Ameris Bancorp - Annual Report: 2020 (Form 10-K)

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-K

☒ ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2020, or

☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from to .

Commission File Number

001-13901

AMERIS BANCORP

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)


Georgia			58-1456434
(State of incorporation)			(IRS Employer ID No.)

3490 Piedmont Road N.E., Suite 1550, Atlanta, Georgia 30305

(Address of principal executive offices)

(404) 639-6500

(Registrant’s telephone number)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:


Title of each class	Trading Symbol(s)	Name of each exchange on which registered
Common Stock, par value $1 per share	ABCB	Nasdaq Global Select Market

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: None

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act. Yes ☐ No ☒

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§ 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.


Large accelerated filer	☒	Accelerated filer	☐
Non-accelerated filer	☐	Smaller reporting company	☐
		Emerging growth company	☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has filed a report on and attestation to its management’s assessment of the effectiveness of its internal control over financial reporting under Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (15 U.S.C.7262(b)) by the registered public accounting firm that prepared or issued its audit report. ☒

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Securities Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No ☒

As of the last business day of the registrant’s most recently completed second fiscal quarter, the aggregate market value of the voting and non-voting common equity held by nonaffiliates of the registrant was approximately $1.55 billion.

As of February 19, 2021, the registrant had outstanding 69,618,973 shares of common stock, $1.00 par value per share.

DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE

Portions of the registrant’s Proxy Statement for the 2021 Annual Meeting of Shareholders are incorporated into Part III hereof by reference.

AMERIS BANCORP

TABLE OF CONTENTS


		Page
PART I
Item 1.	Business	5
Item 1A.	Risk Factors	17
Item 1B.	Unresolved Staff Comments	27
Item 2.	Properties	27
Item 3.	Legal Proceedings	27
Item 4.	Mine Safety Disclosures	27

PART II
Item 5.	Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities	28
Item 6.	Selected Financial Data	30
Item 7.	Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	32
Item 7A.	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk	59
Item 8.	Financial Statements and Supplementary Data	60
Item 9.	Changes in and Disagreements With Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure	60
Item 9A.	Controls and Procedures	60
Item 9B.	Other Information	60

PART III
Item 10.	Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance	61
Item 11.	Executive Compensation	61
Item 12.	Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters	61
Item 13.	Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence	62
Item 14.	Principal Accounting Fees and Services	62

PART IV
Item 15.	Exhibits, Financial Statement Schedules	62

CAUTIONARY NOTE

REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

This Annual Report on Form 10-K (this “Annual Report”) and the documents incorporated by reference herein may contain certain “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. In some cases, forward-looking statements can be identified by the use of words such as “may,” “might,” “will,” “would,” “should,” “could,” “expect,” “plan,” “intend,” “anticipate,” “believe,” “estimate,” “predict,” “probable,” “potential,” “possible,” “target,” “continue,” “look forward,” or “assume,” and words of similar import. Forward-looking statements are not historical facts but instead express only management’s beliefs regarding future results or events, many of which, by their nature, are inherently uncertain and outside of management’s control. It is possible that actual results and events may differ, possibly materially, from the anticipated results or events indicated in these forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements are not guarantees of future performance, and we caution you not to place undue reliance on these statements.

You should understand that important factors, including, but not limited to, the following, in addition to those described in Part I, Item 1A., “Risk Factors,” and elsewhere in this Annual Report, as well as in the documents which are incorporated by reference into this Annual Report, and those described from time to time in our future reports filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), could cause actual results to differ materially from those expressed in such forward-looking statements:

•the risks of any acquisitions, mergers or divestitures which we may undertake in the future, including, without limitation, the related time and costs of implementing such transactions, integrating operations as part of these transactions and possible failures to achieve expected gains, revenue growth, expense savings and/or other results from such transactions;

•the effects of future economic, business and market conditions and changes, including seasonality;

•legislative and regulatory changes, including changes in banking, securities and tax laws, regulations and policies and their application by our regulators;

•changes in accounting rules, practices and interpretations;

•the risks of changes in interest rates on the levels, composition and costs of deposits, loan demand, and the values and liquidity of loan collateral, securities and interest-sensitive assets and liabilities;

•changes in borrower credit risks and payment behaviors;

•changes in the availability and cost of credit and capital in the financial markets;

•changes in the prices, values and sales volumes of residential and commercial real estate;

•the effects of concentrations in our loan portfolio;

•our ability to resolve nonperforming assets;

•the failure of assumptions and estimates underlying the establishment of reserves for possible credit losses and other estimates and valuations;

•changes in technology or products that may be more difficult, costly or less effective than anticipated;

•uncertainty from the expected discontinuation of the London Inter-Bank Offered Rate ("LIBOR"), and the potential transition away from LIBOR toward a new interest rate benchmark;

•the effects of hurricanes, floods, tornados or other natural disasters, geopolitical events, acts of war or terrorism or other hostilities, public health crises or other catastrophic events beyond our control, including, without limitation, the novel coronavirus ("COVID-19"); and

•adverse effects due to COVID-19 on us, including our business, financial position, liquidity and results of operations, and on our customers, employees and business partners.

Our management believes the forward-looking statements about us are reasonable. However, you should not place undue reliance on them. Any forward-looking statements in this Annual Report and the documents incorporated by reference herein are not guarantees of future performance. They involve risks, uncertainties and assumptions, and actual results, developments and business decisions may differ from those contemplated by those forward-looking statements, and such differences may be material. Many of the factors that will determine these results are beyond our ability to control or predict. We disclaim any duty to update any forward-looking statements, all of which are expressly qualified by the statements in this section.

PART I

As used in this Annual Report, the terms “we,” “us,” “our,” “Ameris” and the “Company” refer to Ameris Bancorp and its subsidiaries (unless the context indicates another meaning).

ITEM 1. BUSINESS

OVERVIEW

We are a financial holding company whose business is conducted primarily through our wholly owned banking subsidiary, Ameris Bank (the “Bank”), which provides a full range of banking services to its retail and commercial customers who are primarily concentrated in select markets in Georgia, Alabama, Florida and South Carolina. The Company’s executive office is located at 3490 Piedmont Road N.E., Suite 1550, Atlanta, Georgia 30305, our telephone number is (404) 639-6500 and our internet address is www.amerisbank.com. We operate 164 full-service domestic banking offices. We do not operate in any foreign countries. At December 31, 2020, we had approximately $20.44 billion in total assets, $15.65 billion in total loans, $16.96 billion in total deposits and $2.65 billion of shareholders’ equity. Our deposits are insured, up to applicable limits, by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (the “FDIC”).

We make our annual reports on Form 10-K, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, current reports on Form 8-K and amendments to those reports filed or furnished pursuant to Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Exchange Act available free of charge on our website at www.amerisbank.com as soon as reasonably practicable after we electronically file such material with the SEC. These reports are also available without charge on the SEC’s website at www.sec.gov.

The Parent Company

Our primary business as a bank holding company is to manage the business and affairs of the Bank. As a bank holding company, we perform certain shareholder and investor relations functions and seek to provide financial support, if necessary, to the Bank.

Ameris Bank

Our principal subsidiary is the Bank, which is headquartered in Atlanta, Georgia and operates branches primarily concentrated in select markets in Georgia, Alabama, Florida, and South Carolina. These branches serve distinct communities in our business areas with autonomy but do so as one bank, leveraging our favorable geographic footprint in an effort to acquire more customers.

Strategy

We seek to increase our presence and grow the “Ameris” brand in the markets that we currently serve in Georgia, Alabama, Florida and South Carolina and in neighboring communities that present attractive opportunities for expansion. Management has pursued this objective through an acquisition-oriented growth strategy and a prudent operating strategy. Our community banking philosophy emphasizes personalized service and building broad and deep customer relationships, which has provided us with a substantial base of low cost core deposits. Our markets are managed by senior level, experienced decision makers in a decentralized structure that differentiates us from our larger competitors. Management believes that this structure, along with involvement in and knowledge of our local markets, will continue to provide growth and assist in managing risk throughout our Company.

We have maintained our focus on a long-term strategy of expanding and diversifying our franchise in terms of revenues, profitability and asset size. Our growth over the past several years has been enhanced significantly by bank acquisitions. We expect to continue to take advantage of the consolidation in the financial services industry and enhance our franchise through future acquisitions. We intend to grow within our existing markets, to branch into or acquire financial institutions in existing markets as well as financial institutions in other markets consistent with our capital availability and management abilities.

Our most recent acquisitions include the following:

•Fidelity Southern Corporation ("Fidelity"), in July 2019, which added $4.0 billion in deposits;

•Hamilton State Bancshares, Inc. ("Hamilton"), in June 2018, which added $1.6 billion in deposits;

•Atlantic Coast Financial Corporation ("Atlantic"), in May 2018, which added $585.2 million in deposits; and

•Jacksonville Bancorp, Inc. ("JAXB"), in March 2016, which added $401.4 million in deposits.

In addition, in January 2018, the Company completed its acquisition of US Premium Finance Holding Company ("USPF"), a provider of commercial insurance premium finance loans.

BANKING SERVICES

Lending Activities

General. The Company maintains a diversified loan portfolio by providing a broad range of commercial and retail lending services to business entities and individuals. We provide agricultural loans, commercial business loans, commercial and residential real estate construction and mortgage loans, consumer loans, revolving lines of credit and letters of credit. The Company also originates first mortgage residential mortgage loans and generally enters into a commitment to sell these loans in the secondary market. We have not made or participated in foreign, energy-related or subprime loans. In addition, the Company does not regularly buy loan participations or portions of national credits but from time to time, may acquire balances subject to participation agreements through acquisition. Less than 1% of the Company’s loan portfolio was loan participations purchased at December 31, 2020.

At December 31, 2020, our loan portfolio totaled approximately $15.65 billion, representing approximately 76.6% of our total assets. For additional discussion of our loan portfolio, see “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations – Loans.”

Commercial Real Estate Loans. This portion of our loan portfolio has grown significantly over the past few years and represents the largest segment of our loan portfolio. These loans are generally extended for acquisition, development or construction of commercial properties. The loans are underwritten with an emphasis on the viability of the project, the borrower’s ability to meet certain minimum debt service requirements and an analysis and review of the collateral and guarantors, if any.

Residential Real Estate Mortgage Loans. Ameris originates adjustable and fixed-rate residential mortgage loans. These mortgage loans are generally originated under terms and conditions consistent with secondary market guidelines. Some of these loans will be placed in the Company’s loan portfolio; however, a majority are sold in the secondary market. The residential real estate mortgage loans that are included in the Company’s loan portfolio are usually owner-occupied and generally amortized over a 20- to 30-year period with three- to five-year maturity or repricing.

Agricultural Loans. Our agricultural loans are extended to finance crop production, the purchase of farm-related equipment or farmland and the operations of dairies, poultry producers, livestock producers and timber growers. Agricultural loans typically involve seasonal balance fluctuations. Although we typically look to an agricultural borrower’s cash flow as the principal source of repayment, agricultural loans are also generally secured by a security interest in the crops or the farm-related equipment and, in some cases, an assignment of crop insurance and mortgage on real estate. The lending officer visits the borrower regularly during the growing season and re-evaluates the loan in light of the borrower’s updated cash flow projections. A portion of our agricultural loans is guaranteed by the Farm Service Agency Guaranteed Loan Program.

Commercial and Industrial Loans. Generally, commercial and industrial loans consist of loans made primarily to manufacturers, wholesalers and retailers of goods, service companies, municipalities and other industries. These loans are made for acquisition, expansion and working capital purposes and may be secured by real estate, accounts receivable, inventory, equipment, personal guarantees or other assets. The Company monitors these loans by requesting submission of corporate and personal financial statements and income tax returns. The Company has also generated loans which are guaranteed by the U.S. Small Business Administration (the “SBA”). SBA loans are generally underwritten in the same manner as conventional loans generated for the Bank’s portfolio. Periodically, a portion of the loans that are secured by the guaranty of the SBA will be sold in the secondary market. Management believes that making such loans helps the local community and also provides Ameris with a source of income and solid future lending relationships as such businesses grow and prosper. During 2020, the Company participated in the SBA's Paycheck Protection Program (the "PPP"), a temporary product under the SBA's 7(a) loan program created under the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act (the "CARES Act"). The primary repayment risk for commercial loans is the failure of the business due to economic or financial factors. During 2016, the Bank purchased a pool of commercial insurance premium finance loans made to borrowers throughout the United States and began a division to originate, administer and service these types of loans.

Consumer Loans. Our consumer loans include home improvement, home equity, motor vehicle, loans secured by savings accounts and small unsecured personal credit lines. The terms of these loans typically range from 12 to 240 months and vary based upon the nature of collateral and size of the loan. These loans are generally secured by various assets owned by the

consumer. In addition, during 2016, the Bank began purchasing consumer installment home improvement loans made to borrowers throughout the United States.

Credit Administration

We have sought to maintain a comprehensive lending policy that meets the credit needs of each of the communities served by the Bank, including low and moderate-income customers, and to employ lending procedures and policies consistent with this approach. All loans are subject to our corporate loan policy, which is reviewed annually and updated as needed. The loan policy provides that lending officers have sole authority to approve loans of various amounts commensurate with their seniority, experience and needs within the market. Our local market presidents have discretion to approve loans in varying principal amounts up to established limits, and our regional credit officers review and approve loans that exceed such limits.

Individual lending authority is assigned by the Company’s Chief Credit Officer, as is the maximum limit of new extensions of credit that may be approved in each market. These approval limits are reviewed annually by the Company and adjusted as needed. All requests for extensions of credit in excess of any of these limits are reviewed by one of nine regional credit officers. When the request for approval exceeds the authority level of the regional credit officer, the approval of the Company’s Chief Credit Officer and/or the Company’s loan committee is required. All new loans or modifications to existing loans in excess of $500,000 are reviewed monthly by the Company’s Credit Administration Department with the lender responsible for the credit. In addition, our ongoing loan review program subjects the portfolio to sampling and objective review by our ongoing internal loan review process which is independent of the originating loan officer.

Each lending officer has authority to make loans only in the market area in which his or her Bank office is located and its contiguous counties. Occasionally, our loan committee will approve making a loan outside of the market areas of the Bank, provided the Bank has a prior relationship with the borrower. Our lending policy requires analysis of the borrower’s projected cash flow and ability to service the debt.

The Bank has purchased loans outside of its market area. These include residential mortgage loan pools collateralized by properties located outside our Southeast markets, specifically in California, Washington and Illinois, consumer installment home improvement loans made to borrowers throughout the United States and commercial insurance premium finance loans made to borrowers throughout the United States. These purchases were reviewed and approved by the Company's loan committee.

We actively market our services to qualified lending customers in both the commercial and consumer sectors. Our commercial lending officers actively solicit the business of new companies entering the market as well as longstanding members of that market’s business community. Through personalized professional service and competitive pricing, we have been successful in attracting new commercial lending customers. At the same time, we actively advertise our consumer loan products and continually seek to make our lending officers more accessible.

The Bank continually monitors its loan portfolio to identify areas of concern and to enable management to take corrective action when necessary. Local market presidents and lending officers meet periodically to review all past due loans, the status of large loans and certain other credit or economic related matters. Individual lending officers are responsible for collection of past due amounts and monitoring any changes in the financial status of the borrowers. Loans that are serviced by others, such as certain residential mortgage loans and consumer installment home improvement loans, are monitored by the Company’s credit officers, although ultimate collection of past due amounts is the responsibility of the servicing agents.

Investment Activities

Our investment policy is designed to maximize income from funds not needed to meet loan demand in a manner consistent with appropriate liquidity and risk management objectives. Under this policy, our Company may invest in federal, state and municipal obligations, corporate obligations, public housing authority bonds, industrial development revenue bonds, securities issued by Government-Sponsored Enterprises (“GSEs”) and satisfactorily-rated trust preferred obligations. Investments in our portfolio must satisfy certain quality criteria. Our Company’s investments must be “investment-grade” as determined by a nationally recognized investment rating service. Investment securities where the Company has determined a certain level of credit risk are periodically reviewed to determine the financial condition of the issuer and to support the Company’s decision to continue holding the security. Our Company may purchase non-rated municipal bonds only if the issuer of such bonds is located in the Company’s general market area and such bonds are determined by the Company to have a credit risk no greater than the minimum ratings referred to above. Industrial development authority bonds, which normally are not rated, are purchased only if the issuer is located in the Company’s market area and if the bonds are considered to possess a high degree of

credit soundness. Traditionally, the Company has purchased and held investment securities with very high levels of credit quality, favoring investments backed by direct or indirect guarantees of the U.S. government.

While our investment policy permits our Company to trade securities to improve the quality of yields or marketability or to realign the composition of the portfolio, the Bank historically has not done so to any significant extent.

Our investment committee implements the investment policy and portfolio strategies and monitors the portfolio. Reports on all purchases, sales, net profits or losses and market appreciation or depreciation of the bond portfolio are reviewed by our Board of Directors each quarter. The written investment policy is reviewed annually by the Company’s Board of Directors and updated as needed.

The Company’s securities are held in safekeeping accounts at approved correspondent banks.

Deposits

The Company provides a full range of deposit accounts and services to both retail and commercial customers. These deposit accounts have a variety of interest rates and terms and consist of interest-bearing and noninterest-bearing accounts, including commercial and retail checking accounts, regular interest-bearing savings accounts, money market accounts, individual retirement accounts and certificates of deposit. Our Bank obtains most of its deposits from individuals and businesses in its market areas.

Brokered deposits are deposits obtained by utilizing an outside broker that is paid a fee. The Bank utilizes brokered deposits to accomplish several purposes, such as (i) acquiring a certain maturity and dollar amount without repricing the Bank’s current customers which could increase or decrease the overall cost of deposits and (ii) acquiring certain maturities and dollar amounts to help manage interest rate risk.

Other Funding Sources

The Federal Home Loan Bank (“FHLB”) allows the Company to obtain advances through its credit program. These advances are secured by securities owned by the Company and held in safekeeping by the FHLB, FHLB stock owned by the Company and certain qualifying loans secured by real estate, including residential mortgage loans, home equity lines of credit and commercial real estate loans. The Company maintains credit arrangements with various other financial institutions to purchase federal funds. The Company participates in the Federal Reserve discount window borrowings program.

On September 28, 2020, the Company completed the public offering and sale of $110.0 million in aggregate principal amount of its 3.875% Fixed-To-Floating Rate Subordinated Notes due 2030. The subordinated notes were sold to the public at par. The subordinated notes will mature on October 1, 2030 and through September 30, 2025 will bear a fixed rate of interest of 3.875% per annum. Beginning October 1, 2025, the interest rate on the subordinated notes resets quarterly to a floating rate per annum equal to the then-current three-month SOFR plus 3.753%.

On December 6, 2019, the Company completed the public offering and sale of $120.0 million in aggregate principal amount of its 4.25% Fixed-To-Floating Rate Subordinated Notes due 2029. The subordinated notes were sold to the public at par. The subordinated notes will mature on December 15, 2029 and through December 14, 2024 will bear a fixed rate of interest of 4.25% per annum. Beginning December 15, 2024, the interest rate on the subordinated notes resets quarterly to a floating rate per annum equal to the then-current three-month SOFR plus 2.94%.

On March 13, 2017, the Company completed the public offering and sale of $75.0 million in aggregate principal amount of its 5.75% Fixed-To-Floating Rate Subordinated Notes due 2027. The subordinated notes were sold to the public at par. The subordinated notes will mature on March 15, 2027 and through March 14, 2022 will bear a fixed rate of interest of 5.75% per annum. Beginning March 15, 2022, the interest rate on the subordinated notes resets quarterly to a floating rate per annum equal to the then-current three-month LIBOR plus 3.616%.

The Company has long-term subordinated deferrable interest debentures with a net book carrying value of $124.3 million as of December 31, 2020. The majority of these trust preferred securities were assumed as liabilities in previous whole bank acquisitions.

The Company also enters into repurchase agreements. These repurchase agreements are treated as short-term borrowings and are reflected on the Company’s balance sheet as such.

Use of Derivatives

The Company seeks to provide stable net interest income despite changes in interest rates. In its review of interest rate risk, the Company considers the use of derivatives to protect interest income on loans or to create a structure in institutional borrowings that limits the Company’s cost. During 2019 and through its maturity in September 2020, the Company had an interest rate swap with a notional amount of $37.1 million for the purpose of converting from a variable to a fixed interest rate on certain junior subordinated debentures on the Company’s balance sheet. The interest rate swap, which was classified as a cash flow hedge, was indexed to 90-day LIBOR.

MARKET AREAS AND COMPETITION

The banking industry in general, and in the southeastern United States specifically, is highly competitive and dramatic changes continue to occur throughout the industry. While our select market areas in Georgia, Alabama, Florida and South Carolina have experienced strong population growth over the past 20 to 30 years, intense market demands, national and local economic pressures, including a low interest rate environment, and increased customer awareness of product and service differences among financial institutions have forced banks to diversify their services and become much more cost effective. Over the past few years, our Bank has faced strong competition in attracting deposits at profitable levels. Competition for deposits comes from other commercial banks, thrift institutions, savings banks, internet banks, credit unions, and brokerage and investment banking firms. Interest rates, online banking capabilities, convenience of office locations and marketing are all significant factors in our Bank’s competition for deposits.

Competition for loans comes from other commercial banks, thrift institutions, savings banks, insurance companies, consumer finance companies, credit unions, mortgage companies, leasing companies and other institutional lenders. In order to remain competitive, our Bank has varied interest rates and loan fees to some degree as well as increased the number and complexity of services provided. We have not varied or altered our underwriting standards in any material respect in response to competitor willingness to do so and in some markets have not been able to experience the growth in loans that we would have preferred. Competition is affected by the general availability of lendable funds, general and local economic conditions, current interest rate levels and other factors that are not readily predictable.

Competition among providers of financial products and services continues to increase with consumers having the opportunity to select from a growing variety of traditional and nontraditional alternatives. The industry continues to consolidate, which affects competition by eliminating some regional and local institutions, while strengthening the franchise of acquirers. Management expects that competition will become more intense in the future due to changes in state and federal laws and regulations and the entry of additional bank and nonbank competitors. See “Supervision and Regulation” under this Item.

HUMAN CAPITAL

At Ameris, we consider our teammates to be our greatest strength. At December 31, 2020, the Company employed 2,671 full-time-equivalent employees, primarily located in our core markets of Georgia, Alabama, Florida and South Carolina.

We take pride in listening to our employees, welcoming unique perspectives, supporting personal and professional growth and developing natural strengths. For example, each year the Company administers an employee engagement survey to gather meaningful insights and data, which is used as we continue to make improvements at Ameris and build upon our strong culture. The input obtained from these surveys helps the Company’s Board of Directors and executive officers to execute on initiatives such as the Ameris Bank Foundation, leadership training and diversity and inclusion initiatives. Our 2020 employee engagement survey revealed that, among other things, 92% of respondents feel that they can make a difference in the success of the Company and 96% of respondents have a clear understanding of what is expected of them in their position.

Effective and frequent communication is critical to supporting our growing culture and teammate needs and is carried out through regular e-newsletters, executive announcements and bulletins, which provide access to information regarding Company news, alerts and updates, as well as educational opportunities and programs.

Support and Benefits

Providing employees with meaningful, competitive and supportive benefits to care for their lives and families is a top priority for the Company. We’re proud to offer a comprehensive benefits package that includes medical, dental, vision and life insurance, paid time-off, 401(k) profit-sharing plan participation and an employee stock purchase plan. The Company’s 401(k) plan matches 50% of each employee’s elective deferral amount, up to the first 6% of the contribution.

The Company’s benefits programs also include access to a network of nearby providers with options for either in-person care or virtual visits at any time. Our behavioral health benefit offers support for such issues as alcohol and drug use recovery, medication management, coping with grief and loss, and depression, anxiety and stress management.

Personal and Professional Growth

At Ameris, our leaders develop action plans and provide mentorship to help employees reach their aspirations. Our teammates are encouraged to share their goals and dreams, and we take pride in offering professional growth opportunities through our robust learning and development initiatives.

Mentorship at all levels is encouraged throughout our organization, as it supports our culture of learning and commitment to our teammates, new ideas and leadership development. Mentor Ameris is the Bank’s formal mentorship program, whereby annually, high potential colleagues are identified as mentees and paired with a selected mentor at the Bank. The program is a nine-month commitment that is designed to encourage a lifelong mentee-mentor relationship.

Launched at the end of 2020, our Leadership Development Program is a self-paced, three-tiered program available to all employees, with coursework specific to leading self, leading others and leading leaders. We believe that effective and meaningful leadership development will further elevate the Company and support us in continuing to attract and retain top talent.

The development of our employees’ skills and knowledge is critical to the success of the Company. Our educational assistance program, which provides for reimbursement of certain education expenses up to $5,250, encourages personal development through formal education, such as a degree, licensing or certification, so that teammates can maintain and improve their skills or knowledge related to their current job or foreseeable-future position at Ameris. The importance of having career development discussions and guidance with employees is shared and reinforced during manager training sessions as well, as the Company recognizes these discussions are critical to establishing pathways for career growth.

Diversity and Inclusion

Diversity, equity and inclusion represent an integral part of our strategic vision at Ameris. The Company is committed to fostering an equitable work environment that seeks to ensure fair treatment, equality of opportunity, and fairness in access to information and resources for all employees. We believe this is only possible in an environment built on respect and equal dignity, and we believe inclusion builds a culture of belonging by actively inviting the contribution and participation of all people.

