AMERICAN NOBLE GAS, INC. - Quarter Report: 2019 September (Form 10-Q)

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

For the quarterly period ended September 30, 2019.

For the transition period from __________ to __________.

Commission File Number: 0-17204

INFINITY ENERGY RESOURCES, INC.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

11900 College Blvd, Suite 310, Overland Park, KS 66210

(Address of principal executive offices) (Zip Code)

(913) 948-9512

(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes [X] No [  ]

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files). Yes [X] No [  ]

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the Registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. [  ]

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes [  ] No [X]

Indicate the number of shares outstanding of each of the issuer’s classes of capital, as of the latest practicable date:

TABLE OF CONTENTS

PART I - FINANCIAL INFORMATION

INFINITY ENERGY RESOURCES, INC.

Condensed Balance Sheets

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited condensed financial statements.

INFINITY ENERGY RESOURCES, INC.

Statements of Operations
(Unaudited)

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited condensed financial statements.

INFINITY ENERGY RESOURCES, INC.

Condensed Statements of Stockholders’ Deficit

(unaudited)

See accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited condensed financial statements.

INFINITY ENERGY RESOURCES, INC.

Condensed Statements of Cash Flows

(unaudited)

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited condensed financial statements.

INFINITY ENERGY RESOURCES, INC.

Notes to Condensed Financial Statements

September 30, 2019

(unaudited)

Note 1 – Nature of Operations, Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Unaudited Interim Financial Information

Infinity Energy Resources, Inc. (collectively, “we,” “ours,” “us,” “Infinity” or the “Company”) has prepared the accompanying condensed financial statements pursuant to the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) for interim financial reporting. These financial statements are unaudited and, in our opinion, include all adjustments consisting of normal recurring adjustments and accruals necessary for a fair presentation of our condensed balance sheets, statements of operations, and cash flows for the periods presented. Operating results for the periods presented are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for 2019 due to various factors. Certain information and footnote disclosures normally included in financial statements prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (“GAAP”) have been omitted in accordance with the rules and regulations of the SEC. These condensed financial statements should be read in conjunction with the audited financial statements and accompanying notes in Item 8, “Financial Statements and Supplementary Data,” of our Annual Report on Form 10-K, filed with the SEC.

Nature of Operations

Since 2009 we had planned to pursue the exploration of potential oil and gas resources in the United States and in the Perlas and Tyra concession blocks offshore Nicaragua in the Caribbean Sea (the “Nicaraguan Concessions” or “Concessions”), which contain a total of approximately 1.4 million acres. We sold our wholly-owned subsidiary Infinity Oil and Gas of Texas, Inc. in 2012 and its wholly-owned subsidiary, Infinity Oil and Gas of Wyoming, Inc., was administratively dissolved in 2009.

We also began assessing various opportunities and strategic alternatives involving the acquisition, exploration and development of natural gas and oil properties in the United States, including the possibility of acquiring businesses or assets that provide support services for the production of oil and gas in the United States. As a result, on July 31, 2019 we acquired an option (the “Option”) from Core Energy, LLC, a closely held company (“Core”), to purchase the production and mineral rights/leasehold for oil & gas properties, subject to overriding royalties to third parties, in the Central Kansas Uplift geological formation covering over 11,000 contiguous acres (the “Properties”). We paid a nonrefundable deposit of $50,000 to bind the purchase option, which gives us the right to acquire the Properties for $2.5 million prior to December 31, 2019.

The purchase will include the existing production equipment, infrastructure and ownership of 11 square miles of existing 3-D seismic data on the acreage. The Properties include a horizontal producing well, horizontal saltwater injection well, conventional saltwater disposal well and two conventional vertical producing wells, which currently produce from the Reagan Sand zone with an approximate depth of 3,600 feet.

We intend to complete the acquisition of the Properties prior to the end of this year, subject to obtaining adequate financing. The Option includes a provision permitting Core to exercise a buy-out clause and sell the Properties to a third-party purchaser prior to our exercise of the Option. If such a sale occurs, we would be entitled to 10% of the proceeds of the sale on the closing date. In such event, Core will for a period of nine months following the buy-out find a project of like kind and provide us a first right of refusal to acquire such asset.

We must obtain new sources of debt and/or equity capital to fund the substantial needs enumerated above, as well as satisfying our existing debt obligations. We are attempting to obtain extensions of the maturity date for our outstanding debt; however, there can be no assurance that we will be able to do so or what the final terms will be if the lenders agree to such extensions. Further, we can provide no assurance that we will be able to obtain sufficient new debt/equity capital to exercise the Option.

Nicaragua

We began pursuing an oil and gas exploration opportunity offshore Nicaragua in the Caribbean Sea in 1999. Since such time, we built relationships with the Instituto Nicaraguense de Energia (“INE”) and undertook the geological and geophysical research that helped us to become one of only six companies qualified to bid on offshore blocks in the first international bidding round held by INE in January 2003.

On March 5, 2009, we signed the contracts granting us the Perlas and Tyra concession blocks offshore Nicaragua (the “Nicaraguan Concessions” or “Concessions”). Since our acquisition of the Nicaraguan Concessions, we have conducted an environmental study and developed geological information from the reprocessing and additional evaluation of existing 2-D seismic data acquired over our Perlas and Tyra concession blocks. In April 2013, the Nicaraguan government formally approved our Environmental Impact Assessment, at which time we commenced significant activity under the initial work plan involving the acquisition of new seismic data on the two Nicaraguan Concessions. We undertook seismic shoots during late 2013 that resulted in the acquisition of new 2-D and 3-D seismic data and have reviewed it to select initial drilling sites for exploratory wells.

We relied on raising debt and equity capital to fund our ongoing maintenance/expenditure obligations under the Nicaraguan Concession, our day-to-day operations and corporate overhead because we have generated no operating revenues or cash flows in recent years. The $1.0 million December 2013 Note (See Note 3) matured in April 2016 and is currently in default and three other notes payable with principal balances of $148,625 as of September 30, 2019 are now either due on demand or currently in default. We had been seeking resolutions to these defaults, including extensions of the maturity date for these notes payable; however, there can be no assurance that we will be able to obtain such extensions or what the final terms will be if the lenders agree to such extensions.

The Company is in default of various provisions of the 30-year Concession for both Perlas and Tyra blocks as of September 30, 2019, including (1) the drilling of at least one exploratory well on the Perlas Block; (2) the shooting of additional seismic on the Tyra Block; (3) the provision of the Ministry of Energy with the required letters of credit in the amounts totaling $1,356,227 for the Perlas block and $278,450 for the Tyra block for exploration requirements on the leases; (4) payment of the 2016, 2017, 2018 and 2019 area fees required for both the Perlas and Tyra, which total approximately $222,269; and (5) payment of the 2016, 2017, 2018 and 2019 training fees required for both the Perlas and Tyra totaling approximately $400,000. The Company had been seeking a resolution of these defaults including the ability to extend, renew and/or renegotiate the terms of the Nicaraguan Concessions with the Nicaraguan government to cure the defaults; however, the political climate and domestic issues have caused the Company to halt such efforts at this point pending additional information and evaluation of the situation. If the Company decides to continue its efforts regarding the Concessions, there can be no assurance whether it will be able to extend, renew and/or renegotiate the Nicaraguan Concessions and whether any new terms will be favorable to the Company. In the event of such extension, renewal or renegotiation, it would have to raise substantial amounts of debt and equity capital from other sources in order to fund these requirements. These are substantial operational and financial issues that must be successfully addressed or the Company’s ability to satisfy the conditions necessary to maintain and/or renegotiate its Nicaragua Concessions will be in significant doubt.

The Company must raise substantial amounts of debt and equity capital from other sources in the immediate future in order to fund the (i) acquisition of the Properties under the Option; (ii) normal day-to-day operations and corporate overhead; and (iii) outstanding debt and other financial obligations as they become due, as described below. These are substantial operational and financial issues that must be successfully addressed during 2019.

The Company is seeking new sources of debt and equity capital to fund the needs enumerated above. The Company is attempting to obtain extensions of the maturity dates for its debt or compromises of the debt. In addition, the Company will seek offers from industry operators and other third parties for interests in the Properties in exchange for cash and a carried interest in exploration and development operations or other joint venture arrangement. The Company has restructured certain obligations that were in default during 2019; however, there can be no assurance that it will be able to obtain such funding, extensions or additional restructurings or on what terms.

Going Concern

Due to the uncertainties related to the foregoing matters, there exists substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern within one year after the date the financials are issued. The financial statements do not include any adjustments relating to the recoverability and classification of asset carrying amounts or the amount and classification of liabilities that might result should the Company be unable to continue as a going concern.

Management Estimates

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements, and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Significant estimates with regard to the financial statements include the estimated carrying value of unproved properties, the estimated fair value of derivative liabilities, secured convertible note payable, stock-based awards and overriding royalty interests, and the realization of deferred tax assets.

Recently issued accounting pronouncements

In June 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-07, “Compensation-Stock Compensation (Topic 718): Improvements to Nonemployee Share-Based Payment Accounting,” which modifies the accounting for share-based payment awards issued to nonemployees to largely align it with the accounting for share-based payment awards issued to employees. ASU 2018-07 is effective for us for annual periods beginning January 1, 2019. The adoption of the standard had no impact on our financial position or results of operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018.

In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-02, “Leases” (“ASC 842”). The guidance requires lessees to recognize almost all leases on their balance sheet as a right-of-use asset and a lease liability. For income statement purposes, the FASB retained a dual model, requiring leases to be classified as either operating or finance. Lessor accounting is similar to the current model but updated to align with certain changes to the lessee model and the new revenue recognition standard. Existing sale-leaseback guidance, including guidance for real estate, is replaced with a new model applicable to both lessees and lessors. ASC 842 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018. The adoption of the standard had no impact on our financial position or results of operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018.

The Company has evaluated all other recent accounting pronouncements and believes that none of them will have a material effect on the Company’s financial position, results of operations or cash flows.

Concentrations

The Company’s business plan had consisted of developing the Nicaraguan Concessions in addition to potential domestic oil and gas projects and it may become active in Nicaragua in the future, given sufficient capital and curing the defaults under the Nicaraguan Concessions and its other financial obligations. The political climate in Nicaragua is unstable and is subject to radical change over a short period of time. Unless there is a significant positive change in political and economic stability in Nicaragua and the Company is able to extend, renegotiate or renew the Nicaraguan Concessions, the Company may not pursue development of the Concessions. In the alternative it had acquired the Option to purchase the Properties.

Foreign Currency

The United States dollar is the functional currency for the Company’s operations. Although the Company’s acquisition and exploration activities have been conducted in Nicaragua, a significant portion of the payments incurred for exploration activities are denominated in United States dollars. The Company expects that a significant portion of its required and discretionary expenditures in the foreseeable future will also be denominated in United States dollars. Any foreign currency gains and losses are included in the results of operations in the period in which they occur. The Company does not have any cash accounts denominated in foreign currencies.

Cash and Cash Equivalents

For purposes of reporting cash flows, cash consists of cash on hand and demand deposits with financial institutions. Although the Company had minimal cash as of September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, its policy is that all highly liquid investments with a maturity of three months or less when purchased would be cash equivalents and would be included along with cash as cash and equivalents.

