Alphatec Holdings, Inc. - Quarter Report: 2018 September (Form 10-Q)

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

(Mark One)

For the quarterly period ended September 30, 2018

OR

For the transition period from                      to

Commission File Number: 000-52024

ALPHATEC HOLDINGS, INC.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

5818 El Camino Real

Carlsbad, CA 92008

(Address of principal executive offices, including zip code)

(760) 431-9286

(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.    Yes  ☒    No  ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files).    Yes  ☒    No  ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act.    ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act)    Yes  ☐    No  ☒

As of October 31, 2018, there were 43,212,606 shares of the registrant’s common stock outstanding.

ALPHATEC HOLDINGS, INC.

QUARTERLY REPORT ON FORM 10-Q

September 30, 2018

Table of Contents

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PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION

ALPHATEC HOLDINGS, INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

(In thousands, except for par value data) 

See accompanying notes to unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

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ALPHATEC HOLDINGS, INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS

(UNAUDITED)

(In thousands, except per share amounts)

See accompanying notes to unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

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ALPHATEC HOLDINGS, INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE LOSS

(UNAUDITED)

(In thousands)

See accompanying notes to unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

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ALPHATEC HOLDINGS, INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

(UNAUDITED)

(In thousands) 

See accompanying notes to unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

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ALPHATEC HOLDINGS, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)

1. The Company and Basis of Presentation

The Company

Alphatec Holdings, Inc. (the “Company”), through its wholly owned subsidiaries, Alphatec Spine, Inc. (“Alphatec Spine”) and SafeOp Surgical, Inc. (“SafeOp”), is a medical technology company that designs, develops, and markets technology for the treatment of spinal disorders associated with disease and degeneration, congenital deformities, and trauma. The Company's mission is to improve lives by providing innovative spine surgery solutions through the relentless pursuit of superior outcomes. The Company markets its products in the U.S. via independent sales agents and a direct sales force. The Company operates in one reportable business segment.  

On March 6, 2018, the Company and its newly-created wholly-owned subsidiary, Safari Merger Sub, Inc. (“Sub”), entered into an Agreement and Plan of Merger (the “Merger Agreement”) with SafeOp, a Delaware corporation, certain Key Stockholders of SafeOp and a Stockholder Representative. The Merger Agreement provides for a reverse triangular merger (the “Merger”), which was consummated on March 8, 2018, in which Sub was merged into SafeOp, with SafeOp being the surviving corporation and a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company. See Note 8 for further information.

On September 1, 2016, the Company completed the sale of its international distribution operations and agreements (collectively, the “International Business”) to Globus Medical Ireland, Ltd., a subsidiary of Globus Medical, Inc., and its affiliated entities (collectively “Globus”). As a result of this transaction, the International Business has been excluded from continuing operations for all periods presented in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and is reported as discontinued operations. See Note 4 for additional information on the divestiture of the International Business.

Recent Developments

In March 2018, the Company entered into financing transactions to raise an aggregate of $50 million, including a $45.2 million private placement of Series B Convertible Preferred Stock and warrants exercisable for common stock (the “2018 Private Placement”), and a warrant exercise agreement with a holder of an existing warrant for aggregate consideration of $4.8 million. On May 17, 2018, the Company’s stockholders approved the 2018 Private Placement and the shares of Series B Convertible Preferred Stock automatically converted into 14,349,236 shares of common stock. The 2018 Private Placement was led by L-5 Healthcare Partners, LLC, a healthcare-dedicated institutional investor, and included certain of the Company’s directors and executive officers, as well as other new and existing institutional and independent investors.  The Company used a portion of the net proceeds from the 2018 Private Placement and warrant exercise to fund the $15.1 million cash portion of the purchase price for SafeOp, and expects to use the remainder for general corporate purposes including the integration of next-generation neuromonitoring solutions, advancement of its product pipeline, and investment in sales and marketing to expand its market presence. See Note 11 for further information.

In November 2018, the Company entered into a Credit, Security and Guaranty Agreement (the “Credit Agreement”) with Squadron Medical Finance Solutions LLC (“Squadron”) for a $35.0 million secured term loan (the “Term Loan”). The majority of the proceeds of the Term Loan were used to retire the Company’s existing $29.2 million term debt with Globus.  See Note 16 for further information.

Basis of Presentation

The accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2017, which has been derived from audited financial statements, and the unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared by the Company in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”) and the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) related to a quarterly report on Form 10-Q. Certain information and note disclosures normally included in annual audited financial statements prepared in accordance with GAAP have been condensed or omitted pursuant to those rules and regulations, although the Company believes that the disclosures made in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q are adequate to make the information not misleading. The unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements reflect all adjustments, including normal recurring adjustments which, in the opinion of management, are necessary for a fair statement of the financial position and results of operations for the periods presented. These unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the Company’s audited consolidated financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2017, which are included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2017 that was filed with the SEC on March 9, 2018.

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Operating results for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the year ending December 31, 2018, or any other future periods.

The accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared assuming that the Company will continue as a going concern and do not include any adjustments that might result from the outcome of this uncertainty. A going concern basis of accounting contemplates the recovery of the Company’s assets and the satisfaction of its liabilities in the normal course of business.

The Company’s annual operating plan projects that its existing working capital at September 30, 2018 of $44.9 million (including cash of $35.1 million) which includes the net proceeds of $51.6 million received as of September 30, 2018 from the equity offering that closed on March 8, 2018 (see Note 11), warrant and stock option exercises, as well as the amendments to its debt facilities (see Note 5), allows the Company to fund its operations through at least one year subsequent to the date the financial statements are issued.

The Company has incurred significant net losses since inception and has relied on its ability to fund its operations through revenues from the sale of its products, equity financings and debt financings. As the Company has historically incurred losses, successful transition to profitability is dependent upon achieving a level of revenues adequate to support the Company’s cost structure. This may not occur and, unless and until it does, the Company will continue to need to raise additional capital.  Operating losses and negative cash flows may continue for at least the next year as the Company continues to incur costs related to the execution of its operating plan and introduction of new products.  

As more fully described in Note 5, the Company is a party to debt agreements with MidCap Funding IV, LLC (“MidCap”) (the “Debt Agreement”).  The Debt Agreement includes traditional lending and reporting covenants, including a financial covenant that requires the Company to maintain a minimum fixed charge coverage ratio. On November 6, 2018, the Company entered into an Eighth Amendment to the MidCap Facility (the “MidCap Amendment”) to extend the date that the financial covenants of the MidCap Facility are effective from April 2019 to April 2020, and extended the minimum liquidity covenant through March 2020. Should at any time the Company fail to maintain compliance with this covenant, the Company will need to seek a waiver or amendment to the Debt Agreement. If the Company is unable to secure such a waiver or amendment, it may be required to classify its obligations under the Debt Agreement in current liabilities on its consolidated balance sheet. The Company may also be required to repay all or a portion of outstanding indebtedness under the Debt Agreement, which may require the Company to obtain further financing.  There is no assurance that the Company will be able to obtain further financing, or do so on reasonable terms.

Reclassification

Certain amounts in the condensed consolidated statement of cash flows for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 have been reclassified to conform to the current period's presentation. None of the adjustments had any effect on the prior period cash flow totals.

2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

The Company’s significant accounting policies are described in Note 2 to its audited consolidated financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2017, which are included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K that was filed with the SEC on March 9, 2018. Except as discussed below, these accounting policies have not changed during the nine months ended September 30, 2018.

Revenue Recognition

The Company recognizes revenue from license and collaboration agreements in accordance with Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) Topic 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (“Topic 606”). The adoption of this guidance did not have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements. This standard applies to all contracts with customers, except for contracts that are within the scope of other standards, such as leases, insurance, collaboration arrangements and financial instruments.  Under Topic 606, an entity recognizes revenue when its customer obtains control of promised goods or services, in an amount that reflects the consideration that the entity expects to receive in exchange for those goods or services.  To determine revenue recognition for arrangements that an entity determines are within the scope of Topic 606, the entity performs the following five steps: (i) identify the contract(s) with a customer; (ii) identify the performance obligations in the contract; (iii) determine the transaction price; (iv) allocate the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract; and (v) recognize revenue when (or as) the entity satisfies a performance obligation.  The Company only applies the five-step model to contracts when

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it is probable that the entity will collect the consideration it is entitled to in exchange for the goods or services it transfers to the customer.  At contract inception, once the contract is determined to be within the scope of Topic 606, the Company assesses the goods or services promised within each contract and determines those that are performance obligations, and assesses whether each promised good or service is distinct.  The Company then recognizes as revenue the amount of the transaction price that is allocated to the respective performance obligation when (or as) the performance obligation is satisfied.  

