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ALTISOURCE PORTFOLIO SOLUTIONS S.A. - Quarter Report: 2019 September (Form 10-Q)

 
UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
 
FORM 10-Q
 
þ
QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the quarterly period ended September 30, 2019
OR
o
TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
Commission File Number: 1-34354
 
ALTISOURCE PORTFOLIO SOLUTIONS S.A.
(Exact name of Registrant as specified in its Charter)
 
Luxembourg
98-0554932
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)
(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)
40, avenue Monterey
L-2163 Luxembourg
Grand Duchy of Luxembourg
(Address of principal executive offices) (Zip Code)
(352) 24 69 79 00
(Registrant’s telephone number)
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
Title of each class
 
Trading Symbol
 
Name of each exchange on which registered
Common Stock, $1.00 par value
 
ASPS
 
NASDAQ Global Select Market
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes þ  No o

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§ 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes þ  No o

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
Large accelerated filer o
Accelerated filer þ
Non-accelerated filer o 
Smaller reporting company o
 
Emerging growth company o
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. o

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes o  No þ

As of October 18, 2019, there were 15,688,752 shares of the registrant’s common stock outstanding (excluding 9,723,996 shares held as treasury stock).
 

Table of Contents

Table of Contents

ALTISOURCE PORTFOLIO SOLUTIONS S.A.

FORM 10-Q

 
 
 
Page
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 


2
Table of Contents

PART I — FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1. Interim Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

ALTISOURCE PORTFOLIO SOLUTIONS S.A.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(in thousands, except per share data)
 
September 30,
2019
 
December 31,
2018
 
 
 
 
ASSETS
Current assets:
 
 
 
Cash and cash equivalents
$
66,901

 
$
58,294

Investment in equity securities (Note 4)
40,093

 
36,181

Accounts receivable, net
64,083

 
36,466

Short-term investments in real estate (Note 7)
—

 
39,873

Prepaid expenses and other current assets
16,254

 
30,720

Total current assets
187,331

 
201,534

 
 
 
 
Premises and equipment, net (Note 8)
28,431

 
45,631

Right-of-use assets under operating leases (Notes 1 and 9)
26,028

 
—

Goodwill
79,009

 
81,387

Intangible assets, net
65,318

 
91,653

Deferred tax assets, net
293,412

 
309,089

Other assets
9,600

 
12,406

 
 
 
 
Total assets
$
689,129

 
$
741,700

 
 
 
 
LIABILITIES AND EQUITY
Current liabilities:
 
 
 
Accounts payable and accrued expenses
$
66,999

 
$
87,240

Deferred revenue
5,274

 
10,108

Other current liabilities (Notes 1 and 12)
16,721

 
7,030

Total current liabilities
88,994

 
104,378

 
 
 
 
Long-term debt
287,707

 
331,476

Other non-current liabilities (Notes 1 and 14)
23,772

 
9,178

 
 
 
 
Commitments, contingencies and regulatory matters (Note 24)


 


 
 
 
 
Equity:
 
 
 
Common stock ($1.00 par value; 100,000 shares authorized, 25,413 issued and 15,778 outstanding as of September 30, 2019; 16,276 outstanding as of December 31, 2018)
25,413

 
25,413

Additional paid-in capital
130,951

 
122,667

Retained earnings
579,557

 
590,655

Treasury stock, at cost (9,635 shares as of September 30, 2019 and 9,137 shares as of
December 31, 2018)
(448,590
)
 
(443,304
)
Altisource equity
287,331

 
295,431

 
 
 
 
Non-controlling interests
1,325

 
1,237

Total equity
288,656

 
296,668

 
 
 
 
Total liabilities and equity
$
689,129

 
$
741,700


See accompanying notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.

3
Table of Contents

ALTISOURCE PORTFOLIO SOLUTIONS S.A.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS AND COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS)
(in thousands, except per share data)
 
 
Three months ended
 September 30,
 
Nine months ended September 30,
 
 
2019
 
2018
 
2019
 
2018
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Revenue
 
$
141,493

 
$
204,575

 
$
507,963

 
$
620,569

Cost of revenue
 
110,906

 
147,580

 
387,651

 
457,980

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Gross profit
 
30,587

 
56,995

 
120,312

 
162,589

Operating expenses (income):
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Selling, general and administrative expenses
 
27,184

 
46,329

 
104,275

 
132,377

Gain on sale of businesses (Note 3)
 
(17,558
)
 
(13,688
)
 
(17,558
)
 
(13,688
)
Restructuring charges (Note 23)
 
2,761

 
3,436

 
9,080

 
3,436

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Income from operations
 
18,200

 
20,918

 
24,515

 
40,464

Other income (expense), net:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Interest expense
 
(3,357
)
 
(6,725
)
 
(16,656
)
 
(19,615
)
Unrealized (loss) gain on investment in equity securities (Note 4)
 
(2,294
)
 
1,782

 
11,731

 
(4,186
)
Other income (expense), net
 
406

 
154

 
1,308

 
(2,435
)
Total other income (expense), net
 
(5,245
)
 
(4,789
)
 
(3,617
)
 
(26,236
)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Income before income taxes and non-controlling interests
 
12,955

 
16,129

 
20,898

 
14,228

Income tax provision
 
(5,379
)
 
(6,608
)
 
(20,670
)
 
(6,059
)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net income
 
7,576

 
9,521

 
228

 
8,169

Net income attributable to non-controlling interests
 
(411
)
 
(854
)
 
(2,091
)
 
(2,066
)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net income (loss) attributable to Altisource
 
$
7,165

 
$
8,667

 
$
(1,863
)
 
$
6,103

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Earnings (loss) per share:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Basic
 
$
0.45

 
$
0.51

 
$
(0.12
)
 
$
0.36

Diluted
 
$
0.44

 
$
0.49

 
$
(0.12
)
 
$
0.35

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Weighted average shares outstanding:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Basic
 
15,897

 
17,033

 
16,133

 
17,184

Diluted
 
16,151

 
17,575

 
16,133

 
17,669

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Comprehensive income (loss):
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net income
 
$
7,576

 
$
9,521

 
$
228

 
$
8,169

Other comprehensive (loss) income, net of tax:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Reclassification of unrealized gain on investment in equity securities,
net of income tax provision of $200, to retained earnings from the
cumulative effect of an accounting change
 
—

 
—

 
—

 
(733
)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Comprehensive income, net of tax
 
7,576

 
9,521

 
228

 
7,436

Comprehensive income attributable to non-controlling interests
 
(411
)
 
(854
)
 
(2,091
)
 
(2,066
)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Comprehensive income (loss) attributable to Altisource
 
$
7,165

 
$
8,667

 
$
(1,863
)
 
$
5,370


See accompanying notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.

4
ALTISOURCE PORTFOLIO SOLUTIONS S.A.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF EQUITY
(in thousands)



 
Altisource Equity
 
 
 
 
 
Common stock
 
Additional paid-in capital
 
Retained earnings
 
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)
 
Treasury stock, at cost
 
Non-controlling interests
 
Total
 
Shares
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Balance, December 31, 2017
25,413

 
$
25,413

 
$
112,475

 
$
626,600

 
$
733

 
$
(426,609
)
 
$
1,373

 
$
339,985

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net (loss) income
—

 
—

 
—

 
(4,132
)
 
—

 
—

 
525

 
(3,607
)
Distributions to non-controlling interest holders
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
(672
)
 
(672
)
Share-based compensation expense
—

 
—

 
2,201

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
2,201

Cumulative effect of accounting changes
—

 
—

 
—

 
(9,715
)
 
(733
)
 
—

 
—

 
(10,448
)
Exercise of stock options and issuance of restricted share units and restricted shares
—

 
—

 
—

 
(12,500
)
 
—

 
15,117

 
—

 
2,617

Repurchase of shares
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
(9,994
)
 
—

 
(9,994
)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Balance, March 31, 2018
25,413

 
25,413

 
114,676

 
600,253

 
—

 
(421,486
)
 
1,226

 
320,082

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net income
—

 
—

 
—

 
1,568

 
—

 
—

 
687

 
2,255

Distributions to non-controlling interest holders
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
(509
)
 
(509
)
Share-based compensation expense
—

 
—

 
1,910

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
1,910

Exercise of stock options and issuance of restricted share units and restricted shares
—

 
—

 
—

 
(4,737
)
 
—

 
4,827

 
—

 
90

Treasury shares withheld for the payment of tax on restricted share unit and restricted share issuances and stock option exercises
—

 
—

 
—

 
(816
)
 
—

 
406

 
—

 
(410
)
Repurchase of shares
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
(11,127
)
 
—

 
(11,127
)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Balance, June 30, 2018
25,413

 
25,413

 
116,586

 
596,268

 
—

 
(427,380
)
 
1,404

 
312,291

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net income
—

 
—

 
—

 
8,667

 
—

 
—

 
854

 
9,521

Distributions to non-controlling interest holders
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
(731
)
 
(731
)
Share-based compensation expense
—

 
—

 
2,039

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
2,039

Exercise of stock options and issuance of restricted share units and restricted shares
—

 
—

 
—

 
(1,287
)
 
—

 
2,156

 
—

 
869

Treasury shares withheld for the payment of tax on restricted share unit and restricted share issuances and stock option exercises
—

 
—

 
—

 
(305
)
 
—

 
107

 
—

 
(198
)
Repurchase of shares
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
(650
)
 
—

 
(650
)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Balance, September 30, 2018
25,413

 
$
25,413

 
$
118,625

 
$
603,343

 
$
—

 
$
(425,767
)
 
$
1,527

 
$
323,141

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
See accompanying notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.


5
ALTISOURCE PORTFOLIO SOLUTIONS S.A.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF EQUITY
(in thousands)


 
Altisource Equity
 
 
 
 
 
Common stock
 
Additional paid-in capital
 
Retained earnings
 
Accumulated other comprehensive income
 
Treasury stock, at cost
 
Non-controlling interests
 
Total
 
Shares
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Balance, December 31, 2018
25,413

 
$
25,413

 
$
122,667

 
$
590,655

 
$
—

 
$
(443,304
)
 
$
1,237

 
$
296,668

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net (loss) income
—

 
—

 
—

 
(3,184
)
 
—

 
—

 
440

 
(2,744
)
Distributions to non-controlling interest holders
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
(620
)
 
(620
)
Share-based compensation expense
—

 
—

 
2,621

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
2,621

Exercise of stock options and issuance of restricted share units and restricted shares
—

 
—

 
—

 
(1,549
)
 
—

 
1,577

 
—

 
28

Treasury shares withheld for the payment of tax on restricted share unit and restricted share issuances and stock option exercises
—

 
—

 
—

 
(1,163
)
 
—

 
578

 
—

 
(585
)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Balance, March 31, 2019
25,413

 
25,413

 
125,288

 
584,759

 
—

 
(441,149
)
 
1,057

 
295,368

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net (loss) income
—

 
—

 
—

 
(5,844
)
 
—

 
—

 
1,240

 
(4,604
)
Distributions to non-controlling interest holders
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
(518
)
 
(518
)
Share-based compensation expense
—

 
—

 
2,832

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
2,832

Exercise of stock options and issuance of restricted share units and restricted shares
—

 
—

 
—

 
(3,473
)
 
—

 
3,680

 
—

 
207

Treasury shares withheld for the payment of tax on restricted share unit and restricted share issuances and stock option exercises
—

 
—

 
—

 
(1,402
)
 
—

 
689

 
—

 
(713
)
Repurchase of shares
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
(6,700
)
 
—

 
(6,700
)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Balance, June 30, 2019
25,413

 
25,413

 
128,120

 
574,040

 
—

 
(443,480
)
 
1,779

 
285,872

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net income
—

 
—

 
—

 
7,165

 
—

 
—

 
411

 
7,576

Distributions to non-controlling interest holders
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
(865
)
 
(865
)
Share-based compensation expense
—

 
—

 
2,831

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
2,831

Exercise of stock options and issuance of restricted share units and restricted shares
—

 
—

 
—

 
(1,214
)
 
—

 
1,371

 
—

 
157

Treasury shares withheld for the payment of tax on restricted share unit and restricted share issuances and stock option exercises
—

 
—

 
—

 
(434
)
 
—

 
216

 
—

 
(218
)
Repurchase of shares
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
(6,697
)
 
—

 
(6,697
)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Balance, September 30, 2019
25,413

 
$
25,413

 
$
130,951

 
$
579,557

 
$
—

 
$
(448,590
)
 
$
1,325

 
$
288,656

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
See accompanying notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.


6
Table of Contents

ALTISOURCE PORTFOLIO SOLUTIONS S.A.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(in thousands)
 
Nine months ended September 30,
 
2019
 
2018
Cash flows from operating activities:
 

 
 

Net income
$
228

 
$
8,169

Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
 

 
 

Depreciation and amortization
14,196

 
24,743

Amortization of right-of-use assets under operating leases
9,145

 
—

Amortization of intangible assets
15,489

 
21,311

Unrealized (gain) loss on investment in equity securities
(11,731
)
 
4,186

Share-based compensation expense
8,284

 
6,150

Bad debt expense
114

 
2,408

Amortization of debt discount
499

 
513

Amortization of debt issuance costs
552

 
739

Deferred income taxes
15,568

 
(676
)
Loss on disposal of fixed assets
330

 
723

Gain on sale of businesses (Note 3)
(17,558
)
 
(13,688
)
Loss on debt refinancing (Note 13)
—

 
4,434

Changes in operating assets and liabilities (excludes effect of sale of businesses):
 

 
 

Accounts receivable
(31,580
)
 
4,515

Short-term investments in real estate
39,873

 
(22,283
)
Prepaid expenses and other current assets
12,588

 
5,403

Other assets
(55
)
 
554

Accounts payable and accrued expenses
(17,058
)
 
10,774

Current and non-current operating lease liabilities
(9,713
)
 
—

Other current and non-current liabilities
(6,977
)
 
(14,325
)
Net cash provided by operating activities
22,194

 
43,650

 
 
 
 
Cash flows from investing activities:
 

 
 

Additions to premises and equipment
(1,204
)
 
(4,207
)
Proceeds received from sale of equity securities
7,819

 
—

Proceeds from the sale of a business
38,027

 
15,000

Other
1,087

 
—

Net cash provided by investing activities
45,729

 
10,793

 
 
 
 
Cash flows from financing activities:
 

 
 

Proceeds from issuance of long-term debt
—

 
407,880

Repayments and repurchases of long-term debt
(44,820
)
 
(436,821
)
Debt issuance costs
—

 
(5,042
)
Proceeds from stock option exercises
392

 
3,576

Purchase of treasury shares
(13,397
)
 
(21,771
)
Distributions to non-controlling interests
(2,003
)
 
(1,912
)
Payments of tax withholding on issuance of restricted share units and restricted shares
(1,516
)
 
(608
)
Net cash used in financing activities
(61,344
)
 
(54,698
)
 
 
 
 
Net increase (decrease) in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash
6,579

 
(255
)
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at the beginning of the period
64,046

 
108,843

 
 
 
 
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at the end of the period
$
70,625

 
$
108,588

 
 
 


Supplemental cash flow information:
 

 
 

Interest paid
$
16,271

 
$
17,889

Income taxes paid, net
2,397

 
4,162

Acquisition of right-of-use assets with operating lease liabilities
5,888

 
—

Reduction of right-of-use assets from operating lease modifications or reassessments
(3,458
)
 
—

 
 
 
 
Non-cash investing and financing activities:
 

 
 

Net increase in payables for purchases of premises and equipment
$
203

 
$
12

See accompanying notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.