Oil and Gas Properties

The Company will follow the full cost method of accounting for exploration and development activities. Accordingly, all costs incurred in the acquisition, exploration, and development of properties (including costs of surrendered and abandoned leaseholds, delay lease rentals, dry holes and seismic costs) and the fair value of estimated future costs of site restoration, dismantlement, and abandonment activities will be capitalized. Overhead related to development activities will also be capitalized during the acquisition phase.

Depletion of proved oil and gas properties will be computed on the units-of-production method, with oil and gas being converted to a common unit of measure based on relative energy content, whereby capitalized costs, as adjusted for estimated future development costs and estimated asset retirement costs, are amortized over the total estimated proved reserve quantities. Investments in unproved properties, including capitalized interest and internal costs, are not depleted pending determination of the existence of proved reserves.

Unproved properties are assessed periodically (at least annually) to ascertain whether impairment has occurred. Unproved properties whose costs are individually significant will be assessed individually by considering the primary lease terms of the properties, the holding period of the properties, geographic and geologic data obtained relating to the properties, and estimated discounted future net cash flows from the properties. Estimated discounted future net cash flows are based on discounted future net revenues associated with probable and possible reserves, risk adjusted as appropriate. Where it is not practicable to assess individually the amount of impairment of properties for which costs are not individually significant, such properties are grouped for purposes of assessing impairment. The amount of impairment assessed is deducted from the costs to be amortized and reported as a period expense when the impairment is recognized. All unproved property costs as of September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018 relate to the Nicaraguan Concessions. In assessing the unproved property costs for impairment, the Company takes into consideration various information including: (i) the terms of the Concessions, (ii) the status of the Company’s compliance with the Nicaraguan Concessions’ requirements, (iii) the ongoing evaluation of the seismic data, (iv) the commodity prices for oil and gas products, (v) the overall environment related to oil and gas exploration and development projects for unproven targets in unproven regions of the world, (vi) the availability of financing for financial and strategic partners, and (vii) other factors that would impact the viability of a significant long-term oil and gas exploration and development project.

The current environment for oil and gas development projects, especially discoveries in otherwise undeveloped regions of the world, is very challenging given the depressed commodity prices for oil and gas products and the resulting industry-wide reduction in capital expenditure budgets for exploration and development projects. These are substantial impediments for the Company to obtain adequate financing to fund the exploration and development of its Nicaraguan Concessions. The Company has performed its impairment tests as of September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018 and has concluded that a full impairment reserve should be provided on the costs capitalized for the Nicaraguan Concessions oil and gas properties. All costs related to the Nicaraguan Concessions from January 1, 2016 through September 30, 2019 have been charged to operating expenses as incurred.

Pursuant to full cost accounting rules, the Company must perform a “ceiling test” each quarter. The ceiling test provides that capitalized costs less related accumulated depletion and deferred income taxes for each cost center may not exceed the sum of (1) the present value of future net revenue from estimated production of proved oil and gas reserves using prices based on the arithmetic mean of the previous 12 months’ first-of month prices and current costs, including the effects of derivative instruments accounted for as cash flow hedges, but excluding the future cash outflows associated with settling asset retirement obligations that have been accrued on the condensed balance sheet, and a discount factor of 10%; plus (2) the cost of properties not being amortized, if any; plus (3) the lower of cost or estimated fair value of unproved properties included in the costs being amortized, if any; less (4) income tax effects related to differences in the book and tax basis of oil and gas properties. If capitalized costs exceed the ceiling, the excess must be charged to expense and may not be reversed in future periods. As of September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, the Company did not have any proved oil and gas properties, and all unproved property costs relate to its Nicaraguan Concessions.

Proceeds from the sales of oil and gas properties are accounted for as adjustments to capitalized costs with no gain or loss recognized, unless such adjustments would significantly alter the relationship between capitalized costs and proved reserves of oil and gas, in which case the gain or loss would be recognized in the determination of the Company’s net earnings/loss.

Asset Retirement Obligations

The Company records estimated future asset retirement obligations pursuant to the provisions of ASC 410. ASC 410 requires entities to record the fair value of a liability for an asset retirement obligation in the period in which it is incurred with a corresponding increase in the carrying amount of the related long-lived asset. Subsequent to initial measurement, the asset retirement liability is required to be accreted each period. The Company’s asset retirement obligations consist of costs related to the plugging of wells, the removal of facilities and equipment, and site restoration on oil and gas properties. Capitalized costs are depleted as a component of the full cost pool using the units of production method. Although the Company had divested all of its domestic oil properties that contain operating and abandoned wells as of December 31, 2012, the Company may have obligations related to the divestiture of certain abandoned non-producing domestic leasehold properties should the new owner not perform its obligations to reclaim abandoned wells in a timely manner. Management believes the Company has been relieved from asset retirement obligation related to Infinity-Texas because of the sale of its Texas oil and gas properties in 2011 and its sale of 100% of the stock in Infinity-Texas in 2012. The Company has recognized an additional liability of $734,897 related to its former Texas oil and gas producing properties (included in asset retirement obligations) to recognize the potential personal liability of the Company and its officers for the Infinity-Texas oil and gas properties should the new owner not perform its obligations to reclaim abandoned wells in a timely manner. In addition, management believes the Company has been relieved from asset retirement obligations related to Infinity-Wyoming because of the sale of its Wyoming and Colorado oil and gas properties in 2008; however, the Company has recognized since 2012 an additional liability of $981,106 related to its former Wyoming and Colorado oil and gas producing properties (included in asset retirement obligations) to recognize the potential liability of the Company and its officers should the new owner not perform its obligations to reclaim abandoned wells in a timely manner.

Derivative Instruments

The Company accounts for derivative instruments or hedging activities under the provisions of ASC 815 Derivatives and Hedging. ASC 815 requires the Company to record derivative instruments at their fair value. If the derivative is designated as a fair value hedge, the changes in the fair value of the derivative and of the hedged item attributable to the hedged risk are recognized in earnings. If the derivative is designated as a cash flow hedge, the effective portions of changes in the fair value of the derivative are recorded in other comprehensive income (loss) and are recognized in the condensed statement of operations when the hedged item affects earnings. Ineffective portions of changes in the fair value of cash flow hedges, if any, are recognized in earnings. Changes in the fair value of derivatives that do not qualify for hedge treatment are recognized in earnings.

The purpose of hedging is to provide a measure of stability to the Company’s cash flows in an environment of volatile oil and gas prices and to manage the exposure to commodity price risk. As of September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018 and during the periods then ended, the Company had no oil and natural gas derivative arrangements outstanding.

As a result of certain terms, conditions and features included in certain common stock purchase warrants issued by the Company (Notes 2, 3, 5 and 6), those warrants are required to be accounted for as derivatives at estimated fair value, with changes in fair value recognized in operations.

Fair Value of Financial Instruments

The carrying values of the Company’s accounts payable, accrued liabilities and short-term notes represent the estimated fair value due to the short-term nature of the accounts.

In accordance with ASC Topic 820 — Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures (“ASC 820”), the Company utilizes the market approach to measure fair value for its financial assets and liabilities. The market approach uses prices and other relevant information generated by market transactions involving identical or comparable assets, liabilities or a group of assets or liabilities, such as a business.

ASC 820 utilizes a fair value hierarchy that prioritizes the inputs to valuation techniques used to measure fair value into three broad levels. The following is a brief description of those three levels:

The estimated fair value of the Company’s Note and various derivative liabilities, which are related to detachable warrants issued in connection with various notes payable, were estimated using a closed-ended option pricing model utilizing assumptions related to the contractual term of the instruments, estimated volatility of the price of the Company’s common stock, interest rates, the probability of both of the downward adjustment of the exercise price and the upward adjustment to the number of warrants as provided by the warrant agreement terms and non-performance risk factors, among other items. The fair values for the warrant derivatives as of September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018 were classified under the fair value hierarchy as Level 3.

The following table represents the Company’s hierarchy for its financial assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018:

There were no changes in valuation techniques or reclassifications of fair value measurements between Levels 1, 2 or 3 during the periods ended September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018.

Income Taxes

The Company uses the asset and liability method of accounting for income taxes. This method requires the recognition of deferred tax liabilities and assets for the expected future tax consequences of temporary differences between financial accounting bases and tax bases of assets and liabilities. The tax benefits of tax loss carryforwards and other deferred taxes are recorded as an asset to the extent that management assesses the utilization of such assets to be more likely than not. Management routinely assesses the realizability of the Company’s deferred income tax assets, and a valuation allowance is recognized if it is determined that deferred income tax assets may not be fully utilized in future periods. Management considers future taxable earnings in making such assessments. Numerous judgments and assumptions are inherent in the determination of future taxable earnings, including such factors as future operating conditions. When the future utilization of some portion of the deferred tax asset is determined not to be more likely than not, a valuation allowance is provided to reduce the recorded deferred tax asset. When the Company can project that a portion of the deferred tax asset can be realized through application of a portion of tax loss carryforward, the Company will record that utilization as a deferred tax benefit and recognize a deferred tax asset in the same amount. There can be no assurance that facts and circumstances will not materially change and require the Company to adjust its deferred income tax asset valuation allowance in a future period. The Company recognized a deferred tax asset, net of valuation allowance, of $-0- at September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018.

The Company is potentially subject to taxation in many jurisdictions, and the calculation of income tax liabilities (if any) involves dealing with uncertainties in the application of complex income tax laws and regulations in various taxing jurisdictions. It recognizes certain income tax positions that meet a more-likely-than not recognition threshold. If the Company ultimately determines that the payment of these liabilities will be unnecessary, it will reverse the liability and recognize an income tax benefit. No liability for unrecognized tax benefit was recorded as of September 30, 2019. During the nine months ended September 30, 2018 the Company determined that the payment of the certain liabilities related to the alternative minimum tax from prior years will be unnecessary, and therefore it reversed the liability and recognized an income tax benefit as described in the following section.

On December 22, 2017, the U.S. enacted the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (the “Act”),which significantly changes U.S. corporate income tax laws by, among other things, reducing the U.S. corporate income tax rate to 21% starting in 2018.

Under the Act, corporations are no longer subject to the AMT, effective for taxable years beginning after December 31, 2017. However, where a corporation has an AMT Credit from a prior taxable year, the corporation still carries it forward and may use a portion of it as a refundable credit in any taxable year beginning after 2017 but before 2022. Generally, 50% of the corporation’s AMT Credit carried forward to one of these years will be claimable and refundable for that year. In tax years beginning in 2021, however, the entire remaining carryforward generally will be refundable. The Company has generated an AMT credit carryforward during prior years totaling $150,000 which previously was reported as income taxes payable on the Company’s condensed balance sheet and the corresponding deferred tax asset was fully reserved based on all available evidence, the Company considered it more likely than not that all of the AMT tax credit carryforward would not be realized. Based on the provisions of the new Act, the Company now considers it more likely than not that all the AMT tax credit carryforward will be realized. Accordingly, the Company has recognized an income benefit of $150,000 during the nine months ended September 30, 2018 as it reduced the corresponding income taxes payable to zero as of September 30, 2018. The Company will receive no cash from the elimination of this AMT tax credit carryforward because the Company had not previously paid the AMT tax but rather it recorded the income tax liability on the accompanying condensed balance sheet.