The Company derives its revenues primarily from the sale of spinal surgery implants used in the treatment of spine disorders. The Company sells its products primarily through its direct sales force and independent distributors. Revenue is recognized when control of the promised goods are transferred to the customers, in an amount that reflects the consideration the Company expects to be entitled to in exchange for those goods. Transfer of control generally occurs when the Company receives the written acknowledgment that the product has been used in a surgical procedure or upon shipment to third-party customers who immediately accept title to such product.

The Company’s accounts receivable generally have net 30 day payment terms. The Company generally does not allow returns of products that have been delivered. The Company offers standard quality assurance warranty on its products. As of September 30, 2018, accounts receivable related to products and services were $12.2 million. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018, the Company had no material bad debt expense and there were no material contract assets, contract liabilities or deferred contract costs recorded on the consolidated balance sheet as of September 30, 2018.

Warrants to Purchase Common Stock

Warrants are accounted for in accordance with the applicable accounting guidance as either derivative liabilities or as equity instruments depending on the specific terms of the agreements.  As of September 30, 2018, all warrants are classified within stockholders’ equity. The Company periodically evaluates changes in facts and circumstances that could impact the classification of warrants.  

Transaction-related Expenses

The Company expensed certain costs related to the SafeOp acquisition, which primarily include third-party advisory and legal fees.

Fair Value Measurements

The carrying amount of financial instruments consisting of cash, restricted cash, trade accounts receivable, prepaid expenses and other current assets, accounts payable, accrued expenses, accrued compensation and current portion of long-term debt included in the Company’s consolidated financial statements are reasonable estimates of fair value due to their short maturities. Based on the borrowing rates currently available to the Company for loans with similar terms, management believes the fair value of long-term debt approximates its carrying value.

Authoritative guidance establishes a three-tier fair value hierarchy, which prioritizes the inputs used in measuring fair value as follows:

The Company does not maintain any financial assets that are considered to be Level 1, Level 2 or Level 3 instruments as of September 30, 2018. The fair value of the contingent consideration liability assumed in the SafeOp acquisition is recorded as part of the purchase price consideration of the acquisition. The contingent consideration related to the SafeOp acquisition is classified within Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy as the Company is using a probability-weighted income approach, utilizing significant unobservable inputs including the probability of achieving each of the potential milestones and an estimated discount rate related to the risks of the expected cash flows attributable to the milestones.

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The following table provides a reconciliation of liabilities measured at fair value using significant unobservable inputs (Level 3) for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 (in thousands):

During the three months ended September 30, 2018, the Company achieved the first of the two milestones which was settled through the issuance of 443,421 shares of the Company’s common stock. See Note 8 for further information. The material factors that may impact the fair value of the contingent consideration, and therefore, this liability, are the probabilities of achieving the related milestones and the discount rate.  Significant increases or decreases in any of the probabilities of success would result in a significantly higher or lower fair value, respectively.  Any necessary fair value adjustments to the contingent consideration liability will be assessed at each reporting date and recorded as operating expenses in the consolidated statement of operations.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements

In May 2014, the FASB issued ASU No. 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606), as modified by subsequently issued ASUs 2015-14, 2016-08, 2016-10, 2016-12 and 2016-20 (collectively “ASU 2014-09”). ASU 2014-09 superseded existing revenue recognition standards with a single model unless those contracts are within the scope of other standards. The revenue recognition principle in ASU 2014-09 is that an entity should recognize revenue to depict the transfer of goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the entity expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. The Company adopted the new standard effective January 1, 2018 using the modified retrospective approach applied to those contracts which were not completed as of January 1, 2018. Results for reporting periods beginning after January 1, 2018 are presented under ASU 2014-09, while prior period amounts are not adjusted and continue to be reported in accordance with the historic accounting under ASC 605. The adoption of ASU 2014-09 did not have a material cumulative impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements as of January 1, 2018.

In August 2016, the FASB issued new accounting guidance, which eliminates the diversity in practice related to the classification of certain cash receipts and payments in the statement of cash flows, by adding or clarifying guidance on eight specific cash flow issues. The guidance is effective for annual and interim reporting periods in fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2017, with early adoption permitted. The amendments in this update should be applied retrospectively to all periods presented, unless deemed impracticable, in which case, prospective application is permitted. The adoption did not have a material cumulative impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU No. 2017-01, Clarifying the Definition of a Business, which was created to assist entities with evaluating whether transactions should be accounted for as acquisitions (or disposals) of assets or businesses. This guidance provides a screen to determine whether an integrated set of assets and activities is a business. The screen requires that when substantially all of the fair value of the gross assets acquired (or disposed of) is concentrated in a single identifiable asset or a group of similar identifiable assets, the set is not a business. The guidance is effective for annual and interim reporting periods in fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2017. The Company followed this guidance for its acquisition of SafeOp during the first quarter of 2018, which was deemed to qualify as a business.

In May 2017, the FASB recently issued ASU 2017-09, Compensation-Stock Compensation, to provide clarity and reduce both 1) diversity in practice and 2) cost and complexity when applying the guidance in Topic 718 to a change in the terms or conditions of a share-based payment award.  ASU 2017-09 provides guidance about which changes to the terms or conditions of a share-based payment award require an entity to apply modification accounting under Topic 718.  The amendments in ASU 2017-09 are effective for fiscal and interim reporting periods in fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2017.  Early adoption is permitted, including adoption in any interim period.  The amendments in ASU 2017-09 should be applied prospectively to an award modified on or after the adoption date.  The adoption did not have a material cumulative impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

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In July 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-11, Earnings Per Share (Topic 260); Distinguishing Liabilities from Equity (Topic 480); Derivatives and Hedging (Topic 815): (Part I) Accounting for Certain Financial Instruments with Down Round Features, (Part II) Replacement of the Indefinite Deferral for Mandatorily Redeemable Financial Instruments of Certain Nonpublic Entities and Certain Mandatorily Redeemable Non-Controlling Interests with a Scope Exception. The ASU allows companies to exclude a down round feature when determining whether a financial instrument (or embedded conversion feature) is considered indexed to the entity’s own stock. As a result, financial instruments (or embedded conversion features) with down round features may no longer be required to be classified as liabilities. A company will recognize the value of a down round feature only when it is triggered and the strike price has been adjusted downward. For equity-classified freestanding financial instruments, such as warrants, an entity will treat the value of the effect of the down round, when triggered, as a dividend and a reduction of income available to common shareholders in computing basic earnings per share. For convertible instruments with embedded conversion features containing down round provisions, entities will recognize the value of the down round as a beneficial conversion discount to be amortized to earnings. The guidance in ASU 2017-11 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, and interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption is permitted, and the guidance is to be applied using a full or modified retrospective approach. The Company early adopted the guidance in conjunction with the 2018 Private Placement.

In June 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-07, Compensation-Stock Compensation (Topic 718): Improvements to Nonemployee Share-Based Payment Accounting, which expands the scope of Topic 718 to include share-based payment transactions for acquiring goods and services from nonemployees. An entity should apply the requirements of Topic 718 to nonemployee awards except for specific guidance on inputs to an option pricing model and the attribution of cost (that is, the period of time over which share-based payment awards vest and the pattern of cost recognition over that period). The amendments specify that Topic 718 applies to all share-based payment transactions in which a grantor acquires goods or services to be used or consumed in a grantor’s own operations by issuing share-based payment awards. The amendments also clarify that Topic 718 does not apply to share-based payments used to effectively provide (1) financing to the issuer or (2) awards granted in conjunction with selling goods or services to customers as part of a contract accounted for under Topic 606. The guidance is effective for public business entities for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, including interim periods within that fiscal year.   Early adoption is permitted, but no earlier than an entity’s adoption date of Topic 606. The Company early adopted the guidance during the second quarter of 2018. The adoption did not have a material cumulative impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements

In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842), which changes several aspects of the accounting for leases, including the requirement that all leases with durations greater than twelve months be recognized on the balance sheet. The guidance is effective for annual and interim reporting periods in fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018. Although the Company is in the process of evaluating the impact of adoption of the ASU on its consolidated financial statements, the Company currently believes the most significant changes will be related to the recognition of new right-of-use assets and lease liabilities on the Company's consolidated balance sheet for real estate operating leases.

