kennedy International Airport and the O'Hare International Airport. We formerly provided mail sorting services at five other USPS locations between September 2004 and September 2018, but the contracts for these locations were not renewed with us after they expired during September 2018. LGSTX also arranged similar load transfer services to support ASI at certain locations, but the contracts for these services were terminated as of August 2019.
Flight Support
ATS is certificated under Part 142 of the Federal Aviation Regulations to offer flight crew training to customers. ATS also offers Boeing 757 and Boeing 767 flight simulators which can be rented by customers for use in conjunction with their flight training programs. The simulators allow airlines to qualify flight crewmembers under FAA requirements without performing check flights in an aircraft.
Competitive Conditions
Competition for aircraft lease placements is generally affected by aircraft type, aircraft availability and lease rates. The aircraft in our fleet provide cost-effective air transportation for medium range requirements. We target our leases to cargo airlines and delivery companies seeking medium widebody airlift. We believe our fleet gives us the ability to offer our customers a superior value proposition. Competitors in the aircraft leasing markets include GE Capital Aviation Services and Altavair Aviation Leasing, among others. The Airbus A300-600 and A330 aircraft can provide capabilities similar to the Boeing 767 for medium wide-body airlift.
Our airline subsidiaries compete with other airlines to place aircraft under ACMI arrangements and charter contracts. Other cargo airlines include Amerijet International, Inc., Atlas Air, Inc., Kalitta Air LLC, Northern Air Cargo, LLC, National Air Cargo Group, Inc., Southern Air, Inc. and Western Global Airlines, LLC. Of these, Atlas Air, Inc. also operates passenger aircraft. The primary competitive factors in the air transportation industry are operating costs, fuel efficiency, geographic coverage, aircraft range, aircraft reliability and capacity. The cost of airline operations is significantly impacted by the cost of flight crewmembers, which can vary among airlines depending on their collective bargaining agreements. Cargo airlines also compete for cargo volumes with passenger airlines that have substantial belly cargo capacity. The air transportation industry is capital intensive and highly competitive, especially during periods of excess aircraft capacity competing for commercial cargo and passenger volumes and DoD requirements.
The scheduled delivery industry is dominated by integrated, door-to-door delivery companies including DHL, the USPS, FedEx Corporation, United Parcel Service, Inc. and ASI. Although the volume of our business is impacted by competition among these integrated carriers, we do not usually compete directly with them.
The aircraft maintenance industry is labor intensive and typically competes based on cost, capabilities and reputation for quality. U.S. airlines may contract for aircraft maintenance with maintenance and repair organizations ("MROs") in other countries or geographies with a lower labor wage base, making the industry highly cost competitive. Other aircraft MROs include AAR Corp and Hong Kong Aircraft Engineering Co.
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Airline Operations
Flight Operations and Control
The Company's airline operations are conducted pursuant to authority granted to each of the three airlines by the FAA and the DOT. Airline flight operations, including aircraft dispatching, flight tracking, crew training and crew scheduling are planned and controlled by personnel within each airline. The Company staffs aircraft dispatching and flight tracking 24 hours per day, 7 days per week. The FAA prescribes the minimum requirements, methods and means by which air carrier flight operations are conducted, including but not limited to the qualifications and training of flight crew members, the release of aircraft for flight, the tracking of flights, the length of time crew members can be on duty, aircraft operating procedures, proper navigation of aircraft, compliance with air traffic control instructions and other operational functions.
Aircraft Maintenance
Our airlines’ operations are regulated by the FAA for aircraft safety and maintenance. Each airline performs routine inspections and airframe maintenance in accordance with applicable FAA-approved aircraft maintenance programs. In addition, the airlines build into their maintenance programs FAA-mandated Airworthiness Directive and manufacturer Service Bulletin compliance on all of their aircraft. The airlines’ maintenance and engineering personnel coordinate routine and non-routine maintenance requirements. Each airline’s maintenance program includes tracking the maintenance status of each aircraft, consulting with manufacturers and suppliers about procedures to correct irregularities, and training maintenance personnel on the requirements of its FAA-approved maintenance program. The airlines contract with MROs, including AMES and Pemco, to perform heavy maintenance on airframes and engines. Each airline owns and maintains an inventory of spare aircraft engines, engine parts, auxiliary power units, aircraft parts and consumable items. The quantity of spare items maintained is based on the fleet size, engine type operated and the reliability history of the item types.
Security
The Transportation Security Administration (“TSA”) requires ABX and ATI to comply with security protocols as set out in each carrier’s standard all-cargo aircraft operator security plan which provide for extensive security practices and procedures that must be followed. The security plan provides for the conducting of background checks on persons with access to cargo and/or aircraft, the securing of the aircraft while on the ground, the acceptance and screening of cargo to be moved by air, the handling of suspicious cargo and the securing of cargo ground facilities, among other requirements. Comprehensive internal audit and evaluation programs are actively mandated and maintained. In the case of OAI, a passenger carrier, and for ATI's passenger/freighter "combi" operations, additional requirements apply under the carriers' respective security programs, including passenger and baggage screening, airport terminal security, assessment and distribution of intelligence including the TSA "no-fly" list, and threat response.
Customers are required to inform the airlines in writing of the nature and composition of any freight which is classified as "Hazardous Materials" or “Dangerous Goods” by the DOT and passengers are generally prohibited from carrying "Hazardous Materials" or “Dangerous Goods” in their baggage. Notwithstanding these procedures, our airline subsidiaries could unknowingly transport contraband or undeclared hazardous materials for customers, or could unknowingly transport an unauthorized passenger or a passenger in possession of an unauthorized item, which could result in fines and penalties and possible damage to the aircraft.
Insurance
Our airline subsidiaries are required by the DOT to carry a minimum amount of aircraft liability insurance. Their aircraft leases, loan agreements and ACMI agreements also require them to carry such insurance. The Company currently maintains public liability and property damage insurance, and our airline subsidiaries currently maintain aircraft hull and liability insurance and war risk insurance for their respective aircraft fleets in amounts consistent with industry standards. CAM’s customers are also required to maintain similar insurance coverage.
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Human Capital
Description
As of December 31, 2020, our workforce was composed of 5,305 full-time and part-time employees. We employed approximately 1,015 flight crewmembers, 400 flight attendants, 215 flight support personnel, 1,940 aircraft maintenance managers and technicians, 1,210 employees for ground equipment and logistics services, 45 employees for sales and marketing and 480 employees for administrative functions. In addition to full time and part time employees, we often employ contractors and temporary employees to assist in aircraft line maintenance and package sortation during peak operational times. On December 31, 2019, the Company had approximately 4,380 full-time and part-time employees. Over 99% of our workforce is based in the United States.
The Company’s flight crewmembers and flight attendants are unionized employees. The table below summarizes the representation of the Company’s flight crewmembers at December 31, 2020.
| Airline | Labor Agreement Unit | Contract Amendable Date | Percentage of the Company’s Employees | |||||||||||||||||
| ABX | International Brotherhood of Teamsters | 1/1/2027 | 4.4% | |||||||||||||||||
| ATI | Air Line Pilots Association | 3/21/2021 | 8.2% | |||||||||||||||||
| Omni | International Brotherhood of Teamsters | 4/1/2021 | 6.6% | |||||||||||||||||
| ATI | Association of Flight Attendants | 11/14/2023 | 0.7% | |||||||||||||||||
| Omni | Association of Flight Attendants | 12/1/2021 | 6.9% | |||||||||||||||||
Under the Railway Labor Act (“RLA”), as amended, crewmember labor agreements do not expire, so the existing contract remains in effect throughout any negotiation process. If required, mediation under the RLA is conducted by the National Mediation Board, which has the sole discretion as to how long mediation can last and when it will end. In addition to direct negotiations and mediation, the RLA includes a provision for potential arbitration of unresolved issues and a 30-day “cooling-off” period before either party can resort to self-help, including, but not limited to, a work stoppage.
Objectives
Our employees are critical to the on-going success of the Company. Our approach to managing human capital includes the following: maintaining the health and safety of our employees; attracting and retaining skilled individuals; continuously improving the skills of our workforce; promoting inclusive and engaging work environments; and compensating and treating all employees fairly.
To attract and retain skilled employees, we offer competitive compensation and benefits, including medical care, paid time off, retirement savings, mental health counseling and other employee benefits. Further, we are committed to training and supporting our employees' continuous development of professional, technical and management skills. We develop technical training programs which facilitate the licensure and certification of flight crews, aviation mechanics and other skilled jobs. We partner with third parties to assist employees in developing leadership skills and valuing diversity in our workforce. In 2020, our voluntary employee resignation rate was approximately 11%.
We have taken precautions to prevent, detect and limit the spread of the Covid-19 virus in the workplace. These practices include daily temperature checks, requiring face masks, periodically sanitizing facilities, frequent cleaning of high touch surfaces, supporting remote working, implementing travel restrictions, promoting social distancing and frequent hand washing, contact tracing, quarantining, and other practices prescribed by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. We have not experienced a wide-spread outbreak at any location. The virus positivity rate is approximately 11% of our workforce.
Pursuant to payroll support programs under the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act (“CARES Act”) and the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2021 (the “PSP Extension Law”) the Company has received funds to protect employees’ jobs by offsetting payroll expenses. In light of these payroll support programs, we have not implemented and do not anticipate implementing pay cuts or furloughs through March 2021.
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Flight crewmembers are required to be licensed in accordance with Federal Aviation Regulations (“FARs”), with specific ratings for the aircraft type to be flown, and to be medically certified as physically fit to operate aircraft. Licenses and medical certifications are subject to recurrent requirements as set forth in the FARs, to include recurrent training and minimum amounts of recent flying experience.
The FAA requires initial and recurrent training for most flight and maintenance personnel. Quality control inspectors must also be licensed and qualified to perform maintenance inspections on Company operated and maintained aircraft. The majority of our aircraft mechanics have one or more FAA licenses. Our subsidiaries pay for all of the required recurrent training and provide training for their ground service personnel as well. Their training programs have received all required FAA approvals. Similarly, our flight dispatchers and flight followers receive FAA approved training on the airlines' requirements and specific aircraft.
Intellectual Property
The Company owns many Supplemental Type Certificates ("STCs") and similar approvals issued by the FAA. The Company uses these STCs mainly in support of its own fleets; however, AMES and Pemco have marketed certain STCs to other airlines.
Information Systems
We are dependent on technology to conduct our daily operations including for data processing, communications and regulatory compliance. We rely on critical computerized systems for aircraft maintenance records, flight planning, crew scheduling, employee training, financial records, cyber-security and other processes. We utilize information systems to maintain records about the maintenance status and history of each major aircraft component, as required by FAA regulations. Using our information systems, we track aircraft maintenance schedules and also control inventories and maintenance tasks, including the work directives of personnel performing those tasks. We rely on information systems to track crewmember flight and duty times, and crewmember training status. The Company’s flight operations systems coordinate flight schedules and crew schedules.
We invest significant time and financial resources to acquire, develop and maintain information systems to facilitate our operations. Our information technology infrastructure includes security measures, backup procedures and redundancy capabilities. We rely increasingly on software applications, hosted technologies, data transmissions and cybersecurity safe-guards provided by or in conjunction with third parties. To remain competitive, we must continue to deploy new technologies while controlling costs and maintaining regulatory compliance and security safeguards.
Regulation
Our subsidiaries’ airline operations are primarily regulated by the DOT, the FAA, and the TSA. Those operations must comply with numerous economic, safety, security and environmental laws, ordinances and regulations. In addition, they must comply with various other federal, state, local and foreign laws and regulations.
Environment
The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency ("EPA") is authorized to regulate aircraft emissions and has historically implemented emissions control standards adopted by the International Civil Aviation Organization ("ICAO"). In 2016, the EPA issued a finding on greenhouse gas ("GHG") emissions from aircraft and its relationship to air pollution. This finding is a regulatory prerequisite to the EPA’s adoption of a new certification standard for aircraft emissions. In January 2021, the EPA issued a final rule regarding GHG emissions standards for new aircraft engines consistent with ICAO standards that were adopted in 2017. The EPA final rule does not apply to engines on aircraft that are already in service, as is also the case with the ICAO standards. However, the administration of President Biden has stated that it plans to review the EPA emissions standards issued by the prior Administration and, further, the EPA standards have been challenged by several states and environmental organizations. We cannot predict the results of the Biden administration's review or the outcome of legal challenges to the EPA's final rules. Our subsidiaries’ aircraft meet all currently applicable requirements for engine emission levels.
Under the Clean Air Act, individual states or the EPA may also adopt regulations requiring reductions in emissions for one or more localities based on the measured air quality at such localities. These regulations may seek
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to limit or restrict emissions by restricting the use of emission-producing ground service equipment or aircraft auxiliary power units. Further, the U.S. Congress has, in the past, considered legislation that would regulate GHG emissions, and some form of federal climate change legislation is possible in the future.
In addition, the European Commission has approved the extension of the European Union Emissions Trading Scheme ("ETS") for GHG emissions to the airline industry. Currently, under the European Union’s ETS, all ABX, ATI and OAI flights that are wholly within the European Union are covered by the ETS requirements, and each year our airlines are required to submit emission allowances in an amount equal to the carbon dioxide emissions from such flights. If the airline's flight activity during the year produces carbon emissions exceeding the number of carbon emissions allowances that it had been awarded, the airline must acquire allowances from other airlines in the open market. Our airlines operate intra-EU flights from time to time and management believes that such flights are operated in compliance with ETS requirements.
Similarly, in 2016, the ICAO passed a resolution adopting the Carbon Offsetting and Reduction Scheme for International Aviation (“CORSIA”), which is a global, market-based emissions offset program to encourage carbon-neutral growth beyond 2020. A pilot phase is scheduled to begin in 2021 in which countries may voluntarily participate, followed by a first phase of the program beginning in 2024 that is also voluntary, and full mandatory participation is scheduled to begin in 2027. The United States has agreed to participate in the two voluntary phases. ICAO continues to develop details regarding implementation, but compliance with CORSIA will increase our operating costs.
The U.S. has also recently re-entered the Paris climate accord, an agreement among 196 countries to reduce GHG emissions, and the effect of the re-entry by the U.S. on future U.S. policy regarding GHG emissions, on CORSIA and on other GHG regulation is uncertain.
The federal government generally regulates aircraft engine noise at its source. However, local airport operators may, under certain circumstances, regulate airport operations based on aircraft noise considerations. The Airport Noise and Capacity Act of 1990 provides that, in the case of Stage 3 aircraft (all of our operating aircraft satisfy Stage 3 noise compliance requirements), an airport operator must obtain the carriers’ consent to, or the government’s approval of, the rule prior to its adoption. We believe the operation of our airline subsidiaries’ aircraft either complies with or is exempt from compliance with currently applicable local airport rules. However, some airport authorities have adopted local noise regulations, and, to the extent more stringent aircraft operating regulations are adopted on a widespread basis, our airline subsidiaries may be required to spend substantial funds, make schedule changes or take other actions to comply with such local rules.
Department of Transportation
The DOT maintains authority over certain aspects of domestic and international air transportation serving the United States, such as consumer protection, accommodation of passengers with disabilities, requiring a minimum level of insurance and the requirement that a company be “fit” to hold a certificate to engage in air transportation. In addition, the DOT continues to regulate many aspects of international aviation, including the award of certain international routes. The DOT has issued to ABX a Domestic All-Cargo Air Service Certificate for air cargo transportation between all points within the U.S., the District of Columbia, Puerto Rico, and the U.S. Virgin Islands. The DOT has issued to ATI certificate authority to engage in scheduled interstate air transportation, which is currently limited to all-cargo operations. ATI's DOT certificate authority also authorizes it to engage in interstate and foreign charter air transportation of persons, property and mail. Additionally, the DOT has issued to ABX and ATI Certificates of Public Convenience and Necessity authorizing each of them to engage in scheduled foreign air transportation of cargo and mail between the U.S. and all current and future U.S. open-skies partner countries, which currently consists of approximately 130 foreign countries. ABX and ATI also hold exemption authorities issued by the DOT to conduct scheduled all-cargo operations between the U.S. and certain foreign countries with which the U.S. does not have a liberal ("open-skies") air transportation agreement. The DOT has issued to OAI a Certificate of Public Convenience and Necessity for Interstate Charter Air Transportation and a Certificate of Public Convenience and Necessity for Foreign Charter Air Transportation that authorizes it to engage in interstate and foreign charter air transportation of persons, property and mail. In 2019, the DOT also issued OAI exemption authority to engage in scheduled foreign air transportation of property and mail between the U.S. and all existing and future countries with an open-skies air service agreement with the U.S.
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By maintaining these certificates, the Company, through ABX and ATI, can and currently does conduct all-cargo charter operations worldwide subject to the receipt of any necessary foreign government approvals. Further, the certificates issued to ATI and OAI authorize the air carriers to conduct passenger charter operations worldwide subject to the receipt of any necessary foreign government approvals. Periodically, the DOT re-examines a company’s managerial competence, financial resources and plans, compliance disposition and citizenship in order to determine whether the carrier remains fit, willing and able to engage in the transportation services it is authorized to provide.
The DOT has the authority to impose civil penalties, or to modify, suspend or revoke our certificates and exemption authorities for cause, including failure to comply with federal laws or DOT regulations. A corporation or a limited liability company structured like a corporation holding the above-referenced certificates and exemption authorities must continuously qualify as a citizen of the United States, which, pursuant to federal law, requires that (1) it be organized under the laws of the U.S. or a state, territory or possession thereof, (2) that its president and at least two-thirds of its Board of Directors and other managing officers be U.S. citizens, (3) that no more than 25% of its voting interest be owned or controlled by non-U.S. citizens, and (4) that it not otherwise be subject to foreign control. We believe our airline subsidiaries possess all necessary DOT-issued certificates and authorities to conduct their current operations and that each continues to qualify as a citizen of the United States.
Federal Aviation Administration
The FAA regulates aircraft safety and flight operations generally, including equipment, ground facilities, maintenance, flight dispatch, training, communications, the carriage of hazardous materials and other matters affecting air safety. The FAA issues operating certificates and detailed "operations specifications" to carriers that possess the technical competence to safely conduct air carrier operations. In addition, the FAA issues certificates of airworthiness to each aircraft that meets the requirements for aircraft design and maintenance. ABX, ATI and OAI believe they hold all airworthiness and other FAA certificates and authorities required for the conduct of their business and the operation of their aircraft. The FAA has the power to suspend, modify or revoke such certificates for cause and to impose civil penalties for any failure to comply with federal laws or FAA regulations.
The FAA has the authority to issue regulations, airworthiness directives and other mandatory orders relating to, among other things, the inspection, maintenance and modification of aircraft and the replacement of aircraft structures, components and parts, based on industry safety findings, the age of the aircraft and other factors. For example, the FAA has required ABX to perform inspections of its Boeing 767 aircraft to determine if certain of the aircraft structures and components meet all aircraft certification requirements. If the FAA were to determine that the aircraft structures or components are not adequate, it could order our airline subsidiaries and other operators to take certain actions, including but not limited to, grounding aircraft, reducing cargo loads, strengthening any structure or component found to be inadequate, or making other modifications to the aircraft. New mandatory directives could also be issued requiring the Company’s airline subsidiaries to inspect and replace aircraft components based on their age or condition. As a routine matter, the FAA issues airworthiness directives applicable to the aircraft operated by our airline subsidiaries, and our airlines comply, sometimes at considerable cost, as part of their aircraft maintenance program.
In addition to the FAA practice of issuing regulations and airworthiness directives as conditions warrant, the FAA has adopted new regulations to address issues involving aging, but still economically viable, aircraft on a more systematic basis. FAA regulations mandate that aircraft manufacturers establish aircraft limits of validity and service action requirements based on the number of aircraft flight cycles (a cycle being one takeoff and one landing) and flight hours before widespread fatigue damage might occur. Service action requirements include inspections and modifications to preclude development of significant fatigue damage in specific aircraft structural areas. The Boeing Company has provided its recommendations of the limits of validity to the FAA, and the FAA has now approved the limits for the Boeing 757, 767 and 777 model aircraft. Consequently, after the limit of validity is reached for a particular model aircraft, air carriers will be unable to continue to operate the aircraft without the FAA first granting an extension of time to the operator. There can be no assurance that the FAA would extend the deadline, if an extension were to be requested. At this point, we do not foresee a situation in which we would seek an extension from the FAA for an aircraft.
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The FAA requires each of our airline subsidiaries to implement a drug and alcohol testing program with respect to all employees performing safety sensitive functions and, unless already subject to testing, contractor employees that engage in safety sensitive functions. Each of the Company's airlines complies with these regulations.
Transportation Security Administration
The TSA, an administration within the Department of Homeland Security, is responsible for the screening of passengers and their baggage. TSA rules also require airlines to adopt and comply with standard aircraft operator security programs, including the manner in which cargo must be screened prior to being loaded on aircraft. Our airline subsidiaries comply with all applicable aircraft, passenger and cargo security requirements. The TSA has adopted cargo security-related rules that have imposed additional burdens on our airlines and our customers. The TSA also requires each airline to perform criminal history background checks on all employees. In addition, we may be required to reimburse the TSA for the cost of security services it may provide to the Company’s airline subsidiaries in the future. The TSA holds (and has exercised) authority to issue regulations, including in cases of emergency the authority to do so without advance notice, including issuance of a grounding order as occurred on September 11, 2001. TSA's enforcement powers are similar to the DOT's and FAA's described above.
International Regulations
When operating in other countries, our airlines are subject to aviation agreements between the U.S. and the respective countries or, in the absence of such an agreement, the airlines' operating rights are governed by principles of reciprocity. International aviation agreements are periodically subject to renegotiation, and changes in U.S. or foreign governments could result in the alteration or termination of the agreements affecting our international operations. Commercial arrangements such as ACMI agreements between our airlines and our customers in other countries, may require the approval of foreign governmental authorities. Foreign authorities may limit or restrict the use of our aircraft in certain countries. Also, foreign government authorities often require licensing and business registration before beginning operations. Foreign laws, rules, regulations and licensing requirements governing air transportation are generally similar, in principle, to the regulatory scheme of the United States as described above, although in some cases foreign requirements are comparatively less onerous and in others, more onerous. Such authorities have enforcement powers generally similar to those of the U.S. agencies described above.
Data Protection
There has recently been increased regulatory and enforcement focus on data protection in the U.S. (at both the state and federal level) and in other countries. For example, the European Union ("E.U.") General Data Protection Regulation ("GDPR"), which became effective in May 2018, greatly increases the jurisdictional reach of E.U. law and increases the requirements related to the protection of personal data, including individual notice and opt-out preferences and public disclosure of significant data breaches. Additionally, violations of the GDPR can result in significant fines. Other governments have enacted or are enacting similar data protection laws, and are considering data localization laws that would govern the use of data outside of their respective jurisdictions.
Other Regulations
Various regulatory authorities have jurisdiction over significant aspects of our business, and it is possible that new laws or regulations or changes in existing laws or regulations or the interpretations thereof could have a material adverse effect on our operations. In addition to the above, other laws and regulations to which we are subject, and the agencies responsible for compliance with such laws and regulations, include the following:
•The labor relations of our airline subsidiaries are generally regulated under the Railway Labor Act, which vests in the National Mediation Board certain regulatory powers with respect to disputes between airlines and labor unions arising under collective bargaining agreements;
•The Federal Communications Commission regulates our airline subsidiaries’ use of radio facilities pursuant to the Federal Communications Act of 1934, as amended;
•U.S. Customs and Border Protection issues landing rights, inspects passengers entering the United States, and inspects cargo imported to the U.S. from our subsidiaries’ international operations, and those operations are subject to similar regulatory requirements in foreign jurisdictions;
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•The U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention has authority to impose requirements related to the mitigation of communicable diseases such as requiring masking on aircraft, negative test results, collection of passenger data for contact tracing, quarantine requirements, etc.
•The Company and its subsidiaries must comply with U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services regulations regarding the eligibility of our employees to work in the U.S., and the entry of passengers to the U.S.;
•The Company and its subsidiaries must comply with wage, work conditions and other regulations of the Department of Labor regarding our employees; and
•The Office of Foreign Assets Control (OFAC) of the U.S. Department of the Treasury and other government agencies administer and enforce economic and trade sanctions based on U.S. foreign policy, which may limit our business activities in and for certain areas.
Available Information
Our filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC"), including annual reports on Form 10-K, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, current reports on Form 8-K and amendments to these reports, are available free of charge from our website at www.atsginc.com as soon as reasonably practicable after filing with the SEC. The SEC maintains an Internet site that contains reports, proxy and information statements and other information regarding Air Transport Services Group, Inc. at www.sec.gov.
ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS
The risks described below could adversely affect our financial condition or results of operations. The risks below are not the only risks that the Company faces. Additional risks that are currently unknown to us or that we currently consider immaterial or unlikely could also adversely affect the Company.
Regulatory and Compliance Risk
Failure to comply with the provisions of payroll support programs could result in the Company being required to repay government funds and also being subject to other remedies.
Two of the Company's airline subsidiaries, OAI and ATI, have been granted government funds totaling $113.1 million pursuant to the payroll support program agreement under the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act (“CARES Act”) and Subtitle A of Title IV of Division N of the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2021 (the “PSP Extension Law”).
In conjunction with the payroll support program agreements entered into under the CARES Act, the airlines agreed to refrain from conducting involuntary furloughs or reducing employee rates of pay or benefits through September 30, 2020. OAI further agreed as a condition of receiving payroll support funds under the PSP Extension Law, to refrain from conducting involuntary furloughs or reducing employee rates of pay or benefits through March 31, 2021. The airlines agreed to limit, on behalf of themselves and certain of their affiliates, executive compensation through March 24, 2022; maintain certain air transportation service through March 1, 2022 as may be required by the U.S. Department of Transportation pursuant to its authority under the CARES Act; and maintain certain internal controls and records relating to the funds and comply with certain reporting requirements. OAI further agreed as a condition of receiving payroll support funds under the PSP Extension Law, to limit, on behalf of itself and certain affiliates, as applicable, executive compensation through October 1, 2022. In addition, the Company may not pay dividends or repurchase its shares through March 31, 2022.
If we do not comply with the provisions of the CARES Act, the PSP Extension Law and the payroll support program agreements, the Company may be required to repay the government funds and also may be subject to other remedies.
Our business could be negatively impacted by adverse audit findings by the U.S. Government.
Our DoD contracts are subject to audit by government agencies, including with respect to performance, costs, internal controls and compliance with applicable laws and regulations. If an audit uncovers improprieties, we may
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be subject to civil or criminal penalties, including termination of such contracts, forfeiture of profits, fines and suspension from doing business with the DoD. In addition, the DOT, FAA, TSA and other government agencies can initiate announced or unannounced investigations of our subsidiary air carriers, repair stations and other entities to determine if they are continuously conducting their operations in accordance with all applicable laws, rules and regulations.
Our participation in the CRAF Program could adversely restrict our commercial business in times of national emergency.
All three of our airlines participate in the CRAF Program, which permits the DoD to utilize participants’ aircraft during national emergencies when the need for military airlift exceeds the capability of military aircraft.
Proposed rules from the DOT, FAA and TSA could increase the Company's operating costs and reduce customer utilization of airfreight.
FAA rules for Flightcrew Member Duty and Rest Requirements (FMDRR) for passenger airline operations became effective in January 2014. The rules apply to our operation of passenger and combi aircraft for the DoD and other customers and impact the required amount and timing of rest periods for pilots between work assignments and modified duty and rest requirements based on the time of day, number of scheduled segments, flight types, time zones and other factors. Failure to remain in compliance with these rules may subject us to fines or other enforcement action.
There are separate crew rest requirements applicable to all-cargo aircraft of the type operated by the Company. The FAA has rejected, as have the courts, an attempt to apply the passenger airline crew rest rules to all-cargo operations. If such rest requirements and restrictions were imposed on our cargo operations, these rules could have a significant impact on the costs incurred by our airlines. The airlines would attempt to pass such additional costs through to their customers in the form of price increases. Customers, as a result, may seek to reduce their utilization of aircraft in favor of less expensive transportation alternatives.
Failure to maintain the operating certificates and authorities of our airlines would adversely affect our business.
Our airline subsidiaries have the necessary authority to conduct flight operations pursuant to the economic authority issued by the DOT and the safety based authority issued by the FAA. The continued effectiveness of such authority is subject to their compliance with applicable statutes and DOT, FAA and TSA rules and regulations, including any new rules and regulations that may be adopted in the future. The loss of such authority by an airline subsidiary could cause a default of covenants in our Senior Credit Agreement and would materially and adversely affect its airline operations, effectively eliminating the airline's ability to continue to provide air transportation services.
The National Mediation Board could determine that two or more of the Company's airline subsidiaries constitute a single transportation system.
During 2017, the NMB ruled that ABX and ATI do not constitute a single transportation system for the purposes of collective bargaining. The NMB could reconsider whether the airlines constitute a single transportation system and require that the ABX and ATI crewmembers, or that the ABX, ATI and OAI crewmembers, be represented by the same union. A single transportation system determination by the NMB could give rise to complex contractual issues, including integrating the airlines' seniority lists, and materially impact the dynamics with respect to future collective bargaining agreement ("CBA") negotiations. While it is unlikely that the NMB would reconsider or find that ABX and ATI, or that ABX, ATI and OAI, constitute a single transportation system, the case-by-case analysis used by the NMB makes such predictions uncertain. Such a finding could have material adverse consequences to the Company.
We may be impacted by government requirements associated with transacting business in foreign jurisdictions.
The U.S and other governments have imposed trade and economic sanctions in certain geopolitical areas and on certain organizations and individuals. The U.S. Departments of Justice, Commerce and Treasury, as well as other government agencies have a broad range of civil and criminal penalties they may seek to impose for violations of the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (“FCPA”), sanctions administered by the Office of Foreign Assets Control (“OFAC”) and other regulations. In addition, the DOT, FAA and TSA may at times limit the ability of our airline subsidiaries to conduct flight operations in certain areas of the world. Under such laws and regulations, we may be obliged to limit our business activities, incur additional costs for compliance programs and may be subject to enforcement
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actions or penalties for noncompliance. In recent years, the U.S. government has increased its oversight and enforcement activities with respect to these laws and the relevant agencies may continue to increase these activities.
Penalties, fines and sanctions levied by governmental agencies or the costs of complying with government regulations and trade policies could negatively affect our results of operations.
The operations of the Company’s subsidiaries are subject to complex aviation, transportation, security, environmental, labor, employment and other laws and regulations. These laws and regulations generally require our subsidiaries to maintain and comply with terms of a wide variety of certificates, permits, licenses and other approvals. Their inability to maintain required certificates, permits or licenses, or to comply with applicable laws, ordinances or regulations could result in substantial fines or, in the case of DOT and FAA requirements, possible suspension or revocation of their authority to conduct operations.
Recently, trade discussions between the U.S. and some of its trading partners have been fluid and any trade agreements that may be entered into are subject to a number of uncertainties, including the imposition of new tariffs or adjustments and changes to the products covered by existing tariffs. The impact of new laws, regulations and policies that affect global trade cannot be predicted.
The costs of maintaining our aircraft in compliance with government regulations could negatively affect our results of operations and require further investment in our aircraft fleet.
Manufacturer Service Bulletins and FAA regulations and FAA Airworthiness Directives issued under its “Aging Aircraft” program cause operators of older aircraft to be subject to additional inspections and modifications to address problems of corrosion and structural fatigue at specified times. The FAA may issue airworthiness directives that could require significant costly inspections and major modifications to such aircraft. The FAA may issue airworthiness directives that could limit the usability of certain aircraft types. In 2012, the FAA issued an airworthiness directive that requires the replacement of the aft pressure bulkhead on Boeing 767-200 aircraft based on a certain number of takeoff-and-landing cycles. As a result, some of the Company's Boeing 767-200 aircraft have been affected. The cost of compliance is estimated to be approximately $1.0 million per aircraft.
In addition, FAA regulations require that aircraft manufacturers establish limits on aircraft flight cycles to address issues involving aging, but still economically viable, aircraft, as described in Item 1 of this report, under "Federal Aviation Administration." These regulations may increase our maintenance costs and eventually limit the use of our aircraft. See Item 2 of this report. Properties, for a description of the company's aircraft, including year of manufacture.
The FAA and ICAO are in the process of developing programs to modernize air traffic control and management systems. The FAA's program, Next Generation Air Transportation Systems, is an integrated system that requires updating aircraft navigation and communication equipment. The FAA has mandated the replacement of current ground based radar systems with more accurate satellite based systems on our aircraft. The ICAO began phasing in similar requirements for aircraft operating in Europe during 2015. These programs may increase our costs and limit the use of our aircraft. Aircraft not equipped with advanced communication systems may be restricted to certain airspace.
The Company may be affected by global climate change or by legal, regulatory or market responses to such climate change.
The Company is subject to the regulations of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency ("EPA") and state and local governments regarding air quality and other matters. In part, because of the highly industrialized nature of many of the locations where the Company operates, there can be no assurance that we have discovered all environmental contamination or other matters for which the Company may be responsible.
Concern over climate change, including the impact of global warming, has led to significant federal, state and international legislative and regulatory efforts to limit greenhouse gas ("GHG") emissions. The European Commission has mandated the extension of the European Union Emissions Trading Scheme ("ETS") for GHG emissions to the airline industry. Under the European Union ETS, all ABX, ATI and OAI flights that are wholly within the European Union are now covered by the ETS requirements, and each year we are required to submit emission allowances in an amount equal to the carbon dioxide emissions from such flights. If we exceed the airlines' emission allowances, we will be required to purchase additional emission allowances on the open market.
Similarly, in 2016, the International Civil Aviation Organization (“ICAO”) passed a resolution adopting the Carbon Offsetting and Reduction Scheme for International Aviation (“CORSIA”), which is a global, market-based
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emissions offset program to encourage carbon-neutral growth beyond 2020. A pilot phase is scheduled to begin in 2021 in which countries may voluntarily participate, followed by a first phase of the program beginning in 2024 that is also voluntary, and full mandatory participation is scheduled to begin in 2027. The United States has agreed to participate in the two voluntary phases. ICAO continues to develop details regarding implementation, but compliance with CORSIA will increase our operating costs.
The U.S. Congress and certain states have also considered legislation regulating GHG emissions. In addition, even in the absence of such legislation, the EPA has sought to regulate GHG emissions, especially aircraft engine emissions. In July 2016, the EPA issued a finding that aircraft engine emissions cause or contribute to air pollution that may reasonably be anticipated to endanger public health. This finding is a regulatory prerequisite to the EPA’s adoption of a new certificate standard for aircraft emissions. In January 2021, the EPA issued a final rule regarding GHG emissions standards for new aircraft engines consistent with ICAO standards that were adopted in 2017. The EPA final rule does not apply to engines on aircraft that are already in service, as is also the case with the ICAO standards. However, the administration of President Biden has stated that it plans to review the EPA emissions standards issued by the prior Administration and, further, the EPA standards have been challenged by several states and environmental organizations. We cannot predict the results of the Biden administration's review or the outcome of legal challenges to the EPA's final rules. The U.S. also recently re-entered the Paris climate accord, an agreement among 196 countries to reduce GHG emissions, and the effect of the U.S. re-entering the Paris climate accord on future U.S. policy regarding GHG emissions, on CORSIA and on other GHG regulations is uncertain. The extent to which the U.S. and other countries implement the agreement could have an adverse impact on our Company.
The cost to comply with new and potential environmental laws and regulations could be substantial for the Company. These costs could include an increase in the cost of fuel and capital costs associated with updating aircraft, among other things. We cannot predict the effect on the Company’s cost structure or operating results of complying with future environmental laws and regulations in the U.S. and in foreign jurisdictions until the timing, scope and extent of such laws and regulations becomes better known. Further, even without such legislation or regulation, increased awareness and adverse publicity in the global marketplace about greenhouse gas emitted by companies in the airline and transportation industries could harm our reputation and reduce demand for our services.
We are required to safeguard proprietary information and sensitive or confidential data, including personal information of customers, employees and others.