Net Income (Loss) per Share

Pursuant to FASB ASC Topic 260, Earnings per Share, basic net income (loss) per share is computed by dividing the net income (loss) by the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding during the period. Diluted net income (loss) per share is computed by dividing the net income (loss) attributable to common shareholders by the weighted-average number of common and common equivalent shares outstanding during the period. Common share equivalents included in the diluted computation represent shares issuable upon assumed exercise of stock options and warrants using the treasury stock and “if converted” method. For periods in which net losses are incurred, weighted average shares outstanding is the same for basic and diluted loss per share calculations, as the inclusion of common share equivalents would have an anti-dilutive effect.

Note 2 – Secured Convertible Note Payable

Secured Convertible Note (the “Note) payable consists of the following at September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018:

Following is an analysis of the activity in the Note during the nine months ended September 30, 2019:

On May 7, 2015, the Company completed the May 2015 Private Placement of a $12.0 million principal amount secured convertible note (the “Note”) and Warrant to purchase 1,800,000 shares of the Company’s common stock, $0.0001 par value. The placement agent for the Company in the transaction received a fee of 6% of cash proceeds, or $600,000, if and when the Company receives the full cash proceeds. It received $27,000 of such amount at the closing. In addition, the placement agent was granted a warrant to purchase 240,000 shares of common stock at $5.00 per share, which warrant is immediately exercisable.

The Note and Warrant were issued pursuant to a Securities Purchase Agreement, dated May 7, 2015, by and between the Company and an institutional investor (the “Investor”). The May 2015 Private Placement was made pursuant to an exemption from registration under such Act. At the closing, the Investor acquired the secured convertible note by paying $450,000 in cash and issuing a secured promissory note, secured by cash, with an aggregate initial principal amount of $9,550,000 (the “Investor Note”).

On May 4, 2017, the Investor notified the Company that it elected to affect an Investor Optional Offset under Section 7(a) of the Investor Note of the full $9,490,000 principal amount outstanding under the Investor Note against $9,490,000 in aggregate principal outstanding under the Convertible Note. It did so by surrendering and concurrently cancelling $9,490,000 in aggregate principal of the Convertible Note in exchange for the satisfaction in full and cancellation of the Investor Note. The Convertible Note had an aggregate outstanding principal balance of $11,687,231 as of the date of the exchange. The Investor requested the Company to deliver a new convertible note (the “Replacement Note”) with respect to the remaining principal balance of $2,197,231 to replace the Convertible Note. The aggregate outstanding principal balance of $11,687,231 of the Convertible Note included an approximate $2.0 million original issue discount; however, the Investor funded only $510,000 under the Investor Note. The Company had recorded the fair value of the Replacement Note assuming that the remaining par value was $2,197,231 as asserted by the Investor. The Replacement Note provided for a maturity date of May 7, 2018, a conversion price of $0.50 per share and was due in monthly installment payments through May 2018 either in cash or stock, among other terms. The Company did not repay the Replacement Note at its maturity and it was therefore in technical default. The Replacement Note was to be secured to the same extent as the Convertible Note. The Company and the Investor have negotiated a resolution of these outstanding matters regarding the default status and the issuance of the Replacement Note under the terms of the financing.

On May 23, 2019, the Company and the Investor agreed to an omnibus resolution to these outstanding matters and entered into the Exchange Agreement and Side-Letter Agreement as described below:

Exchange Agreement: Under the Exchange Agreement, the Investor exchanged all of its rights under the original securities issued in the May 2015 Private Placement (the “Original Securities”), including: (i) the Convertible Note, subject to the Optional Offset (as defined in the Investor Note), with a current balance of $2,197,231.00; (ii) the related accrued interest under the Convertible Note, with a balance of $26,107.52; (iii) the Warrant; (iv) the Security and Pledge Agreement entered into by the Company and the Investor in connection with the May 2015 Private Placement; (v) the Guaranty made in favor of the Investor in connection with the May 2015 Private Placement; and (vi) the Registration Rights Agreement entered into by the Company and the Investor in connection with the May 2015 Private Placement, for 770,485 fully paid and nonassessable shares of Common Stock and certain rights (the “Rights”) to acquire additional securities in the future, which may be exercised for additional shares of Common Stock.

As a result of the exchange transactions described above, the Investor no longer owns any of the Original Securities, including any rights thereunder, and the Company cancelled the certificate(s) and other physical documentation evidencing the Investor’s ownership of the Original Securities.

Side-letter Agreement: Concurrent with the Exchange Agreement, the Company and the Investor also entered into a letter agreement, dated May 23, 2019 (the “Side-Letter Agreement”). The Side-Letter Agreement provides that on November 23, 2019, the Company will, if required under the Side-letter Agreement, issue additional shares of Common Stock to the Investor based on an increase in the Number of Fully-Diluted Shares Outstanding (as defined below) of the Company from the execution date of the Exchange Agreement to the six-month anniversary of the Exchange Agreement (the “True-Up Shares”). The issuance of the True-Up Shares, if any, shall provide the Investor with Rights to acquire additional Right Shares (as defined in the Exchange Agreement) to be calculated according to the following formula:

For the purposes of the Side-Letter Agreement, “Number of Fully-Diluted Shares Outstanding” means, as of any time of determination, the sum of (i) the aggregate number of issued and outstanding shares of Common Stock as of such time of determination; (ii) the aggregate maximum number of shares of Common Stock issuable on an as-converted and as-exchanged basis, as applicable (excluding any exercise of warrants to purchase Common Stock), pursuant to all capital stock and all other securities of the Company or any of its subsidiaries (excluding any warrants to purchase Common Stock and all Rights issued pursuant to the Exchange Agreement) outstanding as of such time of determination (or issuable pursuant to agreements in effect as of such time) that are at any time and under any circumstances (after issuance thereof, if applicable), directly or indirectly, convertible into or exchangeable for, or which otherwise entitles the holder thereof to acquire, Common Stock (assuming, for such purpose, that each such security is convertible or exchangeable, as applicable, at the lowest price per share for which one share of Common Stock is at any time, directly or indirectly, issuable upon the conversion or exchange, as applicable, of any such security and without regards to any limitations on conversion or exchange applicable thereto); and (iii) without duplication with clause (ii) above, the aggregate maximum number of shares of Common Stock issuable pursuant to any agreement (excluding any warrants to purchase Common Stock and all Rights issued pursuant to the Exchange Agreement) of any person with the Company or any of its subsidiaries in effect as of such time of determination (assuming, for such purpose, that the shares of Common Stock, directly or indirectly, issued pursuant to such agreement is issued at the lowest price per share for which one share of Common Stock is at any time, directly or indirectly, issuable pursuant to such agreement).

Notwithstanding the foregoing, if any warrants to purchase Common Stock are outstanding (or issuable upon conversion or exchange of securities outstanding) as of such six-month anniversary (each, an “Outstanding Warrant”), on such six-month anniversary, the Company shall issue the Investor an additional Right to acquire a warrant (the “New Warrant”) exercisable for up to 9.99% of the shares of Common Stock issuable upon exercise of all Outstanding Warrants as of such six-month anniversary (the “New Warrant Shares”). The New Warrant Shares shall be of like tenor to the Outstanding Warrants.

Pursuant to the Side-Letter Agreement, the Company also agreed that from the execution date of the Exchange Agreement until twelve (12) months from such date, the Company will not raise capital at a price that is below $0.10 per share of Common Stock (as adjusted for stock splits, stock dividends, stock combinations, recapitalizations and similar events) without the Investor’s consent.

On May 30, 2019, the Company and the Investor entered into Amendment No. 1 to Exchange Agreement (the “Amendment”). Following execution of the Exchange Agreement on May 23, 2019, the Company and the Investor became aware of an inadvertent error regarding the number of shares of Common Stock to be issued to the Investor pursuant to the Exchange Agreement. The Company and the Investor agreed to amend the Exchange Agreement so it reflects the correct number of shares of Common Stock to be issued and to ensure that the Investor does not beneficially own in excess of 9.99% of the shares of Common Stock outstanding immediately following the effective date of the Exchange Agreement. Pursuant to the Amendment, the Company and the Investor agreed that the number of shares of Common Stock to be issued to the Investor would be an aggregate of 605,816 shares, instead of the 770,485 shares stated in the Exchange Agreement.

Description of the Financial Accounting and Reporting

At inception, the Company elected to account for the Note on its fair value basis, therefore, the fair value of the Note, including its embedded conversion feature, were estimated together at each periodic reporting date through May 23, 2019 which was the date the parties entered into the exchange agreement which extinguished the Note and related warrants as previously described. The Note was revalued to its estimated fair value at each periodic reporting date with any changes in the Note’s fair value being charged/credited to the statement of operations.

The Warrant issued to purchase 1,800,000 common shares in connection with the Note was treated as a derivative liability for accounting purposes due to its ratchet and anti-dilution provisions. The estimated fair value of the warrant derivative as of May 23, 2019, the date of the exchange agreement was $116,731 representing a change of $59,639 from December 31, 2018, which is included in changes in derivative fair value in the accompanying condensed statement of operations for the nine months ended September 30, 2019. See Note 5.

The Exchange Agreement was treated an extinguishment of debt on the date it was entered May 23, 2019. Under the Exchange Agreement, the Investor exchanged all of its rights under the original securities issued in the May 2015 Private Placement, including: (i) the Convertible Note, subject to the Optional Offset (as defined in the Investor Note), with a current balance of $2,197,231.00; (ii) the related accrued interest under the Convertible Note, with an unpaid and accrued balance of $26,107.52; (iii) the Warrant with an estimated fair value of $116,731; (iv) the Security and Pledge Agreement entered into by the Company and the Investor in connection with the May 2015 Private Placement; (v) the Guaranty made in favor of the Investor in connection with the May 2015 Private Placement; and (vi) the Registration Rights Agreement entered into by the Company and the Investor in connection with the May 2015 Private Placement, for 605,816 fully paid and nonassessable shares of Common Stock and certain rights granted in the Side-Letter to acquire additional securities in the future, which may be exercised for additional shares of Common Stock. The Side-Letter rights/obligations represent a derivative and accordingly, its fair value was estimated and recorded at the date of Exchange Agreement and will continue to be revalued and adjusted to its estimated fair value at each periodic reporting date until it expires and/or the underlying securities are issued to the Holder.

Following is an analysis of gain on exchange of the debt and warrant obligations pursuant to the Exchange Agreement during the nine months ended September 30, 2019:

In addition, the Company issued a warrant in May 2015 to purchase 240,000 shares issued as part of the placement fee in connection with the Note. The warrant contained an expiration date of May 7, 2022 and an exercise price of $5.00 per share and is subject to certain price protection and dilution provisions. Such warrant was treated as a derivative liability for accounting purposes due to its ratchet and anti-dilution provisions.

On June 4, 2019, the Company entered into an exchange agreement with the warrant holder to extinguish the original warrant including its certain price protection and dilution provisions, for a new warrant to purchase up to 50,000 common shares with a termination date of June 4, 2026 at an exercise price of $0.50 per share without any price protection or dilution provisions.

The estimated fair value of the original warrant derivative as of May 23, 2019, the date of the exchange agreement, was $37,368 representing a change of $29,795 from December 31, 2018, which is included in changes in derivative fair value in the accompanying condensed statement of operations for the nine months ended September 30, 2019. See Note 5.