In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-04, Intangibles – Goodwill and Other, which eliminates the requirement to calculate the implied fair value of goodwill to measure a goodwill impairment charge. Instead, entities will record an impairment charge based on the excess of a reporting unit’s carrying amount over its fair value. The standard has tiered effective dates, starting in 2020 for calendar-year public business entities that meet the definition of an SEC filer. Early adoption is permitted for annual and interim goodwill impairment testing dates after January 1, 2017. The Company is in the process of determining the impacts the adoption will have on its consolidated financial statements as well as whether to early adopt the new guidance.

3. Select Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet Details

Accounts Receivable, net

Accounts receivable, net consist of the following (in thousands):

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Inventories, net

Inventories, net consist of the following (in thousands):

Property and Equipment, net

Property and equipment, net consist of the following (in thousands except as indicated):

Total depreciation expense was $1.5 million and $1.6 million for the three months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017 and $4.5 million and $4.8 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively.  At both September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, assets recorded under capital leases of $2.1 million were included in the machinery and equipment balance. Amortization of assets under capital leases is included in depreciation expense.

Intangible Assets, net

In conjunction with the acquisition of SafeOp in March 2018, the Company recorded $21.6 million of new intangible assets. See Note 8 for further information regarding the acquisition. Intangible assets, net consist of the following (in thousands, except as indicated):

Total amortization expense was $0.2 million and $0.2 million for the three months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017 and $0.6 million and $0.7 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively.

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Future amortization expense related to intangible assets as of September 30, 2018 is as follows (in thousands):

Accrued Expenses

Accrued expenses consist of the following (in thousands):

4. Discontinued Operations

In connection with the sale of the International Business, the Company entered into a product manufacture and supply agreement (the “Supply Agreement”) with Globus, pursuant to which the Company supplies to Globus certain of its implants and instruments (the “Products”), previously offered for sale by the Company in international markets at agreed-upon prices for a minimum term of three years, with the option for Globus to extend the term for up to two additional twelve month periods subject to Globus meeting specified purchase requirements. In accordance with authoritative guidance, sales to Globus are reported under continuing operations as the Company has continuing involvement under the Supply Agreement.

During the three months ended September 30, 2018, the Company recorded $2.0 million in revenue and $1.8 million in cost of revenue from the Supply Agreement in continuing operations and during the nine months ended September 30, 2018, the Company recorded $5.7 million in revenue and $5.3 million in cost of revenue from the Supply Agreement in continuing operations. Included in the results of continuing operations for the three months ended September 30, 2017 are revenues of $2.3 million and cost of revenue of $2.0 million and for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 revenues of $9.2 million and cost of revenue of $7.9 million from the Supply Agreement. General and administrative expenses pertaining to discontinued operations on the Company’s condensed consolidated statements of operations were immaterial for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017.

In addition, on September 1, 2016, the Company entered into a five-year term credit, security and guaranty agreement with Globus (the “Globus Facility Agreement”), as further described in Note 5, pursuant to which Globus agreed to loan the Company up to $30 million, subject to the terms and conditions set forth in the Globus Facility Agreement, as amended. In November 2018, the Globus facility was paid in full. See Note 16 for further information.

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5. Debt

MidCap Facility Agreement

The Company’s Amended Credit Facility with MidCap provides for a revolving credit commitment up to $22.5 million and provided for a term loan commitment up to $5 million.  As of September 30, 2018, $9.5 million was outstanding under the revolving line of credit and the term loan was paid in full.

The revolving line of credit interest accrues at London Interbank Offered Rate (“LIBOR”) plus 6.0%, reset monthly. At September 30, 2018, the revolving line of credit carried an interest rate of 8.10%, with interest payable monthly. The borrowing base is determined based on the value of domestic eligible accounts receivable. As collateral for the Amended Credit Facility, MidCap has a first lien security interest in accounts receivable and a second lien on substantially all other assets.

At September 30, 2018, $1.1 million remains as unamortized debt discount related to the Amended Credit Facility on the condensed consolidated balance sheet, which will be amortized over the remaining term of the Amended Credit Facility.

The Amended Credit Facility also includes several event of default provisions, such as payment default, insolvency conditions and a material adverse effect clause, which could cause interest to be charged at a rate which is up to five percentage points above the rate effective immediately before the event of default or result in MidCap’s right to declare all outstanding obligations immediately due and payable.

On March 8, 2018, the Company entered into a Seventh Amendment to the Amended Credit Facility to extend the date that the financial covenants of the Amended Credit Facility are effective from April 2018 to April 2019, and established a minimum liquidity covenant of $5.0 million through March 2019. The Company was in compliance with the covenants under the Amended Credit Facility at September 30, 2018. On November 6, 2018, the Company entered into the Eighth Amendment to the MidCap Facility to extend the date that the financial covenants of the MidCap Facility are effective from April 2019 to April 2020, and extended the minimum liquidity covenant through March 2020.

Globus Facility Agreement

On September 1, 2016, the Company and Globus entered into the Globus Facility Agreement, pursuant to which Globus loaned the Company $30 million, subject to the terms and conditions set forth in the Globus Facility Agreement. As of September 30, 2018, the outstanding balance under the Globus Facility Agreement was $29.2 million, which became due and payable in quarterly payments of $0.8 million which began in September 2018, with a final payment of the remaining outstanding principal and interest due on September 1, 2021. The term loan interest rate is priced at LIBOR plus 8.0% through September 1, 2018, and LIBOR plus 13.0%, thereafter.  At September 30, 2018, the unamortized debt discount related to the Globus Facility Agreement on the condensed consolidated balance sheet was $0.6 million, which will be amortized over the remaining term of the Globus Facility Agreement. In November 2018, the Globus term loan was paid in full. See Note 16 for further information.

Principal payments on the Company's debt were as follows as of September 30, 2018 (in thousands):

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Credit Agreement with Squadron

In November 2018, the Company entered into the Credit Agreement with Squadron for a $35.0 million secured Term Loan.  The Term Loan matures over five years and bears interest at the one month LIBOR + 8% per annum. See Note 16 for further information.

6. Commitments and Contingencies

Leases

The Company leases certain equipment under capital leases which expire on various dates through 2022. The leases bear interest at rates ranging from 6.40% to 7.64% per annum, are generally due in monthly principal and interest installments and are collateralized by the related equipment. The Company also leases its buildings and certain equipment under operating leases which expire on various dates through 2021. Future minimum annual lease payments under such leases are as follows as of September 30, 2018 (in thousands):

Rent expense under operating leases for the three months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017 was $0.3 million and $0.3 million, respectively, and for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017 was $0.9 million and $0.9 million, respectively.

Litigation

The Company is and may become involved in various legal proceedings arising from its business activities. While management is not aware of any litigation matter that in and of itself would have a material adverse impact on the Company’s consolidated results of operations, cash flows or financial position, litigation is inherently unpredictable, and depending on the nature and timing of a proceeding, an unfavorable resolution could materially affect the Company’s future consolidated results of operations, cash flows or financial position in a particular period.  The Company assesses contingencies to determine the degree of probability and range of possible loss for potential accrual or disclosure in the Company’s consolidated financial statements. An estimated loss contingency is accrued in the Company’s consolidated financial statements if it is probable that a liability has been incurred and the amount of the loss can be reasonably estimated. Because litigation is inherently unpredictable and unfavorable resolutions could occur, assessing contingencies is highly subjective and requires judgments about future events. When evaluating contingencies, the Company may be unable to provide a meaningful estimate due to a number of factors, including the procedural status of the matter in question, the presence of complex or novel legal theories, and/or the ongoing discovery and development of information important to the matters. In addition, damage amounts claimed in litigation against the Company may be unsupported, exaggerated or unrelated to reasonably possible outcomes, and as such are not meaningful indicators of the Company’s potential liability.