7
Table of Contents

ALTISOURCE PORTFOLIO SOLUTIONS S.A.
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
NOTE 1 — ORGANIZATION AND BASIS OF PRESENTATION
Description of Business
Altisource Portfolio Solutions S.A., together with its subsidiaries (which may be referred to as “Altisource,” the “Company,” “we,” “us” or “our”), is an integrated service provider and marketplace for the real estate and mortgage industries. Combining operational excellence with a suite of innovative services and technologies, Altisource helps solve the demands of the ever-changing markets we serve.
We are publicly traded on the NASDAQ Global Select Market under the symbol “ASPS.” We are organized under the laws of the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg.
Basis of Accounting and Presentation
The unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”) for interim financial information and with the instructions to Form 10-Q and Article 10 of Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) Regulation S-X. Accordingly, these financial statements do not include all of the information and footnotes required by GAAP for complete consolidated financial statements. In the opinion of management, the interim data includes all normal recurring adjustments considered necessary to fairly state the results for the interim periods presented. The preparation of interim condensed consolidated financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of our interim condensed consolidated financial statements, as well as the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Intercompany transactions and accounts have been eliminated in consolidation. Certain prior year amounts have been reclassified to conform to the current year presentation.
Effective January 1, 2019, the Company reorganized its internal reporting structure in connection with Project Catalyst, a project initiated in August 2018 to optimize our operations and reduce costs to better align our cost structure with our anticipated revenues and improve our operating margins (see Note 23). The internal reorganization included, among other changes, the replacement of segment presidents with a chief operating officer, who is responsible for products, services and operations for the Company’s Mortgage Market and Real Estate Market businesses, reporting to our Chairman and Chief Executive Officer (our chief operating decision maker) who manages our businesses, regularly reviews operating results and profitability, allocates resources and evaluates performance on a consolidated basis. Prior to January 1, 2019, the Company reported our operations through two reportable segments: Mortgage Market and Real Estate Market. In addition, we reported Other Businesses, Corporate and Eliminations separately. The prior year presentation has been reclassified to conform to the current year presentation.
Altisource consolidates Best Partners Mortgage Cooperative, Inc., which is managed by The Mortgage Partnership of America, L.L.C. (“MPA”), a wholly-owned subsidiary of Altisource. Best Partners Mortgage Cooperative, Inc. is a mortgage cooperative doing business as Lenders One® (“Lenders One”). MPA provides services to Lenders One under a management agreement that ends on December 31, 2025 (with renewals for three successive five-year periods at MPA’s option).
The management agreement between MPA and Lenders One, pursuant to which MPA is the management company, represents a variable interest in a variable interest entity. MPA is the primary beneficiary of Lenders One as it has the power to direct the activities that most significantly impact the cooperative’s economic performance and the right to receive benefits from the cooperative. As a result, Lenders One is presented in the accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements on a consolidated basis and the interests of the members are reflected as non-controlling interests. As of September 30, 2019, Lenders One had total assets of $1.8 million and total liabilities of $0.7 million. As of December 31, 2018, Lenders One had total assets of $2.7 million and total liabilities of $1.3 million.
In September 2019, Altisource announced the creation of Pointillist, Inc. (“Pointillist”) and contributed the Pointillist® customer journey analytics business and $8.5 million to it. Pointillist is owned by Altisource and management of Pointillist. Management of Pointillist owns a non-controlling interest representing 12% of the outstanding equity of Pointillist. Altisource has no ongoing obligation to provide future funding to Pointillist. Pointillist is presented in the accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements on a consolidated basis and the portion of Pointillist owned by Pointillist management is reported as non-controlling interests.
These interim condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018, as filed with the SEC on February 26, 2019.

8
Table of Content
ALTISOURCE PORTFOLIO SOLUTIONS S.A.
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)


Fair Value Measurements
Fair value is defined as an exit price, representing the amount that would be received for an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. The three-tier hierarchy for inputs used in measuring fair value, which prioritizes the inputs used in the methodologies of measuring fair value for assets and liabilities, is as follows:
Level 1 — Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets and liabilities
Level 2 — Observable inputs other than quoted prices included in Level 1
Level 3 — Unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activity and that are significant to the fair value of assets or liabilities
Financial assets and financial liabilities are classified based on the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurements. Our assessment of the significance of a particular input to the fair value measurements requires judgment and may affect the valuation of the assets and liabilities being measured and their placement within the fair value hierarchy.
Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncement
In February 2016, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) No. 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842) and in July 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-10, Codification Improvements to Topic 842, Leases and ASU No. 2018-11, Leases (Topic 842): Targeted Improvements (collectively “Topic 842”). Topic 842 introduces a new lessee model that brings substantially all leases on the balance sheet. This standard requires lessees to recognize lease assets and lease liabilities on their balance sheets and disclose key information about leasing arrangements in their financial statements. The Company adopted Topic 842 effective January 1, 2019 using the modified retrospective transition approach. In addition, the Company elected the practical expedients permitted under the transition guidance within the new standard, including allowing the Company to carry forward its historical lease classification, using hindsight to determine the lease term for existing leases, combining fixed lease and non-lease components and excluding short-term leases. Adoption of this new standard resulted in the recognition of $42.1 million of right-of-use assets in right-of-use assets under operating leases, $45.5 million of operating lease liabilities ($16.7 million in other current liabilities and $28.8 million in other non-current liabilities) and reduced accrued rent and lease incentives of $3.4 million in accounts payable and accrued expenses and other non-current liabilities on the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets.
Future Adoption of New Accounting Pronouncements
In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU No. 2017-04, Intangibles-Goodwill and Other (Topic 350): Simplifying the Test for Goodwill Impairment. This standard will simplify the subsequent measurement of goodwill by eliminating Step 2 from the goodwill impairment test. Current guidance requires that companies compute the implied fair value of goodwill under Step 2 by performing procedures to determine the fair value at the impairment testing date of its assets and liabilities (including unrecognized assets and liabilities) following the procedure that would be required in determining the fair value of assets acquired and liabilities assumed in a business combination. This standard will require companies to perform annual or interim goodwill impairment tests by comparing the fair value of a reporting unit with its carrying amount. An entity should recognize an impairment charge for the amount by which the carrying amount exceeds the reporting unit’s fair value; however, the loss recognized should not exceed the total amount of goodwill allocated to that reporting unit. This standard will be effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2019, including interim periods within that reporting period, and will be applied prospectively. Early adoption of this standard is permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the impact this guidance may have on its condensed consolidated financial statements; however, adoption of this standard as of September 30, 2019 would not have had any impact on the Company’s condensed consolidated financial statements.
In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-13, Fair Value Measurement (Topic 820): Disclosure Framework—Changes to the Disclosure Requirements for Fair Value Measurement. This standard modifies certain disclosure requirements such as the valuation processes for Level 3 fair value measurements. This standard also requires new disclosures such as the disclosure of certain assumptions used to develop significant unobservable inputs for Level 3 fair value measurements. This standard will be effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2019, including interim periods within that reporting period. Early adoption of either the entire standard or only the provisions that eliminate or modify requirements is permitted. The Company currently does not expect the adoption of this guidance to have an impact on its condensed consolidated financial statements.
In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-15, Intangibles—Goodwill and Other—Internal-Use Software (Subtopic 350-40): Customer’s Accounting for Implementation Costs Incurred in a Cloud Computing Arrangement That Is a Service Contract (a consensus of the FASB Emerging Issues Task Force). This standard aligns the requirements for capitalizing implementation costs in a hosting arrangement service contract with the existing guidance for capitalizing implementation costs incurred for an internal-use software license. This standard also requires capitalizing or expensing implementation costs based on the nature of the costs

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ALTISOURCE PORTFOLIO SOLUTIONS S.A.
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)


and the project stage during which they are incurred and establishes additional disclosure requirements. This standard will be effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2019, including interim periods within that reporting period. Early adoption of this standard is permitted. The Company currently plans to adopt the standard prospectively and is currently evaluating the impact this guidance may have on its condensed consolidated financial statements.
NOTE 2 — CUSTOMER CONCENTRATION
Ocwen
Ocwen Financial Corporation (together with its subsidiaries, “Ocwen”) is a residential mortgage loan servicer of mortgage servicing rights (“MSRs”) it owns, including those MSRs in which others have an economic interest, and a subservicer of MSRs owned by others.
During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019, Ocwen was our largest customer, accounting for 54% of our total revenue for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 (63% of our revenue for the third quarter of 2019). Ocwen purchases certain mortgage services and technology services from us under the terms of services agreements and amendments thereto (collectively, the “Ocwen Services Agreements”) with terms extending through August 2025. Certain of the Ocwen Services Agreements contain a “most favored nation” provision and also grant the parties the right to renegotiate pricing, among other things.
Revenue from Ocwen primarily consists of revenue earned from the loan portfolios serviced and subserviced by Ocwen when Ocwen engages us as the service provider, and revenue earned directly from Ocwen, pursuant to the Ocwen Services Agreements. For the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, we recognized revenue from Ocwen of $275.1 million and $325.8 million, respectively ($89.8 million and $115.0 million for the third quarter of 2019 and 2018, respectively). Revenue from Ocwen as a percentage of consolidated revenue was 54% and 53% for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively (63% and 56% for the third quarter of 2019 and 2018, respectively).
We earn additional revenue related to the portfolios serviced and subserviced by Ocwen when a party other than Ocwen or the MSR owner selects Altisource as the service provider. For the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, we recognized revenue of $28.3 million and $37.3 million, respectively ($8.1 million and $11.1 million for the third quarter of 2019 and 2018, respectively), related to the portfolios serviced by Ocwen when a party other than Ocwen or the MSR owner selected Altisource as the service provider. These amounts are not included in deriving revenue from Ocwen and revenue from Ocwen as a percentage of revenue discussed above.
As of September 30, 2019, accounts receivable from Ocwen totaled $32.9 million, $29.0 million of which was billed and $3.9 million of which was unbilled. As of December 31, 2018, accounts receivable from Ocwen totaled $15.2 million, $11.6 million of which was billed and $3.6 million of which was unbilled.
As of February 22, 2019, Altisource and Ocwen entered into agreements that, among other things, facilitate Ocwen’s transition from REALServicing® and related technologies to another mortgage servicing software platform, establish a process for Ocwen to review and approve the assignment of one or more of our agreements to potential buyers of Altisource’s business lines, permit Ocwen to use service providers other than Altisource for up to 10% of referrals from certain portfolios (determined on a service-by-service basis), subject to certain restrictions, and affirms Altisource’s role as a strategic service provider to Ocwen through August 2025. If Altisource fails certain performance standards for specified periods of time, then Ocwen may terminate Altisource as a provider for the applicable service(s), subject to certain limitations and Altisource’s right to cure. We do not anticipate that the servicing technology transition will materially impact the other services we provide to Ocwen, other than what we believe is a temporary impact on default related referral volume and real estate owned (“REO”) inventory conversion rates from Ocwen’s transition to another servicing system. For the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, service revenue from REALServicing and related technologies was $13.8 million and $27.8 million, respectively ($2.5 million and $10.3 million for the third quarter of 2019 and 2018, respectively).
NRZ
New Residential Investment Corp. (individually, together with one or more of its subsidiaries or one or more of its subsidiaries individually, “NRZ”) is a real estate investment trust that invests in and manages investments primarily related to residential real estate, including MSRs and excess MSRs.
Ocwen has disclosed that NRZ is its largest client. As of June 30, 2019, NRZ owned MSRs or rights to MSRs relating to approximately 53% of loans serviced and subserviced by Ocwen (measured in unpaid principal balances (“UPB”)). In July 2017 and January 2018, Ocwen and NRZ entered into a series of agreements pursuant to which the parties agreed, among other things,

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ALTISOURCE PORTFOLIO SOLUTIONS S.A.
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)


to undertake certain actions to facilitate the transfer from Ocwen to NRZ of Ocwen’s legal title to certain of its MSRs (the “Subject MSRs”) and under which Ocwen will subservice mortgage loans underlying the MSRs for an initial term of five years.
On August 28, 2017, Altisource, through its licensed subsidiaries, entered into a Cooperative Brokerage Agreement, as amended, and related letter agreement (collectively, the “Brokerage Agreement”) with NRZ which extends through August 2025. Under this agreement and related amendments, Altisource remains the exclusive provider of brokerage services for REO associated with the Subject MSRs, irrespective of the subservicer, subject to certain limitations. NRZ’s brokerage subsidiary receives a cooperative brokerage commission on the sale of REO properties from these portfolios subject to certain exceptions.
The Brokerage Agreement can, at Altisource’s discretion, be terminated by Altisource if a services agreement is not signed by Altisource and NRZ. The Brokerage Agreement may otherwise only be terminated upon the occurrence of certain specified events. Termination events include, but are not limited to, a breach of the terms of the Brokerage Agreement (including, without limitation, the failure to meet performance standards and non-compliance with law in a material respect), the failure to maintain licenses which failure materially prevents performance of the contract, regulatory allegations of non-compliance resulting in an adversarial proceeding against NRZ, voluntary or involuntary bankruptcy, appointment of a receiver, disclosure in a Form 10-K or Form 10-Q that there is significant uncertainty about Altisource’s ability to continue as a going concern, failure to maintain a specified level of cash and an unapproved change of control.
For the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, we recognized revenue from NRZ of $9.6 million and $24.1 million, respectively ($2.6 million and $5.0 million for the third quarter of 2019 and 2018, respectively), under the Brokerage Agreement. For the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, we recognized additional revenue of $45.5 million and $64.4 million, respectively ($11.4 million and $21.6 million for the third quarter of 2019 and 2018, respectively), relating to the Subject MSRs when a party other than NRZ selects Altisource as the service provider.
NOTE 3 — SALE OF BUSINESSES
Rental Property Management Business
In August 2018, Altisource entered into an amendment to its agreements with Front Yard Residential Corporation (“RESI”) to sell Altisource’s rental property management business to RESI and permit RESI to internalize certain services that had been provided by Altisource. These services were historically provided under an agreement between RESI and Altisource, in which Altisource was the sole provider of rental property management services to RESI through December 2027, subject to certain exceptions. The proceeds from the transaction totaled $18.0 million, payable in two installments. The first installment of $15.0 million was received on the closing date of August 8, 2018. The second installment of $3.0 million will be received on the earlier of a RESI change of control or on August 8, 2023. The present value of the second installment is included in other assets in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets and has a discounted value of $2.3 million and $2.2 million as of September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively.
Financial Services Business
On March 28, 2019, Altisource entered into a definitive agreement to sell its Financial Services business, consisting of its post-charge-off consumer debt and mortgage charge-off collection services and customer relationship management services (the “Financial Services Business”) to Transworld Systems Inc. (“TSI”) for $44.0 million consisting of an up-front payment of $40.0 million, subject to a working capital adjustment and transaction costs upon closing of the sale, and an additional $4.0 million payment on the one year anniversary of the sale closing. The sale closed on July 1, 2019 and in connection with this sale, we recognized a $17.6 million pretax gain on sale for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and the third quarter of 2019. The parties also entered into a transition services agreement to provide for the management and orderly transition of certain services and technologies to TSI for periods ranging from 2 months to 13 months. These services include support for information technology systems and infrastructure, facilities management, finance, compliance and human resources functions and will be charged to TSI on a fixed fee or hourly basis. On July 17, 2019, Altisource used $37.0 million of the net up-front payment to repay a portion of its senior secured term loan.
NOTE 4 — INVESTMENT IN EQUITY SECURITIES
During 2016, we purchased 4.1 million shares of RESI common stock. This investment is reflected in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets at fair value and changes in fair value are included in other income (expense), net in the accompanying condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss). As of September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, we held 3.5 million and 4.1 million shares, respectively, of RESI common stock. As of September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, the fair value of our investment was $40.1 million and $36.2 million, respectively. During the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, we recognized an unrealized gain (loss) from the change in fair value of $11.7 million and $(4.2)

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ALTISOURCE PORTFOLIO SOLUTIONS S.A.
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)


million, respectively ($(2.3) million and $1.8 million for the third quarter of 2019 and 2018, respectively). The unrealized (loss) gain for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019 included a less than $0.1 million net loss and a $1.9 million net gain, respectively, recognized on RESI shares sold during the periods. During the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, we earned dividends of $1.7 million and $1.9 million, respectively ($0.5 million and $0.6 million for the third quarter of 2019 and 2018, respectively), related to this investment.
Pursuant to the agreement between Altisource and RESI to sell the rental property management business to RESI (see Note 3 for additional information), Altisource was subject to a lock-up period with respect to the sale or transfer of the shares of common stock of RESI owned by Altisource (the “Shares”) through December 31, 2018. In addition, during each quarter of 2019, Altisource is permitted to sell or transfer no more than 25% of the Shares, subject to the exceptions described below, provided that any Shares not sold in the applicable quarter will increase the amount that may be sold in the subsequent quarters by 50% of the unsold permitted amount. Thereafter, all transfer restrictions will expire and any remaining Shares will be freely transferable. Notwithstanding these restrictions, Altisource retains the right to sell or transfer the Shares at any time: (i) where Altisource has a good faith belief that its or its affiliates’ liquidity should be increased and the sale is necessary to achieve such an increase; (ii) where the proceeds of sales will be used to finance a strategic acquisition transaction; (iii) in privately negotiated block transactions with unrelated third parties or a similar transaction; or (iv) where RESI is the subject of a tender offer that is reasonably likely to result in a change of control or where RESI undergoes a change of control. In May 2019, the Company began selling its investment in RESI common stock. During the nine months ended September 30, 2019, the Company sold 0.7 million shares for net proceeds of $7.8 million (0.1 million shares for net proceeds of $1.3 million for the third quarter of 2019). As required by our senior secured term loan agreement, the Company used the net proceeds to repay a portion of its senior secured term loan.
NOTE 5 — ACCOUNTS RECEIVABLE, NET
Accounts receivable, net consists of the following:
(in thousands)
 
