ALTISOURCE PORTFOLIO SOLUTIONS S.A. - Quarter Report: 2016 September (Form 10-Q)

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q



þ	QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended September 30, 2016



o	TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

Commission File Number: 1-34354

ALTISOURCE PORTFOLIO SOLUTIONS S.A.

(Exact name of Registrant as specified in its Charter)



Luxembourg	98-0554932
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)	(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)

40, avenue Monterey

L-2163 Luxembourg

Grand Duchy of Luxembourg

(Address of principal executive offices) (Zip Code)

(352) 24 69 79 00

(Registrant’s telephone number)

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes þ No o

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§ 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files). Yes þ No o

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer or a smaller reporting company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act):



Large accelerated filer þ	Accelerated filer o
Non-accelerated filer o (Do not check if a smaller reporting company)	Smaller reporting company o

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes o No þ

As of October 21, 2016, there were 18,877,614 outstanding shares of the registrant’s shares of beneficial interest (excluding 6,535,134 shares held as treasury stock).

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ALTISOURCE PORTFOLIO SOLUTIONS S.A.

FORM 10-Q



			Page
PART I — Financial Information

	Item 1	Interim Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)
		Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets	3
		Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income	4
		Condensed Consolidated Statements of Equity	5
		Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows	6
		Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements	7

	Item 2	Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	28

	Item 3	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk	44

	Item 4	Controls and Procedures	44

PART II — Other Information

	Item 1	Legal Proceedings	45

	Item 1A	Risk Factors	46

	Item 2	Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds	46

	Item 6	Exhibits	47

SIGNATURES			48

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PART I — FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1. Interim Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

ALTISOURCE PORTFOLIO SOLUTIONS S.A.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

(in thousands, except per share data)



	September 30, 2016			December 31, 2015

ASSETS
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	134,948		$	179,327
Available for sale securities	45,174			—
Accounts receivable, net	101,580			105,023
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	31,927			21,751
Total current assets	313,629			306,101

Premises and equipment, net	109,785			119,121
Goodwill	89,905			82,801
Intangible assets, net	162,976			197,003
Deferred tax assets, net	4,847			3,619
Other assets	12,190			13,153

Total assets	$	693,332		$	721,798

LIABILITIES AND EQUITY
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable and accrued expenses	$	101,361		$	91,871
Current portion of long-term debt	5,945			5,945
Deferred revenue	10,927			15,060
Other current liabilities	13,846			16,266
Total current liabilities	132,079			129,142

Long-term debt, less current portion	468,689			522,233
Other non-current liabilities	13,790			18,153

Commitments, contingencies and regulatory matters (Note 22)

Equity:
Common stock ($1.00 par value; 25,413 shares authorized and issued and 18,878 outstanding as of September 30, 2016; 25,413 shares authorized and issued and 19,021 outstanding as of December 31, 2015)	25,413			25,413
Additional paid-in capital	101,013			96,321
Retained earnings	359,435			369,270
Accumulated other comprehensive loss	(2,156		)	—
Treasury stock, at cost (6,535 shares as of September 30, 2016 and 6,392 shares as of December 31, 2015)	(406,559		)	(440,026		)
Altisource equity	77,146			50,978

Non-controlling interests	1,628			1,292
Total equity	78,774			52,270

Total liabilities and equity	$	693,332		$	721,798

See accompanying notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.

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ALTISOURCE PORTFOLIO SOLUTIONS S.A.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS AND COMPREHENSIVE INCOME

(in thousands, except per share data)



	Three months ended September 30,						Nine months ended September 30,
	2016			2015			2016			2015

Revenue	$	252,745		$	272,776		$	758,676		$	781,579
Cost of revenue	174,002			173,850			517,236			514,835

Gross profit	78,743			98,926			241,440			266,744
Selling, general and administrative expenses	53,886			51,338			161,709			155,310
Change in the fair value of Equator Earn Out	—			—			—			(7,591		)

Income from operations	24,857			47,588			79,731			119,025
Other income (expense), net:
Interest expense	(5,952		)	(7,041		)	(18,481		)	(21,396		)
Loss on HLSS equity securities and dividends received, net	—			—			—			(1,854		)
Other income (expense), net	(109		)	653			2,608			1,477
Total other income (expense), net	(6,061		)	(6,388		)	(15,873		)	(21,773		)

Income before income taxes and non-controlling interests	18,796			41,200			63,858			97,252
Income tax provision	(7,324		)	(3,303		)	(12,808		)	(8,101		)

Net income	11,472			37,897			51,050			89,151
Net income attributable to non-controlling interests	(883		)	(851		)	(1,973		)	(2,457		)

Net income attributable to Altisource	$	10,589		$	37,046		$	49,077		$	86,694

Earnings per share:
Basic	$	0.57		$	1.94		$	2.63		$	4.42
Diluted	$	0.54		$	1.82		$	2.49		$	4.19

Weighted average shares outstanding:
Basic	18,715			19,091			18,669			19,608
Diluted	19,568			20,411			19,738			20,688

Comprehensive income:
Net income	$	11,472		$	37,897		$	51,050		$	89,151
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax:
Unrealized gain (loss) on securities, net of income tax benefit (provision) of $(2,070), $0, $889, $0	5,016			—			(2,156		)	—

Comprehensive income, net of tax	16,488			37,897			48,894			89,151
Comprehensive income attributable to non-controlling interests	(883		)	(851		)	(1,973		)	(2,457		)

Comprehensive income attributable to Altisource	$	15,605		$	37,046		$	46,921		$	86,694

See accompanying notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.

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ALTISOURCE PORTFOLIO SOLUTIONS S.A.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF EQUITY

(in thousands)



	Altisource Equity
	Common stock			Additional paid-in capital		Retained earnings			Accumulated other comprehensive loss			Treasury stock, at cost			Non-controlling interests			Total
	Shares

Balance, December 31, 2014	25,413	$	25,413	$	91,509	$	367,967		$	—		$	(444,495	)	$	1,049		$	41,443
Net income	—	—		—		86,694			—			—			2,457			89,151
Distributions to non-controlling interest holders	—	—		—		—			—			—			(2,144		)	(2,144		)
Share-based compensation expense	—	—		3,258		—			—			—			—			3,258
Exercise of stock options	—	—		—		(2,054		)	—			2,386			—			332
Issuance of restricted shares for CastleLine acquisition	—	—		—		(21,612		)	—			36,039			—			14,427
Repurchase of shares	—	—		—		—			—			(48,971		)	—			(48,971		)

Balance, September 30, 2015	25,413	$	25,413	$	94,767	$	430,995		$	—		$	(455,041	)	$	1,362		$	97,496

Balance, December 31, 2015	25,413	$	25,413	$	96,321	$	369,270		$	—		$	(440,026	)	$	1,292		$	52,270
Comprehensive income:
Net income	—	—		—		49,077			—			—			1,973			51,050
Other comprehensive loss, net of tax	—	—		—		—			(2,156		)	—			—			(2,156		)
Distributions to non-controlling interest holders	—	—		—		—			—			—			(1,637		)	(1,637		)
Share-based compensation expense	—	—		4,692		—			—			—			—			4,692
Exercise of stock options	—	—		—		(58,912		)	—			67,788			—			8,876
Repurchase of shares	—	—		—		—			—			(34,321		)	—			(34,321		)

Balance, September 30, 2016	25,413	$	25,413	$	101,013	$	359,435		$	(2,156	)	$	(406,559	)	$	1,628		$	78,774

See accompanying notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.

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ALTISOURCE PORTFOLIO SOLUTIONS S.A.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

(in thousands)



	Nine months ended September 30,
	2016			2015

Cash flows from operating activities:
Net income	$	51,050		$	89,151
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization	27,521			27,637
Amortization of intangible assets	36,432			27,995
Loss on HLSS equity securities and dividends received, net	—			1,854
Change in the fair value of acquisition related contingent consideration	(1,174		)	(7,302		)
Share-based compensation expense	4,692			3,258
Bad debt expense	763			3,477
Gain on early extinguishment of debt	(5,464		)	(1,986		)
Amortization of debt discount	307			379
Amortization of debt issuance costs	850			1,045
Deferred income taxes	17			54
Loss on disposal of fixed assets	30			50
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Accounts receivable	3,505			(19,681		)
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	(10,167		)	2,001
Other assets	496			2,085
Accounts payable and accrued expenses	7,005			(20,876		)
Other current and non-current liabilities	(9,828		)	10
Net cash provided by operating activities	106,035			109,151

Cash flows from investing activities:
Additions to premises and equipment	(16,525		)	(27,670		)
Acquisition of businesses, net of cash acquired	(9,617		)	(11,193		)
Purchase of available for sale securities	(48,219		)	(29,966		)
Proceeds received from sale of and dividends from HLSS equity securities	—			28,112
Other investing activities	266			722
Net cash used in investing activities	(74,095		)	(39,995		)

Cash flows from financing activities:
Repayment and repurchases of long-term debt	(49,237		)	(29,087		)
Proceeds from stock option exercises	8,876			332
Purchase of treasury stock	(34,321		)	(48,971		)
Distributions to non-controlling interests	(1,637		)	(2,144		)
Other financing activities	—			(500		)
Net cash used in financing activities	(76,319		)	(80,370		)

Net decrease in cash and cash equivalents	(44,379		)	(11,214		)
Cash and cash equivalents at the beginning of the period	179,327			161,361

Cash and cash equivalents at the end of the period	$	134,948		$	150,147

Supplemental cash flow information:
Interest paid	$	17,244		$	19,770
Income taxes paid, net	14,178			6,638

Non-cash investing and financing activities:
Acquisition of businesses with restricted shares	$	—		$	14,427
Increase (decrease) in payables for purchases of premises and equipment	2,458			(5,326		)

See accompanying notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.

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ALTISOURCE PORTFOLIO SOLUTIONS S.A.

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

NOTE 1 — ORGANIZATION AND BASIS OF PRESENTATION

Description of Business

Altisource Portfolio Solutions S.A., together with its subsidiaries (which may be referred to as “Altisource,” the “Company,” “we,” “us” or “our”), is a premier marketplace and transaction solutions provider for the real estate, mortgage and consumer debt industries. Altisource’s proprietary business processes, vendor and electronic payment management software and behavioral science-based analytics improve outcomes for marketplace participants.

We were formed under the laws of Luxembourg and are publicly traded on the NASDAQ Global Select Market under the symbol “ASPS.”

We conduct our operations through three reportable segments: Mortgage Services, Financial Services and Technology Services. In addition, we report our corporate related expenditures and eliminations separately (see Note 23 for a description of our business segments).

Basis of Accounting and Presentation

The unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”) for interim financial information and with the instructions to Form 10-Q and Article 10 of Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) Regulation S-X. Accordingly, these financial statements do not include all of the information and footnotes required by GAAP for complete consolidated financial statements. In the opinion of management, the interim data includes all normal recurring adjustments considered necessary to fairly state the results for the interim periods presented. The preparation of interim condensed consolidated financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of our interim condensed consolidated financial statements, as well as the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Intercompany transactions and accounts have been eliminated in consolidation. Certain prior year amounts have been reclassified to conform to current year presentation.

Altisource consolidates two cooperative entities which are managed by The Mortgage Partnership of America, L.L.C. (“MPA”), a wholly-owned subsidiary of Altisource: Best Partners Mortgage Cooperative, Inc., a mortgage cooperative doing business as Lenders One^® (“Lenders One”) and Best Partners Mortgage Brokers Cooperative, Inc., a mortgage cooperative doing business as Wholesale One^® (“Wholesale One”). MPA provides services to Lenders One under a management agreement that ends on December 31, 2025 (with renewals for three successive five-year periods at MPA’s option) and to Wholesale One under a management agreement that ends on July 8, 2039 (with automatic renewals for three successive five-year periods).

The management agreements between MPA and Lenders One and between MPA and Wholesale One, pursuant to which MPA is the management company, represent variable interests in variable interest entities. MPA is the primary beneficiary of Lenders One and Wholesale One as it has the power to direct the activities that most significantly impact each of these cooperatives’ economic performance and the right to receive benefits from each of these cooperatives. As a result, Lenders One and Wholesale One are presented in the accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements on a consolidated basis and the interests of the members are reflected as non-controlling interests. As of September 30, 2016, Lenders One had total assets of $4.0 million and total liabilities of $1.9 million. As of December 31, 2015, Lenders One had total assets of $4.9 million and total liabilities of $3.7 million. As of September 30, 2016 and December 31, 2015, Wholesale One had less than $0.1 million in total assets and less than $0.1 million in total liabilities.

These interim condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2015, as filed with the SEC on March 15, 2016.

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ALTISOURCE PORTFOLIO SOLUTIONS S.A.

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)

Fair Value Measurements

Fair value is defined as an exit price, representing the amount that would be received for an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. The three-tier hierarchy for inputs used in measuring fair value, which prioritizes the inputs used in the methodologies of measuring fair value for assets and liabilities, is as follows:

Level 1 — Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets and liabilities

Level 2 — Observable inputs other than quoted prices included in Level 1

Level 3 — Unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activity and that are significant to the fair value of assets or liabilities.

Financial assets and financial liabilities are classified based on the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurements. Our assessment of the significance of a particular input to the fair value measurements requires judgment and may affect the valuation of the assets and liabilities being measured and their placement within the fair value hierarchy.

Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncement

On January 1, 2016, Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) No. 2015-03, Interest-Imputation of Interest (Subtopic 835-30): Simplifying the Presentation of Debt Issuance Costs, became effective. As a result of this accounting change, the Company now presents debt issuance costs, net as a direct deduction from the related debt (see Note 12). Prior to January 1, 2016, debt issuance costs, net were included in other assets. We adopted the standard retrospectively. Accordingly, prior period amounts were reclassified to conform to the current presentation.

Future Adoption of New Accounting Pronouncements

In May 2014, the FASB issued ASU No. 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606). This standard establishes a single comprehensive model for entities to use in accounting for revenue arising from contracts with customers and supersedes most current revenue recognition guidance. The core principle of this standard is an entity should recognize revenue to depict the transfer of promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the entity expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. This standard will be effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2017, including interim periods within that reporting period. Early adoption is permitted, although not prior to annual periods beginning after December 15, 2016. The Company is currently evaluating the impact this guidance may have on its results of operations and financial position.

In January 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-01, Financial Instruments - Overall (Subtopic 825-10): Recognition and Measurement of Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities. This standard will require equity investments (except those accounted for under the equity method of accounting or those that result in consolidation of the investee) to be measured at fair value with changes in fair value recognized in net income. The standard also simplifies the impairment assessment of equity investments without readily determinable fair values by requiring a qualitative assessment to identify impairment. When a qualitative assessment indicates that impairment exists, an entity is required to measure the investment at fair value. It also amends certain financial statement presentation and disclosure requirements associated with the fair value of financial instruments. This standard will be effective for annual periods beginning after December 31, 2017, including interim periods within that reporting period. Early adoption is not permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the impact this guidance may have on its results of operations and financial position.

In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842). This standard introduces a new lessee model that brings substantially all leases on the balance sheet. The standard will require companies to recognize lease assets and lease liabilities on their balance sheets and disclose key information about leasing arrangements in their financial statements. This standard will be effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2018, including interim periods within that reporting period. Early application of this standard is permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the impact this guidance may have on its results of operations and financial position.

In March 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-08, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606): Principal versus Agent Considerations (Reporting Revenue Gross versus Net). This standard clarifies guidance on principal versus agent considerations in connection with revenue recognition. When another party is involved in providing goods or services to a customer, an entity is required to determine whether the nature of its promise is to provide the specified good or service itself (that is, the entity is a principal) or to arrange for that good or service to be provided by the other party (that is, the entity is an agent). An entity is a principal if it controls the specified good or service before that good or service is transferred to a customer. The guidance includes indicators to assist an entity in determining whether it controls a specified good or service before it is transferred to the customer. This standard will be effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2017, including interim periods within that reporting

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ALTISOURCE PORTFOLIO SOLUTIONS S.A.

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)

period. Early adoption is permitted, although not prior to annual periods beginning after December 15, 2016. The Company is currently evaluating the impact this guidance may have on its results of operations and financial position.

In March 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-09, Compensation - Stock Compensation (Topic 718): Improvements to Employee Share-Based Payment Accounting. This standard simplifies several aspects of the accounting for share-based payment transactions, including the income tax consequences, classification of awards as either equity or liabilities and classification on the statement of cash flows. The standard will require companies to recognize all award-related excess tax benefits and tax deficiencies in their income statements, classify any excess tax benefits as an operating activity in their statements of cash flows, provide companies with the option of estimating forfeitures or recognizing forfeitures as they occur, modify the statutory tax withholding requirements and classify cash paid by employers when directly withholding shares for tax withholding purposes as an investing activity in their statements of cash flows. This standard will be effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2016, including interim periods within that reporting period. Early application of this standard is permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the impact this guidance may have on its results of operations and financial position.

In April 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-10, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606): Identifying Performance Obligations and Licensing. This standard provides guidance on identifying performance obligations in a contract with a customer and clarifying several licensing considerations, including whether an entity’s promise to grant a license provides a customer with either a right to use the entity’s intellectual property (which is satisfied at a point in time) or a right to access the entity’s intellectual property (which is satisfied over time) and guidance on sales-based and usage-based royalties. This standard will be effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2017, including interim periods within that reporting period. Early adoption is permitted, although not prior to annual periods beginning after December 15, 2016. The Company is currently evaluating the impact this guidance may have on its results of operations and financial position.