To conduct our operations, we regularly move data across national borders, and consequently we are subject to a variety of continuously evolving and developing laws and regulations in the United States and abroad regarding privacy, data protection and security. The scope of the laws that may be applicable to us is often uncertain and may be conflicting, particularly with respect to foreign laws. The European Union's General Data Protection Regulation ("GDPR"), which greatly increases the jurisdictional reach of European Union law and adds a broad array of requirements for handling personal data, including the public disclosure of significant data breaches, became effective in May 2018. Other countries and states have enacted or are enacting privacy and data localization laws that require data to stay within their borders. All of these evolving compliance and operational requirements impose significant costs that are likely to increase over time.
Operational Risk
Our operating results will continue to be impacted by the coronavirus pandemic.
The COVID-19 pandemic has had an impact on our operations and financial results and is expected to continue to affect our operations and financial results. The extent of the impact that the coronavirus pandemic will have on our future operations and financial results will depend on future developments, including the duration, spread, severity and any recurrence of the COVID-19 virus; the availability and effectiveness of vaccines, the duration and scope of government orders and local restrictions; and the extent of the continued impact of the pandemic on overall economic conditions. These are highly uncertain and cannot reasonably be predicted.
We expect that our future operating results will be significantly impacted by the coronavirus pandemic during 2021 and possibly thereafter. Since February of 2020, the DoD has reduced normal personnel movements while most of our other passenger service customers suspended their operations and demand for commercial passenger charters significantly declined. The DoD and other government agencies contracted for special airlift capacity which may not be needed in the months ahead. As a result, we expect the passenger revenues of ACMI Services to decline in 2021. It is difficult to reasonably predict when flights will resume, the frequency with which flights will
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resume, and the length of time necessary before passenger flights substantially recover to pre-pandemic levels. The economic downturn resulting from the coronavirus pandemic has also resulted in the reduction of demand for other types of services including aircraft maintenance services.
Our airline operations rely on flight crews, aircraft maintenance technicians, flight support personnel and aircraft loading personnel. Maintaining the health of our employees during the pandemic is essential for us to operate safely and maintain customers' networks. We have added extra precautions and redundancies related to crew reserves, employee travel protocols, sanitation and other measures. However, flight delays and the additional costs associated with such precautions and redundancies could become significant. We rely on a skilled workforce to perform scheduled aircraft maintenance. We staff personnel near airports to sort customer packages, load aircraft and maintain related equipment. A coronavirus outbreak at one of our maintenance facilities, or at customer sorting centers could result in workforce shortages and facility closures.
Our costs incurred in providing airline services could be more than the contractual revenues generated.
Each airline develops business proposals for the performance of ACMI, CMI, charter and other services for its customers, crew productivity and maintenance expenses. Projections contain key assumptions, including maintenance costs, flight hours, aircraft reliability, crewmember productivity and crewmember compensation and benefits. We may overestimate revenues, the level of crewmember productivity, and/or underestimate the actual costs of providing services when preparing business proposals. If actual costs are higher than projected or aircraft reliability is less than expected, future operating results may be negatively impacted. Lastly, because the majority of OAI's business currently consists of flights chartered by the DoD for the transportation of DoD personnel, a downturn in the DoD's need for such services could adversely affect OAI's operating results.
The concentration of aircraft types and engines in the Company's airlines could adversely affect our operating and financial results.
Our combined aircraft fleet is concentrated in three aircraft types. If any of these aircraft types encounter technical difficulties that result in significant FAA airworthiness directives or grounding, our ability to lease the aircraft would be adversely impacted, as would our airlines' operations.
The cost of aircraft repairs and unexpected delays in the time required to complete aircraft maintenance could negatively affect our operating results.
Our airlines provide flight services throughout the world, sometimes operating in remote regions. Our aircraft may experience maintenance events in locations that do not have the necessary repair capabilities or are difficult to reach. As a result, we may incur additional expenses and lose billable revenues that we would have otherwise earned. Under certain customer agreements, we are required to provide a spare aircraft while scheduled maintenance is completed. If delays occur in the completion of aircraft maintenance, we may incur additional expense to provide airlift capacity and forgo revenues.
Our operating results could be adversely impacted by negotiations regarding collective bargaining agreements ("CBAs") with flight crewmember representatives.
The flight crewmembers for each of the Company's airlines are unionized. ABX and OAI's crewmembers are represented by the International Brotherhood of Teamsters ("IBT") while ATI's crewmembers are represented by the Air Line Pilots Association ("ALPA"). During the negotiation of CBA amendments, the airline and the union are each required to maintain the status quo of the CBA; neither the airline nor the union may engage in a lock-out, strike or other self-help until such time as they are released from further negotiations by the mediator for the National Mediation Board ("NMB"), and after the conclusion of a mandatory 30-day “cooling off” period. It is rare for mediators to declare an impasse and release the parties. Instead, the NMB prefers to require the parties to remain in negotiations until such time as they come to an agreement. Despite this process, it's possible for disruptions in customer service to occur from time to time, resulting in increased costs for the airline and monetary penalties under certain customer agreements if monthly reliability thresholds are not achieved. Further, if we do not maintain minimum reliability thresholds over an extended period of time, we could be found in default of one or more customer agreements.
Contract negotiations with a union could result in reduced flexibility for scheduling crewmembers and higher operating costs for the airlines, making the Company's airlines less competitive. If amendments to a CBA increases our costs and we cannot recover such increases, our operating results would be negatively impacted. In such event, it may be necessary for us to terminate customer contracts or curtail planned growth.
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The rate of aircraft deployments may impact the Company’s operating results and financial condition.
Our future operating results and financial condition will depend in part on our subsidiaries’ ability to successfully deploy aircraft in support of customers' operations while generating a positive return on investment. Our success will depend, in part, on our customers' ability to secure additional cargo volumes, in both U.S. and international markets. Deploying aircraft in international markets can pose additional risks, costs and regulatory requirements which could result in periods of delayed deployments. Deploying an aircraft into service typically requires various approvals from the FAA. Aircraft deployments could be delayed if such FAA approvals are delayed.
We may fail to meet the scheduled delivery date for aircraft required by customer agreements.
If CAM cannot meet the agreed delivery schedule for an aircraft lease, the customer may have the right to cancel the aircraft lease, thus delaying revenues until the aircraft can be completed and re-marketed successfully and exposing CAM to potential liability to the original customer.
Our airline operating agreements include on-time reliability requirements which can impact the Company's operating results and financial condition.
Certain of our airline operating agreements contain monthly incentive payments for reaching specific on-time reliability thresholds. Additionally, such airline operating agreements contain monetary penalties for aircraft reliability below certain thresholds. As a result, our operating revenues may vary from period to period depending on the achievement of monthly incentives or the imposition of penalties. Further, an airline could be found in default of an agreement if it does not maintain minimum thresholds over an extended period of time. If our airlines are placed in default due to the failure to maintain reliability thresholds, the customer may elect to terminate all or part of the services we provide under certain customer agreements after a cure period.
If ABX fails to maintain aircraft reliability above a minimum threshold under the restated CMI agreement with DHL for two consecutive calendar months or three months in a rolling twelve month period, we would be in default of the restated CMI agreement with DHL. In that event, DHL may elect to terminate the restated CMI agreement, unless we maintain the minimum reliability threshold during a 60-day cure period. If DHL terminates the CMI agreement due to an ABX event of default, we would be subject to a monetary penalty payable to DHL.
If our airlines fail to maintain aircraft reliability above a minimum threshold under the ATSA with ASI for either a specified number of consecutive calendar months or a specified number of calendar months (whether or not consecutive) in a specified trailing period, we could be held in default. In that event, ASI may elect to terminate the ATSA and pursue those rights and remedies available to it at law or in equity.
If OAI fails to maintain reliability above a minimum threshold under its contract with the DoD with respect to the flight segments flown during a given month, we could be held in default. In that event, the DoD may elect to terminate the contract. In addition, missions that experience carrier controllable delays are subject to monetary penalties. Depending on the delay interval, the compensation paid to OAI for the performance of the services can be reduced by a specified percentage amount.
Customers and Market Risk
The COVID-19 pandemic may have a long term impact on the demand for aviation services and our operating results.
Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, passenger air travel has declined sharply and many passenger airlines have temporarily removed a significant portion of their aircraft from service. The demand for passenger air travel could remain low for an extended period of time and accordingly, the value of airframes and engines could decline for the foreseeable future. If the COVID-19 pandemic persists or reemerges, our expectations of related operating cash flows could significantly decline. If such circumstances occur or appear likely to occur, we may need to impair the carrying value of certain recorded assets. If the coronavirus pandemic persists, we may need to terminate or furlough airline employees.
A limited number of key customers are critical to our business and the loss of one or more of such customers could materially adversely affect our business, results of operations and financial condition.
Our business is dependent on a limited number of key customers. There is a risk that any one of our key customers may not renew their contracts with us on favorable terms or at all, perhaps due to reasons beyond our
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control. As discussed in the risk factor below, certain key customers have the ability to terminate their agreements in advance of the expiration date.
The actual demand for Boeing 777, 767, 757 and Airbus A321 aircraft may be less than we anticipate. Customers may develop preferences for the Airbus A300-600 and A330 aircraft or other mid-size aircraft types, instead of the Boeing 777, 767 and 757 aircraft. The actual lease rates for aircraft available for lease may be less than we projected, or new leases may start later than we expect. Further, other airlines and lessors may be willing to offer aircraft to the market under terms more favorable to lessees.
Under the terms of our airline operating and aircraft lease agreements, customers may be able to terminate the agreements prior to their expiration date.
Customers can typically terminate for convenience one or more of the aircraft we operate for them under an airline operating agreement at any time during the term, subject to a 60-day notice period and paying the Company a fee. Additionally, the lease agreements may contain provisions for terminating an aircraft lease for convenience, including a notice period and paying a lump sum amount to the Company.
Amazon may terminate the ATSA in its entirety after providing 180 days of advance notice and paying to the Company a termination fee which reduces over the term of the agreement.
DHL may terminate the CMI agreement in its entirety after providing 180 days of advance notice and paying a termination fee which amortizes down during the term of the agreement.
The DoD may not renew our contracts or may reduce the number of routes that we operate.
Our contracts with the DoD are typically for one year and are not required to be renewed. The DoD may terminate the contracts for convenience or in the event we were to fail to satisfy reliability requirements or for other reasons. The number and frequency of routes is sensitive to changes in military priorities and U.S. defense budgets.
Lessees of our aircraft may fail to make contractual payments or fail to maintain the aircraft as required.
Our financial results depend in part on our lease customers' ability to make lease payments and maintain the related aircraft. Our customers' ability to make payments could be adversely impacted by changes to their financial liquidity, competitiveness, economic conditions and other factors. A default of an aircraft lease by a customer could negatively impact our operating results and cash flows and result in the repossession of the aircraft.
While we often require leasing customers to pay monthly maintenance deposits, customers are normally responsible for maintaining our aircraft during the lease term. Failure of a customer to perform required maintenance and maintain the appropriate records during the lease term could result in higher maintenance costs, a decrease in the value of the aircraft, a lengthy delay in or even our inability to redeploy the aircraft in a subsequent lease, any of which could have an adverse effect on our results of operations and financial condition.
The economic conditions in the U.S. and in other markets may negatively impact the demand for the Company’s aircraft and services.
Air transportation volumes are strongly correlated to general economic conditions, including the price of aviation fuel. An economic downturn could reduce the demand for delivery services offered by DHL, ASI and other delivery businesses, in particular expedited shipping services utilizing aircraft, as well as the demand for the chartered passenger flights OAI operates. Further, during an economic slowdown, cargo customers generally prefer to use ground-based or marine transportation services instead of more expensive air transportation services. Accordingly, an economic downturn could reduce the demand for airlift and aircraft leases.
Additionally, if the price of aviation fuel rises significantly, the demand for aircraft and air transportation services may decline. During periods of downward economic trends and rising fuel costs, freight forwarders and integrated delivery businesses are more likely to defer market expansion plans. When the cost of air transportation increases, the demand for passenger transportation may decline.
On occasion, declines in demand may stem from other uncontrollable factors such as geopolitical tensions or conflicts, trade embargoes or tariffs, and human health crises. We may experience delays in the deployment of available aircraft with customers under lease, ACMI or charter arrangements and our revenues may be adversely affected.
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Customer demand for aircraft maintenance facilities could negatively impact our financial results.
We lease and operate a 310,000 square foot, three-hangar aircraft maintenance facility and a 100,000 square foot component repair shop in Wilmington, Ohio. Additionally, we lease and operate a 311,500 square foot, two-hangar aircraft maintenance complex in Tampa, Florida. Accordingly, a large portion of the operating costs for our aircraft maintenance and conversion business are fixed. As a result, we need to retain existing aircraft maintenance business levels to maintain a profitable operation. The actual level of revenues may not be sufficient to cover our operating costs. Additionally, revenues from aircraft maintenance can vary among periods due to the timing of scheduled maintenance events and the completion level of work during a period.
Strategic investments in other businesses may not result in the desired benefits.
We enter into joint venture and other business ownership agreements with the expectation that such investments will result in various benefits including revenue growth through geographic diversification and product diversification, improved cash flows and better operating efficiencies. Achieving the anticipated benefits from such agreements is subject to a number of challenges and uncertainties. The expected benefits may be only partially realized or not at all, or may take longer to realize than expected, which could adversely impact our financial condition and results of operations. We may make additional capital contributions to these businesses.
Risk Related to Business Interruptions and Cybersecurity Incidents
Our operating results have been and will continue to be impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic
Some of our employees and employees of suppliers and service providers have tested positive for, or have been suspected of having, COVID-19. Additional instances of actual or perceived risk of infection among our employees, or our suppliers' or service providers’ employees, could further negatively impact our operations. We rely on a skilled workforce to perform aircraft maintenance. Similarly, we staff personnel near airports to sort customer packages, load aircraft and maintain related equipment. In addition to our own employees, we rely on services from suppliers and customers to operate efficiently and safely. Measures restricting the ability of airport personnel or flight crews to work may result in flights reductions. Our operations could be negatively affected if our own personnel or those of our suppliers and customers are quarantined or sickened as a result of exposure to COVID-19, or if they are subject to governmental curfews or “shelter in place” health orders. A COVID-19 outbreak at certain maintenance facilities, customer sorting centers or airports could result in workforce shortages or closures causing reduced revenues and higher expenses.
In addition to workforce shortages, the COVID-19 pandemic may result in parts shortages, maintenance delays, shortages of transportation and hotel accommodations for flight crews, any of which could result in reduced revenues and additional expenses. Similarly, the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic could result in the slower completion of aircraft freighter conversions which in turn would disrupt our aircraft leasing operations. Our customer base for aircraft maintenance revenues includes passenger airlines. Our operating results have been impacted and may continue to be impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic as passenger airlines reduce their needs for scheduled heavy airframe maintenance.
The Company's operating results could be negatively impacted by disruptions of its information technology and communication systems and data breaches.
Our businesses depend heavily on information technology and computerized systems to communicate and operate effectively. The Company's systems and technologies, or those of third parties on which we rely, could fail or become unreliable due to equipment failures, software viruses, ransomware attacks, malware attacks, cyberattacks, natural disasters, power failures, telecommunication outages, or other causes. Hackers, foreign governments, cyber-terrorists and cyber-criminals, acting individually or in coordinated groups, may launch distributed denial of service attacks or other coordinated attacks that may cause service outages, gain inappropriate or block legitimate access to systems or information, or result in other interruptions to our business. In addition, the foregoing breaches in security could expose us and our customers, or the individuals affected, to a risk of loss, disclosure or misuse of proprietary information and sensitive or confidential data, including personal information of customers, employees and others. Certain disruptions could prevent our airlines from flying as scheduled, possibly for an extended period of time, which could have a negative impact on our financial results and operating reliability. We continually monitor the risks of disruption, take preventative measures, develop backup plans and maintain
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redundancy capabilities. The measures we use may not prevent the causes of disruptions we could experience or help us recover failed systems quickly.
The costs of maintaining safeguards, recovery capabilities and preventive measures may continue to rise. Further, the costs of recovering or replacing a failed system could be very expensive.
We also depend on and interact with the information technology networks and systems of third parties for some aspects of our business operations, including our customers and service providers, such as cloud service providers. These third parties may have access to information we maintain about our company, operations, customers, employees and vendors, or operating systems that are critical to or can significantly impact our business operations. Like us, these third parties are subject to risks imposed by data breaches and IT systems disruptions like those described above, and other events or actions that could damage, disrupt or close down their networks or systems. Security processes, protocols and standards that we have implemented and contractual provisions requiring security measures that we may have sought to impose on such third parties may not be sufficient or effective at preventing such events. These events could result in unauthorized access to, or disruptions or denials of access to, misuse or disclosure of, information or systems that are important to our business, including proprietary information, sensitive or confidential data, and other information about our operations, customers, employees and suppliers, including personal information. Any of these events that impact our information technology networks or systems, or those of customers, service providers or other third parties, could result in disruptions in our operations, the loss of existing or potential customers, damage to our brand and reputation, regulatory scrutiny, and litigation and potential liability for us.
Among other consequences, our customers’ confidence in our ability to protect data and systems and to provide services consistent with their expectations could be impacted, further disrupting our operations. Similarly, an actual or alleged failure to comply with applicable U.S. or foreign data protection regulations or other data protection standards may expose us to litigation, fines, sanctions or other penalties.
Severe weather or other natural or man-made disasters and epidemics could adversely affect our business.
Severe weather conditions and other natural or man-made disasters, including storms, floods, fires or earthquakes, epidemics or pandemics, conflicts or unrest, or terrorist attacks, may result in decreased revenues, as our customers reduce their transportation needs, or increased costs to operate our business, which could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations for a quarter or year. Any such event affecting one of our major facilities could result in a significant interruption in or disruption of our business.
Third-Party Reliance Risk
We rely on third parties to modify aircraft and provide aircraft and engine maintenance.
We rely on certain third party aircraft modification service providers and aircraft and engine maintenance service providers that have expertise or resources that we do not have. Third party service providers may seek to impose price increases that could negatively affect our competitiveness in the airline markets. An unexpected termination or delay involving service providers could have a material adverse effect on our operations and financial results. A delay in an aircraft modification could adversely impact our revenues and our ability to place the aircraft in the market. We must manage third party service providers to meet schedules and turn-times and to control costs in order to remain competitive to our customers.
Delta TechOps, a division of Delta Airlines, Inc., is the primary engine maintenance provider for the Company's General Electric CF6 engines that power our fleet of Boeing 767 aircraft. If Delta TechOps does not complete the refurbishment of our engines within the contractual turn-times or if an unplanned replacement of Delta TechOps is required due to the deterioration of their performance or some other reason, our operations and financial results may be adversely impacted.
Financial Risk
Our Senior Credit Agreement and our Senior Notes include covenants that could limit our operating and financial flexibility.
The Senior Credit Agreement contains covenants including, among other requirements, limitations on certain additional indebtedness and guarantees of indebtedness. The Senior Credit Agreement is collateralized by certain of the Company's Boeing 777, 767 and 757 aircraft. Under the terms of the Senior Credit Agreement, the Company is required to maintain aircraft collateral coverage equal to 115% of the outstanding balance of the term loan and the
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total funded revolving credit facility. Our Senior Notes and related Indenture also include a number of restrictions and covenants including limitations on our ability to incur additional indebtedness, grant liens, make investments, repurchase or redeem capital stock, pay dividends, enter into transactions with affiliates, merge with other entities or transfer or sell assets. The covenants under the Senior Notes, which are generally no more restrictive than those set forth in the Senior Credit Agreement, are subject to exceptions and qualifications as described in the Indenture. Complying with these covenants in the Senior Credit Agreement and the Senior Notes may impair our ability to finance our operations or capital needs or to take advantage of other business opportunities. Our ability to comply with these covenants will depend on our future performance, which may be affected by events beyond our control. Our failure to comply with these covenants would represent an event of default. An event of default under the Senior Credit Agreement or the Senior Notes could result in all indebtedness thereunder being declared due and payable immediately.
Operating results may be affected by fluctuations in interest rates.
We enter into interest rate derivative instruments from time to time in conjunction with our debt levels. The Company's Senior Credit Agreement requires the Company to maintain derivative instruments for fluctuating interest rates for at least 50% of the outstanding balance of the unsubordinated term loans. We typically do not designate the derivative instruments as hedges for accounting purposes. Future fluctuations in LIBOR interest rates will result in the recording of gains and losses on interest rate derivatives that the Company holds.
Under the Senior Credit Agreement, interest rates are adjusted quarterly based on the prevailing LIBOR or prime rates and a ratio of the Company's outstanding debt level to earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization expenses ("EBITDA"). At the Company's current debt-to-EBITDA ratio, the unsubordinated term loans and the revolving credit facility both bear variable interest rates of 1.4%. Additional debt or lower EBITDA may result in higher interest rates on the variable rate portion of the Company's debt.
The Company sponsors defined benefit pension plans and post-retirement healthcare plans for certain eligible employees. The Company's related pension expense, the plans' funded status and funding requirements are sensitive to changes in interest rates. The plans' funded status and annual pension expense are recalculated at the beginning of each calendar year using the fair value of plan assets and market-based interest rates at that point in time, as well as assumptions for asset returns and other actuarial assumptions. Future fluctuations in interest rates, including the impact on asset returns, could result in the recording of additional expense for pension and other post-retirement healthcare plans.
The costs of insurance coverage or changes to our reserves for self-insured claims could affect our operating results and cash flows.
The Company is self-insured for certain claims related to workers’ compensation, aircraft, automobile, general liability and employee healthcare. We record a liability for reported claims and an estimate for incurred claims that have not yet been reported. Accruals for these claims are estimated utilizing historical paid claims data and recent claims trends. Changes in claim severity and frequency could impact our results of operations and cash flows.
The Company's future earnings and earnings per share, as reported under generally accepted accounting principles, will be impacted by the Amazon stock warrants.
The Amazon warrants are subject to fair value measurements during periods that they are outstanding. Accordingly, future fluctuations in the fair value of the warrants are expected to adversely impact the Company's reported earnings measures from time to time. See Note D in the accompanying consolidated financial statements of this report for further information about warrants.
If Amazon exercises its right to acquire shares of our common stock pursuant to the warrants, it will dilute the ownership interests of our then-existing stockholders and could adversely affect the market price of our common stock.
If Amazon exercises its right to acquire shares of our common stock pursuant to the warrants, it will dilute the ownership interests of our then-existing stockholders and reduce our earnings per share. In addition, any sales in the public market of any common stock issuable upon the exercise of the warrants by Amazon could adversely affect prevailing market prices of our common stock.
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Changes in the fair value of certain financial instruments could impact the financial results of the Company.
Certain financial instruments are subject to fair value measurements at the end of each reporting period. Accordingly, future fluctuations in their fair value may adversely impact the Company's reported earnings. See Note E in the accompanying consolidated financial statements of this report for further information about the fair value of our financial instruments.
The ability to use net operating loss carryforwards to offset future taxable income for U.S. federal income tax purposes may be further limited.
Limitations imposed on our ability to use net operating losses (“NOLs”) to offset future taxable income could cause U.S. federal income taxes to be paid earlier than otherwise would be paid if such limitations were not in effect and reduce the benefit of those NOLs. Similar rules and limitations may apply for state income tax purposes.
Changes in the ownership of the Company on the part of significant shareholders could limit our ability to use NOLs to offset future taxable income. In general, under Section 382 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”), a corporation that undergoes an “ownership change” is subject to limitations on its ability to utilize its pre-change NOLs to offset future taxable income. In general, an ownership change occurs if the aggregate stock ownership of significant stockholders increases by more than 50 percentage points over such stockholders’ lowest percentage ownership during the testing period (generally three years).
The convertible note hedge transactions and the warrant transactions that we entered into in September 2017 may affect the value of our common stock.
In connection with the pricing of our 1.125% senior convertible notes due 2024 (the "Convertible Notes") and the exercise by the initial purchasers of their option to purchase additional Convertible Notes, we entered into privately-negotiated convertible note hedge transactions with the hedge counterparties. The convertible note hedge transactions cover, subject to customary anti-dilution adjustments, the number of shares of common stock that initially underlie the Convertible Notes. We also entered into separate, privately-negotiated warrant transactions with the hedge counterparties relating to the same number of shares of our common stock that initially underlie the Convertible Notes, subject to customary anti-dilution adjustments.
The hedge counterparties and/or their affiliates may modify their hedge positions with respect to the Convertible Note hedge transactions and the warrant transactions from time to time. They may do so by purchasing and/or selling shares of our common stock and/or other securities of ours, including the Convertible Notes in privately-negotiated transactions and/or open-market transactions or by entering into and/or unwinding various over-the-counter derivative transactions with respect to our common stock. The hedge counterparties are likely to modify their hedge positions during any observation period for the Convertible Notes.
The effect, if any, of these activities on the market price of our common stock will depend on a variety of factors, including market conditions, and cannot be determined at this time. Any of these activities could, however, adversely affect the market price of our common stock. In addition, the hedge counterparties and/or their affiliates may choose to engage in, or to discontinue engaging in, any of these transactions with or without notice at any time, and their decisions will be at their sole discretion and not within our control.
We are subject to counterparty risk with respect to the Convertible Note hedge transactions. The hedge counterparties are financial institutions, and we will be subject to the risk that they might default under the Convertible Note hedge transactions. Our exposure to the credit risk of the hedge counterparties is unsecured by any collateral. Global economic conditions have from time to time resulted in failure or financial difficulties for many financial institutions. If a hedge counterparty becomes subject to insolvency proceedings, we will become an unsecured creditor in those proceedings with a claim equal to our exposure at that time under our transactions with that hedge counterparty. Our exposure will depend on many factors but, generally, the increase in our exposure will be correlated to the increase in the market price and volatility of our common stock. In addition, upon a default by a hedge counterparty, we may suffer adverse tax consequences and more dilution than we currently anticipate with respect to our common stock. We can provide no assurances as to the financial stability or viability of any hedge counterparty.
Conversion of the Convertible Notes or exercise of the warrants may dilute the ownership interest of stockholders. Any sales in the public market of the common stock issuable upon such conversion of the Convertible Notes or such exercise of the warrants could adversely affect prevailing market prices of our common stock. In
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addition, the existence of the Convertible Notes may encourage short selling by market participants because the conversion of the Convertible Notes could depress the price of our common stock.
We may need to reduce the carrying value of the Company’s assets.
The Company owns a significant amount of aircraft, aircraft parts and related equipment. Additionally, the balance sheet reflects assets for income tax carryforwards and other deferred tax assets. The removal of aircraft from service or continual losses from aircraft operations could require us to evaluate the recoverability of the carrying value of those aircraft, related parts and equipment and record an impairment charge through earnings to reduce the carrying value.
We have recorded goodwill and other intangible assets related to acquisitions and equity investments. If we are unable to achieve the projected levels of operating results, it may be necessary to record an impairment charge to reduce the carrying value of goodwill, equity investments and related intangible assets. Similarly, if we were to lose a key customer or one of our airlines were to lose its authority to operate, it could be necessary to record an impairment charge.
If the Company incurs operating losses or our estimates of expected future earnings indicate a decline, it may be necessary to reassess the need for a valuation allowance for some or all of the Company’s net deferred tax assets.
ITEM 1B. UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS
None.
ITEM 2. PROPERTIES
We lease portions of an air park in Wilmington, Ohio, under lease agreements with a regional port authority, the terms of which expire in June 2026 and June 2036 with options to extend. The leases include corporate offices, 310,000 square feet of maintenance hangars and a 100,000 square foot component repair shop at the air park. We also have the non-exclusive right to use the Wilmington airport, which includes one active runway, taxiways and ramp space. We also lease and operate a 311,500 square foot, two hangar aircraft maintenance complex at the Tampa International Airport in Florida. We lease approximately 82,500 square feet of office and warehouse space at the Tulsa International Airport in Oklahoma. We lease a facility having approximately 335,000 square feet in Chicago, Illinois and another facility having approximately 100,000 square feet in Orlando, Florida for our USPS mailing handling contracts. In addition, we lease smaller maintenance stations, offices and ramp space at certain airport and regional locations, typically on a short-term basis. Further, we lease warehousing space inside or near certain U.S. airports to support our customers' parcel handling requirements.
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As of December 31, 2020, our in-service aircraft fleet consisted of 100 owned aircraft and six aircraft leased from external companies. The majority of these aircraft were formerly passenger aircraft that have been modified for cargo operations. These cargo aircraft are generally described as being mid-size or having medium wide-body cargo capabilities. The cargo aircraft carry gross payloads ranging from approximately 47,900 to 129,000 pounds. These cargo aircraft are well suited for intra-continental flights and medium range inter-continental flights. The table below shows the combined fleet of aircraft in service condition.
| In-service Aircraft as of December 31, 2020 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Aircraft Type | Total | Owned | Operating Lease | Year of Manufacture | Gross Payload (Lbs.) | Still Air Range (Nautical Miles) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 767-200 SF (1) | 33 | 33 | — | 1982 - 1987 | 85,000 - 100,000 | 1,700 - 5,300 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 767-200 Passenger | 3 | 2 | 1 | 2001 | 63,000 - 73,000 | 6,500 - 7,600 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 767-300 SF (1) | 52 | 50 | 2 | 1988 - 1999 | 121,000 - 129,000 | 3,200 - 7,100 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 767-300 Passenger | 10 | 7 | 3 | 1993 - 2002 | 85,000 - 99,700 | 6,300 - 7,200 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 777-200 Passenger | 3 | 3 | — | 2004 - 2007 | 119,500 - 123,900 | 8,700 - 9,500 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 757-200 PCF (1) | 1 | 1 | — | 1984 - 1991 | 68,000 | 2,100 - 4,800 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 757-200 Combi (2) | 4 | 4 | — | 1989 - 1992 | 58,000 | 2,600 - 4,300 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total in-service | 106 | 100 | 6 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
____________________
(1)These aircraft are configured for standard cargo containers loaded through large standard main deck cargo doors.
(2)These aircraft are configured as “combi” aircraft capable of simultaneously carrying passengers and cargo containers on the main deck.
In addition, as of December 31, 2020, CAM had one Boeing 767-200 passenger aircraft and three 757-200 PCF aircraft that are not reflected in the table above. CAM also owns eight Boeing 767-300 aircraft which were undergoing or preparing to undergo modification to a standard freighter configuration and are expected to be completed in 2020.
We believe that our existing facilities and aircraft fleet are appropriate for our current operations. As described in Note I to the accompanying financial statements of this report, we plan to invest in additional aircraft to meet our growth plans. We may make additional investments in aircraft and facilities if we identify favorable opportunities in the markets that we serve.
ITEM 3. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
We are currently a party to legal proceedings in various federal and state jurisdictions arising out of the operation of the Company's business. The amount of alleged liability, if any, from these proceedings cannot be determined with certainty; however, we believe that the Company's ultimate liability, if any, arising from the pending legal proceedings, as well as from asserted legal claims and known potential legal claims which are probable of assertion, taking into account established accruals for estimated liabilities, should not be material to our financial condition or results of operations.
ITEM 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES
Not applicable
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PART II
ITEM 5. MARKET FOR REGISTRANT’S COMMON EQUITY, RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS, AND ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES
Market Information
The Company's common stock is publicly traded on the NASDAQ Global Select Market under the symbol ATSG. The closing price of ATSG’s common stock was $26.69 on March 1, 2021.
Holders
On March 1, 2021, there were approximately 1,325 stockholders of record of ATSG’s common stock.
Dividends
We currently do not pay a dividend. Future dividends, if any, and the timing of declaration of any such dividends, will be at the discretion of the Board and will depend upon many factors including, but not limited to, certain restrictions that we have on our ability to pay dividends. We are restricted from paying dividends on our common stock in excess of $100.0 million during any calendar year under the provisions of the Senior Credit Agreement. Additionally, the Senior Notes and related Indenture generally restrict our ability to pay dividends on or make distributions in respect of capital stock or make certain other restricted payments or investments, subject to certain exceptions therein including, upon the satisfaction of certain conditions, the making of permitted dividends up to $100.0 million during any calendar year and other additional permitted dividends, investments and other restricted payments not to exceed the amounts set forth therein. We have also agreed to suspend the payment of dividends on our shares through March 31, 2022, in connection with our receipt of funding under the CARES Act and PSP Extension Law.
Securities authorized for issuance under equity compensation plans
For the response to this Item, see Item 12 of this report.
Purchases of equity securities by the issuer and affiliated purchasers
The Senior Credit Agreement limits the amount of common stock the Company can repurchase to $100.0 million during any calendar year, provided the Company's total debt to EBITDA ratio is under 3.50 times, after giving effect to the repurchase.
On August 5, 2014, the Board of Directors authorized the Company to repurchase up to $50.0 million of outstanding common stock. In May 2016, the Board amended the Company's common stock repurchase program increasing the amount that management may repurchase from $50.0 million to $100.0 million of outstanding common stock. In February 2018, the Board increased the authorization from $100.0 million to $150.0 million (less amounts previously repurchased). The Board's authorization does not require the Company to repurchase a specific number of shares or establish a time frame for any repurchase and the Board may terminate the repurchase program at any time. Repurchases may be made from time to time in the open market or in privately negotiated transactions. There is no expiration date for the repurchase program. There were no repurchases made during the fourth quarter of 2020. As of December 31, 2020, the Company had repurchased 6,592,349 shares and the maximum dollar value of shares that could then be purchased under the program was $61.3 million.
The share repurchase program has been suspended until the CARES Act and PSP Extension Law restrictions on the repurchase of shares have lapsed. For more information, see Note I of the accompanying consolidated financial statements in this report.
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Performance Graph
The graph below compares the cumulative total stockholder return on a $100 investment in ATSG’s common stock with the cumulative total return of a $100 investment in the NASDAQ Composite Index and the cumulative total return of a $100 investment in the NASDAQ Transportation Index for the period beginning on December 31, 2015 and ending on December 31, 2020.
| 12/31/2015 | 12/31/2016 | 12/31/2017 | 12/31/2018 | 12/31/2019 | 12/31/2020 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Air Transport Services Group, Inc. | 100.00 | 158.33 | 229.56 | 226.69 | 232.74 | 310.91 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| NASDAQ Composite Index | 100.00 | 108.87 | 141.13 | 137.12 | 187.44 | 271.64 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| NASDAQ Transportation Index | 100.00 | 122.20 | 150.56 | 135.68 | 163.91 | 167.87 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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ITEM 6. SELECTED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL DATA
The following selected consolidated financial data should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and the notes thereto and the information contained in Item 7 “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.” The selected consolidated financial data and the consolidated operations data below are derived from the Company’s audited consolidated financial statements.
| As of and for the Years Ended December 31 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2020 | 2019 | 2018 | 2017 | 2016 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (In thousands, except per share data) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| OPERATING RESULTS: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Revenues from continuing operations (1) | $ | 1,570,575 | $ | 1,452,183 | $ | 892,345 | $ | 1,068,200 | $ | 768,870 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Operating expenses (6) (7) | 1,364,185 | 1,275,186 | 781,327 | 968,800 | 698,307 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net interest expense and other non operating charges (3) | 64,226 | 93,123 | 30,836 | 26,147 | 18,002 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Financial instrument (gain) loss (2) | 100,771 | 12,302 | (7,296) | 79,789 | 18,107 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Earnings (loss) from continuing operations before income taxes | 41,393 | 71,572 | 87,478 | (6,536) | 34,454 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Income tax gain (expense) (4) | (16,314) | (11,589) | (19,595) | 28,276 | (13,394) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Earnings from continuing operations | 25,079 | 59,983 | 67,883 | 21,740 | 21,060 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Earnings (loss) from discontinued operations, net of taxes (3) | 7,036 | 1,219 | 1,402 | (3,245) | 2,428 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Consolidated net earnings | $ | 32,115 | $ | 61,202 | $ | 69,285 | $ | 18,495 | $ | 23,488 | |||||||||||||||||||
| EARNINGS PER SHARE FROM CONTINUING OPERATIONS: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Basic | $ | 0.42 | $ | 1.02 | $ | 1.16 | $ | 0.37 | $ | 0.34 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Diluted | $ | 0.42 | $ | 0.78 | $ | 0.89 | $ | 0.36 | $ | 0.33 | |||||||||||||||||||
| FINANCIAL DATA: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 39,719 | $ | 46,201 | $ | 59,322 | $ | 32,699 | $ | 16,358 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Property and equipment, net | 1,939,776 | 1,766,020 | 1,555,005 | 1,159,962 | 1,000,992 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Goodwill and intangible assets (5) | 516,290 | 527,654 | 535,359 | 44,577 | 45,586 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total assets | 3,001,745 | 2,820,178 | 2,470,585 | 1,548,844 | 1,259,330 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Post-retirement liabilities (3) | 36,862 | 40,971 | 68,907 | 63,266 | 79,528 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Long term debt and current maturities, other than leases | 1,479,077 | 1,484,384 | 1,401,252 | 515,758 | 458,721 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Deferred income tax liability (4) | 141,265 | 127,476 | 113,243 | 99,444 | 122,532 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Stockholders’ equity | 855,497 | 460,342 | 436,438 | 395,279 | 311,902 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
____________________
(1)Beginning in 2018, revenues reflect the adoption of Financial Accounting Standards Board's Accounting Standards Update No. 2014-09, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606)” using a modified retrospective approach, under which financial statements are prepared under the revised guidance for the year of adoption, but not for prior years.