As a result of the exchange agreement, the Company extinguished the derivative liability of $37,368 attributable to the original warrant and recognized the estimated value of the new warrant of $7,985 as of June 4, 2019, the date of the exchange agreement. The resulting $29,383 difference been the estimated fair value of the old warrant extinguished and the new warrant issued to the holder has been recorded as a gain on exchange of debt and warrant obligations in the accompanying condensed statement of operations for the nine months ended September 30, 2019.

Note 3 – Debt

Debt consists of the following at September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018:

Note Payable – Short-term

On December 27, 2013 the Company borrowed $1,050,000 under an unsecured credit facility with a private, third-party lender. The facility is represented by a promissory note (the “December 2013 Note”) with an original maturity date of March 12, 2014.

In connection with the December 2013 Note, the Company granted the lender a warrant (the “Warrant”) exercisable to purchase 100,000 shares of its common stock at an exercise price of $15.00 per share. In connection with an extension to April 2015, the parties amended the date for exercise of the Warrant to be a period commencing April 7, 2015 and expiring on the third anniversary of such date. The Company issued no additional warrants to the lender in connection with the extension of the Note to the New Maturity Date. If the Company failed to pay the Note on or before its New Maturity Date, the number of shares issuable under the Warrant increases to 1,333,333 and the exercise price drops to $0.75 per share. All other terms of the Warrant remained the same. The Warrant has been treated as a derivative liability whereby the value of Warrant is estimated at the date of grant and recorded as a derivative liability and as a discount on the note payable. The warrant liability is revalued to fair value at each reporting date with the corresponding income (loss) reflected in the condensed statement of operations as change in derivative liability. The discount is amortized ratably through the original maturity date and each of the extended maturity dates. The warrant expired as of September 30, 2019 and is no longer exercisable.

In connection with an extension of the December 2013 Note to April 7, 2016, the Company agreed to enter into a definitive revenue sharing agreement with the lender to grant the lender under the revenue sharing agreement an irrevocable right to receive a monthly payment equal to one half of one percent (1/2%) of the gross revenue derived from the share of all hydrocarbons produced at the wellhead from the Nicaraguan Concessions and any other oil and gas concessions that the Company and its affiliates may acquire in the future. This percent increased to one percent (1%) when the Company did not pay the December 2013 Note in full by August 7, 2014. Therefore, the revenue sharing agreement is fixed at one percent (1%). The value of the one percent (1.0%) definitive revenue sharing agreement granted to the lender as consideration for the extension of the maturity date to December 7, 2014 was estimated to be $964,738. Such amount was recorded as a reduction of oil and gas properties and as a discount on the renewed note payable and amortized ratably over the extended term of the note.

In connection with the extension of the maturity date of the December 2013 Note to April 7, 2016, the Company also (i) issued the lender 20,000 shares of restricted common stock; (ii) decreased the exercise price of the warrant to $5.00 per share and extended the term of the warrant to a period commencing on the New Maturity Date and expiring on the third anniversary of such date; and (iii) paid $50,000 toward amounts due under the December 2013 Note. The Company issued no additional warrants to the lender in connection with the extension of the Note to the New Maturity Date. If the Company failed to pay the December 2013 Note on or before its New Maturity Date, the number of shares issuable under the Warrant increases to 1,333,333 and the exercise price drops to $0.75 per share. All other terms of the warrant remained the same. The warrant expired as of September 30, 2019. The December 2013 Note may be prepaid without penalty at any time. The December 2013 Note is subordinated to all existing and future senior indebtedness, as such terms are defined in the Note. The December 2013 Note is in default and the Company is pursuing a resolution to this default, including completing the extinguishment of the note balance, accrued interest and revenue sharing agreement through an exchange agreement which is further described below; however, there can be no assurances such efforts will be successful.

The Warrant was treated as a derivative liability whereby the value of Warrant is estimated at the date of grant and recorded as a derivative liability and as a discount on the note payable. The warrant liability was revalued to fair value at each reporting date with the corresponding income (loss) reflected in the condensed statement of operations as change in derivative liability. The Warrant expired as of September 30, 2019. The discount was amortized ratably through the original maturity date and each of the extended maturity dates. The Company recognized the value of the 20,000 shares of common stock issued ($104,000) and the increased value of the outstanding warrants due to the decrease in their exercise price ($68,716) as an additional discount on the note payable to be amortized ratably over the extended term of the underlying note.

On July 29, 2019 the Company entered into a non-binding term sheet with the holder of the December 2013 Note which has an unpaid principal balance of $1.0 million as of September 30, 2019. The term sheet, if consummated, will resolve the default contingencies regarding the December 2013 Note through an exchange agreement. Under the proposed terms the Company will make a cash payment of $100,000 within 60 days of the execution of an Exchange Agreement and will issue 740,500 shares of common stock to the holder in exchange for and cancellation of the following obligations:

The term sheet is non-binding until such time as the cash payment is made and the common stock are issued to the holder and there can be no assurance that the Company will successfully complete the Exchange Agreement. The Company did not make the required $100,000 cash payment within the contractual 60-day time period and therefore the term sheet is not binding on the parties. The parties are attempting to resolve the payment default and otherwise complete the Exchange Agreement as described above.

The following notes were extinguished on June 19, 2019:

On June 19, 2019, the Company and the holder of these two convertible notes entered into an exchange agreement whereby the two convertible notes with an unpaid principal balance of $240,000 and related accrued interest totaling $45,020 were extinguished. Under the exchange agreement the Company issued the individual a new warrant exercisable to purchase up to 570,000 shares of common stock at an exercise price of $0.50 per share with a termination date of June 19, 2026 without any price protection or dilution provisions in exchange for the extinguishment of the two convertible notes and related accrued interest. The Black-Scholes valuation of the warrant issued to the holder on June 19, 2019 totaled $62,564.

Following is an analysis of gain on extinguishment of the obligations pursuant to the Exchange Agreement during the nine months ended September 30, 2019:

Other than the December 2013 Note, at September 30, 2019 the Company had short-term notes outstanding with entities or individuals as follows:

Note 4 – Stock Options

The Company applies ASC 718, Stock Compensation, which requires companies to recognize compensation expense for share-based payments based on the estimated fair value of the awards. ASC 718 also requires tax benefits relating to the deductibility of increases in the value of equity instruments issued under share-based compensation arrangements to be presented as financing cash inflows in the statement of cash flows. Compensation cost is recognized based on the grant-date fair value for all share-based payments granted and is estimated in accordance with the provisions of ASC 718.

In May 2006, the Company’s stockholders approved the 2006 Equity Incentive Plan (the “2006 Plan”), under which both incentive and non-statutory stock options may be granted to employees, officers, non-employee directors and consultants. An aggregate of 47,000 shares of the Company’s common stock are reserved for issuance under the 2006 Plan. In June 2005, the Company’s stockholders approved the 2005 Equity Incentive Plan (the “2005 Plan”), under which both incentive and non-statutory stock options may be granted to employees, officers, non-employee directors and consultants. An aggregate of 47,500 shares of the Company’s common stock were reserved for issuance under the 2005 and 2006 Plans; however, such Plans have now expired and no further issuances can be made. Options granted under the 2005 Plan and 2006 Plan allow for the purchase of common stock at prices not less than the fair market value of such stock at the date of grant, become exercisable immediately or as directed by the Company’s Board of Directors and generally expire ten years after the date of grant. The Company also has issued other stock options not pursuant to a formal plan with terms similar to the 2005 and 2006 Plans.

At the Annual Meeting of Stockholders held on September 25, 2015 and the stockholders approved the Infinity Energy Resources, Inc. 2015 Stock Option and Restricted Stock Plan (the “2015 Plan”) and reserved 500,000 shares for issuance under the Plan.

As of September 30, 2019, 500,000 shares were available for future grants under the 2015 Plan. All other Plans have now expired.

The fair value of each option award is estimated on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model, which requires the input of subjective assumptions, including the expected term of the option award, expected stock price volatility and expected dividends. These estimates involve inherent uncertainties and the application of management judgment. For purposes of estimating the expected term of options granted, the Company aggregates option recipients into groups that have similar option exercise behavioral traits. Expected volatilities used in the valuation model are based on the expected volatility that would be used by an independent market participant in the valuation of certain of the Company’s warrants. The risk-free rate for the expected term of the option is based on the U.S. Treasury yield curve in effect at the time of grant. The Company’s forfeiture rate assumption used in determining its stock-based compensation expense is estimated based on historical data. The actual forfeiture rate could differ from these estimates. There were no stock options granted during the periods ended September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018.

The following table summarizes stock option activity for the nine months September 30, 2019:

The Company recorded stock-based compensation expense in connection with the vesting of options granted aggregating $-0- and $-0- during the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively.

The intrinsic value as of September 30, 2019 related to the vested and unvested stock options as of that date was $-0-. The unrecognized compensation cost as of September 30, 2019 related to the unvested stock options as of that date was $-0-.

Note 5 – Derivative Instruments

Derivatives – Warrants Issued Relative to Notes Payable

The estimated fair value of the Company’s derivative liabilities, all of which are related to the detachable warrants issued in connection with various notes payable and the secured convertible note, were estimated using a closed-ended option pricing model utilizing assumptions related to the contractual term of the instruments, estimated volatility of the price of the Company’s common stock, interest rates, the probability of both the downward adjustment of the exercise price and the upward adjustment to the number of warrants as provided by the note payable and warrant agreement terms (Note 2 and 3) and non-performance risk factors, among other items (ASC 820, Fair Value Measurements (“ASC 820”) fair value hierarchy Level 3). The detachable warrants issued in connection with the secured convertible note (See Note 2), the December 2013 Note (See Note 3) and the two other short-term notes payable (See Note 3) contain ratchet and anti-dilution provisions that remain in effect during the term of the warrant while the ratchet and anti-dilution provisions of the other notes payable cease when the related note payable is extinguished. When the note payable containing such ratchet and anti-dilution provisions is extinguished, the derivative liability will be adjusted to fair value and the resulting derivative liability will be transitioned from a liability to equity as of such date. The derivative liability associated with the warrants issued in connection with the secured convertible note payable will remain in effect until such time as the underlying warrant is exercised or terminated and the resulting derivative liability will be transitioned from a liability to equity as of such date.

The Company issued warrants to purchase an aggregate of 34,000 shares of common stock, respectively in connection with various outstanding debt instruments which require derivative accounting treatment as of September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018. A comparison of the assumptions used in calculating estimated fair value of such derivative liabilities as of September 30, 2019 is as follows:

The following table provides a summary of the changes in fair value, including net transfers in and/or out, of the derivative financial instruments, measured at fair value on a recurring basis using significant unobservable inputs for both open and closed derivatives:

The warrant derivative liability consists of the following at September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018:

Note 6 – Warrants

The following table summarizes warrant activity for the nine months ended September 30, 2019:

The weighted average term of all outstanding common stock purchase warrants was 4.6 years as of September 30, 2019. The intrinsic value of all outstanding common stock purchase warrants and the intrinsic value of all vested common stock purchase warrants was zero as of September 30, 2019.