In May 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-12, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606): Narrow-Scope Improvements and Practical Expedients. This standard addresses collectability, sales taxes and other similar taxes collected from customers, non-cash consideration, contract modifications at transition and completed contracts at transition. This standard will be effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2017, including interim periods within that reporting period. Early adoption is permitted, although not prior to annual periods beginning after December 15, 2016. The Company is currently evaluating the impact this guidance may have on its results of operations and financial position.

In August 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-15, Statement of Cash Flows (Topic 230): Classification of Certain Cash Receipts and Cash Payments. This standard addresses eight specific cash flow issues with the objective of reducing the existing diversity in practice. This standard will be effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2017, including interim periods within that reporting period. Early adoption of this standard is permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the impact this guidance may have on its statement of cash flows.

In October 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-16, Income Taxes (Topic 740): Intra-Entity Transfers of Assets Other Than Inventory. This standard will require that companies recognize the income tax consequences of an intra-entity transfer of an asset (other than inventory) when the transfer occurs. Current guidance prohibits companies from recognizing current and deferred income taxes for an intra-entity asset transfer until the asset has been sold to an outside party. This standard will be effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2017, including interim periods within that reporting period. Early adoption of this standard is permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the impact this guidance may have on its results of operations and financial position.

NOTE 2 — CUSTOMER CONCENTRATION

Ocwen Financial Corporation together with its subsidiaries (“Ocwen”) is our largest customer. Ocwen purchases certain mortgage services and technology services from us under the terms of master services agreements and amendments thereto (collectively, the “Service Agreements”) with terms extending through August 2025. Certain of the Service Agreements, among other things, contain a “most favored nation” provision and the parties to the Service Agreements have the right to renegotiate pricing. Certain of the Service Agreements also prohibit Ocwen from establishing fee-based businesses that would directly or indirectly compete with Altisource’s services with respect to the Homeward Residential, Inc. and Residential Capital, LLC servicing portfolios acquired by Ocwen in December 2012 and February 2013, respectively. In addition, Ocwen purchases certain origination services from Altisource under an agreement that extends through January 2017.

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ALTISOURCE PORTFOLIO SOLUTIONS S.A.

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)

Revenue from Ocwen primarily consists of revenue earned directly from Ocwen and revenue earned from the loans serviced by Ocwen when Ocwen designates us as the service provider. Revenue from Ocwen as a percentage of segment and consolidated revenue was as follows:



	Three months ended September 30,				Nine months ended September 30,
	2016		2015		2016		2015

Mortgage Services	59	%	64	%	59	%	63	%
Financial Services	16	%	16	%	17	%	20	%
Technology Services	41	%	51	%	41	%	52	%
Consolidated revenue	56	%	60	%	56	%	59	%

For the nine months ended September 30, 2016 and 2015, we generated revenue from Ocwen of $422.2 million and $464.8 million, respectively ($141.6 million and $163.8 million for the third quarter of 2016 and 2015, respectively). Services provided to Ocwen during such periods and reported in the Mortgage Services segment included real estate asset management and sales, residential property valuation, trustee management services, property inspection and preservation services and insurance services. Services provided to Ocwen and reported in the Financial Services segment included mortgage charge-off collections. Services provided to Ocwen and reported in the Technology Services segment included information technology infrastructure management and software applications. As of September 30, 2016, accounts receivable from Ocwen totaled $32.6 million, $21.8 million of which was billed and $10.8 million of which was unbilled. As of December 31, 2015, accounts receivable from Ocwen totaled $38.2 million, $20.4 million of which was billed and $17.8 million of which was unbilled.

We earn additional revenue related to the portfolios serviced by Ocwen when a party other than Ocwen selects Altisource as the service provider. For the nine months ended September 30, 2016 and 2015, we recognized revenue of $146.0 million and $164.7 million, respectively ($48.0 million and $56.7 million for the third quarter of 2016 and 2015, respectively), related to the portfolios serviced by Ocwen when a party other than Ocwen selected Altisource as the service provider. These amounts are not included in deriving revenue from Ocwen as a percentage of revenue in the table above.

NOTE 3 — TRANSACTIONS WITH RELATED PARTIES

Through January 16, 2015, William C. Erbey served as our Chairman as well as the Executive Chairman of Ocwen and Chairman of each of Home Loan Servicing Solutions, Ltd. (“HLSS”), Altisource Residential Corporation (“Residential”) and Altisource Asset Management Corporation (“AAMC”). Effective January 16, 2015, Mr. Erbey stepped down as the Executive Chairman of Ocwen and Chairman of each of Altisource, HLSS, Residential and AAMC and is no longer a member of the Board of Directors of any of these companies. Consequently, these companies are no longer related parties of Altisource, as defined by FASB ASC Topic 850, Related Party Disclosures. The disclosures in this note are limited to the periods that each of Ocwen, HLSS, Residential and AAMC were related parties of Altisource and are not necessarily reflective of current activities with these former related parties.

Ocwen

Revenue

For the period from January 1, 2015 through January 16, 2015, we estimated that we generated revenue from Ocwen of $22.9 million. Services provided to Ocwen during such period included real estate asset management and sales, residential property valuation, trustee management services, property inspection and preservation, insurance services, charge-off mortgage collections, information technology infrastructure management and software applications.

We record revenue we earn from Ocwen under the Service Agreements at rates we believe to be comparable market rates as we believe they are consistent with the fees we charge to other customers and/or fees charged by our competitors for comparable services.

Cost of Revenue and Selling, General and Administrative Expenses

At times, we have used Ocwen’s contractors and/or employees to support Altisource related services. Ocwen generally billed us for these contractors and/or employees based on their fully-allocated cost. Additionally, through March 31, 2015, we purchased certain data relating to Ocwen’s servicing portfolio in connection with a Data Access and Services Agreement. Based upon our previously provided notice, the Data Access and Services Agreement was terminated effective March 31, 2015. For the period from January 1, 2015 through January 16, 2015, we estimated that we incurred $1.9 million of expenses related to these items.

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ALTISOURCE PORTFOLIO SOLUTIONS S.A.

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)

These amounts are reflected as a component of cost of revenue in the condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income.

We provided certain other services to Ocwen and Ocwen provided certain other services to us in connection with Support Services Agreements. These services primarily included such areas as vendor management, corporate services and facilities related services. Billings for these services were generally based on the fully-allocated cost of providing the service based on an estimate of the time and expense of providing the service or estimates thereof. Of the January 2015 billings to Ocwen, we estimated that $0.1 million related to the period from January 1, 2015 through January 16, 2015. Of the January 2015 billings from Ocwen, we estimated that $0.3 million related to the period from January 1, 2015 through January 16, 2015. These amounts are reflected as a component of selling, general and administrative expenses in the condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income.

HLSS

Prior to April 2015, HLSS was a publicly traded company whose primary objective was the acquisition of mortgage servicing rights and related servicing advances, loans held for investment and other residential mortgage related assets. We provided HLSS certain finance, human resources, tax and facilities services and sold information technology services to HLSS under a support services agreement. For the period from January 1, 2015 through January 16, 2015, our billings to HLSS were immaterial.

Residential and AAMC

Residential is focused on providing quality, affordable rental homes to families throughout the United States. AAMC is an asset management company that provides portfolio management and corporate governance services to investment vehicles that own real estate related assets. Its initial client is Residential.

We have agreements and amendments thereto, which extend through 2027, to provide Residential with renovation management, lease management, property management, real estate owned asset management, title insurance, settlement and valuation services. In addition, we have agreements with Residential and AAMC pursuant to which we may provide services such as finance, human resources, facilities, technology and insurance risk management. Further, we have separate agreements for certain services related to income tax matters, trademark licenses and technology products and services.

For the period from January 1, 2015 through January 16, 2015, we estimated that we generated revenue from Residential of $1.0 million. This amount is reflected in revenue in the condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income. This excludes revenue from services we provide to Residential’s loans serviced by Ocwen or other loan servicers where we were retained by Ocwen or Residential’s other loan servicers.

For the period from January 1, 2015 through January 16, 2015, our billings to AAMC were immaterial.

NOTE 4 — ACQUISITIONS

Granite Acquisition

On July 29, 2016, we acquired certain assets and assumed certain liabilities of Granite Loan Management of Delaware, LLC (“Granite”) for $9.6 million in cash at closing. Granite provides residential and commercial loan disbursement processing, risk mitigation and construction inspection services to lenders. The Granite acquisition is not material in relation to the Company’s results of operations or financial position.

The preliminary allocation of the purchase price is as follows:



(in thousands)

Accounts receivable, net	$	1,103
Prepaid expenses	25
Other assets	25
Premises and equipment, net	299
Goodwill	8,449
	9,901
Accounts payable and accrued expenses	(111		)
Other current liabilities	(173		)

Purchase price	$	9,617

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ALTISOURCE PORTFOLIO SOLUTIONS S.A.

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)

RentRange, Investability and Onit Solutions Acquisitions

On October 9, 2015, we acquired GoldenGator, LLC (doing business as RentRange^®) (“RentRange”), REIsmart, LLC (doing business as Investability^™) (“Investability”) and Onit Solutions, LLC, a support company for RentRange and Investability (collectively “RentRange and Investability”) for $24.8 million. RentRange is a leading provider of rental home data and information to the financial services and real estate industries, delivering a wide assortment of address and geography level data, analytics and rent-based valuation solutions for single and multi-family properties. Investability is an online residential real estate search and acquisition platform that utilizes data and analytics to allow real estate investors to access the estimated cash flow, capitalization rate, net yield and market value of properties for sale in the United States. The purchase price was composed of $17.5 million in cash and 247 thousand shares of restricted common stock of the Company with a value of $7.3 million as of the closing date. Upon issuance, the restricted shares were subject to transfer restrictions and potential forfeiture provisions. These restrictions and forfeiture provisions will lapse over a four year period, subject to the recipients meeting certain continued employment conditions with the Company and the satisfaction of certain acquisition related escrow release conditions. During the third quarter of 2016, management adjusted the allocation of the purchase price based upon information that subsequently became available relating to acquisition date working capital and the purchase price allocation to intangible assets. The working capital adjustment resulted in an obligation of the sellers to pay the Company $0.2 million. RentRange and Investability are not material in relation to the Company’s results of operations or financial position.

The initial and final allocation of the purchase price is as follows:



(in thousands)	Initial purchase price allocation			Adjustments			Final purchase price allocation

Cash	$	3		$	—		$	3
Accounts receivable, net	245			(76		)	169
Premises and equipment, net	2,471			(1,067		)	1,404
Other assets	199			(196		)	3
Trademarks and trade names	1,205			—			1,205
Databases/other	910			1,035			1,945
Non-compete agreements	330			—			330
Customer relationships	255			—			255
Goodwill	19,565			50			19,615
	25,183			(254		)	24,929
Accounts payable and accrued expenses	(391		)	46			(345		)

Purchase price	$	24,792		$	(208	)	$	24,584

CastleLine Acquisition

On July 17, 2015, we acquired CastleLine Holdings, LLC and its subsidiaries (“CastleLine”) for $33.4 million. CastleLine is a specialty risk management and insurance services firm that provides financial products and services to parties involved in the origination, underwriting, purchase and securitization of residential mortgages. The purchase consideration was composed of $12.3 million of cash at closing, $10.5 million of cash payable over four years from the acquisition date and 495 thousand shares of restricted common stock of the Company, that were subject to transfer restrictions, with a value of $14.4 million as of the closing date. Of the cash payable following acquisition, $3.8 million is contingent on certain future employment conditions of certain of the sellers, and therefore excluded from the purchase price. During the second quarter of 2016, management adjusted the allocation of the purchase price based upon information that subsequently became available relating to acquisition date working capital and the purchase price allocation to intangible assets. The CastleLine acquisition is not material in relation to the Company’s results of operations or financial position.

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ALTISOURCE PORTFOLIO SOLUTIONS S.A.

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)

The initial and final allocation of the purchase price is as follows:



(in thousands)	Initial purchase price allocation			Adjustments			Final purchase price allocation

Cash	$	1,088		$	—		$	1,088
Accounts receivable, net	510			(410		)	100
Prepaid expenses	66			(46		)	20
Restricted cash	2,501			—			2,501
Non-compete agreements	1,105			25			1,130
Databases/other	465			1,335			1,800
Customer relationships	395			—			395
Trademarks and trade names	150			10			160
Deferred taxes	—			356			356
Goodwill	28,125			(1,395		)	26,730
	34,405			(125		)	34,280
Accounts payable and accrued expenses	(875		)	38			(837		)
Deferred revenue	(87		)	87			—

Purchase price	$	33,443		$	—		$	33,443

NOTE 5 — AVAILABLE FOR SALE SECURITIES

During the nine months ended September 30, 2016, we purchased 4.1 million shares of Residential common stock for $48.2 million (no comparative amount in the third quarter of 2016). This investment is classified as available for sale and reflected in the condensed consolidated balance sheets at fair value at the balance sheet date ($45.2 million as of September 30, 2016) (no comparative amount as of December 31, 2015). Unrealized gains and losses on available for sale securities are reflected in other comprehensive income, unless there is an impairment that is other than temporary. In the event that a decline in market value is other than temporary, we would record a charge to earnings and a new cost basis in the investment would be established. During the nine months ended September 30, 2016, we incurred expenses of $3.4 million and earned dividends of $1.0 million related to this investment (no comparative amounts in 2015).

NOTE 6 — ACCOUNTS RECEIVABLE, NET

Accounts receivable, net consists of the following:



(in thousands)	September 30, 2016			December 31, 2015

Billed	$	63,066		$	67,021
Unbilled	48,288			56,458
	111,354			123,479
Less: allowance for doubtful accounts	(9,774		)	(18,456		)

Total	$	101,580		$	105,023

Unbilled receivables consist primarily of certain asset management and default management services for which we generally recognize revenues over the service delivery period but bill following completion of the service. We also include amounts in unbilled receivables that are earned during a month and billed in the following month.

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ALTISOURCE PORTFOLIO SOLUTIONS S.A.

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)

NOTE 7 — PREPAID EXPENSES AND OTHER CURRENT ASSETS

Prepaid expenses and other current assets consist of the following:



(in thousands)	September 30, 2016		December 31, 2015

Maintenance agreements, current portion	$	7,213	$	7,000
Short-term investments in real estate	8,695		—
Income taxes receivable	3,132		633
Prepaid expenses	6,166		7,873
Other current assets	6,721		6,245

Total	$	31,927	$	21,751

NOTE 8 — PREMISES AND EQUIPMENT, NET

Premises and equipment, net consists of the following:



(in thousands)	September 30, 2016			December 31, 2015

Computer hardware and software	$	163,140		$	177,010
Office equipment and other	19,586			21,720
Furniture and fixtures	13,792			14,443
Leasehold improvements	35,726			35,503
	232,244			248,676
Less: accumulated depreciation and amortization	(122,459		)	(129,555		)

Total	$	109,785		$	119,121

Depreciation and amortization expense amounted to $27.5 million and $27.6 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2016 and 2015, respectively ($9.2 million and $9.2 million for the third quarter of 2016 and 2015, respectively), and is included in cost of revenue for operating assets and in selling, general and administrative expenses for non-operating assets in the accompanying condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income.

NOTE 9 — GOODWILL AND INTANGIBLE ASSETS, NET

Goodwill

The following is a summary of goodwill by segment:



(in thousands)	Mortgage Services			Financial Services		Total

Balance as of December 31, 2015	$	80,423		$	2,378	$	82,801
Acquisition of CastleLine ⁽¹⁾	(1,395		)	—		(1,395		)
Acquisitions of RentRange and Investability ⁽²⁾	50			—		50
Acquisition of Granite	8,449			—		8,449
Balance as of September 30, 2016	$	87,527		$	2,378	$	89,905


⁽¹⁾	During the second quarter of 2016, goodwill was revised to reflect a purchase accounting measurement period adjustment related to the CastleLine acquisition. See Note 4.


⁽²⁾	During the third quarter of 2016, goodwill was revised to reflect a purchase accounting measurement period adjustment related to the RentRange and Investability acquisition. See Note 4.

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ALTISOURCE PORTFOLIO SOLUTIONS S.A.

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)

Intangible assets, net

Intangible assets, net consist of the following:



	Weighted average estimated useful life (in years)	Gross carrying amount				Accumulated amortization						Net book value
(in thousands)	Weighted average estimated useful life (in years)	September 30, 2016		December 31, 2015		September 30, 2016			December 31, 2015			September 30, 2016		December 31, 2015

Definite lived intangible assets:
Trademarks and trade names	13	$	15,254	$	15,244	$	(7,419	)	$	(6,491	)	$	7,835	$	8,753
Customer related intangible assets	10	274,428		274,428		(146,890		)	(113,725		)	127,538		160,703
Operating agreement	20	35,000		35,000		(11,667		)	(10,354		)	23,333		24,646
Non-compete agreements	4	1,460		1,435		(405		)	(115		)	1,055		1,320
Intellectual property	10	300		300		(78		)	(55		)	222		245
Other intangible assets	5	3,745		1,375		(752		)	(39		)	2,993		1,336

Total		$	330,187	$	327,782	$	(167,211	)	$	(130,779	)	$	162,976	$	197,003

Amortization expense for definite lived intangible assets was $36.4 million and $28.0 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2016 and 2015, respectively ($11.5 million and $10.1 million for the third quarter of 2016 and 2015, respectively). Expected annual definite lived intangible asset amortization for 2016 through 2020 is $47.7 million, $34.6 million, $26.1 million, $20.7 million and $16.8 million, respectively.