On February 13, 2018, NuVasive, Inc. filed suit against the Company in the United States District Court for the Southern District of California, alleging that certain of the Company’s products (including components of the Squadron™ Lateral Retractor, the Battalion™ Lateral Spacer and other components of the Battalion™ Lateral System), infringe, or contribute to the infringement of, U.S. Patent Nos. 7,819,801, 8,355,780, 8,439,832, 8,753,270, 9,833,227 (entitled “Surgical access system and related methods”), U.S. Patent No. 8,361,156 (entitled “Systems and methods for spinal fusion”), and U.S. Design Patent Nos. D652,519 (“Dilator”) and D750,252 (“Intervertebral Implant”).  NuVasive is seeking unspecified monetary damages and a court injunction against future infringement by the Company.  

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On March 8, 2018, the Company moved to dismiss NuVasive’s claims of infringement of its design patents on the grounds that those allegations fail to state a cognizable legal claim.  On May 14, 2018, the Court ruled that NuVasive had failed to state a plausible claim for infringement of the asserted design patents and granted the Company’s motion to dismiss those claims with prejudice, as any further amendment would be futile.  The Company filed its answer, affirmative defenses and counterclaims to NuVasive’s remaining claims on May 21, 2018.

On March 26, 2018, NuVasive moved for a preliminary injunction, which, on March 27, 2018, the Court denied without prejudice for failure to comply with the Court’s chambers rules.  On April 5, 2018, NuVasive again moved for a preliminary injunction.  The Court held a hearing on the matter, having been fully briefed, on June 21, 2018.  On July 10, 2018, the Court ruled that NuVasive had failed to establish either likelihood of success on the merits of its remaining claims or that it would suffer irreparable harm in the absence of a preliminary injunction.  Accordingly, the Court denied NuVasive’s motion for preliminary injunction.  

On September 13, 2018, NuVasive filed an Amended Complaint for Patent Infringement, asserting additional infringement claims of U.S. Patent Nos. 9,924,859, 9,974,531 and 8,187,334. The Company filed its answer, affirmative defenses and counterclaims to NuVasive’s remaining claims on October 12, 2018.  Trial has been set for October 2019.  The parties currently are conducting discovery.

The Company believes that the allegations lack merit and intends to vigorously defend all claims asserted.    It is impossible at this time to assess whether the outcome of this proceeding will have a material adverse effect on the Company consolidated results of operations, cash flows or financial position. Therefore, in accordance with authoritative accounting guidance, the Company has not recorded any accrual for a contingent liability associated with this legal proceeding based on its belief that a liability, while possible, is not probable and any range of potential future charge cannot be reasonably estimated at this time.

Indemnifications

In the normal course of business, the Company enters into agreements under which it occasionally indemnifies third-parties for intellectual property infringement claims or claims arising from breaches of representations or warranties. In addition, from time to time, the Company provides indemnity protection to third-parties for claims relating to past performance arising from undisclosed liabilities, product liabilities, environmental obligations, representations and warranties, and other claims. In these agreements, the scope and amount of remedy, or the period in which claims can be made, may be limited. It is not possible to determine the maximum potential amount of future payments, if any, due under these indemnities due to the conditional nature of the obligations and the unique facts and circumstances involved in each agreement.

In October 2017, NuVasive filed a lawsuit in Delaware Chancery Court against Mr. Miles, the Company’s Chairman and CEO, who was a former officer and board member of NuVasive. The Company itself was not initially a named defendant in this lawsuit; however, on June 28, 2018, NuVasive amended its complaint to add the Company as a defendant.  As of September 30, 2018, the Company has not recorded any liability on the consolidated balance sheet related to this matter. On October 12, 2018, the Delaware Court ordered that NuVasive begin advancing legal fees for Mr. Miles’ defense in the lawsuit, as well as Mr. Miles’ legal fees incurred in pursuing advancement of his fees, pursuant to an indemnification agreement between NuVasive and Mr. Miles.

Royalties

The Company has entered into various intellectual property agreements requiring the payment of royalties based on the sale of products that utilize such intellectual property. These royalties primarily relate to products sold by Alphatec Spine and are based on fixed fees or calculated either as a percentage of net sales or on a per-unit sold basis. Royalties are included on the accompanying consolidated statements of operations as a component of cost of revenues. As of September 30, 2018, the Company is obligated to pay guaranteed minimum royalty payments under these agreements of approximately $7.8 million through 2022 and beyond.

7. Orthotec Settlement

On September 26, 2014, the Company entered into a Settlement and Release Agreement, dated as of August 13, 2014, by and among the Company and its direct subsidiaries, including Alphatec Spine, Inc., Alphatec Holdings International C.V., Scient'x S.A.S. and Surgiview S.A.S.; HealthpointCapital, LLC, HealthpointCapital Partners, L.P., HealthpointCapital Partners II, L.P., John H. Foster and Mortimer Berkowitz III; and Orthotec, LLC and Patrick Bertranou, (the “Settlement

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Agreement”). Pursuant to the Settlement Agreement, the Company agreed to pay Orthotec, LLC $49.0 million in cash, including initial cash payments totaling $1.75 million, which the Company previously paid in March 2014, and an additional lump sum payment of $15.75 million, which the Company previously paid in April 2014. The Company agreed to pay the remaining $31.5 million in 28 quarterly installments of $1.1 million and one additional quarterly installment of $0.7 million, commencing October 1, 2014. The payments set forth above are guaranteed by Stipulated Judgments held against the Company, HealthpointCapital Partners, L.P., HealthpointCapital Partners II, L.P., HealthpointCapital, LLC, John H. Foster and Mortimer Berkowitz III and, in the event of a default, will be entered and enforced against these entities and/or individuals in that order. In September 2014, the Company and HealthpointCapital entered into an agreement for joint payment of settlement whereby HealthpointCapital has agreed to contribute $5 million to the $49 million settlement amount. The $5 million is classified within stockholders’ equity on the Company’s condensed consolidated balance sheet due to the related party nature with HealthpointCapital and its affiliates. See Note 14 for further information.

As of September 30, 2018, the Company has made installment payments in the aggregate of $35.1 million, with a remaining outstanding balance of $22.7 million (including interest). The Company has the right to prepay the amounts due without penalty. In addition, the unpaid balance of the amounts due accrues interest at the rate of 7% per year beginning May 15, 2014 until the amounts due are paid in full. The accrued but unpaid interest will be paid in quarterly installments of $1.1 million (or the full amount of the accrued but unpaid interest if less than $1.1 million) following the full payment of the $31.5 million in quarterly installments described above. No interest will accrue on the accrued interest. The Settlement Agreement provides for mutual releases of all claims in the Orthotec, LLC v. Surgiview, S.A.S, et al. matter in the Superior Court of California, Los Angeles County and all other related litigation matters involving the Company and its directors and affiliates.

8. Acquisition of SafeOp Surgical, Inc.

On March 9, 2018, the Company announced its acquisition of SafeOp, a privately-held provider of neuromonitoring technology designed to enable effective intra-operative nerve health assessment. At the time of acquisition SafeOp had FDA 510(k) approval for a somatosensory evoked potential (“SSEP”) monitoring technology. The Company is developing a product that will allow for both free run and triggered specific recording of muscle activity, also known as Electromyography (“EMG”). The Company expects to receive FDA approval for SafeOp’s EMG technology in early 2019 to complement the SSEP solution, and anticipates commercialization of the combined technology solution in early 2019. In addition to expanding the Company’s market presence in lateral spine surgery, the Company believes that the SafeOp solution will allow it to integrate neuromonitoring into its broader product portfolio and accelerate the transition to procedural integration of the entire portfolio.

The Merger was accounted for using the acquisition method of accounting. The following unaudited pro forma results of operations assume that the Company acquired SafeOp on January 1, 2018 and 2017, respectively (in thousands).

The unaudited pro forma information presented above is not necessarily indicative of either the results of operations that would have occurred had the acquisition of SafeOp been effective on January 1, 2018 or 2017, respectively, or of the Company’s future results of operations.

The results of operations for SafeOp have been included in the Company’s financial results since the acquisition date. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018, the Company’s total net revenues were not materially impacted from the Merger and net loss increased by $1.6 million and $3.0 million, respectively, due to SafeOp’s operating expenses.

Under the term of the definitive merger agreement, the Company agreed to pay $15.1 million in cash and agreed to issue 3,265,132 shares of common stock. The Company paid the full $15.1 million in cash consideration during the nine months ended September 30, 2018.  On March 8, 2018, the Company issued 2,975,209 shares of common stock valued at $9.8 million, based on the closing share price of $3.30, and issued an additional 115,621 shares of common stock during the second quarter of 2018 and the remaining 174,302 during the third quarter of 2018.

