Altimmune, Inc. - Quarter Report: 2016 March (Form 10-Q)

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

(Mark One)

For the quarterly period ended March 31, 2016

or

Commission File Number:  001-32587

PHARMATHENE, INC.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

(410) 269-2600

(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.  Yes x   No ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data file required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files).  Yes x   No ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company.  See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer” and “smaller reporting company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act).  Yes ¨   No x

Indicate the number of shares outstanding of each of the issuer’s classes of common stock, as of the latest practicable date:    The number of shares of the registrant’s Common Stock, par value $0.0001 per share, outstanding as of May 1, 2016 was 65,591,840.

PHARMATHENE, INC.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Part I — FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1.  Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

PHARMATHENE, INC.

UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

PHARMATHENE, INC.

UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

PHARMATHENE, INC.

UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE (LOSS) INCOME

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

PHARMATHENE, INC.

UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

PHARMATHENE, INC.

Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

March 31, 2016

Note 1 - Business and Liquidity

We are a biodefense company engaged in developing two next generation anthrax vaccines. The next generation vaccines are intended to have more rapid time to protection, fewer doses for protection and less stringent requirements for temperature controlled storage and handling than the currently used vaccine.

Since 2006, we have been engaged in legal proceedings with SIGA Technologies, Inc. (“SIGA”). On December 23, 2015, the Delaware Supreme Court affirmed the Delaware Court of Chancery's judgment against SIGA which provides an estimated total award of approximately $208 million as of March 31, 2016 plus additional interest. On April 8, 2016, the Bankruptcy Court entered an order confirming SIGA’s third amended Reorganization Plan (the “Plan”) effective April 12, 2016 which provides for SIGA to emerge from bankruptcy and provides various alternatives for the final resolution of our litigation claim against SIGA during 2016. Under the Plan, we received an initial payment of $5 million from SIGA during April 2016 and during May 2016, received approximately $0.9 million, calculated by SIGA as interest on the judgment for the period of April 12, 2016 through April 30, 2016.

During the first half of 2015, we narrowed the scope of our product development programs, reduced our employee headcount and executed other cost reductions. These actions have allowed us to have sufficient cash to recognize the benefit of the SIGA award and advance our Anthrax vaccine programs without the need to raise additional capital. During the second half of 2015, we focused our efforts on creating alternatives for settling the SIGA litigation claim and developing business plans around possible outcomes.

During 2016, we will continue to develop our plans to create shareholder value from the alternative SIGA litigation outcomes and will commence execution of those plans.

On September 9, 2014, we signed a contract with the National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (“NIAID") for the development of a next generation lyophilized anthrax vaccine based on our proprietary technology platform which contributes the recombinant protective antigen (“rPA”) bulk drug substance that is used in the liquid SparVax^® formulation. The contract is incrementally funded. Over the base period of the contract, we were awarded initial funding of approximately $5.2 million, which includes a cost reimbursement component and a fixed fee component payable upon achievement of certain milestones. NIAID exercised the first and second options under this agreement in September 2015 and December 2015, respectively. The exercised options provide additional funding of approximately $4.9 million and an extension of the period of performance through April 30, 2017. The contract has a total value of up to approximately $28.1 million, if all technical milestones are met and all eight contract options are exercised by NIAID. If NIAID exercises all options, the contract would last approximately five years. If NIAID does not exercise any additional options, the contract would expire by its terms on April 30, 2017.

As of March 31, 2016, our cash balance was $14.2 million, our accounts receivable (billed and unbilled) balance was $1.4 million, and our current liabilities were $2.6 million. We believe, based on the operating cash requirements and capital expenditures expected for 2016, the Company’s cash on hand at March 31, 2016 plus the $5 million initial payment received from SIGA during April 2016 and approximately $0.9 million, calculated by SIGA as interest, and received from SIGA during May 2016, is adequate to fund operations for at least the next twelve months.

Note 2 - Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Basis of Presentation

Our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of PharmAthene, Inc. and its wholly-owned subsidiary. All significant intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated in consolidation. Our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States (“U.S. GAAP”). In the opinion of management, the accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements include all adjustments, consisting of normal recurring adjustments, which are necessary to present fairly our financial position, results of operations and cash flows. The condensed consolidated balance sheet at December 31, 2015 has been derived from audited consolidated financial statements at that date. The interim results of operations are not necessarily indicative of the results that may occur for the full fiscal year. Certain information and footnote disclosure normally included in the financial statements prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP have been condensed or omitted pursuant to instructions, rules and regulations prescribed by the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”). We believe that the disclosures provided herein are adequate to make the information presented not misleading when these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements are read in conjunction with the Consolidated Financial Statements and Notes included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2015, filed with the SEC. We currently operate in one business segment.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements, and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements include significant estimates for our share-based compensation and the value of our financial instruments, among other things. Because of the use of estimates inherent in the financial reporting process, actual results could differ significantly from those estimates.

Foreign Currency Translation

The functional currency of our wholly owned foreign subsidiary, PharmAthene UK Limited, is its local currency. Assets and liabilities of our foreign subsidiary are translated into United States dollars based on exchange rates at the end of the reporting period. Income and expense items are translated at the weighted average exchange rates prevailing during the reporting period. Translation adjustments for subsidiaries that have not been sold, substantially liquidated or otherwise disposed of, are accumulated in other comprehensive loss, a component of stockholders’ equity. Transaction gains or losses are included in the determination of net loss.

In June 2015, we substantially liquidated PharmAthene UK Limited, which we had acquired in 2008. Prior to substantially liquidating the UK subsidiary, currency fluctuations were recorded as foreign currency translation adjustments, a component of other comprehensive income.

Cash and Cash Equivalents

Cash and cash equivalents are stated at market value which approximates market value and include investments in money market funds with financial institutions which are stated at market value. The Company maintains cash balances with financial institutions in excess of insured limits. The Company does not anticipate any losses on such cash balances.

Significant Customers and Accounts Receivable

Our primary customer is NIAID. As of March 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015, the Company’s receivable balances (both billed and unbilled) were comprised solely of receivables from NIAID.

Goodwill

Goodwill represents the excess of purchase price over the fair value of net identifiable assets associated with acquisitions. We review the recoverability of goodwill annually at the end of our fiscal year and whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that it is more likely than not that impairment exists. Recoverability of goodwill is reviewed by comparing our market value (as measured by our stock price multiplied by the number of outstanding shares as of the end of the year) to the net book value of our equity. If our market value exceeds our net book value, no further analysis is required. We completed our annual impairment assessment of goodwill on December 31, 2015 and determined that there was no impairment as of that date. Changes in our business strategy or adverse changes in market conditions could impact the impairment analyses and require the recognition of an impairment charge equal to the excess of the carrying value over its estimated fair value.

Accrued Restructuring Expense

Accrued restructuring expense as of March 31, 2016 is as follows: 

Fair Value of Financial Instruments

Our financial instruments, and/or embedded features contained in those instruments, often are classified as derivative liabilities and are recorded at their fair values. The determination of fair value of these instruments and features requires estimates and judgments. Some of our stock purchase warrants are considered to be derivative liabilities due to the presence of net settlement features and/or non-standard anti-dilution provisions; the fair value of our warrants is determined based on the Black-Scholes option pricing model. Use of the Black-Scholes option pricing model requires the use of unobservable inputs such as the expected term, anticipated volatility and expected dividends. See Note 3- Fair Value Measurements for further details.

Revenue Recognition

We generate our revenue from cost-plus-fee contracts and in the past, have generated revenue from fixed price contracts.