NOTE 10 — OTHER ASSETS

Other assets consist of the following:



(in thousands)	September 30, 2016		December 31, 2015

Security deposits	$	5,599	$	5,341
Maintenance agreements, non-current portion	1,177		1,570
Restricted cash	4,505		4,801
Other	909		1,441

Total	$	12,190	$	13,153

NOTE 11 — ACCOUNTS PAYABLE, ACCRUED EXPENSES AND OTHER CURRENT LIABILITIES

Accounts payable and accrued expenses consist of the following:



(in thousands)	September 30, 2016		December 31, 2015

Accounts payable	$	16,940	$	11,644
Accrued expenses - general	34,148		30,347
Accrued salaries and benefits	46,417		46,564
Income taxes payable	3,856		3,316

Total	$	101,361	$	91,871

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ALTISOURCE PORTFOLIO SOLUTIONS S.A.

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)

Other current liabilities consist of the following:



(in thousands)	September 30, 2016		December 31, 2015

Unfunded cash account balances	$	2,995	$	6,395
Other	10,851		9,871

Total	$	13,846	$	16,266

NOTE 12 — LONG-TERM DEBT

Long-term debt consists of the following:



(in thousands)	September 30, 2016			December 31, 2015

Senior secured term loan	$	481,140		$	536,598
Less: debt issuance costs, net	(4,778		)	(6,184		)
Less: unamortized discount, net	(1,728		)	(2,236		)
Net long-term debt	474,634			528,178
Less: current portion	(5,945		)	(5,945		)

Long-term debt, less current portion	$	468,689		$	522,233

On November 27, 2012, Altisource Solutions S.à r.l., a wholly-owned subsidiary of Altisource Portfolio Solutions S.A., entered into a senior secured term loan agreement with Bank of America, N.A., as administrative agent, and certain lenders. Altisource Portfolio Solutions S.A. and certain wholly-owned subsidiaries are guarantors of the term loan (collectively, the “Guarantors”). We subsequently amended the senior secured term loan agreement to increase the principal amount of the senior secured term loan and, among other changes, re-establish the $200.0 million incremental term loan facility accordion, lower the interest rate, extend the maturity date by approximately one year and increase the maximum amount of Restricted Junior Payments (as defined in the senior secured term loan agreement; other capitalized terms, unless defined herein, are defined in the senior secured term loan agreement).

In addition to the scheduled principal payments, subject to certain exceptions, the term loan is subject to mandatory prepayment upon issuances of debt, casualty and condemnation events and sales of assets, as well as from a percentage of Consolidated Excess Cash Flow if the leverage ratio is greater than 3.00 to 1.00, as calculated in accordance with the provisions of the senior secured term loan agreement (the percentage increases if the leverage ratio exceeds 3.50 to 1.00). No mandatory prepayments were owed for the nine months ended September 30, 2016.

During the nine months ended September 30, 2016, we repurchased portions of our senior secured term loan with an aggregate par value of $51.0 million at a weighted average discount of 13.2%, recognizing a net gain of $5.5 million on the early extinguishment of debt (no repurchases in the third quarter of 2016). During the nine months ended September 30, 2015, we repurchased portions of our senior secured term loan with an aggregate par value of $27.0 million at a weighted average discount of 9.8%, recognizing a net gain of $2.0 million on the early extinguishment of debt (repurchased aggregate par value of $11.0 million at a weighted average discount of 11.0%, recognizing a net gain of $0.9 million on the early extinguishment of debt for the third quarter of 2015). The net gains were included in other income (expense), net in the condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income.

The term loan bears interest at rates based upon, at our option, the Adjusted Eurodollar Rate or the Base Rate. Adjusted Eurodollar Rate loans bear interest at a rate per annum equal to the sum of (i) the greater of (x) the Adjusted Eurodollar Rate for the applicable interest period and (y) 1.00% plus (ii) a 3.50% margin. Base Rate loans bear interest at a rate per annum equal to the sum of (i) the greater of (x) the Base Rate and (y) 2.00% plus (ii) a 2.50% margin. The interest rate at September 30, 2016 was 4.50%.

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ALTISOURCE PORTFOLIO SOLUTIONS S.A.

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)

Term loan payments are guaranteed by the Guarantors and are secured by a pledge of all equity interests of certain subsidiaries as well as a lien on substantially all of the assets of Altisource Solutions S.à r.l. and the Guarantors, subject to certain exceptions.

The senior secured term loan agreement includes covenants that restrict or limit, among other things, our ability to: create liens and encumbrances; incur additional indebtedness; sell, transfer or dispose of assets; make Restricted Junior Payments including share repurchases, dividends and repayment of junior indebtedness; change lines of business; amend material debt agreements or other material contracts; engage in certain transactions with affiliates; enter into sale/leaseback transactions; grant negative pledges or agree to such other restrictions relating to subsidiary dividends and distributions; make changes to our fiscal year and engage in mergers and consolidations.

The senior secured term loan agreement contains certain events of default, including (i) failure to pay principal when due or interest or any other amount owing on any other obligation under the senior secured term loan agreement within five days of becoming due, (ii) material incorrectness of representations and warranties when made, (iii) breach of covenants, (iv) failure to pay principal or interest on any other debt that equals or exceeds $40.0 million when due, (v) default on any other debt that equals or exceeds $40.0 million that causes, or gives the holder or holders of such debt the ability to cause, an acceleration of such debt, (vi) occurrence of a Change of Control, (vii) bankruptcy and insolvency events, (viii) entry by a court of one or more judgments against us in an amount in excess of $40.0 million that remain unbonded, undischarged or unstayed for a certain number of days after the entry thereof, (ix) the occurrence of certain ERISA events and (x) the failure of certain Loan Documents to be in full force and effect. If any event of default occurs and is not cured within applicable grace periods set forth in the senior secured term loan agreement or waived, all loans and other obligations could become due and immediately payable and the facility could be terminated.

As of September 30, 2016, debt issuance costs were $4.8 million, net of $5.5 million of accumulated amortization. As of December 31, 2015, debt issuance costs were $6.2 million, net of $4.1 million of accumulated amortization.

Interest expense on the term loans totaled $18.5 million and $21.4 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2016 and 2015, respectively ($6.0 million and $7.0 million for the third quarter of 2016 and 2015, respectively).

NOTE 13 — OTHER NON-CURRENT LIABILITIES

Other non-current liabilities consist of the following:



(in thousands)	September 30, 2016		December 31, 2015

Acquisition related obligations	$	3,191	$	8,422
Other non-current liabilities	10,599		9,731

Total	$	13,790	$	18,153

NOTE 14 — FAIR VALUE

The following table presents the carrying amount and estimated fair value of financial instruments held by the Company as of September 30, 2016 and December 31, 2015. The following fair values are estimated using market information and what the Company believes to be appropriate valuation methodologies under GAAP are as follows:



	September 30, 2016								December 31, 2015
(in thousands)	Carrying amount		Fair value						Carrying amount		Fair value
			Level 1		Level 2		Level 3				Level 1		Level 2		Level 3
Assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	134,948	$	134,948	$	—	$	—	$	179,327	$	179,327	$	—	$	—
Restricted cash	4,505		4,505		—		—		4,801		4,801		—		—
Available for sale securities	45,174		45,174		—		—		—		—		—		—

Liabilities:
Acquisition contingent consideration	2,757		—		—		2,757		3,932		—		—		3,932
Long-term debt	481,140		—		452,272		—		536,598		—		469,523		—

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ALTISOURCE PORTFOLIO SOLUTIONS S.A.

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)

Fair Value Measurements on a Recurring Basis

Cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash are carried at amounts that approximate their fair value due to the short-term nature of these instruments and were measured using Level 1 inputs.

Available for sale securities are carried at fair value and consist of 4.1 million shares of Residential common stock. Available for sale securities are measured using Level 1 inputs as these securities have quoted prices in active markets.

The fair value of our long-term debt is based on quoted market prices. Based on the frequency of trading, we do not believe that there is an active market for our debt. Therefore, the quoted prices are considered Level 2 inputs.

In accordance with ASC Topic 805, Business Combinations, liabilities for contingent consideration are reflected at fair value and adjusted each reporting period with the change in fair value recognized in earnings. Liabilities for acquisition related contingent consideration were recorded in connection with the acquisitions of certain assets and assumption of certain liabilities of Mortgage Builder Software, Inc. and Owners Advantage, LLC in 2014. We measure the liabilities for acquisition related contingent consideration using Level 3 inputs as they are determined based on the present value of future estimated payments, which include sensitivities pertaining to discount rates and financial projections.

During the nine months ended September 30, 2015, we reached an agreement with the former owners of Equator, LLC (“Equator”) to extinguish any liability for the Equator related contingent consideration (“Equator Earn Out”) in exchange for $0.5 million. In connection with this settlement, we reduced the liability for the Equator Earn Out to $0 and recognized a $7.6 million reduction in operating expenses in the condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income.

There were no transfers between different levels during the periods presented.

NOTE 15 — SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY AND SHARE-BASED COMPENSATION

Stock Repurchase Plan

On May 18, 2016, our shareholders approved a new share repurchase program, which replaced the previous share repurchase program. Under the new program, we are authorized to purchase up to 4.6 million shares of our common stock, based on a limit of 25% of the outstanding shares of common stock on the date of approval at a minimum price of $1.00 per share and a maximum price of $500.00 per share. This is in addition to amounts previously purchased under prior programs. Under the existing and prior programs, we purchased 1.3 million shares of common stock at an average price of $26.94 per share during the nine months ended September 30, 2016 and 1.8 million shares at an average price of $27.90 per share during the nine months ended September 30, 2015 (0.5 million shares at an average price of $28.68 per share for the third quarter of 2016 and 0.2 million shares at an average price of $26.88 per share for the third quarter of 2015). As of September 30, 2016, approximately 4.0 million shares of common stock remain available for repurchase under the new program. Our senior secured term loan limits the amount we can spend on share repurchases and may prevent repurchases in certain circumstances. As of September 30, 2016, approximately $379 million was available to repurchase our common stock under our senior secured term loan.

Share-Based Compensation

We issue share-based awards in the form of stock options and certain other equity-based awards for certain employees, officers and directors. We recorded share-based compensation expense of $4.7 million and $3.3 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2016 and 2015, respectively ($1.1 million and $1.9 million for the third quarter of 2016 and 2015, respectively). As of September 30, 2016, estimated unrecognized compensation costs related to share-based awards amounted to $7.3 million, which we expect to recognize over a weighted average remaining requisite service period of approximately 2.23 years.

Stock Options

Stock option grants are composed of a combination of service-based, market-based and performance-based options.

Service-Based Options. These options generally vest over three or four years with equal annual cliff-vesting and expire on the earlier of ten years after the date of grant or following termination of service. A total of 0.9 million service-based awards were outstanding at September 30, 2016.

Market-Based Options. These option grants generally have two components, each of which vests only upon the achievement of certain criteria. The first component, which we refer to internally as “ordinary performance” grants, consists of two-thirds of the market-based grant and begins to vest if the stock price is at least double the exercise price, as long as the stock price realizes a compounded annual gain of at least 20% over the exercise price. The remaining third of the market-based options,

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ALTISOURCE PORTFOLIO SOLUTIONS S.A.

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)

which we refer to internally as “extraordinary performance” grants, begins to vest if the stock price is at least triple the exercise price, as long as the stock price realizes a compounded annual gain of at least 25% over the exercise price. Market-based awards vest in three or four year installments with the first installment vesting upon the achievement of the criteria and the remaining installments vesting thereafter in annual installments. Market-based options generally expire on the earlier of ten years after the date of grant or following termination of service, unless the performance criteria is met prior to termination of service or in the final three years of the option term, in which case vesting will generally continue in accordance with the provisions of the award agreement. A total of 1.1 million market-based awards were outstanding at September 30, 2016.

Performance-Based Options. These option grants begin to vest upon the achievement of certain business unit specific financial measures. Generally, 25% of the awards vest upon the achievement of the performance criteria and the remaining 75% vest thereafter in three equal annual installments. The award of performance-based options is adjusted based on the level of achievement specified in the award agreements. If the performance criteria achieved is below a certain threshold, the award is cancelled. The options expire on the earlier of ten years after the date of grant or following termination of service. A total of 0.1 million performance-based awards were outstanding at September 30, 2016.

The Company granted 0.1 million stock options (at a weighted average exercise price of $29.22 per share) and 0.7 million stock options (at a weighted average exercise price of $23.19 per share) during the nine months ended September 30, 2016 and 2015, respectively.

The fair values of the service-based and performance-based options were determined using the Black-Scholes option pricing model and the fair value of the market-based options was determined using a lattice (binomial) model. The following assumptions were used to determine the fair value as of the grant date:



	Nine months ended September 30, 2016		Nine months ended September 30, 2015
	Black-Scholes	Binomial	Black-Scholes	Binomial

Risk-free interest rate (%)	1.25 - 1.89	0.23 - 1.97	1.50 - 1.78	0.02 - 2.26
Expected stock price volatility (%)	59.75 - 62.14	59.76 - 62.14	55.06 - 58.58	55.06 - 57.60
Expected dividend yield	—	—	—	—
Expected option life (in years)	6.00 - 6.25	4.54 - 4.88	6.00 - 6.25	4.10 - 4.88
Fair value	$11.15 - $18.60	$11.06 - $19.27	$10.01 - $17.34	$9.91 - $16.13

We determined the expected option life of all service-based stock option grants using the simplified method. We use the simplified method because we believe that our historical data does not provide a reasonable basis upon which to estimate expected option life.

The following table summarizes the weighted average grant date fair value of stock options granted per share, the total intrinsic value of stock options exercised and the grant date fair value of stock options that vested during the period presented:



	Nine months ended September 30,
(in thousands, except per share amounts)	2016		2015

Weighted average grant date fair value of stock options granted per share	$	16.85	$	12.62
Intrinsic value of options exercised	17,280		232
Grant date fair value of stock options that vested	2,372		1,195

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ALTISOURCE PORTFOLIO SOLUTIONS S.A.

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)

The following table summarizes the activity related to our stock options:



	Number of options		Weighted average exercise price		Weighted average contractual term (in years)	Aggregate intrinsic value (in thousands)

Outstanding at December 31, 2015	3,163,125		$	20.13	4.94	$	35,842
Granted	142,654		29.22
Exercised	(1,110,193	)	9.57
Forfeited	(115,539	)	36.53

Outstanding at September 30, 2016	2,080,047		$	25.48	5.55	$	22,595

Exercisable at September 30, 2016	1,274,537		$	20.17	3.62	$	18,372

Other Share-Based Awards

The Company’s other share-based and similar types of awards are composed of restricted shares and, through August 29, 2016, Equity Appreciation Rights (“EAR”). Effective August 29, 2016, the EAR plans were terminated.

The restricted shares are service-based awards that vest over one to four years with either annual cliff-vesting, vesting of all of the restricted shares at the end of the vesting period or vesting beginning after two years of service. The Company granted 13 thousand restricted shares (at a weighted average price of $26.66 per share) during the nine months ended September 30, 2016.

The following table summarizes the activity related to our restricted shares:



	Number of restricted shares

Outstanding at December 31, 2015	272,326
Granted	12,878
Issued	(18,774	)
Forfeited	(15,400	)

Outstanding at September 30, 2016	251,030

Share-based compensation expense for stock options and restricted shares is recorded net of estimated forfeiture rates ranging from 0% to 40%.

NOTE 16 — REVENUE

Revenue includes service revenue, reimbursable expenses and non-controlling interests. Service revenue consists of amounts attributable to our fee-based services. Reimbursable expenses and non-controlling interests are pass-through items for which we earn no margin. Reimbursable expenses consist of amounts we incur on behalf of our customers in performing our fee-based services, but we pass such costs directly on to our customers without any additional markup. Non-controlling interests represent the earnings of Lenders One and Wholesale One, consolidated entities not owned by Altisource, and are included in revenue and reduced from net income to arrive at net income attributable to Altisource (see Note 1). The components of revenue were as follows:



	Three months ended September 30,				Nine months ended September 30,
(in thousands)	2016		2015		2016		2015

Service revenue	$	239,782	$	245,469	$	715,386	$	689,880
Reimbursable expenses	12,080		26,456		41,317		89,242
Non-controlling interests	883		851		1,973		2,457

Total	$	252,745	$	272,776	$	758,676	$	781,579

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ALTISOURCE PORTFOLIO SOLUTIONS S.A.

