Altimmune, Inc. - Quarter Report: 2020 March (Form 10-Q)

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

(Mark One)

For the quarterly period ended March 31, 2020

or

For the transition period from                  to                 

Commission file number 001-32587

Altimmune, Inc.

(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in its Charter)

(240) 654-1450

Registrant’s Telephone Number, Including Area Code

Former Name, Former Address and Former Fiscal Year, if Changed Since Last Report

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.    Yes  ☒    No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§ 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files).    Yes  ☒    No  ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act.  ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act).    Yes  ☐    No  ☒

Indicate the number of shares outstanding of each of the issuer’s classes of common stock, as of the latest practicable date: as of May 13, 2020 there were 15,526,887 shares of the registrant’s common stock, par value $0.0001 per share, outstanding.

ALTIMMUNE, INC.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

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Part I—FINANCIAL INFORMATION

ALTIMMUNE, INC.

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the unaudited consolidated financial statements.

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ALTIMMUNE, INC.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS AND COMPREHENSIVE LOSS

(unaudited)

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the unaudited consolidated financial statements.

2

ALTIMMUNE, INC.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY

(unaudited)

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the unaudited consolidated financial statements.

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ALTIMMUNE, INC.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

(unaudited)

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the unaudited consolidated financial statements.

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ALTIMMUNE, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(unaudited)

1.Nature of Business and Basis of Presentation

Nature of Business

Altimmune, Inc., headquartered in Gaithersburg, Maryland, together with its subsidiaries (collectively, the “Company” or “Altimmune”) is a clinical stage biopharmaceutical company incorporated under the laws of the State of Delaware.

The Company is focused on developing treatments for liver disease, immune modulating therapies and vaccines. Our diverse pipeline of product candidates includes next generation peptide therapeutics for non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (“NASH “) (ALT-801) and chronic hepatitis B (HepTcell), conjugated immunostimulants for the treatment of cancer (ALT-702) and intranasal vaccines (NasoVAX, NasoShield, and AdCOVID). Since its inception, the Company has devoted substantially all of its efforts to business planning, research and development, recruiting management and technical staff, and raising capital, and has financed its operations through the issuance of common and preferred stock, long-term debt, and proceeds from research grants and government contracts. The Company has not generated any revenues from the sale of any products to date, and there is no assurance of any future revenues from product sales.

The accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements are prepared pursuant to the rules and regulations of the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) regarding interim financial reporting. Accordingly, they do not include all of the information and disclosures required by accounting principles generally accepted in the United States for complete consolidated financial statements and should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2019 included in the annual report on Form 10-K which was filed with the SEC on March 27, 2020. In the opinion of management, the Company has prepared the accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements on the same basis as the audited consolidated financial statements, and these consolidated financial statements include all adjustments, consisting only of normal recurring adjustments, necessary for a fair presentation of the results of the interim periods presented. The operating results for the interim periods presented are not necessarily indicative of the results expected for the full year 2020 or any future years or periods.

Basis of presentation

The unaudited consolidated financial statements have been prepared on the basis of continuity of operations, realization of assets and the satisfaction of liabilities in the ordinary course of business. The financial statements do not include any adjustments relating to the recoverability and classification of recorded assets and liabilities that might be necessary should we be unable to continue as a going concern.

2.Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

During the three months ended March 31, 2020, there have been no significant changes to the Company’s summary of significant accounting policies contained in the Company’s Annual report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019 as filed with the SEC, except for the recently adopted accounting standard for investments.

Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements - Adopted

In August 2018, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued ASU No. 2018-13, Fair Value Measurement (Topic 820) – Disclosure Framework – Changes to the Disclosure Requirements for Fair Value Measurement, was issued to modify and enhance the disclosure requirements for fair value measurements and eliminates certain disclosure requirements, such as the amount of, and reasons for, transfers between Level 1 and Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy. This ASU adds new disclosure requirements for Level 3 measurements and is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019 and interim periods within those fiscal years. The Company adopted this guidance effective January 1, 2020 which resulted in expanded disclosures in Note 14 regarding the Company’s recurring Level 3 fair value measurements.

3.Contingent consideration

The Company entered into a definitive agreement to acquire all of the equity interests of Spitfire Pharma, Inc. (“Spitfire”) on July 8, 2019. Spitfire was a privately held, preclinical pharmaceutical company developing a novel dual GLP-1/glucagon receptor agonist for the treatment of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis.  

The transaction closed on July 12, 2019. The Company issued 1,887,250 unregistered shares of its common stock (the “shares”) as upfront consideration to certain former securityholders of Spitfire (collectively, the “Spitfire Equityholders”), representing an amount equal to $5,000,000 less working capital and transaction expense adjustment amounts as defined in the agreement.