As part of that commitment, the Bank appointed its first Diversity and Inclusion Officer in 2020 and established a Diversity Task Force comprised of a diverse group of 13 teammates from across the Company. This group is dedicated to cultivating an environment that supports our strategy to engage, recruit, develop, retain and advance a diverse team of talent, inclusively and equitably. Leaders from this group have established employee resource groups which are meant to bring teammates together from across the Company and offer strong networking opportunities and a forum to listen and to discuss and sponsor programs, activities and empowering resources that foster diversity and inclusion education and awareness. Employee resource groups currently include women in banking, LGBTQIA+, veterans, BIPOC (Black, Indigenous and People of Color), multigenerational, caregivers and mindfulness-mental health.

As of December 31, 2020, females represent 69% of the Company’s employee population, and minorities represent 29%. In addition, females represent 43% of the Company’s senior management staff, consisting of Vice Presidents and above, and minorities represent 14%.

SUPERVISION AND REGULATION

General

We are extensively regulated, supervised and examined under federal and state law. Generally, these laws and regulations are intended to protect our Bank’s depositors, the FDIC’s Deposit Insurance Fund (the “DIF”) and the broader banking system, and not our shareholders. These laws and regulations cover all aspects of our business, including lending and collection practices, treatment of our customers, safeguarding deposits, customer privacy and information security, capital structure, liquidity, dividends and other capital distributions, and transactions with affiliates. Such laws and regulations directly and indirectly affect key drivers of our profitability, including, for example, capital and liquidity, product offerings, risk management and costs of compliance. In addition, changes to these laws and regulations, including as a result of the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act (the “Dodd-Frank Act”) and regulations promulgated thereunder, have had, and may continue to have, a significant impact on our business, results of operations and financial condition. As a result, the extensive laws and regulations to which we are subject and with which we must comply significantly impact our earnings, results of operations, financial condition and competitive position.

Set forth below is a summary of certain provisions of key federal and state laws that affect the regulation of bank holding companies and banks. The discussion is qualified in its entirety by reference to applicable laws and regulations. Changes in such laws and regulations may have a material effect on our business and prospects.

Supervision and Examination Authorities

As a bank holding company and financial holding company, Ameris is subject to regulation, supervision and enforcement by the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (the “Federal Reserve”). Our Bank has a Georgia state charter and is subject to regulation, supervision and enforcement by the Georgia Department of Banking and Finance (the “GDBF”). In addition, as a state non-member bank, the Bank is subject to regulation, supervision and enforcement by the FDIC as the Bank’s primary federal regulator. The Federal Reserve, the FDIC and the GDBF regularly examine the operations of the Company and the Bank and are given the authority to approve or disapprove mergers, consolidations, the establishment of branches and similar corporate actions. These agencies also have the power to prevent the continuance or development of unsafe or unsound banking practices or other violations of law.

In addition, the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau supervises the Bank with respect to consumer protection laws and regulations.

Federal Law Restrictions on the Company’s Activities and Investments

As a registered bank holding company, we are subject to regulation under the Bank Holding Company Act (the “BHCA”) and to the supervision, examination and reporting requirements of the Federal Reserve.

The BHCA and its implementing regulations prohibit bank holding companies from engaging in certain transactions without the prior approval of the Federal Reserve, including (i) acquiring direct or indirect control of more than 5% of the voting shares of any bank or bank holding company, (ii) acquiring all or substantially all of the assets of any bank and (iii) merging or consolidating with any other bank holding company. In determining whether to approve such a transaction, the Federal Reserve is required to consider a variety of factors, including the competitive impact of the transaction; the financial condition, managerial resources and future prospects of the bank holding companies and banks involved; the convenience and needs of the communities to be served, including the applicant’s record of performance under the Community Reinvestment Act; and the effectiveness of the parties in combating money laundering activities. The Bank Merger Act imposes similar review and approval requirements in connection with acquisitions and mergers involving banks. Additionally, under the Change in Bank Control Act and the BHCA, a person or company that acquires control of a bank holding company or bank must obtain the non-objection or approval of the Federal Reserve in advance of the acquisition. For a publicly-traded bank holding company such as Ameris, control for purposes of the Change in Bank Control Act is presumed to exist if the acquirer will have 10% or more of any class of the company’s voting securities.

The BHCA generally prohibits a bank holding company and its subsidiaries from engaging in, or acquiring control of a company engaged in, activities other than managing or controlling banks, activities that the Federal Reserve has determined to be closely related to banking and certain other permissible nonbanking activities. However, a bank holding company that is qualified and has elected to be a financial holding company may engage in, or acquire control of a company engaged in, an expanded set of financial activities. Effective August 24, 2000, Ameris has elected to be a financial holding company. As such, we may engage in activities that are financial in nature or incidental or complementary to financial activities, including

insurance underwriting, securities underwriting and dealing, and making merchant banking investments in commercial and financial companies, provided that we and the Bank continue to meet certain regulatory standards and comply with applicable regulatory notice requirements. If we or the Bank ceased to be “well capitalized” or “well managed” under applicable regulatory standards, or if the Bank received a rating of less than Satisfactory under the Community Reinvestment Act, our ability to conduct these broader financial activities would be limited.

A provision of the BHCA known as the Volcker Rule limits our and the Bank’s ability to engage in proprietary trading (i.e., engaging as principal in any purchase or sale of one or more financial instruments) or to acquire or retain as principal any ownership interest in or sponsor a covered fund, including private equity and hedge funds.

Source of Strength

As a bank holding company, we are expected to act as a source of financial strength for the Bank and to commit resources to support the Bank. This support may be required at times when we might not be inclined to provide it. In addition, any capital loans made by us to the Bank will be repaid only after the Bank’s deposits and various other obligations are repaid in full.

Payment of Dividends and Other Restrictions

Ameris is a legal entity separate and distinct from its subsidiaries. The principal source of our cash revenues is dividends from the Bank. Federal and state law limit the Bank’s ability to pay dividends to Ameris.

Under Georgia law, the prior approval of the GDBF is required before any cash dividends may be paid by a state bank if: (i) total classified assets at the most recent examination of such bank exceed 80% of the bank’s Tier 1 capital (plus allowance for loan losses); (ii) the aggregate amount of dividends declared or anticipated to be declared by the bank in the calendar year exceeds 50% of its net profits for the previous calendar year; or (iii) the ratio of the bank’s Tier 1 capital to adjusted total assets is less than 6%. As of December 31, 2020, there was approximately $142.1 million of retained earnings of our Bank available for payment of cash dividends under applicable regulations without obtaining regulatory approval.

Under federal law, the ability of an insured depository institution such as the Bank to pay dividends or other distributions is restricted or prohibited if (i) the institution would fail to satisfy the regulatory capital conservation buffer requirement following the distribution, (ii) the distribution would cause the institution to become undercapitalized or (iii) the institution is in default of its payment of deposit insurance assessments to the FDIC. In addition, the FDIC has the authority to prohibit the Bank from engaging in an unsafe or unsound banking practice. The payment of dividends could, depending upon the financial condition of the Bank, be deemed to constitute an unsafe or unsound practice in conducting the Bank’s business.

As a bank holding company, dividends paid by Ameris to its shareholders are subject to federal law limitations. The Federal Reserve has adopted the policy that a bank holding company should pay cash dividends only to the extent that the company’s net income for the past year is sufficient to cover the cash dividends and that the company’s rate of earning retention is consistent with the company’s capital needs, asset quality and overall financial condition. In addition, a bank holding company is required to consult with or notify the Federal Reserve prior to purchasing or redeeming its outstanding equity securities in certain circumstances, including if the gross consideration for the purchase or redemption, when aggregated with the net consideration paid by the company for all such purchases or redemptions during the preceding 12 months, is equal to 10% or more of the company's consolidated net worth. A bank holding company that is well-capitalized, well-managed and not the subject of any unresolved supervisory issues is exempt from this notice requirement.

Capital Adequacy

Bank holding companies and banks are required to maintain minimum regulatory capital ratios imposed under both federal and state law. The Federal Reserve and the FDIC, the primary regulators of Ameris and the Bank, respectively, have adopted substantially similar regulatory capital frameworks, which use both risk-based and leverage-based measures of capital adequacy. Under these frameworks, Ameris and the Bank must each maintain a common equity Tier 1 capital to total risk-weighted assets ratio of at least 4.5%, a Tier 1 capital to total risk-weighted assets ratio of at least 6%, a total capital to total risk-weighted assets ratio of at least 8% and a leverage ratio of Tier 1 capital to average total consolidated assets of at least 4%. Ameris and the Bank are also required to maintain a capital conservation buffer of common equity Tier 1 capital of at least 2.5% of risk-weighted assets in addition to the minimum risk-based capital ratios in order to avoid certain restrictions on capital distributions and discretionary bonus payments.

Under the capital rules, common equity Tier 1 capital generally includes certain common stock instruments (plus any related surplus), retained earnings and certain minority interests in consolidated subsidiaries (subject to certain limitations). Additional

Tier 1 capital generally includes noncumulative perpetual preferred stock (plus any related surplus) and certain minority interests in consolidated subsidiaries (subject to certain limitations). Tier 2 capital generally includes certain subordinated debt (plus related surplus), certain minority interests in consolidated subsidiaries (subject to certain limitations) and a portion of the allowance for credit losses (“ACL”). Common equity tier 1 capital, additional Tier 1 capital and Tier 2 capital are each subject to various regulatory deductions and adjustments. In general, the risk-based capital standards are designed to make regulatory capital requirements sensitive to differences in risk profile by risk weighting assets and off-balance-sheet exposures based on risk categories.

Failure to meet these capital requirements could subject Ameris and the Bank to a variety of enforcement actions, including the issuance of a capital directive, the termination of deposit insurance by the FDIC and certain other restrictions on our business.

In addition, under the FDIC’s “prompt corrective action” framework, the FDIC may impose various restrictions, including limitations on growth and the payment of dividends, if the Bank becomes undercapitalized. Under this framework, the Bank is considered to be “well capitalized” if it has a common equity Tier 1 risk-based capital ratio of 6.5% or greater, a Tier 1 risk-based capital ratio of 8% or greater, a total risk-based capital ratio of 10% or greater and a leverage ratio of 5% or greater, and is not subject to any order or written directive by the appropriate regulatory authority to meet and maintain a specific capital level for any capital measure.

The Federal Deposit Insurance Act prohibits an insured bank from accepting brokered deposits or offering interest rates on any deposits significantly higher than the prevailing rate in the bank’s normal market area or nationally (depending upon where the deposits are solicited) unless it is “well-capitalized,” or is “adequately capitalized” and has received a waiver from the FDIC. A bank that is “adequately capitalized” and that accepts brokered deposits under a waiver from the FDIC may not pay an interest rate on any deposit in excess of 75 basis points over certain prevailing market rates. There are no such restrictions on a bank that is “well-capitalized.”

At December 31, 2020, the Company exceeded its minimum capital requirements, inclusive of the capital conservation buffer, on a consolidated basis with common equity Tier 1 capital, Tier 1 capital and total capital equal to 11.14%, 11.14% and 15.27% of its total risk-weighted assets, respectively, and a Tier 1 leverage ratio of 8.99%. At December 31, 2020, the Bank exceeded its minimum capital requirements, inclusive of the capital conservation buffer, with common equity Tier 1 capital, Tier 1 capital and total capital equal to 12.87%, 12.87% and 14.19% of its total risk-weighted assets, respectively, and a Tier 1 leverage ratio of 10.39%, and was “well-capitalized” for prompt corrective action purposes based on the ratios and guidelines described above.

Under a December 2018 final rule, banking organizations may elect to phase in the regulatory capital effects of the current expected credit losses (“CECL”) model, the new accounting standard for credit losses, over three years. On March 27, 2020, the CARES Act was signed into law and includes a provision that permits financial institutions to defer temporarily the use of CECL. In a related action, the joint federal bank regulatory agencies issued an interim final rule effective March 31, 2020 that allows banking organizations that implemented CECL in 2020 to elect to mitigate the effects of the CECL accounting standard on their regulatory capital for two years. This two-year delay is in addition to the three-year transition period that the agencies had already made available in December 2018. Ameris and the Bank have elected to defer the regulatory capital effects of CECL in accordance with the interim final rule and not to apply the deferral of CECL available under the CARES Act. As a result, the effects of CECL on Ameris’s and the Bank’s regulatory capital will be delayed through the year 2021, after which the effects will be phased-in over a three-year period from January 1, 2022 through December 31, 2024. Under the March 31, 2020 interim final rule, the amount of adjustments to regulatory capital deferred until the phase-in period includes both the initial impact of a banking organization’s adoption of CECL at January 1, 2020 and 25% of subsequent changes in its allowance for credit losses during each quarter of the two-year period ended December 31, 2021.

Transactions with Affiliates and Insiders, Tying Arrangements and Lending Limits

The Bank is subject to certain restrictions in its dealings with Ameris and its affiliates. Transactions between banks and any affiliate are governed by Sections 23A and 23B of the Federal Reserve Act. An affiliate of a bank typically is any company or entity that controls or is under common control with the bank, including the bank’s parent holding company and non-bank subsidiaries of that holding company. Some but not all subsidiaries of a bank may be exempt from the definition of an affiliate. Generally, Sections 23A and 23B (i) limit the extent to which the bank or its subsidiaries may engage in “covered transactions” with any one affiliate to an amount equal to 10% of the bank’s capital stock and surplus, and limit the aggregate of all such transactions with all affiliates to an amount equal to 20% of such capital stock and surplus, and (ii) require that all such transactions be on terms substantially the same, or at least as favorable to the bank or subsidiary, as those that would be provided to a non-affiliate. The term “covered transaction” includes the making of a loan to an affiliate, the purchase of assets

from an affiliate, the issuance of a guarantee on behalf of an affiliate and several other types of transactions. Extensions of credit to an affiliate usually must be over-collateralized.

Under section 22 of the Federal Reserve Act, as implemented by the Federal Reserve’s Regulation O, restrictions also apply to extensions of credit by a bank to its executive officers, directors, principal shareholders, and their related interests, and to similar individuals at the holding company or affiliates. In general, such extensions of credit (i) may not exceed certain dollar limitations, (ii) must be made on substantially the same terms, including interest rates and collateral, as those prevailing at the time for comparable transactions with third parties and (iii) must not involve more than the normal risk of repayment or present other unfavorable features. Certain extensions of credit to these insiders also require the approval of the bank’s board of directors. Additionally, the Federal Deposit Insurance Act and Georgia law limit asset sales and purchases between a bank and its insiders.

Under anti-tying rules of federal law, a bank may not extend credit, lease, sell property or furnish any service or fix or vary the consideration for them on the condition that (i) the customer obtain or provide some additional credit, property or service from or to the bank or its holding company or their subsidiaries (other than those related to and usually provided in connection with a loan, discount, deposit or trust service) or (ii) the customer not obtain some other credit, property or service from a competitor, except to the extent reasonable conditions are imposed to assure the soundness of the credit extended. The federal banking agencies have, however, allowed banks to offer combined-balance products and otherwise to offer more favorable terms if a customer obtains two or more traditional bank products. The law authorizes the Federal Reserve to grant additional exceptions by regulation or order.

Under Georgia law, a state bank is generally prohibited from making loans, having obligations or having credit exposure as a counterparty in a derivative transaction to any one borrower in an amount exceeding 15% of the bank’s statutory capital base, or 25% of the bank’s statutory capital base if the entire amount is secured by good collateral or other ample security (as defined by law).

Reserves

Pursuant to regulations of the Federal Reserve, an insured depository institution must maintain reserves against its transaction accounts. Because required reserves generally must be maintained in the form of vault cash, with a pass-through correspondent bank, or in the institution’s account at a Federal Reserve Bank, the effect of the reserve requirement may be to reduce the amount of an institution’s assets available for lending or investment. During 2020, in response to the COVID-19 pandemic, the Federal Reserve reduced all reserve requirement ratios to zero. The Federal Reserve indicated that it may adjust reserve requirement ratios in the future if conditions warrant.

FDIC Insurance Assessments

The Bank’s deposits are insured to the maximum extent permitted by the DIF. The Bank is required to pay quarterly premiums, known as assessments, for this deposit insurance coverage. The FDIC uses a risk-based assessment system that imposes insurance premiums as determined by multiplying an insured bank’s assessment base by its assessment rate. A bank’s deposit insurance assessment base is generally equal to its total assets minus its average tangible equity during the assessment period. The Bank’s regular assessments are determined within a range of base assessment rates based in part on the Bank’s CAMELS composite rating, taking into account other factors and adjustments. The CAMELS rating system is a supervisory rating system developed to classify a bank’s overall condition by taking into account capital adequacy, assets, management capability, earnings, liquidity and sensitivity to market and interest rate risk. The methodology that the FDIC uses to calculate assessment amounts is also based on the FDIC’s designated reserve ratio, which is currently 2%. Under the current methodology, the Bank’s assessment rates are based on an initial base assessment rate of 3 to 30 cents per $100 of insured deposits, subject to certain adjustments, and may range from 1.5 to 40 cents after applying adjustments.

The FDIC may terminate the deposit insurance of any insured depository institution, including the Bank, if the FDIC determines after a hearing that the institution has engaged or is engaging in unsafe or unsound banking practices, is in an unsafe or unsound condition to continue operations or has violated any applicable law, regulation or order or any condition imposed by an agreement with the FDIC. The FDIC also may suspend deposit insurance temporarily during the hearing process for the permanent termination of insurance if the institution has no tangible capital. Management is not aware of any existing circumstances that would result in termination of the Bank’s deposit insurance.

Branching

The Bank has branch offices in Alabama, Florida, Georgia and South Carolina. Current federal law authorizes interstate acquisitions of banks and bank holding companies without geographic limitation, so long as the acquirer satisfies certain conditions, including that it is “well capitalized” and “well managed.” Furthermore, a “well capitalized” and “well managed” bank with its main office in one state is generally authorized to merge with a bank with its main office in another state, subject to certain deposit-percentage limitations, aging requirements and other restrictions. After a bank has established branches in a state through an interstate merger transaction, the bank may establish and acquire additional branches at any location in the state where a bank headquartered in that state could have established or acquired branches under applicable federal or state law.

Community Reinvestment Act

The Community Reinvestment Act (the “CRA”) requires federal bank regulatory agencies to encourage financial institutions to meet the credit needs of low- and moderate-income borrowers in their local communities. The agencies periodically examine the CRA performance of each of the institutions for which they are the primary federal regulator and assign one of four ratings: Outstanding; Satisfactory; Needs to Improve; or Substantial Noncompliance. In order for an insured depository institution and its parent holding company to take advantage of certain regulatory benefits, such as expedited processing of applications and the ability of the holding company to engage in new financial activities, the insured depository institution must maintain a rating of Outstanding or Satisfactory. An institution’s size and business strategy determines the type of examination that it will receive. The FDIC evaluates the Bank as a large, retail-oriented institution and applies performance-based lending, investment and service tests. In its most recent CRA evaluation, as of August 26, 2019, the Bank was rated Satisfactory under the CRA.

Debit Interchange Fee Limitations

Under the Durbin Amendment to the Dodd-Frank Act and the Federal Reserve’s implementing regulations, the debit card interchange fee that the Bank charges merchants must be reasonable and proportional to the cost of clearing the transaction. The maximum permissible interchange fee is capped at the sum of $0.21 plus five basis points of the transaction value for many types of debit interchange transactions. The Bank may also recover $0.01 per transaction for fraud prevention purposes if it complies with certain fraud-related requirements. The Federal Reserve also has established rules governing routing and exclusivity that require debit card issuers to offer two unaffiliated networks for routing transactions on each debit or prepaid product.

Consumer Protection Laws

The Bank is subject to a number of federal and state laws designed to protect customers and promote lending to various sectors of the economy and population. These consumer protection laws apply to a broad range of our activities and to various aspects of our business, and include laws relating to interest rates, fair lending, disclosures of credit terms and estimated transaction costs to consumer borrowers, debt collection practices, the use of and the provision of information to consumer reporting agencies, and the prohibition of unfair, deceptive or abusive acts or practices in connection with the offer, sale or provision of consumer financial products and services. These laws include the Equal Credit Opportunity Act, the Fair Credit Reporting Act, the Truth in Lending Act, the Home Mortgage Disclosure Act, the Real Estate Settlement Procedures Act and the Fair Debt Collection Practices Act, as well as their state law counterparts. At the federal level, most consumer financial protection laws are administered by the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (the “CFPB”), which supervises the Bank. Among other things, the CFPB has promulgated many mortgage-related rules, including rules related to the ability to repay and qualified mortgage standards, mortgage servicing standards, loan originator compensation standards, high-cost mortgage requirements, Home Mortgage Disclosure Act requirements and appraisal and escrow standards for higher priced mortgages. The mortgage-related final rules issued by the CFPB have materially restructured the origination, servicing and securitization of residential mortgages in the United States, and have imposed significant compliance obligations and costs on mortgage lenders, including the Bank.

Violations of applicable consumer protection laws can result in significant potential liability, including actual damages, restitution and injunctive relief, from litigation brought by customers, state attorneys general and other plaintiffs, as well as enforcement actions by banking regulators and reputational harm.

Financial Privacy and Cybersecurity

Under the Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act, a financial institution must provide to its customers, at the inception of the customer relationship and annually thereafter, the institution’s policies and procedures regarding the handling of customers’ nonpublic personal financial information. The Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act also provides that, with certain limited exceptions, an institution may not provide such personal information to unaffiliated third parties unless the institution discloses to the customer that such

information may be so provided and the customer is given the opportunity to opt out of such disclosure. Federal law makes it a criminal offense, except in limited circumstances, to obtain or attempt to obtain customer information of a financial nature by fraudulent or deceptive means.

The federal banking agencies pay close attention to the cybersecurity practices of banks, and the agencies include review of an institution’s information technology and its ability to thwart cyberattacks in their examinations. An institution’s failure to have adequate cybersecurity safeguards in place can result in supervisory criticism, monetary penalties and reputational harm.

Anti-Money Laundering and Sanctions Compliance

The Bank Secrecy Act, the USA PATRIOT Act of 2001 and other federal laws and regulations require financial institutions, among other things, to institute and maintain an effective anti-money laundering (“AML”) program. Under these laws and regulations, the Bank is required to take steps to prevent the use of the Bank to facilitate the flow of illegal or illicit money, to report large currency transactions and to file suspicious activity reports. In addition, the Bank is required to develop and implement a comprehensive AML compliance program, as well as have in place appropriate “know your customer” policies and procedures.

The federal Financial Crimes Enforcement Network of the Department of the Treasury, in addition to other bank regulatory agencies, is authorized to impose significant civil money penalties for violations of these requirements and has recently engaged in coordinated enforcement efforts with state and federal banking regulators, in addition to the U.S. Department of Justice, the CFPB, the Drug Enforcement Administration and the Internal Revenue Service. Violations of AML requirements can also lead to criminal penalties. In addition, the federal banking agencies are required to consider the effectiveness of a financial institution’s AML activities when reviewing proposed bank mergers and bank holding company acquisitions.

The Office of Foreign Assets Control (“OFAC”) is responsible for administering economic sanctions that affect transactions with designated foreign countries, foreign nationals and others, as defined by various Executive Orders and in various pieces of legislation. OFAC publishes lists of persons, organizations and countries suspected of aiding, harboring or engaging in terrorist acts. If we or the Bank find a name on any transaction, account or wire transfer that is on an OFAC list, we or the Bank must freeze or block such account or transaction, file a suspicious activity report and notify the appropriate authorities. Failure to comply with these sanctions could have serious legal and reputational consequences.

We and the Bank maintain policies, procedures and other internal controls designed to comply with these AML requirements and sanctions programs.

Federal Home Loan Bank System

Our Company has a correspondent relationship with the Federal Home Loan Bank (“FHLB”) of Atlanta, which is one of 12 regional FHLBs that administer the home financing credit function of banking institutions. Each FHLB is funded primarily from proceeds derived from the sale of consolidated obligations of the FHLB system and makes advances to members in accordance with policies and procedures established by the Board of Directors of the FHLB and subject to the oversight of the Federal Housing Finance Agency. All advances from an FHLB are required to be fully secured by sufficient collateral as determined by the FHLB. In addition, all long-term advances are required to provide funds for residential home financing.

The FHLB of Atlanta offers certain services to our Company, such as processing checks and other items, buying and selling federal funds, handling money transfers and exchanges, shipping coin and currency, providing security and safekeeping of funds or other valuable items, and furnishing limited management information and advice. As compensation for these services, our Company maintains certain balances with the FHLB of Atlanta in interest-bearing accounts.

Real Estate Lending Evaluations

The federal regulators have adopted uniform standards for evaluations of loans secured by real estate or made to finance improvements to real estate. Banks are required to establish and maintain written internal real estate lending policies consistent with safe and sound banking practices, and appropriate to the size of the institution and the nature and scope of its operations. The regulations establish loan-to-value ratio limitations on real estate loans. Our Company’s loan policies establish limits on loan-to-value ratios that are equal to or less than those established in such regulations.