September 30,
2019
 
December 31,
2018
 
 
 
 
 
Billed
 
$
58,467

 
$
35,590

Unbilled
 
12,678

 
11,759


 
71,145

 
47,349

Less: Allowance for doubtful accounts
 
(7,062
)
 
(10,883
)
 
 
 
 
 
Total
 
$
64,083

 
$
36,466

Unbilled accounts receivable consists primarily of certain real estate asset management, REO sales, title and closing services for which we generally recognize revenue when the service is provided but collect upon closing of the sale, and foreclosure trustee services, for which we generally recognize revenues over the service delivery period but bill following completion of the service. We also include amounts in unbilled accounts receivable that are earned during a month and billed in the following month.
NOTE 6 — PREPAID EXPENSES AND OTHER CURRENT ASSETS
Prepaid expenses and other current assets consist of the following:
(in thousands)
 
September 30,
2019
 
December 31,
2018
 
 
 
 
 
Maintenance agreements, current portion
 
$
1,442

 
$
5,600

Income taxes receivable
 
6,287

 
7,940

Prepaid expenses
 
4,313

 
7,484

Other current assets
 
4,212

 
9,696

 
 
 
 
 
Total
 
$
16,254

 
$
30,720

NOTE 7 — DISCONTINUATION OF THE BUY-RENOVATE-LEASE-SELL BUSINESS
On November 26, 2018, the Company announced its plans to sell its short-term investments in real estate (“BRS Inventory”) and discontinue the Company’s Buy-Renovate-Lease-Sell (“BRS”) business. Altisource’s BRS business focused on buying, renovating, leasing and selling single-family homes to real estate investors. The BRS business was not material in relation to the Company’s

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ALTISOURCE PORTFOLIO SOLUTIONS S.A.
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)


results of operations or financial position. In anticipation of receiving the majority of the proceeds from the sale of the BRS Inventory in 2019, the Company repaid $49.9 million of its senior secured term loan in the fourth quarter of 2018.
On June 28, 2019, the Company sold the majority of the BRS Inventory to Lafayette Real Estate for $38.9 million and incurred closing costs of $1.8 million. In September 2019, the Company sold the remaining two BRS Inventory homes for $0.4 million.
NOTE 8 — PREMISES AND EQUIPMENT, NET
Premises and equipment, net consists of the following:
(in thousands)
 
September 30,
2019
 
December 31,
2018
 
 
 
 
 
Computer hardware and software
 
$
169,719

 
$
182,215

Furniture and fixtures
 
9,730

 
13,313

Office equipment and other
 
4,367

 
7,384

Leasehold improvements
 
24,064

 
29,781

 
 
207,880

 
232,693

Less: Accumulated depreciation and amortization
 
(179,449
)
 
(187,062
)
 
 
 
 
 
Total
 
$
28,431

 
$
45,631

Depreciation and amortization expense totaled $14.2 million and $24.7 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively ($(3.1) million and $7.7 million for the third quarter of 2019 and 2018, respectively), and is included in cost of revenue for operating assets and in selling, general and administrative expenses for non-operating assets in the accompanying condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss). During the third quarter of 2019, we reclassified certain operating lease items recorded in the first half of the year. This resulted in a $6.8 million decrease in depreciation and amortization expense for the third quarter of 2019.
Premises and equipment, net consist of the following, by country:
(in thousands)
 
September 30,
2019
 
December 31,
2018
 
 
 
 
 
United States
 
$
14,964

 
$
25,693

India
 
708

 
3,154

Luxembourg
 
12,615

 
14,975

Philippines
 
104

 
1,754

Other
 
40

 
55

 
 
 
 
 
Total
 
$
28,431

 
$
45,631

NOTE 9 — RIGHT-OF-USE ASSETS UNDER OPERATING LEASES
Right-of-use assets under operating leases consist of the following:
(in thousands)
 
September 30,
2019
 
December 31,
2018
 
 
 
 
 
Right-of-use assets under operating leases
 
$
34,422

 
$
—

Less: Accumulated amortization
 
(8,394
)
 
—

 
 
 
 
 
Total
 
$
26,028

 
$
—

The Company adopted Topic 842 effective January 1, 2019, which resulted in the recognition of $42.1 million of right-of-use assets upon adoption for operating leases, primarily for office space (see Note 1). Amortization of operating leases was $9.1 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 ($2.9 million for the third quarter 2019) (no comparative amounts for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and the third quarter of 2018), and is included in cost of revenue for operating assets and

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ALTISOURCE PORTFOLIO SOLUTIONS S.A.
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)


in selling, general and administrative expenses for non-operating assets in the accompanying condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss).
NOTE 10 — GOODWILL AND INTANGIBLE ASSETS, NET
Goodwill
The change in goodwill during the nine months ended September 30, 2019 is as follows:
(in thousands)
 
Total
 
 
 
Balance as of December 31, 2018
 
$
81,387

Disposition(1)
 
(2,378
)
 
 
 
Balance as of September 30, 2019
 
$
79,009

______________________________________
(1) 
During the third quarter of 2019, the Company sold the Financial Services Business (see Note 3) which had $2.4 million of goodwill attributed to it.
Intangible Assets, net
Intangible assets, net consist of the following:
 
 
Weighted average estimated useful life
(in years)
 
Gross carrying amount
 
Accumulated amortization
 
Net book value
(in thousands)
 
 
September 30,
2019
 
December 31,
2018
 
September 30,
2019
 
December 31,
2018
 
September 30,
2019
 
December 31,
2018
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Definite lived intangible assets:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Customer related intangible assets
 
9
 
$
214,973

 
$
273,172

 
$
(173,253
)
 
$
(207,639
)
 
$
41,720

 
$
65,533

Operating agreement
 
20
 
35,000

 
35,000

 
(16,939
)
 
(15,632
)
 
18,061

 
19,368

Trademarks and trade names
 
15
 
11,140

 
11,349

 
(6,481
)
 
(6,244
)
 
4,659

 
5,105

Non-compete agreements
 
4
 
1,230

 
1,230

 
(1,209
)
 
(1,026
)
 
21

 
204

Intellectual property
 
10
 
300

 
300

 
(167
)
 
(145
)
 
133

 
155

Other intangible assets
 
5
 
3,745

 
3,745

 
(3,021
)
 
(2,457
)
 
724

 
1,288

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Total
 
 
 
$
266,388

 
$
324,796

 
$
(201,070
)
 
$
(233,143
)
 
$
65,318

 
$
91,653

Amortization expense for definite lived intangible assets was $15.5 million and $21.3 million for nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively ($3.3 million and $6.6 million for the third quarter of 2019 and 2018, respectively). Expected annual definite lived intangible asset amortization expense for 2019 through 2023 is $19.0 million, $13.3 million, $11.1 million, $5.3 million and $5.3 million, respectively.
NOTE 11 — OTHER ASSETS
Other assets consist of the following:
(in thousands)
 
September 30,
2019
 
December 31,
2018
 
 
 
 
 
Security deposits
 
$
3,429

 
$
3,972

Restricted cash
 
3,724

 
5,752

Other
 
2,447

 
2,682

 
 
 
 
 
Total
 
$
9,600

 
$
12,406


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ALTISOURCE PORTFOLIO SOLUTIONS S.A.
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)


NOTE 12 — ACCOUNTS PAYABLE, ACCRUED EXPENSES AND OTHER CURRENT LIABILITIES
Accounts payable and accrued expenses consist of the following:
(in thousands)
 
September 30,
2019
 
December 31,
2018
 
 
 
 
 
Accounts payable
 
$
18,209

 
$
27,853

Accrued expenses - general
 
26,114

 
27,866

Accrued salaries and benefits
 
21,303

 
31,356

Income taxes payable
 
1,373

 
165

 
 
 
 
 
Total
 
$
66,999

 
$
87,240

Other current liabilities consist of the following:
(in thousands)
 
September 30,
2019
 
December 31,
2018
 
 
 
 
 
Unfunded cash account balances
 
$
2,632

 
$
4,932

Operating lease liabilities
 
11,964

 
—

Other
 
2,125

 
2,098

 
 
 
 
 
Total
 
$
16,721

 
$
7,030

NOTE 13 — LONG-TERM DEBT
Long-term debt consists of the following:
(in thousands)
 
September 30,
2019
 
December 31,
2018
 
 
 
 
 
Senior secured term loans
 
$
294,002

 
$
338,822

Less: Debt issuance costs, net
 
(3,303
)
 
(3,855
)
Less: Unamortized discount, net
 
(2,992
)
 
(3,491
)
 
 
 
 
 
Long-term debt
 
$
287,707

 
$
331,476

On April 3, 2018, Altisource Portfolio Solutions S.A. and its wholly-owned subsidiary, Altisource S.à r.l. entered into a credit agreement (the “Credit Agreement”) with Morgan Stanley Senior Funding, Inc., as administrative agent and collateral agent, and certain lenders. Under the Credit Agreement, Altisource borrowed $412.0 million in the form of Term B Loans and obtained a $15.0 million revolving credit facility. The Term B Loans mature in April 2024 and the revolving credit facility matures in April 2023. Altisource Portfolio Solutions S.A. and certain subsidiaries are guarantors of the term loan and the revolving credit facility (collectively, the “Guarantors”).
Proceeds from the Term B Loans were used to repay the Company’s prior senior secured term loan, which had an outstanding balance of $412.1 million as of April 3, 2018. In connection with the refinancing, we recognized a loss of $4.4 million from the write-off of unamortized debt issuance costs and debt discount in the second quarter of 2018.
There are no mandatory repayments of the Term B Loans due until March 2023, when $1.5 million is due to be repaid. Thereafter, the Term B Loans must be repaid in consecutive quarterly principal installments of $3.1 million, with the balance due at maturity. All amounts outstanding under the Term B Loans will become due on the earlier of (i) April 3, 2024, and (ii) the date on which the loans are declared to be due and owing by the administrative agent at the request (or with the consent) of the Required Lenders (as defined in the Credit Agreement; other capitalized terms, unless defined herein, are defined in the Credit Agreement) or as otherwise provided in the Credit Agreement upon the occurrence of any event of default.
In addition to the scheduled principal payments, subject to certain exceptions, the Term B Loans are subject to mandatory prepayment upon issuances of debt, certain casualty and condemnation events and sales of assets, as well as from a percentage of Consolidated Excess Cash Flow if our leverage ratio is greater than 3.00 to 1.00, as calculated in accordance with the provisions of the Credit

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Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)


Agreement (the percentage increases if our leverage ratio exceeds 3.50 to 1.00). Certain mandatory prepayments reduce future contractual amortization payments in direct order of maturity by an amount equal to the mandatory prepayment.
On July 1, 2019, Altisource closed the sale of the Financial Services Business to TSI and received a $40.0 million up-front payment less adjustments for working capital and transaction costs (see Note 3). On July 17, 2019, Altisource used $37.0 million to repay a portion of the senior secured term loan.
During the nine months ended September 30, 2019, the Company sold 0.7 million RESI shares for net proceeds of $7.8 million (0.1 million shares for net proceeds of $1.3 million for the third quarter of 2019). Altisource used the net proceeds of $7.8 million to repay a portion of its senior secured term loan for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 ($2.0 million for the third quarter of 2019).
Altisource may incur incremental indebtedness under the Credit Agreement from one or more incremental lenders, which may include existing lenders, in an aggregate incremental principal amount not to exceed $125.0 million, subject to certain conditions set forth in the Credit Agreement, including a sublimit of $80.0 million with respect to incremental revolving credit commitments. The lenders have no obligation to provide any incremental indebtedness.
The Term B Loans bear interest at rates based upon, at our option, the Adjusted Eurodollar Rate or the Base Rate. Adjusted Eurodollar Rate term loans bear interest at a rate per annum equal to the sum of (i) the greater of (x) the Adjusted Eurodollar Rate for a three month interest period and (y) 1.00% plus (ii) 4.00%. Base Rate term loans bear interest at a rate per annum equal to the sum of (i) the greater of (x) the Base Rate and (y) 2.00% plus (ii) 3.00%. The interest rate as of September 30, 2019 was 6.10%.
Loans under the revolving credit facility bear interest at rates based upon, at our option, the Adjusted Eurodollar Rate or the Base Rate. Adjusted Eurodollar Rate revolving loans bear interest at a rate per annum equal to the sum of (i) the Adjusted Eurodollar Rate for a three month interest period plus (ii) 4.00%. Base Rate revolving loans bear interest at a rate per annum equal to the sum of (i) the Base Rate plus (ii) 3.00%. The unused commitment fee is 0.50%. There were no borrowings outstanding under the revolving credit facility as of September 30, 2019.
The payment of all amounts owing by Altisource under the Credit Agreement is guaranteed by the Guarantors and is secured by a pledge of all equity interests of certain subsidiaries of Altisource, as well as a lien on substantially all of the assets of Altisource S.à r.l. and the Guarantors, subject to certain exceptions.
The Credit Agreement includes covenants that restrict or limit, among other things, our ability, subject to certain exceptions and baskets, to incur indebtedness; incur liens on our assets; sell, transfer or dispose of assets; make Restricted Junior Payments including share repurchases, dividends and repayment of junior indebtedness; make investments; dispose of equity interests of any Material Subsidiaries; engage in a line of business substantially different than existing businesses and businesses reasonably related, complimentary or ancillary thereto; amend material debt agreements or other material contracts; engage in certain transactions with affiliates; enter into sale/leaseback transactions; grant negative pledges or agree to such other restrictions relating to subsidiary dividends and distributions; make changes to our fiscal year; and engage in mergers and consolidations; and to the extent any Revolving Credit Loans are outstanding on the last day of a fiscal quarter, permit the Total Leverage Ratio to be greater than 3.50:1.00 as of the last day of such fiscal quarter, subject to a customary cure provision (the “Revolving Financial Covenant”).
The Credit Agreement contains certain events of default including (i) failure to pay principal when due or interest or any other amount owing on any other obligation under the Credit Agreement within five days of becoming due, (ii) material incorrectness of representations and warranties when made, (iii) breach of certain other covenants, subject to cure periods described in the Credit Agreement, (iv) a breach of the Revolving Financial Covenant, subject to a customary cure provision and not an Event of Default with respect to the Term Loans unless and until the Required Revolving Lenders accelerate the Revolving Credit Loans, (v) failure to pay principal or interest on any other debt that equals or exceeds $40.0 million when due, (vi) default on any other debt that equals or exceeds $40.0 million that causes, or gives the holder or holders of such debt the ability to cause, an acceleration of such debt, (vii) occurrence of a Change of Control, (viii) bankruptcy and insolvency events, (ix) entry by a court of one or more judgments against us in an amount in excess of $40.0 million that remain unbonded, undischarged or unstayed for a certain number of days after the entry thereof, (x) the occurrence of certain ERISA events and (xi) the failure of certain Loan Documents to be in full force and effect. If any event of default occurs and is not cured within applicable grace periods set forth in the Credit Agreement or waived, all loans and other obligations could become due and immediately payable and the facility could be terminated.
As of September 30, 2019, debt issuance costs were $3.3 million, net of $1.2 million of accumulated amortization. As of December 31, 2018, debt issuance costs were $3.9 million, net of $0.7 million of accumulated amortization.