The Merger Agreement also includes future contingent payments up to $88,000,000 in cash and shares of the Company’s common stock as follows (each, a “Milestone Event”):

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The future contingent payments related to the Regulatory Milestones are stock-based payments accounted for under FASB Accounting Standards Codification Topic 480, Distinguishing Liabilities From Equity. Such stock-based payments are subject to a lock-up whereby 50% of the shares are released at 3 months and 50% are released at 6 months. As of the acquisition date, the Company estimated future contingent consideration of $2,750,000 based upon a Monte Carlo simulation that was risk adjusted based on the probability of achieving the milestone and a discount for lack of marketability, which was expensed to in-process research and development expenses during the year ended December 31, 2019. The Company remeasured the fair value of the contingent consideration as of March 31, 2020, and increased the liability to $4,500,000 primarily due to an increase in the probability of milestone achievement. The increase in the liability of $1,750,000 was expensed to research and development expense during the three months ended March 31, 2020.

The future contingent payments related to the Sales Milestones are predominately cash-based payments accounted for under FASB Accounting Standards Codification Topic 450, Contingencies. Accordingly, the Company will recognize the Sales Milestones when the contingency is resolved and the amount is paid or payable.

4.Net Loss Per Share

Because the Company has reported a net loss attributable to common stockholders for all periods presented, basic and diluted net loss per share attributable to common stockholders are the same for all periods presented. For periods presented, all unvested restricted stock, common stock warrants, and stock options have been excluded from the computation of diluted weighted-average shares outstanding because such securities would have an antidilutive impact.

Potential common shares issuable upon conversion, vesting or exercise of unvested restricted stock, common stock warrants, and stock options that are excluded from the computation of diluted weighted-average shares outstanding are as follows:

5.Intangible Assets

The Company’s intangible assets consisted of the following:

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Amortization expense of intangible assets subject to amortization was $13,851 and $92,744 for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019. Amortization expense was classified as research and development expenses in the accompanying unaudited consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss.

As of March 31, 2020, future estimated amortization expense was as follows:

6.Accrued Expenses

Accrued expenses and other current liabilities consist of the following:

7.Other Long-Term Liabilities

The Company’s other long-term liabilities are summarized as follows:

8.At-the-Market Offering

On March 27, 2020, the Company entered into an Equity Distribution Agreement (the “Agreement”) with JMP Securities LLC, serving as placement agent (the “Placement Agent”) with respect to an at-the-market offering program under which the Company may offer and sell, from time to time at its sole discretion, shares of its common stock, par value $0.0001 per share (the “Common Stock”), having an aggregate offering price of up to $50.0 million (the “Shares”) through the Placement Agent (the “Offering”). Any Shares offered and sold in the Offering will be issued pursuant to the Company’s Registration Statement on Form S-3 filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) on April 4, 2019, which was declared effective on April 12, 2019, the prospectus supplement relating to the Offering filed with the SEC on March 27, 2020 and any applicable additional prospectus supplements related to the Offering that form a part of the Registration Statement. The aggregate market value of Shares eligible for sale in the Offering and under the Equity Distribution Agreement will be subject to the limitations of General Instruction I.B.6 of Form S-3, to the extent required under such instruction. The Company is only offering Shares having an aggregate offering price of $18.9 million pursuant to the prospectus supplement filed with the SEC on March 27, 2020. The Company will be required to file another prospectus supplement in the event it determines to offer more than $18.9 million of Shares in accordance with the terms of the Agreement, to the extent then permitted under General Instruction I.B.6 of Form S-3. From April 8, 2020 through May 13, 2020, the Company sold 164,900 shares of Common Stock under the Equity Distribution Agreement resulting in $0.6 million in net proceeds, leaving $18.3 million available to be sold under the current prospectus supplement.

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9.Warrants

A summary of warrant activity during the three months ended March 31, 2020 is as follows:

For warrants classified as a liability, the following is a summary of the periodic changes in their fair value during the three months ended March 31, 2020:

10.Stock-Based Compensation

Stock Options

The Company’s stock option awards generally vest over four years and typically have a contractual life of ten years. At March 31, 2020, there was $1,802,811 of unrecognized compensation cost related to stock options, which is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of 3.28 years. During the three months ended March 31, 2020, the Company granted 450,500 stock options with a weighted average exercise price of $1.92 and per share weighted average grant date fair value of $1.51.

Information related to stock options outstanding at March 31, 2020 is as follows:

Restricted Stock

At March 31, 2020, the Company had unvested restricted stock of 215,413 shares with total unrecognized compensation expense of $771,291, which the Company expects to recognize over a weighted average period of approximately 2.67 years. During the three months ended March 31, 2020, the Company released 20,253 shares of common stock from restriction as a result of the vesting of restricted stock.