Commercial Real Estate Concentrations

Under guidance issued by the federal banking regulators, a financial institution will be considered to have a significant commercial real estate (“CRE”) concentration risk, and will be subject to enhanced supervisory expectations to manage that

risk, if (i) total reported loans for construction, land development and other land (“C&D”) represent 100% or more of the institution’s total capital or (ii) total CRE loans represent 300% or more of the institution’s total capital and the outstanding balance of the institution’s CRE loan portfolio has increased by 50% or more during the prior 36 months.

As of December 31, 2020, our C&D concentration as a percentage of capital totaled 74.2% and our CRE concentration, net of owner-occupied loans, as a percentage of capital totaled 240.8%.

Relief Measures Under the CARES Act

Congress, various federal agencies and state governments have taken measures to address the economic and social consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic, including the enactment on March 27, 2020 of the CARES Act, which, among other things, established various initiatives to protect individuals, businesses and local economies in an effort to lessen the impact of the pandemic on consumers and businesses. These initiatives included the PPP, relief with respect to troubled debt restructurings (“TDRs”), mortgage forbearance and extended unemployment benefits. The Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2021, enacted on December 27, 2020, extended some of these relief provisions in certain respects.

The PPP permitted small businesses, sole proprietorships, independent contractors and self-employed individuals to apply for loans from existing SBA lenders and other approved regulated lenders that enroll in the program, subject to numerous limitations and eligibility criteria. The CARES Act appropriated $349 billion to fund the PPP, and Congress appropriated an additional $320 billion to the PPP on April 24, 2020, and amended the PPP on June 5, 2020 to make the terms of the PPP loans and loan forgiveness more flexible. Additionally, the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2021 appropriated a further $284 billion to the PPP and permitted certain PPP borrowers to make “second draw” loans. From April to August 2020, we accepted PPP applications and originated loans to qualified small businesses under this program. Consistent with the terms of the PPP, these loans carry an interest rate of 1% and are 100% guaranteed by the SBA. The substantial majority of the Company’s PPP loans have a term of two years. The Company’s participation in this program could subject us to increased governmental and regulatory scrutiny, negative publicity or increased exposure to litigation, which could increase our operational, legal and compliance costs and damage our reputation.

The CARES Act and related guidance from the federal banking agencies provide financial institutions the option to temporarily suspend requirements under GAAP related to classification of certain loan modifications as TDRs, to account for the current and anticipated effects of COVID-19. The CARES Act, as amended by the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2021, specified that COVID-19 related loan modifications executed between March 1, 2020 and the earlier of (i) 60 days after the date of termination of the national emergency declared by the President and (ii) January 1, 2022, on loans that were current as of December 31, 2019 are not TDRs. Additionally, under guidance from the federal banking agencies, other short-term modifications made on a good faith basis in response to COVID-19 to borrowers that were current prior to any relief are not TDRs under ASC Subtopic 310-40, “Troubled Debt Restructuring by Creditors.” These modifications include short-term (e.g., up to six months) modifications such as payment deferrals, fee waivers, extensions of repayment terms or delays in payment that are insignificant. Throughout 2020, we have granted loan modifications to our customers in the form of maturity extensions, payment deferrals and forbearance.

The CARES Act also includes a range of other provisions designed to support the U.S. economy and mitigate the impact of COVID-19 on financial institutions and their customers. For example, provisions of the CARES Act require mortgage servicers to grant, on a borrower’s request, forbearance for up to 180 days (which can be extended for an additional 180 days) on a federally-backed single-family mortgage loan or forbearance up to 30 days (which can be extended for two additional 30-day periods) on a federally-backed multifamily mortgage loan when the borrower experiences financial hardship due to the COVID-19 pandemic.

Further, in response to the COVID-19 pandemic, the Federal Reserve has established a number of facilities to provide emergency liquidity to various segments of the U.S. economy and financial markets. Many of these facilities expired on December 31, 2020. The expiration of these facilities could have adverse effects on the U.S. economy and ultimately on our business.

ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS

An investment in our Common Stock is subject to risks inherent in our business. The material risks and uncertainties that management believes affect Ameris are described below. Before making an investment decision, you should carefully consider the risks and uncertainties described below, together with all of the other information included or incorporated by reference in this Annual Report. The risks and uncertainties described below are not the only ones facing the Company. Additional risks and

uncertainties that management is not aware of or focused on or that management currently deems immaterial may also impair the Company’s business operations. This Annual Report is qualified in its entirety by these risk factors.

If any of the following risks or uncertainties actually occurs, the Company’s financial condition and results of operations could be materially and adversely affected. If this were to happen, the value of the Common Stock could decline significantly, and you could lose all or part of your investment.

RISKS RELATED TO OUR COMPANY AND INDUSTRY

The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic and measures intended to prevent the disease's spread have adversely impacted our business, financial condition and results of operations and will likely continue to do so.

The COVID-19 pandemic has caused, and may continue to cause, significant economic dislocation in the United States and an unprecedented slowdown in economic activity, as many state and local governments have intermittently ordered non-essential businesses to close and residents to shelter in place at home. As a result of the pandemic, commercial customers are experiencing varying levels of disruptions or restrictions on their business activity, and consumers are experiencing interrupted income or unemployment. We have outstanding loans to borrowers in certain industries that have been particularly susceptible to the effects of the pandemic, such as hotels, restaurants and other retail businesses. In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, the Federal Reserve reduced the benchmark federal funds rate to a target range of 0% to 0.25%, and the yields on 10- and 30-year Treasury notes declined to historic lows. The federal banking agencies have also issued guidance encouraging financial institutions to prudently work with affected borrowers and providing relief from reporting loan classifications due to modifications related to the COVID-19 pandemic. Pursuant to such guidance and related provisions of the CARES Act, we are not treating certain COVID-19-related loan modifications as TDRs. Additional information on COVID-19 Modifications can be found in Item 8. "Financial Statements and Supplementary Data, Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements, Note 1. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies" under the caption, "Guidance on Non-TDR Loan Modifications due to COVID-19," and "Note 4. Loans and Allowance for Credit Losses" under the caption, "COVID-19 Deferrals."

In addition, the spread of the coronavirus has caused us to modify our business practices, including the implementation of temporary branch and office closures. We may take further actions as may be required by government authorities or that we determine are in the best interests of our employees, customers and business partners. Although we have initiated a remote work protocol and restricted business travel in our workforce, if significant portions of our workforce, including key personnel, are unable to work effectively because of illness, government actions or other restrictions in connection with the pandemic, the impact of the pandemic on our business could be exacerbated. Further, increased levels of remote access may create additional opportunities for cybercriminals to attempt to exploit vulnerabilities, and our employees may be more susceptible to phishing and social engineering attempts in the remote environment. Our technological resources also may become strained due to the number of remote users.

Given the ongoing and dynamic nature of the circumstances, it is difficult to predict the full impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on our business. The United States government has taken steps to attempt to mitigate some of the more severe anticipated economic effects of the coronavirus, including the passage of the CARES Act and subsequent legislation, and the establishment of emergency liquidity facilities by the Federal Reserve, but there can be no assurance that such steps will continue, be effective or achieve their desired results in a timely fashion. The extent of such impact from the COVID-19 pandemic and related mitigation efforts will depend on future developments, which are highly uncertain, including, but not limited to, the duration and spread of the COVID-19 pandemic, its severity, including a resurgence or additional wave of the coronavirus, the actions to contain the virus or treat its impact, and how quickly and to what extent normal economic and operating conditions can resume, especially as a vaccine becomes widely available.

As the result, we could be subject to any of the following risks, among others, any of which have had, or could be expected to have or continue to have, an adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations:

•demand for our products and services may decline, making it difficult to grow assets and income;

•if the economy is unable to substantially and successfully reopen, and high levels of unemployment continue, for an extended period of time, loan delinquencies, problem assets and foreclosures may increase, resulting in increased charges and reduced income;

•collateral for loans, especially real estate, may decline in value, which could cause loan losses to increase;

•our allowance for loan losses may have to be increased if borrowers experience financial difficulties beyond forbearance periods, which will adversely affect our net income;

•the net worth and liquidity of loan guarantors may decline, impairing their ability to honor commitments to us; and

•as the result of the decline in the Federal Reserve’s target federal funds rate, the yield on our assets has declined and may continue to decline, to a greater extent even than the decline in our cost of interest-bearing liabilities, reducing our net interest margin and spread and adversely affecting our net income.

Our results of operations have been adversely affected by the factors described above. For example, through December 31 2020, these factors resulted in or may have contributed to over 11,000 temporary loan modifications, totaling approximately $2.4 billion, or 18% of our total loans. As of December 31, 2020, 1,395 loans totaling $332.8 million, or 2.3% of the Company’s loan portfolio, were still in deferment.

Although the ultimate impact of these factors over the longer term is uncertain and we do not yet know the full extent of the impacts on our business, our operations or the global economy as a whole, or the pace of recovery when the COVID-19 pandemic subsides, the decline in economic conditions generally and the prolonged negative impact on small to medium-sized businesses, in particular, due to COVID-19 is likely to result in an adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations in future periods and may heighten many of our other known risks described herein.

Our revenues are highly correlated to market interest rates.

Our assets and liabilities are primarily monetary in nature, and as a result, we are subject to significant risks tied to changes in interest rates. Our ability to operate profitably is largely dependent upon net interest income. In 2020, net interest income made up 58.8% of our revenue. Unexpected movement in interest rates, that may or may not change the slope of the current yield curve, could cause our net interest margins to decrease, subsequently decreasing net interest income. In addition, such changes could materially adversely affect the valuation of our assets and liabilities.

At present our one-year interest rate sensitivity position is asset sensitive, such that a gradual increase in interest rates during the next twelve months should have a positive impact on net interest income during that period. However, as with most financial institutions, our results of operations are affected by changes in interest rates and our ability to manage this risk. The difference between interest rates charged on interest-earning assets and interest rates paid on interest-bearing liabilities may be affected by changes in market interest rates, changes in relationships between interest rate indices, and changes in the relationships between long-term and short-term market interest rates. In addition, the mix of assets and liabilities could change as varying levels of market interest rates might present our customer base with more attractive options.

Certain changes in interest rates, inflation, deflation or the financial markets could affect demand for our products and our ability to deliver products efficiently.

Loan originations, and potentially loan revenues, could be materially adversely impacted by sharply rising interest rates. Conversely, sharply falling rates could increase prepayments within our securities portfolio lowering interest earnings from those investments. An unanticipated increase in inflation could cause our operating costs related to salaries and benefits, technology and supplies to increase at a faster pace than revenues.

The fair market value of our securities portfolio and the investment income from these securities also fluctuate depending on general economic and market conditions. In addition, actual net investment income and/or cash flows from investments that carry prepayment risk, such as mortgage-backed and other asset-backed securities, may differ from those anticipated at the time of investment as a result of interest rate fluctuations.

Our concentration of real estate loans subjects the Company to risks that could materially adversely affect our results of operations and financial condition.

The majority of our loan portfolio is secured by real estate. As the economy deteriorated and depressed real estate values in recent years, the collateral value of the portfolio and the revenue stream from those loans came under stress and required additional provision to the allowance for loan losses. Our ability to dispose of foreclosed real estate and resolve credit quality issues is dependent on real estate activity and real estate prices, both of which have been unpredictable for several years.

Greater loan losses than expected may materially adversely affect our earnings.

We, as lenders, are exposed to the risk that our customers will be unable to repay their loans in accordance with their terms and that any collateral securing the payment of their loans may not be sufficient to assure repayment. Credit losses are inherent in the business of making loans and could have a material adverse effect on our operating results. Our credit risk with respect to our real estate and construction loan portfolio will relate principally to the creditworthiness of business entities and the value of the real estate serving as security for the repayment of loans. Our credit risk with respect to our commercial loan portfolio will relate principally to the general creditworthiness of businesses within our local markets. Our credit risk with respect to our consumer loan portfolio will relate principally to the general creditworthiness of individuals.

We make various assumptions and judgments about the collectability of our loan portfolio and provide an allowance for estimated loan losses based on a number of factors. We believe that our current allowance for loan losses is adequate. However, if our assumptions or judgments prove to be incorrect, the allowance for loan losses may not be sufficient to cover actual loan

losses. We may have to increase our allowance in the future in response to the request of one of our primary banking regulators, to adjust for changing conditions and assumptions, or as a result of any deterioration in the quality of our loan portfolio. The actual amount of future provisions for loan losses cannot be determined at this time and may vary from the amounts of past provisions.

Our business is highly correlated to local economic conditions in a geographically concentrated part of the United States.

Unlike larger organizations that are more geographically diversified, our banking offices are primarily concentrated in select markets in Georgia, Alabama, Florida and South Carolina. As a result of this geographic concentration, our financial results depend largely upon economic conditions in these market areas. Deterioration in economic conditions in the markets we serve could result in one or more of the following:

•an increase in loan delinquencies;

•an increase in problem assets and foreclosures;

•a decrease in the demand for our products and services; and

•a decrease in the value of collateral for loans, especially real estate, in turn reducing customers’ borrowing power, the value of assets associated with problem loans and collateral coverage.

We face additional risks due to our increased mortgage banking activities that could negatively impact net income and profitability.

We sell the majority of the mortgage loans that we originate. The sale of these loans generates noninterest income and can be a source of liquidity for the Bank. Disruption in the secondary market for residential mortgage loans as well as declines in real estate values could result in one or more of the following:

•our inability to sell mortgage loans on the secondary market, which could negatively impact our liquidity position;

•declines in real estate values could decrease the potential of mortgage originations, which could negatively impact our earnings;

•if it is determined that loans were made in breach of our representations and warranties to the secondary market, we could incur losses associated with the loans;

•increased compliance requirements could result in higher compliance costs, higher foreclosure proceedings or lower loan origination volume, all which could negatively impact future earnings; and

•a rise in interest rates could cause a decline in mortgage originations, which could negatively impact our earnings.

As a participating lender in the SBA’s PPP, the Company is subject to added risks, including credit, compliance, fraud and litigation risks.

Beginning in April 2020 the Company began processing loan applications under the PPP as an eligible lender with the benefit of a government guaranty of loans to small business clients, many of whom may face difficulties even after being granted such a loan. A significant amount of our loan growth since December 31, 2019 has been a direct result of PPP loans. However, continued PPP loan growth depends on both continued governmental support for the program and continued demand for PPP loans from eligible borrowers.

As a participant in the PPP, we face increased risks, particularly in terms of credit, fraud and litigation risks. The PPP opened to borrower applications shortly after the enactment of its authorizing legislation, and, as a result, there is some ambiguity in the laws, rules and guidance regarding the program’s operation. While subsequent rounds of legislation and associated agency guidance have provided some needed clarity, inconsistencies and ambiguities remain. Accordingly, the Company is exposed to risks relating to compliance with PPP requirements, including the risk of becoming the subject of governmental investigations, enforcement actions and private litigation as well as the risk of negative publicity related to participation in the program.

We have additional credit risk with respect to PPP loans if a determination is made by the SBA that there is a deficiency in the manner in which the loan was originated, funded or serviced, such as an issue with the eligibility of a borrower to receive a PPP loan, which may or may not be related to the ambiguity in the laws, rules and guidance regarding the operation of the PPP. In the event of a loss resulting from a default on a PPP loan and a determination by the SBA that there was a deficiency in the manner in which the PPP loan was originated, funded or serviced by the Company, the SBA may deny its liability under the guaranty, reduce the amount of the guaranty or, if it has already paid under the guaranty, seek recovery of any loss related to the deficiency from the Company.

Also, PPP loans are fixed, low interest rate loans that are guaranteed by the SBA and subject to numerous other regulatory requirements, and a borrower may apply to have all or a portion of the loan forgiven. If PPP borrowers fail to qualify for loan forgiveness, we face a heightened risk of holding these loans at unfavorable interest rates for an extended period of time.

Furthermore, since the launch of the PPP, several larger banks have been subject to litigation regarding the process and procedures that such banks used in processing applications for the PPP, and the Company may be exposed to the risk of litigation, from both customers and non-customers that approached the Company regarding PPP loans, relating to these or other matters. The costs and effects of litigation related to PPP participation could have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Legislation and regulatory proposals enacted in response to market and economic conditions may materially adversely affect our business and results of operations.

The banking industry is heavily regulated. We are subject to examinations, supervision and comprehensive regulation by various federal and state agencies. Our compliance with these regulations is costly and restricts certain of our activities. Banking regulations are primarily intended to protect the broader banking system, the FDIC’s Deposit Insurance Fund and depositors, not shareholders. The burden imposed by federal and state regulations puts banks at a competitive disadvantage compared to less regulated competitors such as finance companies, mortgage banking companies and leasing companies.

In addition, from time to time, various legislative and regulatory initiatives are introduced in Congress and state legislatures, or by regulatory agencies, that may impact the Company or the Bank. Such initiatives may include proposals to expand or contract the powers of bank holding companies and depository institutions or proposals to substantially change the financial institution regulatory system. Such legislation could change the operating environment of Ameris in substantial and unpredictable ways. If enacted, such legislation could increase or decrease the cost of doing business, limit or expand permissible activities or affect the competitive balance among banks, savings associations, credit unions and other financial institutions. The Company cannot predict whether any such legislation will be enacted, and, if enacted, the effect that it, or any implementing regulations, would have on the financial condition or results of operations of the Company. A change in statutes, regulations or regulatory policies applicable to the Company or the Bank could have a material effect on the business of the Company.

Our growth and financial performance may be negatively impacted if we are unable to successfully execute our growth plans.

Economic conditions and other factors, such as our ability to identify appropriate markets for expansion, our ability to recruit and retain qualified personnel, our ability to fund earning asset growth at a reasonable and profitable level, sufficient capital to support our growth initiatives, competitive factors and banking laws, will impact our success.

We may seek to supplement our internal growth through acquisitions. We cannot predict with certainty the number, size or timing of acquisitions, or whether any such acquisitions will occur at all. Our acquisition efforts have traditionally focused on targeted banking entities in markets in which we currently operate and markets in which we believe we can compete effectively. However, as consolidation of the financial services industry continues, the competition for suitable acquisition candidates may increase. We may compete with other financial services companies for acquisition opportunities, and many of these competitors have greater financial resources than we do and may be able to pay more for an acquisition than we are able or willing to pay. We also may need additional debt or equity financing in the future to fund acquisitions. We may not be able to obtain additional financing or, if available, it may not be in amounts and on terms acceptable to us. If we are unable to locate suitable acquisition candidates willing to sell on terms acceptable to us, or we are otherwise unable to obtain additional debt or equity financing necessary for us to continue making acquisitions, we would be required to find other methods to grow our business and we may not grow at the same rate we have in the past, or at all.

Generally, we must receive federal regulatory approval before we can acquire a bank or bank holding company. In determining whether to approve a proposed bank acquisition, federal bank regulators will consider, among other factors, the effect of the acquisition on the competition, financial condition and future prospects. The regulators also review current and projected capital ratios and levels, the competence, experience and integrity of management and its record of compliance with laws and regulations, the convenience and needs of the communities to be served (including both institutions’ CRA performance history), and the effectiveness of the acquiring institution in combating money laundering activities. We cannot be certain when or if, or on what terms and conditions, any required regulatory approvals will be granted. We may also be required to sell banks or branches as a condition to receiving regulatory approval, which condition may not be acceptable to us or, if acceptable to us, may reduce the benefits of any acquisition.

In the past, we have utilized de novo branching in new and existing markets as a way to supplement our growth. De novo branching and any acquisition carry with it numerous risks, including the following:

•the inability to obtain all required regulatory approvals;

•significant costs and anticipated operating losses associated with establishing a de novo branch or a new bank;

•the inability to secure the services of qualified senior management;

•the local market may not accept the services of a new bank owned and managed by a bank holding company headquartered outside of the market area of the new bank;

•economic downturns in the new market;

•the inability to obtain attractive locations within a new market at a reasonable cost; and

•the additional strain on management resources and internal systems and controls.

We have experienced to some extent many of these risks with our de novo branching to date.

We rely on dividends from the Bank for most of our revenue.

Ameris is a separate and distinct legal entity from its subsidiaries. It receives substantially all of its revenue from dividends from the Bank. These dividends are the principal source of funds to pay dividends on the Common Stock and interest and principal on the Company’s debt. Various federal and state laws and regulations limit the amount of dividends that the Bank may pay to the Company. Also, the Company’s right to participate in a distribution of assets upon a subsidiary’s liquidation or reorganization is subject to the prior claims of the subsidiary’s creditors. In the event the Bank is unable to pay dividends to the Company, the Company may not be able to service debt, pay obligations or pay dividends on the Common Stock and its business, financial condition and results of operations may be materially adversely affected. Consequently, cash-based activities, including further investments in the Bank or in support of the Bank, could require borrowings or additional issuances of common or preferred stock.

We are subject to regulation by various federal and state entities.

We are subject to the regulations of the SEC, the Federal Reserve, the FDIC, the GDBF, the CFPB and other governmental agencies and regulatory bodies. New regulations issued by these agencies may adversely affect our ability to carry on our business activities. We are subject to various federal and state laws and certain changes in these laws and regulations may adversely affect our operations. Noncompliance with certain of these regulations may impact our business plans, including our ability to branch, offer certain products or execute existing or planned business strategies.

We are also subject to the accounting rules and regulations of the SEC and the Financial Accounting Standards Board. Changes in accounting rules could materially adversely affect the reported financial statements or our results of operations and may also require extraordinary efforts or additional costs to implement. Any of these laws or regulations may be modified or changed from time to time, and we cannot be assured that such modifications or changes will not adversely affect us.

We are subject to industry competition which may have an impact upon our success.

Our profitability depends on our ability to compete successfully. We operate in a highly competitive financial services environment. Certain competitors are larger and may have more resources than we do. We face competition in our regional market areas from other commercial banks, savings and loan associations, credit unions, internet banks, mortgage companies, finance companies, mutual funds, insurance companies, brokerage and investment banking firms, and other financial intermediaries that offer similar services. Some of our nonbank competitors are not subject to the same extensive regulations that govern us or our bank subsidiary and may have greater flexibility in competing for business.

Another competitive factor is that the financial services market, including banking services, is undergoing rapid changes with frequent introductions of new technology-driven products and services. Our future success may depend, in part, on our ability to use technology competitively to provide products and services that provide convenience to customers and create additional efficiencies in our operations.

Changes in the policies of monetary authorities and other government action could materially adversely affect our profitability.

Banking is a business which depends on interest rate differentials for success. In general, the difference between the interest paid by a bank on its deposits and its other borrowings, and the interest received by a bank on its loans and securities holdings, constitutes the major portion of a bank’s earnings. Thus, our earnings and growth will be subject to the influence of economic conditions generally, both domestic and foreign, and also to the monetary and fiscal policies of the United States government and its agencies, particularly the Federal Reserve. The Federal Reserve administers monetary policy by setting target interest rates that it attempts to effect, primarily through open market dealings in United States government securities. The Federal Reserve also may specifically target banking institutions through the discount rate at which banks may borrow from the Federal Reserve Banks and the reserve requirements on deposits. The nature and timing of any changes in such policies and their effect on Ameris cannot be known at this time, but could adversely affect our results of operations.

Fiscal policy, the other principal tool of the federal government to oversee the national economy is largely in the hands of Congress through its authority to make taxation and budget decisions, subject to Presidential approval. These decisions may have a significant impact on the economic sectors in which we operate and could adversely affect our results of operations.

We may need to rely on the financial markets to provide needed capital.

Our Common Stock is listed and traded on the Nasdaq Global Select Market (“Nasdaq”). If the liquidity of the Nasdaq market should fail to operate at a time when we may seek to raise equity capital, or if conditions in the capital markets are adverse, we may be constrained in raising capital. Downgrades in the opinions of the analysts that follow our Company may cause our stock price to fall and significantly limit our ability to access the markets for additional capital. Should these risks materialize, our ability to further expand our operations through internal growth or acquisition may be limited.

We may invest or spend the proceeds in stock offerings in ways with which you may not agree and in ways that may not earn a profit.

We may choose to use the proceeds of future stock offerings for general corporate purposes, including for possible acquisition opportunities that may become available. It is not known whether suitable acquisition opportunities may become available or whether we will be able to successfully complete any such acquisitions. We may use the proceeds of an offering only to focus on sustaining our organic, or internal, growth or for other purposes. In addition, we may use all or a portion of the proceeds of an offering to support our capital. You may not agree with the ways we decide to use the proceeds of any stock offerings, and our use of the proceeds may not yield any profits.

The transition away from the London Inter-Bank Offered Rate (LIBOR) will affect our adjustable rate loan and other agreements and may have an impact on our business operations.

In 2014, a committee of private-market derivative participants and their regulators, the Alternative Reference Rate Committee (“ARRC”), was convened by the Federal Reserve to identify an alternative reference interest rate to replace LIBOR. In June 2017, the ARRC announced the Secured Overnight Funding Rate (“SOFR”), a broad measure of the cost of borrowing cash overnight collateralized by Treasury securities, as its preferred alternative to LIBOR. In July 2017, the Chief Executive of the United Kingdom Financial Conduct Authority, which regulates LIBOR, announced its intention to stop persuading or compelling banks to submit rates for the calculation of LIBOR to the administrator of LIBOR after 2021. In April 2018, the Federal Reserve Bank of New York began to publish SOFR rates on a daily basis. In 2019, the ARRC finalized draft language for adjustable rate debt product contracts to provide for the transition from LIBOR to SOFR rates. The language is voluntary and would apply only to new contracts. The Federal Reserve Bank of New York has published SOFR “term rates” daily since early 2020.