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ALTISOURCE PORTFOLIO SOLUTIONS S.A.
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)


NOTE 14 — OTHER NON-CURRENT LIABILITIES
Other non-current liabilities consist of the following:
(in thousands)
 
September 30,
2019
 
December 31,
2018
 
 
 
 
 
Operating lease liabilities
 
$
16,301

 
$
—

Income tax liabilities
 
6,980

 
7,069

Deferred revenue
 
85

 
19

Other non-current liabilities
 
406

 
2,090

 
 
 
 
 
Total
 
$
23,772

 
$
9,178

NOTE 15 — FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS AND FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS
The following table presents the carrying amount and estimated fair value of financial instruments and certain liabilities measured at fair value as of September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018. The following fair values are estimated using market information and what the Company believes to be appropriate valuation methodologies under GAAP:
 
 
September 30, 2019
 
December 31, 2018
(in thousands)
 
Carrying amount
 
Fair value
 
Carrying amount
 
Fair value
 
 
 
 
Level 1
 
Level 2
 
Level 3
 
 
 
Level 1
 
Level 2
 
Level 3
Assets:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Cash and cash equivalents
 
$
66,901

 
$
66,901

 
$
—

 
$
—

 
$
58,294

 
$
58,294

 
$
—

 
$
—

Restricted cash
 
3,724

 
3,724

 
—

 
—

 
5,752

 
5,752

 
—

 
—

Investment in equity securities
 
40,093

 
40,093

 
—

 
—

 
36,181

 
36,181

 
—

 
—

Long-term receivable (Note 3)
 
2,333

 
—

 
—

 
2,333

 
2,221

 
—

 
—

 
2,221

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Liabilities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Senior secured term loan
 
294,002

 
—

 
282,977

 
—

 
338,822

 
—

 
330,351

 
—

Fair Value Measurements on a Recurring Basis
Cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash are carried at amounts that approximate their fair values due to the highly liquid nature of these instruments and were measured using Level 1 inputs.
Investment in equity securities is carried at fair value and consists of 3.5 million and 4.1 million shares of RESI common stock as of September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively. The investment in equity securities is measured using Level 1 inputs as these securities have quoted prices in active markets.
The fair value of our senior secured term loan is based on quoted market prices. Based on the frequency of trading, we do not believe that there is an active market for our debt. Therefore, the quoted prices are considered Level 2 inputs.
In connection with the sale of the rental property management business in August 2018, Altisource will receive $3.0 million on the earlier of a RESI change of control or on August 8, 2023 (see Note 3 for additional information). We measure long-term receivables without a stated interest rate based on the present value of the future payments.
There were no transfers between different levels during the periods presented.
Concentrations of Credit Risk
Financial instruments that subject us to concentrations of credit risk primarily consist of cash and cash equivalents and accounts receivable. Our policy is to deposit our cash and cash equivalents with larger, highly rated financial institutions. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019, 63% and 54%, respectively, of the Company’s revenue was from Ocwen (see Note 2 for additional information on Ocwen revenues and accounts receivable balance). The Company strives to mitigate its

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ALTISOURCE PORTFOLIO SOLUTIONS S.A.
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)


concentrations of credit risk with respect to accounts receivable by actively monitoring past due accounts and the economic status of larger customers, if known.
NOTE 16 — SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY AND SHARE-BASED COMPENSATION
Share Repurchase Program
On May 15, 2018, our shareholders approved the renewal and replacement of the share repurchase program previously approved by the shareholders on May 17, 2017. Under the program, we are authorized to purchase up to 4.3 million shares of our common stock, based on a limit of 25% of the outstanding shares of common stock on the date of approval, at a minimum price of $1.00 per share and a maximum price of $500.00 per share, for a period of five years from the date of approval. As of September 30, 2019, approximately 2.7 million shares of common stock remain available for repurchase under the program. We purchased 0.6 million shares of common stock at an average price of $21.03 per share during the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 0.8 million shares at an average price of $27.48 per share during the nine months ended September 30, 2018 (0.3 million shares at an average price of $20.24 per share for the third quarter of 2019 and 21 thousand shares at an average price of $30.93 per share for the third quarter of 2018). Luxembourg law limits share repurchases to the balance of Altisource Portfolio Solutions S.A. (unconsolidated parent company) retained earnings, less the value of shares repurchased. As of September 30, 2019, we can repurchase up to approximately $104 million of our common stock under Luxembourg law. Our Credit Agreement also limits the amount we can spend on share repurchases, which was approximately $443 million as of September 30, 2019, and may prevent repurchases in certain circumstances.
Share-Based Compensation
We issue share-based awards in the form of stock options, restricted shares and restricted share units for certain employees, officers and directors. We recognized share-based compensation expense of $8.3 million and $6.2 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively ($2.8 million and $2.0 million for the third quarter of 2019 and 2018, respectively). As of September 30, 2019, estimated unrecognized compensation costs related to share-based awards amounted to $11.7 million, which we expect to recognize over a weighted average remaining requisite service period of approximately 1.62 years.
Stock Options
Stock option grants are composed of a combination of service-based, market-based and performance-based options.
Service-Based Options. These options generally vest over three or four years with equal annual vesting and expire on the earlier of ten years after the date of grant or following termination of service. A total of 438 thousand service-based options were outstanding as of September 30, 2019.
Market-Based Options. These option grants generally have two components, each of which vests only upon the achievement of certain criteria. The first component, which we refer to as “ordinary performance” grants, generally consists of two-thirds of the market-based grant and begins to vest if the stock price is at least double the exercise price, as long as the stock price realizes a compounded annual gain of at least 20% over the exercise price. The remaining third of the market-based options, which we refer to as “extraordinary performance” grants, generally begins to vest if the stock price is at least triple the exercise price, as long as the stock price realizes a compounded annual gain of at least 25% over the exercise price. Market-based options vest in three or four year installments with the first installment vesting upon the achievement of the criteria and the remaining installments vesting thereafter in equal annual installments. Market-based options generally expire on the earlier of ten years after the date of grant or following termination of service, unless the performance criteria is met prior to termination of service or in the final three years of the option term, in which case vesting will generally continue in accordance with the provisions of the award agreement. A total of 584 thousand market-based options were outstanding as of September 30, 2019.
Performance-Based Options. These option grants generally will vest if certain specific financial measures are achieved; one-fourth vests on each anniversary of the grant date. For certain other financial measures, options cliff-vest upon the achievement of the specific performance during the period from 2019 through 2021. The award of performance-based options is adjusted based on the level of achievement specified in the award agreements. If the performance criteria achieved is above threshold performance levels, participants have the opportunity to vest in 50% to 200% of the option grants, depending upon performance achieved. If the performance criteria achieved is below a certain threshold, the options are canceled. The options expire on the earlier of ten years after the date of grant or following termination of service. There were 472 thousand performance-based options outstanding as of September 30, 2019.
There were no stock options granted during the nine months ended September 30, 2019. Outstanding stock options increased by 228 thousand in February 2019 in connection with the determination of the level of achievement for certain performance-based

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ALTISOURCE PORTFOLIO SOLUTIONS S.A.
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)


options granted in 2018. During the nine months ended September 30, 2018, 272 thousand stock options (at a weighted average exercise price of $25.06 per share) were granted.
The fair values of the service-based options and performance-based options are determined using the Black-Scholes option pricing model and the fair values of the market-based options were determined using a lattice (binomial) model. The following assumptions were used to determine the fair values as of the grant date:
 
 
 
 
Nine months ended September 30, 2018
 
 

 

 
Black-Scholes
 
Binomial
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Risk-free interest rate (%)
 

 

 
2.66 – 2.98

 
1.64 – 2.83

Expected stock price volatility (%)
 

 

 
70.31 – 71.86

 
71.81 – 71.86

Expected dividend yield
 

 

 
—

 
—

Expected option life (in years)
 

 

 
6.00 – 6.25

 
2.56 – 4.32

Fair value
 

 

 
$16.17 – $19.06

 
$14.67 – $18.28

We determined the expected option life of all service-based stock option grants using the simplified method, determined based on the graded vesting term plus the contractual term of the options, divided by two. We use the simplified method because we believe that our historical data does not provide a reasonable basis upon which to estimate expected option life.
The following table summarizes the weighted average grant date fair value of stock options granted per share, the total intrinsic value of stock options exercised and the grant date fair value of stock options that vested during the periods presented:
 
 
Nine months ended September 30,
(in thousands, except per share amounts)
 
2019
 
2018
 
 
 
 
 
Weighted average grant date fair value of stock options granted per share
 
$
—

 
$
16.27

Intrinsic value of options exercised
 
52

 
4,584

Grant date fair value of stock options that vested
 
3,014

 
1,598

The following table summarizes the activity related to our stock options:
 
Number of options
 
Weighted average exercise price
 
Weighted average contractual term (in years)
 
Aggregate intrinsic value (in thousands)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Outstanding as of December 31, 2018
1,440,566

 
$
30.78

 
5.04
 
$
945

Performance criteria achieved
227,849

 
24.98

 
 
 
 
Exercised
(20,635
)
 
18.79

 
 
 
 

Forfeited
(153,289
)
 
39.68

 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Outstanding as of September 30, 2019
1,494,491

 
29.15

 
4.74
 
257

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Exercisable as of September 30, 2019
945,826

 
26.45

 
3.15
 
248

Other Share-Based Awards
The Company’s other share-based and similar types of awards are composed of restricted shares and restricted share units. The restricted shares and restricted share units are composed of a combination of service-based awards and performance-based awards.
Service-Based Awards. These awards generally vest over two to four year periods with (a) vesting in equal annual installments, or (b) vesting of all of the restricted shares and restricted share units at the end of the vesting period. A total of 520 thousand service-based awards were outstanding as of September 30, 2019. Beginning in 2019, service-based restricted share units were awarded as a component of most employees’ annual incentive compensation rather than cash.
Performance-Based Awards. These awards generally will vest if certain specific financial measures are achieved; one-third vests on each anniversary of the grant date or cliff-vest on the third anniversary of the grant date. The number of performance-based restricted shares and restricted share units that may vest will be based on the level of achievement, as specified in the award agreements. If the performance criteria achieved is above certain financial performance levels and Altisource’s share

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ALTISOURCE PORTFOLIO SOLUTIONS S.A.
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)


performance is above certain established criteria, participants have the opportunity to vest in up to 225% of the restricted share unit award for certain awards, depending on performance achieved. If the performance criteria achieved is below a certain threshold, the award is canceled. A total of 150 thousand performance-based awards were outstanding as of September 30, 2019.
The Company granted 401 thousand restricted share units (at a weighted average grant date fair value of $24.61 per share) during the nine months ended September 30, 2019.
The following table summarizes the activity related to our restricted shares and restricted share units:

Number of restricted shares and restricted share units
 
 
Outstanding as of December 31, 2018
485,806

Granted
401,458

Issued
(117,312
)
Forfeited/canceled
(100,244
)
 
 
Outstanding as of September 30, 2019
669,708

NOTE 17 — REVENUE
We classify revenue in three categories: service revenue, revenue from reimbursable expenses and non-controlling interests. Service revenue consists of amounts attributable to our fee-based services and sales of short-term investments in real estate. Reimbursable expenses and non-controlling interests are pass-through items for which we earn no margin. Reimbursable expenses consist of amounts we incur on behalf of our customers in performing our fee-based services that we pass directly on to our customers without a markup. Non-controlling interests represent the earnings of Lenders One, a consolidated entity that is a mortgage cooperative managed, but not owned, by Altisource. Lenders One is included in revenue and reduced from net income to arrive at net income attributable to Altisource (see Note 1). Our services are primarily provided to customers located in the United States. The components of revenue were as follows:
 
 
Three months ended
 September 30,
 
Nine months ended September 30,
(in thousands)
 
2019
 
2018
 
2019
 
2018
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Service revenue
 
$
133,781

 
$
196,906

 
$
489,300

 
$
594,533

Reimbursable expenses
 
7,213

 
6,815

 
16,484

 
23,970

Non-controlling interests
 
499

 
854

 
2,179

 
2,066

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Total
 
$
141,493

 
$
204,575

 
$
507,963

 
$
620,569

Disaggregation of Revenue
Disaggregation of total revenues by major source is as follows:
(in thousands)
 
Revenue recognized when services are performed or assets are sold
 
Revenue related to technology platforms and professional services
 
Reimbursable expenses revenue
 
Total revenue
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Three months ended September 30, 2019
 
$
125,939

 
$
8,341

 
$
7,213

 
$
141,493

Three months ended September 30, 2018
 
173,581

 
24,179

 
6,815

 
204,575

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Nine months ended September 30, 2019
 
452,643

 
38,836

 
16,484

 
507,963

Nine months ended September 30, 2018
 
527,743

 
68,856

 
23,970

 
620,569


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ALTISOURCE PORTFOLIO SOLUTIONS S.A.
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)


Contract Balances
Our contract assets consist of unbilled accounts receivable (see Note 5). Our contract liabilities consist of current deferred revenue as reported on the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets and non-current deferred revenue (see Note 14). Revenue recognized that was included in the contract liability at the beginning of the period, including amounts added to the contract liability as part of the cumulative effect of adopting FASB ASU No. 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606), was $9.4 million and $17.4 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively ($0.9 million and $6.1 million for the third quarter of 2019 and 2018, respectively).
NOTE 18 — COST OF REVENUE
Cost of revenue principally includes payroll and employee benefits associated with personnel employed in customer service and operations roles, fees paid to external providers related to the provision of services, cost of real estate sold, reimbursable expenses, technology and telecommunications costs as well as depreciation and amortization of operating assets. The components of cost of revenue were as follows:
 
 
Three months ended
 September 30,
 
Nine months ended September 30,
(in thousands)
 
2019
 
2018
 
2019
 
2018
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Compensation and benefits
 
$
30,463

 
$
49,707

 
$
108,637

 
$
159,342

Outside fees and services
 
61,314

 
73,096

 
182,483

 
207,073

Cost of real estate sold
 
393

 
1,092

 
42,763

 
17,591

Technology and telecommunications
 
10,298

 
10,230

 
27,124

 
30,533

Reimbursable expenses
 
7,213

 
6,815

 
16,484

 
23,970

Depreciation and amortization
 
1,225

 
6,640

 
10,160

 
19,471

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Total
 
$
110,906

 
$
147,580

 
$
387,651

 
$
457,980

During the third quarter of 2019, we reclassified certain lease items recorded in the first half of the year. This resulted in a $1.6 million increase in technology and telecommunications expense and a $1.5 million decrease in depreciation and amortization expense for the third quarter of 2019.
NOTE 19 — SELLING, GENERAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE EXPENSES
Selling, general and administrative expenses include payroll and employee benefits associated with personnel employed in executive, sales and marketing, finance, law, compliance, human resources, vendor management, facilities and risk management roles. This category also includes professional services fees, occupancy costs, marketing costs, depreciation and amortization of non-operating assets and other expenses. The components of selling, general and administrative expenses were as follows:
 
 
Three months ended
 September 30,
 
Nine months ended September 30,
(in thousands)
 
2019
 
2018
 
2019
 
2018
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Compensation and benefits
 
$
10,395

 
$
11,991

 
$
36,986

 
$
37,757

Occupancy related costs
 
12,209

 
7,428

 
19,988

 
23,051

Amortization of intangible assets
 
3,298

 
6,620

 
15,489

 
21,311

Professional services
 
2,588

 
4,915

 
11,384

 
12,469

Marketing costs
 
3,481

 
4,267

 
9,402

 
11,852

Depreciation and amortization
 
(4,344
)
 
1,054

 
4,036

 
5,272

Other
 
(443
)
 
10,054

 
6,990

 
20,665

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Total
 
$
27,184

 
$
46,329

 
$
104,275

 
$
132,377

During the third quarter of 2019, we reclassified certain operating lease items recorded in the first half of the year. This resulted in a $6.2 million increase in occupancy related costs and a $5.3 million decrease in depreciation and amortization expense for the third quarter of 2019.

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ALTISOURCE PORTFOLIO SOLUTIONS S.A.
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)


NOTE 20 — OTHER INCOME (EXPENSE), NET
Other income (expense), net consists of the following:
 
 
Three months ended
 September 30,
 
Nine months ended September 30,
(in thousands)
 
2019
 
2018
 
2019
 
2018
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Interest income
 
$
69

 
$
224

 
$
336

 
$
455

Loss on debt refinancing
 
—

 
—

 
—

 
(4,434
)
Other, net
 
337

 
(70
)
 
972

 
1,544

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Total
 
$
406

 
$
154

 
$
1,308

 
$
(2,435
)
During the third quarter of 2019, we reclassified certain operating lease items recorded in the first half on 2019. This resulted in a $1.5 million decrease in interest expense for the third quarter of 2019.
NOTE 21 — INCOME TAXES
We recognized an income tax provision of $20.7 million and $6.1 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively ($5.4 million and $6.6 million for the third quarter of 2019 and 2018, respectively). The effective income tax rate increased to 98.9% for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 from 42.6% for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 (increased slightly to 41.5% for the third quarter of 2019 from 41.0% for the third quarter of 2018). The increase in the income tax provision for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 was driven by a $12.3 million reduction in Luxembourg deferred tax assets in connection with a decrease in the Luxembourg statutory income tax rate from 26.0% to 24.9% in the second quarter of 2019. The increase in the income tax provision for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and the third quarter of 2019 was also due to a higher effective tax rate on the sale of the Financial Services Business (see Note 3) as a result of the jurisdictional mix of the net pretax gain on sale of this business. A component of the net gain represented a capital loss that did not result in a tax benefit due to a valuation allowance applied to the tax benefit. Excluding these items, the effective tax rate would have been 6.5% for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 40.0% for the third quarter of 2019.