2019 Employee Stock Purchase Plan

Under the Employee Stock Purchase Plan (“ESPP”), employees purchased 38,809 shares for $56,739 during the three months ended March 31, 2020. During the three months ended March 31, 2020, the Company recognized compensation expense of $14,712.

Stock-based compensation expense

Stock-based compensation expense is classified in the unaudited consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019 as follows:

11.Operating Leases

The Company rents office and laboratory space in the United States. The Company also leases office equipment under a non-cancellable equipment lease through December 2022. Rent expense during the three months ended March 31, 2020 under all of the Company’s operating leases was $87,599, which includes short-term leases and variable lease costs not included in the lease obligation.

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Short-term leases are leases having a term of twelve months or less. The Company recognizes short-term leases on a straight-line basis and does not record a related lease asset or liability for such leases.

The office space lease provides for increases in future minimum annual rental payments as defined in the lease agreements. The Company has determined the lease renewal option is not reasonably certain.

The cash paid for operating lease liabilities for the three months ended March 31, 2020 was $61,880.

Supplemental other information related to the operating leases balance sheet information is as follows:

Maturities of lease liabilities is as follows:

12.Income Taxes

In response to global pandemic associated with COVID-19, President Donald Trump signed into law the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act (the “CARES Act”) on March 27, 2020. The CARES Act provided both stimulus measures and a number of tax provisions, including: temporary changes regarding the utilization and carry back of net operating losses, temporary changes to the prior and future limitations on interest deductions, technical corrections from prior tax legislation for tax depreciation of qualified improvement property, and certain refundable employee retention credits. As of March 31, 2020, the Company intends to file a refund claim of $2,890,348 with the Internal Revenue Service reflecting a partial refund of its 2016 tax liability by carrying back its 2019 and 2018 losses not previously claimed. This amount has been recorded as a discrete item in the income tax benefit for the three months ended March 31, 2020. In addition the Company is currently estimating it will be able to carry back a portion of its current and forecasted 2020 net operating losses as of year end and has included an estimate in its annual effective tax rate calculation as of March 31, 2020 which resulted in an additional income tax benefit of $355,531 recorded during the three months ended March 31, 2020. Accordingly, the Company has recognized a total tax benefit of $3,245,879 in the three months ended March 31, 2020.

13.Commitments and Contingencies

As disclosed in Note 3, the Company is obligated to make payments of up to $80.0 million upon the achievement of specified worldwide net sales of all products developed using the technology acquired from Spitfire Pharma Inc. within ten (10) years following the approval of a new drug application filed with the FDA.

In December 2019, a complaint was filed by Dr. De-Chu Christopher Tang (“Plaintiff”) against the Company in U.S. District Court for the Eastern District of Texas. The Plaintiff amended the complaint in February 2020 to include Vipin K. Garg and David J. Drutz as defendants, in addition to the Company (Dr. Garg, Dr. Drutz, and the Company are collectively referred to as “Defendants”). In March 2020 the Defendants’ filed a motion to dismiss the complaint. The Court denied the motion without prejudice and allowed Plaintiff an opportunity to file an amended complaint. Plaintiff’s second amended complaint was filed on April 17, 2020, and Defendants filed a motion to dismiss that complaint on May 1, 2020. Plaintiff, who is representing himself, alleges five causes of action as follows: (1) Defendants’ alleged retention of Plaintiff’s lab notebooks; (2) alleged plagiarism based on publishing an article without naming Plaintiff as an author; (3) use of the Adhigh System, which Plaintiff alleges he developed; (4) allegations that Defendants manipulated the Company’s stock and caused a decrease in value; and (5) allegations that the Defendants “wast[ed] government grant money and poison[ed] science by leaving data to rot.” The Company believes the allegations in the complaint are without merit and intends to vigorously defend the litigation. However, the outcome of this legal proceeding is uncertain at this time and the Company cannot reasonably estimate a range of loss, if any. Accordingly, the Company has not accrued any liability associated with this action. The Company is a party in various other contractual disputes, litigation, and potential claims arising in the ordinary course of business none of which are currently reasonably possible or probable of material loss.

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14.Fair Value Measurement

The Company’s assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis at March 31, 2020 consisted of the following:

The Company’s assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis at December 31, 2019 consisted of the following:

Assets recorded at fair value on a nonrecurring basis, such as property and equipment and intangible assets are recognized at fair value when they are impaired.