Note 7 – Income Taxes

The provision for income taxes consists of the following:

The effective income tax rate on income (loss) before income tax benefit varies from the statutory federal income tax rate primarily due to the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (the “Act”) enacted on December 22, 2017. The Act significantly changed U.S. corporate income tax laws by, among other things, reducing the U.S. corporate income tax rate to 21% starting in 2018.

Under the Act, corporations are no longer subject to the AMT, effective for taxable years beginning after December 31, 2017. However, where a corporation has an AMT Credit from a prior taxable year, the corporation still carries it forward and may use a portion of it as a refundable credit in any taxable year beginning after 2017 but before 2022. Generally, 50% of the corporation’s AMT Credit carried forward to one of these years will be claimable and refundable for that year. In tax years beginning in 2021, however, the entire remaining carryforward generally will be refundable. The Company has generated an AMT credit carryforward during prior years totaling $150,000 which previously was reported as income taxes payable on the Company’s condensed balance sheet and the corresponding deferred tax asset was fully reserved based on all available evidence, the Company considered it more likely than not that all of the AMT tax credit carryforward would not be realized. Based on the provisions of the new Act, the Company now considers it more likely than not that all of the AMT tax credit carryforward will be realized. Accordingly, the Company has recognized an income benefit of $150,000 during the nine months ended September 30, 2018 as it reduced the corresponding income taxes payable to zero as of September 30, 2018. The Company will receive no cash from the elimination of this AMT tax credit carryforward as the Company had not previously paid the AMT tax rather it recorded the income tax liability on the accompanying condensed balance sheet.

The Company has incurred operating losses in recent years and it continues to be in a three-year cumulative loss position at September 30, 2019. Accordingly, the Company determined there was not sufficient positive evidence regarding its potential for future profits to outweigh the negative evidence of our three-year cumulative loss position under the guidance provided in ASC 740. Therefore, it determined to continue to provide a 100% valuation allowance on its net deferred tax assets. The Company expects to continue to maintain a full valuation allowance until it determines that it can sustain a level of profitability that demonstrates its ability to realize these assets. To the extent the Company determines that the realization of some or all of these benefits is more likely than not based upon expected future taxable income, a portion or all of the valuation allowance will be reversed.

For income tax purposes, the Company has net operating loss carry-forwards of approximately $66,845,000 at December 31, 2018, which expires from 2025 through 2038.

The Company has not completed the filing of tax returns for the tax years 2012 through 2018. Therefore, all such tax returns are open to examination by the Internal Revenue Service.

Note 8 – Commitments and Contingencies

The Company has not maintained insurance coverage on its U.S domestic oil and gas properties for a number of years. The Company is not in compliance with Federal and State laws regarding the U.S. domestic oil and gas properties. The Company’s known compliance issues relate to the Texas Railroad Commission regarding administrative filings and renewal permits relative to its Texas oil and gas properties that were sold in 2012. The ultimate resolution of these compliance issues could have a material adverse impact on the Company’s condensed financial statements.

Nicaraguan Concessions

The Company was in default of various provisions of the 30-year Concession for both Perlas and Tyra blocks as of December 31, 2018, including (1) the drilling of at least one exploratory well on the Perlas Block; (2) the shooting of additional seismic on the Tyra Block; (3) the provision of the Ministry of Energy with the required letters of credit in the amounts totaling $1,356,227 for the Perlas block and $278,450 for the Tyra block for exploration requirements on the leases; (4) payment of the 2016, 2017, 2018 and 2019 area fees required for both the Perlas and Tyra which total approximately $222,269; and (5) payment of the 2016, 2017, 2018 and 2019 training fees required for both the Perlas and Tyra totaling approximately $400,000. The Company had been seeking a resolution of these defaults including the ability to extend, renew and/or renegotiate the terms of the Nicaraguan Concessions with the Nicaraguan government to cure the defaults; however, the political climate and domestic issues have caused the Company to halt such efforts at this point pending additional information and evaluation of the situation. If the Company decides to continue its efforts respecting the Concessions, there can be no assurance whether it will be able to extend, renew and/or renegotiate the Concessions and whether any new terms will be favorable to the Company. If it is successful in extending, renewing and/or renegotiating the Concessions, it will have to raise substantial amounts of debt and equity capital from other sources to fund these requirements. These are substantial operational and financial issues that must be successfully addressed or the Company’s ability to satisfy the conditions necessary to maintain its Nicaragua Concessions will be in significant doubt.

There can be no assurance that it will be able to obtain such capital or obtain it on favorable terms or within the timeframe necessary to cure the defaults existing on the Nicaraguan Concessions. The current environment for oil and gas development projects, especially discoveries in otherwise undeveloped regions of the world, is very challenging given the depressed commodity prices for oil and gas products, and the resulting industry-wide reduction in capital expenditure budgets for exploration and development projects. These are substantial impediments for the Company to obtain adequate financing to fund the exploration and development of its Nicaraguan projects.

The following charts set forth the minimum work programs required under for the Perlas and Tyra blocks comprising the Concessions in order for the Company to retain them unless it is successful in obtaining extensions, renewals or the renegotiation of the entire Concessions Agreements for the Perlas and Tyra blocks.

Minimum Work Program – Perlas

Block Perlas – Exploration Minimum Work Commitment and Relinquishments

Minimum Work Program – Tyra

Block Tyra – Exploration Minimum Work Commitment and Relinquishments

Contractual and Fiscal Terms

Revenue Sharing Commitments

On March 23, 2009, the Company entered into a Securities Purchase Agreement, dated effective as of March 23, 2009, with Offshore Finance, LLC, an accredited investor, to issue a subordinated promissory note in the aggregate principal amount of up to $1,275,000 and a one percent (1%) revenue sharing interest in the Nicaraguan Concessions. Off-Shore funded a total of $1,275,000 and subsequently converted the subordinated promissory note to common stock.

Under the Revenue Sharing Agreement (the “Revenue Agreement”), Infinity assigned to Off-Shore a monthly payment (the “RSP”) equal to the revenue derived from one percent (1%) of Infinity’s share of the hydrocarbons produced at the wellhead from the Nicaraguan Concessions. The RSP will bear its proportionate share of all costs incurred to deliver the hydrocarbons to the point of sale to an unaffiliated purchaser, including its share of production, severance and similar taxes, and certain additional costs. The RSP will be paid to Off-Shore by the last day of each month based on the revenue received by Infinity from the purchaser of the production during the previous month from the Nicaraguan Concessions. The Revenue Agreement does not create any obligation for Infinity to maintain or develop the Nicaraguan Concessions and does not create any rights in the Nicaraguan Concessions for Off-Shore. In connection with its dissolution Off-Shore assigned its RSP to its individual members.

On June 6, 2009, the Company entered into a Revenue Sharing Agreement with the officers and directors for services provided. Infinity assigned to officers and directors a monthly payment equal to the revenue derived from one percent (1%) of Infinity’s share of the hydrocarbons produced at the wellhead from the Nicaraguan Concessions. The RSP will bear its proportionate share of all costs incurred to deliver the hydrocarbons to the point of sale to an unaffiliated purchaser, including its share of production, severance and similar taxes, and certain additional costs.

The RSP shall be paid by the last day of each month based on the revenue received by Infinity from the purchaser of the production during the previous month from the Nicaraguan Concessions. The Revenue Agreement does not create any obligation for Infinity to maintain or develop the Nicaraguan Concessions and does not create any rights in the Nicaraguan Concessions for officers and directors.

The Company intends to seek joint venture or working interest partners (the “Farmout”) prior to the commencement of any exploratory drilling operations on the Nicaraguan Concessions. On September 8, 2009 the Company entered into a Revenue Sharing Agreement with Jeff Roberts to assist the Company with its technical studies of gas and oil holdings in Nicaragua and managing and assisting in the Farmout. Infinity assigned to Jeff Roberts a monthly payment equal to the revenue derived from one percent (1%) of Infinity’s share of the hydrocarbons produced at the wellhead from the Nicaraguan Concessions. The RSP will bear its proportionate share of all costs incurred to deliver the hydrocarbons to the point of sale to an unaffiliated purchaser, including its share of production, severance and similar taxes, and certain additional costs. The RSP shall be paid to Jeff Roberts by the last day of each month based on the revenue received by Infinity from the purchaser of the production during the previous month from the Nicaraguan Concessions. The Revenue Agreement does not create any obligation for Infinity to maintain or develop the Nicaraguan Concessions and does not create any rights in the Nicaraguan Concessions for Jeff Roberts.

In connection with the extension of the December 2013 Note with a $1,050,000 principal balance issued in December 2013, the Company entered into a Revenue Sharing Agreement in May 2014. Infinity assigned to the note holder a monthly payment equal to the revenue derived from one percent (1%) of 8/8ths of Infinity’s share of the hydrocarbons produced at the wellhead from the Nicaraguan Concessions and any other oil and gas concessions that the Company and its affiliates may acquire in the future. The RSP will bear its proportionate share of all costs incurred to deliver the hydrocarbons to the point of sale to an unaffiliated purchaser, including its share of production, severance and similar taxes, and certain additional costs. The RSP shall be paid by the last day of each month based on the revenue received by Infinity from the purchaser of the production during the previous month from the Nicaraguan Concessions. The Revenue Sharing Agreement does not create any obligation for Infinity to maintain or develop the Nicaraguan Concessions.

Lack of Compliance with Law Regarding Domestic Properties

Infinity has not been in compliance with existing federal, state and local laws, rules and regulations for its previously owned domestic oil and gas properties and this could have a material or significantly adverse effect upon the liquidity, capital expenditures, earnings or competitive position of Infinity. All domestic oil and gas properties held by Infinity – Wyoming and Infinity-Texas were disposed of well prior to September 30, 2019; however, the Company may remain liable for certain asset retirement costs should the new owners not complete their obligations. Management believes the total asset retirement obligations recorded of $1,716,003 as of September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018 are sufficient to cover any potential noncompliance liabilities relative to the plugging of abandoned wells, the removal of facilities and equipment, and site restoration on oil and gas properties for its former oil and gas properties. The Company has not maintained insurance on the domestic properties for a number of years nor has it owned/produced any oil & gas properties for a number of years.

Binding Term Sheet to Acquire Domestic Oil and Gas Properties

On July 31, 2019 the Company acquired an option (the “Option”) from Core Energy, LLC, a closely held company (“Core”), to purchase the production and mineral rights/leasehold for oil & gas properties, subject to overriding royalties to third parties, in the Central Kansas Uplift geological formation covering over 11,000 contiguous acres (the “Properties”). The Company paid a nonrefundable deposit of $50,000 to bind the purchase option which gives it the right to acquire the Properties for $2.5 million prior to December 31, 2019.

The purchase will include the existing production equipment, infrastructure and ownership of 11 square miles of existing 3-D seismic data on the acreage. The Properties include a horizontal producing well, horizontal saltwater injection well, conventional saltwater disposal well and two conventional vertical producing wells, which currently produce from the Reagan Sand zone with an approximate depth of 3,600 feet.

The Company intends to complete the acquisition of the Properties prior to the end of this year, subject to obtaining adequate financing. The Option includes a provision permitting Core to exercise a buy-out clause and sell the Properties to a third-party purchaser prior to our exercise of the Option. If such a sale occurs, the Company would be entitled to 10% of the proceeds of the sale on the closing date. In such event, Core will for a period of nine months following the buy-out find a project of like kind and provide the Company a first right of refusal to acquire such asset.