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The Company also issued $3 million in convertible notes that are convertible into a total of 987,578 shares, which includes total expected interest to be incurred, of common stock and issued warrants to purchase 2.2 million shares of common stock at an exercise price of $3.50 per share.  Additional shares of common stock are issuable upon achievement of post-closing milestones as described further below.

The total purchase price is presented below (in thousands):

The Company has measured the identifiable assets and liabilities assumed at their acquisition date fair values separately from goodwill. The intangible assets acquired includes the EPAD tradename, in-process research and development (“IPR&D”) for the EMG technology, and the developed technology for SSEP. The fair value of the EPAD tradename was determined to be $60,000 with an estimated useful life of one year. The IPR&D for the EMG technology is considered to have an indefinite life until the development is completed (i.e. once FDA clearance is obtained), at which point the Company will determine the intangible asset’s estimate useful life. The developed SSEP technology has an estimated fair value of $13.1 million with an estimated useful life of 20 years. The Company has not presented any measurement period adjustments to the purchase price or the allocation detailed below for the three months ended September 30, 2018 due to their immaterial nature.

Due to the short time frame since the acquisition date, the Company recorded the net tangible and intangible assets acquired and liabilities assumed based upon the preliminary valuation. The preliminary valuations, along with the Company’s estimates and assumptions, are subject to change within the measurement period (not to exceed one year).  The primary areas of the preliminary purchase price allocation still in process relate to the fair values of assets acquired and liabilities assumed including: IPR&D, EPAD tradename and developed SSEP technology and related deferred tax consequences.

The allocation of the purchase price to the assets acquired and liabilities assumed based on their fair values, is as follows (in thousands):

The purchase price exceeded the fair value of the net tangible and identifiable intangible assets acquired from SafeOp.  As a result, the Company recorded goodwill in connection with the Merger. Specifically, the goodwill recorded as part of the Merger includes the assembled workforce and synergies associated with the combined entity. The goodwill is not expected to be deductible for tax purposes.

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As a result of the Merger, for the nine months ended September 30, 2018, the Company incurred $1.5 million in total transaction costs which, in accordance with authoritative accounting guidance, were expensed as incurred.

The Company agreed to issue additional shares of common stock for up to $4.3 million upon achievement of post-closing milestones (the “Contingent Consideration”). The first milestone included payment of up to $1.4 million due 10 days after submission of an application for Regulatory Approval (as that term is defined in the Merger agreement) for an indication for regulatory clearance for use of a product that includes specifically recording of muscle activity (EMG). During the quarter ended September 30, 2018, the first milestone was achieved and the Company issued 443,421 shares of common stock as payment. The second milestone includes a potential payment of up to $2.9 million in common stock due 10 days after the receipt of Regulatory Approval from any Regulatory Authority (as those terms are defined in the Merger agreement) for an indication for use of a product that includes specifically EMG. The Contingent Consideration is recorded as a liability and measured at fair value using a probability-weighted income approach, utilizing significant unobservable inputs including the probability of achieving each of the potential milestones and an estimated discount rate related to the risks of the expected cash flows attributable to the milestones. The material factors that may impact the fair value of the Contingent Consideration, and therefore, this liability, are the probabilities of achieving the related milestones and the discount rate.  Significant increases or decreases in any of the probabilities of success would result in a significantly higher or lower fair value, respectively.  The fair value of the Contingent Consideration, and the associated liability relating to the Contingent Consideration at each reporting date, will be re-assessed with the changes in fair value reflected in earnings. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018, the fair value for the Contingent Consideration increased by $0.5 million and $0.6 million due to the proximity of the achievement of the milestones. The amount was recorded within research and development expense on the condensed consolidated statement of operations and a corresponding increase in the liability on the Company’s condensed consolidated balance sheet.

9. Sale of Assets

On May 5, 2017, the Company entered into an agreement to sell certain inventory and intellectual property to a third party for $1.0 million in consideration, payable via a credit to future minimum royalties owed to the third party under an existing exclusive license agreement between the two parties.  The Company recorded a net gain on sale of assets of $0.9 million which is included under operating expenses on the Company’s condensed consolidated statement of operations.

10. Net Loss Per Share

Basic earnings per share (“EPS”) is calculated by dividing the net income or loss available to common stockholders by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding for the period, without consideration for common stock equivalents. Diluted EPS is computed by dividing the net income available to common stockholders by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding for the period and the weighted average number of dilutive common stock equivalents outstanding for the period determined using the treasury-stock method. For purposes of this calculation, common stock subject to repurchase by the Company, convertible preferred stock, options, convertible notes and warrants are considered to be common stock equivalents and are only included in the calculation of diluted earnings per share when their effect is dilutive.

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The following table presents the computation of basic and diluted net loss per share for continuing and discontinued operations (in thousands, except per share amounts):

The anti-dilutive securities not included in diluted net loss per share were as follows calculated on a weighted average basis (in thousands):

11. Stock Benefit Plans and Equity Transactions

Stock Benefit Plans

On October 25, 2018, the Company’s Board of Directors adopted an amendment to the Company’s 2016 Equity Incentive Award Plan (the “Amendment”).  The Amendment increases the maximum aggregate number of shares with respect to one or more stock rights that may be granted to any one person during any fiscal year from 500,000 to 1,250,000. 

Total stock-based compensation for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017 is as follows (in thousands):

The negative stock-based compensation expense recorded within the Company’s research and development expense in 2017 is a result of the revaluation of the Company’s Elite Medical Holdings and Pac 3 Surgical Collaboration liability. The agreement and subsequent termination are described further in Note 12.

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Shares Reserved for Future Issuance

As of September 30, 2018, the Company had reserved shares of its common stock for future issuance as follows (in thousands):

Series A Convertible Preferred Stock

In March 2017, the Company completed a private placement (the “2017 Private Placement”) with certain institutional and accredited investors, including certain directors, executive officers and employees of the Company (collectively, the “Purchasers”), providing for the sale by the Company of 1,809,628 shares of the Company’s common stock at a purchase price of $2.00 per share (the “Common Shares”) and 15,245 shares of newly designated Series A Convertible Preferred Stock at a purchase price of $1,000 per share (which shares were convertible into approximately 7,622,372 shares of common stock.

The 2017 Private Placement generated aggregate gross proceeds to the Company of approximately $18.9 million. The Series A Convertible Preferred Stock are entitled to dividends on an as-if-converted basis in the same form as any dividends actually paid on shares of common stock or other securities. Except as otherwise required by law, the holders of Series A Convertible Preferred Stock have no right to vote on matters submitted to a vote of the Company’s stockholders. Without the prior written consent of 75% of the outstanding shares of Series A Convertible Preferred Stock, the Company may not: (a) alter or change adversely the powers, preferences or rights given to the Series A Convertible Preferred Stock or alter or amend the Certificate of Designation for the Series A Convertible Preferred Stock, (b) amend the Company’s certificate of incorporation or other charter documents in any manner that adversely affects any rights of the holders of Series A Convertible Preferred Stock, (c) increase the number of authorized shares of Series A Convertible Preferred Stock, or (d) enter into any agreement with respect to any of the foregoing. In the event of the dissolution and winding up of the Company, the proceeds available for distribution to the Company’s stockholders shall be distributed pari passu among the holders of the shares of common stock and Series A Convertible Preferred Stock, pro rata based upon the number of shares held by each such holder, as if the outstanding shares of Series A Convertible Preferred Stock were convertible, and were converted, into shares of common stock.

During the nine months ended September 30, 2018, 1,274 shares of Series A Preferred Stock were converted into 636,997 shares of common stock. As of September 30, 2018, there were 4,043 shares of Series A Convertible Preferred Stock outstanding, which are convertible into 2,021,673 shares of Common Stock.

2017 Warrants

In connection with the 2017 Private Placement, the Company issued warrants to purchase up to 9,432,000 shares of the Company’s common stock at an exercise price of $2.00 per share (the “2017 Common Stock Warrants”). The Company also issued warrants to purchase common stock to the exclusive placement agents for the issuance (“the 2017 Banker Warrants”). The 2017 Banker Warrants were for the purchase of up to an aggregate of 471,600 shares of the Company’s common stock with substantially the same terms as the 2017 Common Stock Warrants, except that they have an exercise price equal $2.50 per share.