Cash equivalents and short-term investments have been initially valued at the transaction price and subsequently valued, at the end of each reporting period, utilizing third party pricing services or other market observable data. The pricing services utilize industry standard valuation models, including both income and market-based approaches and observable market inputs to determine value. Short-term investments had quoted prices at March 31, 2020 as shown below:

The fair value of contingent payments classified as a liability was based on the regulatory milestones described in Note 3 and estimated using the Monte Carlo simulation valuation model with Level 3 inputs. The following table is a reconciliation of the beginning and ending balance of contingent consideration liability:

The assumptions used to estimate the fair value of contingent payments that are classified as a liability at March 31, 2020 include the following significant unobservable inputs:

The Company’s warrant liability is valued using the Monte Carlo simulation valuation model. If applicable, the Company will recognize transfers into and out of levels within the fair value hierarchy at the end of the reporting period in which the actual event or change in circumstance occurs.

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There were no transfers into and out of any of the levels of the fair value hierarchy during 2020 or 2019.

15.Subsequent Events

PER.C6 License Agreement Expansion

On April 2, 2020, the Company entered into Amendment No. 3 to the Second Restated License Agreement (the “Amendment”), by and between the Company and Janssen Vaccines & Prevention B.V. (formerly known as Crucell Holland B.V.) (as amended by Amendment No. 1 to Second Restated License Agreement and Amendment No. 2 to Second Restated License Agreement, together with the Amendment, the “License Agreement”). Pursuant to the Amendment, the field of licenses granted to the Company for the use of the PER.C6 cell line under the License Agreement is expanded to cover COVID-19 caused by SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2), in addition to the existing licenses related to Bacillus anthracis and influenza virus. All capitalized terms not defined herein shall have the meanings assigned to them in the Amendment or the License Agreement, as applicable.

Pursuant to the Amendment, the Company agreed to pay certain additional development-based milestone payments through approval of licensed products by the FDA for the treatment or prevention of COVID-19, up to an aggregate amount of $1,225,000. The Company also agreed to pay royalty payments as a percentage of net sales of products for the treatment or prevention of COVID-19 in any country where such product is covered by a valid claim of any licensed patent or uses licensed know-how, subject to a royalty stacking reduction and minimum annual royalty payments, until the expiration of the term of the License Agreement, as amended.

Paycheck Protection Program

On April 7, 2020, the Company applied for a loan from ServisFirst Bank, as lender, pursuant to the Paycheck Protection Program of the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act (the “CARES Act”) as administered by the U.S. Small Business Administration (the "SBA"). On April 13, 2020, the Loan was approved and the Company received the proceeds from a loan in the amount of $632,000 (the “PPP Loan”).

The PPP Loan, which took the form of a promissory note (the “Promissory Note”) matures on April 7, 2022 and bears interest at a rate of 1% per annum. Monthly principal and interest payments, less the amount of any potential forgiveness (discussed below), will commence on November 7, 2020. The Company did not provide any collateral or guarantees for the PPP Loan, nor did the Company pay any facility charge to obtain the PPP Loan. The Promissory Note provides for customary events of default, including, among others, those relating to failure to make payment, bankruptcy, breaches of representations and material adverse effects. The Company may prepay the principal of the PPP Loan at any time without incurring any prepayment charges.

All or a portion of the Loan may be forgiven by the SBA and lender upon application by the Company beginning 60 days but not later than 120 days after loan approval and upon documentation of expenditures in accordance with the SBA requirements. Under the CARES Act, loan forgiveness is available for the sum of documented payroll costs, covered rent payments, and covered utilities during the eight week period beginning on the date of loan approval. For purposes of the CARES Act, payroll costs exclude compensation of an individual employee in excess of $100,000, prorated annually. Not more than 25% of the forgiven amount may be for non-payroll costs. Forgiveness is reduced if full-time headcount declines, or if salaries and wages for employees with salaries of $100,000 or less annually are reduced by more than 25%. In the event the PPP Loan, or any portion thereof, is forgiven pursuant to the PPP, the amount forgiven is applied to outstanding principal.

Equity Distribution Agreement

As disclosed in Note 8, from April 8, 2020 through May 13, 2020, the Company sold 164,900 shares of common stock under the Equity Distribution Agreement resulting in $0.6 million in net proceeds, leaving $18.3 million available to be sold under the current prospectus supplement.

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The following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations should be read together with our consolidated financial statements and related notes appearing elsewhere in this quarterly report on Form 10-Q and our consolidated financial statements and related notes for the year ended December 31, 2019 included in our annual report on Form 10-K, which was filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on March 27, 2020.