Revenues on cost-plus-fee contracts are recognized in an amount equal to the costs incurred during the period plus an estimate of the applicable fee earned. The estimate of the applicable fee earned is determined by reference to the contract: if the contract defines the fee in terms of risk-based milestones and specifies the fees to be earned upon the completion of each milestone, then the fee is recognized when the related milestones are earned, as further described below; otherwise, we estimate the fee earned in a given period by using a proportional performance method based on costs incurred during the period as compared to total estimated project costs and application of the resulting fraction to the total project fee specified in the contract.

Under the milestone method of revenue recognition, milestone payments (including milestone payments for fees) contained in research and development arrangements are recognized as revenue when: (i) the milestones are achieved; (ii) no further performance obligations with respect to the milestone exist; (iii) collection is reasonably assured; and (iv) substantive effort was necessary to achieve the milestone.

Milestones are considered substantive if all of the following conditions are met:

If a milestone is deemed not to be substantive, the Company recognizes the portion of the milestone payment as revenue that correlates to work already performed using the proportional performance method; the remaining portion of the milestone payment is deferred and recognized as revenue as the Company completes its performance obligations.

Revenue on fixed price contracts (without substantive milestones as described above) is recognized on the percentage-of-completion method. The percentage-of-completion method recognizes income as the contract progresses (generally related to the costs incurred in providing the services required under the contract). The use of the percentage-of-completion method depends on the ability to make reasonable dependable estimates and the fact that circumstances may necessitate frequent revision of estimates does not indicate that the estimates are unreliable for the purpose for which they are used.

As a result of our revenue recognition policies and the billing provisions contained in our contracts, the timing of customer billings may differ from the timing of recognizing revenue. Amounts invoiced to customers in excess of revenue recognized are reflected on the balance sheet as deferred revenue. Amounts recognized as revenue in excess of amounts billed to customers are reflected on the balance sheet as unbilled accounts receivable.

Upon notice of termination of a contract from the government, all related termination costs are expensed. If there is assurance that collection is reasonably assured, then revenue is taken as if the contract was a cost-plus-fee contract.

Collaborative Arrangements

Even though most of our products are being developed in conjunction with support by the U.S. Government, we are an active participant in that development, with exposure to significant risks and rewards of commercialization relating to the development of these pipeline products. In collaborations where we are deemed to be the principal participant of the collaboration, we recognize costs and revenues generated from third parties using the gross basis of accounting; otherwise, we use the net basis of accounting. Cost paid to us by other collaborative arrangement members are recognized pursuant to their terms.

Research and Development

Research and development costs are expensed as incurred; up-front payments are deferred and expensed as performance occurs. Research and development costs include salaries, facilities expense, overhead expenses, material and supplies, preclinical expense, clinical trials and related clinical manufacturing expenses, share-based compensation expense, contract services and other outside services.

Share-Based Compensation

We expense the estimated fair value of share-based awards granted to employees, non-employee directors and consultants under our stock compensation plans.

The fair value of stock options granted to employees and non-employee directors is determined at the grant date using the Black-Scholes option pricing model, which considers, among other factors, the expected life of the award and the expected volatility of our stock price. The value of the award that is ultimately expected to vest is recognized as expense on a straight line basis over the requisite service period.

The fair value of stock options granted to consultants is determined at the grant date using the Black-Scholes option pricing model and remeasured at each quarterly reporting date over their requisite service period. The value of the award that is ultimately expected to vest is recognized as expense on a straight line basis over the requisite service period.

The fair value of restricted stock grants granted to employees and non-employee directors is determined based on the closing price of our common stock on the award date and is recognized as expense ratably over the requisite service period.

The fair value of restricted stock grants granted to consultants is determined based on the closing price of our common stock on the award date, is remeasured at each quarterly reporting date and is recognized as expense ratably over the requisite service period.

Employee share-based compensation expense recognized in the three months ended March 31, 2016 and 2015 was calculated based on awards ultimately expected to vest and has been reduced for estimated forfeitures at a rate of approximately 12%, based on historical forfeitures.

Share-based compensation expense for the three months ended March 31, 2016 and 2015 was as follows:

As a result of the restructuring and termination of employees, during the three months ended March 31, 2015, we recognized approximately $75,000 of share-based compensation expense resulting from our agreement to extend the exercise period of the vested stock options for several of the executives who were terminated. In addition, approximately $129,000 of previously recognized share-based compensation expense was reversed for unvested stock options forfeited as a result of the restructuring and termination of employees. The $53,741 net reversal of share-based compensation expense is reflected in restructuring benefit in the above table.

During the three months ended March 31, 2016, we made no stock option or restricted stock grants. During the three months ended March 31, 2015, we granted 12,000 options and made 117,500 shares of restricted stock grants to employees. At March 31, 2016, we had total unrecognized share-based compensation expense related to unvested awards of approximately $1.0 million net of estimated forfeitures, which we expect to recognize as expense over a weighted-average period of 1.9 years.

Income Taxes

We account for income taxes using the asset and liability approach, which requires the recognition of future tax benefits or liabilities on the temporary differences between the financial reporting and tax bases of our assets and liabilities. A valuation allowance is established when necessary to reduce deferred tax assets to the amounts expected to be realized. We also recognize a tax benefit from uncertain tax positions only if it is “more likely than not” that the position is sustainable based on its technical merits. Our policy is to recognize interest and penalties on uncertain tax positions as a component of income tax expense. As of March 31, 2016, we had recognized a full valuation allowance since the likelihood of realization of our tax deferred assets does not meet the more likely than not threshold.

Income tax expense was $0.02 million during each of the three months ended March 31, 2016 and 2015, relating exclusively to the generation of a deferred tax liability associated with the tax amortization of goodwill, which is included as a component of other long-term liabilities on our consolidated balance sheets.

Basic and Diluted Net Loss Per Share

Income (loss) per share:  Basic income (loss) per share is computed by dividing consolidated net income (loss) by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period, excluding unvested restricted stock.

For periods of net income when the effects are not anti-dilutive, diluted earnings per share is computed by dividing our net income by the weighted average number of shares outstanding and the impact of all potentially dilutive common shares, consisting  primarily of stock options, unvested restricted stock and stock purchase warrants. The dilutive impact of our potentially dilutive common shares resulting from stock options and stock purchase warrants is determined by applying the treasury stock method.

For periods of net loss, diluted loss per share is calculated similarly to basic loss per share because the impact of all potentially dilutive common shares is anti-dilutive due to the net losses. A total of approximately 6.2 million and 4.9 million potentially dilutive securities have been excluded in the calculation of diluted net loss per share in the three months ended March 31, 2016 and 2015, respectively, because their inclusion would be anti-dilutive.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

In May 2014, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) No. 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606) (“ASU No. 2014-09”). ASU No. 2014-09 supersedes the previous revenue recognition requirements, along with most existing industry-specific guidance. The guidance requires an entity to review contracts in five steps: 1) identify the contract, 2) identify performance obligations, 3) determine the transaction price, 4) allocate the transaction price, and 5) recognize revenue. The new standard will result in enhanced disclosures regarding the nature, amount, timing, and uncertainty of revenue arising from contracts with customers. In August 2015, the FASB issued guidance approving a one-year deferral, making the standard effective for reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2017, with early adoption permitted only for reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2016. In March 2016, the FASB issued guidance to clarify the implementation guidance on principal versus agent considerations for reporting revenue gross rather than net, with the same deferred effective date. In April 2016, the FASB issued guidance to clarify the identification of performance obligations and licensing arrangements. The Company has not determined the impact of adopting ASU No. 2014-09 on our consolidated financial statements and currently plan to complete our evaluation by late 2017.