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)

NOTE 17 — COST OF REVENUE

Cost of revenue principally includes payroll and employee benefits associated with personnel employed in customer service and operations roles, fees paid to external providers related to the provision of services, reimbursable expenses, technology and telecommunications costs as well as depreciation and amortization of operating assets. The components of cost of revenue were as follows:



	Three months ended September 30,				Nine months ended September 30,
(in thousands)	2016		2015		2016		2015

Compensation and benefits	$	66,357	$	62,997	$	201,193	$	197,213
Outside fees and services	77,445		66,952		222,574		175,021
Reimbursable expenses	12,080		26,456		41,317		89,242
Technology and telecommunications	11,502		10,630		32,145		32,878
Depreciation and amortization	6,618		6,815		20,007		20,481

Total	$	174,002	$	173,850	$	517,236	$	514,835

NOTE 18 — SELLING, GENERAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE EXPENSES

Selling, general and administrative expenses include payroll and employee benefits associated with personnel employed in executive, finance, law, compliance, human resources, vendor management, risk management, sales and marketing roles. This category also includes occupancy costs, professional fees, marketing costs, depreciation and amortization of non-operating assets and other expenses. The components of selling, general and administrative expenses were as follows:



	Three months ended September 30,				Nine months ended September 30,
(in thousands)	2016		2015		2016		2015

Compensation and benefits	$	14,145	$	13,906	$	42,460	$	40,305
Occupancy related costs	8,903		9,808		26,785		30,509
Amortization of intangible assets	11,465		10,118		36,432		27,995
Professional services	4,097		4,008		17,533		18,637
Marketing costs	9,275		7,325		21,438		18,598
Depreciation and amortization	2,557		2,390		7,514		7,156
Other	3,444		3,783		9,547		12,110

Total	$	53,886	$	51,338	$	161,709	$	155,310

NOTE 19 — LOSS ON HLSS EQUITY SECURITIES AND DIVIDENDS RECEIVED

During March 2015, we purchased 1.6 million shares of HLSS common stock in the open market for $30.0 million. This investment was classified as available for sale. On April 6, 2015, HLSS completed the sale of substantially all of its assets to New Residential Investment Corp. (“NRZ”) and adopted a plan of complete liquidation and dissolution. During April 2015, we received liquidating dividends and other dividends from HLSS totaling $20.4 million and we sold all of our 1.6 million shares of HLSS common stock in the open market for $7.7 million. As a result of these transactions, we recognized a net loss of $1.9 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2015 (no comparative amounts in 2016) in connection with our investment in HLSS.

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ALTISOURCE PORTFOLIO SOLUTIONS S.A.

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)

NOTE 20 — OTHER INCOME (EXPENSE), NET

Other income (expense), net consists of the following:



	Three months ended September 30,						Nine months ended September 30,
(in thousands)	2016			2015			2016			2015

Gain on early extinguishment of debt	$	—		$	872		$	5,464		$	1,986
Expenses related to the purchase of available for sale securities	—			—			(3,356		)	—
Interest income	11			39			28			101
Other, net	(120		)	(258		)	472			(610		)

Total	$	(109	)	$	653		$	2,608		$	1,477

NOTE 21 — EARNINGS PER SHARE

Basic earnings per share (“EPS”) is computed by dividing income available to common shareholders by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding for the period. Diluted EPS reflects the assumed conversion of all dilutive securities using the treasury stock method.

Basic and diluted EPS are calculated as follows:



	Three months ended September 30,				Nine months ended September 30,
(in thousands, except per share data)	2016		2015		2016		2015

Net income attributable to Altisource	$	10,589	$	37,046	$	49,077	$	86,694

Weighted average common shares outstanding, basic	18,715		19,091		18,669		19,608
Dilutive effect of stock options and restricted shares	853		1,320		1,069		1,080

Weighted average common shares outstanding, diluted	19,568		20,411		19,738		20,688

Earnings per share:
Basic	$	0.57	$	1.94	$	2.63	$	4.42

Diluted	$	0.54	$	1.82	$	2.49	$	4.19

For the nine months ended September 30, 2016 and 2015, 0.4 million options and 0.6 million options, respectively, that were anti-dilutive have been excluded from the computation of diluted EPS (0.4 million options and 0.4 million options for the third quarter of 2016 and 2015, respectively). These options were anti-dilutive and excluded from the computation of diluted EPS because their exercise price was greater than the average market price of our common stock. Also excluded from the computation of diluted EPS are 0.4 million options and 0.3 million options for the nine months ended September 30, 2016 and 2015, respectively (0.4 million and 0.3 million options for the third quarter of 2016 and 2015, respectively), granted for shares that begin to vest upon the achievement of certain market criteria related to our common stock price, performance criteria and an annualized rate of return to shareholders that have not yet been met.

NOTE 22 — COMMITMENTS, CONTINGENCIES AND REGULATORY MATTERS

Litigation

From time to time, we are involved in legal and administrative proceedings arising in the course of our business. We record a liability for these matters if an unfavorable outcome is probable and the amount of loss can be reasonably estimated, including expected insurance coverage. For proceedings where the reasonable estimate of loss is a range, we record a best estimate of loss within the range.

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ALTISOURCE PORTFOLIO SOLUTIONS S.A.

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)

pricing and transactions with related parties that allegedly inflated Altisource Portfolio Solutions S.A. share prices. The Court subsequently appointed the Pension Fund for the International Union of Painters and Allied Trades District Council 35 and the Annuity Fund for the International Union of Painters and Allied Trades District Council 35 as Lead Plaintiffs. On January 30, 2015, Lead Plaintiffs filed an amended class action complaint which added Ocwen Financial Corporation as a defendant, and seeks a determination that the action may be maintained as a class action on behalf of purchasers of Altisource Portfolio Solutions S.A. securities between April 25, 2013 and December 21, 2014 and an unspecified amount of damages. Altisource Portfolio Solutions S.A. moved to dismiss the suit on March 23, 2015. On September 4, 2015, the Court granted the defendants’ motion to dismiss, finding that the Lead Plaintiffs’ amended complaint failed to state a claim as to any of the defendants, but permitting the Lead Plaintiffs to file another amended complaint. Lead Plaintiffs subsequently filed second and third amended complaints with substantially similar claims and theories. Altisource Portfolio Solutions S.A. moved to dismiss the third amended complaint on October 22, 2015. On December 22, 2015, the Court issued an order dismissing with prejudice all claims against Ocwen Financial Corporation and certain claims against Altisource Portfolio Solutions S.A. and the officer and director defendants, but denying the motion to dismiss as to other claims. Altisource Portfolio Solutions S.A. intends to continue to vigorously defend this suit.

On February 11, 2015, W.A. Sokolowski, an alleged shareholder of Ocwen Financial Corporation, filed an amended shareholder derivative complaint in the United States District Court for the Southern District of Florida against Ocwen Financial Corporation (as a nominal defendant), certain of its current or former officers and directors, Altisource Portfolio Solutions S.A. and other companies. The suit seeks recovery of an unspecified amount of damages for alleged breaches of fiduciary duty by Ocwen Financial Corporation’s officers and directors, which were allegedly aided and abetted by Altisource Portfolio Solutions S.A. and other defendants. Altisource Portfolio Solutions S.A. filed a motion to dismiss the complaint on November 9, 2015. While that motion was pending, additional lawsuits alleging similar claims for alleged breaches of fiduciary duties by current or former Ocwen Financial Corporation officers and directors were filed in or transferred to the Court. The Court subsequently consolidated these actions and denied Altisource Portfolio Solutions S.A.’s motion to dismiss the Sokolowski complaint without prejudice to re-file following appointment of lead counsel for the consolidated action and the filing or designation of an operative complaint. Lead counsel for plaintiffs filed their Consolidated Verified Shareholder Derivative Complaint (the “Consolidated Complaint”) on March 8, 2016. The Consolidated Complaint alleges claims that Altisource Portfolio Solutions S.A., its subsidiary Beltline Road Insurance Agency, Inc. and other defendants aided and abetted alleged breaches of fiduciary duties by Ocwen Financial Corporation officers and directors and/or were unjustly enriched in connection with business dealings with Ocwen Financial Corporation. The Consolidated Complaint also seeks contribution from Altisource Portfolio Solutions S.A., its subsidiary Beltline Road Insurance Agency, Inc. and other defendants for amounts Ocwen Financial Corporation paid in connection with a settlement with the New York State Department of Financial Services. Altisource Portfolio Solutions S.A. and Beltline Road Insurance Agency, Inc. filed motions to dismiss the Consolidated Complaint on May 13, 2016 and intend to vigorously defend the lawsuit. The Court disclosed that the parties reached a settlement in a settlement conference on October 13, 2016. The Court docket provides that a Stipulation of Settlement is due on or before November 18, 2016, and a Final Approval Hearing will be held before the Court on January 18, 2017.

On March 26, 2015, Robert Moncavage, an alleged shareholder of Ocwen Financial Corporation, filed an amended shareholder derivative complaint in the Circuit Court of the Fifteenth Judicial Circuit in and for Palm Beach County, Florida against Ocwen Financial Corporation (as a nominal defendant), certain of its current or former officers and directors, Altisource Portfolio Solutions S.A. and other companies. The suit seeks recovery of an unspecified amount of damages for alleged breaches of fiduciary duties by the current or former Ocwen Financial Corporation officers and directors, which were allegedly aided and abetted by Altisource Portfolio Solutions S.A. and other defendants. On November 9, 2015, the Court entered an order staying all proceedings in the case pending further order of the Court. If the litigation proceeds, Altisource Portfolio Solutions S.A. intends to vigorously defend the lawsuit and to move to dismiss all claims against it.

Altisource is unable to predict the outcomes of these lawsuits or reasonably estimate the potential loss, if any, arising from the suits, given that the motion to dismiss in the second case has not been adjudicated, a stay has been entered in the third case and significant legal and factual issues remain to be determined in all three cases.

In addition to the matters referenced above, we are involved in legal actions in the course of our business, some of which seek monetary damages. We do not believe that the outcome of these proceedings, both individually and in the aggregate, will have a material impact on our financial condition, results of operations or cash flows.

Regulatory Matters

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ALTISOURCE PORTFOLIO SOLUTIONS S.A.

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)

relating to certain aspects of our business. We believe it is premature to predict the potential outcome or to estimate any potential financial impact in connection with these inquiries.

Ocwen Related Matters

Ocwen is our largest customer and 56% of our revenue for the nine months ended September 30, 2016 (56% of revenue for the third quarter of 2016) was from Ocwen. Additionally, 19% of our revenue for the nine months ended September 30, 2016 (19% of revenue for the third quarter of 2016) was earned on the portfolios serviced by Ocwen, when a party other than Ocwen selected Altisource as the service provider.

As a result of the sale of substantially all of the assets of HLSS to NRZ in April of 2015, NRZ owned the rights to approximately 78% of Ocwen’s non-government-sponsored enterprise (“non-GSE”) servicing rights as of June 30, 2016. Under an agreement between NRZ and Ocwen, NRZ has the right (not necessarily the obligation or ability) to transfer servicing away from Ocwen if Ocwen does not maintain certain minimum servicer ratings on or after April 6, 2017.

Any or all of the foregoing may have significant adverse effects on Ocwen’s business and our continuing relationships with Ocwen. For example, Ocwen may be required to alter the way it conducts business, including the parties it contracts with for services (including information technology and software services), it may be required to seek changes to its existing pricing structure with us, it may lose or sell some or all of its non-GSE servicing rights or subservicing arrangements or may lose one or more of its state servicing licenses. Additional regulatory actions or adverse financial developments may impose additional restrictions on or require changes in Ocwen’s business that could require it to sell assets or change its business operations. Any or all of these effects could result in our eventual loss of Ocwen as a customer or a reduction in the number and/or volume of services they purchase from us or the loss of other customers.

If any of the following events occurred, Altisource’s revenue would be significantly lower and our results of operations would be materially adversely affected, including from the possible impairment or write-off of goodwill, intangible assets, property and equipment, other assets and accounts receivable:


•	Altisource loses Ocwen as a customer or there is a significant reduction in the volume of services they purchase from us


•	Ocwen loses or sells a significant portion or all of its non-GSE servicing rights or subservicing arrangements and Altisource fails to be retained as a service provider


•	Ocwen loses state servicing licenses in states with a significant number of loans in Ocwen’s servicing portfolio


•	Altisource fails to be retained as a service provider


•	The contractual relationship between Ocwen and Altisource changes significantly or there are significant changes to our pricing to Ocwen for services from which we generate material revenue

Management cannot predict the outcome of the above Ocwen related matters or the impact they may have on Altisource. However, in the event these Ocwen related matters materially negatively impact Altisource, we believe the impact to Altisource would occur over an extended period of time and the variable nature of our cost structure would allow us to realign our cost structure in line with remaining revenue.

In this regard, we have a plan that we believe would allow us to efficiently execute on this realignment. We believe that transfers of Ocwen’s servicing rights to a successor servicer(s) would take an extended period of time because of the approval required from many parties, including regulators, rating agencies, RMBS trustees, lenders and others. During this period of time, we believe we would continue to generate revenue from the services we provide to the transferred portfolio. Additionally, we have several strategic initiatives that focus on diversifying and growing our revenue and customer base. Our major strategic initiatives include growing our:


•	Servicer Solutions business


•	Origination Solutions business


•	Consumer Real Estate Solutions business


•	Real Estate Investor Solutions business

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ALTISOURCE PORTFOLIO SOLUTIONS S.A.

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)

We have an established sales and marketing strategy to support each of these initiatives.

Management believes our plans, together with current liquidity and cash flows from operations will be sufficient to meet working capital, capital expenditures, debt service and other cash needs. However, there can be no assurance that our plans will be successful or our operations will be profitable.

Escrow and Trust Balances

We hold customers’ assets in escrow and trust accounts at various financial institutions pending completion of certain real estate activities. We also hold cash in trust accounts at various financial institutions where contractual obligations mandate maintaining dedicated bank accounts for our Financial Services segment’s collections. These amounts are held in escrow and trust accounts for limited periods of time and are not included in the condensed consolidated balance sheets. Amounts held in escrow and trust accounts were $65.6 million and $66.6 million at September 30, 2016 and December 31, 2015, respectively.

NOTE 23 — SEGMENT REPORTING

Our business segments are based upon our organizational structure, which focuses primarily on the services offered, and are consistent with the internal reporting used by our Chief Executive Officer (our Chief Operating Decision Maker) to evaluate operating performance and to assess the allocation of our resources.

We classify our businesses into three reportable segments. The Mortgage Services segment provides loan servicers, originators, rental property investors and real estate consumers with products, services and technologies that span the mortgage and real estate lifecycle. The Financial Services segment provides collection and customer relationship management services primarily to debt originators and servicers (e.g., credit card, auto lending, retail credit and mortgage) and the utility, insurance and hotel industries. The Technology Services segment provides software and data analytics solutions that support the management of mortgage and real estate activities and marketplace transactions across the mortgage and real estate lifecycles and information technology infrastructure management services. In addition, Corporate Items and Eliminations include eliminations of transactions between the reportable segments, interest expense and costs related to corporate support functions including executive, finance, law, compliance, human resources, vendor management, risk management and sales and marketing costs not allocated to the business units. Intercompany transactions primarily consist of information technology infrastructure management services.

Financial information for our segments is as follows:



	Three months ended September 30, 2016
(in thousands)	Mortgage Services		Financial Services		Technology Services			Corporate Items and Eliminations			Consolidated Altisource

Revenue	$	204,696	$	17,599	$	41,544		$	(11,094	)	$	252,745
Cost of revenue	132,399		13,238		38,557			(10,192		)	174,002
Gross profit (loss)	72,297		4,361		2,987			(902		)	78,743
Selling, general and administrative expenses	27,543		4,002		6,115			16,226			53,886
Income (loss) from operations	44,754		359		(3,128		)	(17,128		)	24,857
Total other income (expense), net	8		28		1			(6,098		)	(6,061		)

Income (loss) before income taxes and non-controlling interests	$	44,762	$	387	$	(3,127	)	$	(23,226	)	$	18,796

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ALTISOURCE PORTFOLIO SOLUTIONS S.A.

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)



	Three months ended September 30, 2015
(in thousands)	Mortgage Services		Financial Services		Technology Services			Corporate Items and Eliminations			Consolidated Altisource

Revenue	$	209,506	$	21,337	$	51,437		$	(9,504	)	$	272,776
Cost of revenue	122,724		15,418		44,419			(8,711		)	173,850
Gross profit (loss)	86,782		5,919		7,018			(793		)	98,926
Selling, general and administrative expenses	23,399		4,553		7,628			15,758			51,338
Income (loss) from operations	63,383		1,366		(610		)	(16,551		)	47,588
Total other income (expense), net	9		31		38			(6,466		)	(6,388		)

Income (loss) before income taxes and non-controlling interests	$	63,392	$	1,397	$	(572	)	$	(23,017	)	$	41,200



	Nine months ended September 30, 2016
(in thousands)	Mortgage Services		Financial Services		Technology Services			Corporate Items and Eliminations			Consolidated Altisource

Revenue	$	612,243	$	57,461	$	120,291		$	(31,319	)	$	758,676
Cost of revenue	381,543		41,645		122,874			(28,826		)	517,236
Gross profit (loss)	230,700		15,816		(2,583		)	(2,493		)	241,440
Selling, general and administrative expenses	83,119		12,515		20,113			45,962			161,709
Income (loss) from operations	147,581		3,301		(22,696		)	(48,455		)	79,731
Total other income (expense), net	57		63		101			(16,094		)	(15,873		)

Income (loss) before income taxes and non-controlling interests	$	147,638	$	3,364	$	(22,595	)	$	(64,549	)	$	63,858



	Nine months ended September 30, 2015
(in thousands)	Mortgage Services		Financial Services		Technology Services			Corporate Items and Eliminations			Consolidated Altisource

Revenue	$	583,873	$	67,080	$	159,399		$	(28,773	)	$	781,579
Cost of revenue	350,238		46,058		144,565			(26,026		)	514,835
Gross profit (loss)	233,635		21,022		14,834			(2,747		)	266,744
Selling, general and administrative expenses	69,188		13,856		22,189			50,077			155,310
Change in the fair value of Equator Earn Out	—		—		(7,591		)	—			(7,591		)
Income (loss) from operations	164,447		7,166		236			(52,824		)	119,025
Total other income (expense), net	28		21		21			(21,843		)	(21,773		)

Income (loss) before income taxes and non-controlling interests	$	164,475	$	7,187	$	257		$	(74,667	)	$	97,252



(in thousands)	Mortgage Services		Financial Services		Technology Services		Corporate Items and Eliminations		Consolidated Altisource

Total assets:
September 30, 2016	$	315,384	$	44,652	$	141,846	$	191,450	$	693,332
December 31, 2015	325,461		53,757		151,969		190,611		721,798

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ALTISOURCE PORTFOLIO SOLUTIONS S.A.