Given LIBOR’s extensive use across financial markets, the transition away from LIBOR presents various risks and challenges to financial markets and institutions, including Ameris and the Bank. Our commercial and consumer businesses issue, trade, and hold various products that are indexed to LIBOR. As of December 31, 2020, Ameris had approximately $2.51 billion of loans and derivatives with a notional value of $19.7 million indexed to LIBOR. In addition, we had approximately $304.4 million of debt securities outstanding that are indexed to LIBOR (either currently or in the future) as of December 31, 2020. We had $88.8 million of investment securities indexed to LIBOR as of December 31, 2020. Our financial instruments and products that are indexed to LIBOR are significant, and if not sufficiently planned for, the discontinuation of LIBOR could result in financial, operational, legal, reputational or compliance risks.

We face risks related to our operational, technological and organizational infrastructure.

Our ability to grow and compete is dependent on our ability to build or acquire the necessary operational and technological infrastructure and to manage the cost of that infrastructure while we expand. Similar to other large corporations, in our case, operational risk can manifest itself in many ways, such as errors related to failed or inadequate processes, faulty or disabled computer systems, fraud by employees or persons outside of our Company and exposure to external events. We are dependent on our operational infrastructure to help manage these risks. In addition, we are heavily dependent on the strength and capability of our technology systems which we use both to interface with our customers and to manage our internal financial and other systems. Our ability to develop and deliver new products that meet the needs of our existing customers and attract new customers depends in part on the functionality of our technology systems. Additionally, our ability to run our business in compliance with applicable laws and regulations is dependent on these infrastructures.

We continuously monitor our operational and technological capabilities and make modifications and improvements when we believe it will be cost effective to do so. In some instances, we may build and maintain these capabilities ourselves. We also outsource some of these functions to third parties. These third parties may experience errors or disruptions that could adversely

impact us and over which we may have limited control. We also face risk from the integration of new infrastructure platforms and/or new third party providers of such platforms into our existing businesses.

Cyberattacks or other security breaches could have a material adverse effect on our business.

In the normal course of business, we collect, process and retain sensitive and confidential information regarding our customers. We also have arrangements in place with other third parties through which we share and receive information about their customers who are or may become our customers. Although we devote significant resources and management focus to ensuring the integrity of our systems through information security and business continuity programs, our facilities and systems, and those of third-party service providers, are vulnerable to external or internal security breaches, acts of vandalism, computer viruses, misplaced or lost data, programming or human errors or other similar events.

Information security risks for financial institutions like us continue to increase in part because of new technologies, the use of the Internet and telecommunications technologies (including mobile devices) to conduct financial and other business transactions and the increased sophistication and activities of organized crime, perpetrators of fraud, hackers, terrorists and others. In addition to cyberattacks or other security breaches involving the theft of sensitive and confidential information, hackers continue to engage in attacks against financial institutions. These attacks include denial of service attacks designed to disrupt external customer facing services and ransomware attacks designed to deny organizations access to key internal resources or systems. We are not able to anticipate or implement effective preventive measures against all security breaches of these types, especially because the techniques used change frequently and because attacks can originate from a wide variety of sources. We employ detection and response mechanisms designed to contain and mitigate security incidents, but early detection may be thwarted by sophisticated attacks and malware designed to avoid detection.

We rely heavily on communications and information systems to conduct our business. Accordingly, we also face risks related to cyberattacks and other security breaches in connection with our own and third-party systems, processes and data, including credit and debit card transactions that typically involve the transmission of sensitive information regarding our customers through various third parties, including merchant acquiring banks, payment processors, payment card networks (e.g., Visa, MasterCard) and our processors. Some of these parties have in the past been the target of security breaches and cyberattacks, and because the transactions involve third parties and environments such as the point of sale that we do not control or secure, future security breaches or cyberattacks affecting any of these third parties could impact us through no fault of our own, and in some cases we may have exposure and suffer losses for breaches or attacks relating to them. We also rely on numerous other third-party service providers to conduct other aspects of our business operations and face similar risks relating to them. While we conduct security reviews on these third parties, we cannot be sure that their information security protocols are sufficient to withstand a cyberattack or other security breach.

The access by unauthorized persons to, or the improper disclosure by us of, confidential information regarding our customers or our own proprietary information, software, methodologies and business secrets could result in significant legal and financial exposure, supervisory liability, damage to our reputation or a loss of confidence in the security of our systems, products and services, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition or results of operations. In addition, our industry continues to experience well-publicized attacks or breaches affecting others in our industry that have heightened concern by consumers generally about the security of using credit and debit cards, which have caused some consumers, including our customers, to use our credit and debit cards less in favor of alternative methods of payment and has led to increased regulatory focus on, and potentially new regulations relating to, these methods. Further cyberattacks or other breaches in the future, whether affecting us or others, could intensify consumer concern and regulatory focus and result in reduced use of our cards, increased costs and regulatory penalties, all of which could have a material adverse effect on our business. To the extent we are involved in any future cyberattacks or other breaches, our brand and reputation could be affected, which could also have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition or results of operations.

Financial services companies depend on the accuracy and completeness of information about customers and counterparties.

In deciding whether to extend credit or enter into other transactions, the Company may rely on information furnished by or on behalf of customers and counterparties, including financial statements, credit reports and other financial information. The Company may also rely on representations of those customers, counterparties or other third parties, such as independent auditors, as to the accuracy and completeness of that information. Reliance on inaccurate or misleading financial statements, credit reports or other financial information could have a material adverse impact on the Company’s business and, in turn, the Company’s financial condition and results of operations.

Reputational risk and social factors may impact our results.

Our ability to originate and maintain accounts is highly dependent upon customer and other external perceptions of our business practices and our financial health. Adverse perceptions regarding our business practices or our financial health could damage

our reputation in both the customer and funding markets, leading to difficulties in generating and maintaining accounts as well as in financing them. Adverse developments with respect to the consumer or other external perceptions regarding the practices of our competitors, or our industry as a whole, may also adversely impact our reputation. In addition, adverse reputational impacts on third parties with whom we have important relationships may also adversely impact our reputation. Adverse impacts on our reputation, or the reputation of our industry, may also result in greater regulatory or legislative scrutiny, which may lead to laws, regulations or regulatory actions that may change or constrain the manner in which we engage with our customers and the products we offer. Adverse reputational impacts or events may also increase our litigation risk. We carefully monitor internal and external developments for areas of potential reputational risk and have established governance structures to assist in evaluating such risks in our business practices and decisions, but we cannot be certain that our efforts will completely mitigate these risks.

We may not be able to attract and retain skilled people.

The Company’s success depends, in large part, on its ability to attract and retain key people. Competition for the best people in most activities engaged in by the Company can be intense, and the Company may not be able to hire people or to retain them. The unexpected loss of services of one or more of the Company’s key personnel could have a material adverse impact on the Company’s business because of their skills, knowledge of the Company’s market, years of industry experience and the difficulty of promptly finding qualified replacement personnel.

We engage in acquisitions of other businesses from time to time. These acquisitions may not produce revenue or earnings enhancements or cost savings at levels or within timeframes originally anticipated and may result in unforeseen integration difficulties.

When appropriate opportunities arise, we will engage in acquisitions of other businesses. Difficulty in integrating an acquired business or company may cause us not to realize expected revenue increases, cost savings, increases in geographic or product presence or other anticipated benefits from any acquisition. The integration could result in higher than expected deposit attrition (run-off), loss of key employees, disruption of our business or the business of the acquired company, or otherwise adversely affect our ability to maintain relationships with customers and employees or achieve the anticipated benefits of the acquisition. We will likely need to make additional investments in equipment and personnel to manage higher asset levels and loan balances as a result of any significant acquisition, which may materially adversely impact our earnings. Also, the negative effect of any divestitures required by regulatory authorities in acquisitions or business combinations may be greater than expected.

Depending on the condition of any institution that we may acquire, any acquisition may, at least in the near term, materially adversely affect our capital and earnings and, if not successfully integrated following the acquisition, may continue to have such effects.

Natural disasters, geopolitical events, public health crises and other catastrophic events beyond our control could adversely affect us.

Natural disasters such as hurricanes, tropical storms, floods, wildfires, extreme weather conditions and other acts of nature, geopolitical events such as those involving civil unrest, changes in government regimes, terrorism or military conflict, pandemics and other public health crises, and other catastrophic events could adversely affect our business operations and those of our customers, counterparties and service providers, and cause substantial damage and loss to real and personal property, including damage to or destruction of mortgaged properties or our own banking facilities and offices. Natural disasters, geopolitical events, public health crises and other catastrophic events, or concerns about the occurrence of any such events, could impair our borrowers’ ability to service their loans, decrease the level and duration of deposits by customers, erode the value of loan collateral, including mortgaged properties, result in an increase in the amount of our non-performing loans and a higher level of non-performing assets, including real estate owned, net charge-offs and provision for loan losses, lead to other operational difficulties and impair our ability to manage our business, which could materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition, results of operations and the value of our common stock. We also could be adversely affected if our key personnel or a significant number of our employees were to become unavailable due to a public health crisis (such as an outbreak of a contagious disease), natural disaster, war, act of terrorism, accident or other reason.

RISKS RELATED TO OUR COMMON STOCK

The price of our Common Stock is volatile and may decline.

The trading price of our Common Stock may fluctuate widely as a result of a number of factors, many of which are outside our control. In addition, the stock market is subject to fluctuations in the share prices and trading volumes that affect the market prices of the shares of many companies. These broad market fluctuations have adversely affected and may continue to adversely affect the market price of our Common Stock. Among the factors that could affect our stock price are:

•actual or anticipated quarterly fluctuations in our operating results and financial condition;

•changes in revenue or earnings estimates or publication of research reports and recommendations by financial analysts or actions taken by rating agencies with respect to our securities or those of other financial institutions;

•failure to meet analysts’ revenue or earnings estimates;

•speculation in the press or investment community;

•strategic actions by us or our competitors, such as acquisitions or restructurings;

•actions by institutional shareholders;

•fluctuations in the stock price and operating results of our competitors;

•general market conditions and, in particular, developments related to market conditions for the financial services industry;

•proposed or adopted regulatory changes or developments, including changes in accounting rules;

•proposed or adopted changes or developments in tax policies or rates;

•anticipated or pending investigations, proceedings or litigation that involve or affect us; or

•domestic and international economic factors unrelated to our performance.

A significant decline in our stock price could result in substantial losses for individual shareholders and could lead to costly and disruptive securities litigation.

Securities issued by us, including our Common Stock, are not FDIC insured.

Securities issued by us, including our Common Stock, are not savings or deposit accounts or other obligations of any bank and are not insured by the FDIC, the Deposit Insurance Fund or any other governmental agency or instrumentality, or any private insurer, and are subject to investment risk, including the possible loss of principal.

Holders of the Company’s debt obligations and any shares of the Company’s preferred stock that may be outstanding in the future will have priority over the Company’s common stock with respect to payment in the event of liquidation, dissolution or winding up and with respect to the payment of interest and preferred dividends.

In the event of any winding up and termination of the Company, our Common Stock would rank below all claims of the holders of the Company’s debt and any preferred stock then outstanding. As of December 31, 2020, we had outstanding trust preferred securities and accompanying junior subordinated debentures with a carrying value of $124.3 million and other subordinated notes payable with a carrying value of $376.2 million.

Upon the winding up and termination of the Company, holders of our Common Stock will not be entitled to receive any payment or other distribution of assets until after all of our obligations to our debt holders have been satisfied and holders of our senior debt, subordinated debt and junior subordinated debentures issued in connection with trust preferred securities have received any payments and other distributions due to them. In addition, we are required to pay interest on our senior debt, subordinated debt and junior subordinated debentures issued in connection with the Company’s trust preferred securities before we pay any dividends on our Common Stock.

We may borrow funds or issue additional debt and equity securities or securities convertible into equity securities, any of which may be senior to our Common Stock as to distributions and in liquidation, which could negatively affect the value of our Common Stock.

In the future, we may attempt to increase our capital resources by entering into debt or debt-like financing that is unsecured or secured by all or up to all of our assets, or by issuing additional debt or equity securities, which could include issuances of secured or unsecured commercial paper, medium-term notes, senior notes, subordinated notes, preferred stock, common stock or securities convertible into or exchangeable for equity securities. In the event of our liquidation, our lenders and holders of our debt and preferred securities would receive a distribution of our available assets before distributions to the holders of our Common Stock. Because our decision to incur debt and issue securities in our future offerings will depend on market conditions and other factors beyond our control, we cannot predict or estimate with certainty the amount, timing or nature of our future offerings and debt financings. Further, market conditions could require us to accept less favorable terms for the issuance of our securities in the future. In addition, the borrowing of funds or issuance of debt would increase our leverage and decrease our liquidity, and the issuance of additional equity securities would dilute the interests of our existing shareholders.

You may not receive dividends on the Common Stock.

Holders of our Common Stock are only entitled to receive such dividends as our Board of Directors may declare out of funds legally available for such payments. In 2010, in response to anticipated increases in corporate risks, our Board suspended the payment of dividends on our Common Stock. In 2014, our Board reinstated the payment of dividends on our Common Stock; however, the payment of dividends could be suspended again at any time.

Sales of a significant number of shares of our Common Stock in the public markets, or the perception of such sales, could depress the market price of our Common Stock.

Sales of a substantial number of shares of our Common Stock in the public markets and the availability of those shares for sale could adversely affect the market price of our Common Stock. In addition, future issuances of equity securities, including pursuant to outstanding options, could dilute the interests of our existing shareholders and could cause the market price of our Common Stock to decline. We may issue such additional equity or convertible securities to raise additional capital. Depending on the amount offered and the levels at which we offer the stock, issuances of common or preferred stock could be substantially dilutive to shareholders of our Common Stock. Moreover, to the extent that we issue restricted stock, phantom shares, stock appreciation rights, options or warrants to purchase our Common Stock in the future and those stock appreciation rights, options or warrants are exercised or as shares of the restricted stock vest, our shareholders may experience further dilution. Holders of our shares of Common Stock have no preemptive rights that entitle holders to purchase their pro rata share of any offering of shares of any class or series and, therefore, such sales or offerings could result in increased dilution to our shareholders. We cannot predict with certainty the effect that future sales of our Common Stock would have on the market price of our Common Stock.

ITEM 1B. UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS

None.

ITEM 2. PROPERTIES

The Company’s corporate headquarters is located at 3490 Piedmont Road N.E., Suite 1550, Atlanta, Georgia 30305. The Company occupies approximately 19,200 square feet at this location plus an additional 90,800 square feet used for a branch location and support services for banking operations, including credit, marketing and operational support. The Company also leases approximately 38,000 square feet in Jacksonville, Florida used for additional corporate support services. Inclusive of the branch at its headquarters, Ameris operates 164 office or branch locations. Of the 164 branch locations, 136 are owned and 28 are subject to either building or ground leases. Ameris also operates 33 mortgage and loan production offices, all of which are subject to building leases. At December 31, 2020, there were no significant encumbrances on the offices, equipment or other operational facilities owned by Ameris and the Bank.

ITEM 3. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS

Disclosure concerning legal proceedings can be found in Item 8. "Financial Statements and Supplementary Data, Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements, Note 21. Commitments and Contingent Liabilities" under the caption, "Litigation and Regulatory Contingencies," which is incorporated herein by reference.

ITEM 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES

Not applicable.

PART II

ITEM 5. MARKET FOR REGISTRANT’S COMMON EQUITY, RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS AND ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES

The Common Stock is listed on Nasdaq under the symbol “ABCB”. As of February 19, 2021, there were approximately 3,073 holders of record of the Common Stock. The Company believes a portion of Common Stock outstanding is held either in nominee name or street name brokerage accounts; therefore, the Company is unable to determine the number of beneficial owners of the Common Stock.

The amount of and nature of any dividends declared on our Common Stock will be determined by our Board of Directors in its sole discretion. The Company is required to comply with the restrictions on the payment of dividends in respect of the Common Stock discussed in the section of Part I, Item 1 of this Annual Report captioned “Payment of Dividends and Other Restrictions.”

Repurchases of Common Stock

The table below sets forth information regarding the Company’s repurchase of shares of its outstanding common stock during the three-month period ended December 31, 2020.


Period	Total Number of Shares Purchased	Average Price Paid Per Share		Total Number of Shares Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Plans or Programs	Approximate Dollar Value of Shares That May Yet be Purchased Under the Plans or Programs(1)
October 1, 2020 through October 31, 2020	—	$	—	—	$	85,723,412
November 1, 2020 through November 30, 2020(2)	183	$	35.04	—	$	85,723,412
December 1, 2020 through December 31, 2020	—	$	—	—	$	85,723,412
Total	183	$	35.04	—	$	85,723,412

(1) On September 19, 2019, the Company announced that its Board of Directors authorized the Company to repurchase up to $100.0 million of its outstanding common stock through October 31, 2020. On October 22, 2020, the Company announced that its Board of Directors approved the extension of the share repurchase program through October 31, 2021. Repurchases of shares must be made in accordance with applicable securities laws and may be made from time to time in the open market or by negotiated transactions. The amount and timing of repurchases will be based on a variety of factors, including share acquisition price, regulatory limitations and other market and economic factors. The program does not require the Company to repurchase any specific number of shares. As of December 31, 2020, $14.3 million, or 358,664 shares of the Company's common stock, had been repurchased under the new program.

(2) The shares purchased from November 1, 2020 through November 30, 2020 consist of shares of common stock surrendered to the Company in payment of the income tax withholding obligations relating to the vesting of shares of restricted stock.

Performance Graph

Set forth below is a line graph comparing the change in the cumulative total shareholder return on the Common Stock against the cumulative return of the NASDAQ Stock Market (U.S. Companies) index and the index of SNL U.S. Bank NASDAQ Stocks for the five-year period commencing December 31, 2015, and ending December 31, 2020. This line graph assumes an investment of $100 on December 31, 2015, and reinvestment of dividends and other distributions to shareholders.


	Period Ending
Index	12/31/2015	12/31/2016	12/31/2017	12/31/2018	12/31/2019	12/31/2020
Ameris Bancorp	100.00	129.38	144.24	95.64	130.11	119.19
NASDAQ Stock Market (US Companies)	100.00	108.87	141.13	137.12	187.44	271.64
SNL U.S. Bank NASDAQ	100.00	138.65	145.97	123.04	154.47	132.56

Source: S&P Global Market Intelligence

Pursuant to the regulations of the SEC, this performance graph is not “soliciting material,” is not deemed filed with the SEC and is not to be incorporated by reference in any filing of the Company under the Securities Act or the Exchange Act.

ITEM 6. SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA

The following table presents selected consolidated financial information for Ameris. The data set forth below is derived from the audited consolidated financial statements of Ameris. Acquisitions, including the acquisition of JAXB in 2016, the acquisitions of USPF, Atlantic and Hamilton in 2018, and the acquisition of Fidelity in 2019, as well as the December 2016 purchase of a pool of commercial insurance premium finance loans and the establishment of a division to originate loans of this type, significantly affected the comparability of selected financial data. Specifically, since the acquisitions were accounted for using the acquisition method of accounting, the assets of the acquired institutions were recorded at their fair values, the excess purchase price over the net fair value of the assets was recorded as goodwill and the results of operations for the business have been included in the Company’s results since the respective dates these acquisitions were completed. Accordingly, the level of our assets and liabilities and our results of operations for these acquisitions have significantly affected the Company’s financial position and results of operations. Discussion of these acquisitions can be found in Item 8. "Financial Statements and Supplementary Data, Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements, Note 2. Business Combinations.” The selected financial data should be read in conjunction with, and is qualified in its entirety by, the consolidated financial statements and the notes thereto and Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations included elsewhere herein.


	Year Ended December 31,
(dollars in thousands, except per share data)	2020		2019		2018		2017		2016
Selected Balance Sheet Data:
Total assets	$	20,438,638	$	18,242,579	$	11,443,515	$	7,856,203	$	6,892,031
Earning assets	18,573,871		16,321,373		10,348,393		7,288,285		6,293,670
Loans held for sale	1,167,659		1,656,711		111,298		197,442		105,924
Loans	14,480,925		12,818,476		8,511,914		6,046,355		5,264,326



Investment securities	982,879		1,403,403		1,192,423		810,873		822,735

Total deposits	16,957,823		14,027,073		9,649,313		6,625,845		5,575,163
FDIC loss-share payable including clawback	—		19,642		19,487		8,803		6,313
Shareholders’ equity	2,647,088		2,469,582		1,456,347		804,479		646,437

Selected Average Balances:
Total assets	$	19,240,493	$	14,621,185	$	9,744,001	$	7,330,974	$	6,166,714
Earning assets	17,370,354		13,128,229		8,861,205		6,759,509		5,598,077
Loans held for sale	1,497,051		667,078		140,273		113,657		97,995
Loans	14,018,582		10,666,978		7,426,531		5,643,960		4,524,710



Investment securities	1,289,800		1,400,440		1,036,822		861,189		842,886
Total deposits	15,197,427		11,702,441		7,862,988		5,845,430		5,200,241
Shareholders’ equity	2,531,419		1,970,780		1,178,275		770,296		613,435

Selected Income Statement Data:
Interest income	$	726,503	$	636,394	$	413,326	$	294,347	$	239,065
Interest expense	88,750		131,228		69,934		34,222		19,694
Net interest income	637,753		505,166		343,392		260,125		219,371

Provision for credit losses	145,380		19,758		16,667		8,364		4,091
Noninterest income	446,500		198,113		118,412		104,457		105,801
Noninterest expense	598,629		471,937		293,647		231,936		215,835
Income before income taxes	340,244		211,584		151,490		124,282		105,246
Income tax expense	78,256		50,143		30,463		50,734		33,146
Net income	$	261,988	$	161,441	$	121,027	$	73,548	$	72,100


	Year Ended December 31,
(dollars in thousands, except per share data)	2020			2019			2018			2017			2016
Per Share Data
Net income – basic	$	3.78		$	2.76		$	2.81		$	2.00		$	2.10
Net income – diluted	3.77			2.75			2.80			1.98			2.08
Common book value	38.06			35.53			30.66			21.59			18.51
Tangible book value	23.69			20.81			18.83			17.86			14.42
Common dividends – cash	0.60			0.50			0.40			0.40			0.30

Profitability Ratios
Net income to average total assets	1.36		%	1.10		%	1.24		%	1.00		%	1.17		%
Net income to average common shareholders’ equity	10.35			8.19			10.27			9.55			11.75
Net interest margin	3.70			3.88			3.92			3.95			3.99
Efficiency ratio	55.21			67.11			63.59			63.62			66.38

Loan Quality Ratios
Net charge-offs to average loans	0.31		%	0.10		%	0.18		%	0.12		%	0.03		%
Allowance for credit losses on loans to total loans	1.38			0.30			0.34			0.43			0.45
Nonperforming assets to total loans and OREO	0.67			0.79			0.74			0.88			1.22

Liquidity Ratios
Loans to total deposits	85.39		%	91.38		%	88.21		%	91.25		%	94.42		%
Average loans to average earnings assets	80.70			81.25			83.81			83.50			80.83
Noninterest-bearing deposits to total deposits	36.27			29.94			26.12			26.82			28.22

Capital Adequacy Ratios
Shareholders’ equity to total assets	12.95		%	13.54		%	12.73		%	10.24		%	9.38		%
Common stock dividend payout ratio	15.87			18.12			14.23			20.00			14.29

ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

OVERVIEW

During 2020, the Company reported net income of $262.0 million, or $3.77 per diluted share, compared with $161.4 million, or $2.75 per diluted share, in 2019. The Company’s net income as a percentage of average assets for 2020 and 2019 was 1.36% and 1.10%, respectively, while the Company’s net income as a percentage of average shareholders’ equity was 10.35% and 8.19%, respectively. Reported net income for the year ended December 31, 2019 includes $73.1 million in merger and conversion charges, primarily related to the acquisition of Fidelity.