NOTE 22 — EARNINGS PER SHARE
Basic earnings per share (“EPS”) is computed by dividing income available to common shareholders by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding for the period. Diluted EPS reflects the assumed conversion of all dilutive securities using the treasury stock method.
Basic and diluted EPS are calculated as follows:
 
 
Three months ended
 September 30,
 
Nine months ended September 30,
(in thousands, except per share data)
 
2019
 
2018
 
2019
 
2018
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net income (loss) attributable to Altisource
 
$
7,165

 
$
8,667

 
$
(1,863
)
 
$
6,103

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Weighted average common shares outstanding, basic
 
15,897

 
17,033

 
16,133

 
17,184

Dilutive effect of stock options, restricted shares and
restricted share units
 
254

 
542

 
—

 
485

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Weighted average common shares outstanding, diluted
 
16,151

 
17,575

 
16,133

 
17,669

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Earnings (loss) per share:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Basic
 
$
0.45

 
$
0.51

 
$
(0.12
)
 
$
0.36

Diluted
 
$
0.44

 
$
0.49

 
$
(0.12
)
 
$
0.35


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ALTISOURCE PORTFOLIO SOLUTIONS S.A.
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)


For the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, 1.6 million and 0.8 million, respectively (1.5 million and 0.6 million for the third quarter of 2019 and 2018, respectively), stock options, restricted shares and restricted share units were excluded from the computation of EPS, as a result of the following:
•
For the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, 0.5 million and 0.3 million, respectively (0.7 million and 0.1 million for the third quarter of 2019 and 2018, respectively), stock options were anti-dilutive and have been excluded from the computation of diluted EPS because their exercise price was greater than the average market price of our common stock
•
For the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, 0.8 million and 0.5 million, respectively (0.8 million and 0.5 million for the third quarter of 2019 and 2018, respectively), stock options, restricted shares and restricted share units, which begin to vest upon the achievement of certain market criteria related to our common stock price, performance criteria and an annualized rate of return to shareholders that have not yet been met, and have been excluded from the computation of diluted EPS
•
As a result of the net loss attributable to Altisource for the nine months ended September 30, 2019, 0.3 million stock options, restricted shares and restricted share units were excluded from the computation of diluted EPS, as their impacts were anti-dilutive
NOTE 23 — RESTRUCTURING CHARGES
In August 2018, Altisource initiated Project Catalyst, a project intended to optimize its operations and reduce costs to better align its cost structure with its anticipated revenues and improve its operating margins. During the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, Altisource incurred $9.1 million and $3.4 million, respectively, of severance costs, professional services fees and technology costs related to the reorganization plan ($2.8 million and $3.4 million for the third quarter of 2019 and 2018, respectively). We expect to incur additional severance costs, professional services fees, technology costs and facility consolidation costs in connection with this internal reorganization, automation and other technology related activities and will expense those costs as incurred. Based on our analysis, we currently anticipate the future costs relating to Project Catalyst to be in the range of approximately $12 million to $15 million.
NOTE 24 — COMMITMENTS, CONTINGENCIES AND REGULATORY MATTERS
We record a liability for contingencies if an unfavorable outcome is probable and the amount of loss can be reasonably estimated, including expected insurance coverage. For proceedings where the reasonable estimate of loss is a range, we record a best estimate of loss within the range.
Litigation
We are currently involved in legal actions in the course of our business, some of which seek monetary damages. We do not believe that the outcome of these proceedings, both individually and in the aggregate, will have a material impact on our financial condition, results of operations or cash flows.
Regulatory Matters
Periodically, we are subject to audits, examinations and investigations by federal, state and local governmental authorities and receive subpoenas, civil investigative demands or other requests for information from such governmental authorities in connection with their regulatory or investigative authority. We are currently responding to such inquiries from governmental authorities relating to certain aspects of our business. We believe it is premature to predict the potential outcome or to estimate any potential financial impact in connection with these inquiries.
Sales Taxes
On June 21, 2018, the United States Supreme Court rendered a 5-4 majority decision in South Dakota v. Wayfair, Inc., holding that a state may require a remote seller with no physical presence in the state to collect and remit sales tax on goods and services provided to purchasers in the state, overturning certain existing court precedent. During the nine months ended September 30, 2019, the Company completed the analysis of its services for potential exposure to sales tax in various jurisdictions in the United States. The Company recognized a $0.4 million and $5.9 million net loss for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively ($1.7 million gain and $5.9 million loss for the third quarter of 2019 and 2018, respectively) in selling, general and administrative expenses in the accompanying condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss). During the third quarter of 2019, we recognized a net reimbursement from clients of $1.7 million of sales taxes previously accrued and paid. The Company began invoicing, collecting and remitting sales tax in applicable jurisdictions in 2019. The Company is also in the process of seeking additional reimbursements for sales tax payments from clients; however, there can be no assurance that the Company will be successful in collecting some or all of such additional reimbursements. Future changes in our estimated

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ALTISOURCE PORTFOLIO SOLUTIONS S.A.
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)


sales tax exposure could result in a material adjustment to our condensed consolidated financial statements, which would impact our financial condition and results of operations.
Ocwen Related Matters
As discussed in Note 2, during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019, Ocwen was our largest customer, accounting for 54% of our total revenue (63% of our revenue for the third quarter of 2019). Additionally, 6% of our revenue for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 (6% of our revenue for the third quarter of 2019) was earned on the loan portfolios serviced by Ocwen, when a party other than Ocwen or the MSR owner selected Altisource as the service provider.
Ocwen has disclosed that it is subject to a number of ongoing federal and state regulatory examinations, cease and desist orders, consent orders, inquiries, subpoenas, civil investigative demands, requests for information and other actions and is subject to pending legal proceedings, some of which include claims against Ocwen for substantial monetary damages. In addition to monetary damages, various complaints have sought to obtain permanent injunctive relief, consumer redress, refunds, restitution, disgorgement, civil penalties, costs and fees and other relief. Existing or future similar matters could result in, and in some cases, have resulted in, adverse regulatory or other actions against Ocwen. Previous regulatory actions against Ocwen have subjected Ocwen to independent oversight of its operations and placed certain restrictions on its ability to acquire servicing rights. In addition to the above, Ocwen may become subject to future adverse regulatory or other actions.
Ocwen has disclosed that NRZ is its largest client. As of June 30, 2019, NRZ owned MSRs or rights to MSRs relating to approximately 53% of loans serviced and subserviced by Ocwen (measured in UPB). In July 2017 and January 2018, Ocwen and NRZ entered into a series of agreements pursuant to which the parties agreed, among other things, to undertake certain actions to facilitate the transfer from Ocwen to NRZ of Ocwen’s legal title to the Subject MSRs and under which Ocwen will subservice mortgage loans underlying the Subject MSRs for an initial term of five years. NRZ can terminate its sub-servicing agreement with Ocwen in exchange for the payment of a termination fee.
The existence or outcome of Ocwen regulatory matters or the termination of the NRZ sub-servicing agreement with Ocwen may have significant adverse effects on Ocwen’s business and/or our continuing relationship with Ocwen. For example, Ocwen may be required to alter the way it conducts business, including the parties it contracts with for services, it may be required to seek changes to its existing pricing structure with us, it may lose its non-government-sponsored enterprise (“GSE”) servicing rights or subservicing arrangements or may lose one or more of its state servicing or origination licenses. Additional regulatory actions or adverse financial developments may impose additional restrictions on or require changes in Ocwen’s business that could require it to sell assets or change its business operations. Any or all of these effects and others could result in our eventual loss of Ocwen as a customer or a reduction in the number and/or volume of services they purchase from us or the loss of other customers.
If any of the following events occurred, Altisource’s revenue could be significantly lower and our results of operations could be materially adversely affected, including from the possible impairment or write-off of goodwill, intangible assets, property and equipment, other assets and accounts receivable:
•
Altisource loses Ocwen as a customer or there is a significant reduction in the volume of services they purchase from us
•
Ocwen loses, sells or transfers a significant portion or all of its remaining non-GSE servicing rights or subservicing arrangements and Altisource fails to be retained as a service provider
•
Ocwen loses state servicing licenses in states with a significant number of loans in Ocwen’s servicing portfolio
•
The contractual relationship between Ocwen and Altisource changes significantly or there are significant changes to our pricing to Ocwen for services from which we generate material revenue
•
Altisource otherwise fails to be retained as a service provider
Management cannot predict whether any of these events will occur or the amount of any impact they may have on Altisource. However, in the event one or more of these events materially negatively impact Altisource, we believe the variable nature of our cost structure would allow us to realign our cost structure in line with remaining revenue. Furthermore, in the event of a significant reduction in the volume of services purchased or loan portfolios serviced by Ocwen (such as a transfer of Ocwen’s remaining servicing rights to a successor servicer), we believe the impact to Altisource could occur over an extended period of time. During this period, we believe that we will continue to generate revenue from all or a portion of Ocwen’s loan portfolios.
We are focused on diversifying and growing our revenue and customer base and we have a sales and marketing strategy to support our businesses. Management believes our plans, together with current liquidity and cash flows from operations, would be sufficient to meet our working capital, capital expenditures, debt service and other cash needs. However, there can be no assurance that our plans will be successful or our operations will be profitable.

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ALTISOURCE PORTFOLIO SOLUTIONS S.A.
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)


Leases
We lease certain premises and equipment, primarily consisting of office space and information technology equipment. Effective January 1, 2019, we adopted the provisions of Topic 842, resulting in recognition of $42.1 million of right-of-use assets in right-of-use-assets under operating leases and $45.5 million of operating lease liabilities (see Note 1). Certain of our leases include options to renew at our discretion or terminate leases early, and these options are considered in our determination of the expected lease term. Certain of our lease agreements include rental payments adjusted periodically for inflation. Our lease agreements generally do not contain any material residual value guarantees or material restrictive covenants. We sublease certain office space to third parties. Sublease income was $1.3 million and $1.2 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively ($0.5 million and $0.4 million for the third quarter of 2019 and 2018, respectively). The amortization period of right-of-use assets are generally limited by the expected lease term. Our leases generally have expected lease terms at adoption of one to six years.
Information about our lease terms and our discount rate assumption is as follows:
 
 
As of
September 30, 2019
 
 
 
Weighted average remaining lease term (in years)
 
3.22

Weighted average discount rate
 
7.14
%
Our lease activity during the period is as follows:
(in thousands)
 
Three months ended
 September 30, 2019
 
Nine months ended
 September 30, 2019
 
 
 
 
 
Operating lease costs:
 
 
 
 
Selling, general and administrative expense
 
$
3,103

 
$
8,368

Cost of revenue
 
751

 
2,279

 
 
 
 
 
Cash used in operating activities for amounts included in the measurement
of lease liabilities
 
3,771

 
12,228

Short-term (less than one year) lease costs
 
1,539

 
3,848

Maturities of our lease liabilities as of September 30, 2019 are as follows:
(in thousands)
 
Operating lease liabilities
 
 
 
2019
 
$
3,460

2020
 
11,627

2021
 
7,837

2022
 
4,736

2023
 
3,323

Thereafter
 
1,338

Total lease payments
 
32,321

Less interest
 
(4,056
)
 
 
 
Present value of lease liabilities
 
$
28,265

Escrow Balances
We hold customers’ assets in escrow accounts at various financial institutions pending completion of certain real estate activities. These amounts are held in escrow accounts for limited periods of time and are not included in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets. Amounts held in escrow accounts were $34.7 million and $23.6 million as of September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively.
NOTE 25 — SUBSEQUENT EVENT
On October 8, 2019, the Company announced that it intends to wind down and close the Owners.com business. The Company believes that closing Owners.com supports its simplification strategy, eliminates the cash burn associated with this earlier stage business, and increases focus on our core real estate and mortgage businesses. For the nine months ended September 30, 2019, Owners.com generated $5.9 million of revenue and $12.8 million of loss before income taxes. In connection with the exit of the Owners.com business, the Company estimates that it will recognize a $5.9 million non-cash goodwill and intangible assets impairment charge in the fourth quarter of 2019 as well as wind-down and severance costs. Owners.com is not material in relation to the Company’s results of operations or financial position.

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Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
Management’s discussion and analysis of financial condition and results of operations (“MD&A”) is a supplement to the accompanying interim condensed consolidated financial statements and is intended to provide a reader of our financial statements with a narrative from the perspective of management on our businesses, current developments, financial condition, results of operations and liquidity. Our MD&A should be read in conjunction with our Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018 filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) on February 26, 2019.
FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS
This Form 10-Q contains forward-looking statements within the safe harbor provisions of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. These statements may relate to, among other things, future events or our future performance or financial condition. Words such as “anticipate,” “intend,” “expect,” “may,” “could,” “should,” “would,” “plan,” “estimate,” “believe,” “predict,” “potential” or “continue” or the negative of these terms and other comparable terminology are intended to identify such forward-looking statements. Such statements are based on expectations as to the future and are not statements of historical fact. Furthermore, forward-looking statements are not guarantees of future performance and involve a number of assumptions, risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially. The following are examples of such items and are not intended to be all inclusive:
•
assumptions related to sources of liquidity and the adequacy of financial resources;
•
assumptions about our ability to grow our business, including executing on our strategic initiatives;
•
assumptions about our ability to improve margins and anticipated expense reductions as a result of Project Catalyst;
•
assumptions regarding the impact of seasonality;
•
estimates regarding our effective tax rate; and
•
estimates regarding our reserves and valuations.
Important factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from those suggested by the forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to, the risks discussed in the Risk Factors section of our Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018 including:
•
our ability to retain Ocwen Financial Corporation (together with its subsidiaries, “Ocwen”) as a customer or our ability to receive the anticipated volume of referrals from Ocwen;
•
our ability to retain New Residential Investment Corp. (individually, together with one or more of its subsidiaries, or one or more of its subsidiaries individually, “NRZ”) as a customer or our ability to receive the anticipated volume of referrals from NRZ;
•
our ability to comply with material agreements if a change of control is deemed to have occurred including, among other things, through the formation of a shareholder group, this may cause a termination event or event of default under certain of our agreements;
•
our ability to execute on our strategic plan;
•
our ability to retain our existing customers, expand relationships and attract new customers;
•
our ability to comply with governmental regulations and policies and any changes in such regulations and policies;
•
the level of loan delinquencies and charge-offs;
•
the level of origination volume;
•
technology incidents, data breaches and cybersecurity risks; and
•
significant changes in tax regulations and interpretations in the countries, states and local jurisdictions in which we operate.
We caution the reader not to place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements as they reflect our view only as of the date of this report. We are under no obligation (and expressly disclaim any obligation) to update or alter any forward-looking statements contained herein to reflect any change in our expectations with regard thereto or any change in events, conditions or circumstances on which any such statement is based.
OVERVIEW
Our Business
When we refer to “Altisource,” the “Company,” “we,” “us” or “our” we mean Altisource Portfolio Solutions S.A., a Luxembourg société anonyme, or public limited liability company, and its subsidiaries.