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)

Our services are provided to customers primarily located in the United States. Premises and equipment, net consist of the following, by country:



(in thousands)	September 30, 2016		December 31, 2015

United States	$	76,683	$	85,021
India	15,705		21,187
Luxembourg	14,372		9,944
Philippines	2,776		2,664
Uruguay	249		305

Total	$	109,785	$	119,121

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Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

Management’s discussion and analysis of financial condition and results of operations (“MD&A”) is a supplement to the accompanying interim condensed consolidated financial statements and is intended to provide a reader of our financial statements with a narrative from the perspective of management on our businesses, current developments, financial condition, results of operations and liquidity. Our MD&A should be read in conjunction with our Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2015 filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) on March 15, 2016.

FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

Certain statements in this Form 10-Q regarding anticipated financial outcomes, business and market conditions, outlook and other similar statements related to Altisource’s future financial and operational performance are “forward-looking statements” made pursuant to the safe harbor provisions of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. These forward-looking statements may be identified by the use of terminology such as “anticipate,” “intend,” “expect,” “may,” “could,” “should,” “would,” “plan,” “estimate,” “believe,” “predict,” “potential” or “continue” or the negative of these terms and other comparable terminology. Forward-looking statements are not guarantees of future performance and involve a number of assumptions, risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially. The following are examples of such items and are not intended to be all inclusive:


•	assumptions related to the sources of liquidity and the adequacy of financial resources;


•	assumptions about our ability to grow our business, including executing on our strategic initiatives;


•	assumptions about our ability to improve margins;


•	expectations regarding collection rates and placements in our Financial Services segment;


•	assumptions regarding the impact of seasonality;


•	estimates regarding the calculation of our effective tax rate; and


•	estimates regarding our reserves and valuations.

Important factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from those suggested by the forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to, the risks discussed in the “Risk Factors” section of our Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2015 and include the following:


•	if, as a result of difficulties faced by Ocwen Financial Corporation and its subsidiaries (“Ocwen”), we were to lose Ocwen as a customer or there is a significant reduction in the volume of services they purchase from us;


•	our ability to execute on our strategic initiatives;


•	our ability to retain our existing customers, expand relationships and attract new customers;


•	the level of loan delinquencies and charge-offs;


•	the level of origination volume;


•	technology failures;


•	the trend toward outsourcing;


•	our ability to raise debt;


•	our ability to retain our directors, executive officers and key personnel;


•	our ability to integrate acquired businesses;


•	our ability to comply with and burdens imposed by governmental regulations and policies and any changes in such regulations and policies; and


•	significant changes in the Luxembourg tax regime or interpretations of the Luxembourg tax regime.

We caution you not to place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements as they reflect our view only as of the date of this report. We are under no obligation (and expressly disclaim any obligation) to update or alter any forward-looking statements contained herein to reflect any change in our expectations with regard thereto or any change in events, conditions or circumstances on which any such statement is based.

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OVERVIEW

Our Business

When we refer to “Altisource,” the “Company,” “we,” “us” or “our” we mean Altisource Portfolio Solutions S.A., a Luxembourg société anonyme, or public limited liability company, and its subsidiaries.

We are a premier marketplace and transaction solutions provider for the real estate, mortgage and consumer debt industries. Altisource’s proprietary business processes, vendor and electronic payment management software and behavioral science-based analytics improve outcomes for marketplace participants.

We classify our businesses into the following three reportable segments:

Mortgage Services: Provides loan servicers, originators, rental property investors and real estate consumers with products, services and technologies that span the mortgage and real estate lifecycle. Within the Mortgage Services segment, we provide:

Asset Management Services - the products, services and technologies typically used or licensed by loan servicers, rental property investors and real estate consumers to purchase, preserve, renovate, lease, manage, sell and auction single family residential real estate.

Origination Services - the products, solutions and services typically used or licensed by loan originators (or other similar mortgage market participants) in producing residential mortgages. Altisource also manages Best Partners Mortgage Cooperative, Inc., a mortgage cooperative doing business as Lenders One^® (“Lenders One”), for mortgage originators that provides its members with networking opportunities, industry related education and cost effective services and tools to help them increase revenue and improve profitability.

Insurance Services - origination and default related title insurance and settlement services for institutions and consumers, certified loan insurance and certification products to protect mortgage market participants against loses caused by mortgage underwriting defects, and residential and commercial loan and insurance claim disbursement processing, risk mitigation and construction inspection services.

Property Valuation Services - traditional appraisal management services and a variety of broker and non-broker valuation products to support mortgage originators, loan servicers, rental property investors and consumers.

Default Management Services - foreclosure trustee services for loan servicers and non-legal processing and related services for and under the supervision of foreclosure, bankruptcy and eviction attorneys.

Financial Services: Provides collection and customer relationship management services primarily to debt originators and servicers (e.g., credit card, auto lending, retail credit and mortgage) and the utility, insurance and hotel industries. Within the Financial Services segment, we provide the following services:

Asset recovery management - asset recovery management principally includes post-charge-off debt collection services on a contingency fee basis.

Customer relationship management - customer relationship management principally includes customer care, technical support and early stage collections services as well as insurance call center services and administrative support.

Technology Services: Provides software and data analytics solutions that support the management of mortgage and real estate activities and marketplace transactions across the mortgage and real estate lifecycles and information technology (“IT”) infrastructure management services. Within the Technology Services segment, we provide:

Software Services - software and data analytics solutions that facilitate process automation, rules management, controls enforcement, data security, marketplace enablement and analytics-driven outcomes across the real estate and mortgage lifecycle. We provide these capabilities primarily as software-as-a-service (or SaaS) to our customers and as enabling technologies to other Altisource business segments through a shared services model. Our servicer technologies include residential and commercial loan servicing, loss mitigation (loan modification, short sales, deed-in-lieu) and default servicing (real estate owned (“REO”), foreclosure, bankruptcy, eviction). Our origination technologies include a loan origination system, a borrower application portal, an underwriting and quality control solution and a secondary loan trading platform. Our marketplace enabling technologies include patented vendor management, marketplace transaction management and payment management platforms, a document management platform and a data analytics delivery platform.

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IT Infrastructure Services - IT management services including, among others, desktop support, data center support, network management, telephony services, application management and IT security. Some or all of these services are provided to Ocwen, Altisource Residential Corporation (“Residential”) and Altisource Asset Management Corporation through services agreements, and to other Altisource business segments through a shared services model.

Corporate Items and Eliminations: Includes interest expense and costs related to corporate support functions including executive, finance, law, compliance, human resources, vendor management, risk management and sales and marketing costs not allocated to the business units, and also includes eliminations of transactions between the reportable segments. Corporate Items and Eliminations also include the cost of certain facilities.

We classify revenue in three categories: service revenue, revenue from reimbursable expenses and non-controlling interests. In evaluating our performance, we focus on service revenue. Service revenue consists of amounts attributable to our fee-based services. Reimbursable expenses and non-controlling interests are pass-through items for which we earn no margin. Reimbursable expenses consist of amounts we incur on behalf of our customers in performing our fee-based services, but we pass such costs directly on to our customers without any additional markup. Non-controlling interests represent the earnings of Lenders One and Best Partners Mortgage Brokers Cooperative, Inc., a mortgage cooperative doing business as Wholesale One^®, consolidated entities not owned by Altisource, and are included in revenue and reduced from net income to arrive at net income attributable to Altisource.

Stock Repurchase Plan

Strategy and Growth Initiatives

Altisource provides a suite of mortgage, real estate and consumer debt services, leveraging our technology platform and global operations. Altisource is focused on becoming one of the premier providers of mortgage and real estate marketplaces and related services to a broad and diversified customer base. Within the mortgage and real estate markets, we facilitate transactions and provide products, solutions and services related to home sales, home purchases, home rentals, home maintenance, mortgage origination and mortgage servicing.

Strategically, we are focused on (1) our four key business initiatives discussed below, (2) continuing to strengthen our compliance management system and (3) maintaining strong performance and relationships with our strategic customers.

Each of our four key business initiatives positions Altisource to grow and diversify our customer and revenue base. We believe these initiatives address very large markets and directly leverage our core competencies and distinct competitive advantages. Our four strategic initiatives and a brief description of each follow:

Mortgage market:

Grow our Servicer Solutions business (the products, services and technologies typically used or licensed by loan servicers): We are focused on growing referrals from our existing customer base, expanding the service and proprietary technology offerings to our customer base, and attracting new customers to our offerings. Even as loan delinquencies return to historical norms, we believe there is a very large addressable market for our offerings. We are one of only a few providers with a broad suite of servicer solutions, nationwide coverage and demonstrated scalability. We believe we are well positioned to gain market share as customers consolidate to larger, full-service providers and outsource services that have historically been performed in-house.

Grow our Origination Solutions business (the products, services, solutions and technologies typically used or licensed by loan originators or other similar mortgage market participants): We are focused on continuing to build an industry leading, fully-integrated origination solutions platform leveraging our industry expertise and proprietary technologies. We have a strong customer base that includes Lenders One members and Mortgage Builder, Trelix (formerly known as Altisource Origination Solutions) and CastleLine customers. Our platform allows us to leverage referrals from our existing customer base, expand the quality and the

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character of our offerings and attract new customers. We believe we are well positioned to grow and gain market share as customers continue to utilize larger, full-service providers to outsource services and solutions that had historically been performed in-house.

Real estate market:

Grow our Consumer Real Estate Solutions business (a marketplace that connects home buyers and home sellers and offers the related services) primarily through Owners.com: Capitalizing on our core competencies in realty services, we have entered the consumer market by targeting the growing segment of self-directed consumers. This segment wants to self-manage part of the realty process, but still needs brokerage services to complete the transaction. Through our Owners.com brand, we are empowering consumers to perform certain tasks on their own such as searching for properties and listing and showing their own homes for sale, while offering the necessary realty services to complete the transaction with significant savings. We believe our right-sized offering and compelling savings value proposition is being well received by our target market and we are well positioned to become the market leader for the self-directed real estate consumer.

Grow our Real Estate Investor Solutions business (a marketplace that connects home buyers and home sellers of single-family-rental homes and offers the related services to buy, renovate, manage and sell homes): We are focused on supporting the growth of our existing customers, expanding the offerings to our customer base and attracting new customers to our offerings. The single-family-rental market is large, geographically distributed with fragmented ownership. Our nationwide acquisition, renovation, property management, leasing and dispositions platform provides a strong value proposition for institutional and retail investors and positions us well for long term growth.

There can be no assurance that growth from our strategic initiatives will be successful or our operations will be profitable.

Ocwen Related Matters

Revenue from Ocwen represented 56% of our revenue for the nine months ended September 30, 2016 (56% of revenue for the third quarter of 2016). Additionally, 19% of our revenue for the nine months ended September 30, 2016 (19% of revenue for the third quarter of 2016) was earned on the portfolios serviced by Ocwen, when a party other than Ocwen selected Altisource as the service provider.

Ocwen has disclosed that it is subject to a number of ongoing federal and state regulatory examinations, consent orders, inquiries, requests for information and other actions and is subject to pending legal proceedings that have or could result in adverse regulatory or other actions against Ocwen. While not all inclusive, regulatory actions to date have included subjecting Ocwen to independent oversight of its operations and placing certain restrictions on its ability to acquire servicing rights. Ocwen may become subject to future federal and state regulatory investigations, inquiries, requests for information and legal proceedings, any of which could also result in adverse regulatory or other actions against Ocwen (see Note 22 to the condensed consolidated financial statements). Management cannot predict the outcome of these Ocwen related matters or the impact they may have on Altisource. However, in the event these Ocwen related matters materially negatively impact Altisource, we believe the impact to Altisource would occur over an extended period of time and the variable nature of our cost structure would allow us to realign our cost structure in line with remaining revenue.

In this regard, we have a plan that we believe would allow us to efficiently execute on this realignment. We believe that transfers of Ocwen’s servicing rights to a successor servicer(s) would take an extended period of time because of the approval required from many parties, including regulators, rating agencies, residential mortgage-backed securities trustees, lenders and others. During this period of time, we believe we would continue to generate revenue from the services we provide to the transferred portfolio. Additionally, we have several strategic initiatives that focus on diversifying and growing our revenue and customer base. Our major strategic initiatives are described in the Strategy and Growth Initiatives section above. We have an established sales and marketing strategy to support each of these initiatives.

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Factors Affecting Comparability

The following items may impact the comparability of our results:

•

The average number of loans serviced by Ocwen on REALServicing was 1.5 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2016 compared to 2.2 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2015, a decrease of 32% (1.4 million for the third quarter of 2016 and 1.9 million for the third quarter of 2015, a decrease of 26%). The average number of delinquent non-government-sponsored enterprise loans serviced by Ocwen on REALServicing was 224 thousand for the nine months ended September 30, 2016 compared to 286 thousand for the nine months ended September 30, 2015, a decrease of 22% (211 thousand for the third quarter of 2016 and 269 thousand for the third quarter of 2015, a decrease of 22%);

•

During the nine months ended September 30, 2016 and 2015, we repurchased portions of our senior secured term loan with aggregate par values of $51.0 million and $27.0 million, respectively, ($0 and $11.0 million for the third quarter of 2016 and 2015, respectively) recognizing net gains on the early extinguishment of debt of $5.5 million and $2.0 million, respectively ($0 and $0.9 million for the third quarter of 2016 and 2015, respectively);


•	During the nine months ended September 30, 2016, we purchased 4.1 million shares of Residential common stock for $48.2 million, incurred expenses of $3.4 million and earned dividends of $1.0 million related to this investment (no comparative amounts in 2015);


•	On July 29, 2016, we acquired certain assets and assumed certain liabilities of Granite Loan Management of Delaware, LLC (“Granite”) for $9.6 million in cash at closing;

•

On October 9, 2015, we acquired GoldenGator, LLC (doing business as RentRange^®) (“RentRange”), REIsmart, LLC (doing business as Investability^™) (“Investability”) and Onit Solutions, LLC, a support company for RentRange and Investability, for $24.8 million, composed of $17.5 million in cash and 247 thousand shares of restricted common stock of the Company with a value of $7.3 million as of the closing date;

•

On July 17, 2015, we acquired CastleLine Holdings, LLC and its subsidiaries (“CastleLine”) for $33.4 million. The purchase consideration was composed of $12.3 million of cash at closing, $10.5 million of cash payable over four years from the acquisition date and 495 thousand shares of restricted common stock of the Company with a value of $14.4 million as of the closing date. Of the cash payable following acquisition, $3.8 million is contingent on certain future employment conditions of certain of the sellers, and therefore excluded from the purchase price;


•	During the nine months ended September 30, 2015, we paid the former owners of Equator, LLC (“Equator”) $0.5 million to extinguish any liability for Equator related contingent consideration (“Equator Earn Out”). In connection with this settlement, we reduced the liability for the Equator Earn Out to $0 and recognized a $7.6 million increase in earnings;


•	During the nine month ended September 30, 2015, we recognized a loss on the sale of equity securities of Home Loan Servicing Solutions, Ltd. (“HLSS”), net of dividends received, of $1.9 million;


•	Effective March 31, 2015, we terminated the Data Access and Services Agreement with Ocwen; and

•

The effective income tax rate increased to 20.1% for the nine months ended September 30, 2016 and 39.0% for the third quarter of 2016 from an increase in our expected 2016 effective tax rate and adjustments to true-up the tax provision from prior quarters. The effective tax rate increase was primarily due to lower pretax income margins, which changed the expected mix of taxable income across the jurisdictions in which we operate.

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CONSOLIDATED RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

Summary Consolidated Results

The following is a discussion of our consolidated results of operations for the periods indicated. For a more detailed discussion of the factors that affected the results of our business segments in these periods, see “Segment Results of Operations” below.