This quarterly report on Form 10-Q contains forward-looking statements that involve substantial risks and uncertainties. The words “expect,” “anticipate,” “intend,” “plan,” “believe,” “estimate,” “may,” “will,” “should,” “could,” “target,” “strategy,” “intend,” “project,” “guidance,” “likely,” “usually,” “potential,” or the negative of these words or variations of such words, similar expressions, or comparable terminology are intended to identify such forward-looking statements, although not all forward-looking statements contain these identifying words. There are a number of important risks and uncertainties that could cause our actual results to differ materially from those indicated by forward-looking statements. We may not actually achieve the plans, intentions or expectations disclosed in our forward-looking statements, and you should not place undue reliance on our forward-looking statements. Actual results or events could differ materially from the plans, intentions and expectations disclosed in the forward-looking statements we make. We have included important factors in the cautionary statements included in this quarterly report on Form 10-Q, particularly in the section entitled “Risk Factors” in Part II, Item 1A, that could cause actual results or events to differ materially from the forward-looking statements that we make. Our forward-looking statements do not reflect the potential impact of any future acquisitions, mergers, dispositions, joint ventures or investments that we may make.

We have based the forward-looking statements included in this quarterly report on Form 10-Q on information available to us on the date of this quarterly report, and we assume no obligation to update any such forward-looking statements, other than as required by law. Although we undertake no obligation to revise or update any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise, you are advised to consult any additional disclosures that we may make directly to you or through reports that we, in the future, may file with the SEC, including annual reports on Form 10-K, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q and current reports on Form 8-K.

Overview

Altimmune, Inc. is a clinical stage biopharmaceutical company focused on developing treatments for liver disease, immune modulating therapies and vaccines. Our diverse pipeline of product candidates includes next generation peptide therapeutics for non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (“NASH”) (ALT-801) and chronic hepatitis B (HepTcell), conjugated immunostimulants for the treatment of cancer (ALT-702) and intranasal vaccines (NasoVAX, NasoShield and AdCOVID).

Impact of COVID-19

We are closely monitoring how the spread of COVID-19 is affecting our employees, business, preclinical studies and clinical trials. In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, we have closed our executive offices with certain employees continuing their work outside of our offices and travel for all employees has been restricted.  Essential laboratory staff continue to work onsite with enhanced safety measures. We are continuing our regular interactions with the FDA and other regulatory agencies and based on current information, we do not anticipate COVID-19 to materially affect our regulatory timelines for NasoShield, AdCOVID and ALT-801. We expect the pandemic to have some near-term impact on the initiation of our HepTcell Phase 2 study and, accordingly, we will delay the initiation of this trial. We expect to provide an update on timing for initiating the study in the second half of 2020.

Although operations have not been materially affected by the COVID-19 pandemic as of and for the three months ended March 31, 2020, at this time, however, there is significant uncertainty relating to the trajectory of the pandemic and the impact of related responses, and disruptions caused by the COVID-19 pandemic may result in difficulties or delays in initiating, enrolling, conducting or completing our planned and ongoing trials and the incurrence of unforeseen costs as a result of disruptions in clinical supply or preclinical study or clinical trial delays. The impact of COVID-19 on our future results will largely depend on future developments, which are highly uncertain and cannot be predicted with confidence, such as the ultimate geographic spread of the disease, the duration of the pandemic, travel restrictions and social distancing in the United States and other countries, business closures or business disruptions, the ultimate impact on financial markets and the global economy, and the effectiveness of actions taken in the United States and other countries to contain and treat the disease. See “Risk Factors— Our business, results of operations and financial condition may be adversely affected by the widespread outbreak of an illness or any other communicable disease, or any other public health crisis, including the ongoing coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic.” in Part II, Item 1A of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.

Critical Accounting Policies and Significant Judgment and Estimates

Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations is based upon our unaudited consolidated financial statements, which have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the U.S. and the rules and regulations of the SEC for interim financial reporting. The preparation of these financial statements requires us to make estimates and judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues, and expenses, and the related disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities. We base our estimates and judgments on historical experience, knowledge of current conditions, and expectations of what could occur in the future given available information.

There have been no changes in our critical accounting policies and significant judgment and estimates as disclosed in our annual report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019 except for recently adopted accounting standards (See Note 2 to the consolidated financial

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statements appearing in Item 1 of this report). For more information regarding our critical accounting policies, we encourage you to read the discussion contained in Item 7 under the heading “Critical Accounting Policies and Significant Judgments and Estimates” and Note 2 “Summary of Significant Accounting Policies” included in the notes to the consolidated financial statements contained in our annual report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019.

Results of Operations

Comparison of the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019:

Revenue

Revenue consists primarily of research grants from Biomedical Advanced Research and Development Authority, or BARDA, and in 2019, the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, or NIAID, in the United States for our anthrax vaccine product candidates. These grants consist of cost reimbursement contracts, with a fixed fee based on either costs or milestones.