(2)During 2020, 2019, 2018, 2017 and 2016, the re-measurement of financial instrument fair values, primarily for warrants granted to a customer, resulted in losses of $100.8 million and $12.3 million, gains of $7.3 million, losses of $79.8 million and losses of $18.1 million, respectively, before income taxes. (See Note D to the accompanying consolidated financial statements.)
(3)Effective December 31, 2016, ABX modified its unfunded, non-pilot retiree medical plan to terminate benefits to all participants. As a result, ABX recorded a pre-tax gain of $2.0 million to continued operations. On August 30, 2017, ABX recorded pre-tax settlement charges of $5.3 million to continued operations and $7.6 million to discontinued operations due to the purchase of a group annuity contract for pension benefits.
(4)Earnings from continuing operations for 2017 was impacted by a $59.9 million reduction in deferred income taxes related to the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act legislation enacted in December 2017. (See Note K to the accompanying consolidated financial statements.)
(5)On November 9, 2018, the Company acquired Omni. (See Note B and Note C to the accompanying consolidated financial statements.)
(6)During 2020, two of the Company's airlines was granted government funds of $75.8 million pursuant to the payroll support program under the Coronavirus Aid, Relief and Economic Security Act. The Company has recognized $47.2 million of the grants into operating expenses during 2020. (See Note I to the accompanying consolidated financial statements.)
(7)In 2020, the Company recorded an impairment charge of $39.1 million on aircraft and related assets. (See Note F to the accompanying consolidated financial statements.)
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ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
The following Management’s Discussion and Analysis has been prepared with reference to the historical financial condition and results of operations of Air Transport Services Group, Inc., and its subsidiaries. It should be read in conjunction with the accompanying consolidated financial statements and related notes included in Item 8 of this report as well as Business Development described in Item 1 and Risk Factors in Item 1A of this report.
INTRODUCTION
We lease aircraft and provide airline operations, aircraft modification and maintenance services, ground services, and other support services to the air transportation and logistics industries. Through the Company's subsidiaries, we offer a range of complementary services to delivery companies, freight forwarders, e-commerce operators, airlines and government customers. Our principal subsidiaries include three independently certificated airlines (ABX, ATI and OAI) and an aircraft leasing company (CAM).
The health and safety of our employees is paramount. Maintaining the health of our employees during the /COVID-19 pandemic is essential for us to operate safely and maintain our customers' networks. We have taken precautions to prevent, detect and limit the spread of the COVID-19 virus in the workplace. These practices include daily temperature checks, requiring face masks, periodically sanitizing facilities, frequent cleaning of high touch surfaces, supporting remote working, travel restrictions, promoting social distancing and frequent hand washing, contact tracing, quarantining, and other practices prescribed by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Our airline operations rely on flight crews, aircraft maintenance technicians, flight support personnel and aircraft loading personnel. We rely on a skilled workforce to perform aircraft maintenance. Similarly, we staff personnel near airports to sort customer packages, load aircraft and maintain related equipment. We have added extra precautions and redundancies related to crews reserves, employee travel protocols, sanitation and other measures. We have not experienced a wide-spread outbreak at any location. However, a COVID-19 outbreak among our flight crews, at one of our maintenance facilities, at customer sorting centers or an airport could result in workforce shortages, facility closures and significant numbers of flight cancellations. In such event, flight delays and additional costs could become significant. A COVID-19 outbreak at one of our maintenance facilities, or at customer sorting centers could result in workforce shortages and facility closures.
We have two reportable segments: CAM, which leases Boeing 777, 767, and 757 aircraft and aircraft engines, and ACMI Services, which includes the cargo and passenger transportation operations of the three airlines. Our other business operations, which primarily provide support services to the transportation industry, include providing aircraft maintenance and modification services to customers, load transfer and sorting services as well as related equipment maintenance services. These operations do not constitute reportable segments. On November 9, 2018, the Company acquired OAI, a passenger airline, along with related entities (referred to collectively as "Omni"). Revenues and operating expenses include the activities of Omni for periods since their acquisition by the Company on November 9, 2018.
At December 31, 2020, we owned 100 Boeing aircraft that were in revenue service. At December 31, 2020, CAM also owned eight Boeing 767-300 aircraft either already undergoing or awaiting induction into the freighter conversion process. In addition to these aircraft, we leased two freighter aircraft provided by a customer and four passenger aircraft. Our largest customers are the U.S. Department of Defense (DoD), ASI, which is a subsidiary of Amazon, and DHL.
The DoD comprised 31%, 34% and 15% of the Company's consolidated revenues during the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018, respectively. The Company's airlines have been providing passenger and cargo airlift services to the U.S. DoD since the mid 1990's. Contracts with the USTC are typically for a one-year period, however, the current passenger international charter contract has a two-year term with option periods, at the election of the DoD, through September 2024 and the contract with ATI to provide combi aircraft operations, runs through December 2021. Due to the acquisition of OAI, the DoD comprises a larger portion of our 2020 and 2019 consolidated revenues compared to previous years.
Revenues from our commercial arrangements with ASI comprised approximately 30%, 23% and 27% of our consolidated revenues during the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018, respectively. On March 8, 2016, we entered into an Air Transportation Services Agreement (as amended, the “ATSA”) with ASI pursuant to which we lease Boeing 767 freighter aircraft to ASI, operate the aircraft via our airline subsidiaries and provide ground
30
handling services by our subsidiary, LGSTX. Under the ATSA, we operate aircraft based on pre-defined fees scaled for the number of aircraft hours flown, aircraft scheduled and flight crews provided to ASI for its network. The operating term of the ATSA runs through March of 2024 and is thereafter subject to renewal provisions. The aircraft lease terms range from 5 to 10 years. For more information about the ATSA, including its amendments, see Item 1 of this report.
The table below summarizes aircraft lease placements and commitments with Amazon as of December 31, 2020.
| Amazon | Year of | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| # of Leases | Commencement | Expiration | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Leased | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Boeing 767-200 | 12 | 2016 | 2023 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Boeing 767-300 | 2 | 2016 | 2026 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Boeing 767-300 | 6 | 2017 | 2027 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Boeing 767-300 | 6 | 2019 | 2029 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Boeing 767-300 | 5 | 2020 | 2030 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Lease Commitments | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Boeing 767-300 | 11 | 2021 | 2031 | ||||||||||||||||||||
In conjunction with the execution of the ATSA and its amendments, the Company and Amazon entered into an Investment Agreement and a Stockholders Agreement on March 8, 2016 (the 2016 Investment Agreement) and a second Investment Agreement on December 20, 2018 (the 2018 Investment Agreement). Pursuant to these Investment Agreements, the Company issued warrants to Amazon in conjunction with aircraft leases. Through the 2016 and 2018 Investment Agreements and the exercise of the warrants granted thereunder, Amazon could potentially own approximately 39.9% of the Company if all the issued and issuable warrants vest and are settled in full with cash.
Our accounting for the warrants issued to Amazon has been determined in accordance with the financial reporting guidance for financial instruments. The fair value of the warrants issued or issuable to Amazon are recorded as a lease incentive asset and are amortized against revenues over the duration of the aircraft leases. The warrants are accounted for as financial instruments, and accordingly, the fair value of the outstanding warrants are measured and classified in liabilities at the end of each reporting period. The Company's earnings are impacted by the fair value re-measurement of the Amazon warrants classified in liabilities at the end of each reporting period, customer incentive amortization and the related income tax effects. For income tax calculations, the value and timing of related tax deductions will differ from the guidance described below for financial reporting.
For additional information about the warrants, see Note D to the accompanying consolidated financial statements in this report.
DHL accounted for 12%, 14% and 26% of the Company's consolidated revenues, excluding directly reimbursed revenues, during the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018, respectively. Under a CMI agreement with DHL, ABX operates and maintains aircraft based on pre-defined fees scaled for the number of aircraft hours flown, aircraft scheduled and flight crews provided to DHL for its network. Under the pricing structure of the CMI agreement, ABX is responsible for complying with FAA airworthiness directives, the cost of Boeing 767 airframe maintenance and certain engine maintenance events for the aircraft leased to DHL that it operates. As of December 31, 2020, the Company, through CAM, leased 14 Boeing 767 aircraft to DHL comprised of seven Boeing 767-200 aircraft and seven Boeing 767-300 aircraft, expiring between 2021 and 2024. Eight of the 14 Boeing 767 aircraft were being operated by the Company's airlines for DHL. We also operated four CAM-owned Boeing 757 aircraft under other operating arrangements with DHL during 2019 and the first half of 2020. During 2020, DHL terminated operating agreements for three of the Boeing 757 aircraft. The decline in the percentage of revenues from DHL primarily reflects the removal of the Boeing 757 operations and increased revenues from other customers compared to last year.
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RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
Revenue and Earnings Summary
External customer revenues from continuing operations increased by $118.4 million, or 8%, to $1,570.6 million during 2020 compared to 2019. Customer revenues increased in 2020 for contracted airline services, charter flights, aircraft leasing and aviation fuel sales, compared to the previous year periods. Beginning in late February 2020, our revenues were disrupted due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The DoD and other customers began canceling scheduled passenger flights as a result of the pandemic. The decline in revenues from these cancellations was offset by an increase in flying for our customers' package delivery networks and charter flight operations during 2020. Revenues for 2018 were $892.3 million and included only a few weeks of revenue for OAI which was acquired on November 9, 2018.
The consolidated net earnings from continuing operations were $25.1 million for 2020 compared to $60.0 million for 2019 and $67.9 million for 2018. The pre-tax earnings from continuing operations were $41.4 million for 2020 compared to $71.6 million for 2019 and $87.5 million for 2018. Earnings were affected by the following specific events and certain adjustments that do not directly reflect our underlying operations among the years presented.
On a pre-tax basis, earnings included net losses of $100.8 million and $12.3 million and net gains of $7.3 million for the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018, respectively, for the re-measurement of financial instruments, including warrant obligations granted to Amazon.
•Pre-tax earnings were also reduced by $20.7 million, $17.2 million and $16.9 million for the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018, respectively, for the amortization of customer incentives given to ASI in the form of warrants.
•Pre-tax earnings from continuing operations included expenses of $12.0 million, gains of $9.4 million and expenses of $8.2 million for the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018, respectively, for settlement charges, curtailments and other non-service components of retiree benefit plans.
•Pre-tax earnings included losses of $13.6 million, $17.4 million and $10.5 million for the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018, respectively, for the Company's share of development costs for a joint venture and the partial sale of an airline investment.
•Pre-tax earnings for the year ending December 31, 2020 were decreased by an impairment charge of $39.1 million for our four Boeing 757 freighter aircraft and related assets.
•During 2020, the Company recognized $47.2 million of government grants from the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act (“CARES Act”).
•Pre-tax earnings for 2019 and 2018 also included expense of $0.4 million and $5.3 million, respectively, for acquisition fees incurred during the Company's acquisition of Omni.
After removing the effects of these items, adjusted pre-tax earnings from continuing operations, a non-GAAP measure (a definition and reconciliation of adjusted pre-tax earnings from continuing operations follows), were $156.2 million for 2020 compared to $128.3 million for 2019 and $104.6 million for 2018.
Adjusted pre-tax earnings from continuing operations for 2020 improved by 21.8% compared to 2019, driven by increased revenues primarily from CAM and the ACMI Services segments. While improved, our results in 2020, particularly for commercial passenger flying, DoD flying and aircraft maintenance services, were detrimentally impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic. Adjusted pre-tax earnings from continuing operations for 2019 improved by 22.6% compared to 2018, driven primarily by additional revenues and the improved financial results of our airline operations, including Omni, which we acquired in November 2018. Adjusted pre-tax earnings for 2019 also improved due to additional aircraft leases and the expansion of gateway ground operations for ASI. Pre-tax earnings for 2019 included additional interest expense of $37.8 million due to the acquisition of Omni and the expansion of the fleet.
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A summary of our revenues and pre-tax earnings and adjusted pre-tax earnings from continuing operations is shown below (in thousands):
| Years Ending December 31 | |||||||||||||||||
| 2020 | 2019 | 2018 | |||||||||||||||
| Revenues from Continuing Operations: | |||||||||||||||||
| CAM | |||||||||||||||||
| Aircraft leasing and related services | $ | 327,170 | $ | 301,984 | $ | 245,860 | |||||||||||
| Lease incentive amortization | (18,509) | (16,708) | (16,904) | ||||||||||||||
| Total CAM | 308,661 | 285,276 | 228,956 | ||||||||||||||
| ACMI Services | 1,147,279 | 1,078,288 | 548,839 | ||||||||||||||
| Other Activities | 334,300 | 314,014 | 286,579 | ||||||||||||||
| Total Revenues | 1,790,240 | 1,677,578 | 1,064,374 | ||||||||||||||
| Eliminate internal revenues | (219,665) | (225,395) | (172,029) | ||||||||||||||
| Customer Revenues | $ | 1,570,575 | $ | 1,452,183 | $ | 892,345 | |||||||||||
| Pre-Tax Earnings (Loss) from Continuing Operations: | |||||||||||||||||
| CAM, inclusive of interest expense | $ | 77,424 | $ | 68,643 | $ | 65,576 | |||||||||||
| ACMI Services | 66,897 | 32,055 | 11,448 | ||||||||||||||
| Other Activities | (5,933) | 13,422 | 11,170 | ||||||||||||||
| Net unallocated interest expense | (2,825) | (3,024) | (460) | ||||||||||||||
| Government grants | 47,231 | — | — | ||||||||||||||
| Impairment of aircraft and related assets | (39,075) | — | — | ||||||||||||||
| Net financial instrument re-measurement (loss) gain | (100,771) | (12,302) | 7,296 | ||||||||||||||
| Transaction fees | — | (373) | (5,264) | ||||||||||||||
| Other non-service components of retiree benefits costs, net | 12,032 | (9,404) | 8,180 | ||||||||||||||
| Loss from non-consolidated affiliate | (13,587) | (17,445) | (10,468) | ||||||||||||||
| Pre-Tax Earnings (Loss) from Continuing Operations | 41,393 | 71,572 | 87,478 | ||||||||||||||
| Add other non-service components of retiree benefit costs, net | (12,032) | 9,404 | (8,180) | ||||||||||||||
| Less government grants | (47,231) | — | — | ||||||||||||||
| Add impairment of aircraft and related assets | 39,075 | — | — | ||||||||||||||
| Add charges for non-consolidated affiliates | 13,587 | 17,445 | 10,468 | ||||||||||||||
| Add lease incentive amortization | 20,671 | 17,178 | 16,904 | ||||||||||||||
| Add transaction fees | — | 373 | 5,264 | ||||||||||||||
| Add net loss (gain) on financial instruments | 100,771 | 12,302 | (7,296) | ||||||||||||||
| Adjusted Pre-Tax Earnings from Continuing Operations | $ | 156,234 | $ | 128,274 | $ | 104,638 | |||||||||||
Adjusted pre-tax earnings from continuing operations, a non-GAAP measure, is pre-tax earnings excluding the following: (i) settlement charges and other non-service components of retiree benefit costs; (ii) gains and losses for the fair value re-measurement of financial instruments; (iii) customer incentive amortization; (iv) the transaction fees related to the acquisition of Omni; (v) the start-up costs of a non-consolidated joint venture; (vi) the sale of an airline investment and (vii) impairment charges for aircraft and related assets. We exclude these items from adjusted pre-tax earnings because they are distinctly different in their predictability or not closely related to our on-going operating activities. We also excluded the recognition of government grants from adjusted earnings to improve comparability between periods. Management uses adjusted pre-tax earnings to compare the performance of core operating results between periods. Presenting this measure provides investors with a comparative metric of fundamental operations while highlighting changes to certain items among periods. Adjusted pre-tax earnings should not be considered in isolation or as a substitute for analysis of the Company's results as reported under GAAP.
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Aircraft Fleet Summary
Our fleet of cargo and passenger aircraft is summarized in the following table as of December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018. Our CAM-owned operating aircraft fleet has increased by 12 aircraft since the end of 2018, driven by customer demand for the Boeing 767-300 converted freighter. Our freighters, converted from passenger aircraft, utilize standard shipping containers and can be deployed into regional cargo markets more economically than larger capacity aircraft, newly built freighters or other competing alternatives. At December 31, 2020, the Company owned eight Boeing 767-300 aircraft that were either already undergoing or awaiting induction into the freighter conversion process.
Aircraft fleet activity during 2020 is summarized below:
•CAM completed the modification of seven Boeing 767-300 freighter aircraft purchased in the previous year and began to lease six of these aircraft to external customers under a multi-year lease. ATI operates two of these aircraft for the customer. CAM leased the seventh aircraft to ATI.
•CAM completed the modification of two Boeing 767-300 freighter aircraft purchased in 2020 and began to lease one of these aircraft to an external customer under a multi-year lease. CAM leased the other aircraft to ATI.
•CAM leased two Boeing 767-300 freighter aircraft purchased during 2020 to an external customer under a multi-year lease. ATI operates these aircraft for the customer.
•CAM leased two Boeing 767-200 freighter aircraft to external customers under a multi-year lease.
•CAM sold one Boeing 767-300 freighter aircraft to an external customer.
•An external customer returned one Boeing 737-400 freighter aircraft to CAM. CAM sold the Boeing 737-400 aircraft to another external customer during the second quarter of 2020.
•An external customer returned one Boeing 767-200 freighter aircraft to CAM. This aircraft was leased to an external customer under a multi-year lease.
•CAM purchased two Boeing 767-300 freighter aircraft and nine Boeing 767-300 passenger aircraft for the purpose of converting the passenger aircraft into a standard freighter configuration. Four of these aircraft were leased to customers as noted above. The remaining aircraft are expected to be leased to external customers during 2021.
•ABX returned two Boeing 767-200 freighter aircraft and one Boeing 767-300 freighter aircraft to CAM. CAM leased the Boeing 767-300 aircraft to an external customer under a multi-year lease and the two Boeing 767-200 freighters were retired.
•ATI returned three Boeing 757-200 freighter aircraft to CAM and the aircraft were retired.
•ATI returned one Boeing 767-300 freighter aircraft to CAM. CAM leased the Boeing 767-300 aircraft to an external customer under a multi-year lease. ATI operates this aircraft for the customer.
•OAI began to lease two Boeing 767-300 passenger aircraft from an external lessor.
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| 2020 | 2019 | 2018 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| ACMI Services | CAM | Total | ACMI Services | CAM | Total | ACMI Services | CAM | Total | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| In-service aircraft | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Aircraft owned | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Boeing 767-200 Freighter | 5 | 28 | 33 | 7 | 26 | 33 | 5 | 29 | 34 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Boeing 767-200 Passenger | 2 | — | 2 | 2 | — | 2 | 2 | — | 2 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Boeing 767-300 Freighter | 5 | 45 | 50 | 5 | 35 | 40 | 5 | 28 | 33 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Boeing 767-300 Passenger | 7 | — | 7 | 7 | — | 7 | 6 | — | 6 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Boeing 777-200 Passenger | 3 | — | 3 | 3 | — | 3 | 3 | — | 3 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Boeing 757-200 Freighter | 1 | — | 1 | 4 | — | 4 | 4 | — | 4 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Boeing 757-200 Combi | 4 | — | 4 | 4 | — | 4 | 4 | — | 4 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Boeing 737-400 Freighter | — | — | — | — | 1 | 1 | — | 2 | 2 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total | 27 | 73 | 100 | 32 | 62 | 94 | 29 | 59 | 88 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Operating lease | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Boeing 767-200 Passenger | 1 | — | 1 | 1 | — | 1 | 1 | — | 1 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Boeing 767-300 Passenger | 3 | — | 3 | 1 | — | 1 | 1 | — | 1 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Boeing 767-300 Freighter | 2 | — | 2 | 2 | — | 2 | — | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total | 6 | — | 6 | 4 | — | 4 | 2 | — | 2 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other aircraft | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Owned Boeing 767-300 under modification | — | 8 | 8 | — | 8 | 8 | — | 5 | 5 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Owned Boeing 767 available or staging for lease | — | — | — | — | 2 | 2 | — | 1 | 1 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
As of December 31, 2020, ABX, ATI and OAI were leasing 27 in-service aircraft internally from CAM for use in ACMI Services. Of CAM's 28 externally leased Boeing 767-200 freighter aircraft, 12 were leased to ASI and operated by ABX or ATI, one was leased to DHL and operated by ABX, six were leased to DHL and were being operated by a DHL-affiliated airline and nine were leased to other external customers. Of the 45 Boeing 767-300 freighter aircraft, 19 were leased to ASI and operated by ABX or ATI, seven were leased to DHL and operated by ABX, and 19 were leased to other external customers, one of which was operated by ATI. The carrying values of the total in-service fleet as of December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018 were $1,535.3 million, $1,387.6 million and $1,334.9 million, respectively.
The table above does not reflect one Boeing 767-200 passenger aircraft and three Boeing 757 aircraft that are being marketed for sale.
2020 and 2019
CAM
CAM offers aircraft leasing and related services to external customers and also leases aircraft internally to the Company's airlines. CAM acquires passenger aircraft and manages the modification of the aircraft into freighters. The follow-on aircraft leases normally cover a term of five to ten years.
As of December 31, 2020 and 2019, CAM had 73 and 62 aircraft under lease to external customers, respectively. CAM's revenues grew by $23.4 million during 2020 compared to 2019, primarily as a result of additional aircraft leases. Revenues from external customers totaled $205.0 million and $168.1 million for 2020 and 2019, respectively. CAM's revenues from the Company's airlines totaled $103.6 million during 2020, compared to $117.2 million for 2019. CAM's aircraft leasing and related services revenues, which exclude customer lease incentive amortization, increased $25.2 million in 2020 compared to 2019, as a result of new aircraft leases in 2020.
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During 2020, CAM added 11 Boeing 767-300 aircraft to its portfolio and placed 11 Boeing 767-300 aircraft to external customers under long-term leases.
CAM's pre-tax earnings, inclusive of internally allocated interest expense, were $77.4 million and $68.6 million during 2020 and 2019, respectively. Increased pre-tax earnings reflect the eleven aircraft placed into service in 2020, offset by a $1.0 million increase in internally allocated interest expense due to higher debt levels and a $13.5 million increase in depreciation expense driven by the addition of eleven Boeing aircraft in 2020 compared to 2019.
In addition to the eight Boeing 767-300 aircraft which were in the modification process at December 31, 2020, CAM has agreements to purchase five more Boeing 767-300 aircraft and expects to complete their modifications through 2021. CAM's operating results will depend on its continuing ability to convert passenger aircraft into freighters within planned costs and within the time frames required by customers. We expect to lease at least twelve newly modified Boeing 767-300 freighters and re-deploy four Boeing 767-300 freighters during 2021, comprising eleven to Amazon and five to other external customers. CAM's future operating results will also depend on the timing and lease rates under which aircraft are redeployed when leases expire. During 2021, three leases for Boeing 767-200 aircraft are expected to be returned. CAM's future operating results will also be impacted by the additional amortization of warrant incentives as incremental long-term aircraft leases to ASI commence.
ACMI Services
The ACMI Services segment provides airline operations to its customers, typically under contracts providing for a combination of aircraft, crews, maintenance, insurance and aviation fuel. Our customers are typically responsible for supplying the necessary aviation fuel and cargo handling services and reimbursing our airline for other operating expenses such as landing fees, ramp expenses, certain aircraft maintenance expenses and fuel procured directly by the airline. Aircraft charter agreements, including those for the DoD, usually require the airline to provide full service, including fuel and other operating expenses for a fixed, all-inclusive price.
Total revenues from ACMI Services increased $69.0 million during 2020 compared with 2019 to $1,147.3 million. Improved revenues were driven by a 14% increase in billable block hours during 2020. Increased revenues for 2020 included additional aircraft operations for ASI and DHL, while block hours flown for the DoD declined.
Revenues for the year ending December 31, 2020 were impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic. In late February 2020, the DoD began canceling combi aircraft flights and in March, commercial customers began canceling scheduled passenger flights as a result of the pandemic. Combined block hours flown for contracted commercial passenger and combi flights declined 39% for the year ended December 31, 2020, compared to December 31, 2019 due to the pandemic. The decline in revenues from these cancellations was mitigated by increased flying for customer e-commerce networks and passenger charter flights for the DoD and other governmental agencies, including flights to return people to the United States who were stranded abroad as a result of the pandemic. Operations during the year ending December 31, 2020 also included additional transoceanic flights to replace cargo capacity normally serviced in the belly-hold of passenger aircraft.
ACMI Services had pre-tax earnings of $66.9 million during 2020, compared to $32.1 million for 2019 inclusive of internally allocated interest expense. Improved pre-tax results in 2020 compared to 2019 were a result of expanded revenues from ASI and DHL and ad hoc passenger charters. During 2020, we began to operate five more CAM-owned Boeing 767-300 aircraft under the Amazon ATSA. ACMI Services benefited from reduced travel costs including lower airfares during 2020 compared to 2019. Internally allocated interest expense decreased to $20.5 million for 2020 compared to $25.0 million for 2019.
As of December 31, 2020, ACMI Services included 73 in-service aircraft as follows:
•Twelve passenger aircraft, four combi aircraft and eleven freighter aircraft leased internally from CAM.
•Four passenger aircraft leased from an external lessor
•Eight CAM-owned freighter aircraft which are under lease to DHL and operated by ABX under the DHL CMI agreement
•31 CAM-owned freighter aircraft which are under lease to ASI and operated by ATI and ABX under the ATSA. Two ASI provided freighter aircraft operated by ATI under the ATSA
•One CAM-owned freighter leased to a customer and operated by ATI
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Maintaining profitability in ACMI Services will depend on a number of factors, including the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, customer flight schedules, crewmember productivity and pay, employee benefits, aircraft maintenance schedules and the number of aircraft we operate. We expect our operating results from commercial passenger and combi flights to continue to be detrimentally impacted by the pandemic during 2021. The DoD has reduced normal personnel movements while most of our other passenger service customers have suspended their operations and demand for commercial passenger charters has significantly declined. During 2020, the DoD and other government agencies contracted for special airlift capacity and missions which may not continue to occur near the same level in the months ahead. Similarly, customers may find alternatives for the incremental e-commerce routes we operate. While it is difficult to predict, we expect lower revenues from passenger operations during 2021 than we had in 2020. In December 2020, ABX and its pilots union amended the collective bargaining agreement. While the changes in the amendment are expected to positively impact productivity, we expect compensation costs to increase between $7 million to $8 million for ABX pilots in 2021.
We expect Amazon to lease at least eleven additional Boeing 767-300 aircraft from CAM in 2021 and contract the operation of those aircraft through our existing ATSA. We also expect Amazon to contract with us to operate at least two more Amazon-provided aircraft under the ATSA in 2021.
Other Activities
We provide other support services to our ACMI Services customers and other airlines by leveraging our knowledge and capabilities developed for our own operations over the years. Through our FAA certificated maintenance and repair subsidiaries, we sell aircraft parts and provide aircraft maintenance and modification services. We also arrange and perform logistical services and package sorting services for certain ASI gateway locations in the U.S. We provide maintenance for ground equipment, facilities and material handling equipment and we resell aviation fuel in Wilmington, Ohio. Additionally, we provide flight training services.
External customer revenues from all other activities increased $12.3 million in 2020 compared to 2019 primarily due to more aviation fuel sales as customer operations at the Wilmington, Ohio air hub expanded. Revenues from ground services increased due to the addition, since mid-2020, of operating contracts for two new USPS mail facilities as well as increased volumes at two ASI package gateways we service. Ground services revenues during 2020 included reductions for equipment and facility maintenance revenues compared to 2019 as customers chose to in-source some of these services. Revenues from aircraft maintenance and part sales declined during 2020 as passenger airlines reduced their needs for services during the pandemic. The pre-tax earnings from other activities decreased by $19.4 million to a pretax loss of $5.9 million in 2020. Reduced earnings for 2020 are a result of reductions in revenues from higher margin ground maintenance and aircraft maintenance services. Additionally, we incurred start-up costs for two USPS mail facility contracts we were awarded during 2020. These reductions were partially offset by additional aviation fuel sales which earn a lower margin.
Our customer base for aircraft maintenance revenues includes passenger airlines. We expect the adverse impact on our aircraft maintenance business to continue in the near term due to the COVID-19 pandemic.
Expenses from Continuing Operations
Salaries, wages and benefits expense increased $85.4 million, or 20% during 2020 compared to 2019 driven by higher employee headcount for flight operations, maintenance operations and package sorting services. The total headcount increased 20% as of December 31, 2020 compared to December 31, 2019. The increases during 2020 include additional flight crewmembers, aircraft maintenance technicians and other personnel to support increased block hours.
Depreciation and amortization expense increased $20.5 million during 2020 compared to 2019. The increase reflects incremental depreciation for eleven Boeing 767-300 aircraft and additional aircraft engines added to the operating fleet since the beginning of 2020, as well as capitalized heavy maintenance and navigation technology upgrades. We expect depreciation expense to increase during future periods in conjunction with our fleet expansion and capital spending plans.
Maintenance, materials and repairs expense increased by $9.2 million during 2020 compared to 2019. Increased maintenance expense for 2020 was driven by increased flight hours and higher costs for unscheduled engine repairs at our airlines. The aircraft maintenance and material expenses can vary among periods due to the number of maintenance events and the scope of airframe checks that are performed.
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Fuel expense decreased by $6.7 million during 2020 compared to 2019. Fuel expense includes the cost of fuel to operate DoD charters, fuel used to position aircraft for service and for maintenance purposes, as well as the cost of fuel sales. Fuel expense decreased during 2020 compared to 2019 due to lower prices for aviation fuel during the pandemic.
Contracted ground and aviation services expense includes navigational services, aircraft and cargo handling services, baggage handling services and other airport services. Contracted ground and aviation services decreased $0.5 million during 2020 compared to 2019. Since mid-2019, certain customers chose to in-source some ground services that we had been performing on their behalf.
Travel expense decreased by $13.6 million during 2020 compared to 2019. The decrease in travel expense was due to less employee travel and the lower costs of air travel during the pandemic.
Landing and ramp expense, which includes the cost of deicing chemicals, increased by $1.3 million during 2020 compared to 2019, driven by increased block hours and network locations.
Rent expense increased by $3.3 million during 2020 compared to 2019 due to an additional aircraft partially offset by lower facility rents during 2020.
Insurance expense increased by $2.6 million during 2020 compared to 2019. Aircraft fleet insurance has increased due to additional aircraft operations and higher insurance rates during 2020 compared to 2019.
Other operating expenses decreased by $4.0 million during 2020 compared to 2019. Other operating expenses include professional fees, employee training, utilities, commission expense to our CRAF team for DoD revenues and other expenses.
Asset impairment charges were recorded during the second quarter of 2020, in conjunction with management's decision to retire four Boeing 757 freighter aircraft. Three of the 757 airframes have been removed from service and are available for sale. One remains in service through the first quarter of 2021. Impairment charges totaling $39.1 million were recorded, primarily reflecting the fair value of these assets as well as other surplus engines and parts.
Operating results included a pre-tax contra expense of $47.2 million during 2020 to recognize grants received from the U.S. government under the CARES Act. For additional information about the CARES Act grants, see Note I of the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements included in this report.
Non Operating Income, Adjustments and Expenses
Interest expense decreased by $3.8 million during 2020 compared to 2019. Interest expense during 2020 decreased compared to the previous year due to lower interest rates on our borrowings under the Senior Credit Agreement and lower debt balances outstanding during the year.
The Company recorded unrealized pre-tax losses on financial instruments re-measurements of $100.8 million during the year ended December 31, 2020, compared to $12.3 million for 2019. The gains and losses include the results of re-valuing, as of December 31, 2020 and 2019, the fair value of the stock warrants granted to Amazon. Generally, the warrant value increases or decreases with corresponding increases or decreases in the ATSG share price during the measurement period. Warrant losses for 2020 reflect a 34% increase in the traded price of ATSG shares. Additionally, the value of certain warrants depend partially on the probability that warrants will vest upon the execution of aircraft leases. Increases in the traded value of ATSG shares and increases in the probability of vested warrants each result in an increase to the warrant value and resulted in warrant losses recorded to financial instruments for 2020.
Non service components of retiree benefits were a net loss of $12.0 million for 2020 compared to a net gain of $9.4 million for 2019. The non service component gain and losses of retiree benefits are actuarially determined and include the amortization of unrecognized gain and loss stemming from changes in assumptions regarding discount rates, expected investment returns and other retirement plan assumptions. Non service components of retiree benefits can vary significantly from one year to the next based on investment results and changes in discount rates used to account for defined benefit retirement plans.
Income tax expense from earnings from continuing operations decreased $4.7 million for 2020 compared to 2019. Income taxes included deferred income tax effects for the gains and losses from warrant re-measurements and the amortization of the customer incentive. The income tax effects of the warrant re-measurements and the
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amortization of the customer incentive are different than the book expenses and benefits required by generally accepted accounting principles because for tax purposes, the warrants are valued at a different time and under a different valuation method. The recognition of discrete tax items, such as the conversion of employee stock awards, the issuance of stock warrants and other items have an impact on the effective rate during a period. The effective tax rate, before including the warrant revaluations and incentive amortization, was 22% for 2020 compared to 19% for the year ended December 31, 2019. Income tax expense for 2019 reflects a tax benefit of $4.9 million to re-measure deferred state income taxes using lower blended state tax rates than previously estimated.
The effective rate for 2021 will be impacted by a number of factors, including the apportionment of income among taxing jurisdictions and the re-measurement of the stock warrants at the end of each reporting period. As a result of the warrant re-measurements and related income tax treatment, the overall effective tax can vary significantly from period to period. We estimate that the Company's effective tax rate for 2021, before applying the deductibility of the stock warrant re-measurement and related incentive amortization and the benefit of the stock compensation, will be approximately 23%.
As of December 31, 2020, the Company had operating loss carryforwards for U.S. federal income tax purposes of approximately $316.5 million which do not expire but the use of which is limited to 80% of taxable income in any given year. We expect to utilize the loss carryforwards to offset federal income tax liabilities in the future. As a result, we do not expect to pay federal income taxes until 2024 or later. The Company may, however, be required to pay certain federal minimum taxes and certain state and local income taxes before then. The Company's taxable income earned from international flights is primarily sourced to the United States under international aviation agreements and treaties. When we operate in countries without such agreements, the Company could incur additional foreign income taxes.
Discontinued Operations
The financial results of discontinued operations primarily reflect pension, workers' compensation cost adjustments and other benefits for former employees previously associated with ABX's former hub operations pursuant to which ABX performed package sorting services for DHL. Pre-tax gains related to the former sorting operations were $9.1 million for 2020 compared to $1.6 million for 2019. Pre-tax earnings during 2020 and 2019 were a result of reductions in self-insurance reserves for former employee claims and pension credits.
2019 compared to 2018
Fleet Summary 2019 & 2018
As of December 31, 2019, ABX, ATI and OAI were leasing 32 in-service aircraft internally from CAM for use in ACMI Services. As of December 31, 2019, one of CAM's 26 Boeing 767-200 freighter aircraft shown in the fleet table above and seven of the 35 Boeing 767-300 freighter aircraft were leased to DHL and operated by ABX. Additionally, 12 of CAM's 26 Boeing 767-200 freighter aircraft and 14 of CAM's 35 Boeing 767-300 freighter aircraft were leased to ASI and operated by ABX or ATI. CAM leased the other 13 Boeing 767-200 freighter aircraft and 14 Boeing 767-300 aircraft to external customers, including six Boeing 767-200 aircraft to DHL that were being operated by a DHL-affiliated airline. The table above does not reflect one Boeing 767-200 passenger aircraft owned by CAM that was not in service condition or the process of freighter modification.