The following table sets forth information regarding our results of operations:



	Three months ended September 30,								Nine months ended September 30,
(in thousands, except per share data)	2016			2015			% Increase (decrease)		2016			2015			% Increase (decrease)

Service revenue
Mortgage Services	$	191,766		$	182,222		5		$	569,038		$	492,277		16
Financial Services	17,566			21,314			(18	)	57,376			66,977			(14	)
Technology Services	41,544			51,437			(19	)	120,291			159,399			(25	)
Eliminations	(11,094		)	(9,504		)	17		(31,319		)	(28,773		)	9
Total service revenue	239,782			245,469			(2	)	715,386			689,880			4
Reimbursable expenses	12,080			26,456			(54	)	41,317			89,242			(54	)
Non-controlling interests	883			851			4		1,973			2,457			(20	)
Total revenue	252,745			272,776			(7	)	758,676			781,579			(3	)
Cost of revenue	174,002			173,850			—		517,236			514,835			—
Gross profit	78,743			98,926			(20	)	241,440			266,744			(9	)
Selling, general and administrative expenses	53,886			51,338			5		161,709			155,310			4
Change in the fair value of Equator Earn Out	—			—			—		—			(7,591		)	(100	)
Income from operations	24,857			47,588			(48	)	79,731			119,025			(33	)
Other income (expense), net:
Interest expense	(5,952		)	(7,041		)	(15	)	(18,481		)	(21,396		)	(14	)
Loss on HLSS equity securities and dividends received, net	—			—			—		—			(1,854		)	(100	)
Other income (expense), net	(109		)	653			(117	)	2,608			1,477			77
Total other income (expense), net	(6,061		)	(6,388		)	(5	)	(15,873		)	(21,773		)	(27	)

Income before income taxes and non-controlling interests	18,796			41,200			(54	)	63,858			97,252			(34	)
Income tax provision	(7,324		)	(3,303		)	122		(12,808		)	(8,101		)	58

Net income	11,472			37,897			(70	)	51,050			89,151			(43	)
Net income attributable to non-controlling interests	(883		)	(851		)	4		(1,973		)	(2,457		)	(20	)

Net income attributable to Altisource	$	10,589		$	37,046		(71	)	$	49,077		$	86,694		(43	)

Margins:
Gross profit/service revenue	33		%	40		%			34		%	39		%
Income from operations/service revenue	10		%	19		%			11		%	17		%

Earnings per share:
Basic	$	0.57		$	1.94		(71	)	$	2.63		$	4.42		(40	)
Diluted	$	0.54		$	1.82		(70	)	$	2.49		$	4.19		(41	)

Revenue

We recognized service revenue of $715.4 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2016, a 4% increase compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2015 ($239.8 million for the third quarter of 2016, a 2% decrease compared to the third quarter of 2015).

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The increase in service revenue for the nine months ended September 30, 2016 was primarily driven by revenue growth in the asset management services businesses from higher volumes of property preservation referrals, growth in the percentage of homes sold through auction on Hubzu and growth in the number of non-Ocwen properties sold on Hubzu in the Mortgage Services segment. This increase was partially offset by decreases in IT infrastructure services in the Technology Services segment, which are typically billed on a cost plus basis, due to the transition of resources supporting Ocwen’s technology infrastructure to Ocwen, decreases in software services revenue due to lower rates charged to Ocwen for certain services and a decline in the number of loans on REALServicing in the Technology Services segment and lower customer relationship management business as we have severed relationships with and reduced the volume of services provided to certain clients that were not profitable to us and we experienced a reduction in volume from the transition of services from one customer to another. During the fourth quarter of 2015, we began transitioning resources supporting technology infrastructure to Ocwen as a part of the previously announced separation of technology infrastructure. We anticipate this transition will be largely complete by December 31, 2016. In addition, in early 2015, the pricing model to Ocwen for REO preservation services within asset management services changed. Historically, we billed (1) a fixed fee per REO asset (which was recognized as service revenue) and (2) actual vendor costs (which were recognized as reimbursable expenses revenue). Beginning in early 2015, our pricing for new Ocwen REO referrals is on a per service basis (which is recognized as service revenue). This change results in certain services that were historically reimbursable expenses revenue becoming service revenue. As a result, service revenue in the Mortgage Services segment asset management services businesses increased and reimbursable expenses revenue decreased.

Service revenue declined by 2% in the third quarter of 2016 as the revenue growth from non-Ocwen customers and higher property preservation referrals from Ocwen largely offset the expected loss in revenue from Ocwen’s declining portfolio and lower delinquencies in addition to lower customer relationship management revenue, as described above.

Certain of our revenues are impacted by seasonality. More specifically, Mortgage Services’ revenue is impacted by REO sales and lawn maintenance, which tend to be at their lowest level during the fall and winter months and at their highest level during the spring and summer months. Financial Services’ asset recovery management revenue tends to be higher in the first quarter, as borrowers may utilize tax refunds and bonuses to pay debts, and generally declines throughout the rest of the year.

Cost of Revenue and Gross Profit

Cost of revenue principally includes payroll and employee benefits associated with personnel employed in customer service and operations roles, fees paid to external providers related to the provision of services, reimbursable expenses, technology and telecommunications costs and depreciation and amortization of operating assets.

We recognized cost of revenue of $517.2 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2016, a slight increase compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2015 ($174.0 million for the third quarter of 2016, a slight increase compared to the third quarter of 2015). The increases were primarily driven by higher outside fees and services, largely offset by decreases in reimbursable expenses. Outside fees and services increased due to higher volumes of property preservation referrals and the change in billing discussed in the revenue section above, partially offset for the nine months ended September 30, 2016 by the March 31, 2015 termination of the Data Access and Services Agreement. Reimbursable expenses declined as a result of the change in billing discussed in the revenue section above. Compensation and benefits costs increased, particularly in the second and third quarters of 2016, from our investments to support certain of our growth initiatives in the Mortgage Services segment, partially offset by cost savings initiatives and the transition of resources supporting technology infrastructure to Ocwen.

Gross profit decreased to $241.4 million, representing 34% of service revenue, for the nine months ended September 30, 2016 compared to $266.7 million, representing 39% of service revenue, for the nine months ended September 30, 2015 (decreased to $78.7 million, representing 33% of service revenue, for the third quarter of 2016 compared to $98.9 million, representing 40% of service revenue, for the third quarter of 2015). Gross profit as a percentage of service revenue decreased primarily due to higher growth in the lower margin property preservation services, higher compensation and benefits costs in the Mortgage Services segment to support our growth initiatives and reductions in volumes and prices in the Technology Services segment that exceeded the decline in costs. The decrease for the nine months ended September 30, 2016 was partially offset by the March 31, 2015 termination of the Data Access and Services Agreement with Ocwen.

Selling, General and Administrative Expenses, Other Operating Expenses and Income from Operations

Selling, general and administrative expenses (“SG&A”) include payroll for personnel employed in executive, finance, law, compliance, human resources, vendor management, risk management, sales and marketing roles. This category also includes occupancy costs, amortization of intangible assets, professional services, marketing costs and depreciation and amortization.

We recognized SG&A of $161.7 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2016, a 4% increase compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2015 ($53.9 million for the third quarter of 2016, a 5% increase compared to the third quarter of

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2015). The increases were primarily due to higher amortization of intangible assets and an increase in marketing costs, primarily related to Owners.com, as we launched our buy side brokerage marketing campaign in 2016, partially offset by lower occupancy costs due to the completion of several office relocations in 2015.

We recognized a gain in other operating expenses on the change in the fair value of the Equator Earn Out of $7.6 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2015. The liability for contingent consideration was reflected at fair value and adjusted each reporting period with the change in fair value recognized in earnings. In 2015, we reached an agreement with the former owners of Equator to extinguish any liability for the Equator Earn Out. In connection with this settlement, we reduced the liability for the Equator Earn Out to $0 and recognized a $7.6 million increase in earnings.

Income from operations decreased to $79.7 million, representing 11% of service revenue, for the nine months ended September 30, 2016 compared to $119.0 million, representing 17% of service revenue, for the nine months ended September 30, 2015 (decreased to $24.9 million, representing 10% of service revenue, for the third quarter of 2016 compared to $47.6 million, representing 19% of service revenue, for the third quarter of 2015). The decreases in operating income margin were primarily the result of decreases in gross profit margin, higher SG&A expenses and the 2015 Equator Earn Out gain, as discussed above.

Other Income (Expense), net

Other income (expense), net principally includes interest expense and other non-operating gains and losses. Interest expense was $18.5 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2016, a decrease of $2.9 million compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2015 ($6.0 million for the third quarter of 2016, a decrease of $1.1 million compared to the third quarter of 2015), primarily from the 2016 and 2015 repurchases of portions of our senior secured term loan with an aggregate par value of $100.0 million.

During the nine months ended September 30, 2016, we purchased 4.1 million shares of Residential common stock for $48.2 million, incurred expenses of $3.4 million and earned dividends of $1.0 million related to this investment (no comparative amounts in 2015).

During March 2015, we purchased 1.6 million shares of HLSS common stock in the open market for $30.0 million. On April 6, 2015, HLSS completed the sale of substantially all of its assets to New Residential Investment Corp. (“NRZ”) and adopted a plan of complete liquidation and dissolution. During April 2015, we received liquidating dividends and other dividends from HLSS totaling $20.4 million and we sold all of our 1.6 million shares of HLSS common stock in the open market for $7.7 million. As a result of these transactions, we recognized a net loss of $1.9 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2015 (no comparative amounts in 2016) in connection with our investment in HLSS.

Income Tax Provision

We recognized an income tax provision of $12.8 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2016 compared to $8.1 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2015 ($7.3 million and $3.3 million for the third quarter of 2016 and 2015, respectively). Our effective tax rate was 20.1% and 8.3% for the nine months ended September 30, 2016 and September 30, 2015, respectively (39.0% and 8.0% for the third quarter of 2016 and 2015, respectively). Our effective tax rate differs from the Luxembourg statutory tax rate of 29.2% primarily due to the effect of certain deductions in Luxembourg and the mix of income and losses with varying tax rates in multiple taxing jurisdictions. The income tax provision for the third quarter of 2016 reflects an increase in the 2016 effective tax rate and adjustments to true-up the tax provision from prior quarters, resulting in an anticipated 2016 annual effective tax rate of approximately 20%. The higher effective income tax rate for the nine months ended September 30, 2016 was primarily the result of lower pretax income margins which changed the expected mix of taxable income across the jurisdictions in which we operate. Our consolidated effective income tax rate for financial reporting purposes may change periodically due to changes in enacted tax rates, fluctuations in the mix of income earned from our domestic and international operations and our ability to utilize net operating loss and tax credit carryforwards.

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SEGMENT RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

The following section provides a discussion of pretax results of operations of our business segments. Transactions between segments are accounted for as third party arrangements for purposes of presenting segment results of operations. Intercompany transactions primarily consist of IT infrastructure management services and professional services billed by Technology Services. We reflect these as service revenue in the Technology Services segment and technology and telecommunications costs within cost of revenue and SG&A in the segment receiving the services. Certain prior year SG&A cost allocations from Corporate to the segments have been reclassified to conform to the current year presentation.

Financial information for our segments is as follows:



	Three months ended September 30, 2016
(in thousands)	Mortgage Services			Financial Services			Technology Services			Corporate Items and Eliminations			Consolidated Altisource

Revenue
Service revenue	$	191,766		$	17,566		$	41,544		$	(11,094	)	$	239,782
Reimbursable expenses	12,047			33			—			—			12,080
Non-controlling interests	883			—			—			—			883
	204,696			17,599			41,544			(11,094		)	252,745
Cost of revenue	132,399			13,238			38,557			(10,192		)	174,002
Gross profit (loss)	72,297			4,361			2,987			(902		)	78,743
Selling, general and administrative expenses	27,543			4,002			6,115			16,226			53,886
Income (loss) from operations	44,754			359			(3,128		)	(17,128		)	24,857
Total other income (expense), net	8			28			1			(6,098		)	(6,061		)

Income (loss) before income taxes and non-controlling interests	$	44,762		$	387		$	(3,127	)	$	(23,226	)	$	18,796

Margins:
Gross profit/service revenue	38		%	25		%	7		%	N/M			33		%
Income (loss) from operations/service revenue	23		%	2		%	(8		)%	N/M			10		%

N/M — not meaningful.



	Three months ended September 30, 2015
(in thousands)	Mortgage Services			Financial Services			Technology Services			Corporate Items and Eliminations			Consolidated Altisource

Revenue
Service revenue	$	182,222		$	21,314		$	51,437		$	(9,504	)	$	245,469
Reimbursable expenses	26,433			23			—			—			26,456
Non-controlling interests	851			—			—			—			851
	209,506			21,337			51,437			(9,504		)	272,776
Cost of revenue	122,724			15,418			44,419			(8,711		)	173,850
Gross profit (loss)	86,782			5,919			7,018			(793		)	98,926
Selling, general and administrative expenses	23,399			4,553			7,628			15,758			51,338
Income (loss) from operations	63,383			1,366			(610		)	(16,551		)	47,588
Total other income (expense), net	9			31			38			(6,466		)	(6,388		)

Income (loss) before income taxes and non-controlling interests	$	63,392		$	1,397		$	(572	)	$	(23,017	)	$	41,200

Margins:
Gross profit/service revenue	48		%	28		%	14		%	N/M			40		%
Income (loss) from operations/service revenue	35		%	6		%	(1		)%	N/M			19		%

N/M — not meaningful.



	Nine months ended September 30, 2016
(in thousands)	Mortgage Services			Financial Services			Technology Services			Corporate Items and Eliminations			Consolidated Altisource

Revenue
Service revenue	$	569,038		$	57,376		$	120,291		$	(31,319	)	$	715,386
Reimbursable expenses	41,232			85			—			—			41,317
Non-controlling interests	1,973			—			—			—			1,973
	612,243			57,461			120,291			(31,319		)	758,676
Cost of revenue	381,543			41,645			122,874			(28,826		)	517,236
Gross profit (loss)	230,700			15,816			(2,583		)	(2,493		)	241,440
Selling, general and administrative expenses	83,119			12,515			20,113			45,962			161,709
Income (loss) from operations	147,581			3,301			(22,696		)	(48,455		)	79,731
Total other income (expense), net	57			63			101			(16,094		)	(15,873		)

Income (loss) before income taxes and non-controlling interests	$	147,638		$	3,364		$	(22,595	)	$	(64,549	)	$	63,858

Margins:
Gross profit (loss)/service revenue	41		%	28		%	(2		)%	N/M			34		%
Income (loss) from operations/service revenue	26		%	6		%	(19		)%	N/M			11		%

N/M — not meaningful.



	Nine months ended September 30, 2015
(in thousands)	Mortgage Services			Financial Services			Technology Services			Corporate Items and Eliminations			Consolidated Altisource

Revenue
Service revenue	$	492,277		$	66,977		$	159,399		$	(28,773	)	$	689,880
Reimbursable expenses	89,139			103			—			—			89,242
Non-controlling interests	2,457			—			—			—			2,457
	583,873			67,080			159,399			(28,773		)	781,579
Cost of revenue	350,238			46,058			144,565			(26,026		)	514,835
Gross profit (loss)	233,635			21,022			14,834			(2,747		)	266,744
Selling, general and administrative expenses	69,188			13,856			22,189			50,077			155,310
Change in the fair value of Equator Earn Out	—			—			(7,591		)	—			(7,591		)
Income (loss) from operations	164,447			7,166			236			(52,824		)	119,025
Total other income (expense), net	28			21			21			(21,843		)	(21,773		)

Income (loss) before income taxes and non-controlling interests	$	164,475		$	7,187		$	257		$	(74,667	)	$	97,252

Margins:
Gross profit/service revenue	47		%	31		%	9		%	N/M			39		%
Income from operations/service revenue	33		%	11		%	—		%	N/M			17		%

N/M — not meaningful.

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Mortgage Services

Revenue

Revenue by service line was as follows:



	Three months ended September 30,						Nine months ended September 30,
(in thousands)	2016		2015		% Increase (decrease)		2016		2015		% Increase (decrease)

Service revenue:
Asset management services	$	144,001	$	130,074	11		$	420,667	$	334,093	26
Insurance services	23,560		25,801		(9	)	68,288		74,280		(8	)
Residential property valuation	11,438		13,769		(17	)	46,567		47,210		(1	)
Default management services	4,499		7,006		(36	)	14,524		20,774		(30	)
Origination services	8,268		5,572		48		18,992		15,920		19
Total service revenue	191,766		182,222		5		569,038		492,277		16

Reimbursable expenses:
Asset management services	9,662		23,548		(59	)	32,157		81,386		(60	)
Insurance services	1,791		2,140		(16	)	7,026		5,322		32
Default management services	516		692		(25	)	1,873		2,320		(19	)
Origination services	78		53		47		176		111		59
Total reimbursable expenses	12,047		26,433		(54	)	41,232		89,139		(54	)

Non-controlling interests	883		851		4		1,973		2,457		(20	)

Total revenue	$	204,696	$	209,506	(2	)	$	612,243	$	583,873	5

We recognized service revenue of $569.0 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2016, a 16% increase compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2015 ($191.8 million for the third quarter of 2016, a 5% increase compared to the third quarter of 2015).

The increase in service revenue for the nine months ended September 30, 2016 was primarily due to revenue growth in the asset management services businesses from higher volumes of property preservation referrals, growth in the percentage of homes sold through auction on Hubzu, growth in the number of non-Ocwen properties sold on Hubzu and customer growth in origination services. In addition, in early 2015, the pricing model to Ocwen for REO preservation services within asset management services changed. Historically, we billed (1) a fixed fee per REO asset (which was recognized as service revenue) and (2) actual vendor costs (which were recognized as reimbursable expenses revenue). Beginning in early 2015, our pricing for new Ocwen REO referrals is on a per service basis (which is recognized as service revenue). This change results in certain services that were historically reimbursable expenses revenue becoming service revenue. As a result, service revenue in the asset management services businesses increased and reimbursable expenses revenue decreased. The increase was partially offset by decreases in insurance services and default management services due to a reduction in foreclosure file referrals.

The increase in service revenue for the third quarter of 2016 was primarily due to growth in the volume of property preservation referrals, as described above.

Certain of our Mortgage Services businesses are impacted by seasonality. REO sales and lawn maintenance services within the asset management services business are generally lowest during the fall and winter months and highest during the spring and summer months.