Revenue decreased by $0.74 million, or 25.1%, for the three months ended March 31, 2020 as compared to the same period in 2019. The decrease was primarily the result of:

Research and development expenses

Research and development operating expense increased by $3.97 million, or 123.4%, for the three months ended March 31, 2020 as compared to the same period in 2019. The increase was primarily the result of:

General and administrative expenses

General and administrative expense increased by $0.3 million, or 12.8%, for the three months ended March 31, 2020 as compared to the same period in 2018 due primarily to an increase in legal, professional and labor costs.

Other income (expense)

Other income (expense) decreased by $0.1 million during the three months ended March 31, 2020, as compared to the same period in 2019. The decreases are primarily due to changes in interest income.

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Income tax benefit

Income tax benefit increased by $3.25 million during the three months ended March 31, 2020, as compared to the same period in 2019. The increase is due to the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act (the “CARES Act”) signed into law on March 27, 2020 which made temporary changes regarding the utilization and carry back of net operating losses. As of March 31, 2020, the Company intends to file a refund claim for a discrete item of $2.89 million with the Internal Revenue Service reflecting a partial refund of its 2016 tax liability by carrying back its 2019 and 2018 losses not previously claimed, and estimates $0.36 million related to net operating losses arising during the three months ended March 31, 2020 will be claimed.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

Overview

Our primary sources of cash during the three months ended March 31, 2020 were maturities of short term investments and cash receipts of revenue from our BARDA contract. Our cash, cash equivalents, and short-term investments were $33.0 million at March 31, 2020. We believe, based on the operating cash requirements and capital expenditures expected for 2020, our cash on hand at March 31, 2020, short-term investments, revenue from our government sponsored contracts and tax refunds, are sufficient to fund operations for at least a twelve-month period from the issuance date of our March 31, 2020 financial statements.

We have not generated any revenues from the sale of any products to date, and there is no assurance of any future revenues from product sales. Our sources of revenue have consisted of revenues under our contract with BARDA for the development of NasoShield and to a lesser degree from other licensing arrangements. We have incurred significant losses since we commenced operations. As of March 31, 2020, we had accumulated losses of $141.3 million since our inception. In addition, we have not generated positive cash flows from operations. We have had to rely on a variety of financing sources, including the issuance of debt and equity securities. As capital resources are consumed to fund our research and development activities, we may not have sufficient capital to fund our plan of operations. In order to address our capital needs, including our planned clinical trials, we have initiated the ATM Offering and must continue to actively pursue additional equity or debt financing, government funding, and monetization of our existing programs through partnership arrangements or sales to third parties.

In July 2016, we signed a five-year contract with BARDA. The contract, as amended, has a total value of up to $133.7 million and is used to fund clinical development of NasoShield. Under the contract, BARDA pays us a fixed fee and reimburses certain costs for the research and development of an Ad5-vectored, protective antigen-based intranasal anthrax vaccine through cGMP manufacture and conduct of a Phase 1 clinical trial dose ranging assessment of safety and immunogenicity. The contract consists of an initial base performance period providing approximately $27.8 million in funding for the period July 2016 through December 2020. BARDA has seven options to extend the contract to fund certain continued development and manufacturing activities for the anthrax vaccine, including Phase 2 clinical trials. Each option, if exercised by BARDA, would provide additional funding ranging from approximately $1.1 million to $34.4 million for a three-year period beginning January 2021. Through March 31, 2020, we have received an aggregate of approximately $22.6 million under the current BARDA contract.

Cash Flows

The following table provides information regarding our cash flows for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019:

Operating Activities

Net cash used in operating activities was $4.3 million for the three months ended March 31, 2020 compared to $2.1 million during the three months ended March 31, 2019. Our sources of cash provided by operations during the three months ended March 31, 2020 were primarily cash receipts of revenue generated by our BARDA contract. The primary uses of cash from our operating activities include payments for labor and labor-related costs, professional fees, research and development costs associated with our clinical trials, and other general corporate expenditures. The increase in cash used in operations of $2.2 million year over year is due to an increase in net loss as adjusted for noncash items of $0.2 million and changes in working capital accounts of $2.0 million.

Investing Activities

Net cash provided by investing activities was $6.6 million for the three months ended March 31, 2020 compared to net cash used in investing activities if $4,246 during the three months ended March 31, 2019. The net cash provided by investing activities during 2020 was primarily due to maturities of short-term investments. The net cash used in investing activities in 2019 was primarily due to purchases of equipment and capitalized patent costs.

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Financing Activities

Net cash provided by financing activities during the three months ended March 31, 2020 was $0.1 million compared to $12.7 million for the same period in 2019. The net cash provided by financing activities during the three months ended March 31, 2020 was primarily the result of the receipt of cash from the issuance of common stock from the Company’s Employee Stock Purchase Plan and exercise of warrants. The net cash provided by financing activities during the three months ended March 31, 2019 was primarily the result of proceeds from a registered direct offering of units that consisted of common stock and warrants.