Aircraft fleet activity during 2019 is summarized below:
•CAM completed the modification of four Boeing 767-300 freighter aircraft purchased in the previous year and three Boeing 767-300 freighter aircraft purchased in 2019. After leasing one aircraft to ATI for a short period, CAM began to lease that aircraft to an external customer under a multi-year lease. CAM leased four other aircraft to an external customer under multi-year leases. ATI operates all five of these aircraft for the customer. CAM leased the last two aircraft to another external customer under multi-year leases.
•ATI returned one Boeing 767-300 freighter and CAM began to lease this aircraft to an external customer under a multi-year lease. ATI operates the aircraft for the customer.
•External customers returned three Boeing 767-200 freighter aircraft, one Boeing 767-300 freighter aircraft and one Boeing 737-400 freighter aircraft to CAM. CAM leased two of the Boeing 767-200 aircraft to ABX and the Boeing 767-300 aircraft to ATI. CAM sold the Boeing 737-400 aircraft to an external customer.
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•ATI began to operate two Boeing 767-300 freighter aircraft provided by our customer, ASI.
•CAM purchased ten Boeing 767-300 passenger aircraft and one Boeing 767-300 freighter aircraft for the purpose of converting nine of the passenger aircraft into a standard freighter configuration. CAM leased one of these aircraft to Omni as a passenger aircraft.
As of December 31, 2018, ABX, ATI and OAI were leasing 29 in-service aircraft internally from CAM for use in ACMI Services. As of December 31, 2018, three of CAM's 29 Boeing 767-200 aircraft shown in the aircraft fleet table above and seven of the 28 Boeing 767-300 aircraft were leased to DHL and operated by ABX. Additionally, 12 of CAM's 29 Boeing 767-200 aircraft and eight of CAM's 28 Boeing 767-300 aircraft were leased to ASI and operated by ABX or ATI. CAM leased the other 14 Boeing 767-200 aircraft and 13 Boeing 767-300 aircraft to external customers, including six Boeing 767-200 aircraft to DHL that were being operated by a DHL-owned airline. The table above does not reflect one Boeing 767-200 passenger aircraft owned by CAM that was not in service condition or the process of freighter modification.
Aircraft fleet activity during 2018 is summarized below:
•CAM completed the modification of nine Boeing 767-300 freighter aircraft, six purchased in the previous year and three purchased in 2018. CAM began to lease seven of those aircraft under multi-year leases to external customers. CAM began to lease the other two aircraft to ATI.
•CAM completed the modification of one Boeing 737-400 freighter aircraft purchased in the previous year and entered into a multi-year lease with an external customer.
•With the Company's acquisition of Omni, CAM added two Boeing 767-200 passenger aircraft, six Boeing 767-300 passenger aircraft and three Boeing 777-200 passenger aircraft. All eleven of these passenger aircraft are being leased to OAI. Additionally, OAI leases two other Boeing 767 aircraft from third party lessors.
•ABX returned one Boeing 767-300 and two Boeing 767-200 freighter aircraft to CAM. The 767-300 aircraft was then leased to an external customer under a multi-year lease and is being operated by ABX while the two 767-200 aircraft were leased to different external customers under multi-year leases.
•CAM sold one Boeing 767-300 freighter aircraft, which was under lease to an external customer.
•CAM purchased eight Boeing 767-300 passenger aircraft for the purpose of converting the aircraft into standard freighter configuration.
•External lessees returned two Boeing 767-200 freighter aircraft to CAM. One of these aircraft is being prepped for redeployment to another lessee while the other aircraft was removed from service.
CAM
As of December 31, 2019 and 2018, CAM had 62 and 59 aircraft under lease to external customers, respectively. CAM's revenues grew by $56.3 million during 2019 compared to 2018, primarily as a result of additional aircraft leases. Revenues from external customers totaled $168.1 million and $156.5 million for 2019 and 2018, respectively. CAM's revenues from the Company's airlines totaled $117.2 million during 2019, compared to $72.4 million for 2018, reflecting lease revenues for the addition of the eleven passenger aircraft acquired with Omni in November 2018. CAM's aircraft leasing and related services revenues, which exclude customer lease incentive amortization, increased $56.1 million in 2019 compared to 2018, primarily as a result of the addition of the eleven passenger aircraft acquired with Omni in November 2018 and new aircraft leases in 2019. Since the beginning of 2019, CAM has added eight Boeing 767-300 aircraft to its lease portfolio. CAM also added two Boeing 767-200 passenger aircraft, six Boeing 767-300 passenger aircraft and three Boeing 777-200 passenger aircraft to its lease portfolio after the Company's acquisition of Omni in November 2018.
CAM's pre-tax earnings, inclusive of internally allocated interest expense, were $68.6 million and $65.6 million during 2019 and 2018, respectively. Increased pre-tax earnings reflect the eleven passenger aircraft leased to Omni as well as the eight aircraft placed into service in 2019, offset by a $16.5 million increase in internally allocated interest expense due to higher debt levels and $31.6 million more depreciation expense driven by the addition of eight Boeing aircraft in 2019 compared to 2018.
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During 2019, CAM purchased ten Boeing 767-300 passenger aircraft for freighter conversion and one Boeing 767-300 freighter aircraft. Three of the passenger aircraft were converted to freighters and leased to external customers during 2019 and one of the passenger aircraft was leased internally as a passenger aircraft. As of December 31, 2019 CAM had eight Boeing 767-300 aircraft being modified from passenger to freighter configuration.
ACMI Services
As of December 31, 2019, ACMI Services included 71 in-service aircraft, including 12 passenger aircraft and 20 freighter aircraft leased internally from CAM, eight CAM-owned freighter aircraft which are under lease to DHL and operated by ABX under a DHL CMI agreement, 26 CAM-owned freighter aircraft which are under lease to ASI and operated by ATI and ABX under the ATSA, two freighter aircraft from an external lessor under lease to ASI and operated by ATI under the ATSA, another CAM-owned freighter leased to a customer and operated by ATI and two passenger aircraft leased from an external lessor.
As of December 31, 2019, ACMI Services revenues included the operation of seven more CAM-owned aircraft compared to December 13, 2018. Total revenues from ACMI Services increased $529.4 million during 2019 compared with 2018 to $1,078.3 million. Improved revenues were driven by the acquisition of OAI and a 40% increase in billable block hours. Increased revenues for 2019 included additional aircraft operations for ASI and the DoD. On a combined basis, ACMI Services revenues for the year ended December 31, 2019 would have been $980.6 million with the inclusion of OAI.
ACMI Services had pre-tax earnings of $32.1 million during 2019, compared to $11.4 million for 2018 inclusive of internally allocated interest expense. Improved pre-tax results in 2019 compared to 2018 were bolstered by expanded revenues from the acquisition of OAI and the timing of scheduled airframe maintenance events. Scheduled airframe maintenance expense decreased by $2.9 million during 2019 compared to 2018. Airframe maintenance expense varies depending upon the number of C-checks and the scope of the checks required for those airframes scheduled for maintenance. Internally allocated interest expense increased to $25.0 million for 2019 compared to $6.3 million for 2018 as a result of acquiring OAI. ACMI Services' results were negatively impacted by unscheduled engine repairs and the training costs of new flight crew members to keep pace with customers' expanding flight schedules. In March 2018, ATI began to implement an amendment to the collective bargaining agreement with its crewmembers. The amendment resulted in increased wages for the ATI crewmembers beginning in the second quarter of 2018.
Other Activities
External customer revenues from all other activities increased $18.9 million in 2019. Declines in USPS revenue during 2019 were offset by additional facility maintenance services, ground support services and fuel sales provided by ASI. The pre-tax earnings from other activities increased by $2.3 million to $13.4 million in 2019, primarily due to additional ground services and fuel sales to ASI.
Expenses from Continuing Operations
Salaries, wages and benefits expense increased $133.0 million during 2019 compared to 2018 driven by higher headcount for flight operations, maintenance services and package sorting services. The increase in expense for 2019 included $100.4 million for Omni, acquired in November 2018. The increase during 2019 also included higher flight crew wages in conjunction with an amendment to the collective bargaining agreement with the ATI crewmembers, and additional aircraft maintenance technician time to support increased block hours. Increases in salaries, wages and benefits expense were partially offset by personnel reductions due to the expiration of the USPS contracts.
Depreciation and amortization expense increased $78.6 million during 2019 compared to 2018. The increase in depreciation expense included $56.5 million for Omni assets acquired in November 2018. The increase also reflects incremental depreciation for 12 Boeing 767-300 aircraft and additional aircraft engines added to the operating fleet since mid-2018, as well as capitalized heavy maintenance and navigation technology upgrades.
Maintenance, materials and repairs expense increased by $23.5 million during 2019 compared to 2018. The increase in expense for 2019 included $15.6 million for Omni, acquired in November 2018. Increased maintenance
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expense for 2019 included unscheduled engine repairs and additional costs to support increased block hours that were flown for cargo customers.
Fuel expense increased by $115.7 million during 2019 compared to 2018. Fuel expense includes the cost of fuel to operate DoD charters, fuel used to position aircraft for service and for maintenance purposes, as well as the cost of fuel sales. The increase for 2019 included $95.8 million for Omni and $14.8 million for increased fuel sales. The remainder of the increase was due to increased fuel for more cargo block hours flown for the DoD in 2019.
Contracted ground and aviation services expense includes navigational services, aircraft and cargo handling services, baggage handling services and other airport services. Contracted ground and aviation services increased $47.4 million during 2019 compared to 2018. This increase included $45.7 million due to the inclusion of Omni, since its acquisition in November of 2018.
Travel expense increased by $56.6 million during 2019 compared to 2018. The increase for 2019 included $50.5 million for Omni.
Landing and ramp expense, which includes the cost of deicing chemicals, increased by $5.2 million during 2019 compared to 2018. The increase included $5.7 million for Omni.
Rent expense increased by $2.1 million during 2019 compared to 2018. This increase included $5.1 million for Omni. This increase was partially offset by decreases in building rent after the expiration of the contracts for the five USPS facilities.
Insurance expense increased by $1.2 million during 2019 compared to 2018. Aircraft fleet insurance has increased due to additional aircraft operations during 2019 compared to 2018.
Other operating expenses increased by $35.4 million during 2019 compared to 2018. Other operating expenses include professional fees, employee training, utilities, commission expense to our CRAF team for DoD revenues and other expenses. The increase for 2019 included $27.4 million for Omni which was acquired in November 2018 and over $6.5 million related to employee training for additional flight crews necessary to support revenue growth.
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The following table provides pro forma operating expenses (in thousands) for the Company after giving effect to the Omni acquisition. This information is based on adjustments to the historical consolidated financial statements of Omni using the purchase method of accounting for business combinations. The pro forma adjustments do not include any of the cost savings and other synergies anticipated to result from the acquisition. These pro forma expenses have been prepared for comparative purposes only and do not purport to be indicative of results that would have actually been reported as of the date or for the quarter presented had the acquisition taken place on such date or at the beginning of the quarter indicated, or to project the Company’s financial position or results of operations which may be reported in the future. The pro forma results exclude non-recurring charges recorded by Omni that were directly related to the acquisition by the Company.
| Year Ended December 31, 2018 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Actual ATSG | Actual Omni | Pro Forma Adjustments | Pro Forma Results | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Operating Expenses | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Salaries, wages and benefits | $ | 300,514 | $ | 85,316 | $ | (2,880) | $ | 382,950 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Depreciation and amortization | 178,895 | 54,118 | 9,960 | 242,973 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Maintenance, materials and repairs | 146,692 | 14,525 | (467) | 160,750 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fuel | 39,293 | 89,653 | — | 128,946 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Contracted ground and aviation services | 16,640 | 44,898 | — | 61,538 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Travel | 34,443 | 39,101 | — | 73,544 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Landing and ramp | 5,968 | 6,171 | — | 12,139 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Rent | 13,899 | 6,471 | — | 20,370 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Insurance | 6,112 | 1,724 | — | 7,836 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Transaction fees | 5,264 | — | (5,264) | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other operating expenses | 33,607 | 21,012 | — | 54,619 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total Operating Expenses | $ | 781,327 | $ | 362,989 | $ | 1,349 | $ | 1,145,665 | ||||||||||||||||||
The following adjustments were made to the historical financial records to create the unaudited pro forma information in the table above:
•Adjustments to eliminate transactions between the Company and Omni during the year ended December 31, 2018.
•Adjustment to reflect estimated additional depreciation and amortization expense of $10.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2018, resulting from the fair value adjustments to Omni’s intangible and tangible assets. Pro forma combined depreciation expense for the periods presented reflect the increased fair values of the aircraft acquired and longer useful lives of the aircraft, indicative of the Company's polices and intent to modify certain aircraft to freighters as an aircraft is removed from passenger service.
Non Operating Income, Adjustments and Expenses
Interest expense increased by $37.8 million during 2019 compared to 2018. Interest expense increased due to a higher average debt level, including additional financing under the Senior Credit Agreement of $675.0 million to finance the acquisition of Omni and higher interest rates on the Company's outstanding loans.
The Company recorded unrealized pre-tax losses on financial instrument re-measurements of $12.3 million during the year ended December 31, 2019, compared to unrealized pre-tax net gains of $7.3 million for 2018. The gains and losses include the results of re-valuing, as of December 31, 2019 and 2018, the fair value of the stock warrants granted to Amazon. Increases in the traded value of ATSG shares and increases in the probability of vested warrants each result in an increase to the warrant value and resulted in warrant losses recorded to financial instruments for 2019. Warrant losses for 2019 were a results of a 3% increase in the traded value of ATSG shares and an increase in the probabilities of additional aircraft leases. The decrease in the fair value of the warrant obligation between December 31, 2017 and December 31, 2018 corresponded to a decrease in the traded price of ATSG's shares and resulted in a gain in 2018.
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Non service components of retiree benefits were a net loss of $9.4 million for 2019 compared to a net gain of $8.2 million for 2018. The non service component gain and losses of retiree benefits are actuarially determined and include the amortization of unrecognized gain and loss stemming from changes in assumptions regarding discount rates, expected investment returns and other retirement plan assumptions. Non service components of retiree benefits can vary significantly from one year to the next based on investment results and changes in discount rates used to account for defined benefit retirement plans.
Income tax expense from earnings from continuing operations decreased $8.0 million for 2019 compared to 2018. Income taxes included deferred income tax effects for the gains and losses from warrant re-measurements and the amortization of the customer incentive. The income tax effects of the warrant re-measurements and the amortization of the customer incentive are different than the book expenses and benefits required by generally accepted accounting principles because for tax purposes, the warrants are valued at a different time and under a different valuation method. The recognition of discrete tax items, such as the conversion of employee stock awards, the issuance of stock warrants and other items have an impact on the effective rate during a period. The effective tax rate, before including the warrant revaluations and incentive amortization was 19% for 2019 compared to 24% for the year ended December 31, 2018. The adjusted effective tax rate declined for 2019 compared to 2018 due to a higher percentage of our revenues and earnings occurring in states and other tax jurisdictions with lower tax rates than previously estimated for the services and leases that we provide. Income tax expense for 2019 reflects a tax benefit of $4.9 million to re-measure deferred state income taxes using lower blended state tax rates than previously estimated.
Discontinued Operations
Pre-tax gains related to the former sorting operations were $1.6 million for 2019 compared to $1.8 million for 2018. Pre-tax earnings during 2019 and 2018 were a result of reductions in self-insurance reserves for former employee claims and pension credits.
FINANCIAL CONDITION, LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES
Cash Flows
Net cash generated from operating activities totaled $512.3 million, $396.9 million and $298.0 million in 2020, 2019 and 2018, respectively. Improved cash flows generated from operating activities during 2020 and 2019 included additional aircraft leases to customers and increased operating levels of the ACMI Services segment. Operating cash flows for 2020 include the receipt of $75.8 million of grant funds from the CARES Act. Cash outlays for pension contributions were $10.8 million, $5.4 million and $22.2 million in 2020, 2019 and 2018, respectively.
Capital spending levels were primarily the result of aircraft modification costs and the acquisition of aircraft for freighter modification. Cash payments for capital expenditures were $510.4 million, $453.5 million and $292.9 million in 2020, 2019 and 2018, respectively. Capital expenditures in 2020 included $353.4 million for the acquisition of eleven Boeing 767-300 aircraft and freighter modification costs; $76.0 million for required heavy maintenance; and $81.0 million for other equipment, including purchases of aircraft engines and rotables. Capital expenditures in 2019 included $328.0 million for the acquisition of eleven Boeing 767-300 aircraft and freighter modification costs; $76.1 million for required heavy maintenance; and $49.4 million for other equipment, including the purchases of aircraft engines and rotables. Our capital expenditures in 2018 included $197.1 million for the acquisition of eight Boeing 767-300 aircraft and freighter modification costs; $61.7 million for required heavy maintenance; and $34.1 million for other equipment, including purchases of aircraft engines and rotables.
Cash proceeds of $24.6 million, $10.8 million and $17.6 million were received in 2020, 2019 and 2018, respectively, for the sale of aircraft engines and airframes.
During 2020, 2019 and 2018, we spent $13.3 million, $24.4 million and $866.6 million, respectively, for acquisitions and investments in other businesses. Spending in 2018 included $855.1 million for the acquisition of Omni, net of cash acquired. During 2020, 2019 and 2018, we contributed $13.3 million, $12.3 million and $11.4 million, respectively, for entry and subsequent contributions into a joint-venture with Precision Aircraft Solutions, LLC, to develop a passenger-to-freighter conversion program for Airbus A321-200 aircraft. In 2019, we acquired a group of companies that had been under common control referred to as TriFactor, a material handling systems integrator.
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Net cash used in financing activities was $19.6 million in 2020 and net cash provided by financing activities was $57.0 and $870.5 million in 2019 and 2018, respectively. Our financing activities in 2020 included a debt offering of $500 million in senior unsecured notes (the "Senior Notes"). The net proceeds of $500.0 million from the Senior Notes were used to pay down the revolving credit facility. During 2020, we drew a total of $180.0 million from the revolving credit facility. We made debt principal payments of $689.4 million including the pay down of the revolving credit facility.
On November 9, 2018, in conjunction with the Omni acquisition, the Company amended its Senior Credit Agreement to include a term loan of $675.0 million and drew an additional $180.0 million from the revolving credit facility. In addition to the acquisition of Omni, borrowing was required to purchase and modify aircraft for deployment into air cargo markets.
During 2018, we spent $3.6 million to buy 157,000 shares of the Company's common stock pursuant to a share repurchase plan authorized in 2014. The repurchase plan, which originally authorized the Company to purchase up to $50.0 million of common stock, was amended by the Board in May 2016 to increase such authorization to up to $100 million and amended by the Board again in February 2018 to increase such authorization to up to $150 million.
Commitments
The table below summarizes the Company's contractual obligations and commercial commitments (in thousands) as of December 31, 2020.
| Payments Due By Year | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Contractual Obligations | Total | 2021 | 2022 and 2023 | 2024 and 2025 | 2026 and after | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Debt obligations, including interest payments | $ | 1,749,348 | $ | 53,882 | $ | 138,401 | $ | 998,758 | $ | 558,307 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Facility leases | 33,558 | 9,525 | 13,809 | 9,128 | 1,096 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Aircraft and modification obligations | 195,390 | 195,390 | — | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Aircraft and other leases | 39,703 | 9,935 | 15,316 | 12,199 | 2,253 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total contractual cash obligations | $ | 2,017,999 | $ | 268,732 | $ | 167,526 | $ | 1,020,085 | $ | 561,656 | |||||||||||||||||||
The long-term debt bears interest at 1.125% to 4.75% per annum at December 31, 2020. For additional information about the Company's debt obligations, see Note G of the accompanying financial statements in this report.
The Company provides defined benefit pension plans to certain employee groups. The table above does not include cash contributions for pension funding, due to the absence of scheduled maturities. The timing of pension and post-retirement healthcare payments cannot be reasonably determined, except for $2.1 million expected to be funded in 2021. For additional information about the Company's pension obligations, see Note J of the accompanying financial statements in this report.
As of December 31, 2020, the Company had eight aircraft that were in or awaiting the modification process. Additionally, we placed non-refundable deposits to purchase five more Boeing 767-300 passenger aircraft through 2021. We expect to purchase additional aircraft for modification in 2021. We estimate that capital expenditures for 2021 will total $500 million of which the majority will be related to aircraft purchases and freighter modifications. Actual capital spending for any future period will be impacted by aircraft acquisitions, maintenance and modification processes. We expect to finance the capital expenditures from current cash balances, future operating cash flows and the Senior Credit Agreement. The Company outsources a significant portion of the aircraft freighter modification process to a non-affiliated third party. The modification primarily consists of the installation of a standard cargo door and loading system. For additional information about the Company's aircraft modification obligations, see Note I of the accompanying financial statements in this report.
Since August 3, 2017, the Company has been part of a joint-venture with Precision Aircraft Solutions, LLC, to develop a passenger-to-freighter conversion program for Airbus A321-200 aircraft. We anticipate approval of a supplemental type certificate from the FAA in 2021. We expect to make contributions equal to the Company's 49% ownership percentage of the program's total costs during 2021.
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Liquidity
We have a Senior Credit Agreement with a consortium of banks that includes an unsubordinated term loan of $612.2 million, net of debt issuance costs, and a revolving credit facility from which the Company has drawn $140.0 million, net of repayments, as of December 31, 2020. The Senior Credit Agreement expires in November 2024 if certain liquidity measures are maintained during 2024 and contains an incremental accordion capacity based on debt ratios. As of December 31, 2020, the unused revolving credit facility totaled $446.1 million and additional permitted indebtedness under the Senior Credit Agreement subject to compliance with other covenants, was limited to $250.0 million.
On January 28, 2020, we completed a debt offering of $500 million in senior unsecured notes (the “Senior Notes”). The Senior Notes were sold only to qualified institutional buyers in the United States pursuant to Rule 144A under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”), and certain investors pursuant to Regulation S under the Securities Act. The Senior Notes are senior unsecured obligations that bear interest at a rate of 4.75% per year, payable semiannually in arrears on February 1 and August 1 of each year, beginning on August 1, 2020. The Senior Notes will mature on February 1, 2028. The Senior Notes contain customary events of default and covenants which are generally no more restrictive than those set forth in the Senior Credit Agreement.
The Senior Credit Agreement is collateralized by our fleet of Boeing 777, 767 and 757 freighter aircraft. Under the terms of the Senior Credit Agreement, we are required to maintain collateral coverage equal to 115% of the outstanding balances of the term loans and the total funded revolving credit facility. The minimum collateral coverage which must be maintained is 50% of the outstanding balance of the term loan plus the revolving credit facility commitment, which was $600.0 million.
Under the Senior Credit Agreement, the Company is subject to covenants and warranties that are usual and customary including, among other things, limitations on certain additional indebtedness, guarantees of indebtedness, as well as a total debt-to-EBITDA (earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization expenses) ratio and a fixed charge coverage ratio. The Senior Credit Agreement stipulates events of default including unspecified events that may have a material adverse effect on the Company. If an event of default occurs, the Company may be forced to repay, renegotiate or replace the Senior Credit Agreement. The Senior Notes contain customary events of default and covenants which are generally no more restrictive than those set forth in the Senior Credit Agreement.
Additional debt or lower EBITDA may result in higher interest rates. Under the Senior Credit Agreement, interest rates are adjusted quarterly based on the prevailing LIBOR or prime rates and a ratio of the Company's outstanding debt level to EBITDA. At the Company's current debt-to-EBITDA ratio, the unsubordinated term loans, the Senior Notes and the revolving credit facility bear variable interest rates of 1.4%, 4.75% and 1.4%, respectively.
At December 31, 2020, the Company had $39.7 million of cash balances. We believe that the Company's current cash balances and forecasted cash flows provided from its customer leases and operating agreements, combined with its Senior Credit Agreement, will be sufficient to fund operations, capital spending, scheduled debt payments and required pension funding for at least the next 12 months.
As described in Note D of the accompanying audited consolidated financial statements in this report, the Company has issued warrants to Amazon. Vested warrants for 14.9 million shares expiring on March 8, 2021, subject to extension if required to obtain regulatory approvals, exemptions, authorizations, consents or clearances (including the expiration or termination of any waiting periods), have a cash purchase price of $145 million if Amazon elects to exercise these warrants entirely in cash. Alternatively, Amazon may choose to settle the warrants in a cashless exchange.
Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements
As part of our ongoing business, we do not participate in transactions that generate relationships with unconsolidated entities or financial partnerships, such as entities often referred to as structured finance or special purpose entities (“SPEs”), which would have been established for the purpose of facilitating off-balance sheet arrangements or other contractually narrow or limited purposes. As of December 31, 2020 and 2019, we were not involved in any material unconsolidated SPE transactions.
Certain of our operating leases and agreements contain indemnification obligations to the lessor or one or more other parties that are considered usual and customary (e.g. use, tax and environmental indemnifications), the terms of which range in duration and are often limited. Such indemnification obligations may continue after the expiration
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of the respective lease or agreement. No amounts have been recognized in our financial statements for the underlying fair value of guarantees and indemnifications.
CRITICAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES AND ESTIMATES
“Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations,” as well as certain disclosures included elsewhere in this report, are based upon our consolidated financial statements, which have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. The preparation of these financial statements requires us to select appropriate accounting policies and make estimates and judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses, and related disclosures of contingencies. In certain cases, there are alternative policies or estimation techniques which could be selected. On an ongoing basis, we evaluate our selection of policies and the estimation techniques we use, including those related to revenue recognition, post-retirement liabilities, bad debts, self-insurance reserves, valuation of spare parts inventory, useful lives, salvage values and impairment of property and equipment, income taxes, contingencies and litigation. We base our estimates on historical experience, current conditions and on various other assumptions that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances. Those factors form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources, as well as for identifying and assessing our accounting treatment with respect to commitments and contingencies. Actual results may differ from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions. We believe the following significant and critical accounting policies involve the more significant judgments and estimates used in preparing the consolidated financial statements.
Revenue Recognition
Aircraft lease revenues are recognized as operating lease revenues on a straight-line basis over the term of the applicable lease agreements. Revenues generated from airline service agreements are typically recognized based on hours flown or the amount of aircraft and crew resources provided during a reporting period. Certain agreements include provisions for incentive payments based upon on-time reliability. These incentives are typically measured on a monthly basis and recorded to revenue in the corresponding month earned. Revenues for operating expenses that are reimbursed through airline service agreements, including consumption of aircraft fuel, are generally recognized as the costs are incurred, on a net basis. Revenues from charter service agreements are recognized on scheduled and non-scheduled flights when the specific flight has been completed. Revenues from the sale of aircraft parts and engines are recognized when the parts are delivered. The Company typically records revenues and estimated earnings for its airframe maintenance and aircraft modification contracts using the percentage-of-completion cost input method. Revenues derived from sorting parcels are recognized in the reporting period in which the services are performed.
Goodwill and Intangible Assets
We assess in the fourth quarter of each year whether the Company’s goodwill acquired in acquisitions is impaired in accordance with the Financial Accounting Standards Board Accounting Standards Codification (“FASB ASC”) Topic 350-20 Intangibles—Goodwill and Other. Additional assessments may be performed on an interim basis whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate an impairment may have occurred. Indefinite-lived intangible assets are not amortized but are assessed for impairment annually, or more frequently if impairment indicators occur. Finite-lived intangible assets are amortized over their estimated useful economic lives and are periodically reviewed for impairment.
The goodwill impairment test requires significant judgment, including the determination of the fair value of each reporting unit that has goodwill. We estimate the fair value using a market approach and an income approach utilizing discounted cash flows applied to a market-derived rate of return. The market approach utilizes market multiples from comparable publicly traded companies. The market multiples include revenues and EBITDA (earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization). We derive cash flow assumptions from many factors including recent market trends, expected revenues, cost structure, aircraft maintenance schedules and long-term strategic plans for the deployment of aircraft. Key assumptions under the discounted cash flow models include projections for the number of aircraft in service, capital expenditures, long term growth rates, operating cash flows and market-derived discount rates.
The performance of the goodwill impairment test is the comparison of the fair value of the reporting unit to its respective carrying value. If the carrying value of a reporting unit is less than its fair value no impairment exists. If
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the carrying value of a reporting unit is higher than its fair value an impairment loss is recorded for the difference and charged to operations. See additional information about the goodwill impairment tests in Note C of the accompanying consolidated financial statements.
Based on our analysis, the individual fair values of each reporting unit having goodwill exceeded their respective carrying values as of December 31, 2020. We have used the assistance of an independent business valuation firm in estimating an expected market rate of return, and in the development of a market approach for CAM and OAI separately, using multiples of EBITDA and revenues from comparable publicly traded companies. Our key assumptions used for CAM's goodwill testing include uncertainties, including the level of demand for cargo aircraft by shippers, the DoD and freight forwarders and CAM's ability to lease aircraft and the lease rates that will be realized. The demand for customer airlift is projected based on input from customers, management's interface with customer planning personnel and aircraft utilization trends. Our key assumptions used for OAI's goodwill testing include the number of aircraft that OAI will operate, the amount of revenues that the aircraft will generate, the number of flight crews and cost of flight crews needed. We are assuming that demand for commercial passenger flying will resume to pre-pandemic levels in 2023. Our key assumptions used for Pemco's and TriFactor's goodwill testing includes the level of revenues that customers will seek and the cost of labor, parts and contract resources expected to be utilized. Certain events or changes in circumstances could negatively impact our key assumptions. Customer preferences may be impacted by changes in aviation fuel prices. Key customers, including DHL, Amazon and the DoD may decide that they do not need as many aircraft as projected or may find alternative providers.
Long-lived assets
Aircraft and other long-lived assets are tested for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate the carrying value of the assets may not be recoverable. Factors which may cause an impairment include termination of aircraft from a customer's network, reduced demand due to an extended duration of the pandemic, extended operating cash flow losses from the assets and management's decisions regarding the future use of assets. To conduct impairment testing, we group assets and liabilities at the lowest level for which identifiable cash flows are largely independent of cash flows of other assets and liabilities. For assets that are to be held and used, impairment is recognized when the estimated undiscounted cash flows associated with an asset group is less than the carrying value. If impairment exists, an adjustment is made to write the assets down to fair value, and a loss is recorded as the difference between the carrying value and fair value. Fair values are determined considering quoted market values, discounted cash flows or internal and external appraisals, as applicable.
Depreciation
Depreciation of property and equipment is provided on a straight-line basis over the lesser of an asset’s useful life or lease term. We periodically evaluate the estimated service lives and residual values used to depreciate our property and equipment. The acceleration of depreciation expense or the recording of significant impairment losses could result from changes in the estimated useful lives of our assets. We may change the estimated useful lives due to a number of reasons, such as the existence of excess capacity in our air networks, or changes in regulations grounding or limiting the use of aircraft.
Self-Insurance
We self-insure certain claims related to workers’ compensation, aircraft, automobile, general liability and employee healthcare. We record a liability for reported claims and an estimate for incurred claims that have not yet been reported. Accruals for these claims are estimated utilizing historical paid claims data and recent claims trends. Changes in claim severity and frequency could result in actual claims being materially different than the costs provided for in our results of operations. We maintain excess claims coverage with common insurance carriers to mitigate our exposure to large claim losses.
Contingencies
We are involved in legal matters that have a degree of uncertainty associated with them. We continually assess the likely outcomes of these matters and the adequacy of amounts, if any, provided for these matters. There can be no assurance that the ultimate outcome of these matters will not differ materially from our assessment of them. There also can be no assurance that we know all matters that may be brought against us at any point in time.
Income Taxes
We account for income taxes under the provisions of FASB ASC Topic 740-10 Income Taxes. The objectives of accounting for income taxes are to recognize the amount of taxes payable or refundable for the current year and deferred tax liabilities and assets for the future tax consequences of events that have been recognized in the
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Company’s financial statements or tax returns. Judgment is required in assessing the future tax consequences of events that have been recognized in the Company’s financial statements or tax returns. Fluctuations in the actual outcome of expected future tax consequences could materially impact the Company’s financial position or its results of operations.
The Company has significant deferred tax assets including net operating loss carryforwards (“NOL CFs”) for federal income tax purposes. Based upon projections of taxable income, we determined that it was more likely than not that the NOL CFs will be realized. Accordingly, we do not have an allowance against these deferred tax assets at this time.
We recognize the impact of a tax position if that position is more likely than not of being sustained on audit, based on the technical merits of the position.
Stock Warrants
The Company’s accounting for warrants issued to a lessee is determined in accordance with the financial reporting guidance for equity-based payments to non-employees and for financial instruments. The warrants issued to lessees are recorded as a lease incentive asset using their fair value at the time that the lessee has met its performance obligation. The lease incentive is amortized against revenues over the duration of related aircraft leases. The unexercised warrants are classified in liabilities and re-measured to fair value at the end of each reporting period, resulting in a non-operating gain or loss.
Post-retirement Obligations
The Company sponsors qualified defined benefit pension plans for ABX’s flight crewmembers and other eligible employees. The Company also sponsors non-qualified, unfunded excess plans that provide benefits to executive management and crewmembers that are in addition to amounts permitted to be paid through our qualified plans under provisions of the tax laws. Employees are no longer accruing benefits under any of the defined benefit pension plans. The Company also sponsors unfunded post-retirement healthcare plans for ABX’s flight crewmembers.
The accounting and valuation for these post-retirement obligations are determined by prescribed accounting and actuarial methods that consider a number of assumptions and estimates. The selection of appropriate assumptions and estimates is significant due to the long time period over which benefits will be accrued and paid. The long term nature of these benefit payouts increases the sensitivity of certain estimates on our post-retirement costs. In actuarially valuing our pension obligations and determining related expense amounts, key assumptions include discount rates, expected long term investment returns, retirement ages and mortality. Actual results and future changes in these assumptions could result in future costs that are materially different than those recorded in our annual results of operations.
Our actuarial valuation includes an assumed long term rate of return on pension plan assets of 5.75%. Our assumed rate of return is based on a targeted long term investment allocation of 30% equity securities, 65% fixed income securities and 5% cash. The actual asset allocation at December 31, 2020 was 30% equities, 69% fixed income and 1% cash. The pension trust includes $0.4 million of investments (less than 1% of the plans' assets) whose fair values have been estimated in the absence of readily determinable fair values. Such investments include private equity, hedge fund investments and real estate funds. Management’s estimates are based on information provided by the fund managers or general partners of those funds.
In evaluating our assumptions regarding expected long term investment returns on plan assets, we consider a number of factors, including our historical plan returns in connection with our asset allocation policies, assistance from investment consultants hired to provide oversight over our actively managed investment portfolio, and long term inflation assumptions. The selection of the expected return rate materially affects our pension costs. Our expected long term rate of return was 5.75% after analyzing expected returns on investment vehicles and considering our long term asset allocation expectations. Fluctuations in long-term interest rates can have an impact on the actual rate of return. If we were to lower our long term rate of return assumption by a hypothetical 100 basis points, expense in 2020 would be increased by approximately $8.3 million. We use a market value of assets as of the measurement date for determining pension expense.
In selecting the interest rate to discount estimated future benefit payments that have been earned to date to their net present value (defined as the projected benefit obligation), we match the plan’s benefit payment streams to high-quality bonds of similar maturities. The selection of the discount rate not only affects the reported funded status information as of December 31 (as shown in Note J to the accompanying consolidated financial statements in this
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report), but also affects the succeeding year’s pension and post-retirement healthcare expense. The discount rates selected for December 31, 2020, based on the method described above, were 2.55% for crewmembers and 2.75% for non-crewmembers. If we were to lower our discount rates by a hypothetical 50 basis points, pension expense in 2020 would be increased by approximately $12.0 million.
Our mortality assumptions at December 31, 2020, reflect the most recent projections released by the Actuaries Retirement Plans Experience Committee, a committee within the Society of Actuaries, a professional association in North America. The assumed future increase in salaries and wages is not a significant estimate in determining pension costs because each defined benefit pension plan was frozen during 2009 with respect to additional benefit accruals.