In August 2014, the FASB issued ASU No. 2014-15, Presentation of Financial Statements, Going Concern (Subtopic 205-40) which requires management to evaluate on a regular basis whether any conditions or events have arisen that could raise substantial doubt about the entity's ability to continue as a going concern. The guidance 1) provides a definition for the term “substantial doubt,” 2) requires an evaluation every reporting period, interim periods included, 3) provides principles for considering the mitigating effect of management's plans to alleviate the substantial doubt, 4) requires certain disclosures if the substantial doubt is alleviated as a result of management's plans, 5) requires an express statement, as well as other disclosures, if the substantial doubt is not alleviated, and 6) requires an assessment period of one year from the date the financial statements are issued. The standard is effective for the annual reporting period beginning after December 31, 2016. Early adoption is permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the impact, if any, that this new accounting pronouncement will have on its financial statements.

In April 2015, the FASB issued ASU No. 2015-05, Intangibles, Goodwill and Other Internal-Use Software which includes guidance as to whether a cloud computing arrangement (e.g., software as a service, platform as a service, infrastructure as a service, and other similar hosting arrangements) includes a software license and, based on that determination, how to account for such arrangements. If a cloud computing arrangement includes a software license, then the customer should account for the software license element of the arrangement consistent with the acquisition of other software licenses. If a cloud computing arrangement does not include a software license, the customer should account for the arrangement as a service contract. The guidance is effective for reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2015, and can be adopted on either a prospective or retrospective basis. The Company adopted this guidance for the year ended December 31, 2016, on a prospective basis. The adoption of this new guidance did not have a material impact on the Company's financial statements.

In November 2015, the FASB issued ASU No. 2015-17, Income Taxes, or ASU No. 2015-17. To simplify the presentation of deferred income taxes, the amendments in this update require that deferred tax liabilities and assets be classified as noncurrent in a classified statement of financial position. The amendments in this Update apply to all entities that present a classified statement of financial position. The current requirement that deferred tax liabilities and assets of a tax-paying component of an entity be offset and presented as a single amount is not affected by the amendments in this Update. The amendments in this Update are effective for financial statements issued for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2016, and interim periods within those annual periods. Earlier application is permitted. The amendments in this Update may be applied either prospectively to all deferred tax liabilities and assets or retrospectively to all periods presented. We are currently evaluating the impact of adopting ASU No. 2015-17 on our consolidated financial statements.

In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842) to increase transparency and comparability among organizations by recognizing lease assets and lease liabilities on the balance sheet and disclosing key information about leasing arrangements. Topic 842 affects any entity that enters into a lease, with some specified scope exemptions. The guidance in this Update supersedes Topic 840, Leases. The core principle of Topic 842 is that a lessee should recognize the assets and liabilities that arise from leases. A lessee should recognize in the statement of financial position a liability to make lease payments (the lease liability) and a right-of-use asset representing its right to use the underlying asset for the lease term. For public companies, the amendments in this Update are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, including interim periods within those fiscal years. We are currently evaluating the impact of adopting ASU No. 2016-02 on our consolidated financial statements.

In March 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-09, Compensation – Stock Compensation, or ASU No. 2016-09. The areas for simplification in this Update involve several aspects of the accounting for share-based payment transactions, including the income tax consequences, classification of awards as either equity or liabilities, and classification on the statement of cash flows. For public entities, the amendments in this Update are effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2016, and interim periods within those annual periods. Early adoption is permitted in any interim or annual period. If an entity early adopts the amendments in an interim period, any adjustments should be reflected as of the beginning of the fiscal year that includes that interim period. An entity that elects early adoption must adopt all of the amendments in the same period. Amendments related to the timing of when excess tax benefits are recognized, minimum statutory withholding requirements, forfeitures, and intrinsic value should be applied using a modified retrospective transition method by means of a cumulative-effect adjustment to equity as of the beginning of the period in which the guidance is adopted. Amendments related to the presentation of employee taxes paid on the statement of cash flows when an employer withholds shares to meet the minimum statutory withholding requirement should be applied retrospectively. Amendments requiring recognition of excess tax benefits and tax deficiencies in the income statement and the practical expedient for estimating expected term should be applied prospectively. An entity may elect to apply the amendments related to the presentation of excess tax benefits on the statement of cash flows using either a prospective transition method or a retrospective transition method. We are currently evaluating the impact of adopting ASU No. 2016-09 on our consolidated financial statements.

Note 3 - Fair Value Measurements

The carrying amounts of our short-term financial instruments, which primarily include cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable (billed and unbilled), and accounts payable, approximate their fair values due to their short-term maturities. We define fair value as the exchange price that would be received for an asset or paid to transfer a liability (an exit price) in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. We report assets and liabilities that are measured at fair value using a three-level fair value hierarchy that prioritizes the inputs used to measure fair value. This hierarchy maximizes the use of observable inputs and minimizes the use of unobservable inputs. The three levels of inputs used to measure fair value are as follows:

An asset’s or liability’s level within the fair value hierarchy is based on the lowest level of any input that is significant to the fair value measurement. At each reporting period, we perform a detailed analysis of our assets and liabilities that are measured at fair value. All assets and liabilities for which the fair value measurement is based on significant unobservable inputs or instruments which trade infrequently and therefore have little or no price transparency are classified as Level 3.

We have segregated our financial assets and liabilities that are measured at fair value into the most appropriate level within the fair value hierarchy based on the inputs used to determine the fair value at the measurement date in the table below. We have no non-financial assets and liabilities that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis.

Assets and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis

The following table represents the Company’s fair value hierarchy for its financial assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis:

As of March 31, 2016, the Company did not have any transfers between Level 1 and Level 2 assets.

The following table sets forth a summary of changes in the fair value of the Company’s Level 3 liabilities for the three months ended March 31, 2016 and 2015:

At March 31, 2016 and 2015, derivative liabilities are comprised of warrants to purchase 1,275,419 and 1,775,419 shares of common stock, respectively. The warrants are considered to be derivative liabilities due to the presence of net settlement features and/or non-standard anti-dilution provisions, and as a result, are recorded at fair value at each balance sheet date. The fair value of our warrants is determined based on the Black-Scholes option pricing model. Use of the Black-Scholes option pricing model requires the use of unobservable inputs such as the expected term, anticipated volatility and expected dividends. Changes in any of the assumptions related to the unobservable inputs identified above may change the stock purchase warrants’ fair value; increases in expected term, anticipated volatility and expected dividends generally result in increases in fair value, while decreases in the unobservable inputs generally result in decreases in fair value. Unrealized gains and losses on the fair value adjustments for these derivative instruments are classified in other income (expense) as the change in fair value of derivative instruments in our unaudited condensed consolidated statements of operations.

Assets and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value on a Non-Recurring Basis

The Company measures its long-lived assets, including, property and equipment and goodwill, at fair value on a non-recurring basis. These assets are recognized at fair value when they are deemed to be other-than-temporarily impaired. (See Note 2- Summary of Significant Accounting Policies). As of March 31, 2016, the Company had no other assets or liabilities that were measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis.

Note 4 - Commitments and Contingencies

SIGA Litigation

In December 2006, we filed a complaint against SIGA in the Delaware Court of Chancery. The complaint alleged, among other things, that we have the right to license exclusively the development and marketing rights for SIGA’s drug candidate, Tecovirimat, also known as ST-246^®, pursuant to a merger agreement between the parties that was terminated in 2006. The complaint also alleged that SIGA failed to negotiate in good faith the terms of such a license pursuant to the terminated merger agreement with us.