Litigation

The Company is subject to numerous claims and legal actions in which vendors are claiming breach of contract due to the Company’s failure to pay amounts due. The Company believes that it has made adequate provision for these claims in the accompanying condensed financial statements.

The Company is currently involved in litigation as follows:

Note 9 – Related Party Transactions

The Company does not have any employees other than the CEO, COO and CFO. In previous years, certain general and administrative services (for which payment is deferred) had been provided by the CFO’s accounting firm at its standard billing rates plus out-of-pocket expenses consisting primarily of accounting, tax and other administrative fees. The Company no longer utilizes the CFO’s accounting for such support services and was not billed for any such services during the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018. The amount due to the CFO’s firm for services previously provided was $762,407 at September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018 and is included in accrued liabilities at both dates.

On June 6, 2009, the Company entered into a Revenue Sharing Agreement with the officers and directors for services provided. Infinity assigned to officers and directors a monthly payment equal to the revenue derived from one percent (1%) of Infinity’s share of the hydrocarbons produced at the wellhead from the Nicaraguan Concessions. The RSP will bear its proportionate share of all costs incurred to deliver the hydrocarbons to the point of sale to an unaffiliated purchaser, including its share of production, severance and similar taxes, and certain additional costs. The RSP shall be paid by the last day of each month based on the revenue received by Infinity from the purchaser of the production during the previous month from the Nicaraguan Concessions. The Revenue Agreement does not create any obligation for Infinity to maintain or develop the Nicaraguan Concessions and does not create any rights in the Nicaraguan Concessions for officers and directors.

In connection with its subordinated loan, Offshore Finance, LLC was granted a one percent (1%) revenue sharing interest in the Nicaraguan Concessions in connection with a subordinated loan provided previously which was subsequently converted to common stock. The managing partner of Offshore and the Company’s CFO are partners in the accounting firm which the Company used for general corporate purposes in the past. In connection with its dissolution, Offshore assigned its RSP to its individual members, which includes the former managing partner of Offshore.

As of September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, the Company had accrued compensation to its officers and directors of $1,829,208. The Board of Directors authorized the Company to cease compensation for its officers and directors effective January 1, 2018.

Note 10 – Subsequent Events

The Company has not resolved the various contingencies related to the default status of its Nicaraguan Concessions (See Note 8). The Company had been seeking a resolution of these defaults including the ability to extend, renew and/or renegotiate the terms of the Nicaraguan Concessions with the Nicaraguan government to cure the defaults; however, the political climate and domestic issues have caused the Company to halt such efforts at this point pending additional information and evaluation of the situation.

The Company has not resolved the contingencies regarding its various notes payable related to their default status as described in Notes 3 other than the December 2013 Note described above. The Company continues to pursue resolutions of these defaults including to negotiate extensions, waivers or new note agreements; however, there can be no assurance that the Company will be successful in that regard.

On July 29, 2019 the Company entered into a non-binding term sheet with the holder of the December 2013 Note which had an unpaid principal balance of $1.0 million as of September 30, 2019. The term sheet, if consummated, will resolve the default contingencies regarding the December 2013 Note through an exchange agreement. See Note 3, Debt.”

The Company’s Board of Directors appointed John Loeffelbein, as Chief Operating Officer of Infinity Energy Resources, Inc. effective September 30, 2019. The Company is not a party to any employment agreement with Mr. Loeffelbein. In connection with his appointment as Chief Operating Officer the Board of Directors approved the grant of 2,000,000 restricted shares of common stock effective October 2, 2019. Of such shares, 1,250,000 vested immediately and the remaining 750,000 will vest one year after the date of grant, assuming that he remains as an employee of the Company at that point in time. Mr. Loeffelbein will receive no cash compensation for his services for the remainder of 2019 and calendar year 2020. Loeffelbein will also be eligible to participate in all applicable benefit plans offered by the Company to its senior officers.

The Company issued 50,000 shares of common stock to an accredited investor on November 6, 2019 pursuant to a private placement. The shares were issued at $0.10 per share for total cash proceeds of $5,000, which will be used for working capital purposes.

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Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

Note Regarding Forward Looking Statements

This quarterly report on Form 10-Q contains certain forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, which are intended to be covered by the safe harbors created thereby. In some cases, you can identify forward-looking statements by terminology such as “may,” “should,” “expects,” “plans,” “anticipates,” “believes,” “estimates,” “predicts,” “potential,” “continue,” “intends,” and other variations of these words or comparable words. In addition, any statements that refer to expectations, projections or other characterizations of events, circumstances or trends and that do not relate to historical matters are forward-looking statements. To the extent that there are statements that are not recitations of historical fact, such statements constitute forward-looking statements that, by definition, involve risks and uncertainties. In any forward-looking statement, where we express an expectation or belief as to future results or events, such expectation or belief is expressed in good faith and believed to have a reasonable basis, but there can be no assurance that the statement of expectation or belief will be achieved or accomplished. The actual results or events may differ materially from those anticipated and as reflected in forward-looking statements included in this report.

Although we believe that the expectations reflected in the forward-looking statements are reasonable, we cannot guarantee future results, levels of activity, performance or achievements. You should not place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements, which speak only as of the date of this report. Except as required by law, we do not undertake to update or revise any of the forward-looking statements to conform these statements to actual results, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise.

Readers are cautioned not to place undue reliance on the forward-looking statements contained herein, which speak only as of the date hereof. We believe the information contained in this quarterly report on Form 10-Q to be accurate as of the date hereof. Changes may occur after that date, and we will not update that information except as required by law.

As used in this quarterly report, “Infinity,” the “Company,” “we,” “us” and “our” refer collectively to Infinity Energy Resources, Inc., its predecessors and subsidiaries or one or more of them as the context may require.

2019 Operational and Financial Objectives

Corporate Activities

During the three months ended September 30, 2019, the Company has raised $137,500 in cash through a private placement of 1,375,000 shares of common stock. It used the proceeds to pay the $50,000 nonrefundable deposit Option to acquire the Properties and for general working capital purposes. The Company plans to continue to raise debt and equity capital in order to meet its contractual obligations, in particular to acquire the Properties and to resolve the December 2013 Note.

The Company has focused on resolving its outstanding obligations that are in default in 2019 and in that regard has entered into exchange agreements with several holders of such obligations. In that regard the Company completed exchange agreements with the holders of the: (i) Senior Secured Convertible Note with a principal balance of $2,197,231 and related warrant to purchase 1,800,000 shares of common stock; (ii) notes payable with a principal balance of $240,000; and (iii) the warrants to purchase 240,000 shares of common stock issued to the placement agent of the Senior Secured Convertible Note. These obligations were extinguished and exchanged for the issuance of common stock and new warrants to purchase common stock. These were important developments which resolved obligations that were in default without involving the payment of cash.

In addition, the Company entered into term sheets with two entities that further the Company’s 2019 objectives to resolve obligations in default and to acquire the Properties.

On July 29, 2019 the Company entered into a non-binding term sheet with the holder of the December 2013 Note which has an unpaid principal balance of $1.0 million as of September 30, 2019. The term sheet, if consummated, will resolve the default contingencies regarding the December 2013 Note through an exchange agreement. See Note 3, “Debt.”

On July 31, 2019 the Company acquired an option (the “Option”) from Core Energy, LLC, a closely held company (“Core”), to purchase the production and mineral rights/leasehold for oil & gas properties, subject to overriding royalties to third parties, in the Central Kansas Uplift geological formation covering over 11,000 contiguous acres (the “Properties”). The Company paid a nonrefundable deposit of $50,000 to bind the purchase option which gives it the right to acquire the Properties for $2.5 million prior to December 31, 2019.

The purchase will include the existing production equipment, infrastructure and ownership of 11 square miles of existing 3-D seismic data on the acreage. The Properties include a horizontal producing well, horizontal saltwater injection well, conventional saltwater disposal well and two conventional vertical producing wells, which currently produce from the Reagan Sand zone with an approximate depth of 3,600 feet.

The Company intends to complete the acquisition of the Properties prior to the end of this year, subject to obtaining adequate financing. The Option includes a provision permitting Core to exercise a buy-out clause and sell the Properties to a third-party purchaser prior to its exercise of the Option. If such a sale occurs, the Company would be entitled to 10% of the proceeds of the sale on the closing date. In such event, Core will for a period of nine months following the buy-out find a project of like kind and provide the Company a first right of refusal to acquire such asset.

The Company has not resolved the contingencies regarding its various notes payable related to their default status as described in Note 3, “Debt,” other than the December 2013 Note described above. The Company continues to pursue resolutions of these defaults including to negotiate extensions, waivers or new note agreements; however, there can be no assurance that the Company will be successful in that regard.

The Nicaraguan Concessions have represented the Company’s most substantial assets and were the focal point of its business plan for the past ten years. The Company is in default of various provisions of the 30-year Concession for both the Perlas and Tyra blocks as of September 30, 2019.

The Company is in default of various provisions of the 30-year Concession for both Perlas and Tyra blocks as of September 30, 2019, including (1) the drilling of at least one exploratory well on the Perlas Block; (2) the shooting of additional seismic on the Tyra Block; (3) the provision of the Ministry of Energy with the required letters of credit in the amounts totaling $1,356,227 for the Perlas block and $278,450 for the Tyra block for exploration requirements on the leases; (4) payment of the 2016, 2017, 2018 and 2019 area fees required for both the Perlas and Tyra which total approximately $222,269; and (5) payment of the 2016, 2017, 2018 and 2019 training fees required for both the Perlas and Tyra totaling approximately $400,000. The Company had been seeking a resolution of these defaults including the ability to extend, renew and/or renegotiate the terms of the Nicaraguan Concessions with the Nicaraguan government to cure the defaults; however, the political climate and domestic issues have caused the Company to halt such efforts at this point pending additional information and evaluation of the situation. If the Company decides to continue its efforts respecting the Concessions, there can be no assurance whether it will be able to extend, renew and/or renegotiate the Concessions and whether any new terms will be favorable to the Company. If the Company extends, renews and/or renegotiates the Concessions, it will have to raise substantial amounts of debt and equity capital from other sources in the immediate future in order to fund these requirements. If the Company decides to continue to pursue the Concessions, these are substantial operational and financial issues that must be successfully addressed or the Company’s ability to satisfy the conditions necessary to maintain Nicaragua Concessions will be in significant doubt.

Due to the uncertainties related to these matters, there exists substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern within one year after the date the financials are issued. The condensed financial statements do not include any adjustments relating to the recoverability and classification of asset carrying amounts or the amount and classification of liabilities that might result should the Company be unable to continue as a going concern.

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

We do not have any off-balance sheet debt nor did we have any transactions, arrangements, obligations (including contingent obligations) or other relationships with any unconsolidated entities or other persons that may have material current or future effect on financial conditions, changes in the financial conditions, results of operations, liquidity, capital expenditures, capital resources, or significant components of revenue or expenses.

For the Three Months Ended September 30, 2019 and 2018

Results of Operations

Revenue

The Company had no revenues in either 2019 or 2018 because it focused on the acquisition of the Properties.