The following table illustrates the sensitivity of the aforementioned assumptions on our pension expense, pension obligation and accumulated other comprehensive income (in thousands):
| Effect of change | |||||||||||||||||
| December 31, 2020 | |||||||||||||||||
| Change in assumption | 2020 Pension expense | Pension obligation | Accumulated other comprehensive income (pre-tax) | ||||||||||||||
| 100 basis point decrease in rate of return | $ | 8,263 | $ | — | $ | — | |||||||||||
| 50 basis point decrease in discount rate | 11,993 | (56,337) | 56,337 | ||||||||||||||
| Aggregate effect of all the above changes | 20,256 | (56,337) | 56,337 | ||||||||||||||
New Accounting Pronouncements
For information regarding recently issued accounting pronouncements and the expected impact on our annual statements, see Note A "SUMMARY OF FINANCIAL STATEMENT PREPARATION AND SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES" in the accompanying notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included in Part II, Item 8 of this Form 10-K.
ITEM 7A. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK
The Company is exposed to market risk for changes in interest rates.
The Company's Senior Credit Agreement requires the Company to maintain derivative instruments for fluctuating interest rates for at least twenty-five percent of the outstanding balance of the term loan issued in November 2018. Accordingly, the Company has entered into interest rate swap instruments. As a result, future fluctuations in LIBOR interest rates will result in the recording of unrealized gains and losses on interest rate derivatives held by the Company. The combined notional values were $430.6 million as of December 31, 2020. See Note H in the accompanying consolidated financial statements in this report for a discussion of our accounting treatment for these hedging transactions.
As of December 31, 2020, the Company has $715.8 million of fixed interest rate debt and $752.2 million of variable interest rate debt outstanding. Variable interest rate debt exposes us to differences in future cash flows resulting from changes in market interest rates. Variable interest rate risk can be quantified by estimating the change in annual cash flows resulting from a hypothetical 20% increase in interest rates. A hypothetical 20% increase or decrease in interest rates would have resulted in a change in interest expense of approximately $3.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2020.
The convertible debt and Senior Note issued at fixed interest rates are exposed to fluctuations in fair value resulting from changes in market interest rates. Fixed interest rate risk can be quantified by estimating the change in fair value of our long term convertible debt and Senior Note through a hypothetical 20% increase in interest rates. As of December 31, 2020, a 20% increase in interest rates would have decreased the book value of our fixed interest rate convertible debt and Senior Notes by approximately $29.2 million.
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The Company is exposed to concentration of credit risk primarily through cash deposits, cash equivalents, marketable securities and derivatives. As part of its risk management process, the Company monitors and evaluates the credit standing of the financial institutions with which it does business. The financial institutions with which it does business are generally highly rated. The Company is exposed to counterparty risk, which is the loss it could incur if a counterparty to a derivative contract defaulted.
As of December 31, 2020, the Company's liabilities reflected stock warrants issued to a customer. The fair value of the stock warrants obligation is re-measured at the end of each reporting period and marked to market. The fair value of the stock warrants is dependent on a number of factors which change, including the Company's common stock price, the volatility of the Company’s common stock and the risk-free interest rate. See Note E in the accompanying consolidated financial statements in this report for further information about the fair value of the stock warrants.
The Company sponsors defined benefit pension plans and post-retirement healthcare plans for certain eligible employees. The Company's related pension expense, plans' funded status, and funding requirements are sensitive to changes in interest rates. The funded status of the plans and the annual pension expense is recalculated at the beginning of each calendar year using the fair value of plan assets, market-based interest rates at that point in time, as well as assumptions for asset returns and other actuarial assumptions. Higher interest rates could result in a lower fair value of plan assets and increased pension expense in the following years. At December 31, 2020, ABX's defined benefit pension plans had total investment assets of $843.9 million under investment management. See Note J in the accompanying consolidated financial statements in this report for further discussion of these assets.
The Company is exposed to market risk for changes in the price of jet fuel. The risk associated with jet fuel, however, is largely mitigated by reimbursement through the agreements with the Company's customers.
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ITEM 8. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA
Index to Consolidated Financial Statements
| Page | |||||
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REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
To the stockholders and the Board of Directors of Air Transport Services Group, Inc.
Opinion on the Financial Statements
We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Air Transport Services Group, Inc. and subsidiaries (the "Company") as of December 31, 2020 and 2019, the related consolidated statements of operations, comprehensive income, cash flows, and stockholders' equity, for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2020, and the related notes and the schedule listed in the Index at Item 15(a)(2) (collectively referred to as the "financial statements"). In our opinion, the financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of December 31, 2020 and 2019, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2020, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.
We have also audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB), the Company's internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2020, based on criteria established in Internal Control — Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission and our report dated March 1, 2021, expressed an unqualified opinion on the Company's internal control over financial reporting.
Changes in Accounting Principles
As discussed in Note A to the financial statements, the Company changed its method of accounting for stock warrant obligations in fiscal year 2019 due to the adoption of amendments to the standard for share-based payments to non-employees. The Company adopted this amended standard using the modified retrospective approach.
Basis for Opinion
These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company's management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company's financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the PCAOB and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.
We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.
Critical Audit Matter
The critical audit matter communicated below is a matter arising from the current-period audit of the financial statements that was communicated or required to be communicated to the audit committee and that (1) relates to accounts or disclosures that are material to the financial statements and (2) involved our especially challenging, subjective, or complex judgments. The communication of critical audit matters does not alter in any way our opinion on the financial statements, taken as a whole, and we are not, by communicating the critical audit matter below, providing a separate opinion on the critical audit matter or on the accounts or disclosures to which it relates.
Fair Value Measurements - Level 3 Liabilities - Refer to Notes D and E to the financial statements
Critical Audit Matter Description
In conjunction with a lease incentive agreement entered into with a customer on December 20, 2018, the Company conditionally granted to the customer warrants to purchase Company common stock, which vest as additional
53
aircraft leases are executed. The unvested warrants are reported in the financial statements at fair value as a liability. These warrants do not have readily determinable market values and were valued at $94.4 million as of December 31, 2020, based on a pricing model using several inputs. Those inputs include significant observable and unobservable inputs.
We identified the valuation of these unvested warrants to purchase the Company’s stock, conditionally granted to a customer, as a critical audit matter because of the significant unobservable input management uses to estimate fair value. Valuation of these warrants included the use of a warrant valuation model with adjustments for the probability of the future vesting events occurring. A high degree of auditor judgment and an increased extent of effort were required to audit the probabilities of the future vesting events occurring.
How the Critical Audit Matter Was Addressed in the Audit
Our audit procedures related to the significant unobservable inputs used in management’s estimate of fair value of the conditionally granted unvested warrants included the following, among others:
•We tested the effectiveness of management’s controls over the valuation of these warrants, which included a control over the significant unobservable input.
•We evaluated the reasonableness of management’s estimate of the probability that future vesting events will occur by comparing the assumptions in the warrant valuation with the assumptions in the Company’s forecast of aircraft leases and extensions, its projected aircraft availability, its internal and external communications, and the customer’s projected revenue growth.
•We performed a retrospective review of management’s ability to accurately estimate the probability of future vesting events occurring by comparing initial aircraft availability estimates prepared by management for the Company’s prior lease agreements to the actual results.
•We assessed the consistency by which management has applied business assumptions to the significant unobservable inputs.
/s/ Deloitte & Touche LLP
Cincinnati, Ohio
March 1, 2021
We have served as the Company's auditor since 2002.
54
AIR TRANSPORT SERVICES GROUP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(In thousands, except share data)
| December 31, | December 31, | ||||||||||
| 2020 | 2019 | ||||||||||
| ASSETS | |||||||||||
| CURRENT ASSETS: | |||||||||||
| Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash | $ | 39,719 | $ | 46,201 | |||||||
| Accounts receivable, net of allowance of $997 in 2020 and $975 in 2019 | 153,511 | 162,870 | |||||||||
| Inventory | 40,410 | 37,397 | |||||||||
| Prepaid supplies and other | 39,096 | 20,323 | |||||||||
| TOTAL CURRENT ASSETS | 272,736 | 266,791 | |||||||||
| Property and equipment, net | 1,939,776 | 1,766,020 | |||||||||
| Customer incentive | 126,007 | 146,678 | |||||||||
| Goodwill and acquired intangibles | 516,290 | 527,654 | |||||||||
| Operating lease assets | 68,824 | 44,302 | |||||||||
| Other assets | 78,112 | 68,733 | |||||||||
| TOTAL ASSETS | $ | 3,001,745 | $ | 2,820,178 | |||||||
| LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY | |||||||||||
| CURRENT LIABILITIES: | |||||||||||
| Accounts payable | $ | 141,425 | $ | 141,094 | |||||||
| Accrued salaries, wages and benefits | 56,506 | 59,429 | |||||||||
| Accrued expenses | 19,005 | 17,586 | |||||||||
| Current portion of debt obligations | 13,746 | 14,707 | |||||||||
| Current portion of lease obligations | 17,784 | 12,857 | |||||||||
| Unearned revenue and grants | 53,522 | 17,566 | |||||||||
| TOTAL CURRENT LIABILITIES | 301,988 | 263,239 | |||||||||
| Long term debt | 1,465,331 | 1,469,677 | |||||||||
| Stock warrant obligations | 103,474 | 383,073 | |||||||||
| Post-retirement obligations | 35,099 | 36,744 | |||||||||
| Long term lease obligations | 51,128 | 30,334 | |||||||||
| Other liabilities | 47,963 | 49,293 | |||||||||
| Deferred income taxes | 141,265 | 127,476 | |||||||||
| TOTAL LIABILITIES | 2,146,248 | 2,359,836 | |||||||||
| Commitments and contingencies (Note I) | |||||||||||
| STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY: | |||||||||||
| Preferred stock, 20,000,000 shares authorized, including 75,000 Series A Junior Participating Preferred Stock | — | — | |||||||||
| Common stock, par value $0.01 per share; 150,000,000 shares authorized; 59,560,036 and 59,329,431 shares issued and outstanding in 2020 and 2019, respectively | 596 | 593 | |||||||||
| Additional paid-in capital | 855,547 | 475,720 | |||||||||
| Retained earnings | 78,010 | 45,895 | |||||||||
| Accumulated other comprehensive loss | (78,656) | (61,866) | |||||||||
| TOTAL STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY | 855,497 | 460,342 | |||||||||
| TOTAL LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY | $ | 3,001,745 | $ | 2,820,178 | |||||||
See notes to consolidated financial statements.
55
AIR TRANSPORT SERVICES GROUP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
(In thousands, except per share data)
| Year Ended December 31 | |||||||||||||||||
| 2020 | 2019 | 2018 | |||||||||||||||
| REVENUES | $ | 1,570,575 | $ | 1,452,183 | $ | 892,345 | |||||||||||
| OPERATING EXPENSES | |||||||||||||||||
| Salaries, wages and benefits | 518,961 | 433,518 | 300,514 | ||||||||||||||
| Depreciation and amortization | 278,067 | 257,532 | 178,895 | ||||||||||||||
| Maintenance, materials and repairs | 179,315 | 170,151 | 146,692 | ||||||||||||||
| Fuel | 148,383 | 155,033 | 39,293 | ||||||||||||||
| Contracted ground and aviation services | 63,564 | 64,076 | 16,640 | ||||||||||||||
| Travel | 77,382 | 90,993 | 34,443 | ||||||||||||||
| Landing and ramp | 12,468 | 11,184 | 5,968 | ||||||||||||||
| Rent | 19,299 | 16,006 | 13,899 | ||||||||||||||
| Insurance | 9,903 | 7,342 | 6,112 | ||||||||||||||
| Other operating expenses | 64,999 | 68,978 | 33,607 | ||||||||||||||
| Government grants | (47,231) | — | — | ||||||||||||||
| Impairment of aircraft and related assets | 39,075 | — | — | ||||||||||||||
| Transaction fees | — | 373 | 5,264 | ||||||||||||||
| 1,364,185 | 1,275,186 | 781,327 | |||||||||||||||
| OPERATING INCOME | 206,390 | 176,997 | 111,018 | ||||||||||||||
| OTHER INCOME (EXPENSE) | |||||||||||||||||
| Interest income | 222 | 370 | 251 | ||||||||||||||
| Non-service component of retiree benefit (costs) gains | 12,032 | (9,404) | 8,180 | ||||||||||||||
| Net gain (loss) on financial instruments | (100,771) | (12,302) | 7,296 | ||||||||||||||
| Loss from non-consolidated affiliate | (13,587) | (17,445) | (10,468) | ||||||||||||||
| Interest expense | (62,893) | (66,644) | (28,799) | ||||||||||||||
| (164,997) | (105,425) | (23,540) | |||||||||||||||
| EARNINGS FROM CONTINUING OPERATIONS BEFORE INCOME TAXES | 41,393 | 71,572 | 87,478 | ||||||||||||||
| INCOME TAX EXPENSE | (16,314) | (11,589) | (19,595) | ||||||||||||||
| EARNINGS FROM CONTINUING OPERATIONS | 25,079 | 59,983 | 67,883 | ||||||||||||||
| EARNINGS FROM DISCONTINUED OPERATIONS, NET OF TAXES | 7,036 | 1,219 | 1,402 | ||||||||||||||
| NET EARNINGS | $ | 32,115 | $ | 61,202 | $ | 69,285 | |||||||||||
| BASIC EARNINGS PER SHARE | |||||||||||||||||
| Continuing operations | $ | 0.42 | $ | 1.02 | $ | 1.16 | |||||||||||
| Discontinued operations | 0.12 | 0.02 | 0.02 | ||||||||||||||
| TOTAL BASIC EARNINGS PER SHARE | $ | 0.54 | $ | 1.04 | $ | 1.18 | |||||||||||
| DILUTED EARNINGS PER SHARE | |||||||||||||||||
| Continuing operations | $ | 0.42 | 0.78 | $ | 0.89 | ||||||||||||
| Discontinued operations | 0.12 | 0.01 | 0.02 | ||||||||||||||
| TOTAL DILUTED EARNINGS PER SHARE | $ | 0.54 | 0.79 | $ | 0.91 | ||||||||||||
| WEIGHTED AVERAGE SHARES | |||||||||||||||||
| Basic | 59,128 | 58,899 | 58,765 | ||||||||||||||
| Diluted | 59,931 | 69,348 | 68,356 | ||||||||||||||
See notes to consolidated financial statements.
56
AIR TRANSPORT SERVICES GROUP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME
(In thousands)
| Years Ended December 31 | |||||||||||||||||
| 2020 | 2019 | 2018 | |||||||||||||||
| NET EARNINGS | $ | 32,115 | $ | 61,202 | $ | 69,285 | |||||||||||
| OTHER COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS): | |||||||||||||||||
| Defined Benefit Pension | (16,941) | 27,890 | (28,467) | ||||||||||||||
| Defined Benefit Post-Retirement | 153 | 139 | 256 | ||||||||||||||
| Foreign Currency Translation | (2) | 1,467 | (131) | ||||||||||||||
| TOTAL COMPREHENSIVE INCOME, net of tax | $ | 15,325 | $ | 90,698 | $ | 40,943 | |||||||||||
See notes to consolidated financial statements.
57
AIR TRANSPORT SERVICES GROUP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(In thousands)
| Years Ended December 31 | |||||||||||||||||
| 2020 | 2019 | 2018 | |||||||||||||||
| OPERATING ACTIVITIES: | |||||||||||||||||
| Net earnings from continuing operations | $ | 25,079 | $ | 59,983 | $ | 67,883 | |||||||||||
| Net earnings from discontinued operations | 7,036 | 1,219 | 1,402 | ||||||||||||||
| Adjustments to reconcile net earnings to net cash provided by operating activities: | |||||||||||||||||
| Depreciation and amortization | 310,317 | 285,353 | 204,559 | ||||||||||||||
| Pension and post-retirement | 3,888 | 15,700 | 3,766 | ||||||||||||||
| Deferred income taxes | 18,492 | 10,478 | 18,986 | ||||||||||||||
| Amortization of stock-based compensation | 7,477 | 7,002 | 5,047 | ||||||||||||||
| Loss from non-consolidated affiliates | 13,587 | 17,445 | 10,468 | ||||||||||||||
| Net (gain) loss on financial instruments | 100,771 | 12,302 | (7,296) | ||||||||||||||
| Impairment of aircraft and related assets | 39,075 | — | — | ||||||||||||||
| Changes in assets and liabilities: | |||||||||||||||||
| Accounts receivable | 9,359 | (14,551) | 25,380 | ||||||||||||||
| Inventory and prepaid supplies | (27,825) | (6,493) | (3,273) | ||||||||||||||
| Accounts payable | 5,584 | 3,340 | 10,724 | ||||||||||||||
| Unearned revenue | 36,922 | 1,446 | (3,824) | ||||||||||||||
| Accrued expenses, salaries, wages, benefits and other liabilities | (5,226) | 13,390 | 3,605 | ||||||||||||||
| Pension and post-retirement balances | (28,198) | (12,132) | (35,293) | ||||||||||||||
| Other | (4,036) | 2,456 | (4,109) | ||||||||||||||
| NET CASH PROVIDED BY OPERATING ACTIVITIES | 512,302 | 396,938 | 298,025 | ||||||||||||||
| INVESTING ACTIVITIES: | |||||||||||||||||
| Expenditures for property and equipment | (510,417) | (453,502) | (292,915) | ||||||||||||||
| Proceeds from property and equipment | 24,583 | 10,804 | 17,570 | ||||||||||||||
| Acquisitions and investments in businesses, net of cash acquired | (13,333) | (24,360) | (866,558) | ||||||||||||||
| NET CASH (USED IN) INVESTING ACTIVITIES | (499,167) | (467,058) | (1,141,903) | ||||||||||||||
| FINANCING ACTIVITIES: | |||||||||||||||||
| Principal payments on long term obligations | (689,380) | (39,500) | (58,640) | ||||||||||||||
| Proceeds from borrowings | 180,000 | 100,018 | 945,000 | ||||||||||||||
| Payments for financing costs | (7,507) | (1,081) | (9,953) | ||||||||||||||
| Proceeds from bond issuance | 500,000 | — | — | ||||||||||||||
| Purchase of common stock | — | — | (3,581) | ||||||||||||||
| Withholding taxes paid for conversion of employee stock awards | (2,730) | (2,438) | (2,325) | ||||||||||||||
| NET CASH (USED IN) PROVIDED BY FINANCING ACTIVITIES | (19,617) | 56,999 | 870,501 | ||||||||||||||
| NET INCREASE (DECREASE) IN CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS | (6,482) | (13,121) | 26,623 | ||||||||||||||
| CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS AT BEGINNING OF YEAR | 46,201 | 59,322 | 32,699 | ||||||||||||||
| CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS AT END OF YEAR | $ | 39,719 | $ | 46,201 | $ | 59,322 | |||||||||||
| SUPPLEMENTAL CASH FLOW INFORMATION: | |||||||||||||||||
| Interest paid, net of amount capitalized | $ | 41,343 | $ | 57,546 | $ | 17,278 | |||||||||||
| Federal and state income taxes paid | $ | 1,139 | $ | 1,294 | $ | 1,213 | |||||||||||
| SUPPLEMENTAL NON-CASH INFORMATION: | |||||||||||||||||
| Accrued expenditures for property and equipment | $ | 37,880 | $ | 38,396 | $ | 11,234 | |||||||||||
| Accrued consideration for acquisition | $ | — | $ | — | $ | 7,845 | |||||||||||
See notes to consolidated financial statements.
58
AIR TRANSPORT SERVICES GROUP, INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
(In thousands, except share data)
| Common Stock | Additional Paid-in Capital | Accumulated Earnings (Deficit) | Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) | Total | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Number | Amount | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| BALANCE AT DECEMBER 31, 2017 | 59,057,195 | $ | 591 | $ | 471,456 | $ | (13,748) | $ | (63,020) | $ | 395,279 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Stock-based compensation plans | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Grant of restricted stock | 198,900 | 2 | (2) | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Issuance of common shares, net of withholdings | 36,378 | — | (2,329) | (2,329) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Forfeited restricted stock | (1,300) | — | — | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Purchase of common stock | (157,000) | (2) | (3,578) | (3,580) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Reclassification of bond hedge, net of taxes | (50,435) | (50,435) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Reclassification of note conversion obligation, net of taxes | 50,999 | 50,999 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Cumulative effect in change in accounting principle | 514 | 514 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Amortization of stock awards and restricted stock | 5,047 | 5,047 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total comprehensive income (loss) | 69,285 | (28,342) | 40,943 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| BALANCE AT DECEMBER 31, 2018 | 59,134,173 | $ | 591 | $ | 471,158 | $ | 56,051 | $ | (91,362) | $ | 436,438 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Stock-based compensation plans | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Grant of restricted stock | 151,300 | 2 | (2) | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Issuance of common shares, net of withholdings | 46,958 | — | (2,438) | (2,438) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Forfeited restricted stock | (3,000) | — | — | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Cumulative effect in change in accounting principle | (71,358) | (71,358) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Amortization of stock awards and restricted stock | 7,002 | 7,002 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total comprehensive income (loss) | 61,202 | 29,496 | 90,698 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| BALANCE AT DECEMBER 31, 2019 | 59,329,431 | $ | 593 | $ | 475,720 | $ | 45,895 | $ | (61,866) | $ | 460,342 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Stock-based compensation plans | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Grant of restricted stock | 201,400 | 2 | (2) | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Issuance of common shares, net of withholdings | 31,005 | 1 | (2,731) | (2,730) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Forfeited restricted stock | (1,800) | — | — | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Reclassification of warrant liability | 375,083 | 375,083 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Amortization of stock awards and restricted stock | 7,477 | 7,477 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total comprehensive income (loss) | 32,115 | (16,790) | 15,325 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| BALANCE AT DECEMBER 31, 2020 | 59,560,036 | $ | 596 | $ | 855,547 | $ | 78,010 | $ | (78,656) | $ | 855,497 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
See notes to consolidated financial statements.
59
AIR TRANSPORT SERVICES GROUP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
NOTE A—SUMMARY OF FINANCIAL STATEMENT PREPARATION AND SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES
Nature of Operations
Air Transport Services Group, Inc. is a holding company whose subsidiaries lease aircraft, provide contracted airline operations, ground services, aircraft modification and maintenance services and other support services mainly to the air transportation, e-commerce and package delivery industries. The Company's subsidiaries offer a range of complementary services to delivery companies, freight forwarders, airlines and government customers.
The Company's leasing subsidiary, Cargo Aircraft Management, Inc. (“CAM”), leases aircraft to each of the Company's airlines as well as to non-affiliated airlines and other lessees. The Company's airlines, ABX Air, Inc. (“ABX”), Air Transport International, Inc. (“ATI”) and Omni Air International, LLC ("OAI" ) each have the authority, through their separate U.S. Department of Transportation ("DOT") and Federal Aviation Administration ("FAA") certificates, to transport cargo worldwide. The Company provides air transportation services to a concentrated base of customers. The Company provides a combination of aircraft, crews, maintenance and insurance services for a customer's transportation network through customer "CMI" and "ACMI" agreements and through charter contracts in which aircraft fuel is also included. In addition to its aircraft leasing and airline services, the Company sells aircraft parts, provides aircraft maintenance and modification services, equipment maintenance services and arranges load transfer and package sorting services for customers.
Basis of Presentation
The accompanying consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Air Transport Services Group, Inc. and its wholly-owned subsidiaries. Inter-company balances and transactions are eliminated. The consolidated financial statements are prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America ("GAAP").
Investments in affiliates in which the Company has significant influence but does not exercise control are accounted for using the equity method of accounting. Under the equity method, the Company’s share of the nonconsolidated affiliate's income or loss is recognized in the consolidated statement of earnings and cumulative post-acquisition changes in the investment are adjusted against the carrying amount of the investment. Investments in affiliates in which the Company does not exercise control or have significant influence are reflected at cost less impairment, if any, plus or minus changes resulting from observable price changes in orderly transactions for the identical or a similar investment of the same issuer.
On November 9, 2018, the Company acquired OAI, a passenger airline, along with related entities Advanced Flight Services, LLC; Omni Aviation Leasing, LLC; and T7 Aviation Leasing, LLC (referred to collectively herein as "Omni"). OAI is a leading provider of contracted passenger airlift for the U.S. Department of Defense ("DoD") via the Civil Reserve Air Fleet ("CRAF") program, and a provider of full-service passenger charter and ACMI services. OAI carries passengers worldwide for a variety of private sector customers and other government services agencies. Revenues and operating expenses include the activities of Omni for periods since their acquisition by the Company on November 9, 2018.
Use of Estimates
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect amounts reported in the consolidated financial statements. Estimates and assumptions are used to record allowances for uncollectible amounts, self-insurance reserves, spare parts inventory, depreciation and impairments of property, equipment, goodwill and intangibles, stock warrants and other financial instruments, post-retirement obligations, income taxes, contingencies and litigation. Changes in estimates and assumptions may have a material impact on the consolidated financial statements.
60
COVID-19 Uncertainties
Beginning in late 2019, an outbreak of a coronavirus, COVID-19, was identified and has since spread globally, becoming a pandemic. The pandemic has had an impact on the Company's operations and financial results. Beginning in late February 2020, revenues were disrupted when customers cancelled scheduled passenger flights and aircraft maintenance services and the Company began to incur additional costs, including expenses to protect employees. Additionally, disruptions to the Company's operations, such as shortages of personnel, shortages of parts, maintenance delays, shortages of transportation and hotel accommodations for flight crews, facility closures and other issues may be caused by the pandemic.
The extent of the impact that the pandemic will have on future financial and operational results will depend on developments, including the duration, spread, severity and any recurrence of the COVID-19 virus; the duration and scope of government orders and restrictions; the availability and effectiveness of vaccines on the virus and the extent of the pandemic on overall economic conditions. These are highly uncertain. If the pandemic persists or reemerges, operating cash flows could decline significantly and the value of airframes, engines and certain intangible assets could decline significantly.
Currently, the pandemic has not had a significant adverse financial impact on the Company's leasing operations or its airline operations for customers' freight networks. Management believes that the Company's current cash balances and forecasted cash flows provided from its customer leases and operating agreements, combined with its Senior Credit Agreement, will be sufficient to fund operations, capital spending and scheduled debt payments for at least the next 12 months.
Cash and Cash Equivalents
The Company classifies short-term, highly liquid investments with maturities of three months or less at the time of purchase as cash and cash equivalents. These investments, consisting of money market funds, are recorded at cost, which approximates fair value. Substantially all deposits of the Company’s cash are held in accounts that exceed federally insured limits. The Company deposits cash in common financial institutions which management believes are financially sound.
Cash includes restricted cash of $0.4 million as of December 31, 2020 and $10.6 million as of December 31, 2019. Restricted cash consists of customers’ deposits held in an escrow account as required by DOT regulations. The cash is restricted to the extent of customers’ deposits on flights not yet flown. Restricted cash is released from escrow upon completion of specific flights, which are scheduled to occur within the twelve months.
Accounts Receivable and Allowance for Uncollectible Accounts
The Company's accounts receivable is primarily due from its significant customers (see Note D), other airlines, delivery companies and freight forwarders. The Company estimates expected credit losses over the lifetime of the customer receivables that are not past due. The Company also performs a quarterly evaluation of the accounts receivable and the allowance for uncollectible accounts by reviewing specific customers' recent payment history, growth prospects, financial condition and other factors that may impact a customer's ability to pay. The Company establishes allowances for amounts that are not expected to be received. Account balances are written off against the allowances when the Company ceases collection efforts.
Inventory
The Company’s inventory is comprised primarily of expendable aircraft parts and supplies used for aircraft maintenance. Inventory is generally charged to expense when issued for use on a Company aircraft. The Company values its inventory of aircraft parts and supplies at weighted-average cost and maintains a related obsolescence reserve. The Company records an obsolescence reserve on a base stock of inventory. The Company monitors the usage rates of inventory parts and segregates parts that are technologically outdated or no longer used in its fleet types. Slow moving and segregated items are actively marketed and written down to their estimated net realizable values based on market conditions.
Management analyzes the inventory reserve for reasonableness at the end of each quarter. That analysis includes consideration of the expected fleet life, amounts expected to be on hand at the end of a fleet life, and recent events
61
and conditions that may impact the usability or value of inventory. Events or conditions that may impact the expected life, usability or net realizable value of inventory include additional aircraft maintenance directives from the FAA, changes in DOT regulations, new environmental laws and technological advances.
Goodwill and Intangible Assets
The Company assesses, during the fourth quarter of each year, the carrying value of goodwill. The assessment requires an estimation of fair value of each reporting unit that has goodwill. The goodwill impairment test requires a comparison of the fair value of the reporting unit to its respective carrying value. If the carrying value of a reporting unit is less than its fair value no impairment exists. If the carrying amount of a reporting unit is higher than its fair value an impairment loss is recorded for the difference and charged to operations.
The Company assesses, during the fourth quarter of each year, whether it is more likely than not that an indefinite-lived intangible asset is impaired by considering all relevant events and circumstances that could affect the significant inputs used to determine the fair value of the indefinite-lived intangible asset.
The Company also conducts impairment assessments of goodwill, indefinite-lived intangible assets and finite-lived intangible assets whenever events or changes in circumstance indicate an impairment may have occurred. Finite-lived intangible assets are amortized over their estimated useful economic lives.
Property and Equipment
Property and equipment held for use is stated at cost, net of any impairment recorded. The cost and accumulated depreciation of disposed property and equipment are removed from the accounts with any related gain or loss reflected in earnings from operations.
Depreciation of property and equipment is provided on a straight-line basis over the lesser of the asset’s useful life or lease term. Depreciable lives are summarized as follows:
| Boeing 777, 767 and 757 aircraft and flight equipment | 7 to 18 years | ||||
| Ground equipment | 2 to 10 years | ||||
| Leasehold improvements, facilities and office equipment | 3 to 25 years | ||||
The Company periodically evaluates the useful lives, salvage values and fair values of property and equipment. Acceleration of depreciation expense or the recording of significant impairment losses could result from changes in the estimated useful lives of assets due to a number of reasons, such as excess aircraft capacity or changes in regulations governing the use of aircraft.
Aircraft and other long-lived assets are tested for impairment when circumstances indicate the carrying value of the assets may not be recoverable. To conduct impairment testing, the Company groups assets and liabilities at the lowest level for which identifiable cash flows are largely independent of cash flows of other assets and liabilities. For assets that are to be held and used, impairment is recognized when the estimated undiscounted cash flows associated with the asset group are less than the carrying value. If impairment exists, an adjustment is recorded to write the assets down to fair value, and a loss is recorded as the difference between the carrying value and fair value. Fair values are determined considering quoted market values, discounted cash flows or internal and external appraisals, as applicable. For assets held for sale, impairment is recognized when the fair value less the cost to sell the asset is less than the carrying value.
The Company’s accounting policy for major airframe and engine maintenance varies by subsidiary and aircraft type. The costs of airframe maintenance for Boeing 767-200 aircraft operated by ABX are expensed as they are incurred. The costs of major airframe maintenance for the Company's other aircraft are capitalized and amortized over the useful life of the overhaul. Many of the Company's General Electric CF6 engines that power the Boeing 767-200 aircraft are maintained under a "power by the cycle" agreement with an engine maintenance provider. Further, in May 2017, the Company entered into similar maintenance agreements for certain General Electric CF6 engines that power many of the Company's Boeing 767-300 aircraft. Under these agreements, the engines are maintained by the service provider for a fixed fee per cycle. As a result, the cost of maintenance for these engines is generally expensed as flights occur. Maintenance for the airlines’ other aircraft engines, including Boeing 777 and
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Boeing 757 aircraft, are typically contracted to service providers on a time and material basis and the costs of those engine overhauls are capitalized and amortized over the useful life of the overhaul.
For aircraft leased from external lessors, the Company may be required to make periodic payments to the lessor under certain aircraft leases for future maintenance events such as engine overhauls and major airframe maintenance. Such payments are recorded as deposits until drawn for qualifying maintenance costs. The maintenance costs are expensed or capitalized in accordance with the airline's accounting policy for major airframe and engine maintenance. The Company evaluates at the balance sheet date, whether it is probable that an amount on deposit will be returned by the lessor to reimburse the costs of the maintenance activities. When it is less than probable that a deposit will be returned, it is recognized as additional maintenance expense.
Capitalized Interest
Interest costs incurred while aircraft are being modified are capitalized as an additional cost of the aircraft until the date the asset is placed in service. Capitalized interest was $2.8 million, $3.7 million and $1.8 million for the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018, respectively.
Discontinued Operations
A business component whose operations are discontinued is reported as discontinued operations if the cash flows of the component have been eliminated from the ongoing operations of the Company and represents a strategic shift that had a major impact on the Company. The results of discontinued operations are aggregated and presented separately in the consolidated statements of operations.
Self-Insurance
The Company is self-insured for certain workers’ compensation, employee healthcare, automobile, aircraft, and general liability claims. The Company maintains excess claim coverage with common insurance carriers to mitigate its exposure to large claim losses. The Company records a liability for reported claims and an estimate for incurred claims that have not yet been reported. Accruals for these claims are estimated utilizing historical paid claims data and recent claims trends. Other liabilities included $9.3 million and $16.1 million at December 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively, for self-insured reserves. Changes in claim severity and frequency could result in actual claims being materially different than the costs accrued.
Pension and Post-Retirement Benefits
The funded status of any of the Company's defined benefit pension or post-retirement health care plans is the difference between the fair value of plan assets and the accumulated benefit obligations to plan participants. The over funded or underfunded status of a plan is reflected in the consolidated balance sheet as an asset for over funded plans, or as a liability for underfunded plans.
The funded status is ordinarily re-measured annually at year end using the fair value of plans assets, market based discount rates and actuarial assumptions. Changes in the funded status of the plans as a result of re-measuring plan assets and benefit obligations, are recorded to accumulated comprehensive loss and amortized into expense using a corridor approach. The Company's corridor approach amortizes into earnings variances in plan assets and benefit obligations that are a result of the previous measurement assumptions when the net deferred variances exceed 10% of the greater of the market value of plan assets or the benefit obligation at the beginning of the year. The amount in excess of the corridor is amortized over the average remaining service period to retirement date of active plan participants. Cost adjustments for plan amendments are also deferred and amortized over the expected working life or the life expectancy of plan participants. Irrevocable settlement transactions that relieve the Company from responsibilities of providing retiree benefits and significantly eliminate the Company's related risk may result in recognition of gains or losses from accumulated other comprehensive loss. The plan's investment returns, interest expense, settlements and other non-service cost components of retiree benefits are reported in other income and expense included in earnings before income taxes.
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Customer Security and Maintenance Deposits
The Company's customer leases typically obligate the lessee to maintain the Company's aircraft in compliance with regulatory standards for flight and aircraft maintenance. The Company may require an aircraft lessee to pay a security deposit or provide a letter of credit until the expiration of the lease. Additionally, the Company's leases may require a lessee to make monthly payments toward future expenditures for scheduled heavy maintenance events. The Company records security and maintenance deposits in other liabilities. If a lease requires monthly maintenance payments, the Company is typically required to reimburse the lessee for costs they incur for scheduled heavy maintenance events after completion of the work and receipt of qualifying documentation. Reimbursements to the lessee are recorded against the previously paid maintenance deposits.
Income Taxes
Income taxes have been computed using the asset and liability method, under which deferred income taxes are provided for the temporary differences between the financial reporting basis and the tax basis of the Company’s assets and liabilities. Deferred taxes are measured using provisions of currently enacted tax laws. A valuation allowance against net deferred tax assets is recorded when it is more likely than not that such assets will not be fully realized. Tax credits are accounted for as a reduction of income taxes in the year in which the credit originates. All deferred income taxes are classified as noncurrent in the statement of financial position.
The Company recognizes the benefit of a tax position taken on a tax return, if that position is more likely than not of being sustained on audit, based on the technical merits of the position. An uncertain income tax position is not recognized if it has less than a 50% likelihood of being sustained. The Company recognizes interest and penalties accrued related to uncertain tax positions in operating expense.