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We are an integrated service provider and marketplace for the real estate and mortgage industries. Combining operational excellence with a suite of innovative services and technologies, Altisource helps solve the demands of the ever-changing markets we serve.
Effective January 1, 2019, the Company reorganized its internal reporting structure in connection with Project Catalyst, a project initiated in August 2018 to optimize our operations and reduce costs to better align our cost structure with our anticipated revenues and improve our operating margins. The internal reorganization included, among other changes, the replacement of segment presidents with a chief operating officer, who is responsible for products, services and operations for the Company’s Mortgage Market and Real Estate Market businesses, reporting to our Chairman and Chief Executive Officer (our chief operating decision maker) who manages our businesses, regularly reviews operating results and profitability, allocates resources and evaluates performance on a consolidated basis. Prior to January 1, 2019, the Company reported our operations through two reportable segments: Mortgage Market and Real Estate Market. In addition, we reported Other Businesses, Corporate and Eliminations separately. The prior year presentation has been reclassified to conform to the current year presentation.
We provide loan servicers and originators with marketplaces, services and technologies that span the mortgage lifecycle. We provide real estate consumers with marketplaces and services that span the real estate lifecycle. Our offerings include:
Field Services
•
Property preservation and inspection services, including vendor management, marketplace transaction management, payment management technologies and a vendor management oversight software-as-a-service (“SaaS”) platform
Marketplace
•
Hubzu® online real estate auction platform, real estate auction, real estate brokerage and asset management
•
Equator®, a SaaS based technology to manage real estate owned (“REO”), short sales, foreclosure, bankruptcy and eviction processes
Mortgage and Real Estate Solutions
•
Mortgage origination loan fulfillment, certification and certification insurance services and technologies
•
Title insurance (as an agent), settlement and valuation services
•
Residential and commercial construction inspection and risk mitigation services
•
Management of the Best Partners Mortgage Cooperative, Inc., doing business as Lenders One® (“Lenders One”), mortgage banking cooperative
•
Foreclosure trustee services
Earlier Stage Businesses
•
Owners.com® technology-enabled real estate brokerage and provider of related mortgage brokerage and title services (on October 8, 2019, we announced the intent to wind down and close the Owners.com business)
•
Pointillist® customer journey analytics platform
Other
•
Financial Services business, including post-charge-off consumer debt and mortgage charge-off collection services and customer relationship management services (sold on July 1, 2019)
•
Buy-Renovate-Lease-Sell (“BRS”) short-term investments in real estate (this business was discontinued in 2019 with the majority of the BRS inventory sold in the second quarter of 2019 and the remaining inventory sold in the third quarter of 2019)
•
Residential loan servicing technologies, document management platform and information technology infrastructure management services (these services are being terminated following Ocwen’s transition to another servicing platform)
•
Commercial loan servicing technology
We classify revenue in three categories: service revenue, revenue from reimbursable expenses and non-controlling interests. In evaluating our performance, we focus on service revenue. Service revenue consists of amounts attributable to our fee-based services and sales of short-term investments in real estate. Reimbursable expenses and non-controlling interests are pass-through items for which we earn no margin. Reimbursable expenses consist of amounts we incur on behalf of our customers in performing our fee-based services that we pass directly on to our customers without a markup. Non-controlling interests represent the earnings of Lenders One. Lenders One is a mortgage cooperative managed, but not owned, by Altisource. Lenders One is included in revenue and reduced from net income to arrive at net income attributable to Altisource.

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Strategy and Core Businesses
We are focused on becoming one of the premier providers of mortgage and real estate marketplaces and related services to a broad and diversified customer base. The real estate and mortgage marketplaces represent large markets. We believe our scale and suite of offerings to these large markets provide us with competitive advantages that could support our growth.
Through our offerings that support residential loan servicers, we provide a suite of services and technologies intended to meet their growing and evolving needs. We are focused on growing referrals from our existing customer base and attracting new customers to our offerings. We have a customer base that includes Ocwen, a government-sponsored enterprise (“GSE”), NRZ, several large bank and non-bank servicers and asset managers. We believe we are one of only a few providers with a broad suite of servicer solutions, nationwide coverage and demonstrated scalability. Further, we believe we are well positioned to gain market share as delinquency rates rise and as existing customers and prospects consolidate to larger, full-service providers and outsource services that have historically been performed in-house.
We also provide services to loan originators (or other similar mortgage market participants) in originating, buying and selling residential mortgages. We provide a suite of services and technologies to meet the evolving and growing needs of lenders, mortgage purchasers and securitizers. We are focused on attempting to grow referrals from our existing customer base and attract new customers to our offerings. We have a customer base that includes Lenders One cooperative mortgage bankers and mid-size and larger bank and non-bank loan originators. We believe our suite of services and technologies positions us to grow our relationships with our existing customer base by providing additional products, services and solutions to these customers. During periods of rising delinquency rates, we believe we are well positioned to attract new customers as prospects consolidate to larger, full-service providers and outsource services that have historically been performed in-house.
Our earlier stage businesses include Owners.com and Pointillist. However, on October 8, 2019, we announced our intent to wind down and close the Owners.com business to increase focus on core operations and to support our simplification strategy and eliminate cash burn associated with this earlier stage business. Pointillist was developed by Altisource through our consumer analytics capabilities. We believe it is a potentially disruptive SaaS-based platform which provides unique customer journey analytics at scale and enables customers to engage through our intelligent platform. In September 2019, we announced the creation of Pointillist, Inc. (“Pointillist”) as its own legal entity to position it for accelerated growth and outside investment and contributed the Pointillist business and $8.5 million to it. Pointillist is owned by Altisource and management of Pointillist. Management of Pointillist owns a non-controlling interest representing 12% of the outstanding equity of Pointillist. Additional equity shares of Pointillist are available for issuance to management and board members of Pointillist. Altisource has an option, but no ongoing obligation, to participate in future funding of Pointillist.
Share Repurchase Program
On May 15, 2018, our shareholders approved the renewal and replacement of the share repurchase program previously approved by the shareholders on May 17, 2017. Under the program, we are authorized to purchase up to 4.3 million shares of our common stock, based on a limit of 25% of the outstanding shares of common stock on the date of approval, at a minimum price of $1.00 per share and a maximum price of $500.00 per share, for a period of five years from the date of approval. As of September 30, 2019, approximately 2.7 million shares of common stock remain available for repurchase under the program. We purchased 0.6 million shares of common stock at an average price of $21.03 per share during the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 0.8 million shares at an average price of $27.48 per share during the nine months ended September 30, 2018 (0.3 million shares at an average price of $20.24 per share for the third quarter of 2019 and 21 thousand shares at an average price of $30.93 per share for the third quarter of 2018). Luxembourg law limits share repurchases to the balance of Altisource Portfolio Solutions S.A. (unconsolidated parent company) retained earnings, less the value of shares repurchased. As of September 30, 2019, we can repurchase up to approximately $104 million of our common stock under Luxembourg law. Our Credit Agreement also limits the amount we can spend on share repurchases, which was approximately $443 million as of September 30, 2019, and may prevent repurchases in certain circumstances.
Ocwen Related Matters
During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019, Ocwen was our largest customer, accounting for 54% of our total revenue for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 (63% of our revenue for the third quarter of 2019). Additionally, 6% of our revenue for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 (6% of our revenue for the third quarter of 2019) was earned on the loan portfolios serviced by Ocwen, when a party other than Ocwen or the mortgage servicing rights (“MSRs”) owner selected Altisource as the service provider.
Ocwen has disclosed that it is subject to a number of ongoing federal and state regulatory examinations, cease and desist orders, consent orders, inquiries, subpoenas, civil investigative demands, requests for information and other actions and is subject to

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pending legal proceedings, some of which include claims against Ocwen for substantial monetary damages. In addition to monetary damages, various complaints have sought to obtain permanent injunctive relief, consumer redress, refunds, restitution, disgorgement, civil penalties, costs and fees and other relief. Existing or future similar matters could result in, and in some cases, have resulted in, adverse regulatory or other actions against Ocwen. Previous regulatory actions against Ocwen have subjected Ocwen to independent oversight of its operations and placed certain restrictions on its ability to acquire servicing rights. In addition to the above, Ocwen may become subject to future adverse regulatory or other actions.
Ocwen has disclosed that NRZ is its largest client. As of June 30, 2019, NRZ owned MSRs or rights to MSRs relating to approximately 53% of loans serviced and subserviced by Ocwen (measured in unpaid principal balances). In July 2017 and January 2018, Ocwen and NRZ entered into a series of agreements pursuant to which the parties agreed, among other things, to undertake certain actions to facilitate the transfer from Ocwen to NRZ of Ocwen’s legal title to certain of its MSRs (the “Subject MSRs”) and under which Ocwen will subservice mortgage loans underlying the MSRs for an initial term of five years. NRZ can terminate its sub-servicing agreement with Ocwen in exchange for the payment of a termination fee.
The existence or outcome of Ocwen regulatory matters or the termination of the NRZ sub-servicing agreement with Ocwen may have significant adverse effects on Ocwen’s business and/or our continuing relationship with Ocwen. For example, Ocwen may be required to alter the way it conducts business, including the parties it contracts with for services, it may be required to seek changes to its existing pricing structure with us, it may lose its non-GSE servicing rights or subservicing arrangements or may lose one or more of its state servicing or origination licenses. Additional regulatory actions or adverse financial developments may impose additional restrictions on or require changes in Ocwen’s business that could require it to sell assets or change its business operations. Any or all of these effects and others could result in our eventual loss of Ocwen as a customer or a reduction in the number and/or volume of services they purchase from us or the loss of other customers.
If any of the following events occurred, Altisource’s revenue could be significantly lower and our results of operations could be materially adversely affected, including from the possible impairment or write-off of goodwill, intangible assets, property and equipment, other assets and accounts receivable:
•
Altisource loses Ocwen as a customer or there is a significant reduction in the volume of services they purchase from us
•
Ocwen loses, sells or transfers a significant portion or all of its remaining non-GSE servicing rights or subservicing arrangements and Altisource fails to be retained as a service provider
•
Ocwen loses state servicing licenses in states with a significant number of loans in Ocwen’s servicing portfolio
•
The contractual relationship between Ocwen and Altisource changes significantly or there are significant changes to our pricing to Ocwen for services from which we generate material revenue
•
Altisource otherwise fails to be retained as a service provider
Management cannot predict whether any of these events will occur or the amount of any impact they may have on Altisource. However, in the event one or more of these events materially negatively impact Altisource, we believe the variable nature of our cost structure would allow us to realign our cost structure in line with remaining revenue. Furthermore, in the event of a significant reduction in the volume of services purchased or loan portfolios serviced by Ocwen (such as a transfer of Ocwen’s remaining servicing rights to a successor servicer), we believe the impact to Altisource could occur over an extended period of time. During this period, we believe that we will continue to generate revenue from all or a portion of Ocwen’s loan portfolios.
We are focused on diversifying and growing our revenue and customer base and we have a sales and marketing strategy to support our businesses. Management believes our plans, together with current liquidity and cash flows from operations, would be sufficient to meet our working capital, capital expenditures, debt service and other cash needs. However, there can be no assurance that our plans will be successful or our operations will be profitable.
Factors Affecting Comparability
The following items impact the comparability of our results:
•
On March 28, 2019, Altisource entered into a definitive agreement to sell its Financial Services business, consisting of post-charge-off consumer debt and mortgage charge-off collection services and customer relationship management services (the “Financial Services Business”) to Transworld Systems Inc. (“TSI”) for $44.0 million consisting of an up-front payment of $40.0 million, subject to a working capital adjustment and transaction costs upon closing of the sale, and an additional $4.0 million payment on the one year anniversary of the sale closing. The sale closed on July 1, 2019 and in connection with this sale, we recognized a $17.6 million pretax gain on sale for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and the third quarter of 2019. The parties also entered into a transition services agreement to provide for the management and orderly transition of certain services and technologies to TSI for periods ranging from 2 months to 13

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months. On July 17, 2019, Altisource used $37.0 million of the net up-front payment to repay a portion of its senior secured term loan.
•
On June 28, 2019, the Company sold the majority of its short-term investments in real estate (“BRS Inventory”) to Lafayette Real Estate for $38.9 million and incurred closing costs of $1.8 million. In September 2019, the Company sold the remaining two BRS Inventory homes for $0.4 million.
•
In May 2019, the Company began selling its investment in Front Yard Residential Corporation (“RESI”) common stock. During the nine months ended September 30, 2019, the Company sold 0.7 million shares for net proceeds of $7.8 million (0.1 million shares for net proceeds of $1.3 million for the third quarter of 2019). As required by the senior secured term loan agreement, the Company is using the net proceeds to repay a portion of its senior secured term loan.
•
During the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, the Company recognized an unrealized gain (loss) of $11.7 million and $(4.2) million, respectively ($(2.3) million and $1.8 million for the third quarter of 2019 and 2018, respectively) on its investment in RESI common shares in other income (expense), net in the accompanying condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss) from changes in the market value of RESI common shares.
•
Effective January 1, 2019, the Company implemented a new accounting standard on leases which required the recognition of operating leases by companies as operating lease liabilities on their balance sheets and also required the recognition of right-of-use assets. Adoption of this new standard resulted in the recognition of $42.1 million of right-of-use assets in right-of-use assets under operating leases, $45.5 million of operating lease liabilities ($16.7 million in other current liabilities and $28.8 million in other non-current liabilities) and reduced accrued rent and lease incentives by $3.4 million in accounts payable and accrued liabilities and other non-current liabilities on the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets (see Notes 1 and 24 to the condensed consolidated financial statements for additional information regarding this accounting change). In connection with the adoption of the new accounting standard on leases, the Company initially recorded the operating lease expense as components of depreciation and amortization and interest expense. During the third quarter of 2019, the Company reclassified certain operating lease items recorded in the first half of 2019. This resulted in a $1.6 million increase in technology and telecommunications expense and a $1.5 million decrease in depreciation and amortization expense in cost of revenue, a $6.2 million increase in occupancy related costs and a $5.3 million decrease in depreciation and amortization expense in selling, general and administrative expense (“SG&A”), and a $1.5 million decrease in interest expense, for the third quarter of 2019. For the nine months ended September 30, 2019, operating lease expenses in cost of revenue, SG&A and interest expense are consistent with the new accounting standard on leases and comparable with the prior year.
•
In August 2018, Altisource initiated Project Catalyst, a project intended to optimize its operations and reduce costs to better align its cost structure with its anticipated revenues and improve its operating margins. During the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, Altisource incurred $9.1 million and $3.4 million, respectively, of severance costs, professional services fees and technology costs related to the reorganization plan ($2.8 million and $3.4 million for the third quarter of 2019 and 2018, respectively). Altisource expects to incur additional severance costs, professional services fees, technology costs and facility consolidation costs in connection with this internal reorganization, automation and other technology related activities and will expense those costs as incurred. Based on the Company’s analysis, it currently anticipates the future costs relating to Project Catalyst to be in the range of approximately $12 million to $15 million.
•
In August 2018, the Company sold its rental property management business to RESI for total transaction proceeds of $18.0 million, $15.0 million of which was received on the closing date of August 8, 2018 and $3.0 million of which will be received on the earlier of a RESI change of control or August 8, 2023. The Company recognized a $13.7 million pretax gain on the sale of this business during the third quarter of 2018 in the condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss) in connection with this transaction. See Note 3 to the condensed consolidated financial statements.
•
On June 21, 2018, the United States Supreme Court rendered a 5-4 majority decision in South Dakota v. Wayfair, Inc., holding that a state may require a remote seller with no physical presence in the state to collect and remit sales tax on goods and services provided to purchasers in the state, overturning certain existing court precedent. During the nine months ended September 30, 2019, the Company completed the analysis of its services for potential exposure to sales tax in various jurisdictions in the United States. The Company recognized a $0.4 million and $5.9 million loss for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively ($1.7 million gain and $5.9 million loss for the third quarter of 2019 and 2018, respectively), in SG&A in the accompanying condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss). During the third quarter of 2019, we recognized a net reimbursement from clients of $1.7 million of sales taxes. The Company began invoicing, collecting and remitting sales tax in applicable jurisdictions in 2019. The Company is also in the process of seeking additional reimbursements for sales tax payments from clients; however, there can be no assurance that the Company will be successful in collecting some or all of such additional reimbursements. Future changes in our estimated sales tax exposure could result in a material adjustment to our condensed consolidated financial statements which would impact our financial condition and results of operations.

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•
On April 3, 2018, Altisource and its wholly-owned subsidiary, Altisource S.à r.l. entered into a credit agreement (the “Credit Agreement”) with Morgan Stanley Senior Funding, Inc., as administrative agent and collateral agent, and certain lenders, pursuant to which, among other things, Altisource borrowed $412.0 million in the form of Term B Loans. Proceeds from the Term B Loans were used to repay the Company’s prior senior secured term loan. In connection with the refinancing, we recognized a loss of $4.4 million from the write-off of unamortized debt issuance costs and debt discount for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and third quarter of 2018 (no comparative amounts for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and the third quarter of 2019).
•
The Company recognized an income tax provision of $20.7 million and $6.1 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively ($5.4 million and $6.6 million for the third quarter of 2019 and 2018, respectively). The effective income tax rate increased to 98.9% for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 from 42.6% for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 (increased slightly to 41.5% for the third quarter of 2019 from 41.0% for the third quarter of 2018). The increase in the income tax provision for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 was driven by a $12.3 million reduction in Luxembourg deferred tax assets in connection with a decrease in the Luxembourg statutory income tax rate from 26.0% to 24.9% in the second quarter of 2019. The increase in the income tax provision for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and the third quarter of 2019 was also due to a higher effective tax rate on the sale of the Financial Services Business, as discussed above, as a result of the jurisdictional mix of the net pretax gain on the sale of this business. A component of the net gain represented a capital loss that did not result in a tax benefit due to a valuation allowance applied to the tax benefit. Excluding these items, the effective tax rate would have been 6.5% for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 40.0% for the third quarter of 2019.