Highlights of the Company’s performance in 2020 include the following:

•Growth in adjusted net earnings1 of $77.6 million, representing a 34.8% increase over 2019

•Organic growth in loans of $1.66 billion, or 13.0% (and $834.8 million, or 6.5% exclusive of PPP loans)

•Adjusted return on average assets1 of 1.56%, compared with 1.52% in 2019

•Adjusted return on average tangible common equity1 of 19.77%, compared with 18.74% in 2019

•Net interest margin of 3.70% during 2020, down 18 basis points from 2019 amid challenging interest rate environment

•Growth in tangible book value per share1 of 13.8%, from $20.81 at the end of 2019 to $23.69 at the end of 2020

•Improvement in deposit mix with noninterest bearing deposits representing 36.3% of total deposits at the end of 2020

•Increase in total revenue of 54.2% to $1.08 billion

•Annualized net charge-offs of 0.31% of average total loans

•Continued management of nonperforming assets, down 8 basis points to 0.48% of total assets compared with 2019

______________________________________________________________________________________________________

1 A reconciliation of Non-GAAP financial measures can be found in following table.


Adjusted Net Income Reconciliation
	Year Ended
	December 31,
(dollars in thousands except per share data)	2020			2019
Net income available to common shareholders	$	261,988		$	161,441

Adjustment items:
Merger and conversion charges	1,391			73,105

Restructuring charge	1,513			245
Servicing right impairment	40,067			507
Expenses related to SEC and DOJ investigation	3,058			463
Natural disaster and pandemic expenses (Note 1)	3,296			(39)
Gain on BOLI proceeds	(948)			(3,583)
Loss on sale of premises	624			6,021
Tax effect of adjustment items (Note 2)	(10,488)			(16,065)
After-tax adjustment items	38,513			60,654
Tax expense attributable to merger related compensation and acquired BOLI	—			849

Adjusted net income	$	300,501		$	222,944

Average assets	$	19,240,493		$	14,621,185
Reported return on average assets	1.36		%	1.10		%
Adjusted return on average assets	1.56		%	1.52		%

Average common equity	$	2,531,419		$	1,970,780
Average tangible common equity	$	1,520,303		$	1,189,493
Reported return on average common equity	10.35		%	8.19		%
Adjusted return on average tangible common equity	19.77		%	18.74		%

Total shareholders' equity	$	2,647,088		$	2,469,582
Less:
Goodwill	928,005			931,637
Other intangibles, net	71,974			91,586
Total tangible shareholders' equity	$	1,647,109		$	1,446,359

Period end number of shares	69,541,481			69,503,833
Book value per share	$	38.06		$	35.53
Tangible book value per share	$	23.69		$	20.81

Note 1: Pandemic charges include "thank you" pay for certain employees, additional sanitizing expenses at our locations, protective equipment for our employees and branch locations, and additional equipment required to support our remote workforce.
Note 2: A portion of the merger and conversion charges for both periods are nondeductible for tax purposes.

CRITICAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES AND ESTIMATES

Ameris has established certain accounting and financial reporting policies to govern the application of accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”) in the preparation of its financial statements. Our significant accounting policies are described in Note 1 to the consolidated financial statements. Certain accounting policies involve significant judgments and assumptions by management which have a material impact on the carrying value of certain assets and liabilities; management considers these accounting policies to be critical accounting policies. The judgments and assumptions used by management are based on historical experience and other factors which are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances. Because of the nature of the judgments and assumptions made by management, actual results could differ from the judgments and estimates adopted by management which could have a material impact on the carrying values of assets and liabilities and the results of our operations. We believe the following accounting policies applied by Ameris represent critical accounting policies.

Allowance for Credit Losses

We believe the allowance for credit losses ("ACL") is a critical accounting policy that requires significant judgments and estimates used in the preparation of our consolidated financial statements. The ACL is a valuation allowance estimated at each

balance sheet date in accordance with GAAP that is deducted from financial assets measured at amortized cost to present the net amount expected to be collected on those assets. Management uses a systematic methodology to determine its ACL for loans and certain off-balance-sheet credit exposures. Management considers relevant information including past events, current conditions, and reasonable and supportable forecasts on the collectability of the loan portfolio. The Company’s estimate of its ACL involves a high degree of judgment; therefore, management’s process for determining expected credit losses may result in a range of expected credit losses. It is possible that others, given the same information, may at any point in time reach a different reasonable conclusion.

Loans which share common risk characteristics are pooled for the purposes of determining the ACL. Management uses the discounted cash flow method, the vintage method, the PD×LGD method and a qualitative approach in measuring the ACL for pooled loans. Loans which do not share common risk characteristics are evaluated on an individual basis. When repayment is expected to be from the operation of the collateral, expected credit losses are calculated as the amount by which the amortized cost basis of the loan exceeds the present value of expected cash flows from the operation of the collateral. The expected credit losses may also be calculated, in the alternative, as the amount by which the amortized cost basis of the loan exceeds the estimated fair value of the collateral. When repayment is expected to be from the sale of the collateral, expected credit losses are calculated as the amount by which the amortized cost basis of the loan exceeds the fair value of the underlying collateral less estimated cost to sell.

Management believes that the ACL is adequate. While management uses available information to recognize expected losses on loans, future additions to the ACL may be necessary based on changes in economic conditions. In addition, various regulatory agencies, as an integral part of their examination processes, periodically review the Company’s ACL. Such agencies may require the Company to recognize additions to the ACL based on their judgments about information available to them at the time of their examination.

Business Combinations

Assets purchased and liabilities assumed in a business combination are recorded at their fair value. The fair value of a loan portfolio acquired in a business combination requires greater levels of management estimates and judgment than the remainder of purchased assets or assumed liabilities. Loans which have experienced a more-than-insignificant deterioration in credit quality since origination, as determined by our assessment are considered purchased credit deteriorated ("PCD") loans. At acquisition, the expected credit loss of a PCD loan is added to the allowance for credit losses. The non-credit discount or premium is the difference between the unpaid principal balance and amortized cost basis as of the acquisition date of the PCD loan. Subsequent to the acquisition date, the change in the allowance for credit losses on PCD loans is recognized through provision for credit losses. The non-credit discount or premium is accreted or amortized, respectively, into interest income over the remaining life of the PCD loan on a level-yield basis.

Prior to the adoption of CECL, on the date of acquisition, when loans had evidence of credit deterioration since origination and it was probable at the date of acquisition that the Company would not collect all contractually required principal and interest payments ("purchased credit impaired loans"), the difference between contractually required payments at acquisition and the cash flows expected to be collected at acquisition was referred to as the nonaccretable difference. The Company estimated expected cash flows at each reporting date. Subsequent decreases to the expected cash flows would generally result in a provision for credit losses. Subsequent increases in cash flows resulted in a reversal of the provision for credit losses to the extent of prior charges and adjusted accretable yield which would have a positive impact on future interest income. In accordance with the transition requirements within the CECL standard, the Company's purchased credit impaired loans were treated as PCD loans upon adoption.

Income Taxes

As required by GAAP, we use the asset and liability method of accounting for deferred income taxes and provide deferred income taxes for all significant income tax temporary differences. See Note 14, “Income Taxes,” in the notes to consolidated financial statements for additional details.

As part of the process of preparing our consolidated financial statements we are required to estimate our income taxes in each of the jurisdictions in which we operate. This process involves estimating our actual current tax exposure together with assessing temporary differences resulting from differing treatment of items, such as the provision for credit losses and gains on FDIC-assisted transactions, for tax and financial reporting purposes. These differences result in deferred tax assets and liabilities that are included in our consolidated balance sheet.

We must also assess the likelihood that our deferred tax assets will be recovered from future taxable income, and to the extent we believe that recovery is not likely, we must establish a valuation allowance. Significant management judgment is required in determining our provision for income taxes, our deferred tax assets and liabilities and any valuation allowance recorded against our net deferred tax assets. To the extent we establish a valuation allowance or adjust this allowance in a period, we must include an expense within the tax provisions in the statement of income.

Long-Lived Assets, Including Intangibles

Goodwill represents the excess of cost over the fair value of the net assets purchased in business combinations. Goodwill is required to be tested annually for impairment or whenever events occur that may indicate that the recoverability of the carrying amount is not probable. In the event of an impairment, the amount by which the carrying amount exceeds the fair value is charged to earnings. The Company performs its annual impairment testing of goodwill in the fourth quarter of each year.

Intangible assets include core deposit premiums from various past bank acquisitions as well as intangible assets recorded in connection with the USPF acquisition for insurance agent relationships, the "US Premium Finance" trade name and a non-compete agreement.

Core deposit premiums acquired in various past bank acquisitions are based on the established value of acquired customer deposits. The core deposit premium is initially recognized based on a valuation performed as of the acquisition date and is amortized over an estimated useful life of seven to ten years.

The insurance agent relationships, the "US Premium Finance" trade name and non-compete agreement intangible assets acquired in the USPF acquisition are based on the established values as of the acquisition date and are being amortized over estimated useful lives of eight years, seven years and three years, respectively.

The valuation of intangible assets involves significant forward looking assumptions such as economic conditions, market interest rates, asset growth rates, credit losses, etc. Changes in any of these assumptions could materially affect the valuation of the intangible assets.

Amortization periods for intangible assets are reviewed annually in connection with the annual impairment testing of goodwill.

Servicing Assets

We sell residential mortgage and SBA loans with servicing retained. We have also assumed servicing of loans sold with servicing retained, primarily indirect automobile loan pools, in prior acquisitions. When the contractual servicing fees on loans sold with servicing retained are expected to be more than adequate compensation to a servicer for performing the servicing, a capitalized servicing asset is recognized. Servicing assets are subsequently measured using the amortization method which requires servicing rights to be amortized into non-interest income in proportion to, and over the period of, the estimated future net servicing income of the underlying loans. Management makes certain estimates and assumptions related to costs to service varying types of loans and pools of loans, the projected lives of loans and pools of loans sold, and discount factors used in calculating the present values of servicing fees projected to be received.

No less frequently than quarterly for mortgage servicing rights and semi-annually for all other servicing rights, management reviews the status of all loans and pools of loans sold with related capitalized servicing assets to determine if there is any impairment to those assets due to such factors as earlier than estimated repayments or significant prepayments. Any impairment identified in these assets will result in reductions in their carrying values through a valuation allowance and a corresponding increase in operating expenses.

NET INCOME AND EARNINGS PER SHARE

The Company’s net income during 2020 was $262.0 million, or $3.77 per diluted share, compared with $161.4 million, or $2.75 per diluted share, in 2019, and $121.0 million, or $2.80 per diluted share, in 2018.

For the fourth quarter of 2020, the Company recorded net income of $94.3 million, or $1.36 per diluted share, compared with $61.2 million, or $0.88 per diluted share, for the quarter ended December 31, 2019, and $43.5 million, or $0.91 per diluted share, for the quarter ended December 31, 2018.

EARNING ASSETS AND LIABILITIES

Average earning assets were approximately $17.37 billion in 2020, compared with approximately $13.13 billion in 2019. The earning asset and interest-bearing liability mix is regularly monitored to maximize the net interest margin and, therefore, increase return on assets and shareholders’ equity.

The following statistical information should be read in conjunction with the remainder of “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operation” and the consolidated financial statements and related notes included elsewhere in this Annual Report and in the documents incorporated herein by reference.

The following tables set forth the amount of average balance, interest income or interest expense, and average interest rate for each category of interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities, net interest spread and net interest margin on average interest-earning assets. Federally tax-exempt income is presented on a taxable-equivalent basis assuming a 21% federal tax rate.


	Year Ended December 31,
	2020						2019						2018
(dollars in thousands)	Average Balance		Interest Income/ Expense		Average Yield/ Rate Paid		Average Balance		Interest Income/ Expense		Average Yield/ Rate Paid		Average Balance		Interest Income/ Expense		Average Yield/ Rate Paid
Assets
Interest-earning assets:
Federal funds sold, interest-bearing deposits in banks and time deposits in other banks	$	564,921	$	1,886	0.33	%	$	393,733	$	8,815	2.24	%	$	257,579	$	5,211	2.02	%
Investment securities	1,289,800		33,875		2.63		1,400,440		40,889		2.92		1,036,822		30,145		2.91
Loans held for sale	1,497,051		47,760		3.19		667,078		25,003		3.75		140,273		5,709		4.07
Loans	14,018,582		648,137		4.62		10,666,978		566,037		5.31		7,426,531		376,349		5.07



Total interest-earning assets	17,370,354		731,658		4.21		13,128,229		640,744		4.88		8,861,205		417,414		4.71
Noninterest-earning assets	1,870,139						1,492,956						882,796
Total assets	$	19,240,493					$	14,621,185					$	9,744,001

Liabilities and Shareholders' Equity
Interest-bearing liabilities:
Savings and interest-bearing demand deposits	$	7,584,732	$	25,744	0.34	%	$	5,641,123	$	53,048	0.94	%	$	4,032,178	$	26,594	0.66	%
Time deposits	2,385,296		33,323		1.40		2,696,533		49,485		1.84		1,666,639		22,460		1.35
Federal funds purchased and securities sold under agreements to repurchase	12,115		82		0.68		14,043		86		0.61		15,692		23		0.15
FHLB advances	849,546		7,701		0.91		483,735		10,044		2.08		421,891		8,153		1.93
Other borrowings	297,023		15,191		5.11		186,798		11,127		5.96		113,496		6,856		6.04
Subordinated deferrable interest debentures	124,632		6,709		5.38		110,129		7,438		6.75		87,444		5,848		6.69
Total interest-bearing liabilities	11,253,344		88,750		0.79		9,132,361		131,228		1.44		6,337,340		69,934		1.10
Noninterest-bearing demand deposits	5,227,399						3,364,785						2,164,171
Other liabilities	228,331						153,259						64,215
Shareholders' equity	2,531,419						1,970,780						1,178,275
Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity	$	19,240,493					$	14,621,185					$	9,744,001
Interest rate spread					3.42	%					3.44	%					3.61	%
Net interest income			$	642,908					$	509,516					$	347,480
Net interest margin					3.70	%					3.88	%					3.92	%

RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

Net Interest Income

Net interest income represents the amount by which interest income on interest-earning assets exceeds interest expense incurred on interest-bearing liabilities. Net interest income is the largest component of our income and is affected by the interest rate environment and the volume and composition of interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities. Our interest-earning assets include loans, investment securities, other investments, interest-bearing deposits in banks, federal funds sold and time deposits in other banks. Our interest-bearing liabilities include deposits, securities sold under agreements to repurchase, other borrowings and subordinated deferrable interest debentures.

2020 compared with 2019. For the year ended December 31, 2020, interest income was $726.5 million, an increase of $90.1 million, or 14.2%, compared with the same period in 2019. Average earning assets increased $4.24 billion, or 32.3%, to $17.37 billion for the year ended December 31, 2020, compared with $13.13 billion for 2019. Yield on average earning assets on a taxable equivalent basis decreased during 2020 to 4.21%, compared with 4.88% for the year ended December 31, 2019. Average yields on all interest-earning asset categories decreased from 2019 to 2020 as market interest rates declined.

Interest expense on deposits and other borrowings for the year ended December 31, 2020 was $88.8 million, a decrease of $42.5 million, or 32.4%, compared with $131.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2019. During 2020 average interest-bearing liabilities were $11.25 billion as compared with $9.13 billion for 2019, an increase of $2.12 billion, or 23.2%. During 2020, average noninterest-bearing deposit accounts were $5.23 billion and comprised 34.4% of average total deposits, compared with $3.36 billion, or 28.8% of average total deposits, during 2019. Average balances of time deposits amounted to $2.39 billion and comprised 15.7% of average total deposits during 2020, compared with $2.70 billion, or 23.0% of average total deposits, during 2019.

On a taxable-equivalent basis, net interest income for 2020 was $642.9 million, compared with $509.5 million in 2019, an increase of $133.4 million, or 26.2%. The Company’s net interest margin, on a tax equivalent basis, decreased 18 basis points to 3.70% for the year ended December 31, 2020, compared with 3.88% for the year ended December 31, 2019. Accretion income for 2020 increased to $27.4 million, compared with $19.9 million for 2019.

2019 compared with 2018. For the year ended December 31, 2019, interest income was $636.4 million, an increase of $223.1 million, or 54.0%, compared with the same period in 2018. Average earning assets increased $4.27 billion, or 48.2%, to $13.13 billion for the year ended December 31, 2019, compared with $8.86 billion for 2018. Yield on average earning assets on a taxable equivalent basis increased during 2019 to 4.88%, compared with 4.71% for the year ended December 31, 2018. Average yields on all interest-earning asset categories increased from 2018 to 2019 with the exception of loans held for sale, which experienced a decrease from 4.07% in 2018 to 3.75% in 2019.

Interest expense on deposits and other borrowings for the year ended December 31, 2019 was $131.2 million, an increase of $61.3 million, or 87.6%, compared with $69.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2018. During 2019 average interest-bearing liabilities were $9.13 billion as compared with $6.34 billion for 2018, an increase of $2.80 billion, or 44.1%. During 2019, average noninterest-bearing deposit accounts averaged $3.36 billion and comprised 28.8% of average total deposits, compared with $2.16 billion, or 27.5% of average total deposits, during 2018. Average balances of time deposits amounted to $2.70 billion and comprised 23.0% of average total deposits during 2019, compared with $1.67 billion, or 21.2% of average total deposits, during 2018.

On a taxable-equivalent basis, net interest income for 2019 was $509.5 million, compared with $347.5 million in 2018, an increase of $162.0 million, or 46.6%. The Company’s net interest margin, on a tax equivalent basis, decreased four basis points to 3.88% for the year ended December 31, 2019, compared with 3.92% for the year ended December 31, 2018. Accretion income for 2019 increased to $19.9 million, compared with $11.8 million for 2018.

The summary of changes in interest income and interest expense on a fully taxable equivalent basis resulting from changes in volume and changes in rates for each category of earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities for the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019 are shown in the following table:


	2020 vs. 2019						2019 vs. 2018
	Increase		Changes Due To				Increase		Changes Due To
(dollars in thousands)	(Decrease)		Rate		Volume		(Decrease)		Rate		Volume
Increase (decrease) in:
Income from earning assets:
Interest on federal funds sold, interest-bearing deposits in banks and time deposits in other banks	$	(6,929)	$	(10,762)	$	3,833	$	3,604	$	850	$	2,754
Interest on investment securities	(7,014)		(3,784)		(3,230)		10,744		172		10,572
Interest on loans held for sale	22,757		(8,352)		31,109		19,294		(2,147)		21,441
Interest and fees on loans	82,100		(95,751)		177,851		189,688		25,474		164,214
Total interest income	90,914		(118,649)		209,563		223,330		24,349		198,981
Expense from interest-bearing liabilities:
Interest on savings and interest-bearing demand deposits	(27,304)		(45,581)		18,277		26,454		15,842		10,612
Interest on time deposits	(16,162)		(10,450)		(5,712)		27,025		13,146		13,879
Interest on federal funds purchased and securities sold under agreements to repurchase	(4)		8		(12)		63		65		(2)
Interest on FHLB advances	(2,343)		(9,938)		7,595		1,891		696		1,195
Interest on other borrowings	4,064		(2,502)		6,566		4,271		(157)		4,428
Interest on trust preferred securities	(729)		(1,709)		980		1,590		73		1,517
Total interest expense	(42,478)		(70,172)		27,694		61,294		29,665		31,629
Net interest income	$	133,392	$	(48,477)	$	181,869	$	162,036	$	(5,316)	$	167,352

Provision for Credit Losses

The Company's provision for credit losses on loans during 2020 amounted to $125.5 million, compared with $19.8 million for 2019 and $16.7 million for 2018. On January 1, 2020, the Company adopted CECL and measured its allowance for credit losses on loans in 2020 using an expected loss model while 2019 and 2018 were measured under the incurred loss method. The increased provision for 2020 was primarily attributable to declines in forecast economic conditions resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic and organic loan growth. The Company also added additional qualitative factors on its construction and development, residential real estate, commercial real estate and hotel portfolios based principally on risk rating migrations, level of deferrals in the portfolio, expected collateral values and model risk uncertainty. Net charge-offs in 2020 were 0.31% of average loans, compared with 0.10% in 2019 and 0.18% in 2018. The Company sold selected hotel loans during the fourth quarter of 2020 totaling $87.5 million which resulted in charge-offs of $17.2 million. Excluding the impact of the hotel sale, net charge-offs for 2020 would have been 0.18% of average loans.

At December 31, 2020, non-performing assets amounted to $97.2 million, or 0.48% of total assets, compared with $101.3 million, or 0.56% of total assets, at December 31, 2019. Other real estate was approximately $11.9 million as of December 31, 2020, reflecting a 39.1% decrease from the $19.5 million reported at December 31, 2019.

The Company’s allowance for credit losses on loans at December 31, 2020 was $199.4 million, or 1.38% of loans compared with $38.2 million, or 0.30%, and $28.8 million, or 0.34%, at December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively. The increase in the allowance for credit losses on loans as a percentage of loans compared with December 31, 2019 was primarily attributable to the adoption impact of CECL which increased the allowance for credit losses on loans $78.7 million and the provision recorded during 2020.

The Company's provision for unfunded commitments during 2020 amounted to $19.1 million, compared with no such provision for 2019 and 2018. Subsequent to the adoption of CECL, the allowance for unfunded commitments on off-balance sheet credit exposures is estimated by loan segment at each balance sheet date under the current expected credit loss model using the same methodologies as portfolio loans, taking into consideration the likelihood that funding will occur as well as any third-party guarantees. The Company recorded provision for other credit losses during 2020 totaling $830,000, compared with no such provision for 2019 and 2018.

Noninterest Income

Following is a comparison of noninterest income for 2020, 2019 and 2018.


	Years Ended December 31,
(dollars in thousands)	2020		2019		2018
Service charges on deposit accounts	$	44,145	$	50,792	$	46,128
Mortgage banking activities	374,077		119,409		53,654
Other service charges, commissions and fees	3,914		3,566		2,971
Net gain (loss) on securities	5		138		(37)
Gain on sale of SBA loans	7,226		6,058		2,728
Other noninterest income	17,133		18,150		12,968
	$	446,500	$	198,113	$	118,412

2020 compared with 2019. Total noninterest income in 2020 was $446.5 million, compared with $198.1 million in 2019, reflecting an increase of 125.4%, or $248.4 million.

Service charges on deposit accounts decreased by $6.6 million, or 13.1%, to $44.1 million during 2020 compared with 2019. This decrease was primarily attributable to a decline in volume of NSF income which declined $3.8 million compared with 2019. Also contributing to the decrease in service charge revenue was the full year impact of the Durbin Amendment which was effective for the Company beginning in the third quarter of 2019.

Other service charges, commission and fees increased by $348,000 to $3.9 million during 2020, an increase of 9.8% compared with 2019 due primarily to an increase in ATM fees.

Income from mortgage banking activities increased $254.7 million, or 213.3%, to $374.1 million during 2020 compared with 2019. This increase was a result of the full year impact of the Fidelity acquisition and additional growth from the low interest rate environment during 2020. Total production in the retail mortgage division increased to $9.8 billion for 2020, compared with $4.3 billion for 2019, while gain on sale spreads increased in 2020 to 3.79% from 2.75% in 2019. The increase in gain on sale spread is primarily related to improved pricing in the industry amid record production levels in the current low interest rate environment. Noninterest income from the Company's warehouse lending division increased $1.9 million to $3.9 million for 2020 compared with $2.0 million for 2019.

Gain on sale of SBA loans increased by $1.2 million, or 19.3%, to $7.2 million during 2020 compared with 2019, while loans sold were approximately flat at $89.0 million during 2020 compared with 2019.

Other noninterest income decreased by $1.0 million, or 5.6%, to $17.1 million during 2020 compared with 2019. This decrease was primarily due to a reduction in gain on BOLI proceeds of $2.6 million, partially offset by increases in BOLI income and trust services income of $770,000 and $1.7 million, respectively. Non-mortgage loan servicing income decreased $1.1 million in 2020 primarily due to increased amortization and impairment in the current low interest rate environment.

2019 compared with 2018. Total noninterest income in 2019 was $198.1 million, compared with $118.4 million in 2018, reflecting an increase of 67.3%, or $79.7 million.

Service charges on deposit accounts increased by $4.7 million, or 10.1%, to $50.8 million during 2019 compared with 2018. This increase was primarily attributable to the Fidelity acquisition which closed on July 1, 2019 and the full year impact of the Atlantic and Hamilton acquisitions which both closed during the second quarter of 2018. Maintenance service charges on deposits and non-sufficient funds/overdraft charges both increased during 2019 while interchange income decreased slightly due to the impact of the Durbin Amendment beginning in the third quarter of 2019.

Other service charges, commission and fees increased by $595,000 to $3.6 million during 2019, an increase of 20.0% compared with 2018 due primarily to an increase in ATM fees.

Income from mortgage banking activities increased $65.8 million, or 122.6%, to $119.4 million during 2019 compared with 2018. This increase was a result of both the Fidelity acquisition and additional growth from the low interest rate environment during the second half of 2019. Total production in the retail mortgage division increased to $4.3 billion for 2019, compared with $1.8 billion for 2018, while gain on sale spreads decreased in 2019 to 2.75% from 2.92% in 2018. The decrease in gain on

sale spread is primarily related to a shift in product mix and transition of the Fidelity pricing model through conversion. Noninterest income from the Company's warehouse lending division was approximately flat at $2.0 million for 2019 compared with 2018.

Gain on sale of SBA loans increased by $3.3 million, or 122.1%, to $6.1 million during 2019 compared with 2018, reflecting an 118.1% increase in SBA loans sold during 2019 compared with 2018.

Other noninterest income increased by $5.2 million, or 40.0%, to $18.2 million during 2019 compared with 2018. This increase was primarily due to a $2.5 million increase in loan servicing income and a $3.6 million gain on BOLI proceeds due to the unfortunate death of a former officer of Fidelity. Additionally, check order fees, merchant fee income, trust services activities income and income from bank owned life insurance were higher in 2019. These increases were partially offset by $4.5 million in other income recorded during 2018 to reflect a decrease in the USPF acquisition contingent consideration expected to be paid.

Noninterest Expense

Following is a comparison of noninterest expense for 2020, 2019 and 2018.