Purchase of Common Stock
The Company's Board of Directors has authorized management to repurchase outstanding common stock of the Company from time to time on the open market or in privately negotiated transactions. The authorization does not require the Company to repurchase a specific number of shares and the Company may terminate the repurchase program at any time. Upon the retirement of common stock repurchased, the excess purchase price over the par value for retired shares of common stock is recorded to additional paid-in-capital.
As described in Note I, the Company is prohibited from repurchasing its common shares through March 31, 2022.
Stock Warrants
The Company’s accounting for warrants issued to a lessee is determined in accordance with the financial reporting guidance for equity-based payments to non-employees and for financial instruments. The warrants issued to a lessee are recorded as a lease incentive asset using their fair value at the time of issuance. The lease incentive is amortized against revenues over the duration of related aircraft leases. The unexercised warrants that are classified in liabilities are re-measured to fair value at the end of each reporting period, resulting in a non-operating gain or loss.
Comprehensive Income
Comprehensive income includes net earnings and other comprehensive income or loss. Other comprehensive income or loss results from certain changes in the Company’s liabilities for pension and other post-retirement benefits, gains and losses associated with interest rate hedging instruments and fluctuations in currency exchange rates related to the foreign affiliate.
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Fair Value Information
Assets or liabilities that are required to be measured at fair value are reported using the exchange price that would be received for an asset or paid to transfer a liability (an exit price) in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants on the measurement date. FASB ASC Topic 820-10 Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures establishes three levels of input that may be used to measure fair value:
•Level 1: Unadjusted quoted prices in active markets that are accessible at the measurement date for identical, unrestricted assets or liabilities.
•Level 2: Observable inputs other than Level 1 prices such as quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities; quoted prices in markets that are not active; or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data for substantially the full term of the assets or liabilities.
•Level 3: Unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activity and that are significant to the fair value of the assets or liabilities. Level 3 assets and liabilities include items where the determination of fair value requires significant management judgment or estimation.
Revenue Recognition
Aircraft lease revenues are recognized as operating lease revenues on a straight-line basis over the term of the applicable lease agreements. Revenues generated from airline service agreements are typically recognized based on hours flown or the amount of aircraft and crew resources provided during a reporting period. Certain agreements include provisions for incentive payments based upon on-time reliability. These incentives are typically measured on a monthly basis and recorded to revenue in the corresponding month earned. Revenues for operating expenses that are reimbursed by customers through airline service agreements, including consumption of aircraft fuel, are generally recognized net of the corresponding expenses, as the costs are incurred. Revenues from charter service agreements are recognized on scheduled and non-scheduled flights when the specific flight has been completed. Contracts for the sale of aircraft parts typically result in the recognition of revenue when the parts are delivered. The Company typically records revenues and estimated earnings over time for its airframe maintenance and aircraft modification contracts based on the percentage of costs completed. Revenues derived from sorting parcels are recognized in the reporting period in which the services are performed.
Accounting Standards Updates
Effective January 1, 2018, the Company adopted the Financial Accounting Standards Board's ("FASB") Accounting Standards Update ("ASU") No. 2014-09, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606)” ("Topic 606”) which superseded previous revenue recognition guidance. Topic 606 is a comprehensive revenue recognition model that requires a company to recognize revenue to depict the transfer of goods or services to a customer at an amount that reflects the consideration it expects to receive in exchange for those goods or services. The Company's lease revenues within the scope of Accounting Standards Codification 840, Leases, ("Topic 840") are specifically excluded from Topic 606.
Under Topic 606, the Company is required to record revenue over time, instead of at the time of completion, for certain customer contracts for airframe and modification services that do not have an alternative use and for which the Company has an enforceable right to payment during the service cycle. The Company adopted the provisions of this new standard using the modified retrospective method which required the Company to record a one-time adjustment to retained earnings for the cumulative effect that the standard had on open contracts at the time of adoption. In conjunction with the adoption of the new standard, the Company accelerated $3.6 million of revenue resulting in an immaterial adjustment to its January 1, 2018 retained deficit for open airframe and modification services contracts.
Effective January 1, 2019, the Company adopted the FASB's ASU No. 2016-02, “Leases (Topic 842)” which superseded previous lease guidance ASC 840, Leases. Topic 842 is a new lease model that requires a company to recognize right-of-use (“ROU”) assets and lease liabilities on the balance sheet. The Company adopted the standard using the modified retrospective approach that does not require the restatement of prior year financial statements. The adoption of Topic 842 did not have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated statement of operations and consolidated statement of cash flows. The adoption of Topic 842 resulted in the recognition of ROU assets and
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corresponding lease liabilities as of January 1, 2019 in the amount of $52.6 million for leases classified as operating leases. Topic 842 also applies to the Company's aircraft lease revenues, however, the adoption of Topic 842 did not have a significant impact on the Company's accounting for its customer lease agreements.
The Company adopted the package of practical expedients and transition provisions available for expired or existing contracts, which allowed the Company to carryforward its historical assessments of 1) whether contracts are or contain leases, 2) lease classification, and 3) initial direct costs. Additionally, for real estate leases, the Company adopted the practical expedient that allows lessees to treat the lease and non-lease components of leases as a single lease component. The Company also elected the hindsight practical expedient to determine the reasonably certain lease term for existing leases. Further, the Company elected the short-term lease exception policy, permitting it to exclude the recognition requirements for leases with terms of 12 months or less. See Note I for additional information about leases.
In February 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-02 “Reclassification of Certain Tax Effects From Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income" ("ASU 2018-02"). ASU 2018-02 amends ASC 220, Income Statement - Reporting Comprehensive Income, to allow a reclassification from accumulated other comprehensive income to retained earnings for stranded tax effects resulting from U.S. federal tax legislation known as the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act. ASU 2018-02 is effective for years beginning after December 15, 2018 and interim periods within those fiscal years. The Company elected to retain stranded tax effects in accumulated other comprehensive income.
In June 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-07 “Improvements to Non-employee Share-based Payment Accounting" ("ASU 2018-07"). ASU 2018-07 amends ASC 718, "Compensation - Stock Compensation" ("ASC 718"), with the intent of simplifying the accounting for share-based payments granted to non-employees for goods and services and aligning the accounting for share-based payments granted to non-employees with the accounting for share-based payments granted to employees. The Company adopted ASU 2018-07 on January 1, 2019 using the modified retrospective approach as required. ASU 2018-07 replaced ASC 505-50, "Equity-Based Payments to Nonemployees" ("ASC 505-50") which was previously applied by the Company for warrants granted to Amazon.com, Inc. ("Amazon") as customer incentives. As a result of ASU 2018-07, the Company applied accounting guidance for financial instruments to the unvested warrants conditionally granted to Amazon in conjunction with an investment agreement reached with Amazon on December 22, 2018. Applying ASU 2018-07 as of January 1, 2019, through the modified retrospective approach, resulted in the recognition of $176.9 million for unvested warrant liabilities, $100.1 million for customer incentive assets and cumulative-effect adjustments of $71.4 million, net of tax, to reduce retained earnings for customer incentives that were not probable of being realized. The adoption of ASU 2018-07 on January 1, 2019 did not have an impact on the accounting for vested warrants.
The Company adopted "Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (Topic 326), Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments" ("ASU 2016-13") on January 1, 2020. Under ASU 2016-13, an entity is required to utilize an “expected credit loss model” on certain financial instruments, including trade receivables. This model requires an entity to estimate expected credit losses over the lifetime of the financial asset including trade receivables that are not past due. Operating lease receivables are not within the scope of Topic 326. The Company's adoption of ASU 2016-13 did not have a material impact on the consolidated financial statements or related disclosures.
In August 2020, the FASB issued ASU No. 2020-06, "Accounting for Convertible Instruments and Contracts in an Entity's Own Equity" ("ASU 2020-06"). This new standard changes the accounting and measurement of convertible instruments. It eliminates the treasury stock method for convertible instruments and requires application of the “if-converted” method for certain agreements. This standard is effective for the Company beginning January 1, 2022. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of ASU 2020-06 on its interest expense and earnings (loss) per share calculation under the "if-converted" method related to its convertible debt.
NOTE B—ACQUISITION OF OMNI
On November 9, 2018, the Company acquired Omni including OAI and its aircraft fleet. The Company acquired Omni for cash consideration of $867.7 million. The Company funded the all-cash acquisition by amending its senior credit agreement to issue a new term loan for $675.0 million, drawing $180.0 million from its revolving credit facility and using its available cash.
The acquisition of Omni by the Company is reported in accordance with Accounting Standards Codification 805, Business Combinations, in which the total purchase price is allocated to Omni’s tangible and intangible assets acquired and liabilities assumed based on their estimated fair values as of the date of the acquisition. The excess of
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the purchase price over the estimated fair value of net assets acquired was recorded as goodwill. The purchase price exceeded the fair value of the net assets acquired due to the strategic opportunities and expected benefits associated with adding Omni's capabilities to the Company's existing offerings in the market. The benefits of adding Omni include the following:
•Additional passenger transportation capabilities
•FAA operating authority for the Boeing 777 aircraft
•Increased revenues, cash flows and customer diversification
•Passenger aircraft life cycle leading to potential freighter conversion
The allocation of the purchase price to specific assets and liabilities is based, in part, upon internal estimates of assets and liabilities and independent appraisals. Based on the valuations, the following table summarizes estimated fair values of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed (in thousands) for the consideration paid:
| Cash | $ | 4,693 | |||
| Accounts receivable | 63,041 | ||||
| Other current assets | 8,366 | ||||
| Other assets | 7,836 | ||||
| Intangibles | 140,000 | ||||
| Goodwill | 353,466 | ||||
| Property and equipment | 328,869 | ||||
| Current liabilities | (32,646) | ||||
| Customer deposits | (5,950) | ||||
| Net assets acquired | $ | 867,675 | |||
Property and equipment acquired includes the engines and airframes of eight Boeing 767 and three Boeing 777 passenger aircraft owned by Omni and leasehold improvements for two Boeing 767 aircraft under operating leases. The fair values assigned to the acquired aircraft were derived from market comparisons with the assistance of an independent appraiser. Depreciation expense of property and equipment is provided on a straight-line basis over the lesser of the asset’s remaining useful life or lease term. The estimated remaining life of these airframes range between seven and eighteen years. The estimated life of the airframes and engines include the Company's intent to convert a portion of Omni's passenger aircraft to freighter aircraft after the aircraft are no longer used for passengers. The value of major airframe maintenance and engine overhauls are depreciated over the useful life of the overhaul. Intangible assets consisted of $134.0 million for customer relationships and $6.0 million for airline certificates. The value assigned to Omni's customer relationships was determined by discounting the estimated cash flows associated with the existing customers as of the acquisition date, taking into consideration expected attrition of the existing customer base. The estimated cash flows were based on revenues for those existing customers, net of operating expenses and net contributory asset charges associated with servicing those customers. The estimated revenues were based on revenue growth rates and customer renewal rates. Operating expenses were estimated based on the supporting infrastructure expected to sustain the assumed revenue levels. The customer relationship intangibles are estimated to amortize over seven to twenty years on a straight-line basis and airline certificates have indefinite lives and therefore are not amortized. The goodwill is deductible for U.S. income tax purposes over 15 years.
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The following table provides unaudited pro forma financial results (in thousands) for the Company after giving effect to the acquisition of Omni and adjustments described below. This information is based on adjustments to the historical consolidated financial statements of Omni using the purchase method of accounting for business combinations as if the acquisition had taken place on January 1, 2017. The unaudited pro forma adjustments do not include any of the cost savings and other synergies which may result from the acquisition. These unaudited pro forma financial results are based on assumptions considered appropriate by management and include all material adjustments as considered necessary. These unaudited pro forma results have been prepared for comparative purposes only and do not purport to be indicative of results that would have actually been reported as of the date or for the year presented had the acquisition taken place on such date or at the beginning of the year indicated, or to project the Company’s financial position or results of operations which may be reported in the future (in thousands).
| Year Ended December 31, | ||||||||
| 2018 | ||||||||
| Pro forma revenues | 1,320,234 | |||||||
| Pro forma net earnings from continuing operations | 88,454 | |||||||
Revenues for 2018 reflect the adoption of Topic 606 on January 1, 2018, as described in Note O. Under this new revenue standard, such reimbursed amounts are reported net of the corresponding expenses beginning in 2018. The following adjustments were made to the historical financial records to create the unaudited pro forma information in the table above:
•Adjustments to eliminate transactions between the Company and Omni during the ten and one half months ended November 9, 2018 respectively.
•Adjustment to reflect estimated additional depreciation and amortization expense of $10.0 million for the ten and one half months ended November 9, 2018, resulting primarily from the fair value adjustments to Omni’s intangible assets. Pro forma combined depreciation expense for the periods presented reflect the increased fair values of the aircraft acquired and longer useful lives of the aircraft, indicative of the Company's polices and intent to modify certain aircraft to freighters as an aircraft is removed from passenger service.
•Adjustment to reflect additional interest expense and amortization of debt issuance costs for the ten and one half months ended November 9, 2018, related to the combined $855 million from an unsubordinated term loan and revolving facility draws using the prevailing rates of 4.57%.
•Adjustment to apply the statutory tax rate of the Company to the pre-tax earnings of Omni and the pro forma adjustments for the ten and one half months ended November 9, 2018. Omni had historically elected to be treated as pass-through entities for income tax purposes. Accordingly, no provision for income taxes had been made in Omni's consolidated statements of earnings. The adjustments reflect tax rate of 22.58% for the first ten and one half months ended November 9, 2018.
•Adjustment to remove acquisition related expenses of $5.3 million for professional fees and classified as "Transaction fees" within the consolidated statement of operations for 2018.
NOTE C—GOODWILL, INTANGIBLES AND EQUITY INVESTMENTS
As disclosed in Note B, on November 9, 2018, the Company acquired Omni. The purchase price was allocated to tangible and identifiable intangible assets acquired and liabilities assumed based on their estimated fair values at the date of acquisition. The excess purchase price over the estimated fair value of net assets acquired was recorded as goodwill. Identified intangible assets included OAI's certificated authority granted by the FAA to operate as an airline and OAI's long term customer relationships.
On February 1, 2019, the Company acquired a group of companies under common control, referred to as TriFactor. TriFactor resells material handling equipment and provides engineering design solutions for warehousing, retail distribution and e-commerce operations. Revenues and operating expenses include the activities of TriFactor for periods since its acquisition by the Company. The excess purchase price over the estimated fair
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value of net assets acquired was recorded as goodwill. The acquisition of TriFactor did not have a significant impact on the Company's financial statements or results of operations.
As of December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018, the goodwill amounts for reporting units that have goodwill were separately tested for impairment. To perform the goodwill impairment test, the Company determined the fair value of the reporting units using industry market multiples and discounted cash flows utilizing a market-derived cost of capital (level 3 fair value inputs). The goodwill amounts were not impaired. The carrying amounts of goodwill are as follows (in thousands):
| CAM | ACMI Services | All Other | Total | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Carrying value as of December 31, 2018 | $ | 153,290 | $ | 234,571 | $ | 2,884 | $ | 390,745 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Acquisition of TriFactor | — | — | 5,229 | 5,229 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Carrying value as of December 31, 2019 | $ | 153,290 | $ | 234,571 | $ | 8,113 | $ | 395,974 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Carrying value as of December 31, 2020 | $ | 153,290 | $ | 234,571 | $ | 8,113 | $ | 395,974 | ||||||||||||||||||
The Company's acquired intangible assets are as follows (in thousands):
| Airline | Amortizing | |||||||||||||||||||
| Certificates | Intangibles | Total | ||||||||||||||||||
| Carrying value as of December 31, 2018 | $ | 9,000 | $ | 135,614 | $ | 144,614 | ||||||||||||||
| Amortization | — | (11,434) | (11,434) | |||||||||||||||||
| Right of use asset | — | (1,500) | (1,500) | |||||||||||||||||
| Carrying value as of December 31, 2019 | $ | 9,000 | $ | 122,680 | $ | 131,680 | ||||||||||||||
| Amortization | — | (11,364) | (11,364) | |||||||||||||||||
| Carrying value as of December 31, 2020 | $ | 9,000 | $ | 111,316 | $ | 120,316 | ||||||||||||||
The airline certificates have an indefinite life and therefore are not amortized. The Company amortizes finite-lived intangibles assets, including customer relationship and STC intangibles, over 5 to 18 remaining years. The Company recorded intangible amortization expense of $11.4 million, $11.4 million and $2.7 million for the years ending December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018, respectively. Estimated amortization expense for the next five years is $10.6 million, $10.6 million, $10.6 million, $10.6 million and $9.8 million.
Stock warrants issued to a lessee (see Note D) as an incentive are recorded as a lease incentive asset using their fair value at the time that the lessee has met its performance obligations and amortized against revenues over the duration of related aircraft leases. The Company's lease incentive granted to the lessee was as follows (in thousands):
| Lease | ||||||||
| Incentive | ||||||||
| Carrying value as of December 31, 2018 | $ | 63,780 | ||||||
| Adoption of ASU 2018-07 | 100,076 | |||||||
| Amortization | (17,178) | |||||||
| Carrying value as of December 31, 2019 | $ | 146,678 | ||||||
| Amortization | (20,671) | |||||||
| Carrying value as of December 31, 2020 | $ | 126,007 | ||||||
The lease incentive began to amortize in April 2016 with the commencement of certain aircraft leases. Based on the warrants granted as of December 31, 2020, the Company expects to record amortization, as a reduction to the lease revenue, of $22.6 million, $22.7 million, $18.1 million, $15.1 million and $15.2 million for each of the next five years ending December 31, 2025.
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In January 2014, the Company acquired a 25 percent equity interest in West Atlantic AB of Gothenburg, Sweden ("West"). West, through its two airlines, West Atlantic UK and West Atlantic Sweden, operates a fleet of aircraft on behalf of European regional mail carriers and express logistics providers. The airlines operate a combined fleet of British Aerospace ATPs, Bombardier CRJ-200-PFs, and Boeing 767 and 737 aircraft. In April 2019, West issued additional shares to a new investor in conjunction with a capital investment and purchase agreement which reduced the Company's ownership to approximately 10% and reduced the Company's influence over West. In 2020, the Company sold its remaining interest to the same investor.
On August 3, 2017 the Company entered into a joint-venture agreement with Precision Aircraft Solutions, LLC, to develop a passenger-to-freighter conversion program for Airbus A321-200 aircraft. The Company anticipates approval of a supplemental type certificate from the FAA in 2021. The Company expects to make contributions equal to its 49% ownership percentage of the program's total costs over the next two years. During the 2020, 2019 and 2018 years, the Company contributed $13.3 million, $12.3 million and $11.4 million to the joint venture, respectively. The Company accounts for its investment in the aircraft conversion joint venture under the equity method of accounting, in which the carrying value of each investment is reduced for the Company's share of the non-consolidated affiliates operating results.
The carrying value of West and the joint venture totaled $10.7 million and $10.9 million at December 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively, and are reflected in “Other Assets” in the Company’s consolidated balance sheets. The Company monitors its investments in affiliates for indicators of other-than-temporary declines in value on an ongoing basis in accordance with GAAP. If the Company determines that an other-than-temporary decline in value has occurred, it recognizes an impairment loss, which is measured as the difference between the recorded carrying value and the fair value of the investment. The fair value is generally determined using an income approach based on discounted cash flows or using negotiated transaction values.
NOTE D—SIGNIFICANT CUSTOMERS
Three customers each account for a significant portion of the Company's consolidated revenues. The percentage of the Company's revenues for the Company's three largest customers, for the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018 are as follows:
| Year Ended December 31, | ||||||||||||||||||||
| 2020 | 2019 | 2018 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Customer | Percentage of Revenue | |||||||||||||||||||
| DoD | 31% | 34% | 15% | |||||||||||||||||
| Amazon | 30% | 23% | 27% | |||||||||||||||||
| DHL | 12% | 14% | 26% | |||||||||||||||||
The accounts receivable from the Company's three largest customers as of December 31, 2020 and 2019 are as follows (in thousands):
| Year Ending December 31, | ||||||||||||||
| 2020 | 2019 | |||||||||||||
| Customer | Accounts Receivable | |||||||||||||
| DoD | $ | 32,625 | $ | 44,513 | ||||||||||
| Amazon | 55,997 | 50,036 | ||||||||||||
| DHL | 10,471 | 12,688 | ||||||||||||
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DoD
The Company is a provider of cargo and passenger airlift services to the DoD. The DoD awards flights to U.S. certificated airlines through annual contracts and through temporary "expansion" routes. Revenues from services performed for the DoD include revenues for Omni beginning November 9, 2018.
Amazon
The Company has been providing freighter aircraft and services for cargo handling and logistical support for Amazon.com Services, LLC ("ASI"), successor to Amazon.com Services, Inc., a subsidiary of Amazon.com, Inc. ("Amazon") since September 2015. On March 8, 2016, the Company entered into an Air Transportation Services Agreement (the “ATSA”) with ASI, pursuant to which CAM leases Boeing 767 freighter aircraft to ASI. The ATSA also provides for the operation of aircraft by the Company’s airline subsidiaries, and the management of ground services by the Company's subsidiary LGSTX Services Inc. ("LGSTX"). The aircraft leases have terms which expire between March of 2023 and October of 2030.
DHL
The Company has had long term contracts with DHL Network Operations (USA), Inc. and its affiliates ("DHL") since August 2003. The Company leases Boeing 767 aircraft to DHL under both long-term and short-term lease agreements. Under a separate crew, maintenance and insurance (“CMI”) agreement, the Company operates Boeing 767 aircraft that DHL leases from the Company. Pricing for services provided through the CMI agreement is based on pre-defined fees, scaled for the number of aircraft operated and the number of flight crews provided to DHL for its U.S. network. The Company provides DHL with scheduled maintenance services for aircraft that DHL leases. The Company also provides additional air cargo transportation services for DHL through ACMI agreements in which the Company provides the aircraft, crews, maintenance and insurance under a single contract. Revenues generated from the ACMI agreements are typically based on hours flown.
Amazon Investment Agreement
In conjunction with the execution of the ATSA, the Company and Amazon entered into an Investment Agreement and a Stockholders Agreement on March 8, 2016. The Investment Agreement calls for the Company to issue warrants in three tranches which will grant Amazon the right to acquire up to 19.9% of the Company’s outstanding common shares as described below. The first tranche of warrants, issued upon the execution of the Investment Agreement and all of which are now fully vested, granted Amazon the right to purchase approximately 12.81 million ATSG common shares, with the first 7.69 million common shares vesting upon issuance on March 8, 2016, and the remaining 5.12 million common shares vesting as the Company delivered additional aircraft leased under the ATSA. The second tranche of warrants, which were issued and vested on March 8, 2018, grants Amazon the right to purchase approximately 1.59 million ATSG common shares. The third tranche of warrants vested on September 8, 2020, and grants Amazon the right to purchase an additional 0.5 million ATSG common shares to bring Amazon’s ownership, after the exercise in full of the three tranches of warrants, to 19.9% of the Company’s pre-transaction outstanding common shares measured on a GAAP-diluted basis, adjusted for share issuances and repurchases by the Company following the date of the 2016 Investment Agreement and after giving effect to the warrants granted. The exercise price of the 14.9 million warrants issued under the 2016 Investment Agreement is $9.73 per share, which represents the closing price of ATSG’s common shares on February 9, 2016. Each of the three tranches of warrants are exercisable in accordance with its terms through March 8, 2021 (subject to extension if regulatory approvals, exemptions, authorizations, consents or clearances have not been obtained by such date).
In accordance with the 2016 Investment Agreement, on September 8, 2020, the final number of shares issuable under the third tranche of warrants was determined to be 0.5 million common shares. As a result, under US GAAP, the value of the entire grant was remeasured on September 8, 2020, and their fair value of $221 million was reclassified from balance sheet liabilities to paid-in-capital. This group of warrants for 14.9 million common shares of ATSG is fully vested and expires on March 8, 2021 (subject to extension if regulatory approvals, exemptions, authorizations, consents or clearances have not been obtained by such date). Amazon has the option to settle the warrants for cash of $145 million and receive all 14.9 million shares, or it may choose a cashless settlement option and receive a lesser number of shares equivalent in market value of the stock's appreciation above the exercise price.
On December 22, 2018 the Company announced agreements with Amazon to 1) lease and operate ten additional Boeing 767-300 aircraft for ASI, 2) extend the term of the 12 Boeing 767-200 aircraft currently leased to ASI by
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two years to 2023 with an option for three more years, 3) extend the term of the eight Boeing 767-300 aircraft currently leased to ASI by three years to 2026 and 2027 with an option for three more years and 4) extend the ATSA by five years through March 2026, with an option to extend for an additional three years. The Company leased all ten of the 767-300 aircraft in 2020.
In conjunction with the commitment for ten additional 767 aircraft leases, extensions of twenty existing Boeing 767 aircraft leases and the ATSA described above, Amazon and the Company entered into another Investment Agreement on December 20, 2018. Pursuant to the 2018 Investment Agreement, Amazon was issued warrants for 14.8 million common shares which could expand its potential ownership in the Company to approximately 33.2%, including the warrants described above for the 2016 agreements. In October 2020 upon the execution of the 10th aircraft lease, all the warrants for 14.8 million shares were vested. As a result, under US GAAP, the value of the entire grant was remeasured on October 1, 2020, and their fair value of $154 million was reclassified from balance sheet liabilities to paid-in-capital. This group of warrants will expire if not exercised within seven years from their issuance date (subject to extension if regulatory approvals, exemptions, authorizations, consents or clearances have not been obtained by such date). They have an exercise price of $21.53 per share. Amazon has the option to settle the warrants for cash of $319 million and receive all 14.8 million shares, or it may choose a cashless settlement option and receive a lesser number of shares by surrendering the number of shares with a market value equal to the exercise value.
On May 29, 2020, Amazon agreed to lease twelve more Boeing 767-300 aircraft from the Company. The first of these leases began in the second quarter of 2020 with the remaining eleven to be delivered in 2021. All twelve of these aircraft leases will be for ten year terms. Pursuant to the 2018 Investment Agreement, as a result of leasing 12 aircraft, Amazon was issued warrants for 7.0 million common shares of which 0.6 million common shares have vested. These warrants will expire if not exercised by December 20, 2025 (subject to extension if regulatory approvals, exemptions, authorizations, consents or clearances have not been obtained by such date). The exercise price of these warrants is $20.40 per share.
Issued and outstanding warrants are summarized below as of December 31, 2020:
| Common Shares in millions | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Exercise price | Vested | Non-Vested | Expiration | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2016 Investment Agreement | $9.73 | 14.9 | 0.0 | March 8, 2021 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2018 Investment Agreement | $21.53 | 14.8 | 0.0 | December 20, 2025 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2018 Investment Agreement | $20.40 | 0.6 | 6.4 | December 20, 2025 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Additionally, Amazon can earn incremental warrants rights up to 2.9 million common shares under the 2018 Investment Agreement by leasing up to five more cargo aircraft from the Company before January 2026. Incremental warrants granted for Amazon’s commitment to any such future aircraft leases will have an exercise price based on the volume-weighted average price of the Company's shares during the 30 trading days immediately preceding the contractual commitment for each lease.
Through the 2016 and 2018 Investment Agreements, Amazon can potentially own approximately 39.9% of the Company if all the issued and issuable warrants vest and are settled in full with cash. As a result, the outstanding shares of the Company's common stock would increase by approximately 39.6 million shares. For all warrants vested, Amazon may select a cashless conversion option. Assuming ATSG’s stock price at the time of conversion is above the warrant exercise price, Amazon would receive fewer shares in exchange for any warrants exercised under the cashless option by surrendering the number of shares with a market value equal to the exercise value.
The Company’s accounting for the warrants has been determined in accordance with the financial reporting guidance for financial instruments. Warrants classified as liabilities are marked to fair value at the end of each reporting period. The value of warrants is recorded as a customer incentive asset if it is probable of vesting at the time of grant and further changes in the fair value of warrant obligations are recorded to earnings. Upon a warrant vesting event, the customer incentive asset is amortized as a reduction of revenue over the duration of the related revenue contract.
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As of December 31, 2020, the Company's liabilities reflected warrants from the 2018 Amazon agreements having a fair value of $103.5 million. As of December 31, 2019, the Company's liabilities reflected warrants from the 2016 Amazon agreements and the 2018 Amazon agreements having a fair value of $383.1 million. During the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018 the re-measurements of warrants to fair value resulted in net non-operating losses of $95.5 million, $2.3 million and net gain of $7.4 million before the effect of income taxes, respectively.
The Company's earnings in future periods will be impacted by the re-measurements of warrant fair value, amortizations of the lease incentive asset and the related income tax effects. For income tax calculations, the value and timing of related tax deductions will differ from the guidance described above for financial reporting.
NOTE E—FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS
The Company’s money market funds and interest rate swaps are reported on the Company’s consolidated balance sheets at fair values based on market values from comparable transactions. The fair value of the Company’s money market funds, convertible note, convertible note hedges and interest rate swaps are based on observable inputs (Level 2) from comparable market transactions.
The fair value of the stock warrant obligations resulting from aircraft leased to Amazon were determined using a Black-Scholes pricing model which considers various assumptions, including the Company’s common stock price, the volatility of the Company’s common stock, the expected dividend yield, exercise price and the risk-free interest rate (Level 2 inputs). The fair value of the stock warrant obligations for unvested stock warrants, conditionally granted to Amazon for the execution of incremental, future aircraft leases, include additional assumptions including the expected exercise prices and the probabilities that future leases will occur (Level 3 inputs).
The following table reflects assets and liabilities that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis (in thousands):
| As of December 31, 2020 | Fair Value Measurement Using | Total | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Level 1 | Level 2 | Level 3 | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Assets | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Cash equivalents—money market | $ | — | $ | 20,389 | $ | — | $ | 20,389 | |||||||||||||||
| Total Assets | $ | — | $ | 20,389 | $ | — | $ | 20,389 | |||||||||||||||
| Liabilities | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Interest rate swap | $ | — | $ | (13,414) | $ | — | $ | (13,414) | |||||||||||||||
| Stock warrant obligations | — | (9,058) | (94,416) | (103,474) | |||||||||||||||||||
| Total Liabilities | $ | — | $ | (22,472) | $ | (94,416) | $ | (116,888) | |||||||||||||||
| As of December 31, 2019 | Fair Value Measurement Using | Total | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Level 1 | Level 2 | Level 3 | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Assets | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Cash equivalents—money market | $ | — | $ | 1,129 | $ | — | $ | 1,129 | |||||||||||||||
| Interest rate swap | — | 111 | — | 111 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Total Assets | $ | — | $ | 1,240 | $ | — | $ | 1,240 | |||||||||||||||
| Liabilities | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Interest rate swap | $ | — | $ | (8,237) | $ | — | $ | (8,237) | |||||||||||||||
| Stock warrant obligation | — | (340,767) | (42,306) | (383,073) | |||||||||||||||||||
| Total Liabilities | $ | — | $ | (349,004) | $ | (42,306) | $ | (391,310) | |||||||||||||||
At December 31, 2020, vested stock warrants from the 2018 Amazon agreements having an exercise price of $20.40 were valued at $15.49 each using a risk-free interest rate of 0.36% and a stock volatility of 40%, based on the time period corresponding with the expiration period of the warrants. At December 31, 2019, vested stock warrants
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from the 2016 Amazon agreements having an exercise price of $9.73 were valued at $13.93 each using a risk-free interest rate of 1.6% and a stock volatility of 35%, based on the time period corresponding with the expiration period of the warrants. At December 31, 2019, vested stock warrants from the 2018 Amazon agreements having an exercise price of $21.53 were valued at $9.30 each, using a risk-free interest rate of 1.8% and a stock volatility of 35.0%, based on the time period corresponding with the expiration period of the warrants. At December 31, 2020 and 2019, unvested stock warrants from the 2018 Amazon agreement were valued using additional assumptions for an expected grant date, expected exercise price, the risk free rate to the expected grant date and the probabilities that future leases will occur.
As a result of lower market interest rates compared to the stated interest rates of the Company’s fixed rate debt obligations, the fair value of the Company’s debt obligations, based on Level 2 observable inputs, was approximately $70.8 million more than the carrying value, which was $1,479.1 million at December 31, 2020. As of December 31, 2019, the fair value of the Company’s debt obligations was approximately $2.7 million less than the carrying value, which was $1,484.4 million. The non-financial assets, including goodwill, intangible assets and property and equipment are measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis.
NOTE F—PROPERTY AND EQUIPMENT
The Company's property and equipment consists primarily of cargo aircraft, aircraft engines and other flight equipment. Property and equipment, to be held and used, is summarized as follows (in thousands):
| December 31, 2020 | December 31, 2019 | ||||||||||
| Flight equipment | $ | 2,856,142 | $ | 2,598,113 | |||||||
| Ground equipment | 65,857 | 59,628 | |||||||||
| Leasehold improvements, facilities and office equipment | 36,193 | 33,649 | |||||||||
| Aircraft modifications and projects in progress | 231,451 | 220,827 | |||||||||
| 3,189,643 | 2,912,217 | ||||||||||
| Accumulated depreciation | (1,249,867) | (1,146,197) | |||||||||
| Property and equipment, net | $ | 1,939,776 | $ | 1,766,020 | |||||||
CAM owned aircraft with a carrying value of $1,097.6 million and $889.3 million that were under lease to external customers as of December 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively.
Aircraft and other long-lived assets are tested for impairment when circumstances indicate the carrying value of the assets may not be recoverable. To conduct impairment testing, the Company groups assets and liabilities at the lowest level for which identifiable cash flows are largely independent of cash flows of other assets and liabilities. For assets that are to be held and used, impairment is recognized when the estimated undiscounted cash flows associated with the asset group are less than the carrying value. If impairment exists, an adjustment is recorded to write the assets down to fair value, and a loss is recorded as the difference between the carrying value and fair value. Fair values are determined considering quoted market values, discounted cash flows or internal and external appraisals, as applicable. For assets held for sale, impairment is recognized when the fair value less the cost to sell the asset is less than the carrying value.
During the second quarter, the Company decided to retire its four Boeing 757 freighter aircraft as a result of customer preferences for other aircraft types. Three of the Boeing 757 freighter airframes have been removed from service and are available for sale. One remained in service through January 2021. The Pratt and Whitney engines that power these aircraft remain in use for lease to external customers. Separating the Boeing 757 freighters and engines while marketing the airframes, triggered a fair value assessment. As a result, an impairment charge totaling $39.1 million was recorded primarily to reflect the market value of these assets as well as other surplus engines and parts. Fair values were determined using Level 3 inputs based primarily on independent appraisals and recent market transactions as well as the Company’s assessment of existing market conditions based on industry knowledge.
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NOTE G—DEBT OBLIGATIONS
Debt obligations consisted of the following (in thousands):
| December 31, | December 31, | ||||||||||
| 2020 | 2019 | ||||||||||
| Unsubordinated term loans | $ | 612,169 | $ | 626,277 | |||||||
| Revolving credit facility | 140,000 | 632,900 | |||||||||
| Senior notes | 493,376 | — | |||||||||
| Convertible debt | 222,391 | 213,461 | |||||||||
| Other financing arrangements | 11,141 | 11,746 | |||||||||
| Total debt obligations | 1,479,077 | 1,484,384 | |||||||||
| Less: current portion | (13,746) | (14,707) | |||||||||
| Total long term obligations, net | $ | 1,465,331 | $ | 1,469,677 | |||||||
The Company utilizes a syndicated credit agreement ("Senior Credit Agreement") which includes unsubordinated term loans and a revolving credit facility. The Senior Credit Agreement has a maturity date of November 2024 provided certain liquidity measures are maintained during 2024 and has incremental accordion capacity based on debt ratios. The interest rate is a spread of LIBOR based financing at various ratios of the Company's debt to its earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization expenses ("EBITDA"). The maximum revolver capacity is $600.0 million. As of December 31, 2020, the unused revolving credit facility available to the Company at the trailing twelve month EBITDA level was $446.1 million, and additional permitted indebtedness under the Senior Credit Agreement subject to compliance with other covenants, was limited to $250.0 million.