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Cost of Revenue and Gross Profit

Cost of revenue consists of the following:



	Three months ended September 30,						Nine months ended September 30,
(in thousands)	2016		2015		% Increase (decrease)		2016		2015		% Increase (decrease)

Compensation and benefits	$	30,431	$	21,108	44		$	85,865	$	62,112	38
Outside fees and services	76,710		66,381		16		220,369		173,103		27
Reimbursable expenses	12,047		26,433		(54	)	41,232		89,139		(54	)
Technology and telecommunications	12,284		7,856		56		31,275		23,193		35
Depreciation and amortization	927		946		(2	)	2,802		2,691		4

Cost of revenue	$	132,399	$	122,724	8		$	381,543	$	350,238	9

Cost of revenue for the nine months ended September 30, 2016 of $381.5 million increased by 9% compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2015 ($132.4 million for the third quarter of 2016, an 8% increase compared to the third quarter of 2015). The increases were primarily attributable to higher outside fees and services, compensation and benefits costs and technology and telecommunications costs, partially offset by a decrease in reimbursable expenses. Outside fees and services increased from a higher volume of property preservation referrals and the change in billing discussed in the revenue section above, partially offset for the nine months ended September 30, 2016 by the termination of the Data Access and Services Agreement effective March 31, 2015. Compensation and benefits costs and technology and telecommunications costs increased from our investments to support certain of our growth initiatives. Reimbursable expenses declined primarily as a result of the change in billing discussed in the revenue section above.

Gross profit decreased to $230.7 million, representing 41% of service revenue, for the nine months ended September 30, 2016 compared to $233.6 million, representing 47% of service revenue, for the nine months ended September 30, 2015 (decreased to $72.3 million representing 38% of service revenue for the third quarter of 2016, compared to $86.8 million representing 48% of service revenue for the third quarter of 2015). Gross profit as a percentage of service revenue decreased from a change in revenue mix, as a higher percentage of revenue in 2016 was from lower margin property preservation services and higher compensation and benefits costs and technology and telecommunications costs, as described above. For the nine months ended September 30, 2016, this decrease was partially offset by the March 31, 2015 termination of the Data Access and Services Agreement with Ocwen.

Our margins can vary substantially depending upon service revenue mix.

Selling, General and Administrative Expenses and Income from Operations

SG&A expenses consist of the following:



	Three months ended September 30,						Nine months ended September 30,
(in thousands)	2016		2015		% Increase (decrease)		2016		2015		% Increase (decrease)

Compensation and benefits	$	1,789	$	1,148	56		$	7,631	$	3,159	142
Professional services	1,852		1,278		45		8,502		9,388		(9	)
Occupancy related costs	3,486		2,744		27		10,087		8,147		24
Amortization of intangible assets	9,542		7,941		20		30,863		21,158		46
Depreciation and amortization	750		614		22		2,202		1,768		25
Marketing costs	9,003		6,433		40		20,598		16,213		27
Other	1,121		3,241		(65	)	3,236		9,355		(65	)

Selling, general and administrative expenses	$	27,543	$	23,399	18		$	83,119	$	69,188	20

SG&A for the nine months ended September 30, 2016 of $83.1 million increased by 20% compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2015 ($27.5 million for the third quarter of 2016, an 18% increase compared to the third quarter of 2015). The increases were primarily driven by higher amortization of intangible assets, marketing costs and compensation and benefits costs, partially offset by lower other costs. The increase in marketing costs relates primarily to Owners.com, as we launched our buy side brokerage marketing campaign in 2016. Compensation and benefits costs and occupancy related costs increased primarily due to growth of the sales and marketing organizations to support our revenue and customer diversification initiatives and higher

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headcount to support certain of our growth initiatives. The decrease in other costs for the nine months ended September 30, 2016 was primarily due to a favorable loss accrual adjustment for the three months ended March 31, 2016.

Income from operations decreased to $147.6 million, representing 26% of service revenue, for the nine months ended September 30, 2016 compared to $164.4 million, representing 33% of service revenue, for the nine months ended September 30, 2015 (decreased to $44.8 million representing 23% of service revenue for the third quarter of 2016, compared to $63.4 million, representing 35% of service revenue for the third quarter of 2015). The decreases in operating income margin were primarily the result of lower gross profit margins from the change in the revenue mix and higher SG&A expenses, as discussed above.

Financial Services

Revenue

Revenue by service line was as follows:



	Three months ended September 30,						Nine months ended September 30,
(in thousands)	2016		2015		% Increase (decrease)		2016		2015		% Increase (decrease)

Service revenue:
Customer relationship management	$	8,777	$	13,138	(33	)	$	29,052	$	38,323	(24	)
Asset recovery management	8,789		8,176		7		28,324		28,654		(1	)
Total service revenue	17,566		21,314		(18	)	57,376		66,977		(14	)

Reimbursable expenses:
Asset recovery management	33		23		43		85		103		(17	)
Total reimbursable expenses	33		23		43		85		103		(17	)

Total revenue	$	17,599	$	21,337	(18	)	$	57,461	$	67,080	(14	)

We recognized service revenue of $57.4 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2016, a 14% decrease compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2015 ($17.6 million for the third quarter of 2016, an 18% decrease compared to the third quarter of 2015). The decreases were primarily due to lower customer relationship management business as we have severed relationships with and reduced the volume of services provided to certain clients that were not profitable to us and we experienced a reduction in volume from the transition of services from one customer to another.

Certain of our Financial Services businesses are impacted by seasonality. Revenue in the asset recovery management business tends to be higher in the first quarter, as borrowers may utilize tax refunds and bonuses to pay debts, and generally declines throughout the remainder of the year.

Cost of Revenue and Gross Profit

Cost of revenue consists of the following:



	Three months ended September 30,						Nine months ended September 30,
(in thousands)	2016		2015		% Increase (decrease)		2016		2015		% Increase (decrease)

Compensation and benefits	$	10,019	$	11,843	(15	)	$	31,554	$	34,797	(9	)
Outside fees and services	762		620		23		2,283		2,050		11
Reimbursable expenses	33		23		43		85		103		(17	)
Technology and telecommunications	1,990		2,486		(20	)	6,409		7,726		(17	)
Depreciation and amortization	434		446		(3	)	1,314		1,382		(5	)

Cost of revenue	$	13,238	$	15,418	(14	)	$	41,645	$	46,058	(10	)

Cost of revenue for the nine months ended September 30, 2016 of $41.6 million decreased by 10% compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2015 ($13.2 million for the third quarter of 2016, a 14% decrease compared to the third quarter of 2015). The decreases in cost of revenue were primarily due to a decrease in compensation and benefits costs and lower technology and

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telecommunications costs resulting from the implementation of cost savings initiatives in 2015. In addition, compensation and benefits costs were lower as a result of reduced headcount in the customer relationship management business, as discussed above.

Gross profit decreased to $15.8 million, representing 28% of service revenue, for the nine months ended September 30, 2016 compared to $21.0 million, representing 31% of service revenue, for the nine months ended September 30, 2015 (decreased to $4.4 million, representing 25% of service revenue, for the third quarter of 2016 compared to $5.9 million, representing 28% of service revenue, for the third quarter of 2015). Gross profit margins declined as the decrease in customer relationship management revenue exceeded the reduction in expenses. Revenue mix in the asset recovery management business also impacted gross profit margins with higher revenue in the lower margin credit card collections business and lower revenue in the higher margin mortgage charge-off collections business.

Selling, General and Administrative Expenses and Income from Operations

SG&A expenses consist of the following:



	Three months ended September 30,						Nine months ended September 30,
(in thousands)	2016		2015		% Increase (decrease)		2016		2015		% Increase (decrease)

Compensation and benefits	$	192	$	302	(36	)	$	581	$	654	(11	)
Professional services	251		323		(22	)	565		962		(41	)
Occupancy related costs	1,529		1,795		(15	)	4,870		5,641		(14	)
Amortization of intangible assets	988		825		20		2,762		2,897		(5	)
Depreciation and amortization	572		612		(7	)	1,780		1,826		(3	)
Other	470		696		(32	)	1,957		1,876		4

Selling, general and administrative expenses	$	4,002	$	4,553	(12	)	$	12,515	$	13,856	(10	)

SG&A for the nine months ended September 30, 2016 of $12.5 million decreased by 10% compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2015 ($4.0 million for the third quarter of 2016, a 12% decrease compared to the third quarter of 2015). The decreases were primarily the result of lower compensation and benefits costs and occupancy related costs due to lower headcount in the customer relationship management business largely attributable to the reasons discussed above and lower professional services expenses driven by a decrease in legal costs.

Income from operations decreased to $3.3 million, representing 6% of service revenue, for the nine months ended September 30, 2016 compared to $7.2 million, representing 11% of service revenue, for the nine months ended September 30, 2015 (decreased to $0.4 million, representing 2% of service revenue, for the third quarter of 2016 compared to $1.4 million, representing 6% of service revenue, for the third quarter of 2015). The decreases in operating income as a percentage of service revenue were primarily the result of lower gross profit margins, partially offset by lower SG&A, as discussed above.

Technology Services

Revenue

Revenue by service line was as follows:



	Three months ended September 30,						Nine months ended September 30,
(in thousands)	2016		2015		% Increase (decrease)		2016		2015		% Increase (decrease)

Service revenue:
Software services	$	30,917	$	36,403	(15	)	$	88,076	$	107,614	(18	)
IT infrastructure services	10,627		15,034		(29	)	32,215		51,785		(38	)

Total revenue	$	41,544	$	51,437	(19	)	$	120,291	$	159,399	(25	)

We recognized service revenue of $120.3 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2016, a 25% decrease compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2015 ($41.5 million for the third quarter of 2016, a 19% decrease compared to the third quarter of 2015). The decreases were driven by lower IT infrastructure services due to the implementation of cost reduction initiatives and the transitioning of resources supporting Ocwen’s technology infrastructure to Ocwen, which are generally billed on a cost

plus basis, and a decrease in software services revenue due to lower rates charged to Ocwen for certain technologies and a decline in the number of loans on REALServicing.

For segment presentation purposes, revenue from services provided by Technology Services to our other reportable segments is eliminated in consolidation. This intercompany revenue is included as revenue in the Technology Services segment and as technology and telecommunications costs, a component of cost of revenue and SG&A, in our other reportable segments.

Cost of Revenue and Gross Profit (Loss)

Cost of revenue consists of the following:



	Three months ended September 30,						Nine months ended September 30,
(in thousands)	2016		2015		% Increase (decrease)		2016		2015		% Increase (decrease)

Compensation and benefits	$	25,907	$	30,046	(14	)	$	83,774	$	100,304	(16	)
Outside fees and services	6		3		100		21		16		31
Technology and telecommunications	7,387		8,947		(17	)	23,188		27,837		(17	)
Depreciation and amortization	5,257		5,423		(3	)	15,891		16,408		(3	)

Cost of revenue	$	38,557	$	44,419	(13	)	$	122,874	$	144,565	(15	)

Cost of revenue for the nine months ended September 30, 2016 of $122.9 million decreased by 15% compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2015 ($38.6 million for the third quarter of 2016, a 13% decrease compared to the third quarter of 2015). The decreases were primarily due to lower compensation and benefits and technology and telecommunications costs driven by the implementation of cost savings initiatives in 2015 and the transition of resources supporting technology infrastructure to Ocwen as part of the infrastructure separation. In addition, compensation and benefits costs for the nine months ended September 30, 2016 and 2015 include $0.6 million and $3.2 million, respectively, of severance expense related to the reduction of staff.

Gross loss was $(2.6) million, representing (2)% of service revenue, for the nine months ended September 30, 2016 compared to gross profit of $14.8 million, representing 9% of service revenue, for the nine months ended September 30, 2015 (gross profit was $3.0 million, representing 7% of service revenue, for the third quarter of 2016 compared to $7.0 million, representing 14% of service revenue, for the third quarter of 2015) as the decline in revenue exceeded the decline in compensation and benefits costs and technology and telecommunications costs.

Selling, General and Administrative Expenses, Other Operating Expenses and Income (Loss) from Operations

SG&A expenses consist of the following:



	Three months ended September 30,							Nine months ended September 30,
(in thousands)	2016			2015		% Increase (decrease)		2016		2015		% Increase (decrease)

Compensation and benefits	$	(38	)	$	750	(105	)	$	1,004	$	2,623	(62	)
Professional services	923			402		130		2,474		840		195
Occupancy related costs	2,697			3,220		(16	)	8,127		10,349		(21	)
Amortization of intangible assets	935			1,352		(31	)	2,807		3,940		(29	)
Depreciation and amortization	872			594		47		2,485		1,434		73
Marketing costs	227			307		(26	)	717		629		14
Other	499			1,003		(50	)	2,499		2,374		5

Selling, general and administrative expenses	$	6,115		$	7,628	(20	)	$	20,113	$	22,189	(9	)

SG&A for the nine months ended September 30, 2016 of $20.1 million decreased by 9% compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2015 ($6.1 million for the third quarter of 2016, a 20% decrease compared to the third quarter of 2015). The decreases were primarily driven by lower occupancy costs related to facility consolidation and relocation during 2015, lower amortization of intangible assets driven by the write-off of certain intangible assets in the fourth quarter of 2015 and lower compensation and benefits from the implementation of cost savings initiatives in 2015, partially offset by an increase in professional services due to higher legal and regulatory costs and higher depreciation and amortization related to the facility consolidations and relocations in 2015.

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We recognized a gain in other operating expenses on the change in fair value of the Equator Earn Out of $7.6 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2015. The liability for contingent consideration was reflected at fair value and adjusted each reporting period with the change in fair value recognized in earnings. In 2015, we reached an agreement with the former owners of Equator to extinguish any liability for the Equator Earn Out. In connection with this settlement, we reduced the liability for the Equator Earn Out to $0 and recognized a $7.6 million increase in earnings.

Loss from operations was $(22.7) million, representing (19)% of service revenue, for the nine months ended September 30, 2016 compared to income from operations of $0.2 million, representing less than 1% of service revenue, for the nine months ended September 30, 2015 (loss from operations was $(3.1) million, representing (8)% of service revenue, for the third quarter of 2016 compared to loss from operations of $(0.6) million, representing (1)% of service revenue, for the third quarter of 2015). Loss from operations as a percentage of service revenue increased primarily due to the decrease in service revenue, partially offset by the decreases in cost of revenue and SG&A, as discussed above.

Corporate Items and Eliminations

Corporate Items and Eliminations include interest expense, costs related to corporate support functions including executive, finance, law, compliance, human resources, vendor management, risk management, sales and marketing cost not allocated to the business units and non-operating items. It also includes eliminations of transactions between the reportable segments.

Selling, General and Administrative Expenses and Other Income (Expense), net

Corporate costs consist of the following:



	Three months ended September 30,							Nine months ended September 30,
(in thousands)	2016		2015			% Increase (decrease)		2016		2015			% Increase (decrease)

Compensation and benefits	$	12,202	$	11,706		4		$	33,244	$	33,869		(2	)
Professional services	1,071		2,005			(47	)	5,992		7,447			(20	)
Occupancy related costs	1,191		2,049			(42	)	3,701		6,372			(42	)
Depreciation and amortization	363		570			(36	)	1,047		2,128			(51	)
Marketing costs	33		424			(92	)	99		1,485			(93	)
Other	1,366		(996		)	237		1,879		(1,224		)	254

Selling, general and administrative expenses	16,226		15,758			3		45,962		50,077			(8	)

Total other income (expense), net	6,098		6,466			(6	)	16,094		21,843			(26	)

Total corporate costs	$	22,324	$	22,224		—		$	62,056	$	71,920		(14	)

SG&A for the nine months ended September 30, 2016 of $46.0 million decreased by 8% compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2015 ($16.2 million for the third quarter of 2016, a 3% increase compared to the third quarter of 2015). For the nine months ended September 30, 2016, the decrease was primarily driven by lower legal and regulatory costs and occupancy related costs and increased support department allocations to the segments. SG&A for the third quarter of 2016 was largely consistent with the third quarter of 2015.

Other income (expense), net primarily includes interest expense and other non-operating gains and losses. Other income (expense), net for the nine months ended September 30, 2016 of $16.1 million decreased by 26% compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2015 ($6.1 million for the third quarter of 2016, a 6% decrease compared to the third quarter of 2015). Interest expense was $18.5 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2016, a decrease of $2.9 million compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2015 ($6.0 million for the third quarter of 2016, a decrease of $1.1 million compared to the third quarter of 2015), primarily from the 2016 and 2015 repurchases of our senior secured term loan with an aggregate par value of $100.0 million.

During March 2015, we purchased 1.6 million shares of HLSS common stock in the open market for $30.0 million. On April 6, 2015, HLSS completed the sale of substantially all of its assets to NRZ and adopted a plan of complete liquidation and dissolution. During April 2015, we received liquidating dividends and other dividends from HLSS totaling $20.4 million and we sold all of our 1.6 million shares of HLSS common stock in the open market for $7.7 million. As a result of these transactions, we recognized a net loss of $1.9 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2015 (no comparative amounts in 2016) in connection with our investment in HLSS.

Intercompany revenue that is eliminated in consolidation increased for the nine months ended September 30, 2016 and the third quarter of 2016 compared to the similar periods in 2015. These intercompany transactions consisted primarily of IT infrastructure services which are billed on a cost plus basis along with professional services billed by Technology Services. The increase was due to the increase in technology costs related to higher volume of activity primarily in Mortgage Services segment. While the expenses are recognized in the Mortgage Services and Financial Services segments above, the elimination of these expenses is reflected in Corporate Items and Eliminations.

LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES

Liquidity

Our primary source of liquidity is cash flows from operations. We seek to deploy excess cash generated in a disciplined manner. Principally, we intend to use excess cash to develop complementary services and businesses that we believe will generate attractive margins in line with our core capabilities and strategy. We may also use cash to repurchase and repay our senior secured term loan and repurchase shares of our common stock. We also consider and evaluate business acquisitions that may arise from time to time that are aligned with our strategy.

For the nine months ended September 30, 2016, we used $49.2 million to repay and repurchase portions of the senior secured term loan and make contractual repayments of the senior secured term loan ($1.5 million for the third quarter of 2016) and $34.3 million to repurchase shares of our common stock ($14.6 million for the third quarter of 2016).

Senior Secured Term Loan

On November 27, 2012, Altisource Solutions S.à r.l., a wholly-owned subsidiary of Altisource Portfolio Solutions S.A., entered into a senior secured term loan agreement with Bank of America, N.A., as administrative agent, and certain lenders. Altisource Portfolio Solutions S.A. and certain wholly-owned subsidiaries are guarantors of the term loan. We subsequently amended the senior secured term loan agreement to increase the principal amount of the senior secured term loan and, among other changes, re-establish the $200.0 million incremental term loan facility accordion, lower the interest rate, extend the maturity date by approximately one year and increase the maximum amount of Restricted Junior Payments (as defined in the senior secured term loan agreement; other capitalized terms, unless defined herein, are defined in the senior secured term loan agreement). The lenders of the senior secured term loan, as amended, have no obligation to provide any such additional debt under the accordion provision. As of September 30, 2016, $481.1 million was outstanding under the senior secured term loan agreement, as amended, compared to $536.6 million as of December 31, 2015.

After giving effect to the third amendment entered into on August 1, 2014, the term loan must be repaid in equal consecutive quarterly principal installments of $1.5 million, which commenced on September 30, 2014, with the balance due at maturity. All amounts outstanding under the senior secured term loan agreement will become due on the earlier of (i) December 9, 2020 and (ii) the date on which the loans are declared to be due and owing by the administrative agent at the request (or with the consent) of the Required Lenders or as otherwise provided in the senior secured term loan agreement upon the occurrence of any event of default under the senior secured term loan agreement. However, if the leverage ratio exceeds 3.00 to 1.00, as calculated in accordance with the provisions of the senior secured term loan agreement, a percentage of cash flows must be used to repay principal (the percentage increases if the leverage ratio exceeds 3.50 to 1.00). No mandatory prepayments were required for the nine months ended September 30, 2016. The interest rate as of September 30, 2016 was 4.50%.

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million at a weighted average discount of 11.0%, recognizing a net gain of $0.9 million on the early extinguishment of debt for the third quarter of 2015).

The debt covenants in the senior secured term loan agreement limit, among other things, our ability to incur additional debt, pay dividends and repurchase shares of our common stock. In the event we require additional liquidity, our ability to obtain it may be limited by the senior secured term loan.

Cash Flows

The following table presents our cash flows for the nine months ended September 30:



(in thousands)	2016			2015			% Increase (decrease)

Net income adjusted for non-cash items	$	115,024		$	145,612		(21	)
Changes in operating assets and liabilities	(8,989		)	(36,461		)	75
Net cash flows provided by operating activities	106,035			109,151			(3	)
Net cash flows used in investing activities	(74,095		)	(39,995		)	(85	)
Net cash flows used in financing activities	(76,319		)	(80,370		)	5
Net decrease in cash and cash equivalents	(44,379		)	(11,214		)	(296	)
Cash and cash equivalents at the beginning of the period	179,327			161,361			11

Cash and cash equivalents at the end of the period	$	134,948		$	150,147		(10	)

Cash Flows from Operating Activities

Cash flows from operating activities generally consist of the cash effects of transactions and events that enter into the determination of net income. For the nine months ended September 30, 2016, we generated cash flows from operating activities of $106.0 million, or approximately $0.15 for every dollar of service revenue ($0.15 for every dollar of service revenue for the third quarter of 2016) compared to cash flows from operating activities of $109.2 million, or approximately $0.16 for every dollar of service revenue for the nine months ended September 30, 2015 ($0.22 for every dollar of service revenue for the third quarter of 2015). The decrease in cash flows from operations for the nine months ended September 30, 2016 compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2015 was principally driven by lower net income, partially offset by an improvement in working capital changes. Changes in working capital were principally driven by higher collections of accounts receivable and the timing of payment of accounts payable and other accrued expenses, partially offset by higher prepaid expenses and other current assets from our investment in real estate that we are renovating and intend to sell and payments totaling $2.9 million related to deferred purchase consideration for the July 17, 2015 acquisition of CastleLine.

Operating cash flows per service revenue dollar can be negatively impacted because of the nature of some of our services. Certain services are performed immediately following or shortly after the referral, but the collection of the receivable does not occur until a specific event occurs (e.g., the foreclosure is complete, the REO asset is sold, etc.) and our cash flows from operations may be negatively impacted when comparing one interim period to another.

Cash Flows from Investing Activities

Cash flows from investing activities primarily include capital expenditures, acquisitions of businesses and purchases and sales of available for sale securities. For the nine months ended September 30, 2016 and 2015, we used $16.5 million and $27.7 million, respectively, for capital expenditures primarily related to investments in the development of certain software applications, IT infrastructure and facility build-outs. The decrease in capital expenditures primarily related to the completion of projects in 2015, including several office facility relocations. In addition, during the nine months ended September 30, 2016, we purchased 4.1 million shares of Residential common stock for $48.2 million, including brokers’ commissions. On July 29, 2016, we acquired Granite for $9.6 million.

During March 2015, we purchased 1.6 million shares of HLSS common stock for $30.0 million, including brokers’ commissions. During the nine months ended September 30, 2015, we received $28.1 million from liquidating dividends and the sale of the HLSS common stock. On July 17, 2015, we acquired CastleLine for $11.2 million of cash at acquisition, excluding cash balances acquired of $1.1 million. Additionally, the acquisition includes $10.5 million of cash payable over four years from the acquisition date and $14.4 million of restricted common stock of the Company.

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Cash Flows from Financing Activities

Cash flows from financing activities for the nine months ended September 30, 2016 and 2015 include activities associated with share repurchases, debt repurchases and repayments, stock option exercises and payments to non-controlling interests. During the nine months ended September 30, 2016 and 2015, we used $34.3 million and $49.0 million, respectively, to repurchase our common stock. During the nine months ended September 30, 2016 and 2015, we used $49.2 million and $29.1 million, respectively, to repurchase portions of our senior secured term loan and make scheduled repayments of our senior secured term loan. During the nine months ended September 30, 2016 and 2015, we received $8.9 million and $0.3 million, respectively, from stock option exercises. During the nine months ended September 30, 2016 and 2015, we distributed $1.6 million and $2.1 million, respectively, to non-controlling interests.

Liquidity Requirements after September 30, 2016

On September 12, 2014, we acquired certain assets and assumed certain liabilities of Mortgage Builder Software, Inc. (“Mortgage Builder”). The Mortgage Builder purchase agreement provides for the payment of up to $7.0 million in potential additional consideration based on Adjusted Revenue (as defined in the purchase agreement). As of September 30, 2016, we have recorded $1.5 million of potential additional consideration related to the Mortgage Builder acquisition. The amount ultimately paid will depend on Mortgage Builder’s Adjusted Revenue in the three consecutive 12-month periods following acquisition.

On November 21, 2014, we acquired certain assets and assumed certain liabilities of Owners Advantage, LLC (“Owners”). The Owners purchase agreement provides for a payment of up to $7.0 million of potential additional consideration based on Adjusted Revenue (as defined in the purchase agreement) earned in the two consecutive 12-month periods following closing. We estimated the fair value of the Owners contingent consideration to be $1.3 million as of September 30, 2016. The amount ultimately paid will depend on Owners’ Adjusted Revenue earned in the two consecutive 12-month periods following acquisition.

On July 17, 2015, we acquired CastleLine. A portion of the purchase consideration totaling $10.5 million is payable to the sellers over four years from the acquisition date, including $3.8 million to be paid to certain of the sellers that is contingent on future employment. As of September 30, 2016, we have paid $2.9 million of the $10.5 million that is payable over four years from the acquisition date and $0 of the $3.8 million purchase consideration that is contingent on future employment.

During the fourth quarter of 2016, we expect to distribute $0.4 million to the Lenders One members representing non-controlling interests and repay $1.5 million of the senior secured term loan.

We believe that we will generate sufficient cash flows from operations to fund capital expenditures and required debt and interest payments for the next 12 months.

Contractual Obligations, Commitments and Contingencies

For the nine months ended September 30, 2016, there were no significant changes to our contractual obligations from those identified in our Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2015, other than those that occur in the normal course of business. See Note 22 to the condensed consolidated financial statements.

CRITICAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES, ESTIMATES AND RECENT ACCOUNTING PRONOUNCEMENT

We prepare our interim condensed consolidated financial statements in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. In applying many of these accounting principles, we need to make assumptions, estimates and judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenue and expenses in our condensed consolidated financial statements. We base our estimates and judgments on historical experience and other assumptions that we believe are reasonable under the circumstances. These assumptions, estimates and judgments, however, are often subjective. Actual results may be negatively affected based on changing circumstances. If actual amounts are ultimately different from our estimates, the revisions are included in our results of operations for the period in which the actual amounts become known.

Our critical accounting policies are described in the MD&A section of our Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2015 filed with the SEC on March 15, 2016. Those policies have not changed during the nine months ended September 30, 2016.

Future Adoption of New Accounting Pronouncements

See Note 1 to the condensed consolidated financial statements for a discussion of the future adoption of new accounting pronouncements.

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Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk

Market Risk

Our financial market risk consists primarily of interest rate and foreign currency exchange rate risk.

Interest Rate Risk

As of September 30, 2016, the interest rate charged on the senior secured term loan was 4.50%. The interest rate is calculated based on the Adjusted Eurodollar Rate (as defined in the senior secured term loan agreement) with a minimum floor of 1.00% plus 3.50%.

Based on the principal amount outstanding at September 30, 2016, a one percentage point increase in the Eurodollar Rate would increase our annual interest expense by approximately $2.5 million, based on the September 30, 2016 Adjusted Eurodollar Rate. There would be no change in our annual interest expense if there was a one percentage point decrease in the Eurodollar Rate.

Currency Exchange Risk

We are exposed to currency risk from potential changes in currency values of our non-United States dollar denominated expenses, assets, liabilities and cash flows. Our most significant currency exposure relates to the Indian rupee. Based on expenses incurred in Indian rupees during the nine months ended September 30, 2016, a one percentage point increase or decrease in value of the Indian rupee in relation to the United States dollar would increase or decrease our annual expenses by approximately $1.1 million.

Item 4. Controls and Procedures

Management, under the supervision of and with the participation of our Chief Executive Officer and our Chief Financial Officer, has evaluated the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rule 13a-15(e) and Rule 15d-15(e) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”)) as of the end of the period covered by this quarterly report. Based on such evaluation and solely because we have not completed remediation of the previously disclosed material weakness in internal control over financial reporting (see our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2015) related to ineffective controls related to the review of impairment indicators of long-lived assets, including premises and equipment, and the impairment analysis of indefinite-lived assets, primarily goodwill, management concluded that our internal control over financial reporting was not effective as of September 30, 2016. A material weakness is a deficiency, or a combination of deficiencies, in internal control over financial reporting, such that there is a reasonable possibility that a material misstatement of the annual or interim financial statements will not be prevented or detected on a timely basis.

We are in the process of implementing remediation measures to address the above-described material weakness and enhance the Company’s internal control over financial reporting related to the review of impairment indicators of long-lived assets and the impairment analysis of indefinite-lived assets by taking the following actions:


•	Review the processes related to the impairment assessment of long-lived and indefinite-lived assets


•	Enhance review controls relating to the review of impairment indicators of long-lived assets and the impairment analysis of indefinite-lived assets


•	Test and evaluate the design and operating effectiveness of the control procedures


•	Assess the effectiveness of the remediation plan

In the third quarter of 2016, we began the process of implementing a remediation plan and intend to complete remediation of the material weakness by December 31, 2016. We believe the remediation measures will strengthen the Company’s internal control over financial reporting related to the review of impairment indicators of long-lived assets and the impairment analysis of indefinite-lived assets and will remediate the material weakness identified. We will continue to monitor the effectiveness of these remediation measures and will make any changes and take such other actions that we deem appropriate given the circumstances. The material weakness will not be considered remediated until these plans have been fully implemented, tested and are operating effectively for a sufficient period of time.

Other than the steps taken in implementing our remediation plan, there were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting (as defined in the Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) that occurred during the quarter ended September 30, 2016, that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

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PART II — OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1. Legal Proceedings

On September 8, 2014, the West Palm Beach Firefighters’ Pension Fund filed a putative securities class action suit against Altisource Portfolio Solutions S.A. and certain of its current or former officers and directors in the United States District Court for the Southern District of Florida alleging violations of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 and Rule 10b-5 with regard to disclosures concerning pricing and transactions with related parties that allegedly inflated Altisource Portfolio Solutions S.A. share prices. The Court subsequently appointed the Pension Fund for the International Union of Painters and Allied Trades District Council 35 and the Annuity Fund for the International Union of Painters and Allied Trades District Council 35 as Lead Plaintiffs. On January 30, 2015, Lead Plaintiffs filed an amended class action complaint which added Ocwen Financial Corporation as a defendant, and seeks a determination that the action may be maintained as a class action on behalf of purchasers of Altisource Portfolio Solutions S.A. securities between April 25, 2013 and December 21, 2014 and an unspecified amount of damages. Altisource Portfolio Solutions S.A. moved to dismiss the suit on March 23, 2015. On September 4, 2015, the Court granted the defendants’ motion to dismiss, finding that the Lead Plaintiffs’ amended complaint failed to state a claim as to any of the defendants, but permitting the Lead Plaintiffs to file another amended complaint. Lead Plaintiffs subsequently filed second and third amended complaints with substantially similar claims and theories. Altisource Portfolio Solutions S.A. moved to dismiss the third amended complaint on October 22, 2015. On December 22, 2015, the Court issued an order dismissing with prejudice all claims against Ocwen Financial Corporation and certain claims against Altisource Portfolio Solutions S.A. and the officer and director defendants, but denying the motion to dismiss as to other claims. Altisource Portfolio Solutions S.A. intends to continue to vigorously defend this suit.

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Regulatory Matters

Periodically, we are subject to audits, examinations and investigations by federal, state and local governmental authorities and receive subpoenas, civil investigative demands or other requests for information from such governmental authorities in connection with their regulatory or investigative authority. We are currently responding to such inquiries from governmental authorities relating to certain aspects of our business. We believe it is premature to predict the potential outcome or to estimate any potential financial impact in connection with these inquiries.

Item 1A. Risk Factors

As of the date of this filing, there have been no material changes in our risk factors from those disclosed in Part I, Item 1A, of our Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2015 filed with the SEC on March 15, 2016.

Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds

The following table presents information related to our repurchases of our equity securities during the three months ended September 30, 2016:



Period	Total number of shares purchased⁽¹⁾	Weighted average price paid per share		Total number of shares purchased as part of publicly announced plans or programs⁽²⁾	Maximum number of shares that may yet be purchased under the plans or programs⁽²⁾

Common stock:
July 1 – 31, 2016	43,880	$	25.15	43,880	4,476,277
August 1 – 31, 2016	396,950	28.38		396,950	4,079,327
September 1 – 30, 2016	66,860	32.77		66,860	4,012,467

	507,690	$	28.68	507,690	4,012,467


⁽¹⁾	May include shares withheld from employees to satisfy tax withholding obligations that arose from the exercise of stock options.


⁽²⁾	On May 18, 2016, our shareholders authorized a new share repurchase program that replaces the prior program and authorizes us to purchase up to 4.6 million shares of our common stock in the open market.

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Item 6. Exhibits



*	10.1	Non-Qualified Stock Option Award Agreement between the Company and Gregory J. Ritts, dated as of August 29, 2016

*	10.2	Non-Qualified Stock Option Award Agreement between the Company and Vivek Bhandari, dated as of August 29, 2016

	10.3	Form of Director Restricted Share Award Agreement (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 of the Company’s Form 8-K filed on August 24, 2016)

	10.4	Amendment and Waiver Agreement dated September 30, 2016 between Altisource Solutions S.à r.l. and Altisource Residential Corporation (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 of the Company’s Form 8-K filed on October 3, 2016)

*	31.1	Section 302 Certification of the Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Exchange Act Rule 13a-14(a)

*	31.2	Section 302 Certification of the Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Exchange Act Rule 13a-14(a)

*	32.1	Certification by the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

*	101	Pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T, the following financial information from the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the period ended September 30, 2016 is formatted in XBRL interactive data files: (i) Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets at September 30, 2016 and December 31, 2015; (ii) Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2016 and 2015; (iii) Condensed Consolidated Statements of Equity for the nine months ended September 30, 2016 and 2015; (iv) Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the nine months ended September 30, 2016 and 2015; and (v) Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

*	Filed herewith

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SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.



		ALTISOURCE PORTFOLIO SOLUTIONS S.A.
		(Registrant)

Date:	October 27, 2016	By:	/s/ Michelle D. Esterman
			Michelle D. Esterman
			Chief Financial Officer
			(On behalf of the Registrant and as its Principal Financial Officer)