Financing

On March 27, 2020, we entered into an Equity Distribution Agreement (the “Equity Distribution Agreement”), with JMP Securities LLC (“JMP Securities”), relating to shares of our common stock offered by prospectus supplement (the “ATM Offering”). In accordance with the terms of the Equity Distribution Agreement, we may offer and sell shares of our common stock having an aggregate offering price of up to $50.0 million from time to time through JMP Securities as the sales agent. The prospectus supplement only offers shares of our common stock having an aggregate offering price of up to $18.90 million. We will be required to file another prospectus supplement in the event we want to offer more than $18.90 million of shares of our common stock in accordance with the terms of the Equity Distribution Agreement.  As of March 31, 2020 no sales of common stock had been made under the ATM Offering

Current Resources

We have financed our operations to date principally through proceeds from issuances of our preferred stock, common stock, and warrants. At March 31, 2020, we had $11.3 million of cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash and $21.6 million of short-term investments. Accordingly, management believes that the Company has sufficient capital to fund its plan of operations for at least a twelve-month period from the issuance date of our March 31, 2020 financial statements. However, in order to address our capital needs in the long-term, including our planned clinical trials, we must continue to actively pursue additional equity or debt financing, government funding, and monetization of our existing programs through partnership arrangements or sales to third parties.

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

As of March 31, 2020, we did not have any relationships with unconsolidated entities or financial partnerships, such as entities often referred to as “special purpose” entities, which would have been established for the purpose of facilitating off-balance sheet arrangements or other contractually narrow or limited purposes.

As a “smaller reporting company” as defined by Item 10 of Regulation S-K, we are not required to provide the information required by this Item.

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

Our management, with the participation of our principal executive officer and principal financial officer, evaluated the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures pursuant to Rule 13a-15 under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (“the “Exchange Act”) as of the end of the period covered by this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.

Based on this evaluation, our principal executive officer and principal financial officer concluded that, as of March 31, 2020, our disclosure controls and procedures were effective to provide reasonable assurance that information we are required to disclose in reports that we file or submit under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized, and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms, and that such information is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our principal executive officer and principal financial officer, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.

Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

There were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rule 13a-15(f) and Rule 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act) during the quarter ended March 31, 2020 identified in connection with the evaluation thereof by our management, including the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, that materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

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PART II — OTHER INFORMATION

In December 2019, we learned of a complaint that had been filed by Dr. De-Chu Christopher Tang (“Plaintiff”).  We received a copy of the complaint on January 2, 2020, and on January 24, 2020, we removed the case to the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Texas (No. 4:20-CV-00063-ALM-CAN), where it is currently pending (the “Texas Lawsuit”).  Plaintiff amended his complaint on February 25, 2020, naming Vipin K. Garg and David J. Drutz as defendants, in addition to the Company (Dr. Garg, Dr. Drutz, and the Company are collectively referred to as “Defendants”). In March 2020 the Defendants filed a motion to dismiss the complaint.  The Court denied the motion without prejudice and allowed Plaintiff an opportunity to file an amended complaint. Plaintiff’s second amended complaint was filed on April 17, 2020, and Defendants filed a motion to dismiss that complaint on May 1, 2020. Plaintiff, who is representing himself, alleges five causes of action against Defendants, based on (1) Defendants’ alleged retention of Plaintiff’s lab notebooks after the termination of his employment in 2012; (2) alleged plagiarism based on publishing an article without naming Plaintiff as an author; (3) use of the Adhigh System, which Plaintiff alleges he developed; (4) allegations that Defendants manipulated the Company’s stock and caused a decrease in value; and (5) allegations that the Defendants “wast[ed] government grant money and poison[ed] science by leaving data to rot.”

A prior lawsuit filed by the Plaintiff against us in the United States District Court for the Northern District of Alabama, resulted in the entry of a Final Consent Judgment and Permanent Injunction on August 25, 2016 (the “Alabama Judgment”).  In the Alabama Judgment, the court declared, among other things, that we owned the DVD technology that Plaintiff had developed during his employment with us, and enjoined Plaintiff from “using or disclosing any Proprietary Information or Innovations relating to the DVD technology and any associated intellectual property rights” without our written consent.

In addition to the other information set forth in this Form 10-Q, you should carefully consider the factors discussed in Part I, Item 1A, subsection “Risk Factors” in our 2019 Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC on March 27, 2020, as they could materially affect our business, financial condition or future results of operations. The risks described in our 2019 Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC on March 27, 2020 are not the only risks that we face. Additional risks and uncertainties not currently known to us or that we currently deem to be immaterial may also materially adversely affect our business, financial condition and future results of operations. The following information updates, and should be read in conjunction with, the risk factors previously disclosed in Item 1A, subsection “Risk Factors” to Part I of our 2019 Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC on March 27, 2020. Except as set forth below, there have been no material changes to the risk factors previously disclosed under the caption “Risk Factors” in our 2019 Annual Report on Form 10-K.