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RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
Summary Results
The following is a discussion of our results of operations for the periods indicated.
The following table sets forth information regarding our consolidated results of operations:
 
 
Three months ended September 30,
 
Nine months ended September 30,
(in thousands, except per share data)
 
2019
 
2018
 
% Increase (decrease)
 
2019
 
2018
 
% Increase (decrease)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Service revenue
 
$
133,781

 
$
196,906

 
(32
)
 
$
489,300

 
$
594,533

 
(18
)
Reimbursable expenses
 
7,213

 
6,815

 
6

 
16,484

 
23,970

 
(31
)
Non-controlling interests
 
499

 
854

 
(42
)
 
2,179

 
2,066

 
5

Total revenue
 
141,493

 
204,575

 
(31
)
 
507,963

 
620,569

 
(18
)
Cost of revenue
 
110,906

 
147,580

 
(25
)
 
387,651

 
457,980

 
(15
)
Gross profit
 
30,587

 
56,995

 
(46
)
 
120,312

 
162,589

 
(26
)
Operating expenses (income):
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Selling, general and administrative expenses
 
27,184

 
46,329

 
(41
)
 
104,275

 
132,377

 
(21
)
Gain on sale of businesses
 
(17,558
)
 
(13,688
)
 
28

 
(17,558
)
 
(13,688
)
 
28

Restructuring charges
 
2,761

 
3,436

 
(20
)
 
9,080

 
3,436

 
164

Income from operations
 
18,200

 
20,918

 
(13
)
 
24,515

 
40,464

 
(39
)
Other income (expense), net
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Interest expense
 
(3,357
)
 
(6,725
)
 
(50
)
 
(16,656
)
 
(19,615
)
 
(15
)
Unrealized (loss) gain on investment in equity securities
 
(2,294
)
 
1,782

 
(229
)
 
11,731

 
(4,186
)
 
380

Other income (expense), net
 
406

 
154

 
164

 
1,308

 
(2,435
)
 
154

Total other income (expense), net
 
(5,245
)
 
(4,789
)
 
10

 
(3,617
)
 
(26,236
)
 
(86
)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Income before income taxes and non-controlling interests
 
12,955

 
16,129

 
(20
)
 
20,898

 
14,228

 
47

Income tax provision
 
(5,379
)
 
(6,608
)
 
(19
)
 
(20,670
)
 
(6,059
)
 
241

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net income
 
7,576

 
9,521

 
(20
)
 
228

 
8,169

 
(97
)
Net income attributable to non-controlling interests
 
(411
)
 
(854
)
 
(52
)
 
(2,091
)
 
(2,066
)
 
1

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net income (loss) attributable to Altisource
 
$
7,165

 
$
8,667

 
(17
)
 
$
(1,863
)
 
$
6,103

 
(131
)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Margins:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

 
 

 
 

Gross profit/service revenue
 
23
%
 
29
%
 
 
 
25
%
 
27
%
 
 

Income from operations/service revenue
 
14
%
 
11
%
 
 
 
5
%
 
7
%
 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Earnings (loss) per share:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Basic
 
$
0.45

 
$
0.51

 
(12
)
 
$
(0.12
)
 
$
0.36

 
(133
)
Diluted
 
$
0.44

 
$
0.49

 
(10
)
 
$
(0.12
)
 
$
0.35

 
(134
)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Weighted average shares outstanding:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Basic
 
15,897

 
17,033

 
(7
)
 
16,133

 
17,184

 
(6
)
Diluted
 
16,151

 
17,575

 
(8
)
 
16,133

 
17,669

 
(9
)


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Revenue
Revenue by line of business was as follows:
 
 
Three months ended September 30,
 
Nine months ended September 30,
(in thousands)
 
2019
 
2018
 
% Increase (decrease)
 
2019
 
2018
 
% Increase (decrease)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Service revenue:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Field Services
 
$
69,873

 
$
76,719

 
(9
)
 
$
204,355

 
$
217,027

 
(6
)
Marketplace
 
25,910

 
44,033

 
(41
)
 
95,480

 
146,489

 
(35
)
Mortgage and Real Estate Solutions
 
31,728

 
35,749

 
(11
)
 
85,081

 
100,360

 
(15
)
Earlier Stage Businesses
 
2,492

 
2,770

 
(10
)
 
6,903

 
6,607

 
4

Other
 
3,778

 
37,635

 
(90
)
 
97,481

 
124,050

 
(21
)
Total service revenue
 
133,781

 
196,906

 
(32
)
 
489,300

 
594,533

 
(18
)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Reimbursable expenses:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Field Services
 
2,008

 
4,811

 
(58
)
 
7,082

 
17,014

 
(58
)
Marketplace
 
4,175

 
814

 
N/M

 
6,410

 
3,109

 
106

Mortgage and Real Estate Solutions
 
1,030

 
1,177

 
(12
)
 
2,802

 
3,812

 
(26
)
Other
 
—

 
13

 
(100
)
 
190

 
35

 
N/M

Total reimbursable expenses
 
7,213

 
6,815

 
6

 
16,484

 
23,970

 
(31
)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Non-controlling interests:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Mortgage and Real Estate Solutions
 
499

 
854

 
(42
)
 
2,179

 
2,066

 
5

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Total revenue
 
$
141,493

 
$
204,575

 
(31
)
 
$
507,963

 
$
620,569

 
(18
)
N/M — not meaningful.
We recognized service revenue of $489.3 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2019, an 18% decrease compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2018 ($133.8 million for the third quarter of 2019, a 32% decrease compared to the third quarter of 2018). Field Services, Marketplace and Mortgage and Real Estate Solutions were negatively impacted during these periods by the reduction in the size of Ocwen’s portfolio and number of delinquent loans, RESI’s smaller portfolio of non-performing loans and REO and the temporary impact that Ocwen’s transition to another servicing system had on default related referral volume and REO inventory conversion rates. The Company estimates that revenue was approximately $7.8 million lower in the third quarter of 2019 because of lower REO inventory conversion rates related to Ocwen’s transition to a new servicing system. The Company believes that the lower conversion rates are largely a timing item and anticipates returning to normal conversion rates during the fourth quarter of 2019 and the first half of 2020. In addition, service revenue declined from the July 1, 2019 sale of the Financial Services Business and lower REALServicing revenue from Ocwen’s second quarter 2019 migration to another servicing system. Service revenue for the third quarter of 2019 was also lower than the third quarter of 2018 from the discontinuation of the BRS business.
We recognized reimbursable expense revenue of $16.5 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2019, a 31% decrease compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2018 ($7.2 million for the third quarter of 2019, a 6% increase compared to the third quarter of 2018). The decrease in reimbursable expense revenue for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 was primarily for the reasons discussed in service revenue above, partially offset by an increase in reimbursable expense revenue for Marketplace related to new early stage disposition services performed. The increase in the third quarter of 2019 was primarily driven by the increase in Marketplace revenue related to new early stage disposition services performed, partially offset by decreases related to the same reasons discussed in service revenue above.
Certain of our revenues are impacted by seasonality. More specifically, revenues from property sales, loan originations and certain Field Services typically tend to be at their lowest level during the fall and winter months and at their highest level during the spring and summer months.
Cost of Revenue and Gross Profit
Cost of revenue principally includes payroll and employee benefits associated with personnel employed in operations roles, fees paid to external providers related to the provision of services, cost of real estate sold, reimbursable expenses, technology and telecommunications costs and depreciation and amortization of operating assets.

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Cost of revenue consisted of the following:
 
 
Three months ended September 30,
 
Nine months ended September 30,
(in thousands)
 
2019
 
2018
 
% Increase (decrease)
 
2019
 
2018
 
% Increase (decrease)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Compensation and benefits
 
$
30,463

 
$
49,707

 
(39
)
 
$
108,637

 
$
159,342

 
(32
)
Outside fees and services
 
61,314

 
73,096

 
(16
)
 
182,483

 
207,073

 
(12
)
Cost of real estate sold
 
393

 
1,092

 
(64
)
 
42,763

 
17,591

 
143

Technology and telecommunications
 
10,298

 
10,230

 
1

 
27,124

 
30,533

 
(11
)
Reimbursable expenses
 
7,213

 
6,815

 
6

 
16,484

 
23,970

 
(31
)
Depreciation and amortization
 
1,225

 
6,640

 
(82
)
 
10,160

 
19,471

 
(48
)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Cost of revenue
 
$
110,906

 
$
147,580

 
(25
)
 
$
387,651

 
$
457,980

 
(15
)
We recognized cost of revenue of $387.7 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2019, a 15% decrease compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2018 ($110.9 million for the third quarter of 2019, a 25% decrease compared to the third quarter of 2018). The decreases were primarily driven by lower revenue in Field Services, Marketplace and Mortgage and Real Estate Solutions businesses, the July 1, 2019 sale of the Financial Services Business, the transfer of employees to SG&A functions in connection with the Project Catalyst reorganization and from the second quarter 2019 completion of the depreciation period for certain premises and equipment. The decrease in cost of revenue for the third quarter of 2019 compared to the same period in 2018 was partially offset by higher cost of real estate sold from the sale of all of the BRS Inventory in 2019. During the third quarter of 2019, we reclassified certain operating lease items recorded in the first half of 2019. This resulted in a $1.6 million increase in technology and telecommunications expense and a $1.5 million decrease in depreciation and amortization expense in cost of revenue for the third quarter of 2019.
Gross profit decreased to $120.3 million, representing 25% of service revenue, for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 compared to $162.6 million, representing 27% of service revenue, for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 (decreased to $30.6 million, representing 23% of service revenue, for the third quarter of 2019 compared to $57.0 million, representing 29% of service revenue, for the third quarter of 2018). Gross profit as a percentage of service revenue for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019 decreased compared to the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018, primarily due to revenue mix with lower revenue from higher margin businesses, including the impact of the July 1, 2019 sale of the Financial Services Business. The revenue mix change was impacted by Ocwen's servicing system transition as discussed above. Absent the transition, we believe we would have had substantially higher Hubzu sale conversion rates generating substantially more revenue at higher margins. Gross profit as a percentage of service revenue for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 compared to the same period in 2018 was also impacted by higher 2019 revenue from the sale of the BRS Inventory, which incurred a loss. These decreases were partially offset by our Project Catalyst cost reduction initiatives.
Selling, General and Administrative Expenses
SG&A includes payroll for personnel employed in executive, sales and marketing, finance, law, compliance, human resources, vendor management, facilities and risk management roles. This category also includes professional services fees, occupancy costs, marketing costs, depreciation and amortization of non-operating assets and other expenses.
SG&A expenses consisted of the following:
 
 
Three months ended September 30,
 
Nine months ended September 30,
(in thousands)
 
2019
 
2018
 
% Increase (decrease)
 
2019
 
2018
 
% Increase (decrease)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Compensation and benefits
 
$
10,395

 
$
11,991

 
(13
)
 
$
36,986

 
$
37,757

 
(2
)
Occupancy related costs
 
12,209

 
7,428

 
64

 
19,988

 
23,051

 
(13
)
Amortization of intangible assets
 
3,298

 
6,620

 
(50
)
 
15,489

 
21,311

 
(27
)
Professional services
 
2,588

 
4,915

 
(47
)
 
11,384

 
12,469

 
(9
)
Marketing costs
 
3,481

 
4,267

 
(18
)
 
9,402

 
11,852

 
(21
)
Depreciation and amortization
 
(4,344
)
 
1,054

 
N/M

 
4,036

 
5,272

 
(23
)
Other
 
(443
)
 
10,054

 
(104
)
 
6,990

 
20,665

 
(66
)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Selling, general and administrative expenses
 
$
27,184

 
$
46,329

 
(41
)
 
$
104,275

 
$
132,377

 
(21
)
N/M — not meaningful.

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SG&A for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 of $104.3 million decreased by 21% compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2018 ($27.2 million for the third quarter of 2019, a 41% decrease compared to the third quarter of 2018). The decreases were primarily driven by lower amortization of intangible assets and Other expenses. The decreases in amortization of intangible assets were driven by lower revenue generated by the Homeward Residential, Inc. and Residential Capital, LLC portfolios (revenue-based amortization), consistent with the reduction in the size of Ocwen’s portfolio discussed in the revenue section above, and the July 1, 2019 sale of the Financial Services Business. Other expenses decreased primarily due to a $5.9 million contingent loss accrual for sales tax exposure in the United States recognized in the third quarter of 2018 and a net reimbursement from clients of $1.7 million of sales taxes in the third quarter of 2019, lower travel and entertainment costs driven by Project Catalyst cost reduction initiatives and lower bad debt expense. In addition, during the third quarter of 2019, we reclassified certain operating lease items recorded in the first half of 2019. This resulted in a $6.2 million increase in occupancy related costs and a $5.3 million decrease in depreciation and amortization expense in SG&A for the third quarter of 2019. For the nine months ended September 30, 2019, operating lease expenses in SG&A are consistent with the new accounting standard on leases and comparable with the prior year.
Other Operating Expenses (Income)
 
 
Three months ended September 30,
 
Nine months ended September 30,
(in thousands)
 
2019
 
2018
 
% Increase (decrease)
 
2019
 
2018
 
% Increase (decrease)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Gain on sale of businesses
 
$
(17,558
)
 
$
(13,688
)
 
28

 
$
(17,558
)
 
$
(13,688
)
 
28

Restructuring charges
 
2,761

 
3,436

 
(20
)
 
9,080

 
3,436

 
164

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Other operating income, net
 
$
(14,797
)
 
$
(10,252
)
 
44

 
$
(8,478
)
 
$
(10,252
)
 
(17
)
On March 28, 2019, Altisource entered into a definitive agreement to sell the Financial Services Business to TSI for $44.0 million consisting of an up-front payment of $40.0 million, subject to a working capital adjustment and transaction costs upon closing of the sale, and an additional $4.0 million payment on the one year anniversary of the sale closing. The sale closed on July 1, 2019 and in connection with this sale, we recognized a $17.6 million pretax gain on sale for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and the third quarter of 2019.
In August 2018, we sold our rental property management business to RESI for total transaction proceeds of $18.0 million, $15.0 million of which was received on the closing date of August 8, 2018 and $3.0 million of which will be received on the earlier of a RESI change of control or August 8, 2023. In connection with the sale, we recognized a $13.7 million pretax gain on sale for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and the third quarter of 2018 in connection with this transaction.
In August 2018, Altisource initiated Project Catalyst, a project intended to optimize our operations and reduce costs to better align its cost structure with its anticipated revenues and improve our operating margins. During the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, Altisource incurred $9.1 million and $3.4 million, respectively, of severance costs, professional services fees and technology costs related to the reorganization plan ($2.8 million and $3.4 million for the third quarter of 2019 and 2018, respectively). We expect to incur additional severance costs, professional services fees, technology costs and facility consolidation costs in connection with this internal reorganization, automation and other technology related activities and will expense those costs as incurred. Based on our analysis, we currently anticipate the future costs relating to Project Catalyst to be in the range of approximately $12 million to $15 million.
Income from Operations
Income from operations decreased to $24.5 million, representing 5% of service revenue, for the nine months ended September 30, 2019, compared to $40.5 million, representing 7% of service revenue, for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 (decreased to $18.2 million, representing 14% of service revenue, for the third quarter of 2019 compared to $20.9 million, representing 11% of service revenue, for the third quarter of 2018). Income from operations as a percentage of service revenue for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 decreased primarily as a result of lower gross margins and higher restructuring costs, partially offset by lower SG&A expenses and a higher gain on the sale of businesses during the nine months ended September 30, 2019, as discussed above. Income from operations as a percentage of service revenue for the third quarter of 2019 increased primarily as a result of lower SG&A and a higher gain on the sale of businesses, partially offset by lower gross margins, as discussed above.
Other Income (Expense), net
Other income (expense), net principally includes interest expense, unrealized (loss) gain on our investment in RESI common shares and other non-operating gains and losses.