In September 2014, SIGA filed a voluntary petition for relief under Chapter 11 of the United States Bankruptcy Code in the U.S. Bankruptcy Court for the Southern District of New York (the “Bankruptcy Court”). SIGA’s petition for bankruptcy initiated a process whereby its assets were protected from creditors, including PharmAthene.

In January 2015, after years of litigation, the Delaware Court of Chancery issued a Final Order and Judgment, finding that we are entitled to receive a lump sum award of $194.6 million, or the Total Judgment, comprised of (1) expectation damages of $113.1 million for the value of the Company’s lost profits for Tecovirimat, plus (2) pre-judgment interest on that amount from 2006 and varying percentages of the Company’s reasonable attorneys’ and expert witness fees, totaling $81.5 million. Under the Final Order and Judgment, PharmAthene is also entitled to post-judgment simple interest.

On December 23, 2015, the Delaware Supreme Court affirmed the Delaware Court of Chancery's decision as a result of which, with additional post-judgment interest, if calculated based on the original decision, would provide for an estimated total award of approximately $205 million.

On April 8, 2016, the Bankruptcy Court entered an order confirming SIGA’s Plan effective April 12, 2016 which provides for among other things, the process by which SIGA may emerge from bankruptcy, which includes the process by which our Judgment may be satisfied. The Plan provides generally that we will receive, in full settlement and satisfaction of our claim, no later than 120 days plus another potential 90 days after March 23, 2016 (generally considered to be no later than October 19, 2016), one of the following, determined in SIGA’s sole discretion:

If SIGA does not make its choice or satisfy the judgment in the manner in which it has chosen by October 19, 2016, we will receive 100% of SIGA by October 24, 2016.

From and after the Effective date (April 12, 2016), SIGA will compute interest on the outstanding balance of the judgment and pay us in arrears monthly. The interest will be computed at a rate of 8.75%. If SIGA decides to extend the 120 day period by an additional 90 days, the interest will be computed at the Delaware judgment interest rate which is currently 6%.

Under the Plan, we received an initial payment of $5 million from SIGA during April 2016 and during May 2016, received a first monthly payment calculated by SIGA as interest of approximately $0.9 million for the period April 12, 2016 through April 30, 2016. SIGA is required to pay us $20 million if it decides to extend the 120 day period by an additional 90 days. The payments are creditable against the final judgment and are not refundable.

The description of the Plan provided above is a brief summary of the Plan, which includes numerous other conditions and substantive provisions relating to the operation of the business of SIGA. Copies of the Plan are available from the Bankruptcy Court. For a description of risks related to our ability to recognize value relating to this litigation, see the “Risk Factors” section of our annual report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2015, filed with the SEC on March 11, 2016.

There can be no assurances if and when the Company will receive any additional payments from SIGA as a result of the Judgment. SIGA has indicated in filings with the Bankruptcy Court that it does not currently have cash sufficient to satisfy the award. It is also uncertain whether SIGA will have such cash in the future. Our ability to collect the Judgment depends upon a number of factors, including SIGA’s financial and operational success, which is subject to a number of significant risks and uncertainties (certain of which are outlined in SIGA’s filings with the SEC), as to which we have limited knowledge and which we have no ability to control, mitigate or fully evaluate. The Company has not recognized any potential proceeds from these actions in the financial statements to date.

Government Contracting

Payments to the Company on cost-plus-fee contracts are provisional. The accuracy and appropriateness of costs charged to U.S. Government contracts are subject to regulation, audit and possible disallowance by the Defense Contract Audit Agency (“DCAA”) and other government agencies such as the Biomedical Advanced Research and Development Authority ("BARDA"). Accordingly, costs billed or billable to U.S. Government customers are subject to potential adjustment upon audit by such agencies. We have agreed to rate provisions with DCAA for 2006, 2007 and 2008. In 2014, BARDA audited indirect costs or rates charged by us on the SparVax^® contract for the years 2008 through 2013. As a result of the audit, we were able to record incremental revenue of $5.8 million in the first quarter of 2015 and payment in the second quarter of 2015.

BARDA has audited our 2014 costs related to the partial termination for convenience of the SparVax^® contract and forwarded the results to the pertinent U.S. Government Contracting Officer. While we do not currently believe the results of this audit will have an adverse effect on the Company, we cannot provide assurances that it will not have such an effect. The Company has billed and recognized revenue using the provisional rates as defined in the contract. While the actual rates for 2014, which reflect the actual costs incurred by us, have been higher than the provisional rates, we have no assurance on either the amount of additional funds we may receive as a result of these higher rates or the amount of time it may take to recover these funds.

Changes in government policies, priorities or funding levels through agency or program budget reductions by the U.S. Congress or executive agencies could materially adversely affect the Company’s financial condition or results of operations. Furthermore, contracts with the U.S. Government may be terminated or suspended by the U.S. Government at any time, with or without cause. Such contract suspensions or terminations could result in unreimbursable expenses or charges or otherwise adversely affect the Company’s financial condition and/or results of operations.

Registration Rights Agreements

We entered into a Registration Rights Agreement with the investors who participated in the July 2009 private placement of convertible notes and related warrants. We subsequently filed two registration statements on Form S-3 with the Securities and Exchange Commission to register the resale of the shares issuable upon conversion of the convertible notes and exercise of the related warrants, which have been declared effective. We are obligated to maintain the registration statements effective until the date when such shares (and any other securities issued or issuable with respect to or in exchange for such shares) have been sold or are eligible for resale without restrictions under Rule 144. The convertible notes were converted or extinguished in 2010. The warrants expired on January 28, 2015.

We have separate registration rights agreements with investors, under which we have obligations to keep the corresponding registration statements effective until the registrable securities (as defined in each agreement) have been sold, and under which we may have separate obligations to file registration statements in the future on either a demand or “piggy-back” basis or both.

Under the terms of the convertible notes, which were converted or extinguished in 2010, if after the 2nd consecutive business day (other than during an allowable blackout period) on which sales of all of the securities required to be included on the registration statement cannot be made pursuant to the registration statement (a “Maintenance Failure”), we will be required to pay to each selling stockholder a one-time payment of 1.0% of the aggregate principal amount of the convertible notes relating to the affected shares on the initial day of a Maintenance Failure. Our total maximum obligation under this provision at March 31, 2016, which is not probable of payment, would be approximately $0.2 million.

Following a Maintenance Failure, we will also be required to make to each selling stockholder monthly payments of 1.0% of the aggregate principal amount of the convertible notes relating to the affected shares on every 30th day after the initial day of a Maintenance Failure, in each case prorated for shorter periods and until the failure is cured. Our total maximum obligation under this provision, which is not probable of payment, would be approximately $0.2 million for each month until the failure, if it occurs, is cured.

Leases

We lease our office in Maryland under a 10 year operating lease, which commenced on May 1, 2007. Remaining annual minimum payments are as follows:

On September 2, 2015, the Company entered into a sublease agreement with a third party with respect to a portion of its leased office space at an amount less than the Company’s leased amount.