Risks Related to COVID-19

Our business, results of operations and financial condition may be adversely affected by the widespread outbreak of an illness or any other communicable disease, or any other public health crisis, including the ongoing coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic.

Our business could be adversely affected by widespread outbreak of illness or other communicable diseases, health epidemics, or any other public health crisis. Beginning in late 2019, the outbreak of a novel strain of virus named SARS-CoV-2, or coronavirus, which causes COVID-19 began in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China, and has since evolved into a global pandemic. As of early May 2020, the coronavirus had spread to most regions of the world.

As a result of the coronavirus pandemic, we may experience disruptions that could severely impact our business, preclinical studies and clinical trials, including:

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The coronavirus pandemic continues to rapidly evolve. The ultimate impact of the coronavirus pandemic on our business operations is highly uncertain and subject to change and will depend on future developments, which cannot be accurately predicted, including the duration of the pandemic, the ultimate geographic spread of the disease, additional or modified government actions, new information that will emerge concerning the severity and impact of COVID-19 and the actions taken to contain coronavirus or address its impact in the short and long term, among others. We do not yet know the full extent of potential delays or impacts on our business, our clinical trials, our research programs, healthcare systems or the global economy. We will continue to monitor the situation closely.

We have debt outstanding under the PPP Loan, which is subject to the terms and conditions applicable to loans administered by the SBA under the CARES Act, and we may be subject to an audit or enforcement action related to the PPP Loan.

On April 13, 2020, we entered into the U.S. Small Business Administration (the "SBA") Paycheck Protection Program (the "PPP") Note (the "Note") with ServisFirst Bank (the “PPP Lender”) for a loan in the amount of $632,000 (the “PPP Loan”) enabled by the Coronavirus Aid, Relief and Economic Security Act of 2020 (the "CARES Act"). We received the full amount of the PPP Loan on April 13, 2020. We plan to use the proceeds to retain employees, maintain payroll and make lease and utility payments in accordance with the relevant terms and conditions of the CARES Act.

Under the terms of the CARES Act, all or a portion of the principal of the PPP Loan may be forgiven. Such forgiveness will be determined, subject to limitations, based on the use of the PPP Loan proceeds for payroll costs, mortgage interest payments, lease payments or utility payments. To obtain forgiveness, we would need to request forgiveness from the PPP Lender, provide documentation in accordance with the SBA requirements and certify that the amounts we are requesting to be forgiven qualify under those requirements. While we intend to use the PPP Loan proceeds in a manner that would permit forgiveness of the PPP Loan and intend to seek forgiveness at the appropriate time, no assurance can be provided that we will obtain forgiveness of the PPP Loan in whole or in part.

The Note also provides for customary events of default, including, among others, events of default relating to failure to make payment or comply with the covenants contained in the Note and related loan documents, defaults on any other loan with the PPP Lender, defaults on any loan or agreement with another creditor if the PPP Lender believes the default may materially affect our ability to pay the Note, failure to pay any taxes when due, becoming the subject of a civil or criminal action that the PPP Lender believes may materially affect our ability to pay the Note, bankruptcy, breaches of representations, judgment, reorganization, merger, consolidation or other changes in ownership or business structure without the PPP Lender’s prior written consent, and material adverse changes in financial condition or business operation that the PPP Lender believes may materially affect our ability to pay the Note. A failure by us to comply with the covenants or payment requirements specified in the Note could result in an event of default under the Note, which would give the PPP Lender the right to declare any and all borrowings outstanding, together with accrued and unpaid interest, to be immediately due and payable. If the debt under our PPP Loan were to be accelerated, we may not have sufficient cash, be able to borrow sufficient funds or be able to sell sufficient assets to repay the debt, which could immediately materially and adversely affect our cash flows, business, results of operations and financial condition.

Additionally, the Note is subject to the terms and conditions applicable to loans administered by the SBA under the CARES Act, which is subject to revisions and changes by the SBA and Congress. We may also be subject to CARES Act-specific lookbacks and audits that may be

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conducted by other federal agencies, including several oversight bodies created under the CARES Act. These bodies have the ability to coordinate investigations and audits and refer matters to the Department of Justice for civil or criminal enforcement and other actions. Complying with such SBA audit could divert management resources and attention and require us to expend significant time and resources, which could have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

None.

None.

Not applicable.

None.

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SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused the report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.

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