Production and Other Operating Expenses (income)

The Company had no production related operating expenses in either 2019 or 2018. The Company sold its investment in Infinity-Texas in July 2012 and held no oil and gas properties in the United States in 2019 and 2018.

The Company has no current domestic exploration and development activities.

General and Administrative Expenses

General and administrative expenses of $9,911 for the three months ended September 30, 2019 decreased $30,191, or 75.3%, from $40,102 in the same period in 2018. The decrease in general and administrative expenses is primarily attributable to a $38,892 decrease in Nicaragua Concession related expenses offset by an increase in audit and legal fees associated with the Company’s regulatory filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission. The political climate and domestic issues in Nicaragua have caused the Company to halt such efforts at this point pending additional information and evaluation of the situation. If the Company decides to continue its efforts respecting the Concessions, there can be no assurance whether it will be able to extend, renew and/or renegotiate the Concessions and whether any new terms will be favorable to the Company or raise sufficient capital required for the Concessions.

Interest expense

Interest expense decreased $9,342, or 31.9%, from $29,309 for the three months ended September 30, 2018 to $19,967 for the three months ended September 30, 2019. The decrease is attributable to the exchange transactions that extinguished the Senior Secured Convertible Note with an approximate principal balance of $2.2 million and short-term notes payable with a principal balance totaling $240,000 during the three months ended September 30, 2019. Remaining interest expense is related to various short-term notes outstanding in both periods which have matured and for which the Company was seeking extensions as of September 30, 2019.

The Company’s current financial condition has made traditional bank loans and customary financing terms unattainable; therefore, the Company will need to continue with these types of short-term borrowings with high effective interest rates.

Change in Derivative Fair Value

Certain common stock purchase warrants issued in connection with short-term notes and outstanding during 2019 and 2018 are treated as derivative instruments because the promissory notes and warrants contain ratchet and anti-dilution provisions. Accordingly, the Company adjusted the value of the outstanding derivative liabilities to their estimated fair value as of September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018. In addition, the side-letter agreement with Hudson Bay Master Limited Fund LP (“Hudson Bay”) as a result of the Exchange Agreement is considered a derivative and accordingly was marked-to-market at September 30, 2019. The mark-to-market process resulted in a loss of $127,284 during the three months ended September 30, 2019 and a loss of $2,687 during the three months ended September 30, 2018. The loss recognized in the 2019 period is primarily the result of the side-letter derivative issued pursuant to the Exchange Agreement. Such side-letter provides anti-dilution protection to Hudson Bay which will likely require the Company to issue common stock and warrants to purchase common stock on its expiration date of November 23, 2019.

Income Tax

The Company recorded no income tax benefit (expense) in the three months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018. The Company has been in a cumulative tax loss position and has substantial net operating loss carryforwards available to it at September 30, 2019. The Company has continued to carry a 100% reserve on its net deferred tax assets and therefore recorded no income tax expense on its loss before income taxes during the three months ended September 30, 2019 and likewise recorded no income tax benefit on its loss before income taxes for the three months ended September 30, 2018.

For income tax purposes, the Company has net operating loss carry-forwards of approximately $66,845,000 as of December 31, 2018, which expire from 2025 through 2038. The Company has provided a 100% valuation allowance against the resulting deferred tax asset due to the uncertainty of realizing the tax benefits from its net operating loss carry-forwards.

Net income (loss)

As a result of the above, the Company reported a net loss of $157,162 for the three months ended September 30, 2019 compared to a net loss of $72,098 for the same period in 2018. This represents a deterioration of $85,064.

Basic and Diluted Net Income (Loss) per Share

Basic net income (loss) per share is computed by dividing the net loss by the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding during the period. Diluted net income (loss) per share is computed by dividing the net income (loss) by the weighted-average number of common and common equivalent shares outstanding during the period. Common share equivalents included in the diluted computation represent shares issuable upon assumed exercise of stock options and warrants using the treasury stock and “if converted” method. For periods in which net losses are incurred, weighted average shares outstanding is the same for basic and diluted loss per share calculations, as the inclusion of common share equivalents would have an anti-dilutive effect. In addition, in periods in which there is net income and the effect of including common share equivalents in the diluted per share calculations would be anti-dilutive (such as when the conversion or exercise price of the common share equivalents are higher than the average closing market price per share) such anti-dilutive common share equivalents would also be excluded from the calculation of basic and diluted weighted average shares outstanding.

During the three months ended September 30, 2019 all of the common stock equivalents outstanding were anti-dilutive because of the net loss incurred during the period and their respective conversion or exercise prices were higher than the average closing market price per share during the period. Therefore, all of the common stock equivalents outstanding during the three months ended September 30, 2019 were excluded from the diluted weighted average shares outstanding and diluted income per share calculations. The basic and diluted net loss per share was $0.02 for the three months ended September 30, 2019 the basic and diluted loss per share was $0.01 for the three months ended September 30, 2018 for the reasons previously noted. Potential shares of common stock as of September 30, 2019 that have been excluded from the computation of diluted net income (loss) per share amounted to 1,277,563 shares, which included 945,563 outstanding warrants and 332,000 outstanding stock options.

For the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2019 and 2018

Results of Operations

Revenue

The Company had no revenues in either 2019 or 2018 because it focused on the acquisition of domestic oil and gas properties, resulting in its Option for the Properties on July 31, 2019.

Production and Other Operating Expenses (income)

The Company had no production related operating expenses in either 2019 or 2018. The Company sold its investment in Infinity-Texas in July 2012 and held no developed or undeveloped oil and gas properties in the United States in 2019 and 2018.

The Company has no current domestic exploration and development activities.

General and Administrative Expenses

General and administrative expenses of $139,059 for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 decreased $13,198, or 8.7%, from $152,257 in the same period in 2018. The decrease in general and administrative expenses is primarily attributable to a $38,901 decrease in Nicaragua Concession related expenses offset by an increase in audit and legal fees associated with the Company’s regulatory filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission and the exchange agreements finalized in 2019. The political climate and domestic issues in Nicaragua have caused the Company to halt such efforts at this point pending additional information and evaluation of the situation. If the Company decides to continue its efforts respecting the Concessions, there can be no assurance whether it will be able to extend, renew and/or renegotiate the Concessions and whether any new terms will be favorable to the Company or raise sufficient capital required for the Concessions.

Interest expense

Interest expense decreased $17,168, or 19.6%, from $87,434 for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 to $70,266 for the nine months ended September 30, 2019. The decrease is attributable to the exchange transactions which extinguished the Senior Secured Convertible Note with an approximate principal balance of $2.2 million and short-term notes payable with a principal balance totaling $240,000 during the nine months ended September 30, 2019. Remaining interest expense is related to various short-term notes outstanding in both periods which have matured and for which the Company was seeking extensions as of September 30, 2019.

The Company’s current financial condition has made traditional bank loans and customary financing terms unattainable; therefore, the Company will need to continue with these types of short-term borrowings with high effective interest rates.

Gain on exchange and extinguishment of debt and warrant obligations

The gain on exchange and extinguishment of debt and warrant obligations is attributable to exchange transactions which extinguished the Senior Secured Convertible Note with an approximate principal balance of $2.2 million, short term notes payable with a principal balance totaling $240,000 and the warrant to purchase 240,000 shares of common stock issued to a placement agent during the nine months ended September 30, 2019.

The Company and the holders of these obligations agreed to extinguish the existing obligations (which were in default) in exchange for the issuance of shares of common stock or new warrants to purchase common stock with no price or dilution protection. Upon exchange of the securities the existing obligations were cancelled and both holders signed agreements which released the Company of all obligations related to the old securities. As a result, the Company extinguished such original securities/obligations and recorded the issuance of the new obligations at their fair value on the date of exchange resulting in a total gain of $2,413,280 during the nine months ended September 30, 2019.

In addition, the Company entered into a non-binding term sheet to enter into an exchange agreement with respect to a note payable with a principal balance of $1.0 million, accrued interest approximating $481,000, a warrant to purchase 100,000 shares of common stock and a revenue sharing agreement for 1% of hydrocarbons produced on the Nicaraguan Concession. These obligations will be exchanged for the issuance of 740,500 shares of common stock and a cash payment of $100,000. See Note 3, “Debt.”

Change in Fair Value of Secured Convertible Note

The Company issued the Secured Convertible Note in the May 2015 Private Placement and elected to account for and record such Note on a fair value basis. On May 4, 2017, the Investor notified the Company that it elected to affect an Investor Optional Offset under Section 7(a) of the Investor Note of the full $9,490,000 principal amount outstanding under the Investor Note against $9,490,000 in aggregate principal outstanding under the Convertible Note. It did so by surrendering and concurrently cancelling $9,490,000 in aggregate principal of the Convertible Note in exchange for the satisfaction in full and cancellation of the Investor Note. The Convertible Note had an aggregate outstanding principal balance of $11,687,231 as of the date of the exchange. The Investor requested the Company to deliver the Replacement Note representing the remaining principal balance of $2,197,231 to replace the Convertible Note. The Company has recorded the fair value of the Convertible Note assuming that the remaining par value is $2,197,231 as asserted by the Investor at its maturity date in May 2018. The resulting change in the estimated fair value was $150,794 during the nine months ended September 30, 2018. There was no change in fair value during the nine months ended September 30, 2019 as the Convertible Note matured in May 2018.

On May 23, 2019 and as amended on May 30, 2019, the Company and the Investor agreed to an omnibus resolution to these outstanding matters and entered into the Exchange Agreement and Side-Letter Agreement as described below:

Exchange Agreement: Under the Exchange Agreement, the Investor exchanged all of its rights under the original securities issued in the May 2015 Private Placement, including: (i) the Convertible Note, subject to the Optional Offset (as defined in the Investor Note), with a current balance of $2,197,231.00; (ii) the related accrued interest under the Convertible Note, with a balance of $26,107.52; (iii) the Warrant; (iv) the Security and Pledge Agreement entered into by the Company and the Investor in connection with the May 2015 Private Placement; (v) the Guaranty made in favor of the Investor in connection with the May 2015 Private Placement; and (vi) the Registration Rights Agreement entered into by the Company and the Investor in connection with the May 2015 Private Placement, for 605,816 fully paid and nonassessable shares of Common Stock and certain rights (the “Rights”) to acquire additional securities in the future, which may be exercised for additional shares of Common Stock.

Upon consummation of the exchange transactions described above, the Investor no longer owns any of the Original Securities, including any rights thereunder, and the Company cancelled the certificate(s) and other physical documentation evidencing the Investor’s ownership of the Original Securities.

Side-letter Agreement: Concurrent with the Exchange Agreement, the Company and the Investor also entered into a letter agreement, dated May 23, 2019 (the “Side-Letter Agreement”). The Side-Letter Agreement provides that on November 23, 2019, the Company will, if required under the Side-letter Agreement, issue additional shares of Common Stock to the Investor based on an increase in the Number of Fully-Diluted Shares Outstanding of the Company from the execution date of the Exchange Agreement to the six-month anniversary of the Exchange Agreement (the “True-Up Shares”). The issuance of the True-Up Shares, if any, shall provide the Investor with Rights to acquire additional Right Shares to adjust their ownership to 9.99% of the common shares and common share equivalents then outstanding. Any common share equivalents then outstanding and to be issued in conjunction with the Side-Letter Agreement will be issued in like tenor.