The present value of the Company’s remaining net lease liability for the subleased office space (net of the sublease rental income), is included on the balance sheet as a component of accrued restructuring expenses as follows:

License Agreements

On July 6, 2015, we signed a license agreement with ImmunoVaccine Technologies (“IMV”) for the exclusive use of the DepoVax^TM vaccine platform (“DPX”), to develop an anthrax vaccine utilizing PharmAthene’s rPA. PharmAthene will reimburse up to $210,000 to IMV for their efforts in developing this vaccine and, in addition, PharmAthene will pay to IMV an annual payment of $200,000, additional payments for the achievement of certain milestones relating to contracting with the U.S. Government as well as achieving certain clinical/regulatory and commercial milestones, and achievement of sales targets, and royalties on sales related to the use of DPX.

Note 5 - Stockholders’ Equity

Stockholder Rights Plan

On November 25, 2015, the Company’s Board of Directors adopted a stockholder rights plan (“Rights Plan”) in an effort to preserve the value of its net operating loss carryforwards (“NOLs”) under Section 382 of the Internal Revenue Code (the “Code”). The description and terms of the rights are set forth in a Section 382 Rights Agreement, dated as of November 25, 2015 (the “Section 382 Rights Agreement”), by and between the Company and Continental Stock Transfer & Trust Company, as Rights Agent.

In connection with the adoption of the Rights Plan, on November 25, 2015 (the “Rights Dividend Declaration Date”), the Board declared a non-taxable dividend distribution of one share purchase right (“Right”) for each outstanding share of common stock to the Company's stockholders of record as of the close of business on December 9, 2015. The Section 382 Rights Plan is intended to act as a deterrent to any person (an “Acquiring Person”) acquiring (together with all affiliates and associates of such person) beneficial ownership of 4.99% or more of the Company’s outstanding common stock within the meaning of Section 382 of the Code, without the approval of the Board of Directors. Stockholders who beneficially owned 4.99% or more of the Company’s outstanding common stock as of the Rights Dividend Declaration Date are not be deemed to be an Acquiring Person, but such person will be deemed an Acquiring Person if such person (together with all affiliates and associates of such person) becomes the beneficial owner of securities representing a percentage of the Company’s common stock that exceeds by 0.5% or more the lowest percentage of beneficial ownership of the Company’s common stock that such person had at any time since the Rights Dividend Declaration Date. In its discretion, the Board may exempt certain persons whose acquisition of securities is determined by the Board not to jeopardize the availability to the Company's NOLs or other tax benefits and may also exempt certain transactions.

Long-Term Incentive Plan

In 2007, the Company’s stockholders approved the 2007 Long-Term Incentive Compensation Plan (the “2007 Plan”) which provides for the granting of incentive and non-qualified stock options, stock appreciation rights, performance units, restricted stock awards and performance bonuses (collectively “awards”) to Company officers and employees. Additionally, the 2007 Plan authorizes the granting of non-qualified stock options and restricted stock awards to Company directors and to independent consultants.

In 2008, our stockholders approved amendments to the 2007 Plan, increasing from 3.5 million shares to 4.6 million shares the maximum number of shares authorized for issuance under the plan and adding an evergreen provision pursuant to which the number of shares authorized for issuance under the plan would increase automatically in each year, beginning in 2009, in accordance with certain limits set forth in the 2007 Plan. Under the terms of the evergreen provision, the annual increases were to continue through 2015, subject, however, to an aggregate limitation on the number of shares that could be authorized for issuance pursuant to such increases. This aggregate limitation was reached on January 1, 2014, so that the number of shares authorized for issuance under the plan did not automatically increase on January 1, 2015, or thereafter.

During the three months ended March 31, 2016, 16,900 stock options were exercised, 186,957 stock options were forfeited or expired, and 46,250 restricted stock awards were released. At March 31, 2016, there are approximately 10.3 million shares approved for issuance under the 2007 Plan, of which approximately 3.6 million shares are available for grant. The Board of Directors in conjunction with management determines who receives awards, the vesting conditions and the exercise price. Options may have a maximum term of ten years.

Warrants

At March 31, 2016 and 2015 there were warrants outstanding to purchase 1,422,781 and 1,922,781 shares of our common stock, respectively. The warrants outstanding as of March 31, 2016, all of which are exercisable, were as follows:

Note 6 – Financing Transactions

Controlled Equity Offering

On March 25, 2013, we entered into a controlled equity offering sales agreement with a sales agent, and filed with the SEC a prospectus supplement, dated March 25, 2013 to our prospectus dated July 27, 2011, or the 2011 Prospectus, pursuant to which we could offer and sell, from time to time, through the agent shares of our common stock having an aggregate offering price of up to $15.0 million.

On May 23, 2014, we entered into an amendment, or the 2014 Amendment, to the controlled equity offering sales agreement with the sales agent, pursuant to which we may offer and sell, from time to time, through the agent shares of our common stock having an aggregate offering price of up to an additional $15.0 million. On that day, we filed a prospectus supplement to the 2011 Prospectus for use in any sales of these additional shares of common stock through July 26, 2014, the date the underlying registration statement (File No. 333-175394) expired. As a result of this expiration, the 2011 Prospectus, as supplemented on March 25, 2013 and May 23, 2014, may no longer be used for the sale of shares of common stock under the controlled equity offering sales agreement, as amended. On May 23, 2014, we also filed a new universal shelf registration statement (File No. 333-196265) containing, among other things, a prospectus, or the 2014 Prospectus, for use in sales of the common stock under the 2014 Amendment. This registration statement was declared effective on May 30, 2014 and will expire on May 30, 2017, three years from its effective date. Since the expiration of the 2011 Prospectus, all sales under the controlled equity offering sales agreement, as amended, are being effected under the 2014 Prospectus.

Under the controlled equity offering sales agreement, as amended, the agent may sell shares by any method permitted by law and deemed to be an “at-the-market” offering as defined in Rule 415 promulgated under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, including sales made directly on NYSE MKT, or any other existing trading market for our common stock or to or through a market maker. Subject to the terms and conditions of that agreement, the agent will use commercially reasonable efforts, consistent with its normal trading and sales practices and applicable state and federal law, rules and regulations and the rules of NYSE MKT, to sell shares from time to time based upon our instructions. We are not obligated to sell any shares under the arrangement. We are obligated to pay the agent a commission of 3.0% of the aggregate gross proceeds from each sale of shares under the arrangement.

As of March 31, 2016, shares having an aggregate offering price of $3.0 million remained available under the controlled equity offering sales agreement, as amended. During the three months ended March 31, 2016, we did not sell any shares of our common stock under this arrangement. We have no current plans to sell any shares under the controlled equity agreement.

Note 7 – Subsequent Events

On April 8, 2016, the U.S. Bankruptcy Court for the Southern District of New York approved the Plan that lays out the terms and conditions under which SIGA will exit from bankruptcy, effective April 12, 2016. The Plan was negotiated between SIGA and the Statutory Creditor's Committee of which PharmAthene is a member. We received a $5 million initial payment from SIGA during April 2016 and during May 2016, received approximately $0.9 million, calculated by SIGA as interest on the judgment for the period April 12, 2016 through April 30, 2016. The payments are creditable against final satisfaction of our claim of approximately $208 million as of March 31, 2016 plus additional interest and are not refundable.

Item 2.  Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.

This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. This information may involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors that are difficult to predict and may cause our actual results, performance or achievements to be materially different from future results, performance or achievements expressed or implied by any forward-looking statements. These risks, uncertainties and other factors include, but are not limited to, risks associated with the following:

as well as risks detailed under the caption “Risk Factors” in this quarterly report on Form 10-Q and in our other reports filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission, or the SEC, from time to time hereafter.