	Years Ended December 31,
(dollars in thousands)	2020		2019		2018
Salaries and employee benefits	$	360,278	$	223,938	$	149,132
Occupancy and equipment	52,349		40,596		29,131
Advertising and marketing	8,046		7,927		5,571
Amortization of intangible assets	19,612		17,713		9,512
Data processing and communications expenses	46,017		38,513		30,385
Legal and other professional fees	15,972		10,634		6,386
Credit resolution-related expenses	5,106		4,082		4,016
Merger and conversion charges	1,391		73,105		20,499
FDIC insurance	14,078		1,945		3,408
Other noninterest expenses	75,780		53,484		35,607
	$	598,629	$	471,937	$	293,647

2020 compared with 2019. Total noninterest expense increased $126.7 million, or 26.8%, in 2020 to $598.6 million from $471.9 million in 2019. Total noninterest expense for 2020 include approximately $1.4 million in merger-related charges, $624,000 in losses on sale of bank premises, $1.5 million in restructuring charges, $3.3 million in natural disaster and pandemic expenses charges, and $3.1 million in expenses related to the previously announced SEC and DOJ investigation. Total noninterest expense for 2019 include approximately $73.1 million in merger-related charges, $6.0 million in losses on sale of bank premises, $245,000 in restructuring charges, ($39,000) in natural disaster and pandemic expenses charges, and $463,000 in expenses related to the previously announced SEC and DOJ investigation. Excluding these amounts, expenses in 2020 increased by $196.6 million, or 50.1%, compared with 2019 levels.

Salaries and benefits increased $136.3 million, or 60.9%, from $223.9 million in 2019 to $360.3 million in 2020. This increase was primarily attributable to an increase in variable pay resulting from increased production levels in our retail mortgage division. Salaries and benefits in our mortgage division increased $102.3 million, or 124.0%, to $184.8 million in 2020. Also contributing to the increase in salaries and benefits expense was the full year impact of the Fidelity acquisition which closed at the beginning of the third quarter of 2019. Full time equivalent employees decreased from 2,722 at December 31, 2019 to 2,671 at December 31, 2020.

Occupancy costs increased $11.8 million, or 29.0%, from $40.6 million in 2019 to $52.3 million in 2020 due primarily to 62 branch locations being added during 2019 as a result of the Fidelity acquisition, partially offset by branch closures related to previously announced branch consolidations. Also contributing to the increase was approximately $2.1 million in lease termination expense related to locations closed as part of efficiency initiatives.

Amortization of intangible assets increased $1.9 million, or 10.7%, to $19.6 million for 2020 compared with $17.7 million for 2019 due to additional amortization of intangible assets recorded as part of the Fidelity acquisition.

Data processing and telecommunications expenses increased $7.5 million, or 19.5%, to $46.0 million for 2020 compared with $38.5 million for 2019. This increase reflects increased core banking system charges due to an increase in the number of accounts being processed by our core banking system as a result of the Fidelity acquisition and a volume related increase related to elevated production levels in our retail mortgage division.

Legal and other professional fees increased $5.3 million, or 50.2%, from $10.6 million in 2019 to $16.0 million in 2020, primarily due to an increase of $2.6 million related to the previously announced SEC and DOJ investigation.

Merger and conversion charges were $1.4 million in 2020, a decrease of $71.7 million, or 98.1%, compared with $73.1 million recorded for 2019. Merger and conversion charges for both 2020 and 2019 were primarily related to the acquisition of Fidelity.

Other noninterest expense increased $22.3 million, or 41.7%, to $75.8 million in 2020 from $53.5 million in 2019, resulting primarily from increases in loan servicing expense, natural disaster and pandemic charges, insurance expense, and tax and license expenses, partially offset by decreases in loss on fixed assets, deposit charge-offs and travel related expenses. Also contributing to the increase was an increase in variable expenses related to our elevated mortgage production.

2019 compared with 2018. Total noninterest expense increased $178.3 million, or 60.7%, in 2019 to $471.9 million from $293.6 million in 2018. Total noninterest expense for 2019 include approximately $73.1 million in merger-related charges, $6.0 million in losses on sale of bank premises, $245,000 in restructuring charges, ($39,000) in natural disaster and pandemic expenses, and $463,000 in expenses related to the previously announced SEC and DOJ investigation. Total noninterest expense for 2018 includes approximately $20.5 million in merger-related charges, $8.4 million in executive retirement benefits, $983,000 in restructuring charges, $882,000 in natural disaster and pandemic expenses and $1.0 million in losses on sale of bank premises. Excluding these amounts, expenses in 2019 increased by $130.3 million, or 49.8%, compared with 2018 levels.

Salaries and benefits increased $74.8 million, or 50.2%, from $149.1 million in 2018 to $223.9 million in 2019. This increase was primarily attributable to staff additions resulting from the Fidelity acquisition which closed at the beginning of the third quarter of 2019 and an increase in variable pay resulting from increased production levels in our retail mortgage division. Full time equivalent employees increased from 1,804 at December 31, 2018 to 2,722 at December 31, 2019.

Occupancy costs increased $11.5 million, or 39.4%, from $29.1 million in 2018 to $40.6 million in 2019 due primarily to 62 branch locations being added during 2019 as a result of the Fidelity acquisition, partially offset by branch closures related to previously announced branch consolidations.

Amortization of intangible assets increased $8.2 million, or 86.2%, to $17.7 million for 2019 compared with $9.5 million for 2018 due to additional amortization of intangible assets recorded as part of the USPF, Atlantic, Hamilton and Fidelity acquisitions.

Data processing and telecommunications expenses increased $8.1 million, or 26.8%, to $38.5 million for 2019 compared with $30.4 million for 2018. This increase reflects increased core banking system charges due to an increase in the number of accounts being processed by our core banking system as a result of the Atlantic, Hamilton and Fidelity acquisitions and a $1.4 million refund recorded in the second quarter of 2018 related to overcharges on prior billings from a data processing vendor.

Other professional fees increased $4.2 million, or 66.5%, from $6.4 million in 2018 to $10.6 million in 2019, primarily due to consulting fees related to implementation of a new support system and an increase in mortgage consulting related to increases in production volume.

Merger and conversion charges were $73.1 million in 2019, an increase of $52.6 million, or 256.6%, compared with $20.5 million recorded for 2018. Merger and conversion charges in 2019 primarily related to the acquisition of Fidelity while those in 2018 were primarily related to the acquisitions of USPF, Atlantic and Hamilton during 2018, as well as the conversion of both Atlantic and Hamilton to our core system during 2018.

Other noninterest expense increased $17.9 million, or 50.2%, to $53.5 million in 2019 from $35.6 million in 2018, resulting primarily from increases in loss on sale of bank premises, ATM expenses, loan servicing expense, and deposit account charge-offs, partially offset by a decrease in hurricane related expenses and debit card charge-offs. Also contributing to the increase was an increase in variable expenses related to our elevated mortgage production.

Income Taxes

Income tax expense is influenced by statutory federal and state tax rates, the amount of taxable income, the amount of tax-exempt income and the amount of non-deductible expenses. For the year ended December 31, 2020, the Company recorded income tax expense of approximately $78.3 million, compared with $50.1 million recorded in 2019 and $30.5 million recorded in 2018. The Company’s effective tax rate was 23.0%, 23.7% and 20.1% for the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018, respectively.

BALANCE SHEET COMPARISON

LOANS

Management believes that our loan portfolio is adequately diversified. The loan portfolio contains no foreign loans or significant concentrations in any one industry. As of December 31, 2020, approximately 67.0% of our loan portfolio was secured by real estate, compared with 68.0% at December 31, 2019 and 70.2% at December 31, 2018.

The amount of loans outstanding at the indicated dates is shown in the following table according to type of loans.


	December 31,
(dollars in thousands)	2020		2019		2018		2017		2016
Commercial, financial and agricultural	$	1,627,477	$	802,171	$	680,720	$	431,470	$	324,120
Consumer installment	306,995		498,577		482,559		327,430		114,055
Indirect automobile	580,083		1,061,824		—		—		—
Mortgage warehouse	916,353		526,369		360,922		235,300		194,486
Municipal	659,403		564,304		597,945		522,880		385,697
Premium finance	687,841		654,669		410,381		482,536		353,858
Real estate - construction and development	1,606,710		1,549,062		899,097		690,108		444,413
Real estate - commercial and farmland	5,300,006		4,353,039		3,152,388		2,003,685		1,982,573
Real estate - residential	2,796,057		2,808,461		1,927,902		1,352,946		1,465,124
Loans, net of unearned income	$	14,480,925	$	12,818,476	$	8,511,914	$	6,046,355	$	5,264,326

The Company seeks to diversify its loan portfolio across its geographic footprint and in various loan types. Also, the Company’s in-house lending limit for a single loan is $40.0 million for construction loans and $50.0 million for term loans with stabilized cash flows, which would normally prevent a concentration with a single loan project. Certain lending relationships may contain more than one loan and, consequently, exceed the in-house lending limit. The Company regularly monitors its largest loan relationships to avoid a concentration with a single borrower. The largest 25 loan relationships as of December 31, 2020 based on committed amount are summarized below by type.


(dollars in thousands)	Committed Amount		Average Rate		Average Maturity (months)	% Unsecured		% in Nonaccrual Status
Commercial, financial and agricultural	$	63,559	3.13	%	24	2.70	%	—	%


Mortgage warehouse	908,315		3.13	%	3	—		—	%
Municipal	57,635		2.37	%	138	—		—	%

Real estate - construction and development	212,406		3.25	%	29	—		—	%
Real estate - commercial and farmland	387,412		3.81	%	70	—		—	%
Real estate - residential	143		4.00	%	60	—		—	%
Total	$	1,629,470	3.34	%	35	0.11	%	—	%

Total loans as of December 31, 2020, are shown in the following table according to their contractual maturity.


	Contractual Maturity in:
(dollars in thousands)	One Year or Less		Over One Year through Five Years		Over Five Years		Total
Commercial, financial and agricultural	$	165,316	$	1,286,868	$	175,293	$	1,627,477
Consumer installment	32,093		91,994		182,908		306,995
Indirect automobile	20,356		527,676		32,051		580,083
Mortgage warehouse	916,353		—		—		916,353
Municipal	15,162		61,146		583,095		659,403
Premium finance	682,216		5,625		—		687,841
Real estate - construction and development	582,231		732,937		291,542		1,606,710
Real estate - commercial and farmland	530,667		2,330,539		2,438,800		5,300,006
Real estate - residential	73,585		208,911		2,513,561		2,796,057
	$	3,017,979	$	5,245,696	$	6,217,250	$	14,480,925

Total loans which have maturity dates after one year are summarized below by those loans that have predetermined interest rates and those loans that have floating or adjustable interest rates.


(dollars in thousands)	December 31, 2020
Predetermined interest rates	$	8,392,113
Floating or adjustable interest rates	3,070,833
	$	11,462,946

Assets Covered by Loss-Sharing Agreements with the FDIC

Included in loans above are loans that were acquired in FDIC-assisted transactions that were previously covered by the loss-sharing agreements with the FDIC (“covered loans”). The Company terminated its remaining loss-sharing agreements with the FDIC in December 2020 and, therefore, no assets were covered at December 31, 2020. At December 31, 2019, covered loans totaled $30.3 million. OREO that was covered by the loss-sharing agreements with the FDIC totaled $36,000 at December 31, 2019. The loss-sharing agreements were subject to the servicing procedures as specified in the agreements with the FDIC. The expected reimbursements under the loss-sharing agreements were recorded as an indemnification asset at their estimated fair value at the respective acquisition dates. The net FDIC loss-share payable reported at December 31, 2019 was $19.6 million which included the clawback liability of $20.4 million the Bank expected to pay to the FDIC.

Covered loans are shown below according to loan type as of the end of the years shown (in thousands).


	December 31,
(dollars in thousands)	2020		2019		2018		2017		2016
Commercial, financial and agricultural	$	—	$	15	$	577	$	140	$	794
Real estate – construction and development	—		140		730		195		2,992
Real estate – commercial and farmland	—		28		74		107		12,917
Real estate – residential	—		29,937		36,618		29,604		41,389
Consumer installment	—		204		97		107		68
Total covered loans	$	—	$	30,324	$	38,096	$	30,153	$	58,160

ALLOWANCE AND PROVISION FOR CREDIT LOSSES

The allowance for credit losses ("ACL") represents an allowance for expected losses over the remaining contractual life of the assets. The contractual term does not consider extensions, renewals or modifications unless the Company reasonably expects to execute a troubled debt restructuring with a borrower. The Company segregates the loan portfolio by type of loan and utilizes this segregation in evaluating exposure to risks within the portfolio.

The Company estimates the ACL on loans based on the underlying assets’ amortized cost basis, which is the amount at which the financing receivable is originated or acquired, adjusted for applicable accretion or amortization of premium, discount, and net deferred fees or costs, collection of cash, and charge-offs. In the event that collection of principal becomes uncertain, the Company has policies in place to reverse accrued interest in a timely manner. Therefore, the Company has made a policy election to exclude accrued interest from the measurement of ACL.

Expected credit losses are reflected in the ACL through a charge to credit loss expense. When the Company deems all or a portion of a financial asset to be uncollectible the appropriate amount is written off and the ACL is reduced by the same amount. The Company applies judgment to determine when a financial asset is deemed uncollectible; however, generally speaking, an asset will be considered uncollectible no later than when all efforts at collection have been exhausted. Subsequent recoveries, if any, are credited to the ACL when received.

The Company measures expected credit losses of financial assets on a collective (pool) basis, when the financial assets share similar risk characteristics. Depending on the nature of the pool of financial assets with similar risk characteristics, the Company uses the DCF method, the vintage method, the PD×LGD method or a qualitative approach.

The Company’s methodologies for estimating the ACL consider available relevant information about the collectability of cash flows, including information about past events, current conditions, and reasonable and supportable forecasts. The methodologies apply historical loss information, adjusted for asset-specific characteristics, economic conditions at the measurement date, and forecasts about future economic conditions expected to exist through the contractual lives of the financial assets that are reasonable and supportable, to the identified pools of financial assets with similar risk characteristics for which the historical loss experience was observed. The Company’s methodologies revert back to historical loss information on a straight-line basis over four quarters when it can no longer develop reasonable and supportable forecasts.

Prior to the adoption of CECL on January 1, 2020, the allowance for credit losses represented a reserve for probable incurred losses in the loan portfolio. The adequacy of the allowance for credit losses was evaluated periodically based on a review of all significant loans, with a particular emphasis on nonaccruing, past due and other loans that management believed might be potentially impaired or warrant additional attention. We segregated our loan portfolio by type of loan and utilized this segregation in evaluating exposure to risks within the portfolio. In addition, based on internal reviews and external reviews performed by independent loan reviewers and regulatory authorities, we further segregated our loan portfolio by loan grades based on an assessment of risk for a particular loan or group of loans. Certain reviewed loans were assigned specific allowances when a review of relevant data determines that a general allocation is not sufficient or when the review affords management the opportunity to fine tune the amount of exposure in a given credit. In establishing allowances, management considered historical loan loss experience but adjusted this data with a significant emphasis on data such as current loan quality trends, current economic conditions and other factors in the markets where the Bank operates. Factors considered included, among others, current valuations of real estate in our markets, unemployment rates, the effect of weather conditions on agricultural related entities and other significant local economic events, such as major plant closings.

The following table sets forth the breakdown of the allowance for credit losses on loans by loan category for the periods indicated. Management believes the allowance can be allocated only on an approximate basis. The allocation of the allowance to each category is not necessarily indicative of future losses and does not restrict the use of the allowance to absorb losses in any other category.


	December 31,
	2020				2019				2018				2017				2016
(dollars in thousands)	Amount		% of Loans to Total Loans		Amount		% of Loans to Total Loans		Amount		% of Loans to Total Loans		Amount		% of Loans to Total Loans		Amount		% of Loans to Total Loans
Commercial, financial and agricultural	$	7,359	11	%	$	4,567	6	%	$	2,352	8	%	$	2,693	7	%	$	1,451	6	%
Consumer installment	4,076		2		3,784		4		3,795		6		1,926		5		878		2
Indirect automobile	1,929		4		—		8		—		—		—		—		—		—
Mortgage warehouse	3,666		6		640		4		640		4		640		4		642		4
Municipal	791		5		484		4		509		7		519		9		381		7
Premium finance	3,879		5		2,550		5		1,426		5		819		8		360		7
Real estate – construction and development	45,304		11		5,995		12		4,210		11		4,743		11		3,142		8
Real estate – commercial and farmland	88,894		37		9,666		35		9,659		36		8,408		34		8,047		38
Real estate - residential	43,524		19		10,503		22		6,228		23		6,043		22		9,019		28
Total	$	199,422	100	%	$	38,189	100	%	$	28,819	100	%	$	25,791	100	%	$	23,920	100	%

The following table provides an analysis of the allowance for credit losses on loans, provision for credit losses on loans and net charge-offs for the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019, 2018, 2017, and 2016.


	December 31,
(dollars in thousands)	2020		2019		2018		2017		2016
Balance of allowance for credit losses on loans at beginning of period	$	38,189	$	28,819	$	25,791	$	23,920	$	21,062
Adjustment to allowance for adoption of ASU 2016-13	78,661		—		—		—		—
Provision charged to operating expense	125,488		19,758		16,667		8,364		4,091
Charge-offs:
Commercial, financial and agricultural	10,647		3,460		1,908		2,829		1,547
Consumer installment	5,642		5,899		4,414		1,676		409
Indirect automobile	3,602		1,904		—		—		—
Mortgage warehouse	—		—		—		—		640
Municipal	—		—		—		—		—
Premium finance	6,133		4,351		12,467		1,172		—
Real estate – construction and development	83		414		731		253		1,109
Real estate – commercial and farmland	27,504		3,342		356		1,374		1,280
Real estate - residential	853		491		1,255		3,163		1,342
Total charge-offs	54,464		19,861		21,131		10,467		6,327
Recoveries:
Commercial, financial and agricultural	1,889		1,838		1,684		644		1,145
Consumer Installment	1,753		1,620		815		265		330
Indirect Automobile	1,657		445		—		—		—
Mortgage Warehouse	—		—		—		—		—
Municipal	—		—		—		—		—
Premium Finance	3,189		2,754		2,821		914		—
Real estate – construction and development	817		1,745		712		465		686
Real estate – commercial and farmland	1,449		332		752		1,087		1,754
Real estate - residential	794		739		708		599		1,179
Total recoveries	11,548		9,473		7,492		3,974		5,094
Net charge-offs	42,916		10,388		13,639		6,493		1,233
Balance of allowance for credit losses on loans at end of period	$	199,422	$	38,189	$	28,819	$	25,791	$	23,920

The following table provides an analysis of the allowance for credit losses on loans and net charge-offs for loans held for investment.


	December 31,
(dollars in thousands)	2020			2019			2018			2017			2016
Allowance for credit losses on loans at end of period	$	199,422		$	38,189		$	28,819		$	25,791		$	23,920
Net charge-offs (recoveries) for the period	42,916			10,388			13,639			6,493			1,233
Loan balances:
End of period	14,480,925			12,818,476			8,511,914			6,046,355			5,264,326
Average for the period	14,018,582			10,666,978			7,426,531			5,643,960			4,524,710
Net charge-offs as a percentage of average loans	0.31		%	0.10		%	0.18		%	0.12		%	0.03		%
Allowance for credit losses on loans as a percentage of end of period loans	1.38		%	0.30		%	0.34		%	0.43		%	0.45		%

At December 31, 2020, the allowance for credit losses on loans totaled $199.4 million, or 1.38% of loans, compared with $38.2 million, or 0.30% of loans, at December 31, 2019. The increase in the allowance for credit losses on loans as a percentage of loans compared with December 31, 2019 was primarily attributable to the adoption impact of CECL which increased the allowance for credit losses on loans $78.7 million and the provision recorded during 2020. For the year ended December 31, 2020, our net charge off ratio as a percentage of average loans increased to 0.31%, compared with 0.10% for the year ended December 31, 2019. This increase was primarily a result of the sale of certain hotel loans totaling $87.5 million during the fourth quarter of 2020 which resulted in charge offs of $17.2 million. The hotel loans sold were selected based on a number of factors, including the level of relationship with the borrower, tier of hotel brand underlying the property and market conditions in the area.

The provision for credit losses on loans for the year ended December 31, 2020 increased to $125.5 million, compared with $19.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2019. This increase primarily resulted from a decline in forecast economic conditions compared with the forecast at the adoption of CECL and organic loan growth during 2020. As of December 31, 2020 our ratio of nonperforming assets to total assets had decreased slightly to 0.48% from 0.56% at December 31, 2019.

NONPERFORMING LOANS

A loan is placed on nonaccrual status when, in management’s judgment, the collection of the interest income appears doubtful. Interest receivable that has been accrued and is subsequently determined to have doubtful collectability is reversed against interest income. Interest on loans that are classified as nonaccrual is recognized when received. Past due loans are placed on nonaccrual status when principal or interest is past due 90 days or more unless the loan is well secured and in the process of collection. In some cases, where borrowers are experiencing financial difficulties, loans may be restructured to provide terms significantly different from the original contractual terms. The following table presents an analysis of loans accounted for on a nonaccrual basis and loans contractually past due 90 days or more as to interest or principal payments and still accruing.


	December 31,
(dollars in thousands)	2020		2019		2018		2017		2016
Nonaccrual loans
Commercial, financial and agricultural	$	9,836	$	9,236	$	2,611	$	2,120	$	2,505
Consumer installment	709		831		1,015		531		609
Indirect automobile	2,831		1,746		—		—		—


Premium finance	—		600		—		—		—
Real estate - construction and development	5,407		1,988		7,011		3,692		3,159
Real estate - commercial and farmland	18,517		23,797		10,187		8,350		18,930
Real estate - residential	39,157		36,926		21,234		14,937		15,877
Total	$	76,457	$	75,124	$	42,058	$	29,630	$	41,080
Loans contractually past due 90 days or more as to interest or principal payments and still accruing	$	8,326	$	5,754	$	4,222	$	5,991	$	—

Troubled Debt Restructurings

The restructuring of a loan is considered a “troubled debt restructuring” if both (i) the borrower is experiencing financial difficulties and (ii) the Company has granted a concession.

As of December 31, 2020 and 2019, the Company had a balance of $85.0 million and $35.2 million, respectively, in troubled debt restructurings. These totals do not include COVID-19 loan modifications accounted for under Section 4013 of the CARES Act. Further information on these loans is set forth under the heading "COVID-19 Deferrals" below. The following table presents the amount of troubled debt restructurings by loan class classified separately as accrual and non-accrual at December 31, 2020 and 2019.


As of December 31, 2020	Accruing Loans			Non-Accruing Loans
Loan class	#	Balance (in thousands)		#	Balance (in thousands)
Commercial, financial and agricultural	9	$	521	11	$	849
Consumer installment	10	32		20	56
Indirect automobile	437	2,277		51	461



Real estate - construction and development	4	506		5	707
Real estate - commercial and farmland	28	36,707		7	1,401
Real estate - residential	264	38,800		34	2,671
Total	752	$	78,843	128	$	6,145


As of December 31, 2019	Accruing Loans			Non-Accruing Loans
Loan class	#	Balance (in thousands)		#	Balance (in thousands)
Commercial, financial and agricultural	5	$	516	17	$	335
Consumer installment	4	8		27	107



Premium finance	1	156		—	—
Real estate - construction and development	6	936		3	253
Real estate - commercial and farmland	21	6,732		8	2,071
Real estate - residential	197	21,261		40	2,857
Total	234	$	29,609	95	$	5,623

The following table presents the amount of troubled debt restructurings by loan class classified separately as those currently paying under restructured terms and those that have defaulted (defined as 30 days past due) under restructured terms at December 31, 2020 and 2019.


As of December 31, 2020	Loans Currently Paying Under Restructured Terms			Loans that have Defaulted Under Restructured Terms
Loan class	#	Balance (in thousands)		#	Balance (in thousands)
Commercial, financial and agricultural	11	$	532	9	$	839
Consumer installment	12	33		18	55
Indirect automobile	411	2,138		77	600



Real estate - construction and development	5	507		4	706
Real estate - commercial and farmland	29	36,512		6	1,595
Real estate - residential	249	35,348		49	6,123
Total	717	$	75,070	163	$	9,918


As of December 31, 2019	Loans Currently Paying Under Restructured Terms			Loans that have Defaulted Under Restructured Terms
Loan class	#	Balance (in thousands)		#	Balance (in thousands)
Commercial, financial and agricultural	11	$	730	11	$	121
Consumer installment	18	58		13	57



Premium finance	1	156		—	—
Real estate - construction and development	8	1,187		1	2
Real estate - commercial and farmland	22	6,437		7	2,366
Real estate - residential	182	19,664		55	4,454
Total	242	$	28,232	87	$	7,000

The following table presents the amount of troubled debt restructurings by types of concessions made, classified separately as accrual and non-accrual at December 31, 2020 and 2019.