The 2017 Common Stock Warrants and the 2017 Banker Warrants (collectively, the “2017 Warrants”) expire on June 15, 2022.

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The 2017 Warrants, are exercisable for cash. The exercise price is subject to adjustment in the case of stock dividends or other distributions on shares of common stock or any other equity or equity equivalent securities payable in shares of common stock, stock splits, stock combinations, reclassifications or similar events affecting the Company’s common stock, and also, subject to limitations, upon any distribution of assets, including cash, stock or other property to the Company’s stockholders.

Prior to exercise, holders of the 2017 Warrants do not have any of the rights of holders of the common stock purchasable upon exercise, including voting rights; however, the holders of the 2017 Warrants have certain rights to participate in distributions or dividends paid on the Company’s common stock to the extent set forth in the respective warrant agreements.

The 2017 Warrants may not be exercised by the holder to the extent that the holder, together with its affiliates, would beneficially own, after such exercise more than 4.99% of the shares of the Company’s common stock then outstanding (subject to the right of the holder to increase or decrease such beneficial ownership limitation upon notice to us, provided that such limitation cannot exceed 9.99%) and provided that any increase in the beneficial ownership limitation shall not be effective until 61 days after such notice is delivered.

If the Company effects a fundamental transaction, then upon any subsequent exercise of any 2017 Warrants, the holder thereof shall have the right to receive, for each share of common stock that would have been issuable upon such exercise immediately prior to the occurrence of such fundamental transaction, the number of shares of the successor’s or acquiring corporation’s common stock or of the Company’s common stock, if the Company is the surviving corporation, and any additional consideration receivable as a result of such fundamental transaction by a holder of the number of shares of common stock into which the 2017 Warrants were exercisable immediately prior to such fundamental transaction. In addition, in the event of a fundamental transaction (other than a fundamental transaction not approved by the Company’s Board of Directors), the Company or any successor entity shall, at the holder’s option, purchase the holder’s 2017 Warrants for an amount of cash equal to the value of the 2017 Warrants as determined in accordance with the Black Scholes option pricing model. A fundamental transaction as described in the 2017 Warrants generally includes any merger with or into another entity, sale of all or substantially all of the Company’s assets, tender offer or exchange offer, reclassification of the Company’s common stock or the consummation of a transaction whereby another entity acquires more than 50% of the Company’s outstanding voting stock.

Based on the terms of the 2017 Warrants, the Company may be required to settle such warrants with cash upon a fundamental transaction, as defined. Since potential future cash settlement is deemed to be within the Company’s control, the 2017 Warrants are classified in stockholders’ equity in accordance with the authoritative accounting guidance.

In conjunction with the 2018 Private Placement described further below, a holder of 2.4 million 2017 Warrants exercised 1.7 million 2017 Warrants at the original exercise price of $2.00 per warrant in exchange for the issuance of additional warrants. As a result of the warrant exercise, the Company received gross proceeds of $3.4 million on March 8, 2018. During the second quarter of 2018, the holder exercised the remaining 0.7 million 2017 Warrant shares for additional gross proceeds of $1.4 million.

During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018, excluding the $4.8 million described above, the Company received proceeds of approximately $3.1 million and $4.0 million in connection with the exercise of approximately 1.5 million and 1.9 million of 2017 Common Stock Warrants, respectively. As of September 30, 2018, there were 3,757,000 shares of 2017 Common Stock Warrants outstanding.  

During the nine months ended September 30, 2018, 304,182 of the 2017 Banker Warrants were exercised for total cash proceeds upon exercise of $0.8 million during the period. A total of 167,418 of the 2017 Banker Warrants remained outstanding as of September 30, 2018.

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Series B Convertible Preferred Stock

On March 8, 2018, the Company completed the 2018 Private Placement to certain institutional and accredited investors, including certain directors and executive officers of the Company, providing for the sale by the Company at a purchase price of $1,000 per share, 45,200 of newly designated Series B Convertible Preferred Stock, which shares of preferred stock were converted into 12,617,857 shares of the Company’s common stock upon approval by the Company’s stockholders at the 2018 annual meeting of stockholders held in May 2018, and warrants to purchase up to 12,196,851 shares of common stock at an exercise price of $3.50 per share (the “2018 Common Stock Warrants”). The 2018 Common Stock Warrants became exercisable following stockholder approval at the annual meeting of stockholders, are subject to certain ownership limitations in certain cases, and expire five years after the date of such stockholder approval. The gross proceeds from the 2018 Private Placement were approximately $45.2 million.

A total of 45,200 shares of Series B Convertible Preferred Stock are authorized for issuance under a Certificate of Designation of Preferences, Rights and Limitations of Series B Convertible Preferred Stock of the Company filed with the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware on March 8, 2018 in connection with the closing of the 2018 Private Placement. Each share of Series B Convertible Preferred Stock has a stated value of $1,000 and converted into approximately 317 shares of common stock. On May 17, 2018, the date Stockholder Approval was received, the shares of Series B Convertible Preferred Stock automatically converted into 14,349,236 shares of common stock.

2018 Warrants

The 2018 Common Stock Warrants (the “2018 Warrants”), are exercisable for cash or by cashless exercise. The exercise price of the 2018 Warrants is subject to adjustment in the case of stock dividends or other distributions on shares of common stock or any other equity or equity equivalent securities payable in shares of common stock, stock splits, stock combinations, reclassifications or similar events affecting the Company’s common stock, and also, subject to limitations, upon any distribution of assets, including cash, stock or other property to the Company’s stockholders.

Prior to the exercise, holders of the 2018 Warrants do not have any of the rights of holders of the common stock purchasable upon exercise, including voting rights; however, the holders of the 2018 Warrants have certain rights to participate in distributions or dividends paid on the Company’s common stock to the extent set forth in the 2018 Common Stock Warrants.

Some of the 2018 Warrants may not be exercised by the holder to the extent that the holder, together with its affiliates, would beneficially own, after such exercise more than 4.99% of the shares of the Company’s common stock then outstanding (subject to the right of the holder to increase or decrease such beneficial ownership limitation upon notice to us, provided that such limitation cannot exceed 9.99%) and provided that any increase in the beneficial ownership limitation shall not be effective until 61 days after such notice is delivered.

If the Company effects a fundamental transaction, then upon any subsequent exercise of any 2018 Warrants, the holder thereof shall have the right to receive, for each share of common stock that would have been issuable upon such exercise immediately prior to the occurrence of such fundamental transaction, the number of shares of the successor’s or acquiring corporation’s common stock or of the Company’s common stock, if the Company is the surviving corporation, and any additional consideration receivable as a result of such fundamental transaction by a holder of the number of shares of common stock into which the 2018 Warrants were exercisable immediately prior to such fundamental transaction. A fundamental transaction as described in the 2018 Warrants generally includes any merger with or into another entity, sale of all or substantially all of the Company’s assets, tender offer or exchange offer, reclassification of the Company’s common stock or the consummation of a transaction whereby another entity acquires more than 50% of the Company’s outstanding voting stock.

In addition to the 12,196,851 warrants issued in the 2018 Private Placement, the Company issued 1,275,000 warrants to an existing holder with identical terms to the 2018 Warrants, including the exercise price of $3.50.

All the 2018 Warrants were deemed to qualify for equity classification under authoritative accounting guidance.

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A summary of all outstanding warrants is as follows:

2017 Distributor Inducement Plan

In December 2017, the Board approved and adopted the 2017 Distributor Inducement Plan which authorizes the Company to issue to distributors restricted shares of common stock of the Company and/or warrants to purchase the Company’s common stock. The warrants are issuable with an exercise price equal to the fair market value of the common stock on the date of issuance. Each warrant and common stock issuance is subject to a time-based or net sales-based vesting provision. As of September 30, 2018, 0.3 million warrants and 17,000 shares of common stock were earned under the 2017 Distributor Inducement Plan. Total expense for the plan was $0.1 million and $0.2 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018, respectively.

In December 2017, the Board of Directors also authorized grant of warrants to purchase 50,000 of the Company’s common stock, and 75,000 restricted stock units to a distributor. These warrants and restricted stock units are subject to time based and net sales based vesting conditions.