Change in Derivative Fair Value

The conversion feature in certain outstanding promissory notes and common stock purchase warrants issued in connection with short-term notes and the Secured Convertible Note outstanding during 2019 and 2018 are treated as derivative instruments because the promissory notes and warrants contain ratchet and anti-dilution provisions. In addition, the Side-Letter Agreement with Hudson Bay as a result of the Exchange Agreement is considered a derivative and accordingly was marked-to-market at September 30, 2019. The mark-to-market process resulted in a loss of $190,092 during the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and a gain of $18,314 during the nine months ended September 30, 2018. The loss recognized in the 2019 period is primarily the result of the Side-Letter Agreement derivative issued pursuant to the Hudson Bay exchange agreement. Such side-letter provides anti-dilution protection to Hudson Bay which will likely require the Company to issue common stock and warrants to purchase common stock on its expiration date of November 23, 2019.

Income Tax

The Company recorded no income tax benefit (expense) in the nine months ended September 30, 2019. The Company has been in a cumulative tax loss position and has substantial net operating loss carryforwards available to it at September 30, 2019. The Company has continued to carry a 100% reserve on its net deferred tax assets and therefore recorded no income tax expense on its income before income taxes during the nine months ended September 30, 2019.

The Company recorded a tax benefit of $150,000 during the nine months ended September 30, 2018. The income tax benefit recorded in 2019 is primarily due to the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (the “Act”) that became law on December 22, 2017. The Act significantly changed U.S. corporate income tax laws by, among other things, reducing the U.S. corporate income tax rate to 21% starting in January 2018.

Under the Act, corporations are no longer subject to the AMT, effective for taxable years beginning after December 31, 2017. However, where a corporation has an AMT Credit from a prior taxable year, the corporation still carries it forward and may use a portion of it as a refundable credit in any taxable year beginning after 2017 but before 2022. Generally, 50% of the corporation’s AMT Credit carried forward to one of these years will be claimable and refundable for that year. In tax years beginning in 2021, however, the entire remaining carryforward generally will be refundable. The Company has generated an AMT credit carryforward during prior years totaling $150,000, which previously was reported as income taxes payable on the Company’s condensed balance sheet and the corresponding deferred tax asset was fully reserved based on all available evidence, because the Company considered it more likely than not that all the AMT tax credit carryforward would not be realized. Based on the provisions of the new Act, the Company now considers it more likely than not that all of the AMT tax credit carryforward will be realized. Accordingly, the Company has recognized an income benefit of $150,000 during the nine months ended September 30, 2018 as it reduced the corresponding income taxes payable to zero as of September 30, 2018.

For income tax purposes, the Company has net operating loss carry-forwards of approximately $66,845,000 as of December 31, 2018, which expire from 2025 through 2038. The Company has provided a 100% valuation allowance against the resulting deferred tax asset due to the uncertainty of realizing the tax benefits from its net operating loss carry-forwards.

Net income (loss)

As a result of the above, the Company reported net income of $2,013,863 for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 compared to a net loss of $222,171 for the same period in 2018. This represents an improvement of $2,236,034.

Basic and Diluted Net Income (Loss) per Share

Basic net income (loss) per share is computed by dividing the net loss by the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding during the period. Diluted net income (loss) per share is computed by dividing the net income (loss) by the weighted-average number of common and common equivalent shares outstanding during the period. Common share equivalents included in the diluted computation represent shares issuable upon assumed exercise of stock options and warrants using the treasury stock and “if converted” method. For periods in which net losses are incurred, weighted average shares outstanding is the same for basic and diluted loss per share calculations, as the inclusion of common share equivalents would have an anti-dilutive effect. In addition, in periods in which there is net income and the effect of including common share equivalents in the diluted per share calculations would be anti-dilutive (such as when the conversion or exercise price of the common share equivalents are higher than the average closing market price per share) such anti-dilutive common share equivalents would also be excluded from the calculation of basic and diluted weighted average shares outstanding.

During the nine months ended September 30, 2019 all of the common stock equivalents outstanding were anti-dilutive as their respective conversion or exercise prices were higher than the average closing market price per share during the period. Therefore, all of the common stock equivalents outstanding during the nine months ended September 30, 2019 were excluded from the diluted weighted average shares outstanding and diluted income per share calculations. The basic and diluted net income per share was $0.25 for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 the basic and diluted loss per share was $0.03 for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 for the reasons previously noted. Potential shares of common stock as of September 30, 2019 that have been excluded from the computation of diluted net income (loss) per share amounted to 1,277,563 shares, which included 945,563 outstanding warrants and 332,000 outstanding stock options.

Liquidity and Capital Resources; Going Concern

We have had a history of losses and have generated little or no operating revenues for a number of years as we concentrated on development of our Nicaraguan Concessions, which is a long-term, high-risk/reward exploration project in an otherwise unproven part of the world. Historically, we financed our operations through the issuance of equity and various short and long-term debt financing that contained some level of detachable warrants to provide the holders with a level of equity participation.

Private Placement of Common Stock

During the three months ended September 30, 2019, the Company has raised $137,500 in cash through a private placement of 1,375,000 shares of common stock. It used the proceeds to pay the $50,000 nonrefundable deposit for the Option relating to the Properties and for general working capital purposes.

Senior Secured Convertible Note

On May 7, 2015, the Company completed the private placement (the “May 2015 Private Placement”) of a $12.0 million principal amount Secured Convertible Note (the “Note”) and a common stock purchase warrant to purchase 1,800,000 shares of the Company’s common stock (the “Warrant”) with an institutional investor (the “Investor”). At the closing, the Investor acquired the Note by paying $450,000 in cash and issuing a promissory note, secured by cash, with a principal amount of $9,550,000 (the “Investor Note”).

On May 23, 2019 and as amended on May 30, 2019, the Company and the Investor agreed to an omnibus resolution to these outstanding matters and entered into the Exchange Agreement and Side-Letter Agreement as described in Note 3, “Debt.”

Short-Term Notes Extinguished

In November 2016, the Company issued a $200,000 convertible promissory note which requires no principal or interest payments until its November 2017 maturity date and bears 8% interest. The proceeds of this note were used to retire the Company’s line-of-credit upon its maturity in November 2016 and for general working capital purposes. This note was not retired at its maturity and was therefore in default.

In April 2017, the Company borrowed $40,000 under an unsecured credit facility with a private, third-party lender which is convertible at a rate of $5.00 per share. The note required no principal or interest payments until its maturity date of April 19, 2018 and bears interest at 8% per annum. This note was not retired at its maturity and therefore was in default.

On June 19, 2019, the Company and the holders of these two convertible notes entered into an exchange agreement whereby the two convertible notes with an unpaid principal balance of $240,000 and related accrued interest totaling $45,020 were extinguished. The exchange agreement required the Company to issue the individual a new warrant to purchase up to 570,000 shares of common stock with a termination date of June 19, 2026 at an exercise price of $0.50 per share without any price protection or dilution provisions in exchange for the extinguishment of the two convertible notes and related accrued interest.

Short-Term Notes Outstanding

On July 7, 2015 and July 15, 2015, the Company borrowed a total of $85,000 from two individuals under convertible notes payable with the conversion rate of $5.60 per share. The original terms of the notes were for a period of 90 days and the notes bore interest at 8% per annum. In connection with the notes, the Company issued warrants for the purchase of a total of 34,000 shares of common stock at $5.60 per share for a period of five years from the date of their issuance. The notes were not paid at maturity and now are in default. The Company is attempting to negotiate a resolution to the default, but there can be no assurance that it will be successful in that regard.

On May 21, 2018 the Company borrowed $13,125 under an unsecured promissory note with a private third lender which is convertible at a rate of $0.50 per share. During June 2019 the Company borrowed an additional $50,500 from this same third-party lender under the same terms. The note is due on demand and bears interest at 8% per annum.

In summary, as of September 30, 2019, the following debt was outstanding: (i) the two promissory notes in the total principal amount of $85,000, which matured in October 2016 and are in default; (ii) the December 2013 Note in the principal amount of $1,000,000, which was due in April 2016 and is in default for which the Company has entered into a term sheet to resolve the default and extinguish the obligation; and (iii) $69,125 convertible promissory note, which is due on demand.

Capital Expenditures

On July 31, 2019 the Company acquired the Option to purchase the Properties. The Company paid the required nonrefundable $50,000 deposit which was required to bind the Option to acquire the Properties for $2.5 million by December 31, 2019 to complete the transaction. There can no assurance that it will be able to obtain the required financing or obtain it on terms favorable to the Company or its shareholders to acquire the Properties for $2.5 million prior to the Option expiration date of December 31, 2019.

The Company is seeking new sources of debt and equity capital to fund the substantial needs enumerated above. The Company is attempting to obtain extensions of the maturity dates for its debt or compromises of the debt. The Company has been successful in restructuring certain obligations that were in default during 2019. However, there can be no assurance that it will be able to obtain additional funding, extensions or restructurings or on what terms.

Due to the uncertainties related to these matters, there exists substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern within one year after the date the financials are issued. The financial statements do not include any adjustments relating to the recoverability and classification of asset carrying amounts or the amount and classification of liabilities that might result should the Company be unable to continue as a going concern.

ITEM 3. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK

(Not Applicable)

ITEM 4. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

Under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our principal executive officer and principal financial officer, we conducted an evaluation of the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures to provide reasonable assurance of achieving the control objectives, as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. Based on their evaluation as of September 30, 2019, the end of the period covered by this quarterly report on Form 10-Q, our principal executive officer and principal financial officer concluded that the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures are not effective in assuring that financial statement presentation and disclosure are in conformity with those which are required to be included in our periodic SEC filings.

Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

There have been no changes in our internal control over financial reporting that occurred during our most recent fiscal quarter that have materially affected or are reasonably likely to materially affect our internal control over financial reporting.

Internal control systems, no matter how well designed and operated, have inherent limitations. Therefore, even a system which is determined to be effective cannot provide absolute assurance that all control issues have been detected or prevented. Our systems of internal controls are designed to provide reasonable assurance with respect to financial statement preparation and presentation.

PART II - OTHER INFORMATION

ITEM 1. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS

The Company is currently involved in litigation as follows:

ITEM 2. UNREGISTERED SALES OF EQUITY SECURITIES AND USE OF PROCEEDS

During the three months ended September 30, 2019, the Company raised $137,500 in cash through a private placement of 1,375,000 shares of common stock. It used the proceeds to pay the $50,000 nonrefundable deposit required for the Option to acquire the Properties and for general working capital purposes.

The Company relied on the exemption provided by Section 4(a)(2) of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and Regulation D thereunder in issuing the shares of Common Stock in the private placement. It paid no commission or other similar compensation in connection with the transactions.

ITEM 3. DEFAULTS UPON SENIOR SECURITIES

The Company is in default regarding various short-term obligations that are unsecured. The Company is pursuing a resolution of these defaults with the holders, including to negotiate extensions, waivers or a new note agreement; however, there can be no assurance that the Company will be successful in that regard.

ITEM 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES

None.

ITEM 5. OTHER INFORMATION

None.

ITEM 6. EXHIBITS

(c) Exhibits.

SIGNATURES

In accordance with the requirements of the Exchange Act, the Registrant caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.