As of December 31, 2020	Accruing Loans			Non-Accruing Loans
Type of Concession	#	Balance (in thousands)		#	Balance (in thousands)
Forgiveness of interest	1	$	73	—	$	—
Forbearance of interest	19	2,255		7	1,044

Forbearance of principal	563	58,131		72	3,372
Forbearance of principal, extended amortization	—	—		1	204
Rate reduction only	66	8,893		4	525
Rate reduction, maturity extension	—	—		1	5
Rate reduction, forbearance of interest	41	3,472		9	389
Rate reduction, forbearance of principal	21	2,609		25	193
Rate reduction, forgiveness of interest	41	3,410		8	412
Rate reduction, forgiveness of principal	—	—		1	1
Total	752	$	78,843	128	$	6,145


As of December 31, 2019	Accruing Loans			Non-Accruing Loans
Type of Concession	#	Balance (in thousands)		#	Balance (in thousands)

Forbearance of interest	16	$	1,860	14	$	1,993
Forgiveness of principal	—	—		1	666
Forbearance of principal	27	6,294		10	605
Forbearance of principal, extended amortization	—	—		1	225
Rate reduction only	72	9,887		7	538
Rate reduction, maturity extension	—	—		2	15
Rate reduction, forbearance of interest	49	4,250		19	793
Rate reduction, forbearance of principal	19	3,267		30	264
Rate reduction, forgiveness of interest	51	4,051		10	523
Rate reduction, forgiveness of principal	—	—		1	1
Total	234	$	29,609	95	$	5,623

The following table presents the amount of troubled debt restructurings by collateral types, classified separately as accrual and non-accrual at December 31, 2020 and 2019.


As of December 31, 2020	Accruing Loans			Non-Accruing Loans
Collateral Type	#	Balance (in thousands)		#	Balance (in thousands)
Warehouse	4	$	248	2	$	305
Raw land	5	4,611		7	1,135

Hotel and motel	4	22,372		—	—
Office	6	1,281		—	—
Retail, including strip centers	13	8,627		—	—
1-4 family residential	266	38,913		35	3,170
Church	—	—		1	166

Automobile/equipment/CD	454	2,791		82	1,368

Unsecured	—	—		1	1
Total	752	$	78,843	128	$	6,145


As of December 31, 2019	Accruing Loans			Non-Accruing Loans
Collateral Type	#	Balance (in thousands)		#	Balance (in thousands)
Warehouse	4	$	267	2	$	442
Raw land	5	869		5	732

Hotel and motel	2	364		1	241
Office	3	531		1	342
Retail, including strip centers	11	5,520		—	—
1-4 family residential	200	21,404		40	3,232
Church	—	—		1	183
Automobile/equipment/CD	8	498		43	436
Livestock	—	—		1	14
Unsecured	1	156		1	1
Total	234	$	29,609	95	$	5,623

COVID-19 Deferrals

In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, the Company offered affected borrowers payment relief under its Disaster Relief Program. These modifications primarily consisted of short-term payment deferrals or interest-only periods to assist customers. The Company has begun providing payment modifications to certain borrowers in economically sensitive industries of various terms up to nine months. Modifications related to the COVID-19 pandemic and qualifying under the provisions of Section 4013 of the CARES Act are not deemed to be troubled debt restructurings. As of December 31, 2020, $332.8 million in loans remained in payment deferral under the COVID-19 pandemic Disaster Relief Program.

The table below presents short-term deferrals related to the COVID-19 pandemic that were not considered TDRs.


(dollars in thousands)	COVID-19 Deferrals		Deferrals as a % of total loans
Commercial, financial and agricultural	$	12,471	0.8	%
Consumer installment	1,418		0.5	%
Indirect automobile	8,936		1.5	%



Real estate – construction and development	11,049		0.7	%
Real estate – commercial and farmland	179,183		3.4	%
Real estate – residential	119,722		4.3	%
	$	332,779	2.3	%

LIQUIDITY AND INTEREST RATE SENSITIVITY

Liquidity management involves the matching of the cash flow requirements of customers, who may be either depositors desiring to withdraw funds or borrowers needing assurance that sufficient funds will be available to meet their credit needs, and the ability of our Company to meet those needs. We seek to meet liquidity requirements primarily through management of short-term investments (principally interest-bearing deposits in banks) and monthly amortizing loans. Another source of liquidity is the repayment of maturing single payment loans. In addition, our Company maintains relationships with correspondent banks, including the FHLB and the Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta, which could provide funds on short notice, if needed.

A principal objective of our asset/liability management strategy is to minimize our exposure to changes in interest rates by matching the maturity and repricing horizons of interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities. This strategy is overseen in part through the direction of our Asset and Liability Committee (the “ALCO Committee”) which establishes policies and monitors results to control interest rate sensitivity.

As part of our interest rate risk management policy, the ALCO Committee examines the extent to which its assets and liabilities are “interest rate sensitive” and monitors its interest rate-sensitivity “gap.” An asset or liability is considered to be interest rate sensitive if it will reprice or mature within the time period analyzed, usually one year or less. The interest rate-sensitivity gap is the difference between the interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities scheduled to mature or reprice within such time period. A gap is considered positive when the amount of interest rate-sensitive assets exceeds the amount of interest rate-sensitive liabilities. A gap is considered negative when the amount of interest rate-sensitive liabilities exceeds the interest rate-sensitive assets. During a period of rising interest rates, a negative gap would tend to adversely affect net interest income, while a positive gap would tend to result in an increase in net interest income. During a period of falling interest rates, a negative gap would tend to result in an increase in net interest income, while a positive gap would tend to adversely affect net interest income. If our assets and liabilities were equally flexible and moved concurrently, the impact of any increase or decrease in interest rates on net interest income would be minimal.

A simple interest rate “gap” analysis by itself may not be an accurate indicator of how net interest income will be affected by changes in interest rates. Accordingly, the ALCO Committee also evaluates how the repayment of particular assets and liabilities is impacted by changes in interest rates. Income associated with interest-earning assets and costs associated with interest-bearing liabilities may not be affected uniformly by changes in interest rates. In addition, the magnitude and duration of changes in interest rates may have a significant impact on net interest income. For example, although certain assets and liabilities may have similar maturities or periods of repricing, they may not react identically to changes in market interest rates. Interest rates on certain types of assets and liabilities fluctuate in advance of changes in general market interest rates, while interest rates on other types may lag behind changes in general market rates. In addition, certain assets, such as adjustable rate mortgage loans, have features (generally referred to as “interest rate caps”) which limit changes in interest rates on a short-term basis and over the life of the asset. In the event of a change in interest rates, prepayment and early withdrawal levels also could deviate significantly from those assumed in calculating the interest rate gap. The ability of many borrowers to service their debts also may decrease in the event of an interest rate increase.

We manage the mix of asset and liability maturities in an effort to control the effects of changes in the general level of interest rates on net interest income. Except for its effect on the general level of interest rates, inflation does not have a material impact on the balance sheet due to the rate variability and short-term maturities of its earning assets. In particular, approximately

39.7% of earning assets mature or reprice within one year or less. Mortgage loans, generally our loan category with the longest maturity, are usually made with fifteen to thirty year maturities, but a portion is at a variable interest rate with an adjustment between origination date and maturity date.

In July 2017, the Financial Conduct Authority, which is the authority that regulates LIBOR, announced that it intends to stop compelling banks to submit rates for the calculation of LIBOR after 2021. The ARRC has proposed a paced market transition plan to SOFR from LIBOR, and organizations are currently working on industry wide and company specific transition plans as it relates to derivatives and cash markets exposed to LIBOR. While the ARRC recommended SOFR as the preferred alternative to LIBOR, the federal banking agencies issued a statement in November 2020 reiterating that the use of SOFR is voluntary and they are not endorsing a specific replacement rate. Rather, the agencies recognized that each institution's funding model is different and it is appropriate to select suitable replacement rates for LIBOR that are most appropriate given their specific circumstances. The Company has material contracts that are indexed to LIBOR, which include certain financial instruments within investment securities, loans, other borrowings, subordinated deferrable interest debentures and derivative financial instruments. Company management is monitoring this development in the financial markets and is evaluating the related risks. The Company has established a working committee with representatives from relevant functional areas to inventory the contracts and accounts that are tied to LIBOR and develop a transition plan for the affected items.

The following table sets forth the distribution of the repricing of our interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities as of December 31, 2020, the interest rate sensitivity gap (i.e., interest rate sensitive assets minus interest rate sensitive liabilities), the cumulative interest rate sensitivity gap, the interest rate sensitivity gap ratio (i.e., interest rate sensitive assets divided by interest rate sensitive liabilities) and the cumulative interest rate sensitivity gap ratio. The table also sets forth the time periods in which earning assets and liabilities will mature or may reprice in accordance with their contractual terms. However, the table does not necessarily indicate the impact of general interest rate movements on the net interest margin since the repricing of various categories of assets and liabilities is subject to competitive pressures and the needs of our customers. In addition, various assets and liabilities indicated as repricing within the same period may in fact reprice at different times within such period and at different rates.


	December 31, 2020
	Maturing or Repricing Within
(dollars in thousands)	Zero to Three Months		Three Months to One Year		One to Five Years		Over Five Years		Total
Interest-earning assets:
Federal funds sold and interest-bearing deposits in banks	$	1,913,957	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	1,913,957
Time deposits in other banks	—		249		—		—		249
Investment securities	24,957		112,788		345,009		500,125		982,879
Loans held for sale	1,167,659		—		—		—		1,167,659
Loans	2,811,563		1,533,617		5,402,717		4,733,028		14,480,925


	5,918,136		1,646,654		5,747,726		5,233,153		18,545,669

Interest-bearing liabilities:
Interest-bearing demand deposits	3,241,057		—		—		—		3,241,057
Money market deposit accounts	4,683,203		—		—		—		4,683,203
Savings	837,711		—		—		—		837,711
Time deposits	521,349		1,170,177		351,910		1,346		2,044,782
Federal funds purchased and securities sold under agreements to repurchase	11,641		—		—		—		11,641
FHLB advances	—		—		15,000		33,955		48,955
Other borrowings	—		—		376,200		—		376,200
Trust preferred securities	124,345		—		—		—		124,345
	9,419,306		1,170,177		743,110		35,301		11,367,894

Interest rate sensitivity gap	$	(3,501,170)	$	476,477	$	5,004,616	$	5,197,852	$	7,177,775

Cumulative interest rate sensitivity gap	$	(3,501,170)	$	(3,024,693)	$	1,979,923	$	7,177,775

Interest rate sensitivity gap ratio	0.63		1.41		7.73		148.24

Cumulative interest rate sensitivity gap ratio	0.63		0.71		1.17		1.63

INVESTMENT PORTFOLIO

Following is a summary of the carrying value of investment securities available for sale as of the end of each reported period:


	December 31,
(dollars in thousands)	2020		2019		2018
U.S. government sponsored agencies	$	17,504	$	22,362	$	—
State, county and municipal securities	66,778		105,260		150,733
Corporate debt securities	51,896		52,999		67,314
SBA pool securities	62,497		73,912		77,804
Mortgage-backed securities	784,204		1,148,870		896,572
	$	982,879	$	1,403,403	$	1,192,423

The amounts of securities available for sale in each category as of December 31, 2020 are shown in the following table according to contractual maturity classifications: (i) one year or less, (ii) after one year through five years, (iii) after five years through ten years and (iv) after ten years.


	U.S. Government Sponsored Agencies				State, County and Municipal Securities				Corporate Debt Securities
(dollars in thousands)	Amount		Yield (1)		Amount		Yield (1)(2)		Amount		Yield (1)
One year or less	$	10,107	1.94	%	$	11,449	3.55	%	$	8,538	2.19	%
After one year through five years	7,397		1.93	%	21,635		3.83	%	6,085		3.47	%
After five years through ten years	—		—	%	21,720		3.76	%	35,590		5.34	%
After ten years	—		—	%	11,974		4.02	%	1,683		4.35	%
	$	17,504	1.93	%	$	66,778	3.79	%	$	51,896	4.57	%

	SBA Pool Securities				Mortgage-backed Securities
	Amount		Yield (1)		Amount		Yield (1)
One year or less	$	134	2.02	%	$	333	2.92	%
After one year through five years	16,159		2.19	%	98,709		2.73	%
After five years through ten years	11,662		2.27	%	207,776		2.67	%
After ten years	34,542		2.47	%	477,386		2.17	%
	$	62,497	2.36	%	$	784,204	2.37	%

(1)Yields were computed using coupon interest, adding discount accretion or subtracting premium amortization, as appropriate, on a ratable basis over the life of each security. The weighted average yield for each maturity range was computed using the amortized cost of each security in that range.

(2)Yields on securities of state and political subdivisions are stated on a taxable-equivalent basis, using a tax rate of 21%.

The investment portfolio consists of securities which are classified as available for sale and recorded at fair value with unrealized gains and losses excluded from earnings and reported in accumulated other comprehensive income, net of the related deferred tax effect.

The amortization of premiums and accretion of discounts are recognized in interest income using methods approximating the interest method over the life of the securities. Realized gains and losses, determined on the basis of the cost of specific securities sold, are included in earnings on the trade date.

the above criteria is not met, management evaluates whether the decline in fair value is attributable to credit or resulted from other factors. The Company does not intend to sell these investment securities at an unrealized loss position at December 31, 2020, and it is more likely than not that the Company will not be required to sell these securities prior to recovery or maturity. Based on the results of management's review, at December 31, 2020, management determined $112,000 was attributable to credit impairment and increased the allowance for credit losses accordingly. The remaining $443,000 in unrealized loss was determined to be from factors other than credit.

The Company’s investments in subordinated debt include investments in regional and super-regional banks on which the Company conducts regular analysis through review of financial information or credit ratings. Investments in preferred securities are also concentrated in the preferred obligations of regional and super-regional banks through non-pooled investment structures. The Company did not hold any investments in “pooled” trust preferred securities at December 31, 2020.

DEPOSITS

Average amount of various deposit classes and the average rates paid thereon are presented below.


	Year Ended December 31,
	2020				2019
(dollars in thousands)	Amount		Rate		Amount		Rate
Noninterest-bearing demand	$	5,227,399	—	%	$	3,364,785	—	%
NOW	2,605,349		0.25		1,831,024		0.54
Money market	4,259,467		0.44		3,280,233		1.29
Savings	719,916		0.08		529,866		0.13
Time	2,385,296		1.40		2,696,533		1.84
Total deposits	$	15,197,427	0.39	%	$	11,702,441	0.88	%

We have a large, stable base of time deposits with little or no dependence on what we consider volatile deposits. Volatile deposits, in management’s opinion, are those deposit accounts that are overly rate sensitive and apt to move if our rate offerings are not at or near the top of the market. Generally speaking, these are brokered deposits or time deposits in amount greater than $100,000.

At December 31, 2020, the Company had brokered deposits of $430.2 million. The amounts of time certificates of deposit issued in amounts of $100,000 or more as of December 31, 2020, are shown below by category, which is based on time remaining until maturity of (i) three months or less, (ii) over three through twelve months and (iii) greater than one year.


(dollars in thousands)	December 31, 2020
Three months or less	$	326,314
Three months to one year	717,212
One year or greater	197,324
Total	$	1,240,850

OFF-BALANCE-SHEET ARRANGEMENTS AND CONTRACTUAL OBLIGATIONS

In the ordinary course of business, our Bank has granted commitments to extend credit to approved customers. Generally, these commitments to extend credit have been granted on a temporary basis for seasonal or inventory requirements or for construction period financing and have been approved within the Bank’s credit guidelines. Our Bank has also granted commitments to approved customers for financial standby letters of credit. These commitments are recorded in the financial statements when funds are disbursed or the financial instruments become payable. The Bank uses the same credit policies for these off-balance-sheet commitments as it does for financial instruments that are recorded in the consolidated financial statements. Commitments generally have fixed expiration dates or other termination clauses and may require payment of a fee. Since many of the commitment amounts expire without being drawn upon, the total commitment amounts do not necessarily represent future cash requirements.

The following table summarizes commitments outstanding at December 31, 2020 and 2019.


	December 31,
(dollars in thousands)	2020		2019
Commitments to extend credit	$	2,826,719	$	2,486,949
Unused lines of credit	259,015		262,089
Financial standby letters of credit	33,613		29,232
Mortgage interest rate lock commitments	1,199,939		288,490
Mortgage forward contracts with positive fair value	—		—
Mortgage forward contracts with negative fair value	2,128,000		1,814,669
	$	6,447,286	$	4,881,429

The following table summarizes short-term borrowings for the periods indicated.


	Year Ended December 31,
	2020				2019				2018
(dollars in thousands)	Average Balance		Average Rate		Average Balance		Average Rate		Average Balance		Average Rate
Federal funds purchased and securities sold under agreement to repurchase	$	12,115	0.68	%	$	14,043	0.61	%	$	15,692	0.15	%


	Year Ended December 31,
	2020		2019		2018
(dollars in thousands)	Total Balance		Total Balance		Total Balance
Total maximum short-term borrowings outstanding at any month-end during the year	$	15,998	$	23,626	$	23,270

As of December 31, 2019, the Company had a cash flow hedge which matured September 15, 2020 with a notional amount of $37.1 million, for the purpose of converting the variable rate on the junior subordinated debentures to a fixed rate of 4.11%. The interest rate swap, which was classified as a cash flow hedge, was indexed to 90-Day LIBOR.

As of December 31, 2020, letters of credit issued by the Federal Home Loan Bank totaling $490.3 million were used to guarantee the Bank’s performance related to a portion of its public fund deposit balances.

The following table sets forth certain information about contractual cash obligations as of December 31, 2020.


	Payments Due After December 31, 2020
(dollars in thousands)	Total		1 Year or Less		1-3 Years		4-5 Years		>5 Years
Deposits without a stated maturity	$	14,913,041	$	14,913,041	$	—	$	—	$	—
Time certificates of deposit	2,044,782		1,691,527		308,429		43,480		1,346
Repurchase agreements with customers	11,641		11,641		—		—		—
Other borrowings	428,759		—		—		15,000		413,759
Subordinated deferrable interest debentures	154,390		—		—		—		154,390
Operating lease obligations	81,901		13,164		19,403		14,643		34,691
Strategic marketing and promotional arrangements	3,600		900		1,800		900		—
Total contractual cash obligations	$	17,638,114	$	16,630,273	$	329,632	$	74,023	$	604,186

At December 31, 2020, estimated costs to complete construction projects in progress and other binding commitments for capital expenditures were not a material amount.

CAPITAL ADEQUACY

Capital Regulations

The capital resources of the Company are monitored on a periodic basis by state and federal regulatory authorities. During 2020, the Company’s capital increased $177.5 million, primarily due to net income of $262.0 million, which was partially offset by the cash dividends declared on common shares of $41.7 million and the adoption impact of CECL of $56.7 million. During 2019, the Company’s capital increased $1.01 billion, primarily due to the issuance of Common Stock of $869.3 million and net income of $161.4 million, which amounts were partially offset by the cash dividends declared on common shares of $30.4 million and treasury stock purchases of $18.4 million. For both 2020 and 2019, other capital related transactions, such as other comprehensive income, share-based compensation, common stock issuances through the exercise of stock options, and issuances of shares of restricted stock accounted for only a small change in the capital of the Company.

Under the regulatory capital frameworks adopted by the Federal Reserve and the FDIC, Ameris and the Bank must each maintain a common equity Tier 1 capital to total risk-weighted assets ratio of at least 4.5%, a Tier 1 capital to total risk-weighted assets ratio of at least 6%, a total capital to total risk-weighted assets ratio of at least 8% and a leverage ratio of Tier 1 capital to average total consolidated assets of at least 4%. Ameris and the Bank are also required to maintain a capital conservation buffer of common equity Tier 1 capital of at least 2.5% of risk-weighted assets in addition to the minimum risk-based capital ratios in order to avoid certain restrictions on capital distributions and discretionary bonus payments.

In March 2020, the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency, the FRB and the FDIC issued an interim final rule that delays the estimated impact on regulatory capital stemming from the implementation of CECL. The interim final rule provides banking organizations that implement CECL in 2020 the option to delay for two years an estimate of CECL’s effect on regulatory capital, relative to the incurred loss methodology’s effect on regulatory capital, followed by a three-year transition period. As a result, the Company and Bank elected the five-year transition relief allowed under the interim final rule effective March 31, 2020.

The following table summarizes the regulatory capital levels of Ameris at December 31, 2020.


	Actual				Required				Excess
(dollars in thousands)	Amount		Percent		Amount		Percent		Amount		Percent
Tier 1 Leverage Ratio (tier 1 capital to average assets)
Consolidated	$	1,701,997	8.99	%	$	757,195	4.00	%	$	944,802	4.99	%
Ameris Bank	$	1,964,717	10.39	%	$	756,510	4.00	%	$	1,208,207	6.39	%
CET1 Ratio (common equity tier 1 capital to risk weighted assets)
Consolidated	$	1,701,997	11.14	%	$	1,069,425	7.00	%	$	632,572	4.14	%
Ameris Bank	$	1,964,717	12.87	%	$	1,068,756	7.00	%	$	895,961	5.87	%
Tier 1 Capital Ratio (tier 1 capital to risk weighted assets)
Consolidated	$	1,701,997	11.14	%	$	1,298,588	8.50	%	$	403,409	2.64	%
Ameris Bank	$	1,964,717	12.87	%	$	1,297,775	8.50	%	$	666,942	4.37	%
Total Capital Ratio (total capital to risk weighted assets)
Consolidated	$	2,332,385	15.27	%	$	1,604,138	10.50	%	$	728,247	4.77	%
Ameris Bank	$	2,165,760	14.19	%	$	1,603,134	10.50	%	$	562,626	3.69	%

The required CET1 Ratio, Tier 1 Capital Ratio, and the Total Capital Ratio reflected in the table above include a capital conservation buffer of 2.50%.

INFLATION

The consolidated financial statements and related consolidated financial data presented herein have been prepared in accordance with GAAP and practices within the banking industry which require the measurement of financial position and operating results in terms of historical dollars without considering the changes in the relative purchasing power of money over time due to inflation. Unlike most industrial companies, virtually all the assets and liabilities of a financial institution are monetary in nature. As a result, interest rates have a more significant impact on a financial institution’s performance than the effects of general levels of inflation.

QUARTERLY FINANCIAL INFORMATION

The following table sets forth certain consolidated quarterly financial information of the Company. This information is derived from unaudited consolidated financial statements, which include, in the opinion of management, all normal recurring adjustments which management considers necessary for a fair presentation of the results for such periods.


	Three Months Ended
(dollars in thousands, except per share data)	December 31, 2020		September 30, 2020		June 30, 2020		March 31, 2020
Selected Income Statement Data:
Interest income	$	178,783	$	179,934	$	185,018	$	182,768
Interest expense	15,327		17,396		21,204		34,823
Net interest income	163,456		162,538		163,814		147,945
Provision for credit losses	(1,510)		17,682		88,161		41,047
Net interest income after provision for credit losses	164,966		144,856		75,653		106,898
Noninterest income	112,143		159,018		120,960		54,379
Noninterest expense excluding merger and conversion charges	151,116		153,736		154,873		137,513
Merger and conversion charges	—		(44)		895		540
Income before income taxes	125,993		150,182		40,845		23,224
Income tax	31,708		34,037		8,609		3,902
Net income	$	94,285	$	116,145	$	32,236	$	19,322

Per Share Data:
Net income – basic	$	1.36	$	1.68	$	0.47	$	0.28
Net income – diluted	1.36		1.67		0.47		0.28
Common dividends - cash	0.15		0.15		0.15		0.15


	Three Months Ended
(dollars in thousands)	December 31, 2019		September 30, 2019		June 30, 2019		March 31, 2019
Selected Income Statement Data:
Interest income	$	194,076	$	188,361	$	129,028	$	124,929
Interest expense	38,725		39,592		27,377		25,534
Net interest income	155,351		148,769		101,651		99,395
Provision for credit losses	5,693		5,989		4,668		3,408
Net interest income after provision for credit losses	149,658		142,780		96,983		95,987
Noninterest income	55,113		76,993		35,236		30,771
Noninterest expense excluding merger and conversion charges	120,149		127,539		77,776		73,368
Merger and conversion charges	2,415		65,158		3,475		2,057
Income before income taxes	82,207		27,076		50,968		51,333
Income tax	20,959		5,692		12,064		11,428
Net income	$	61,248	$	21,384	$	38,904	$	39,905

Per Share Data:
Net income – basic	$	0.88	$	0.31	$	0.82	$	0.84
Net income – diluted	0.88		0.31		0.82		0.84
Common dividends - cash	0.15		0.15		0.10		0.10

ITEM 7A. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK

We are exposed only to U.S. Dollar interest rate changes and, accordingly, we manage exposure by considering the possible changes in the net interest margin. We do not have any trading instruments nor do we classify any portion of the investment portfolio as trading. Finally, we have no exposure to foreign currency exchange rate risk, commodity price risk or other market risks.

Interest rates play a major part in the net interest income of a financial institution. The sensitivity to rate changes is known as “interest rate risk.” The repricing of interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities can influence the changes in net interest income. As part of our asset/liability management program, the timing of repriced assets and liabilities is referred to as gap management.

As indicated by the table below, we are asset sensitive in relation to changes in market interest rates in the one-year and two-year time horizons. Being asset sensitive would result in net interest income increasing in a rising rate environment and decreasing in a declining rate environment.

We use simulation analysis to monitor changes in net interest income due to changes in market interest rates. The simulation of rising, declining and flat interest rate scenarios allow management to monitor and adjust interest rate sensitivity to minimize the impact of market interest rate swings. The analysis of the impact on net interest income over a twelve-month period is subjected to an instantaneous 100 basis point increase or 100 basis point decrease in market rates on net interest income and is monitored on a quarterly basis. Our most recent model projects net interest income would increase if rates rise 100 basis points over the next year. A scenario involving more than a 100 basis point decrease is less meaningful at this time due to the level of current market rates.