On January 28, 2020, the Company, through a subsidiary, completed a debt offering of $500.0 million in senior unsecured notes (the “Senior Notes”). The Senior Notes were sold only to qualified institutional buyers in the United States pursuant to Rule 144A under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”), and certain investors pursuant to Regulation S under the Securities Act. The Senior Notes are senior unsecured obligations that bear interest at a rate of 4.75% per year, payable semiannually in arrears on February 1 and August 1 of each year, beginning on August 1, 2020. The Senior Notes will mature on February 1, 2028. The Senior Notes contain customary events of default and certain covenants which are generally no more restrictive than those set forth in the Senior Credit Agreement. The net proceeds of $495.0 million from the Senior Notes were used to pay down the revolving credit facility. The Senior Notes did not require principal payments in 2020.
The balance of the unsubordinated term loan is net of debt issuance costs of $7.0 million and $8.7 million for the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively. The balance of the Senior Notes is net of debt issuance costs of $6.6 million as of December 31, 2020. Under the terms of the Senior Credit Agreement, interest rates are adjusted at least quarterly based on the Company's EBITDA, its outstanding debt level and prevailing LIBOR or prime rates. At the Company's current debt-to-EBITDA ratio, the LIBOR based financing for the unsubordinated term loan and revolving credit facility bear variable interest rates of 1.4% and 1.4%, respectively. The Senior Notes bear a fixed rate of 4.75%.
The Senior Credit Agreement is collateralized by certain of the Company's Boeing 777, 767 and 757 aircraft. Under the terms of the Senior Credit Agreement, the Company is required to maintain collateral coverage equal to 115% of the outstanding balance of the term loan and the total funded revolving credit facility. The minimum collateral coverage which must be maintained is 50% of the outstanding balance of the term loan plus the revolving credit facility commitment of $600.0 million.
The Senior Credit Agreement limits the amount of dividends the Company can pay and the amount of common stock it can repurchase to $100.0 million during any calendar year, provided the Company's total debt to EBITDA ratio is under 3.50 times and the secured debt to EBITDA ratio is under 3.1 times, after giving effect to the dividend or repurchase. The Senior Credit Agreement contains covenants, including a maximum permitted total EBITDA to debt ratio, a fixed charge covenant ratio requirement, limitations on certain additional indebtedness, and on guarantees of indebtedness. The Senior Credit Agreement stipulates events of default, including unspecified events
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that may have material adverse effects on the Company. If an event of default occurs, the Company may be forced to repay, renegotiate or replace the Senior Credit Agreement.
In September 2017, the Company issued $258.8 million aggregate principal amount of 1.125% Convertible Senior Notes due 2024 (" Convertible Notes") in a private offering to qualified institutional buyers pursuant to Rule 144A under the Securities Act. The Convertible Notes bear interest at a rate of 1.125% per year payable semi-annually in arrears on April 15 and October 15 each year, beginning April 15, 2018. The Convertible Notes mature on October 15, 2024, unless repurchased or converted in accordance with their terms prior to such date. The Convertible Notes are unsecured indebtedness, subordinated to the Company's existing and future secured indebtedness and other liabilities, including trade payables. Conversion of the Convertible Notes can only occur upon satisfaction of certain conditions and during certain periods, beginning any calendar quarter commencing after December 31, 2017 and thereafter, until the close of business on the second scheduled trading day immediately preceding the maturity date. Upon the occurrence of certain fundamental changes, holders of the Convertible Notes can require the Company to repurchase their notes at the cash repurchase price equal to the principal amount of the notes, plus any accrued and unpaid interest.
The Convertible Notes may be settled in cash, the Company’s common shares or a combination of cash and the Company’s common shares, at the Company’s election. The initial conversion rate is 31.3475 common shares per $1,000 principal amount of Convertible Notes (equivalent to an initial conversion price of approximately $31.90 per common share). If a “make-whole fundamental change” (as defined in the offering circular with the Convertible Notes) occurs, the Company will, in certain circumstances, increase the conversion rate for a specified period of time.
In conjunction with the Convertible Notes, the Company purchased convertible note hedges under privately negotiated transactions for $56.1 million, having the same number of the Company's common shares, 8.1 million shares and same strike price of $31.90, that underlie the Convertible Notes. The convertible note hedges are expected to reduce the potential equity dilution with respect to the Company's common stock, and/or offset any cash payments in excess of the principal amount due, as the case may be, upon conversion of the Convertible Notes. The Company's current intent and policy is to settle all Note conversions through a combination settlement which satisfies the principal amount of the Convertible Notes outstanding with cash. The Convertible Notes could have a dilutive effect on the computation of earnings per share in accordance with accounting principles to the extent that the average traded market price of the Company’s common shares for a reporting period exceeds the conversion price.
The conversion feature of the Convertible Notes required bifurcation from the principal amount under the applicable accounting guidance. Settlement provisions of the Convertible Notes and the convertible note hedges required cash settlement of these instruments until the Company's shareholders increased the number of authorized shares of common stock to cover the full number of shares underlying the Convertible Notes. As a result, the conversion feature of the Convertible Notes and the convertible note hedges were initially accounted for as liabilities and assets, respectively, and marked to market at the end of each period. The fair value of the note conversion obligation at issuance was $57.4 million.
On May 10, 2018, the Company's shareholders increased the number of authorized shares of common stock to cover the full number of shares underlying the Convertible Notes. The Company reevaluated the Convertible Notes and convertible note hedges under the applicable accounting guidance including ASC 815, "Derivatives and Hedging," and determined that the instruments, which meet the definition of derivative and are indexed to the Company's own stock, should be classified in shareholder's equity. On May 10, 2018, the fair value of the conversion feature of the Convertible Notes and the convertible note hedges of $51.3 million and $50.6 million, respectively, were reclassified to paid-in capital and are no longer remeasured to fair value.
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The net proceeds from the issuance of the Convertible Notes was approximately $252.3 million, after deducting initial issuance costs. These unamortized issuance costs and discount are being amortized to interest expense through October 2024, using an effective interest rate of approximately 5.15%. The carrying value of the Company's convertible debt is shown below.
| December 31, | December 31, | |||||||||||||
| 2020 | 2019 | |||||||||||||
| Principal value, Convertible Senior Notes, due 2024 | 258,750 | 258,750 | ||||||||||||
| Unamortized issuance costs | (3,894) | (4,864) | ||||||||||||
| Unamortized discount | (32,465) | (40,425) | ||||||||||||
| Convertible debt | 222,391 | 213,461 | ||||||||||||
In conjunction with the offering of the Convertible Notes, the Company also sold warrants to the convertible note hedge counterparties in separate, privately negotiated warrant transactions at a higher strike price and for the same number of the Company’s common shares, subject to customary anti-dilution adjustments. The amount received for these warrants and recorded in Stockholders' Equity in the Company’s consolidated balance sheets was $38.5 million. These warrants could result in 8.1 million additional shares of the Company's common stock, if the Company's traded market price exceeds the strike price which is $41.35 per share and is subject to certain adjustments under the terms of the warrant transactions. The warrants could have a dilutive effect on the computation of earnings per share to the extent that the average traded market price of the Company's common shares for a reporting periods exceed the strike price.
The scheduled cash principal payments for the Company's debt obligations, as of December 31, 2020, for the next five years are as follows (in thousands):
| Principal Payments | |||||
| 2021 | $ | 16,491 | |||
| 2022 | 32,378 | ||||
| 2023 | 32,389 | ||||
| 2024 | 939,150 | ||||
| 2025 | 661 | ||||
| 2026 and beyond | 507,947 | ||||
| Total principal cash payments | 1,529,016 | ||||
| Less: unamortized issuance costs and discounts | (49,939) | ||||
| Total debt obligations | $ | 1,479,077 | |||
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NOTE H—DERIVATIVE INSTRUMENTS
The Company's Senior Credit Agreement requires the Company to maintain derivative instruments for protection from fluctuating interest rates, for at least twenty-five percent of the outstanding balance of the term loan issued in November 2018. Accordingly, the Company entered into additional interest rate swaps in December 2018 and January 2019 having initial values of $150.0 million and $150.0 million, respectively, and forward start dates of December 31, 2018 and June 28, 2019. The table below provides information about the Company’s interest rate swaps (in thousands):
| December 31, 2020 | December 31, 2019 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Expiration Date | Stated Interest Rate | Notional Amount | Market Value (Liability) | Notional Amount | Market Value (Liability) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| May 5, 2021 | 1.090 | % | 13,125 | (41) | 20,625 | 111 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| May 30, 2021 | 1.703 | % | 13,125 | (80) | 20,625 | (25) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| December 31, 2021 | 2.706 | % | 138,750 | (3,551) | 146,250 | (3,242) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| March 31, 2022 | 1.900 | % | 50,000 | (1,116) | 50,000 | (408) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| March 31, 2022 | 1.950 | % | 75,000 | (1,722) | 75,000 | (696) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| March 31, 2023 | 2.425 | % | 140,625 | (6,904) | 148,125 | (3,866) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
The outstanding interest rate swaps are not designated as hedges for accounting purposes. The effects of future fluctuations in LIBOR interest rates on derivatives held by the Company will result in the recording of unrealized gains and losses into the statement of operations. The Company recorded a net loss on derivatives of $5.3 million,$10.0 million and $8.0 thousand for the years ending December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018, respectively. The liability for outstanding derivatives is recorded in other liabilities and in accrued expenses.
The Company recorded a net loss before the effects of income taxes of $0.1 million during the year ended December 31, 2018 for the revaluation of the convertible note hedges and the note conversion obligations to fair value before these instruments were reclassified to paid-in-capital.
NOTE I—COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES
CARES Act and Payroll Support Program Extension
During 2020, two of the Company's airline subsidiaries, OAI and ATI, received government funds totaling $75.8 million pursuant to payroll support program agreements under the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act (“CARES Act”). The grants are not required to be repaid if the Company complies with provisions of the CARES Act and the payroll support program agreements. The grants are recognized over the periods in which the Company recognizes the related expenses for which the grants are intended to compensate. The Company recognizes the grants as contra-expense during the periods in which passenger flight operations and combi flight operations levels are expected to be negatively impacted by the pandemic. During the year ended December 31, 2020, the Company recognized $47.2 million of the grants and deferred recognition of $28.5 million. The Company expects to recognize all of the CARES Act funds by June of 2021.
In February 2021, OAI was approved for $37.4 million of additional non-repayable government funds pursuant to a payroll support program agreement under Subtitle A of Title IV of Division N of the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2021 (the “PSP Extension Law”). The grants are not required to be repaid if the Company complies with provisions of the PSP Extension Law and the payroll support program agreements. OAI has received $18.7 million and expects the remainder to be received by March 31, 2021.
In conjunction with the payroll support program agreements, the airlines agreed to refrain from conducting involuntary furloughs or reducing employee rates of pay or benefits through September 30, 2020. OAI further agreed to refrain from conducting involuntary furloughs or reducing employee rates of pay or benefits through March 31, 2021. The airlines agreed to limit, on behalf of themselves and certain of their affiliates, executive compensation through March 24, 2022; maintain certain air transportation service through March 1, 2022 as may be
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required by the U.S. Department of Transportation pursuant to its authority under the CARES Act; and maintain certain internal controls and records relating to the funds and comply with certain reporting requirements. OAI further agreed to limit, on behalf of themselves and certain of their affiliates, executive compensation through October 1, 2022. In addition, the Company may not pay dividends or repurchase its shares through March 31, 2022.
Lease Commitments
The Company leases property, six aircraft, aircraft engines and other types of equipment under operating leases. Property leases include hangars, warehouses, offices and other space at certain airports with fixed rent payments and lease terms ranging from one month to six years. The Company is obligated to pay the lessor for maintenance, real estate taxes, insurance and other operating expenses on certain property leases. These expenses are variable and are not included in the measurement of the lease asset or lease liability. These expenses are recognized as variable lease expense when incurred and are not material. Equipment leases include ground support and industrial equipment as well as computer hardware with fixed rent payments and terms of one month to five years.
The Company records the initial right-to-use asset and lease liability at the present value of lease payments scheduled during the lease term. For the year ended December 31, 2020 and 2019, non-cash transactions to recognize right-to-use assets and corresponding liabilities for new leases were $46.5 million and $17.0 million, respectively. Unless the rate implicit in the lease is readily determinable, the Company discounts the lease payments using an estimated incremental borrowing rate at the time of lease commencement. The Company estimates the incremental borrowing rate based on the information available at the lease commencement date, including the rate the Company could borrow for a similar amount, over a similar lease term with similar collateral. The Company's weighted-average discount rate for operating leases at December 31, 2020 and 2019 was 2.9% and 4.7%, respectively. Leases often include rental escalation clauses, renewal options and/or termination options that are factored into the determination of lease payments when appropriate. Although not material, the amount of such options is reflected below in the maturity of operating lease liabilities table. Lease expense is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term. Our weighted-average remaining lease term is 4.5 years and 4.6 years as of December 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively.
For the year ended December 31, 2020 and 2019, cash payments against operating lease liabilities were $17.3 million and $19.7 million, respectively. As of December 31, 2020, the maturities of operating lease liabilities are as follows (in thousands):
| Operating Leases | ||||||||
| 2021 | $ | 19,460 | ||||||
| 2022 | 15,183 | |||||||
| 2023 | 13,941 | |||||||
| 2024 | 12,637 | |||||||
| 2025 | 8,691 | |||||||
| 2026 and beyond | 3,348 | |||||||
| Total undiscounted cash payments | 73,260 | |||||||
| Less: amount representing interest | (4,348) | |||||||
| Present value of future minimum lease payments | 68,912 | |||||||
| Less: current obligations under leases | 17,784 | |||||||
| Long-term lease obligation | $ | 51,128 | ||||||
Purchase Commitments
The Company has agreements with Israel Aerospace Industries Ltd. ("IAI") for the conversion of Boeing 767 passenger aircraft into a standard configured freighter aircraft. The conversions primarily consist of the installation of a standard cargo door and loading system. As of December 31, 2020, the Company had eight aircraft that were in or awaiting the modification process. As of December 31, 2020, the Company had placed non-refundable deposits of $19.9 million to purchase five more Boeing 767-300 passenger aircraft through 2021. As of December 31, 2020, the Company's commitments to acquire and convert aircraft totaled $195.4 million through 2022.
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Guarantees and Indemnifications
Certain leases and agreements of the Company contain guarantees and indemnification obligations to the lessor, or one or more other parties that are considered reasonable and customary (e.g. use, tax and environmental indemnifications), the terms of which range in duration and are often limited. Such indemnification obligations may continue after expiration of the respective lease or agreement.
Other
In addition to the foregoing matters, the Company is also a party to legal proceedings in various federal and state jurisdictions from time to time arising out of the operation of the Company's business. The amount of alleged liability, if any, from these proceedings cannot be determined with certainty; however, the Company believes that its ultimate liability, if any, arising from pending legal proceedings, as well as from asserted legal claims and known potential legal claims which are probable of assertion, taking into account established accruals for estimated liabilities, should not be material to our financial condition or results of operations.
Employees Under Collective Bargaining Agreements
As of December 31, 2020, the flight crewmember employees of ABX, ATI and Omni and flight attendant employees of ATI and Omni were represented by the labor unions listed below:
| Airline | Labor Agreement Unit | Percentage of the Company’s Employees | ||||||
| ABX | International Brotherhood of Teamsters | 4.4% | ||||||
| ATI | Air Line Pilots Association | 8.2% | ||||||
| OAI | International Brotherhood of Teamsters | 6.6% | ||||||
| ATI | Association of Flight Attendants | 0.7% | ||||||
| OAI | Association of Flight Attendants | 6.9% | ||||||
NOTE J—PENSION AND OTHER POST-RETIREMENT BENEFIT PLANS
Defined Benefit and Post-retirement Healthcare Plans
ABX sponsors a qualified defined benefit pension plan for ABX crewmembers and a qualified defined benefit pension plan for a major portion of its other ABX employees that meet minimum eligibility requirements. ABX also sponsors non-qualified defined benefit pension plans for certain employees. These non-qualified plans are unfunded. Employees are no longer accruing benefits under any of the defined benefit pension plans. ABX also sponsors a post-retirement healthcare plan for its ABX crewmembers, which is unfunded. Benefits for covered individuals terminate upon reaching age 65 under the post-retirement healthcare plans.
The accounting and valuation for these post-retirement obligations are determined by prescribed accounting and actuarial methods that consider a number of assumptions and estimates. The selection of appropriate assumptions and estimates is significant due to the long time period over which benefits will be accrued and paid. The long term nature of these benefit payouts increases the sensitivity of certain estimates of our post-retirement obligations. The assumptions considered most sensitive in actuarially valuing ABX’s pension obligations and determining related expense amounts are discount rates and expected long term investment returns on plan assets. Additionally, other assumptions concerning retirement ages, mortality and employee turnover also affect the valuations. Actual results and future changes in these assumptions could result in future costs significantly higher than those recorded in our results of operations.
ABX measures plan assets and benefit obligations as of December 31 of each year. Information regarding ABX’s sponsored defined benefit pension plans and post-retirement healthcare plans follow below. The accumulated benefit obligation reflects pension benefit obligations based on the actual earnings and service to-date of current employees.
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Funded Status (in thousands):
| Pension Plans | Post-retirement Healthcare Plans | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2020 | 2019 | 2020 | 2019 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Accumulated benefit obligation | $ | 873,826 | $ | 779,031 | $ | 3,484 | $ | 3,707 | |||||||||||||||
| Change in benefit obligation | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Obligation as of January 1 | $ | 779,031 | $ | 690,729 | $ | 3,707 | $ | 3,824 | |||||||||||||||
| Service cost | — | — | 139 | 107 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Interest cost | 27,880 | 31,299 | 91 | 148 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Plan transfers | 2,895 | 3,313 | — | — | |||||||||||||||||||
| Benefits paid | (34,218) | (31,718) | (362) | (365) | |||||||||||||||||||
| Curtailments and settlement | (2,435) | — | (17) | — | |||||||||||||||||||
| Actuarial (gain) loss | 100,673 | 85,408 | (74) | (7) | |||||||||||||||||||
| Obligation as of December 31 | $ | 873,826 | $ | 779,031 | $ | 3,484 | $ | 3,707 | |||||||||||||||
| Change in plan assets | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fair value as of January 1 | $ | 746,763 | $ | 625,646 | $ | — | $ | — | |||||||||||||||
| Actual gain (loss) on plan assets | 120,057 | 144,108 | — | — | |||||||||||||||||||
| Plan transfers | 2,895 | 3,313 | — | — | |||||||||||||||||||
| Employer contributions | 10,833 | 5,414 | 362 | 365 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Benefits paid | (34,218) | (31,718) | (362) | (365) | |||||||||||||||||||
| Settlement payments | $ | (2,435) | $ | — | $ | — | $ | — | |||||||||||||||
| Fair value as of December 31 | $ | 843,895 | $ | 746,763 | $ | — | $ | — | |||||||||||||||
| Funded status | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Overfunded plans, net asset | $ | 3,447 | $ | 4,996 | $ | — | $ | — | |||||||||||||||
| Underfunded plans | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Current liabilities | $ | (1,348) | $ | (3,796) | $ | (415) | $ | (431) | |||||||||||||||
| Non-current liabilities | $ | (32,030) | $ | (33,468) | $ | (3,069) | $ | (3,276) | |||||||||||||||
Components of Net Periodic Benefit Cost
ABX’s net periodic benefit costs for its defined benefit pension plans and post-retirement healthcare plans for the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018, are as follows (in thousands):
| Pension Plans | Post-Retirement Healthcare Plan | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2020 | 2019 | 2018 | 2020 | 2019 | 2018 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Service cost | $ | — | $ | — | $ | — | $ | 139 | $ | 107 | 123 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Interest cost | 27,880 | 31,299 | 29,135 | 91 | 148 | 127 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Expected return on plan assets | (44,673) | (37,907) | (42,093) | — | — | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Curtailments and settlements | (424) | — | — | (17) | — | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Amortization of prior service cost | — | — | — | — | — | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Amortization of net (gain) loss | 3,763 | 15,528 | 3,547 | 124 | 172 | 219 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net periodic benefit cost (income) | $ | (13,454) | $ | 8,920 | $ | (9,411) | $ | 337 | $ | 427 | $ | 469 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
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Unrecognized Net Periodic Benefit Expense
The pre-tax amounts in accumulated other comprehensive loss that have not yet been recognized as components of net periodic benefit expense at December 31 are as follows (in thousands):
| Pension Plans | Post-Retirement Healthcare Plans | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2020 | 2019 | 2020 | 2019 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Unrecognized prior service cost | $ | — | $ | — | $ | — | $ | — | |||||||||||||||
| Unrecognized net actuarial loss | 111,820 | 89,871 | 833 | 1,031 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Accumulated other comprehensive loss | $ | 111,820 | $ | 89,871 | $ | 833 | $ | 1,031 | |||||||||||||||
The amounts of unrecognized net actuarial loss recorded in accumulated other comprehensive loss that is expected to be recognized as components of net periodic benefit expense during 2021 is $7.1 million and $0.2 million for the pension plans and the post-retirement healthcare plans, respectively.
Assumptions
Assumptions used in determining the funded status of ABX’s pension plans at December 31 were as follows:
| Pension Plans | |||||||||||||||||
| 2020 | 2019 | 2018 | |||||||||||||||
| Discount rate - crewmembers | 2.55% | 3.65% | 4.65% | ||||||||||||||
| Discount rate - non-crewmembers | 2.75% | 3.70% | 4.65% | ||||||||||||||
| Expected return on plan assets | 5.75% | 6.10% | 6.20% | ||||||||||||||
Net periodic benefit cost was based on the discount rate assumptions at the end of the previous year.
The discount rate used to determine post-retirement healthcare obligations was 1.30%, 2.60% and 4.10% for pilots at December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018, respectively. Post-retirement healthcare plan obligations have not been funded. The Company's retiree healthcare contributions have been fixed for each participant, accordingly, healthcare cost trend rates do not affect the post-retirement healthcare obligations.
Plan Assets
The weighted-average asset allocations by asset category are as shown below:
| Composition of Plan Assets as of December 31 | |||||||||||
| Asset category | 2020 | 2019 | |||||||||
| Cash | 1 | % | — | % | |||||||
| Equity securities | 30 | % | 26 | % | |||||||
| Fixed income securities | 69 | % | 74 | % | |||||||
| 100 | % | 100 | % | ||||||||
ABX uses an investment management firm to advise it in developing and executing an investment policy. The portfolio is managed with consideration for diversification, quality and marketability. The investment policy permits the following ranges of asset allocation: equities – 15% to 35%; fixed income securities – 60% to 80%; cash – 0% to 10%. Except for U.S. Treasuries, no more than 10% of the fixed income portfolio and no more than 5% of the equity portfolio can be invested in securities of any single issuer.
The overall expected long term rate of return was developed using various market assumptions in conjunction with the plans’ targeted asset allocation. The assumptions were based on historical market returns.
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Cash Flows
In 2020 and 2019, the Company made contributions to its defined benefit plans of $10.8 million and $5.4 million, respectively. The Company estimates that its contributions in 2021 will be approximately $1.7 million for its defined benefit pension plans and $0.4 million for its post-retirement healthcare plans.
The following benefit payments, which reflect expected future service, as appropriate, are expected to be paid out of the respective plans as follows (in thousands):
| Pension Benefits | Post-retirement Healthcare Benefits | ||||||||||
| 2021 | $ | 38,035 | $ | 415 | |||||||
| 2022 | 41,229 | 462 | |||||||||
| 2023 | 43,907 | 512 | |||||||||
| 2024 | 45,804 | 499 | |||||||||
| 2025 | 47,565 | 467 | |||||||||
| Years 2026 to 2030 | 242,354 | 1,390 | |||||||||
Fair Value Measurements
The pension plan assets are stated at fair value. The following is a description of the valuation methodologies used for the investments measured at fair value, including the general classification of such instruments pursuant to the valuation hierarchy.
Common Trust Funds—Common trust funds are composed of shares or units in non-publicly traded funds whereby the underlying assets in these funds (cash, cash equivalents, fixed income securities and equity securities) are publicly traded on exchanges and price quotes for the assets held by these funds are readily available. Holdings of common trust funds are classified as Level 2 investments.
Corporate Stock—This investment category consists of common and preferred stock issued by domestic and international corporations that are regularly traded on exchanges and price quotes for these shares are readily available. These investments are classified as Level 1 investments.
Mutual Funds—Investments in this category include shares in registered mutual funds, unit trust and commingled funds. These funds consist of domestic equity, international equity and fixed income strategies. Investments in this category that are publicly traded on an exchange and have a share price published at the close of each business day are classified as Level 1 investments and holdings in the other mutual funds are classified as Level 2 investments.
Fixed Income Investments—Securities in this category consist of U.S. Government or Agency securities, state and local government securities, corporate fixed income securities or pooled fixed income securities. Securities in this category that are valued utilizing published prices at the close of each business day are classified as Level 1 investments. Those investments valued by bid data prices provided by independent pricing sources are classified as Level 2 investments.
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The pension plan assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis were as follows (in thousands):
| As of December 31, 2020 | Fair Value Measurement Using | Total | |||||||||||||||
| Level 1 | Level 2 | ||||||||||||||||
| Plan assets | |||||||||||||||||
| Common trust funds | $ | — | $ | 5,055 | $ | 5,055 | |||||||||||
| Corporate stock | 19,852 | 501 | 20,353 | ||||||||||||||
| Mutual funds | — | 237,063 | 237,063 | ||||||||||||||
| Fixed income investments | 545 | 580,476 | 581,021 | ||||||||||||||
| Benefit Plan Assets | $ | 20,397 | $ | 823,095 | $ | 843,492 | |||||||||||
| Investments measured at net asset value ("NAV") | 403 | ||||||||||||||||
| Total benefit plan assets | $ | 843,895 | |||||||||||||||
| As of December 31, 2019 | Fair Value Measurement Using | Total | |||||||||||||||
| Level 1 | Level 2 | ||||||||||||||||
| Plan assets | |||||||||||||||||
| Common trust funds | $ | — | $ | 3,467 | $ | 3,467 | |||||||||||
| Corporate stock | 14,553 | 442 | 14,995 | ||||||||||||||
| Mutual funds | 59,710 | 117,067 | 176,777 | ||||||||||||||
| Fixed income investments | — | 549,441 | 549,441 | ||||||||||||||
| Benefit Plan Assets | $ | 74,263 | $ | 670,417 | $ | 744,680 | |||||||||||
| Investments measured at net asset value ("NAV") | 2,083 | ||||||||||||||||
| Total benefit plan assets | $ | 746,763 | |||||||||||||||
Investments that were measured at NAV per share (or its equivalent) as a practical expedient have not been classified in the fair value hierarchy. These investments include hedge funds, private equity and real estate funds. Management’s estimates are based on information provided by the fund managers or general partners of those funds.
Hedge Funds and Private Equity—These investments are not readily tradable and have valuations that are not based on readily observable data inputs. The fair value of these assets is estimated based on information provided by the fund managers or the general partners. These assets have been valued using NAV as a practical expedient.
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The following table presents investments measured at fair value based on NAV per share as a practical expedient:
| Fair Value | Redemption Frequency | Redemption Notice Period | Unfunded Commitments | ||||||||||||||||||||
| As of December 31, 2020 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Hedge Funds & Private Equity | $ | 403 | (1) (2) | 90 days | $ | — | |||||||||||||||||
| Real Estate | — | (3) | 90 days | — | |||||||||||||||||||
| Total investments measured at NAV | $ | 403 | $ | — | |||||||||||||||||||
| As of December 31, 2019 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Hedge Funds & Private Equity | $ | 2,083 | (1) (2) | 90 days | $ | — | |||||||||||||||||
| Real Estate | — | (3) | 90 days | — | |||||||||||||||||||
| Total investments measured at NAV | $ | 2,083 | $ | — | |||||||||||||||||||
(1) Quarterly - hedge funds
(2) None - private equity
(3) Monthly
Defined Contribution Plans
The Company sponsors defined contribution capital accumulation plans (401k) that are funded by both voluntary employee salary deferrals and by employer contributions. Expenses for defined contribution retirement plans were $15.4 million, $12.6 million and $9.0 million for the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018, respectively.
NOTE K—INCOME TAXES
The Company's deferred income taxes reflect the value of its net operating loss carryforwards and the tax effects of temporary differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities for financial reporting purposes and their amounts used for income tax calculations.
At December 31, 2020, the Company had cumulative net operating loss carryforwards (“NOL CFs”) for federal income tax purposes of approximately $316.5 million, which do not expire but whose use may be limited to 80% of taxable income in any given year. The deferred tax asset balance includes $3.8 million net of a $0.3 million valuation allowance related to state NOL CFs, which have remaining lives ranging from one to twenty years. These NOL CFs are attributable to excess tax deductions related primarily to the accelerated tax depreciation of fixed assets, the timing of amortization related to Amazon warrants and cash contributions for its benefit plans. At December 31, 2020 and 2019, the Company determined that, based upon projections of taxable income, it was more likely than not that the Federal NOL CF’s will be utilized, accordingly, no allowance against these deferred tax assets was recorded. The Company had alternative minimum tax credits of $3.1 million which were recovered in 2020.
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The significant components of the deferred income tax assets and liabilities as of December 31, 2020 and 2019 are as follows (in thousands):
| December 31 | |||||||||||
| 2020 | 2019 | ||||||||||
| Deferred tax assets: | |||||||||||
| Net operating loss carryforward and federal credits | $ | 71,762 | $ | 40,467 | |||||||
| Operating lease obligation | 14,472 | 9,070 | |||||||||
| Warrants | 33,940 | 17,174 | |||||||||
| Post-retirement employee benefits | 7,140 | 6,355 | |||||||||
| Employee benefits other than post-retirement | 8,545 | 9,435 | |||||||||
| Inventory reserve | 2,288 | 2,055 | |||||||||
| Deferred revenue | 12,608 | 5,132 | |||||||||
| Other | 9,366 | 9,309 | |||||||||
| Deferred tax assets | 160,121 | 98,997 | |||||||||
| Deferred tax liabilities: | |||||||||||
| Accelerated depreciation | (257,765) | (192,651) | |||||||||
| Partnership items | (6,044) | (6,088) | |||||||||
| Operating lease assets | (14,264) | (9,051) | |||||||||
| Goodwill | (9,877) | (4,916) | |||||||||
| State taxes | (11,143) | (12,355) | |||||||||
| Valuation allowance against deferred tax assets | (2,293) | (1,412) | |||||||||
| Deferred tax liabilities | (301,386) | (226,473) | |||||||||
| Net deferred tax (liability) | $ | (141,265) | $ | (127,476) | |||||||
The following summarizes the Company’s income tax provisions (benefits) (in thousands):
| Years Ended December 31 | |||||||||||||||||
| 2020 | 2019 | 2018 | |||||||||||||||
| Current taxes: | |||||||||||||||||
| Federal | $ | (1,332) | $ | 1,332 | $ | — | |||||||||||
| Foreign | — | 1 | — | ||||||||||||||
| State | 1,235 | 138 | 1,043 | ||||||||||||||
| Deferred taxes: | |||||||||||||||||
| Federal | 19,701 | 14,155 | 15,642 | ||||||||||||||
| Foreign | — | — | (63) | ||||||||||||||
| State | (1,209) | (3,677) | 2,973 | ||||||||||||||
| Change in federal statutory tax rates | — | — | — | ||||||||||||||
| Total deferred tax expense | 18,492 | 10,478 | 18,552 | ||||||||||||||
| Total income tax expense (benefit) from continuing operations | $ | 16,314 | $ | 11,589 | $ | 19,595 | |||||||||||
| Income tax expense (benefit) from discontinued operations | $ | 2,081 | $ | 360 | $ | 434 | |||||||||||
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The reconciliation of income tax from continuing operations computed at the U.S. statutory federal income tax rates to effective income tax rates is as follows:
| Years Ended December 31 | |||||||||||||||||
| 2020 | 2019 | 2018 | |||||||||||||||
| Statutory federal tax rate | 21.0 | % | 21.0 | % | 21.0 | % | |||||||||||
| Foreign income taxes | — | % | — | % | (0.1) | % | |||||||||||
| State income taxes, net of federal tax benefit | 5.1 | % | 1.4 | % | (0.2) | % | |||||||||||
| Tax effect of non-deductible warrant expense | 16.6 | % | (2.9) | % | (1.5) | % | |||||||||||
| Tax effect of stock compensation | — | % | — | % | (0.8) | % | |||||||||||
| Tax effect of other non-deductible expenses | 3.2 | % | 1.7 | % | 0.8 | % | |||||||||||
| Change to state statutory tax rates | (5.4) | % | (5.4) | % | 3.8 | % | |||||||||||
| Other | (1.1) | % | 0.4 | % | (0.6) | % | |||||||||||
| Effective income tax rate | 39.4 | % | 16.2 | % | 22.4 | % | |||||||||||
The income tax deductibility of the warrant expense is less than the expense required by GAAP because for tax purposes, the warrants are valued at a different time and under a different valuation method.
The reconciliation of income tax from discontinued operations computed at the U.S. statutory federal income tax rates to effective income tax rates is as follows:
| Years Ended December 31 | |||||||||||||||||
| 2020 | 2019 | 2018 | |||||||||||||||
| Statutory federal tax rate | 21.0 | % | 21.0 | % | 21.0 | % | |||||||||||
| State income taxes, net of federal tax benefit | 1.8 | % | 1.8 | % | 2.6 | % | |||||||||||
| Change in federal statutory tax rates | — | % | — | % | — | % | |||||||||||
| Effective income tax rate | 22.8 | % | 22.8 | % | 23.6 | % | |||||||||||
The Company files income tax returns in the U.S. federal jurisdiction and various international, state and local jurisdictions. The returns may be subject to audit by the Internal Revenue Service (“IRS”) and other jurisdictional authorities. International returns consist primarily of disclosure returns where the Company is covered by the sourcing rules of U.S. international treaties. The Company recognizes the impact of an uncertain income tax position in the financial statements if that position is more likely than not of being sustained on audit, based on the technical merits of the position. At December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018, the Company's unrecognized tax benefits were $0.0 million, $0.0 million and $0.0 million respectively. Accrued interest and penalties on tax positions are recorded as a component of interest expense. Interest and penalties expense was immaterial for 2020, 2019 and 2018.
The Company began to file, effective in 2008, federal tax returns under a common parent of the consolidated group that includes ABX and all the wholly-owned subsidiaries. The returns for 2019, 2018 and 2017 related to the consolidated group remain open to examination. The consolidated federal tax returns prior to 2017 remain open to federal examination only to the extent of net operating loss carryforwards carried over from or utilized in those years. Pemco and Omni filed returns on their own behalf prior to their acquisition by the Company. State and local returns filed for 2005 through 2019 are generally also open to examination by their respective jurisdictions, either in full or limited to net operating losses. The Company files tax returns with the Republic of Ireland for its leasing operations based in Ireland.