Forward-looking statements describe management’s current expectations regarding our future plans, strategies and objectives and are generally identifiable by use of the words “may,” “will,” “should,” “could,” “expect,” “anticipate,” “estimate,” “believe,” “intend,” “project,” “potential” or “plan” or the negative of these words or other variations on these words or comparable terminology. Such statements include, but are not limited to, statements relating to:

Forward-looking statements are based on assumptions that may be incorrect, and we cannot assure you that the projections included in the forward-looking statements will come to pass.

We have based the forward-looking statements included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q on information available to us on the date of this Quarterly Report, and we assume no obligation to update any such forward-looking statements, other than as required by law. Although we undertake no obligation to revise or update any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise, you are advised to consult any additional disclosures that we may make directly to you or through reports that we, in the future, may file with the SEC, including Annual Reports on Form 10-K, Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q and Current Reports on Form 8-K.

The following discussion should be read in conjunction with our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements which present our results of operations for the three months ended March 31, 2016 and 2015, as well as our financial positions at March 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015, contained elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. The following discussion should also be read in conjunction with the Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2015, filed on March 11, 2016, including the consolidated financial statements contained therein.

Overview

We are a biodefense company engaged in developing two next generation anthrax vaccines. The next generation vaccines are intended to have more rapid time to protection, fewer doses for protection and less stringent requirements for temperature controlled storage and handling than the currently used vaccine.

Since 2006, we have been engaged in legal proceedings with SIGA. On December 23, 2015, the Delaware Supreme Court affirmed the Delaware Court of Chancery's judgment against SIGA which provides an estimated total award of approximately $205 million plus interest. On April 8, 2016, the Bankruptcy Court entered an order confirming SIGA’s Plan effective April 12, 2016 which provides for SIGA to emerge from bankruptcy and provides various alternatives for the final resolution of our litigation claim against SIGA during 2016. The Plan provides generally that we will receive, in full settlement and satisfaction of our claim, no later than 120 days plus another potential 90 days after March 23, 2016 (generally considered to be no later than October 19, 2016). Under the Plan, we received an initial payment of $5 million from SIGA during April 2016 and during May 2016, received approximately $0.9 million, calculated by SIGA as interest on the judgment for the period April 12, 2016 through April 30, 2016.

During the first half of 2015 we narrowed the scope of our product development programs, reduced our employee headcount and executed other cost reductions. These actions have allowed us to have sufficient cash to recognize the benefit of the SIGA award and advance our Anthrax vaccine programs without the need to raise additional capital. During the second half of 2015 we focused our efforts on creating alternatives for settling the SIGA litigation claim and developing business plans around possible outcomes.

During 2016, we will continue to develop our plans to create shareholder value from the alternative SIGA litigation outcomes, which are discussed further in the section entitled “Item 1. - Legal Proceedings”, and will commence execution of those plans.

Post-SIGA Payment Plans

In the event that SIGA pays us cash in full and barring any unexpected material events, we currently expect that we will distribute at least 90% of the after tax net cash proceeds to our shareholders. The timing and form of distribution will depend upon our analysis of the Company’s current situation, applicable corporate statutes relating to distributions and the economic consequences to our shareholders. After distribution of these cash proceeds, we intend to seek an M&A transaction to maximize the value of the Company’s remaining assets and anthrax vaccine programs.

We will develop a transition plan and strategy for operating SIGA as a separate business in the event SIGA chooses to pay our claim by turning over 100% of its common stock to us.

Net Operating Loss

We anticipate that eventual receipt of an award from SIGA could generate substantial taxable income to us, a portion of which can potentially be offset by our tax NOL carryforwards. At December 31, 2015, we had available $156 million in accumulated losses available to offset income, subject to limitations imposed by the U.S. Internal Revenue Code of 1986 (the “Code”). On November 25, 2015, we adopted a Shareholders Rights Plan to help ensure that the NOLs remain available to help maximize the value for our shareholders of any amount received from the SIGA litigation.

We are currently evaluating the impact on our U.S. NOLs from the wind down of our UK operations. The estimated range for the increase in the NOL from the wind down of our UK operations is from $9 million to $22 million.

Under Section 382 of the U.S. Internal Revenue Code, our U.S. federal NOLs may be limited due to certain underlying ownership changes of our common stock. Our most recent analysis under Section 382 determined that there has been no impact on our ability to utilize our U.S. federal NOLs as the result of any prior ownership change. We may experience ownership changes in the future as a result of subsequent shifts in our stock ownership that could result in further limitations being placed on our ability to utilize our U.S. federal NOLs.

Critical Accounting Policies

A “critical accounting policy” is one that is both important to the portrayal of our financial condition and results of operations and that requires management’s most difficult, subjective or complex judgments. Such judgments are often the result of a need to make estimates about the effect of matters that are inherently uncertain. The preparation of our financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ materially from those estimates.

A summary of our critical accounting policies, including those that require the use of significant estimates and judgment, follows. A more comprehensive description of all of our significant accounting policies is contained in Note 2 to our Consolidated Financial Statements.

There were no significant changes in critical accounting policies from those at December 31, 2015.

Results of Operations

Revenue  

Our revenue was derived primarily from contracts with the U.S. Government for the development of anthrax vaccine programs. Our revenue in the three months ended March 31, 2016 changed from the comparable period of 2015 primarily due to the following:

BARDA has audited our 2014 costs related to the partial termination for convenience of the SparVax^® contract and forwarded the results to the pertinent U.S. Government Contracting Officer. While we do not currently believe the results of this audit will have an adverse effect on the Company, we cannot provide assurances that it will not have such an effect. The Company has billed and recognized revenue using the provisional rates as defined in the contract. While the actual rates for 2014, which reflect the actual costs incurred by us, have been higher than the provisional rates, we have no assurance on either the amount of additional funds we may receive as a result of these higher rates or the amount of time it may take to recover these funds, if any.

Research and Development Expenses

Our research and development expenses were $1.0 million and $1.6 million for the three months ended March 31, 2016 and March 31, 2015, respectively. These expenses resulted from research and development activities in all periods related primarily to our anthrax vaccine programs. Direct expenses included salaries and other costs of personnel, raw materials and supplies, and an allocation of indirect expenses. We also incurred third-party costs, such as contract research, consulting, and clinical development costs for individual projects.

For the three months ended March 31, 2016, research and development expenses decreased $0.6 million from the same period in the prior year. In accordance with the Realignment Plan, or Realignment Plan, approved by our Board on March 9, 2015 (with the goal of preserving and maximizing, for the benefit of our stockholders, the value of any proceeds from the SIGA litigation and our existing biodefense assets, and which plan eliminated approximately two-thirds of our workforce and aimed to preserve sufficient cash and cash equivalents to finance our continued operations through a period of time expected to extend beyond our collection of the amount awarded to us by the Delaware Chancery Court's affirmed judgment), labor and related indirect costs decreased period over period. In addition, costs were incurred in 2015 to further the NIAID (lyophilized) program.

General and Administrative Expenses

General and administrative functions include executive management, finance and administration, government affairs and regulations, corporate development, human resources, legal, and compliance. For each function, we may incur expenses such as salaries, supplies and third-party consulting and other external costs and non-cash expenditures such as expense related to stock option and restricted share awards. An allocation of indirect costs such as facilities, utilities, and other administrative overhead is also included in general and administrative expenses.

Expenses associated with general and administrative functions were $1.2 million for the three months ended March 31, 2016 and $2.2 million for the three months ended March 31, 2015. The $1.0 million decrease from the same period in the prior year was primarily due to a reduction in employee costs resulting from our implementation of the Realignment Plan and a reduction in legal expenses.