2017 Development Services Plan

In December 2017, the Board approved and adopted the 2017 Development Services Plan which authorizes the Company to enter into Development Services Agreements with third-party individuals or entities whereby, upon the achievement of certain Company financial and commercial revenue milestones, future royalty payments for product and/or intellectual property development work may be paid in either cash or restricted shares of Company common stock at the option of the developer. Each common stock issuance would be subject to net sales-based vesting provisions and satisfaction of applicable laws and market regulations regarding the issuance of restricted shares to such developers. The Board of Directors authorized the grant of up to 3,000,000 shares of common stock under the Development Services Plan. No common stock elections, grants or cash payouts have been made as of September 30, 2018.

12. Termination and Settlement of Elite Medical Holdings and Pac 3 Surgical Collaboration Agreement

In February 2018, the Company reached a settlement agreement with Elite Medical Holdings and Pac 3 Surgical, pursuant to which the Company made a cash payment of $0.4 million as the final and total compensation under the original agreement.  In addition, the parties agreed to release each other and waive any and all rights and claims arising from the original agreement.  The Company recorded a gain of approximately $6.2 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2018, reflecting the reversal of accrued obligations previously recorded under the collaboration.  

13. Income Taxes

To calculate its interim tax provision, at the end of each interim period the Company estimates the annual effective tax rate and applies that to its ordinary quarterly earnings. In addition, the effect of changes in enacted tax laws or rates or tax status is recognized in the interim period in which the change occurs. The computation of the annual estimated effective tax rate at each interim period requires certain estimates and significant judgment including, but not limited to, the expected operating income for the year, projections of the proportion of income earned and taxed in foreign jurisdictions, permanent and temporary differences between book and tax amounts, and the likelihood of recovering deferred tax assets generated in the current year. The accounting estimates used to compute the provision for income taxes may change as new events occur, additional information is obtained or the tax environment changes.

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Intraperiod tax allocation rules require the Company to allocate the provision for income taxes between continuing operations and other categories of earnings, such as discontinued operations. In periods in which the Company has a year-to-date pre-tax loss from continuing operations and pre-tax income in other categories of earnings, such as discontinued operations, the Company must allocate the tax provision to the other categories of earnings, and then record a related tax benefit in continuing operations.

The unrecognized tax benefits at September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017 were $4.4 million for both periods, with no changes occurring during the nine month period. With the facts and circumstances currently available to the Company, it is reasonably possible that the amount of reserves that could reverse over the next 12 months is approximately $0.1 million. The Company recognizes interest and penalties related to uncertain tax positions as a component of the income tax provision. The Company is not currently under examination by the Internal Revenue Service, foreign, or state or local tax authorities.

The income tax benefit from continuing operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 consists primarily of a release of the valuation allowance due to an increase in net deferred tax liabilities recorded as a result of the acquisition of SafeOp. The Company’s effective tax rate of 9.25% for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 differs from the federal statutory rate of 21% primarily due to the change in the valuation allowance related to the SafeOp acquisition, as noted above.  

The FASB issued ASU 2018-05, Income Taxes (Topic 740): "Amendments to SEC Paragraphs Pursuant to SEC Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 118" to address the application of GAAP in situations when a registrant does not have the necessary information available, prepared, or analyzed (including computations) in reasonable detail to complete the accounting for certain income tax effects of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (the “Act”). At September 30, 2018, the Company has not completed its accounting for all of the tax effects of the Act and has not made an adjustment to the provisional tax benefit recorded under SAB 118 at December 31, 2017.  The Company has estimated its provision for income taxes in accordance with the Act and guidance available as of the date of this filing.  The Company’s estimated annual effective tax rate may be adjusted in subsequent interim periods, due to, among other things, additional analysis, changes in interpretations and assumptions made by the Company, and additional regulatory guidance that may be issued.

14. Related Party Transactions

In July 2016, the Company entered into a forbearance agreement with HealthpointCapital, LLC, HealthpointCapital Partners, L.P., and HealthpointCapital Partners II, L.P. (collectively, "HealthpointCapital"), pursuant to which HealthpointCapital, on behalf of the Company, paid $1.0 million of the $1.1 million payment due and payable by the Company to Orthotec on July 1, 2016 and agreed to not exercise its contractual rights to seek an immediate repayment of such amount. Pursuant to this forbearance agreement, the Company repaid this amount in September 2016.  The Company and HealthpointCapital also entered into an agreement for joint payment of settlement whereby HealthpointCapital has agreed to contribute $5 million to the $49 million Orthotec settlement amount.

During the second quarter of 2018, HealthpointCapital Partners, L.P., and HealthpointCapital Partners II, L.P distributed its holdings in the Company’s common stock to its limited partners. As a result, the fund is no longer a shareholder of the Company as of September 30, 2018. The $5 million receivable from HealthpointCapital, LLC continues to be classified within stockholders’ equity on the Company’s condensed consolidated balance sheet due to the related party nature with HealthpointCapital affiliates.

Certain of the Company’s board of directors and senior management participated in the March 2017 and 2018 Private Placements.

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15. Restructuring

In connection with the sale of the International Business (described in Note 4), the Company terminated employment agreements with several executive officers, including the chief executive officer and the chief financial officer, and commenced an employee headcount reduction program.  In conjunction with the restructuring program, the Company recorded restructuring expenses related to severance liabilities and post-employment benefits. A rollforward of the accrued restructuring liability is presented below (in thousands):

All activities and costs are expected to be completed during early 2019.

Additionally, on July 6, 2015, the Company announced a restructuring of its manufacturing operations in California in an effort to improve its cost structure. The restructuring included a reduction in workforce and closing the California manufacturing facility in 2017. The Company incurred expenses of $0.1 million and $0.3 million during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017, respectively, related to these restructuring activities. There was no expense attributed to this transaction for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018.

16. Subsequent Event

Equity Plan Amendment

As further described in Note 11, on October 25, 2018, the Company’s Board of Directors adopted an amendment to the Company’s 2016 Equity Incentive Award Plan. 

Credit Agreement with Squadron

On November 6, 2018, the Company closed a $35 million Term Loan with Squadron, a provider of debt financing to growing companies in the orthopedic industry.  Net proceeds of approximately $33.8 million, after estimated expenses, were used to retire the Company’s existing $29.2 million term debt with Globus. The remainder of the proceeds will be used for general corporate purposes.

The debt has a five-year maturity and bears interest at LIBOR plus 8% (currently 10.3%) per annum. Interest-only payments are due monthly through May 2021, followed by $10 million in principal payable in 29 equal monthly installments beginning June 2021 and a $25 million lump-sum payment payable at maturity in November 2023.

In connection with the financing, the Company issued warrants to Squadron to purchase 845,000 shares of common stock at an exercise price of $3.15 per share.  The warrants have a seven-year term and are immediately exercisable.

Termination of Globus Facility Agreement

On November 7, 2018, the Company repaid in full all amounts outstanding and due under the Globus Facility Agreement. The Company made a final payment of $29.2 million to Globus, consisting of outstanding principal and accrued interest.

Amendment to MidCap Facility Agreement

On November 6, 2018, the Company entered into the MidCap Amendment to extend the date that the financial covenants of the MidCap Facility are effective from April 2019 to April 2020, and extended the minimum liquidity covenant through March 2020.

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You should read the following management's discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations in conjunction with our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements and the related notes thereto that appear elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and the audited consolidated financial statements and notes thereto and under the heading "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations" in our Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”), on March 9, 2018. In addition to historical information the following management’s discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations includes forward-looking information that involves risks, uncertainties, and assumptions. Our actual results and the timing of events could differ materially from those anticipated by these forward-looking statements as a result of many factors, such as those set forth under “Risk Factors” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2017 and any updates to those risk factors filed from time to time in our subsequent periodic and current reports filed with the SEC.

Overview

We are a medical technology company focused on the design, development, and advancement of technology for better surgical treatment of spinal disorders. Our mission is to become the most respected, fastest growing U.S. spine company, by providing innovative, spine surgery solutions through our relentless pursuit of superior outcomes. We have a broad product portfolio designed to address the majority of U.S. market for fusion-based spinal disorder solutions.  We intend to drive growth by exploiting our collective spine experience and investing in the research and development to continually differentiate our solutions and improve spine surgery. We believe our future success will be fueled by introducing market-shifting innovation to the spine market, and we believe that we are well-positioned to capitalize on current spine market dynamics.  