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NOTE L—ACCUMULATED OTHER COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS)
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) includes the following items by components for the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018 (in thousands):
| Defined Benefit Pension | Defined Benefit Post-Retirement | Foreign Currency Translation | Total | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance as of January 1, 2018 | (60,575) | (1,097) | (1,348) | (63,020) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Actuarial gain (loss) for retiree liabilities | (41,051) | 117 | — | (40,934) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Foreign currency translation adjustment | — | — | (171) | (171) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Actuarial costs (reclassified to salaries, wages and benefits) | 3,547 | 219 | — | 3,766 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Income Tax (Expense) or Benefit | 9,037 | (80) | 40 | 8,997 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax | (28,467) | 256 | (131) | (28,342) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance as of December 31, 2018 | (89,042) | (841) | (1,479) | (91,362) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Actuarial gain (loss) for retiree liabilities | 20,793 | 7 | — | 20,800 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Foreign currency translation adjustment | — | — | (18) | (18) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Foreign currency loss | — | — | 2,253 | 2,253 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Actuarial costs (reclassified to salaries, wages and benefits) | 15,528 | 172 | — | 15,700 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Income Tax (Expense) or Benefit | (8,431) | (40) | (768) | (9,239) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax | 27,890 | 139 | 1,467 | 29,496 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance as of December 31, 2019 | (61,152) | (702) | (12) | (61,866) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Actuarial gain (loss) for retiree liabilities | (25,712) | 74 | — | (25,638) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Foreign currency translation adjustment | — | — | (2) | (2) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Actuarial costs (reclassified to salaries, wages and benefits) | 3,763 | 124 | — | 3,887 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Income Tax (Expense) or Benefit | 5,008 | (45) | — | 4,963 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax | (16,941) | 153 | (2) | (16,790) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance as of December 31, 2020 | (78,093) | (549) | (14) | (78,656) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
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NOTE M—STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION
The Company's Board of Directors has granted stock incentive awards to certain employees and board members pursuant to a long term incentive plan which was approved by the Company's stockholders in May 2005 and in May 2015. Employees have been awarded non-vested stock units with performance conditions, non-vested stock units with market conditions and non-vested restricted stock. The restrictions on the non-vested restricted stock awards lapse at the end of a specified service period, which is typically three years from the date of grant. Restrictions could lapse sooner upon a business combination, death, disability or after an employee qualifies for retirement. The non-vested stock units will be converted into a number of shares of Company stock depending on performance and market conditions at the end of a specified service period, lasting approximately three years. The performance condition awards will be converted into a number of shares of Company stock based on the Company's average return on invested capital during the service period. Similarly, the market condition awards will be converted into a number of shares depending on the appreciation of the Company's stock compared to the NASDAQ Transportation Index. Board members were granted time-based awards with vesting periods of approximately six or twelve months. The Company expects to settle all of the stock unit awards by issuing new shares of stock. The table below summarizes award activity.
| Year Ended December 31 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2020 | 2019 | 2018 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Number of Awards | Weighted average grant-date fair value | Number of Awards | Weighted average grant-date fair value | Number of Awards | Weighted average grant-date fair value | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Outstanding at beginning of period | 963,832 | $ | 17.67 | 969,928 | $ | 15.89 | 873,849 | $ | 12.30 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Granted | 437,054 | 18.85 | 302,596 | 23.22 | 304,795 | 24.18 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Converted | (278,163) | 21.34 | (291,064) | 17.14 | (205,616) | 12.74 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Expired | (34,100) | 19.40 | (7,900) | 23.78 | (500) | 28.38 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Forfeited | (3,600) | 21.62 | (9,728) | 23.37 | (2,600) | 26.76 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Outstanding at end of period | 1,085,023 | $ | 17.14 | 963,832 | $ | 17.67 | 969,928 | $ | 15.89 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Vested | 460,685 | $ | 13.00 | 476,389 | $ | 11.11 | 463,422 | $ | 10.25 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
The average grant-date fair value of each performance condition award, non-vested restricted stock award and time-based award granted by the Company was $18.39, $22.80 and $25.15 for 2020, 2019 and 2018, respectively, the fair value of the Company’s stock on the date of grant. The average grant-date fair value of each market condition award granted was $20.41, $24.75 and $31.60 for 2020, 2019 and 2018, respectively. The market condition awards were valued using a Monte Carlo simulation technique based on volatility over three years for the awards granted in 2020, 2019 and 2018 using daily stock prices and using the following variables:
| 2020 | 2019 | 2018 | |||||||||||||||
| Risk-free interest rate | 0.7% | 2.5% | 2.4% | ||||||||||||||
| Volatility | 35.0% | 35.6% | 33.8% | ||||||||||||||
For the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018, the Company recorded expense of $7.5 million, $7.0 million and $5.0 million, respectively, for stock incentive awards. At December 31, 2020, there was $6.8 million of unrecognized expense related to the stock incentive awards that is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of 1.5 years. As of December 31, 2020, none of the awards were convertible, 353,023 units of the Board members' time-based awards had vested and none of the outstanding shares of the restricted stock had vested. These awards could result in a maximum number of 1,360,198 additional outstanding shares of the Company’s common stock depending on service, performance and market results through December 31, 2022.
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NOTE N—COMMON STOCK AND EARNINGS PER SHARE
Earnings per Share
The calculation of basic and diluted earnings per common share are as follows (in thousands, except per share amounts):
| December 31 | |||||||||||||||||
| 2020 | 2019 | 2018 | |||||||||||||||
| Numerator: | |||||||||||||||||
| Earnings from continuing operations - basic | $ | 25,079 | $ | 59,983 | $ | 67,883 | |||||||||||
| Gain from stock warrants revaluation, net of tax | — | (6,219) | (7,118) | ||||||||||||||
| Earnings from continuing operations - diluted | $ | 25,079 | $ | 53,764 | $ | 60,765 | |||||||||||
| Denominator: | |||||||||||||||||
| Weighted-average shares outstanding for basic earnings per share | 59,128 | 58,899 | 58,765 | ||||||||||||||
| Common equivalent shares: | |||||||||||||||||
| Effect of stock-based compensation awards and warrants | 803 | 10,449 | 9,591 | ||||||||||||||
| Weighted-average shares outstanding assuming dilution | 59,931 | 69,348 | 68,356 | ||||||||||||||
| Basic earnings per share from continuing operations | $ | 0.42 | $ | 1.02 | $ | 1.16 | |||||||||||
| Diluted earnings per share from continuing operations | $ | 0.42 | 0.78 | $ | 0.89 | ||||||||||||
Basic weighted average shares outstanding for purposes of basic earnings per share are less than the shares outstanding due to 365,100 shares, 317,600 shares and 329,600 shares of restricted stock for 2020, 2019 and 2018, respectively, which are accounted for as part of diluted weighted average shares outstanding in diluted earnings per share.
The determination of diluted earnings per share requires the exclusion of the fair value re-measurement of the stock warrants recorded as a liability (see Note D), if such warrants have an anti-dilutive effect on earnings per share. The dilutive effect of the weighted-average diluted shares outstanding is calculated using the treasury method for periods in which equivalent shares have a dilutive effect on earnings per share. Under this method, the number of diluted shares is determined by dividing the assumed proceeds of the warrants recorded as a liability by the average stock price during the period and comparing that amount with the number of corresponding warrants outstanding.
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NOTE O—SEGMENT AND REVENUE INFORMATION
The Company operates in two reportable segments. The CAM segment consists of the Company's aircraft leasing operations. The ACMI Services segment consists of the Company's airline operations, including CMI agreements as well as ACMI, charter service and passenger service agreements that the Company has with its customers. The Company's aircraft maintenance services, aircraft modification services, ground services and other services, are not large enough to constitute reportable segments and are combined in All other. Intersegment revenues are valued at arms-length market rates.
The Company's segment information from continuing operations is presented below (in thousands):
| Year Ended December 31 | |||||||||||||||||
| 2020 | 2019 | 2018 | |||||||||||||||
| Total revenues: | |||||||||||||||||
| CAM | $ | 308,661 | $ | 285,276 | $ | 228,956 | |||||||||||
| ACMI Services | 1,147,279 | 1,078,288 | 548,839 | ||||||||||||||
| All other | 334,300 | 314,014 | 286,579 | ||||||||||||||
| Eliminate inter-segment revenues | (219,665) | (225,395) | (172,029) | ||||||||||||||
| Total | $ | 1,570,575 | $ | 1,452,183 | $ | 892,345 | |||||||||||
| Customer revenues: | |||||||||||||||||
| CAM | $ | 205,047 | $ | 168,106 | $ | 156,516 | |||||||||||
| ACMI Services | 1,147,252 | 1,078,143 | 548,804 | ||||||||||||||
| All other | 218,276 | 205,934 | 187,025 | ||||||||||||||
| Total | $ | 1,570,575 | $ | 1,452,183 | $ | 892,345 | |||||||||||
ACMI Services revenues are generated from airline service agreements and are typically based on hours flown, the amount of aircraft operated and crew resources provided during a month. ACMI Services revenues are recognized over time using the invoice practical expedient as flight hours are performed for the customer. Certain agreements include provisions for incentive payments based upon on-time reliability. These incentives are measured on a monthly basis and recorded to revenue in the corresponding month earned. Under CMI agreements, the Company's airlines have an obligation to provide integrated services including flight crews, aircraft maintenance and insurance for the customer's cargo network. Under ACMI agreements, the Company's airlines are also obligated to provide aircraft. Under CMI and ACMI agreements, customers are generally responsible for aviation fuel, landing fees, navigation fees and certain other flight expenses. When functioning as the customers' agent for arranging such services, the Company records amounts reimbursable from the customer as revenues net of the related expenses as the costs are incurred. Under charter agreements, the Company's airline is obligated to provide full services for one or more flights having specific origins and destinations. Under charter agreements in which the Company's airline is responsible for fuel, airport fees and all flight services, the related costs are recorded in operating expenses. Any sales commissions paid for charter agreements are generally expensed when incurred because the amortization period is less than one year. ACMI Services are invoiced monthly or more frequently. (There are no customer rewards programs associated with services offered by the Company nor does the Company sell passenger tickets or issue freight bills.)
The Company's revenues for customer contracts for airframe maintenance and aircraft modification services that do not have an alternative use and for which the Company has an enforceable right to payment are generally recognized over time based on the percentage of costs completed. Services for airframe maintenance and aircraft modifications typically have project durations lasting a few weeks to a few months. Other revenues for aircraft part sales, component repairs and line service are recognized at a point in time typically when the parts are delivered to the customer and the services are completed. For airframe maintenance, aircraft modifications and aircraft component repairs, contracts include assurance warranties that are not sold separately.
The Company records revenues and estimated earnings over time for its airframe maintenance and aircraft modification contracts using the costs to costs input method. For such services, the Company estimates the earnings on a contract as the difference between the expected revenue and estimated costs to complete a contract and
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recognizes revenues and earnings based on the proportion of costs incurred compared to the total estimated costs. Unexpected or abnormal costs that are not reflected in the price of a contract are excluded from calculations of progress toward contract obligations. The Company's estimates consider the timing and extent of the services, including the amount and rates of labor, materials and other resources required to perform the services. These production costs are specifically planned and monitored for regulatory compliance. The expenditure of these costs closely reflect the progress made toward completion of an airframe maintenance and aircraft modification project. The Company recognizes adjustments in estimated earnings on a contract under the cumulative catch-up method in which the impact of the adjustment on estimated earnings of a contract is recognized in the period the adjustment is identified.
The Company's ground services revenues include load transfer and sorting services, facility and equipment maintenance services. These revenues are recognized as the services are performed for the customer over time. Revenues from related facility and equipment maintenance services are recognized over time and at a point in time depending on the nature of the customer contracts.
The Company's external customer revenues from other activities for the years ending December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018 are presented below (in thousands):
| Year Ended December 31, | ||||||||||||||||||||
| 2020 | 2019 | 2018 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Aircraft maintenance, modifications and part sales | $ | 114,425 | $ | 117,772 | $ | 117,832 | ||||||||||||||
| Ground services | 73,949 | 69,596 | 66,567 | |||||||||||||||||
| Other, including aviation fuel sales | 29,902 | 18,566 | 2,626 | |||||||||||||||||
| Total customer revenues | $ | 218,276 | $ | 205,934 | $ | 187,025 | ||||||||||||||
CAM's aircraft lease revenues are recognized as operating lease revenues on a straight-line basis over the term of the applicable lease agreements. Customer payments for leased aircraft and equipment are typically paid monthly in advance. CAM's leases do not contain residual guarantees. Approximately 14% of CAM's leases to external customers contain purchase options at projected market values. As of December 31, 2020, minimum future payments from external customers for leased aircraft and equipment were scheduled to be $222.4 million, $195.5 million, $150.5 million, $99.8 million and $90.7 million, respectively, for each of the next 5 years ending December 31, 2025 and $202.2 million thereafter.
For customers that are not a governmental agency or department, the Company generally receives partial payment in advance of services, otherwise customer balances are typically paid within 30 to 60 days of service. The Company recognized $2.8 million of non lease revenue that was reported in deferred revenue at the beginning of the year, compared to $2.8 million in 2019. Deferred revenue was $3.0 million and $3.0 million at December 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively, for contracts with customers.
The Company had revenues of approximately $699.2 million, $716.9 million and $231.8 million for 2020, 2019 and 2018, respectively, derived primarily from aircraft leases in foreign countries, routes with flights departing from or arriving in foreign countries or aircraft maintenance and modification services performed in foreign countries. All revenues from the CMI agreement with DHL and the ATSA agreement with ASI are attributed to U.S. operations. As of December 31, 2020 and 2019, the Company had 22 and 20 aircraft, respectively, deployed outside of the United States.
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The Company's other segment information from continuing operations is presented below (in thousands):
| Year Ended December 31, | |||||||||||||||||
| 2020 | 2019 | 2018 | |||||||||||||||
| Depreciation and amortization expense: | |||||||||||||||||
| CAM | $ | 172,003 | $ | 158,470 | $ | 126,856 | |||||||||||
| ACMI Services | 101,748 | 96,191 | 49,068 | ||||||||||||||
| All other | 4,316 | 2,871 | 2,971 | ||||||||||||||
| Total | $ | 278,067 | $ | 257,532 | $ | 178,895 | |||||||||||
| Interest expense | |||||||||||||||||
| CAM | 39,304 | 38,300 | 21,819 | ||||||||||||||
| ACMI Services | 20,542 | 24,950 | 6,269 | ||||||||||||||
| Segment earnings (loss): | |||||||||||||||||
| CAM | $ | 77,424 | $ | 68,643 | $ | 65,576 | |||||||||||
| ACMI Services | 66,897 | 32,055 | 11,448 | ||||||||||||||
| All other | (5,933) | 13,422 | 11,170 | ||||||||||||||
| Net unallocated interest expense | (2,825) | (3,024) | (460) | ||||||||||||||
| Government grants | 47,231 | — | — | ||||||||||||||
| Impairment of aircraft and related assets | (39,075) | — | — | ||||||||||||||
| Net gain (loss) on financial instruments | (100,771) | (12,302) | 7,296 | ||||||||||||||
| Transaction fees | — | (373) | (5,264) | ||||||||||||||
| Other non-service components of retiree benefit costs, net | 12,032 | (9,404) | 8,180 | ||||||||||||||
| Loss from non-consolidated affiliate | (13,587) | (17,445) | (10,468) | ||||||||||||||
| Pre-tax earnings from continuing operations | $ | 41,393 | $ | 71,572 | $ | 87,478 | |||||||||||
The Company's assets are presented below by segment (in thousands). Cash and cash equivalents are reflected in Assets - All other.
| December 31 | |||||||||||||||||
| 2020 | 2019 | 2018 | |||||||||||||||
| Assets: | |||||||||||||||||
| CAM | $ | 2,037,628 | $ | 1,857,687 | $ | 1,577,182 | |||||||||||
| ACMI Services | 811,516 | 830,620 | 759,131 | ||||||||||||||
| All other | 152,601 | 131,871 | 134,272 | ||||||||||||||
| Total | $ | 3,001,745 | $ | 2,820,178 | $ | 2,470,585 | |||||||||||
During 2020, the Company had capital expenditures for property and equipment of $73.4 million and $429.6 million for the ACMI Services and CAM, respectively.
NOTE P—DISCONTINUED OPERATIONS
The Company's results of discontinued operations consist primarily of changes in liabilities related to benefits for former employees previously associated with ABX's former hub operation for DHL. The Company may incur expenses and cash outlays in the future related to pension obligations, self-insurance reserves for medical expenses and wage loss for former employees. For the years ending December 31, 2020 and 2019, the Company had liabilities of $7.2 million and $15.2 million, respectively, for employee compensation and benefits. During 2020, 2019 and 2018, pre-tax earnings from discontinued operations were $9.1 million, $1.6 million and $1.8 million, respectively.
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NOTE Q—INVESTMENTS IN NON-CONSOLIDATED AFFILIATES (Unaudited)
As described in Note C, the Company had investments in two non-consolidated affiliates. While management considers the Company's participation in these non-consolidated affiliates as potentially beneficial to future operating results, such participation is not essential to the Company. The following table presents combined condensed information from the statements of operations of the Company's non-consolidated affiliates (in thousands):
| Year Ended December 31, | ||||||||||||||||||||
| 2020 | 2019 | 2018 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Revenues | $ | 133 | $ | 114,265 | $ | 202,028 | ||||||||||||||
| Expenses | (19,166) | (143,775) | (228,169) | |||||||||||||||||
| Income (Loss) | $ | (19,033) | $ | (29,510) | $ | (26,141) | ||||||||||||||
The following table presents combined condensed balance sheet information for our unconsolidated affiliates (in thousands):
| December 31, | ||||||||||||||
| 2020 | 2019 | |||||||||||||
| Current assets | $ | 10,154 | $ | 64,392 | ||||||||||
| Non current assets | 495 | 213,940 | ||||||||||||
| Current liabilities | (1,127) | (155,451) | ||||||||||||
| Non current liabilities | — | (123,837) | ||||||||||||
| Equity | $ | (9,522) | $ | 956 | ||||||||||
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NOTE R—QUARTERLY RESULTS (Unaudited)
The following is a summary of quarterly results of operations (in thousands, except per share amounts):
| 1st Quarter | 2nd Quarter | 3rd Quarter | 4th Quarter | ||||||||||||||||||||
2020 (1) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Revenues from continuing operations | $ | 389,277 | $ | 377,794 | $ | 404,146 | $ | 399,358 | |||||||||||||||
| Operating income from continuing operations | 49,807 | 23,178 | 73,970 | 59,435 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Net earnings (loss) from continuing operations | 133,733 | (105,162) | (5,745) | 2,253 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Net earnings from discontinued operations | 3,772 | 236 | 154 | 2,874 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Weighted average shares: | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Basic | 59,040 | 59,130 | 59,146 | 59,195 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Diluted | 67,947 | 59,130 | 59,146 | 70,074 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Earnings (loss) per share from continuing operations | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Basic | $ | 2.27 | $ | (1.78) | $ | (0.10) | $ | 0.04 | |||||||||||||||
| Diluted | $ | 0.84 | $ | (1.78) | $ | (0.10) | $ | 0.03 | |||||||||||||||
2019 (2) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Revenues from continuing operations | $ | 348,183 | $ | 334,576 | $ | 366,073 | $ | 403,351 | |||||||||||||||
| Operating income from continuing operations | 46,528 | 37,482 | 40,766 | 52,221 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Net earnings (loss) from continuing operations | 22,634 | (26,632) | 105,085 | (41,104) | |||||||||||||||||||
| Net earnings (loss) from discontinued operations | 31 | 31 | 243 | 914 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Weighted average shares: | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Basic | 58,838 | 58,909 | 58,919 | 58,929 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Diluted | 60,437 | 58,909 | 68,718 | 58,929 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Earnings (loss) per share from continuing operations | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Basic | $ | 0.38 | $ | (0.45) | $ | 1.78 | $ | (0.70) | |||||||||||||||
| Diluted | $ | 0.25 | $ | (0.45) | $ | 0.19 | $ | (0.70) | |||||||||||||||
1.During 2020, the Company recorded a $107.0 million gain, a $109.7 million loss, a $53.4 million loss and a $44.7 million loss on the remeasurement of financial instruments, primarily related to the warrants issued to Amazon for the quarters ended March 31, 2020, June 30, 2020, September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2020, respectively. During 2020, the Company recorded an impairment charge of $39.1 million on aircraft and related assets for the quarter ended September 30, 2020. Also during 2020, the Company has recognized $9.8 million, $21.7 million and $15.7 million of the government grants pursuant to the payroll support program under the Coronavirus Aid, Relief and Economic Security Act into operating expenses for the quarters ended June 30, 2020, September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2020.
2.During 2019, the Company recorded a $4.5 million gain, a $35.9 million loss, a $92.0 million gain and a $72.9 million loss on the remeasurement of financial instruments, primarily related to the warrants issued to Amazon for the quarters ended March 31, 2019, June 30, 2019, September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2019, respectively.
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ITEM 9. CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS ON ACCOUNTING AND FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE
None.
ITEM 9A. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES
(a) Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures
As of December 31, 2020, the Company carried out an evaluation, under the supervision and with the participation of the Company's Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer of the effectiveness of the design and operation of the Company's disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the "Exchange Act")). Based upon the evaluation, the Company's Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that the Company's disclosure controls and procedures were effective to ensure that information required to be disclosed by the Company in the reports filed or submitted by it under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within time periods specified in the Securities and Exchange Commission rules and forms and is accumulated and communicated to management, including the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, or persons performing similar functions, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.
(b) Changes in Internal Controls
There were no changes in internal control over financial reporting during the most recently completed fiscal year that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company's internal control over financial reporting.
Management’s Annual Report on Internal Controls over Financial Reporting
The management of the Company is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting. The Company’s internal control system is designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes, in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles.
All internal control systems, no matter how well designed, have inherent limitations. Therefore, even those systems determined to be effective can provide only reasonable assurance with respect to financial statement preparation and presentation.
The Company’s management assessed the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2020. In making this assessment, it used the criteria set forth by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO) in Internal Control—Integrated Framework (2013).
Based on management’s assessment of those criteria, management believes that, as of December 31, 2020, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting was effective.
The effectiveness of our internal controls over financial reporting as of December 31, 2020 has been audited by our independent registered accounting firm as stated in its attestation report that follows this report.
March 1, 2021
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REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
To the Stockholders and the Board of Directors of Air Transport Services Group, Inc.
Opinion on Internal Control over Financial Reporting
We have audited the internal control over financial reporting of Air Transport Services Group, Inc. and subsidiaries (the “Company”) as of December 31, 2020, based on criteria established in Internal Control — Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO). In our opinion, the Company maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2020, based on criteria established in Internal Control — Integrated Framework (2013) issued by COSO.
We have also audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB), the consolidated financial statements and financial statement schedule as of and for the year ended December 31, 2020, of the Company and our report dated March 1, 2021, expressed an unqualified opinion on those consolidated financial statements and financial statement schedule.
Basis for Opinion
The Company’s management is responsible for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting, included in the accompanying Management's Annual Report on Internal Controls over Financial Reporting. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s internal control over financial reporting based on our audit. We are a public accounting firm registered with the PCAOB and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.
We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects. Our audit included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk, and performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion.
Definition and Limitations of Internal Control over Financial Reporting
A company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A company’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.
Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.
/s/ Deloitte & Touche LLP
Cincinnati, Ohio
March 1, 2021
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ITEM 9B. OTHER INFORMATION
None.
PART III
ITEM 10. DIRECTORS, EXECUTIVE OFFICERS AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE
The response to this Item is incorporated herein by reference to the definitive Proxy Statement for the 2021 Annual Meeting of Stockholders under the captions “Election of Directors,” “Beneficial Ownership of Common Shares --Delinquent Section 16(a) Reports” and “Corporate Governance and Board Matters.”
Executive Officers
The following table sets forth information about the Company’s executive officers. The executive officers serve at the pleasure of the Company’s Board of Directors.
| Name | Age | Information | |||||||||
| Richard F. Corrado | 61 | President and Chief Executive Officer, Air Transport Services Group, Inc., since May 2020 and President of Air Transport Services Group, Inc. since September 2019. Chief Operating Officer, Air Transport Services Group, Inc., from September 2017 to September 2019. President of Cargo Aircraft Management Inc., since April 2010. President of Airborne Global Solutions, Inc. since July 2010. Mr. Corrado was Chief Commercial Officer, Air Transport Services Group, Inc., from April 2010 to September 2017. Before joining ATSG, Mr. Corrado was President of Transform Consulting Group from July 2006 through March 2010 and Chief Operating Officer of AFMS Logistics Management from February 2008 through March 2010. He was Executive Vice President of Air Services and Business Development for DHL Express from September 2003 through June of 2006; and Senior Vice President of Marketing for Airborne Express from August 2000 through August 2003. | |||||||||
| Quint O. Turner | 58 | Chief Financial Officer, Air Transport Services Group, Inc., since February 2008 and Chief Financial Officer, ABX Air, Inc. since December 2004. Mr. Turner was Vice President of Administration of ABX Air, Inc. from February 2002 to December 2004. Mr. Turner was Corporate Director of Financial Planning and Accounting of ABX Air, Inc. from 1997 to 2002. Prior to 1997, Mr. Turner held positions of Manager of Planning and Director of Financial Planning of ABX Air, Inc. Mr. Turner joined ABX Air, Inc. in 1988. | |||||||||
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| Edward J. Koharik | 50 | Chief Operating Officer, Air Transport Services Group, Inc. since September 2019. Before joining ATSG, Mr. Koharik served as Vice President of FlightSafety International, a global provider of flight training for commercial, business and military aviation professionals and flight simulation equipment, from January 2019 to September 2019. He was the General Manager and Executive Director of FlightSafety International Visual Systems from 2015 to 2018. He served as the Enterprise Readiness Center Chief for the U.S. Transportation Command from 2011 to 2015. | |||||||||
| W. Joseph Payne | 57 | Chief Legal Officer & Secretary, Air Transport Services Group, Inc., since May 2016; Senior Vice President, Corporate General Counsel and Secretary, Air Transport Services Group, Inc., since February 2008; and Vice President, General Counsel and Secretary, ABX Air, Inc. since January 2004. Mr. Payne was Corporate Secretary/Counsel of ABX Air, Inc. from January 1999 to January 2004, and Assistant Corporate Secretary from July 1996 to January 1999. Mr. Payne joined ABX Air, Inc. in April 1995. | |||||||||
| Michael L. Berger | 59 | Chief Commercial Officer, Air Transport Services Group, Inc. and President of Airborne Global Solutions since February 2018. Before joining ATSG, Mr. Berger was Chief Commercial Officer for Dicom Transportation group of Canada from March 2017 through February 2018. Mr. Berger was Global Head of Sales for TNT Express based in Amsterdam from September 2014 through February 2017. Mr. Berger joined Airborne Express in 1986 and worked 28 years for Airborne Express and its successor, DHL Express where he held many roles including Head of Sales for the United States. | |||||||||
The executive officers of the Company are appointed annually at the Board of Directors meeting held in conjunction with the annual meeting of stockholders and serve at the pleasure of the Board of Directors. There are no family relationships between any directors or executive officers of the Company.
ITEM 11. EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION
The response to this Item is incorporated herein by reference to the definitive Proxy Statement for the 2021 Annual Meeting of Stockholders under the captions “Executive Compensation” and “Director Compensation.”
ITEM 12. SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT AND RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS
The responses to this Item are incorporated herein by reference to the definitive Proxy Statement for the 2021 Annual Meeting of Stockholders under the captions “Equity Compensation Plan Information,” “Voting at the Meeting,” “Stock Ownership of Management” and “Common Stock Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners.”
ITEM 13. CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS, AND DIRECTOR INDEPENDENCE
The response to this Item is incorporated herein by reference to the definitive Proxy Statement for the 2021 Annual Meeting of Stockholders under the captions “Related Person Transactions” and “Independence.”
ITEM 14. PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTING FEES AND SERVICES
The response to this Item is incorporated herein by reference to the definitive Proxy Statement for the 2021 Annual Meeting of Stockholders under the caption “Fees of the Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm.”
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PART IV
ITEM 15. EXHIBITS AND FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES
(a)List of Documents filed as part of this report:
(1)Consolidated Financial Statements
The following are filed in Part II, Item 8 of this Form 10-K Annual Report:
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
Consolidated Balance Sheets
Consolidated Statements of Operations
Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows
Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(2)Financial Statement Schedules
Schedule II—Valuation and Qualifying Account
| Description | Balance at beginning of period | Additions charged to cost and expenses | Deductions | Balance at end of period | |||||||||||||||||||
| Accounts receivable reserve: | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Year ended: | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| December 31, 2020 | $ | 974,882 | $ | 880,967 | $ | 858,989 | $ | 996,860 | |||||||||||||||
| December 31, 2019 | 1,443,805 | 2,277,217 | 2,746,140 | 974,882 | |||||||||||||||||||
| December 31, 2018 | 2,445,310 | 596,000 | 1,597,505 | 1,443,805 | |||||||||||||||||||
All other schedules are omitted because they are not applicable or are not required, or because the required information is included in the consolidated financial statements or notes thereto.
(3)Exhibits
The following exhibits are filed with or incorporated by reference into this report.
| Exhibit No. | Description of Exhibit | ||||
| Articles of Incorporation | |||||
| 3.1 | |||||
| 3.2 | |||||
| 3.3 | |||||
100
| Instruments defining the rights of security holders | |||||
| 4.1 | |||||
| 4.2 | |||||
| 4.3 | |||||
| 4.4 | |||||
| 4.5 | |||||
| Material Contracts | |||||
| 10.1 | |||||
| 10.2 | |||||
| 10.3 | |||||
| 10.4 | |||||
| 10.5 | |||||
| 10.6 | |||||
| 10.7 | |||||
| 10.8 | |||||
| 10.9 | |||||
| 10.10 | |||||
| 10.11 | |||||
| 10.12 | |||||
| 10.13 | |||||
| 10.14 | |||||
| 10.15 | |||||
| 10.16 | |||||
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| 10.17 | |||||
| 10.18 | |||||
| 10.19 | |||||
| 10.20 | |||||
| 10.21 | |||||
| 10.22 | |||||
| 10.23 | |||||
| 10.24 | |||||
| 10.25 | |||||
| 10.26 | |||||
| 10.27 | |||||
| 10.28 | |||||
| 10.29 | |||||
| 10.30 | |||||
| 10.31 | |||||
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| 10.32 | |||||
| 10.33 | |||||
| 10.34 | |||||
| 10.35 | |||||
| 10.36 | |||||
| 10.37 | |||||
| 10.38 | |||||
| 10.39 | |||||
| 10.40 | |||||
| 10.41 | |||||
| 10.42 | |||||
| 10.43 | |||||
| 10.44 | |||||
| 10.45 | |||||
| 10.46 | |||||
| 10.47 | |||||
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| 10.48 | |||||
| 10.49 | |||||
| 10.50 | |||||
| 10.51 | |||||
| 10.52 | |||||
| 10.53 | |||||
| 10.54 | |||||
| 10.55 | |||||
| 10.56 | |||||
| 10.57 | |||||
| 10.58 | |||||
| 10.59 | |||||
| 10.60 | |||||
| 10.61 | |||||
| 10.62 | |||||
| 10.63 | |||||
| 10.64 | |||||
| 10.65 | |||||
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| 10.66 | |||||
| 10.67 | |||||
| 10.68 | |||||
| 10.69 | |||||
| 10.70 | |||||
| 10.71 | |||||
| 10.72 | |||||
| 10.73 | |||||
| 10.74 | |||||
| 10.75 | |||||
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| Code of Ethics | |||||
| 14.1 | Code of Ethics—CEO and CFO. (1) | ||||
| List of Significant Subsidiaries | |||||
| 21.1 | |||||
| Consent of experts and counsel | |||||
| 23.1 | Consent of independent registered public accounting firm, filed herewith. | ||||
| Certifications | |||||
| 31.1 | |||||
| 31.2 | |||||
| 32.1 | |||||
| 32.2 | |||||
| 101.INS | XBRL Instance Document | ||||
| 101.SCH | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document | ||||
| 101.CAL | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document | ||||
| 101.DEF | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document | ||||
| 101.LAB | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Labels Linkbase Document | ||||
| 101.PRE | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document | ||||
____________________
(1)The Company's Code of Ethics can be accessed from the Company's Internet website at www.atsginc.com.
(2)Incorporated by reference to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on November 9, 2006.
(3)Incorporated by reference to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K/A filed on August 14, 2007 with the Securities and Exchange Commission.
(4)Incorporated by reference to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q/A, filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on August 14, 2007.
(5)Incorporated by reference to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on August 14, 2007.
(6)Incorporated by reference to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on August 10, 2009.
(7)Incorporated by reference to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K filed on March 17, 2008 with the Securities and Exchange Commission.
(8)Incorporated by reference to the Company's Proxy Statement for the 2019 Annual Meeting of Stockholders, Corporate Governance and Board Matters, filed March 29, 2019 with the Securities and Exchange Commission.
(9)Incorporated by reference to the Company's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on May 10, 2010.
(10)Incorporated by reference to the Company's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on November 3, 2010. Those portions of the Agreement marked with an [*] have been omitted pursuant to a request for confidential treatment and have been filed separately with the SEC.
(11)Incorporated by reference to the Company's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on August 3, 2011.
106
(12)Incorporated by reference to the Company's Form 8-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on June 18, 2012.
(13)Incorporated by reference to the Company's Form 8-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on July 24, 2012.
(14)Incorporated by reference to the Company's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on August 2, 2012.
(15)Incorporated by reference to the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on March 4, 2013. Those portions of the Agreement marked with an [*] have been omitted pursuant to a request for confidential treatment and have been filed separately with the SEC.
(16)Incorporated by reference to the Company's Form 8-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on March 24, 2020.
(17)Incorporated by reference to the Company's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on November 6, 2013.
(18)Incorporated by reference to the Company's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on May 12, 2014.
(19)Incorporated by reference to the Company's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on August 5, 2014.
(20)Incorporated by reference to the Company's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on May 8, 2015, as amended by the Company's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q/A filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on August 7, 2015.
(21)Incorporated by reference to the Company's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on August 7, 2015.
(22)Incorporated by reference to the Company's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on May 10, 2016.
(23)Incorporated by reference to the Company's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on August 8, 2016.
(24)Incorporated by reference to the Company's Form 8-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on March 15, 2016.
(25)Incorporated by reference to the Company's Form 8-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on June 27, 2016.
(26)Incorporated by reference to the Company's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on May 8, 2017.
(27)Incorporated by reference to the Company's Form 8-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on June 2, 2017.
(28)Incorporated by reference to the Company's Form 8-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on September 29, 2017.
(29)Incorporated by reference to the Company's Form 8-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on September 25, 2017.
(30)Incorporated by reference to the Company's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on November 9, 2017.
(31)Incorporated by reference to the Company's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on August 8, 2018.
(32)Incorporated by reference to the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on March 1, 2019.
(33)Incorporated by reference to the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K/A filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on March 29, 2019.
(34)Incorporated by reference to the Company's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on August 6, 2019.
(35)Incorporated by reference to the Company's Form 8-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on May 29, 2019.
(36)Incorporated by reference to the Company's Form 8-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on November 6, 2019.
(37)Incorporated by reference to the Company's Form 8-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on January 28, 2020.
107
(38)Incorporated by reference to the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K, filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on March 2, 2020.
(39)Incorporated by reference to the Company's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on August 7, 2020.
ITEM 16. FORM 10-K SUMMARY
None.
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SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.
Air Transport Services Group, Inc.
| Signature | Title | Date | ||||||||||||
/S/ RICHARD F. CORRADO | Chief Executive Officer (Principal Executive Officer) | March 1, 2021 | ||||||||||||
| Richard F. Corrado | ||||||||||||||
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been signed below by the following persons in the capacities and on the date indicated:
| Signature | Title | Date | ||||||||||||
/S/ JOSEPH C. HETE | Director and Chairman of the Board | March 1, 2021 | ||||||||||||
| Joseph C. Hete | ||||||||||||||
/S/ RICHARD M. BAUDOUIN | Director | March 1, 2021 | ||||||||||||
| Richard M. Baudouin | ||||||||||||||
/S/ PHYLLIS J. CAMPBELL | Director | March 1, 2021 | ||||||||||||
| Phyllis J. Campbell | ||||||||||||||
/S/ RICHARD F. CORRADO | Director, President and Chief Executive Officer (Principal Executive Officer) | March 1, 2021 | ||||||||||||
| Richard F. Corrado | ||||||||||||||
/S/ RAYMOND E. JOHNS JR. | Director | March 1, 2021 | ||||||||||||
| Raymond E. Johns, Jr. | ||||||||||||||
/S/ LAURA J. PETERSON | Director | March 1, 2021 | ||||||||||||
| Laura J. Peterson | ||||||||||||||
/S/ RANDY D. RADEMACHER | Lead Independent Director | March 1, 2021 | ||||||||||||
| Randy D. Rademacher | ||||||||||||||
/S/ J. CHRISTOPHER TEETS | Director | March 1, 2021 | ||||||||||||
| J. Christopher Teets | ||||||||||||||
/S/ JEFFREY J. VORHOLT | Director | March 1, 2021 | ||||||||||||
| Jeffrey J. Vorholt | ||||||||||||||
/S/ PAUL S. WILLIAMS | Director | March 1, 2021 | ||||||||||||
| Paul S. Williams | ||||||||||||||
/S/ QUINT O. TURNER | Chief Financial Officer (Principal Financial Officer and Principal Accounting Officer) | March 1, 2021 | ||||||||||||
| Quint O. Turner | ||||||||||||||
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