Other Income (Expense)

Other income (expense) primarily consists of changes in the fair value of our derivative financial instruments and interest expense on our debt and other financial obligations. For the three months ended March 31, 2016 and 2015, other income was $0.04 million and $0.3 million, respectively. This was primarily the result of unrealized gains on the change in the fair value of the derivative instruments of $0.04 million and $0.3 million for the three months ended March 31, 2016 and 2015, respectively.

The $5 million initial payment the Company received from SIGA during April 2016 and first monthly payment of approximately $0.9 million, calculated by SIGA as interest for the period April 12, 2016 through April 30, 2016, and received from SIGA during May 2016, will be recognized as other income during the second quarter of 2016. 

Income Taxes

The provision for income taxes was $0.02 million for each of the three months ended March 31, 2016 and 2015. Our provision for income taxes results from the difference between the treatment of goodwill for income tax purposes and for U.S. GAAP.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

Overview

Our primary source of cash during the three months ended March 31, 2016 was $1.0 million in proceeds paid under our contract with NIAID. Our primary sources of cash during the comparable period in 2015 were $0.5 million in proceeds paid under our contract with NIAID and $0.4 million in proceeds paid under our contract with BARDA. Our cash and cash equivalents were $14.2 million and $15.6 million at March 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015, respectively. We believe, based on the operating cash requirements and capital expenditures expected for 2016, the Company's cash on hand at March 31, 2016 plus the $5 million initial payment received from SIGA during April 2016 and approximately $0.9 million first monthly payment, calculated by SIGA as interest for the period April 12, 2016 through April 30, 2016, and received from SIGA during May 2016, is adequate to fund operations through at least the next twelve months.

As noted above, in 2014, BARDA audited indirect costs or rates charged by us on the SparVax^® contract for the years 2008 through 2013. We had billed and recognized revenue using the provisional rates as defined in the contract. As a result of the audit, we were able to record incremental revenue of $5.8 million in the first quarter of 2015 and payment in the second quarter of 2015, representing the difference between actual rates (i.e., actual cost to us) and the provisional rates used to calculate previously billed and recognized revenue. BARDA has audited our 2014 costs related to the partial termination for convenience of the SparVax® contract. While we do not currently believe the results of this audit will have an adverse effect on us, we cannot provide assurances that it will not have such an effect; furthermore, in 2014, we believe that our actual rates exceeded our provisional rates.

Our sole sources of revenue consist of (1) revenues related to the audit of the BARDA contract and (2) revenues under our September 2014 contract with NIAID for the development of a next generation lyophilized anthrax vaccine based on our proprietary technology platform which contributes the rPA bulk drug substance that is used in the liquid SparVax^® formulation.

The NIAID agreement is incrementally funded. Over the base period of the agreement, we were awarded initial funding of approximately $5.2 million, which includes a cost reimbursement component and a fixed fee component payable upon achievement of certain milestones. NIAID exercised the first and second options under this agreement in 2015. The exercised options provide additional funding of approximately $4.9 million and an extension of the period of performance through April 30, 2017. Through March 31, 2016, the Company has recognized $6.1 million of revenue under the contract. The contract has a total value of up to approximately $28.1 million, if all technical milestones are met and all eight contract options are exercised by NIAID. NIAID may exercise options at its discretion and if all options are exercised, the contract would last approximately five years.

We have incurred significant losses since we commenced operations. As of March 31, 2016, we had accumulated losses of $225.0 million since our inception. While we have undertaken efforts to reduce expenses, if we continue to incur losses and are not able to raise adequate funds to cover those losses, we may be required to cease operations.

Historically, we have not generated positive cash flows from operations. To bridge the gap between payments made to us under our U.S. Government contracts and grants and our operating and capital needs, we have had to rely on a variety of financing sources, including the issuance of equity and equity-linked securities and proceeds from loans and other borrowings. On March 25, 2013, we entered into a controlled equity offering arrangement pursuant to which we could offer and sell, from time to time, through a sales agent, shares of our common stock having an aggregate offering price of up to $15.0 million, which we later amended on May 23, 2014 to increase the offering amount by $15.0 million. During the three months ended March 31, 2016, we did not sell any shares of our common stock under this arrangement. Aggregate gross proceeds of up to $3.0 million remain available under this arrangement. We have no current plans to sell any shares under the controlled equity agreement.

We can offer no assurances that we have correctly estimated the resources or personnel necessary to seek partners, co-developers or acquirers for our biodefense programs or execute under our NIAID contract. If a larger workforce or one with a different skillset is ultimately required to maintain our operations, we may be unable to maximize the value of the SIGA litigation and our existing biodefense assets. In addition, executive officers who have served the Company for many years have been terminated, and, with the exception of Eric Richman’s continued service on the Board, will no longer be available to guide the Company. We also cannot assure you that we have accurately estimated the cash and cash equivalents necessary to finance our operations until we have received SIGA’s payment. If revenues from our NIAID contract are less than we anticipate, if operating expenses exceed our expectations or cannot be adjusted accordingly, or if we have underestimated the time it will take for us to enforce payment of or collect the damages award from SIGA, then our business, results of operations, financial condition and cash flows will be materially and adversely affected.

In addition, we may voluntarily elect to raise additional capital to strengthen our financial position. There can be no assurances that we would be successful in raising additional funds on acceptable terms or at all. Additional sales of common stock may be made at prices that are dilutive to existing stockholders.

Cash Flows

The following table provides information regarding our cash flows for the three months ended March 31, 2016 and 2015:

Operating Activities

Net cash used by operating activities was $1.4 million for the three months ended March 31, 2016 compared to $2.7 million which was provided by operating activities for the three months ended March 31, 2015.

Net cash used by operating activities during the three months ended March 31, 2016 reflects our net loss of $1.2 million, adjusted for non-cash share-based compensation expense of $0.2 million, the decrease in the fair value of our derivative instruments of $0.04 million, and other non-cash expenses of $0.06 million. A decrease in billed receivables of approximately $0.3 million was offset by a $0.3 million increase in both unbilled receivables and prepaid expenses and other current assets. Accounts payable and accrued expenses and other liabilities increased by a combined $0.1 million and accrued restructuring expenses decreased by $0.2 million.

Net cash used by operating activities during the three months ended March 31, 2015 reflects our net income of $1.5 million offset by a reduction in non-cash expenses of $0.1 million. Receivables and prepaid expenses increased by $6.4 million mainly due to the $5.8 million invoice to BARDA. Accounts payable and accrued expenses and other liabilities increased by $0.4 million and accrued restructuring expenses were $1.9 million.

Investing Activities

There were no significant investing activities during the three months ended March 31, 2016 and March 31, 2015.

Financing Activities

Net cash provided by financing activities was $0.02 million for the three months ended March 31, 2016, as compared to $0.2 million used by financing activities for the three months ended March 31, 2015.

Net cash provided by financing activities during the three months ended March 31, 2016 was primarily due to net proceeds received of $0.02 million from the issuance of common stock due to stock options exercised.

Net cash used by financing activities during the three months ended March 31, 2015 was primarily due to repayment of debt. This was partially offset by net proceeds received of $0.08 million from the issuance of common stock due to stock options exercised.

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

We do not have any off-balance sheet arrangements.

Contractual Obligations

The following are contractual commitments at March 31, 2016: 

Item 3.  Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk.

The Company’s current operations in foreign countries are minimal. We had maintained only nominal operations in the United Kingdom, but those operations were substantially liquidated in the second quarter of 2015. A 10% change in exchange rates (against the U.S. dollar) would not have a material impact on earnings, fair values or cash flow.