We market and sell our products in the U.S. through a network of independent distributors and direct sales representatives. An objective of our leadership team is to deliver increasingly consistent, predictable growth.  To accomplish this, we have partnered more closely with new and existing distributors to create a more dedicated and loyal sales channel for the future. We have added, and intend to continue to add, new high-quality dedicated distributors to expand future growth. We believe this will allow us to reach an untapped market of surgeons, hospitals, and national accounts across the U.S., as well as better penetrate existing accounts and territories.

We have made significant progress in the transition of our sales channel since early 2017, driving the percent of sales contributed by dedicated agents from 31% in the third quarter of 2017 to 63% in the third quarter of 2018.  Going forward, we intend to continue to relentlessly drive toward a fully exclusive network of independent and direct sales agents.  Recent consolidation in the industry is facilitating the process, as large, seasoned agents are seeking opportunities to re-enter the spine market by partnering with spine-focused companies that have broad, growing product portfolios.  

Recent Developments

In March 2018, we entered into financing transactions to raise an aggregate of $50 million, through a $45.2 million private placement of Series B Convertible Preferred Stock and warrants exercisable for common stock, and a warrant exercise agreement with a holder of an existing warrant for an aggregate consideration of $4.8 million. On May 17, 2018, our stockholders approved the financing transactions and the shares of Series B Convertible Preferred Stock automatically converted into 14,349,236 shares of common stock. The private placement was led by L-5 Healthcare Partners, LLC, a healthcare-dedicated institutional investor, and included certain of our directors and executive officers, as well as other new and existing institutional and independent investors.  We used a portion of the net proceeds from the private placement and warrant exercise to fund the $14.3 million paid during the nine months ended September 30, 2018 of the total $15.1 million cash portion of the purchase price for SafeOp, a privately-held provider of neuromonitoring technology designed to enable effective intra-operative nerve health assessment.  With the full integration of SafeOp’s technology, we expect to be able to introduce an unprecedented level of neuromonitoring and intraoperative nerve safety to the spine market in early 2019.  SafeOp’s patented technology has been designed to enable both nerve avoidance and nerve health assessment to prevent the risk of nerve injury that is widely associated with direct lateral spine fusion surgery. We expect to use the remainder of the financing for general corporate purposes including the integration of next-generation neuromonitoring solutions, advancement of our product pipeline, and investment in sales and marketing to expand our market presence.

In November 2018, the Company entered into a Credit, Security and Guaranty Agreement (the “Credit Agreement”) with Squadron Medical Finance Solutions LLC (“Squadron”) for a $35.0 million secured term loan (the “Term Loan”). The majority of the proceeds of the Term Loan were used to retire the Company’s existing $29.2 million term debt with Globus.

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Sale of International Business

On September 1, 2016, we completed the sale of our international distribution operations and agreements, including our wholly-owned subsidiaries in Japan, Brazil, Australia, China and Singapore and substantially all of the assets of our other sales operations in the United Kingdom and Italy (“International Business”), to an affiliate of Globus (“Globus Transaction”). Following the closing of the Globus Transaction, we now operate in the U.S. market only and are restricted from marketing and selling our products in foreign markets pursuant to the terms and conditions, and for the time periods, set forth in the definitive documents related to the Globus Transaction.

Revenue and Expense Components

The following is a description of the primary components of our revenues and expenses:

Revenues. We derive our revenues primarily from the sale of spinal surgery implants used in the treatment of spine disorders. Spinal implant products include pedicle screws and complementary implants, interbody devices, plates, and tissue-based materials. Our revenues are generated by our direct sales force and independent distributors. Our products are requested directly by surgeons and shipped and billed to hospitals and surgical centers.  Currently, most of our business is conducted with customers within markets in which we have experience and with payment terms that are customary to our business. We may defer revenues until the time of collection if circumstances related to payment terms, regional market risk or customer history indicate that collectability is not reasonably assured.

Cost of revenues. Cost of revenues consists of direct product costs, royalties, milestones, depreciation of our surgical instruments, and the amortization of purchased intangibles. Our product costs consist primarily of direct labor, overhead, and raw materials and components. The product costs of certain of our biologics products include the cost of procuring and processing human tissue. We incur royalties related to the technologies that we license from others and the products that are developed in part by surgeons with whom we collaborate in the product development process. Amortization of purchased intangibles consists of amortization of developed product technology.

Research and development. Research and development expense consists of costs associated with the design, development, testing, and enhancement of our products. Research and development expense also includes salaries and related employee benefits, research-related overhead expenses, fees paid to external service providers in both cash and equity, and costs associated with our Scientific Advisory Board and Executive Surgeon Panels.

Sales and marketing. Sales and marketing expense consists primarily of salaries and related employee benefits, sales commissions and support costs, professional service fees, travel, medical education, trade show and marketing costs.

General and administrative. General and administrative expense consists primarily of salaries and related employee benefits, professional service fees, insurance and legal expenses.

Transaction related expenses. Reflects the recognition of transaction expense incurred as part of the SafeOp acquisition.

Gain on Settlement. Gain on Settlement consists of a gain of approximately $6.2 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 as a result of the settlement agreement with Elite Medical Holdings and Pac 3 Surgical, pursuant to which we made a cash payment of $0.4 million as the final and total compensation under the collaboration and related amendment.  The gain reflects the reversal of accrued obligations previously recorded under the collaboration.  

Restructuring expenses. Restructuring expense consists of severance, social plan benefits and related taxes in connection with our ongoing cost rationalization efforts, including the termination of our manufacturing operations in California in 2017.

Total other income (expense). Total other income (expense) includes interest income, interest expense, changes in the fair value of the warrant liabilities, gains and losses from foreign currency exchanges and other non-operating gains and losses.

Income tax benefit. Income tax benefit from continuing operations primarily consists of release of the valuation allowance from the SafeOp acquisition, partially offset by state taxes.

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Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

Our discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations is based upon our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements, which have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the U.S. The preparation of these financial statements requires us to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues, expenses and related disclosures. On an on-going basis, we evaluate our estimates and assumptions, including those related to revenue recognition, allowances for accounts receivable, inventories and intangible assets, stock-based compensation and income taxes. We base our estimates on historical experience and on various other assumptions that we believe to be reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. Actual results may differ from these estimates under different assumption conditions.

Critical accounting policies are those that, in management’s view, are most important in the portrayal of our financial condition and results of operations. Aside from newly implemented accounting policies related to revenues discussed below and for the changes disclosed in Note 2 to the Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements included in Item 1, Part I of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, management believes there have been no material changes during the nine months ended September 30, 2018 to the critical accounting policies discussed in the Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations section of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2017 filed with the SEC on March 9, 2018.

Revenue Recognition

The Company recognizes revenue from license and collaboration agreements in accordance with Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) Topic 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (“Topic 606”). The adoption of this guidance did not have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements. This standard applies to all contracts with customers, except for contracts that are within the scope of other standards, such as leases, insurance, collaboration arrangements and financial instruments.  Under Topic 606, an entity recognizes revenue when its customer obtains control of promised goods or services, in an amount that reflects the consideration that the entity expects to receive in exchange for those goods or services.  To determine revenue recognition for arrangements that an entity determines are within the scope of Topic 606, the entity performs the following five steps: (i) identify the contract(s) with a customer; (ii) identify the performance obligations in the contract; (iii) determine the transaction price; (iv) allocate the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract; and (v) recognize revenue when (or as) the entity satisfies a performance obligation.  The Company only applies the five-step model to contracts when it is probable that the entity will collect the consideration it is entitled to in exchange for the goods or services it transfers to the customer.  At contract inception, once the contract is determined to be within the scope of Topic 606, the Company assesses the goods or services promised within each contract and determines those that are performance obligations, and assesses whether each promised good or service is distinct.  The Company then recognizes as revenue the amount of the transaction price that is allocated to the respective performance obligation when (or as) the performance obligation is satisfied.

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Results of Operations

The tables below set forth certain statements of operations data for the periods indicated (in thousands). Our historical results are not necessarily indicative of the operating results that may be expected in the future. The amounts included for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 reflects results from our newly acquired subsidiary from the period of March 9, 2018 through September 30, 2018.