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Other income (expense), net was $(3.6) million for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 compared to $(26.2) million for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 ($(5.2) million for the third quarter of 2019 and $(4.8) million for the third quarter of 2018). The decrease in other expense for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 was primarily driven by an $11.7 million unrealized gain on our investment in RESI common shares compared to a $(4.2) million unrealized loss in 2018. In addition, on April 3, 2018, Altisource and its wholly-owned subsidiary, Altisource S.à r.l. entered into the Credit Agreement, pursuant to which, among other things, Altisource borrowed $412.0 million in the form of Term B Loans. Proceeds from the Term B Loans were used to repay the Company’s prior senior secured term loan. In connection with the refinancing, we recognized a loss of $(4.4) million from the write-off of unamortized debt issuance costs and debt discount for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018. In addition, interest expense was lower for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 primarily due to lower average outstanding balances of the senior secured terms loan as a result of repayments. The increase in other expense for the third quarter of 2019 was primarily driven by a $2.3 million unrealized loss on our investment in RESI common shares compared to a $1.8 million unrealized gain in 2018, largely offset by lower interest expense in 2019. Interest expense was lower in the third quarter of 2019 primarily due to lower average outstanding balances of the senior secured terms loan as a result of repayments. In addition, during the third quarter of 2019, the Company reclassified certain operating lease items recorded in the first half of 2019. This resulted in a $1.5 million decrease in interest expense for the third quarter of 2019. For the nine months ended September 30, 2019, interest expense is consistent with the new accounting standard.
Income Tax Provision
We recognized an income tax provision of $20.7 million and $6.1 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively ($5.4 million and $6.6 million for the third quarter of 2019 and 2018, respectively). The effective income tax rate increased to 98.9% for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 from 42.6% for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 (increased slightly to 41.5% for the third quarter of 2019 from 41.0% for the third quarter of 2018). The increase in the income tax provision for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 was driven by a $12.3 million reduction in Luxembourg deferred tax assets in connection with a decrease in the Luxembourg statutory income tax rate from 26.0% to 24.9% in the second quarter of 2019. The increase in the income tax provision for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and the third quarter of 2019 was also due to a higher effective tax rate on the sale of the Financial Services Business, as discussed above, as a result of the jurisdictional mix of the net pretax gain on the sale of this business. A component of the net gain represented a capital loss that did not result in a valuation allowance applied to the tax benefit. Excluding these items, the effective tax rate would have been 6.5% for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 40.0% for the third quarter of 2019.
LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES
Liquidity
Our primary source of liquidity is cash flow from operations and cash on hand. We seek to deploy cash generated in a disciplined manner. Principally, we intend to use cash to develop and grow complementary services and businesses that we believe will generate attractive margins in line with our core capabilities and strategy. We use cash for repayments of our long-term debt, capital investments and seek to use cash from time to time to repurchase shares of our common stock. In addition, we consider and evaluate business acquisitions, dispositions, closures or other similar actions from time to time that are aligned with our strategy.
Credit Agreement
On April 3, 2018, Altisource entered into the Credit Agreement pursuant to which Altisource borrowed $412.0 million in the form of Term B Loans and obtained a $15.0 million revolving credit facility. The Term B Loans mature in April 2024 and the revolving credit facility matures in April 2023.
Proceeds from the Term B Loans were used to repay the Company’s prior senior secured term loan, which had an outstanding balance of $412.1 million as of April 3, 2018. As of September 30, 2019, $294.0 million of the Term B Loans were outstanding. There were no borrowings outstanding under the revolving credit facility as of September 30, 2019.
There are no mandatory repayments of the Term B Loans due until March 2023, when $1.5 million is due to be repaid. Thereafter, the Term B Loans must be repaid in consecutive quarterly principal installments of $3.1 million, with the balance due at maturity. All amounts outstanding under the Term B Loans will become due on the earlier of (i) April 3, 2024, and (ii) the date on which the loans are declared to be due and owing by the administrative agent at the request (or with the consent) of the Required Lenders (as defined in the Credit Agreement; other capitalized terms, unless defined herein, are defined in the Credit Agreement) or as otherwise provided in the Credit Agreement upon the occurrence of any event of default.
In addition to the scheduled principal payments, subject to certain exceptions, the Term B Loans are subject to mandatory prepayment upon issuances of debt, certain casualty and condemnation events and sales of assets, as well as from a percentage of Consolidated Excess Cash Flow if our leverage ratio is greater than 3.00 to 1.00, as calculated in accordance with the provisions of the Credit

36
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Agreement (the percentage increases if our leverage ratio exceeds 3.50 to 1.00). Certain mandatory prepayments reduce future contractual amortization payments by an amount equal to the mandatory prepayment.
The interest rate on the Term B Loans as of September 30, 2019 was 6.1%.
Altisource may incur incremental indebtedness under the Credit Agreement from one or more incremental lenders, which may include existing lenders, in an aggregate incremental principal amount not to exceed $125.0 million, subject to certain conditions set forth in the Credit Agreement, including a sublimit of $80.0 million with respect to incremental revolving credit commitments. The lenders have no obligation to provide any incremental indebtedness.
The Credit Agreement includes covenants that restrict or limit, among other things, our ability, subject to certain exceptions and baskets, to incur additional debt, pay dividends and repurchase shares of our common stock. In the event we require additional liquidity, our ability to obtain it may be limited by the Credit Agreement.
Cash Flows
The following table presents our cash flows for the nine months ended September 30:
(in thousands)
 
2019
 
2018
 
% Increase (decrease)
 
 
 
 


 
 
Net income adjusted for non-cash items
 
$
35,116

 
$
59,012

 
(40
)
Changes in operating assets and liabilities
 
(12,922
)
 
(15,362
)
 
16

Net cash provided by operating activities
 
22,194

 
43,650

 
(49
)
Net cash provided by investing activities
 
45,729

 
10,793

 
324

Net cash used in financing activities
 
(61,344
)
 
(54,698
)
 
(12
)
Net increase (decrease) in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash
 
6,579

 
(255
)
 
N/M

Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at the beginning of the period
 
64,046

 
108,843

 
(41
)
 
 
 
 


 
 
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at the end of the period
 
$
70,625

 
$
108,588

 
(35
)
N/M — not meaningful.
Cash Flows from Operating Activities
Cash flows from operating activities generally consist of the cash effects of transactions and events that enter into the determination of net income. For the nine months ended September 30, 2019, cash flows provided by operating activities were $22.2 million, or approximately $0.05 for every dollar of service revenue (cash used for operating activities of $0.08 for every dollar of service revenue for the third quarter of 2019), compared to cash flows provided by operating activities of $43.7 million, or approximately $0.07 for every dollar of service revenue, for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 ($0.15 for every dollar of service revenue for the third quarter of 2018). During the nine months ended September 30, 2019, the decrease in cash provided by operating activities was driven by a decline in net income, adjusted for non-cash items of $23.9 million. The decrease in net income, adjusted for non-cash items, was partially driven by lower gross profit during the nine months ended September 30, 2019 from lower service revenue and the Project Catalyst restructuring charges, partially offset by lower SG&A costs and decreases in expenses as a result of the Project Catalyst cost reduction initiatives. The decrease in cash provided by operating activities was partially offset by lower cash used for operations for changes in operating assets and liabilities of $2.4 million. The changes in operating assets and liabilities was driven by the decrease in short-term investments in real estate of $39.9 million related to the sale of the remaining BRS Inventory, largely offset by an increase of $31.6 million in accounts receivable during the nine months ended September 30, 2019, driven by the timing of collections. During the second and third quarters of 2019, accounts receivable increased in part as a result of delays in receiving payments from Ocwen in connection with Ocwen’s transition to another mortgage servicing software platform. Operating cash flows can be negatively impacted because of the nature of some of our services and the mix of services provided. Certain services are performed immediately following or shortly after the referral, but the collection of the receivable does not occur until a specific event occurs (e.g., the foreclosure is complete, the REO asset is sold, etc.). Furthermore, lower margin services generate lower income and cash flows from operations. Consequently, our cash flows from operations may be negatively impacted when comparing one period to another.
Cash Flows from Investing Activities
Cash flows from investing activities for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018 primarily consisted of proceeds from the sale of businesses and proceeds from the sale of equity securities. Cash flows provided by investing activities were $45.7 million and $10.8 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively. The change in cash provided by

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investing activities was primarily driven by $38.0 million in proceeds received from the sale of the Financial Services Business during 2019. During 2018, the Company sold the rental property management business to RESI for cash proceeds of $15.0 million. In addition, during the nine months ended September 30, 2019, the Company sold 0.7 million shares of RESI stock for net proceeds of $7.8 million. Cash used for investing activities included additions to premises and equipment of $(1.2) million and $(4.2) million for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively, primarily related to investments in the development of certain software applications, IT infrastructure and facility improvements.
Cash Flows from Financing Activities
Cash flows from financing activities for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018 included activities associated with long-term debt issuances, debt repayments, debt issuance costs, proceeds from stock option exercises, the purchase of treasury shares, distributions to non-controlling interests and payments of tax withholdings on issuance of restricted share units and restricted shares. Cash flows used in financing activities were $(61.3) million and $(54.7) million for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively. During the nine months ended September 30, 2019, we used $(44.8) million for repayments of long-term debt, largely from proceeds from the sale of the Financial Services Business and RESI common shares, and during the nine months ended September 30, 2018, we used net cash of $(34.0) million from proceeds from the sale of the rental property management business and cash on hand, to refinance and reduce our debt (including scheduled debt repayments). In addition, we received proceeds from stock option exercises of $0.4 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 compared to $3.6 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2018. Also, during the nine months ended September 30, 2019, we used $(13.4) million to repurchase shares of our common stock compared to $(21.8) million for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and distributed $(2.0) million and $(1.9) million to non-controlling interests for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively. During the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, we made payments of $(1.5) million and $(0.6) million to satisfy employee tax withholding obligations on the issuance of restricted share units and restricted shares, respectively. These payments were made to tax authorities, at the employees’ direction, to satisfy the employees’ tax obligations rather than issuing a portion of vested restricted share units and restricted shares to employees.
Liquidity Requirements after September 30, 2019
Our significant future liquidity obligations primarily pertain to long-term debt repayments and interest expense under the Credit Agreement (see Liquidity section above), lease payments and distributions to Lenders One members. During the next 12 months, we expect to pay $19.4 million of interest expense (assuming no further principal repayments and the September 30, 2019 interest rate) under the Credit Agreement and make lease payments of $12.7 million.
We believe that our existing cash and cash equivalents balances, our anticipated cash flows from operations and availability under our revolving credit facility will be sufficient to meet our liquidity needs, including to fund required interest payments and additions to premises and equipment, for the next 12 months.
Contractual Obligations, Commitments and Contingencies
For the nine months ended September 30, 2019, there were no significant changes to our contractual obligations from those identified in our Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2018 and this Form 10-Q, other than those that occur in the normal course of business. See Note 24 to the condensed consolidated financial statements.
CRITICAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES, ESTIMATES AND RECENT ACCOUNTING PRONOUNCEMENT
We prepare our interim condensed consolidated financial statements in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. In applying many of these accounting principles, we need to make assumptions, estimates and judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenue and expenses in our condensed consolidated financial statements. We base our estimates and judgments on historical experience and other assumptions that we believe are reasonable under the circumstances. These assumptions, estimates and judgments, however, are often subjective. Actual results may be negatively affected based on changing circumstances. If actual amounts are ultimately different from our estimates, the revisions are included in our results of operations for the period in which the actual amounts become known.
Our critical accounting policies are described in the MD&A section of our Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018 filed with the SEC on February 26, 2019. There have been no material changes to our critical accounting policies during the nine months ended September 30, 2019.

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Recently Adopted and Future Adoption of New Accounting Pronouncements
See Note 1 to the condensed consolidated financial statements for a discussion of recently issued accounting pronouncements, including pronouncements that were adopted in the current period.

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Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk
Market Risk
Our financial market risk consists primarily of interest rate and foreign currency exchange rate risk.
Interest Rate Risk
As of September 30, 2019, the interest rate charged on the Term B Loan was 6.1%. The interest rate is calculated based on the Adjusted Eurodollar Rate (as defined in the senior secured term loan agreement) with a minimum floor of 1.00% plus 4.00%.
Based on the principal amount outstanding and the Adjusted Eurodollar Rate as of September 30, 2019, a one percentage point increase in the Eurodollar rate would increase our annual interest expense by approximately $2.9 million. There would be a $2.9 million decrease in our annual interest expense if there was a one percentage point decrease in the Eurodollar Rate.
Currency Exchange Risk
We are exposed to currency risk from potential changes in currency values of our non-United States dollar denominated expenses, assets, liabilities and cash flows. Our most significant currency exposure relates to the Indian rupee. Based on expenses incurred in Indian rupees during the nine months ended September 30, 2019, a one percentage point increase or decrease in value of the Indian rupee in relation to the United States dollar would increase or decrease our annual expenses by approximately $0.5 million.
Item 4. Controls and Procedures
a)
Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures
Our disclosure controls and procedures are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by us in the reports that we file or submit under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms. Disclosure controls and procedures include, without limitation, controls and procedures designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by us in reports we file or submit under the Exchange Act is accumulated and communicated to our management, including the Chairman and Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.
As of September 30, 2019, an evaluation was conducted under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our Chairman and Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, of the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rule 13a-15(e) and Rule 15d-15(e) of the Exchange Act). Based on this evaluation, such officers have concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of September 30, 2019.
b)
Internal Control over Financial Reporting
There were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting (as defined in the Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) that occurred during the quarter ended September 30, 2019, that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.


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PART II — OTHER INFORMATION
Item 1. Legal Proceedings
We record a liability for contingencies if an unfavorable outcome is probable and the amount of loss can be reasonably estimated, including expected insurance coverage. For proceedings where the reasonable estimate of loss is a range, we record a best estimate of loss within the range.
Litigation
We are currently involved in legal actions in the course of our business, some of which seek monetary damages. We do not believe that the outcome of these proceedings, both individually and in the aggregate, will have a material impact on our financial condition, results of operations or cash flows.
Regulatory Matters
Periodically, we are subject to audits, examinations and investigations by federal, state and local governmental authorities and receive subpoenas, civil investigative demands or other requests for information from such governmental authorities in connection with their regulatory or investigative authority. We are currently responding to such inquiries from governmental authorities relating to certain aspects of our business. We believe it is premature to predict the potential outcome or to estimate any potential financial impact in connection with these inquiries.
Item 1A. Risk Factors
As of the date of this filing, there have been no material changes in our risk factors from those disclosed in Part I, Item 1A, of our Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018 filed with the SEC on February 26, 2019.

Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds
The following table presents information related to our repurchases of our equity securities during the three months ended September 30, 2019:
Period
 
Total number of shares purchased (1)
 
Weighted average price paid per share
 
Total number of shares purchased as part of publicly announced plans or programs(2)
 
Maximum number of shares that may yet be purchased under the plans or programs(2)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Common stock:
 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 
July 1 - 31, 2019
 
138,957

 
$
21.03

 
138,957

 
2,923,955

August 1 - 31, 2019
 
162,424

 
19.54

 
162,424

 
2,761,531

September 1 - 30, 2019
 
28,966

 
20.39

 
28,966

 
2,732,565

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
330,347

 
$
20.24

 
330,347

 
2,732,565

                                                             
(1) 
In addition to the repurchases included in the table above, 9,167 common shares were withheld from employees to satisfy tax withholding obligations that arose from the vesting of restricted shares and restricted share units.
(2) 
On May 15, 2018, our shareholders approved the renewal and replacement of the share repurchase program previously approved by the shareholders on May 17, 2017. Under the program, we are authorized to purchase up to 4.3 million shares of our common stock in the open market, subject to certain parameters, for a period of five years from the date of approval.

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Item 6. Exhibits
Exhibit Number
 
Exhibit Description
 
 
 
10.1 * †
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
31.2 *
 
 
 
 
32.1 *
 
 
 
 
101 *
 
Pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T, the following financial information from the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the period ended September 30, 2019 is formatted in XBRL interactive data files: (i) Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets as of September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018; (ii) Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income (Loss) for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018; (iii) Condensed Consolidated Statements of Equity for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018; (iv) Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018; and (v) Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
 
 
 
______________________________________
*
 
Filed herewith.
†
 
Denotes a management contract or compensatory arrangement.

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SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.


 
 
 
ALTISOURCE PORTFOLIO SOLUTIONS S.A.
 
 
 
(Registrant)
 
 
 
 
 
Date:
October 24, 2019
 
By:
/s/ Michelle D. Esterman
 
 
 
 
Michelle D. Esterman
 
 
 
 
Chief Financial Officer
 
 
 
 
(On behalf of the Registrant and as its Principal Financial Officer and Principal Accounting Officer)






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