Because of the short-term maturities of our cash and cash equivalents, we do not believe that an increase in market interest rates would have a significant impact on their realized value.

The change in fair value of our derivative instruments is calculated utilizing the Black-Scholes option pricing model; therefore, a 10% increase/decrease in the closing price of the Company’s common stock at March 31, 2016, would result in a change in fair value of derivative instruments and our earnings of approximately $0.1 million.

Item 4.  Controls and Procedures.

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

Our management, including our principal executive and principal financial officers, has evaluated the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures as of March 31, 2016. Our disclosure controls and procedures are designed to provide reasonable assurance that the information required to be disclosed in reports we file or submit under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the Securities and Exchange Commission’s rules and forms, and that such information is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our principal executive and principal financial officers, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. Based on that evaluation, our principal executive and principal financial officers have concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures are effective at the reasonable assurance level.

Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

Our management, including our principal executive and principal financial officers, has evaluated any changes in our internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the quarterly period ended March 31, 2016, and has concluded that there was no change that occurred during the quarterly period ended March 31, 2016 that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

PART II — OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1.  Legal Proceedings

Except as noted below, we are not a party to any material legal proceedings.

In December 2006, we filed a complaint against SIGA in the Delaware Court of Chancery. The complaint alleged, among other things, that we have the right to license exclusively the development and marketing rights for SIGA’s drug candidate, Tecovirimat, pursuant to a merger agreement between the parties that was terminated in 2006. The complaint also alleged that SIGA failed to negotiate in good faith the terms of such a license pursuant to the terminated merger agreement with us.

In September 2011, the Delaware Court of Chancery issued an opinion in the case finding that SIGA had breached certain contractual obligations to us, upholding our claims of promissory estoppel, and awarding us damages. SIGA appealed aspects of the decision to the Delaware Supreme Court. In response, we cross-appealed other aspects of the decision. In May 2013, the Delaware Supreme Court issued its ruling on the appeal, affirming the Delaware Court of Chancery’s finding that SIGA had breached certain contractual obligations to us, reversed its finding of promissory estoppel, and remanded the case back to the Delaware Court of Chancery to reconsider the remedy and award in light of the Delaware Supreme Court’s opinion.

On August 8, 2014, the Delaware Court of Chancery issued a Memorandum Opinion and Order, or August 2014 Order, finding that we are entitled to receive lump sum expectation damages for the value of the Company’s lost profits for Tecovirimat. In addition, the Delaware Court of Chancery found that the Company is entitled to receive pre-judgment interest and varying percentages of the Company’s reasonable attorneys’ and expert witness fees. On October 17, 2014, the Company and SIGA each filed opinions of our respective financial experts and Draft Orders and Judgments in accordance with the instructions of the August 2014 Order.

On September 16, 2014, SIGA announced that it filed a voluntary petition for relief under Chapter 11 of the United States Bankruptcy Code in the U.S. Bankruptcy Court for the Southern District of New York. In connection therewith, SIGA filed with the Bankruptcy Court an affidavit indicating, among other things, that it expects to continue to perform under its contract with the Biomedical Advanced Research and Development Authority ("BARDA"). SIGA’s petition for bankruptcy initiated a process whereby its assets were protected from creditors, including us.

On January 7, 2015, the Delaware Court of Chancery issued a letter Opinion and Order, directing the Company to submit a Revised Proposed Judgment that reflects a lump sum award of approximately $113 million in contract expectation damages, plus pre-judgment interest on that amount from 2006 through the date of such order. In accordance with the instructions of the court, the Company submitted a draft Revised Proposed Judgment under seal on January 9, 2015.

On January 15, 2015, the Delaware Court of Chancery issued a Final Order and Judgment, finding that we are entitled to receive a lump sum award of $194.6 million, or the Total Judgment, comprised of (1) expectation damages of $113.1 million, for the value of the Company’s lost profits for Tecovirimat, also known as ST-246^® (formerly referred to as “Arestvyr™” and referred to by SIGA in its recent SEC filings as “Tecovirimat”), plus (2) pre-judgment interest on that amount from 2006 and varying percentages of the Company’s reasonable attorneys’ and expert witness fees, totaling $81.5 million. Under the Final Order and Judgment, PharmAthene is also entitled to post-judgment simple interest.

On December 23, 2015, the Delaware Supreme Court affirmed the Delaware Court of Chancery's decision as a result of which, with additional post-judgment interest, if calculated based on the original decision, would provide for an estimated total award in excess of $205 million.

On April 8, 2016, the Bankruptcy Court entered an order confirming SIGA’s Plan effective April 12, 2016 which provides for among other things, the process by which SIGA may emerge from bankruptcy, which includes the process by which our Judgment may be satisfied. The Plan provides generally that we will receive, in full settlement and satisfaction of our claim, no later than 120 days plus another potential 90 days after March 23, 2016 (generally considered to be no later than October 19, 2016), one of the following, determined in SIGA’s sole discretion:

If SIGA does not make its choice or satisfy the judgment in the manner in which it has chosen by October 19, 2016, we will receive 100% of SIGA by October 24, 2016.

From and after the Effective date (April 12, 2016), SIGA will compute interest on the outstanding balance and pay us in arrears monthly. The interest will be computed at a rate of 8.75%. If SIGA decides to extend the 120 day period by an additional 90 days, the interest will be computed at the Delaware judgment interest rate which is currently 6%.

Under the Plan, we received an initial payment of $5 million from SIGA during April 2016 and during May 2016, received approximately $0.9 million, calculated by SIGA as interest for the period April 12, 2016 through April 30, 2016. SIGA is required to pay us $20 million if it decides to extend the 120 day period by an additional 90 days. The payments are creditable against the final judgment and are not refundable.

The description of the Plan provided above is a brief summary of the Plan, which includes numerous other conditions and substantive provisions relating to the operation of the business of SIGA. Copies of the Plan are available from the Bankruptcy Court. For a description of risks related to our ability to recognize value relating to this litigation, see the “Risk Factors” section of our annual report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2015, filed with the SEC on March 11, 2016.

There can be no assurances if and when the Company will receive any additional payments from SIGA as a result of the Judgment. SIGA has indicated in filings with the Bankruptcy Court that it does not currently have cash sufficient to satisfy the award. It is also uncertain whether SIGA will have such cash in the future. Our ability to collect the Judgment depends upon a number of factors, including SIGA’s financial and operational success, which is subject to a number of significant risks and uncertainties (certain of which are outlined in SIGA’s filings with the SEC), as to which we have limited knowledge and which we have no ability to control, mitigate or fully evaluate. The Company has not recognized any potential proceeds from these actions in the financial statements to date. 

Post-SIGA Payment Plans

In the event that SIGA pays us cash in full and barring any unexpected material events, we currently expect that we will distribute at least 90% of the after tax net cash proceeds to our shareholders. The timing and form of distribution will depend upon our analysis of the Company’s current situation, applicable corporate statutes relating to distributions and the economic consequences to our shareholders. After distribution of these cash proceeds, we intend to seek an M&A transaction to maximize the value of the Company’s remaining assets and anthrax vaccine programs.

We will develop a transition plan and strategy for operating SIGA as a separate business in the event SIGA chooses to pay our claim by turning over 100% of its common stock to us.

Item 1A.  Risk Factors

None.

Item 2.  Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds

None.

Item 3. Default upon Senior Securities

Not applicable.

Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures

Not applicable.

Item 5. Other Information

None.

Item 6.  Exhibits.

SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused the report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.