The following table presents the earnings simulation model’s projected impact of a change in interest rates on the projected baseline net interest income for the 12- and 24-month periods commencing January 1, 2021. This change in interest rates assumes parallel shifts in the yield curve and does not take into account changes in the slope of the yield curve.


Earnings Simulation Model Results
Change in	% Change in Projected Baseline
Interest Rates	Net Interest Income
(in bps)	12 Months	24 Months
400	18.5%	34.1%
300	14.1%	26.2%
200	9.4%	17.7%
100	4.5%	8.9%
(100)	(1.3)%	(3.9)%

In the event of a shift in interest rates, we may take certain actions intended to mitigate the negative impact to net interest income or to maximize the positive impact to net interest income. These actions may include, but are not limited to, restructuring of interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities, seeking alternative funding sources or investment opportunities and modifying the pricing or terms of loans, leases and deposits.

Impact of Inflation and Changing Prices

The consolidated financial statements and related notes presented elsewhere in this report have been prepared in accordance with GAAP. This requires the measurement of financial position and operating results in terms of historical dollars without considering the changes in the relative purchasing power of money over time due to inflation. Unlike most industrial companies, the vast majority of our assets and liabilities are monetary in nature. As a result, interest rates have a greater impact on our performance than do the effects of general levels of inflation. Interest rates do not necessarily move in the same direction or to the same extent as the prices of goods and services.

ITEM 8. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA

Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

Consolidated Balance Sheets – December 31, 2020 and 2019

Consolidated Statements of Income – Years ended December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018

Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income – Years ended December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018

Consolidated Statements of Shareholders' Equity – Years ended December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows – Years ended December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

ITEM 9. CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS ON ACCOUNTING AND FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE

None.

ITEM 9A. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES

Disclosure Controls and Procedures

The Company’s Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer have evaluated the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures (as such term is defined in Rules 13a-15(e) or 15d-15(e) promulgated under the Exchange Act as of the end of the period covered by this Annual Report, as required by paragraph (b) of Rules 13a-15 or 15d-15 of the Exchange Act. Based on such evaluation, such officers have concluded that, as of the end of the period covered by this Annual Report, the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures were effective.

Management’s Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

Management’s Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting is set forth on page F-2 of this Annual Report.

Remediation of Previously Reported Material Weakness in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

A material weakness is a deficiency or combination of deficiencies in internal control over financial reporting, such that there is a reasonable possibility that a material misstatement of the Company’s financial statements will not be prevented or detected on a timely basis. As of December 31, 2019, the Company identified and disclosed a material weakness in internal control over financial reporting related to certain general ledger account reconciliations, which included various items principally related to the Company’s acquired indirect auto loan portfolio that were not researched and resolved in a timely manner, although the reconciliations themselves were completed in a timely manner. In order to remediate the material weakness in our internal controls, we implemented our remediation plan during the first nine months of 2020 which included: (i) additional training for accounting staff performing the reconciliations; (ii) the development of more detailed reconciliation procedures for use on a permanent basis to allow for more timely research and resolution of items; (iii) increased personnel in the accounting department to ensure timeliness of clearing reconciling items; and (iv) the review of the system interface to the general ledger such that the number of reconciling items among impacted balance sheet accounts was reduced. Based on the evidence obtained in validating the design and operating effectiveness of these controls, we concluded that these enhancements to our controls and procedures have remediated the material weakness in our internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2020.

Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

During the quarter ended December 31, 2020, there was no change in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting identified in connection with the evaluation required by paragraph (d) of Rules 13a-15 or 15d-15 of the Exchange Act that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.

ITEM 9B. OTHER INFORMATION

Not applicable.

PART III

ITEM 10. DIRECTORS, EXECUTIVE OFFICERS AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE

The information set forth under the captions “Matters To Be Voted On - Proposal 1 - Election of Directors,” “Governance - Director Independence,” “Environmental, Social and Governance Matters,” “Board of Directors - Board Members,” “Board of Directors - Board Committees,” “Board of Directors - Director Compensation,” “Information About Our Executive Officers,” “Executive Compensation - Employment Agreements,” “Audit Matters - Audit Committee Report” and “Stock Ownership - Delinquent Section 16(a) Reports” in the Proxy Statement to be used in connection with the solicitation of proxies for the Company’s 2021 Annual Meeting of Shareholders, to be filed with the SEC, is incorporated herein by reference.

Code of Ethics

Ameris has adopted a code of ethics that is applicable to all employees, including its Chief Executive Officer and all senior financial officers, including its Chief Financial Officer and principal accounting officer. Ameris will provide to any person without charge, upon request, a copy of its code of ethics. Such requests should be directed to the Corporate Secretary of Ameris Bancorp at 3490 Piedmont Road N.E., Suite 1550, Atlanta, Georgia 30305.

ITEM 11. EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION

The information set forth under the captions “Board of Directors - Board Committees - Compensation Committee,” “Board of Directors - Director Compensation” and “Executive Compensation” in the Proxy Statement to be used in connection with the solicitation of proxies for the Company’s 2021 Annual Meeting of Shareholders, to be filed with the SEC, is incorporated herein by reference.

ITEM 12. SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT AND RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS

The information set forth under the caption “Stock Ownership - Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management” in the Proxy Statement to be used in connection with the solicitation of proxies for the Company’s 2021 Annual Meeting of Shareholders, to be filed with the SEC, is incorporated herein by reference.

Equity Compensation Plans

The following table sets forth certain information with respect to securities to be issued under our equity compensation plans as of December 31, 2020.

Plan Category

Number of securities to be issued upon exercise of outstanding options, warrants and rights (1)

Weighted average exercise price of outstanding options, warrants and rights (1)

Number of securities remaining available for future issuance under equity compensation plans (2)

(a)

(b)

(c)

Equity compensation plans approved by security holders

356,487

28.13

470,502

(1)Represents shares issuable upon the exercise of stock options outstanding under the Fidelity Southern Corporation Equity Incentive Plan and the Fidelity Southern Corporation 2018 Omnibus Incentive Plan, each as amended, which options converted into options to acquire shares of common stock, par value $1.00 per share, of the Company on July 1, 2019, pursuant to the Agreement and Plan of Merger, dated as of December 17, 2018, by and between the Company and Fidelity Southern Corporation, and performance stock units ("PSUs") granted under the 2014 Omnibus Equity Compensation Plan at target. PSUs are not taken into account in column (b).

(2)Consists of our 2014 Omnibus Equity Compensation Plan, which provides for the granting to directors, officers and certain other employees of qualified or nonqualified stock options, stock units, stock awards, stock appreciation rights, dividend equivalents and other stock-based awards.

ITEM 13. CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS, AND DIRECTOR INDEPENDENCE

The information set forth under the captions “Governance - Director Independence,” “Board of Directors - Board Committees” and “Related Party Transactions” in the Proxy Statement to be used in connection with the solicitation of proxies for the Company’s 2021 Annual Meeting of Shareholders, to be filed with the SEC, is incorporated herein by reference.

ITEM 14. PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTING FEES AND SERVICES

The information set forth under the caption “Matters To Be Voted On - Proposal 2 - Ratification of Appointment of Our Registered Independent Public Accounting Firm,” “Board of Directors - Board Committees - Audit Committee” and “Audit Matters - Fees and Services” in the Proxy Statement to be used in connection with the solicitation of proxies for the Company’s 2021 Annual Meeting of Shareholders, to be filed with the SEC, is incorporated herein by reference.

PART IV

ITEM 15. EXHIBITS, FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES

1. Financial statements:

(a)Ameris Bancorp and Subsidiaries:

(i)Consolidated Balance Sheets – December 31, 2020 and 2019;

(ii)Consolidated Statements of Income – Years ended December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018;

(iii)Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income – Years ended December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018;

(iv)Consolidated Statements of Shareholders' Equity – Years ended December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018;

(v)Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows – Years ended December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018; and

(vi)Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

(b)Ameris Bancorp (parent company only):

Parent company only financial information has been included in Note 24 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

2. Financial statement schedules:

All schedules are omitted as the required information is inapplicable or the information is presented in the financial statements or related notes.

3. A list of the Exhibits required by Item 601 of Regulation S-K to be filed as a part of this Annual Report is shown on the “Exhibit Index” filed herewith.

EXHIBIT INDEX


Exhibit No.						Description

2.1						Agreement and Plan of Merger dated as of November 16, 2017 by and between Ameris Bancorp and Atlantic Coast Financial Corporation (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 2.1 to Ameris Bancorp’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on November 17, 2017).

2.2						Stock Purchase Agreement dated as of December 29, 2017 by and between Ameris Bancorp and William J. Villari (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 2.1 to Ameris Bancorp’s Registration Statement on Form S-3 (Registration No. 333-223080) filed with the SEC on February 16, 2018).

2.3						Agreement and Plan of Merger dated as of January 25, 2018 by and between Ameris Bancorp and Hamilton State Bancshares, Inc. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 2.1 to Ameris Bancorp’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on January 26, 2018).

2.4						Stock Purchase Agreement dated as of January 25, 2018 by and among Ameris Bancorp, Ameris Bank, William J. Villari and The Villari Family Gift Trust (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 2.2 to Ameris Bancorp’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on January 26, 2018).

2.5						Agreement and Plan of Merger dated as of December 17, 2018 by and between Ameris Bancorp and Fidelity Southern Corporation (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 2.1 to Ameris Bancorp’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on December 17, 2018).

3.1						Articles of Incorporation of Ameris Bancorp, as amended (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 2.1 to Ameris Bancorp’s Regulation A Offering Statement on Form 1-A filed with the SEC on August 14, 1987).

3.2						Articles of Amendment to the Articles of Incorporation of Ameris Bancorp (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.7 to Ameris Bancorp’s Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC on March 26, 1999).

3.3						Articles of Amendment to the Articles of Incorporation of Ameris Bancorp (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.9 to Ameris Bancorp’s Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC on March 31, 2003).

3.4						Articles of Amendment to the Articles of Incorporation of Ameris Bancorp (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to Ameris Bancorp’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on December 1, 2005).

3.5						Articles of Amendment to the Articles of Incorporation of Ameris Bancorp (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to Ameris Bancorp’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on November 21, 2008).

3.6						Articles of Amendment to the Articles of Incorporation of Ameris Bancorp (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to Ameris Bancorp’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on June 1, 2011).

3.7						Articles of Amendment to the Articles of Incorporation of Ameris Bancorp (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.7 to Ameris Bancorp’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed with the SEC on August 10, 2020).

3.8						Bylaws of Ameris Bancorp, as amended and restated through June 11, 2020 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.8 to Ameris Bancorp’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed with the SEC on August 10, 2020).

4.1						Indenture between Ameris Bancorp and Wilmington Trust Company dated September 20, 2006 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.4 to Ameris Bancorp’s Registration Statement on Form S-4 (Registration No. 333-138252) filed with the SEC on October 27, 2006).

4.2						Floating Rate Junior Subordinated Deferrable Interest Debenture dated September 20, 2006 to Ameris Statutory Trust I (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.7 to Ameris Bancorp’s Registration Statement on Form S-4 (Registration No. 333-138252) filed with the SEC on October 27, 2006).

4.3						Indenture between Ameris Bancorp (as successor to The Prosperity Banking Company) and U.S. Bank National Association dated as of March 26, 2003 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.3 to Ameris Bancorp’s Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC on March 14, 2014).


4.4						First Supplemental Indenture dated as of December 23, 2013 by and among Ameris Bancorp, The Prosperity Banking Company and U.S. Bank National Association (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.4 to Ameris Bancorp’s Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC on March 14, 2014).

4.5						Form of Floating Rate Junior Subordinated Deferrable Interest Debenture Due 2033 (included as Exhibit A to the Indenture filed as Exhibit 4.3 to Ameris Bancorp’s Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC on March 14, 2014).

4.6						Indenture between Ameris Bancorp (as successor to The Prosperity Banking Company) and Deutsche Bank Trust Company Americas dated as of June 24, 2004 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.6 to Ameris Bancorp’s Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC on March 14, 2014).

4.7						First Supplemental Indenture dated as of December 23, 2013 by and among Ameris Bancorp, The Prosperity Banking Company and Deutsche Bank Trust Company Americas (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.7 to Ameris Bancorp’s Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC on March 14, 2014).

4.8						Form of Floating Rate Junior Subordinated Deferrable Interest Note Due 2034 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.8 to Ameris Bancorp’s Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC on March 14, 2014).

4.9						Indenture between Ameris Bancorp (as successor to The Prosperity Banking Company) and Wilmington Trust Company dated as of January 31, 2006 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.9 to Ameris Bancorp’s Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC on March 14, 2014).

4.10						First Supplemental Indenture dated as of December 23, 2013 by and among Ameris Bancorp, The Prosperity Banking Company and Wilmington Trust Company (pertaining to Indenture dated as of January 31, 2006) (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.10 to Ameris Bancorp’s Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC on March 14, 2014).

4.11						Form of Floating Rate Junior Subordinated Deferrable Interest Debenture Due 2036 (included as Exhibit A to the Indenture filed as Exhibit 4.9 to Ameris Bancorp’s Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC on March 14, 2014).

4.12						Indenture between Ameris Bancorp (as successor to The Prosperity Banking Company) and Wilmington Trust Company dated as of September 20, 2007 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.18 to Ameris Bancorp’s Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC on March 14, 2014).

4.13						First Supplemental Indenture dated as of December 23, 2013 by and among Ameris Bancorp, The Prosperity Banking Company and Wilmington Trust Company (pertaining to Indenture dated as of September 20, 2007) (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.19 to Ameris Bancorp’s Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC on March 14, 2014).

4.14						Form of Fixed/Floating Rate Junior Subordinated Deferrable Interest Debenture Due 2037 (included as Exhibit A to the Indenture filed as Exhibit 4.18 to Ameris Bancorp’s Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC on March 14, 2014).

4.15						Indenture between Ameris Bancorp (as successor to Coastal Bankshares, Inc.) and Wells Fargo Bank, National Association dated as of August 27, 2003 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to Ameris Bancorp’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on July 1, 2014).

4.16						First Supplemental Indenture dated as of June 30, 2014 by and among Ameris Bancorp and Wells Fargo Bank, National Association (pertaining to Indenture dated as of August 27, 2003) (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.2 to Ameris Bancorp’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on July 1, 2014).

4.17						Form of Junior Subordinated Debt Security Due 2033 (included as Exhibit A to the Indenture filed as Exhibit 4.1 to Ameris Bancorp’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on July 1, 2014).

4.18						Indenture between Ameris Bancorp (as successor to Coastal Bankshares, Inc.) and U.S. Bank National Association dated as of December 14, 2005 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.4 to Ameris Bancorp’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on July 1, 2014).


4.19						First Supplemental Indenture dated as of June 30, 2014 by and among Ameris Bancorp, Coastal Bankshares, Inc. and U.S. Bank National Association (pertaining to Indenture dated as of December 14, 2005) (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.5 to Ameris Bancorp’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on July 1, 2014).

4.20						Form of Junior Subordinated Debt Security Due 2035 (included as Exhibit A to the Indenture filed as Exhibit 4.4 to Ameris Bancorp’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on July 1, 2014).

4.21						Indenture between Ameris Bancorp (as successor to Merchants & Southern Banks of Florida, Incorporated) and Wilmington Trust Company dated as of March 17, 2005 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to Ameris Bancorp’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on May 27, 2015).

4.22						First Supplemental Indenture dated as of May 22, 2015 by and among Ameris Bancorp, Merchants & Southern Banks of Florida, Incorporated and Wilmington Trust Company (pertaining to Indenture dated as of March 17, 2005) (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.2 to Ameris Bancorp’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on May 27, 2015).

4.23						Form of Floating Rate Junior Subordinated Deferrable Interest Debenture Due 2035 (included as Exhibit A to the Indenture filed as Exhibit 4.1 to Ameris Bancorp’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on May 27, 2015).

4.24						Indenture between Ameris Bancorp (as successor to Merchants & Southern Banks of Florida, Incorporated) and Wilmington Trust Company dated as of March 30, 2006 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.4 to Ameris Bancorp’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on May 27, 2015).

4.25						First Supplemental Indenture dated as of May 22, 2015 by and among Ameris Bancorp, Merchants & Southern Banks of Florida, Incorporated and Wilmington Trust Company (pertaining to Indenture dated as of March 30, 2006) (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.5 to Ameris Bancorp’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on May 27, 2015).

4.26						Form of Floating Rate Junior Subordinated Deferrable Interest Debenture Due 2036 (included as Exhibit A to the Indenture filed as Exhibit 4.4 to Ameris Bancorp’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on May 27, 2015).

4.27						Indenture between Ameris Bancorp (as successor to Jacksonville Bancorp, Inc.) and Wilmington Trust Company dated as of June 17, 2004 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to Ameris Bancorp’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on March 14, 2016).

4.28						First Supplemental Indenture dated as of March 11, 2016 by and among Ameris Bancorp, Jacksonville Bancorp, Inc. and Wilmington Trust Company (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.2 to Ameris Bancorp’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on March 14, 2016).

4.29						Form of Floating Rate Junior Subordinated Deferrable Interest Debenture Due 2034 (included as Exhibit A to the Indenture filed as Exhibit 4.1 to Ameris Bancorp’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on March 14, 2016).

4.30						Indenture between Ameris Bancorp (as successor to Jacksonville Bancorp, Inc.) and Wilmington Trust Company dated as of September 15, 2005 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.4 to Ameris Bancorp’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on March 14, 2016).

4.31						Second Supplemental Indenture dated as of March 11, 2016 by and among Ameris Bancorp, Jacksonville Bancorp, Inc. and Wilmington Trust (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.5 to Ameris Bancorp’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on March 14, 2016).

4.32						Form of Fixed/Floating Rate Junior Subordinated Deferrable Interest Debenture Due 2035 (included as Exhibit A to the Indenture filed as Exhibit 4.4 to Ameris Bancorp’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on March 14, 2016).

4.33						Indenture between Ameris Bancorp (as successor to Jacksonville Bancorp, Inc.) and Wilmington Trust Company dated as of December 14, 2006 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.7 to Ameris Bancorp’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on March 14, 2016).



4.34						First Supplemental Indenture dated as of March 11, 2016 by and among Ameris Bancorp, Jacksonville Bancorp, Inc. and Wilmington Trust Company (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.8 to Ameris Bancorp’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on March 14, 2016).

4.35						Form of Floating Rate Junior Subordinated Deferrable Interest Debenture Due 2036 (included as Exhibit A to the Indenture filed as Exhibit 4.7 to Ameris Bancorp’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on March 14, 2016).

4.36						Indenture between Ameris Bancorp (as successor to Jacksonville Bancorp, Inc.) and Wells Fargo Bank, National Association dated as of June 20, 2008 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.10 to Ameris Bancorp’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on March 14, 2016).

4.37						First Supplemental Indenture dated as of March 11, 2016 by and between Ameris Bancorp and Wells Fargo Bank, National Association (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.11 to Ameris Bancorp’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on March 14, 2016).

4.38						Form of Junior Subordinated Debt Security Due 2038 (included as Exhibit A to the Indenture filed as Exhibit 4.10 to Ameris Bancorp’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on March 14, 2016).

4.39						Subordinated Debt Indenture dated as of March 13, 2017 by and between Ameris Bancorp and Wilmington Trust, National Association (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to Ameris Bancorp’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on March 13, 2017).

4.40						First Supplemental Indenture, dated as of March 13, 2017, by and between Ameris Bancorp and Wilmington Trust, National Association (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.2 to Ameris Bancorp’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on March 13, 2017).

4.41						Form of 5.75% Fixed-to-Floating Rate Subordinated Note due 2027 (included as Exhibit A to the First Supplemental Indenture filed as Exhibit 4.2 to Ameris Bancorp’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on March 13, 2017).

4.42						Indenture dated as of November 10, 2005 by and between Ameris Bancorp (as successor to Hamilton State Bancshares, Inc.) and Wilmington Trust Company (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to Ameris Bancorp’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on July 2, 2018).

4.43						Second Supplemental Indenture dated as of June 29, 2018 by and among Ameris Bancorp, Hamilton State Bancshares, Inc. and Wilmington Trust Company (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.2 to Ameris Bancorp’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on July 2, 2018).

4.44						Form of Fixed/Floating Rate Junior Subordinated Deferrable Interest Debenture (included as Exhibit A to the Indenture filed as Exhibit 4.1 to Ameris Bancorp’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on July 2, 2018).

4.45						Indenture between Ameris Bancorp (as successor to Fidelity Southern Corporation) and U.S. Bank National Association, dated as of June 26, 2003 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to Ameris Bancorp’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on July 1, 2019).

4.46						First Supplemental Indenture, among Ameris Bancorp, Fidelity Southern Corporation and U.S. Bank National Association, dated as of July 1, 2019 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.2 to Ameris Bancorp’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on July 1, 2019).

4.47						Form of Floating Rate Junior Subordinated Deferrable Interest Debentures due 2033 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.3 to Ameris Bancorp’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on July 1, 2019).

4.48						Indenture between Ameris Bancorp (as successor to Fidelity Southern Corporation) and Wilmington Trust Company, dated as of March 17, 2005 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.4 to Ameris Bancorp’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on July 1, 2019).


4.49						First Supplemental Indenture, among Ameris Bancorp, Fidelity Southern Corporation and Wilmington Trust Company, dated as of July 1, 2019 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.5 to Ameris Bancorp’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on July 1, 2019).

4.50						Form of Floating Rate Junior Subordinated Deferrable Interest Debentures due 2035 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.6 to Ameris Bancorp’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on July 1, 2019).

4.51						Indenture between Ameris Bancorp (as successor to Fidelity Southern Corporation) and Wilmington Trust Company, dated as of August 20, 2007 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.7 to Ameris Bancorp’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on July 1, 2019).

4.52						First Supplemental Indenture, among Ameris Bancorp, Fidelity Southern Corporation and Wilmington Trust Company, dated as of July 1, 2019 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.8 to Ameris Bancorp’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on July 1, 2019).

4.53						Form of Fixed/Floating Rate Junior Subordinated Deferrable Interest Debentures due 2037 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.9 to Ameris Bancorp’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on July 1, 2019).

4.54						Second Supplemental Indenture, dated as of December 6, 2019, by and between Ameris Bancorp and Wilmington Trust, National Association, as trustee (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.2 to Ameris Bancorp's Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on December 6, 2019).

4.55						Form of 4.25% Fixed-to-Floating Subordinated Notes due 2029 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.3 to Ameris Bancorp’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on December 6, 2019).

4.56						Form of Global Note representing Fixed/Floating Rate Subordinated Notes due 2030 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.56 to Ameris Bancorp's Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC on March 9, 2020).

4.57						Description of the Registrant's Securities Registered Pursuant to Section 12 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934

4.58						Third Supplemental Indenture, dated as of September 28, 2020, by and between Ameris Bancorp and Wilmington Trust, National Association, as trustee (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.2 to Ameris Bancorp's Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on September 28, 2020).

4.59						Form of 3.875% Fixed-to-Floating Subordinated Notes due 2030 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.3 to Ameris Bancorp's Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on September 28, 2020).

10.1*						Supplemental Executive Retirement Agreement with Jon S. Edwards, dated as of November 7, 2012 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 to Ameris Bancorp’s Form 10-Q filed with the SEC on November 9, 2012).

10.2*						Supplemental Executive Retirement Agreement with Cindi H. Lewis, dated as of November 7, 2012 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.4 to Ameris Bancorp’s Form 10-Q filed with the SEC on November 9, 2012).

10.3*						Supplemental Executive Retirement Agreement with Nicole S. Stokes, dated as of November 7, 2012 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.13 to Ameris Bancorp’s Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC on March 1, 2018).

10.4*						Ameris Bancorp 2014 Omnibus Equity Compensation Plan (incorporated by reference to Appendix A to Ameris Bancorp’s Definitive Proxy Statement filed with the SEC on April 17, 2014).

10.5*						Form of Incentive Stock Option Grant Agreement (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99.2 to Ameris Bancorp’s Registration Statement on Form S-8 filed with the SEC on November 26, 2014).


10.6*						Form of Nonqualified Stock Option Grant Agreement (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99.3 to Ameris Bancorp’s Registration Statement on Form S-8 filed with the SEC on November 26, 2014).

10.7*						Form of Restricted Stock Grant Agreement (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99.4 to Ameris Bancorp’s Registration Statement on Form S-8 filed with the SEC on November 26, 2014).

10.8*						First Amendment to Supplemental Executive Retirement Agreement by and between Ameris Bank and Cindi H. Lewis dated as of November 7, 2016 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to Ameris Bancorp’s Form 10-Q filed with the SEC on November 9, 2016).

10.9*						Form of Severance Protection and Restrictive Covenants Agreement for executive officers (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to Ameris Bancorp's Form 10-Q filed with the SEC on May 10, 2019).

10.10*						Employment Agreement by and among Ameris Bancorp, Ameris Bank and James B. Miller, Jr. dated as of December 17, 2018 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to Ameris Bancorp's Form 10-Q filed with the SEC on August 9, 2019).

10.11*						Employment Agreement by and among Ameris Bancorp, Ameris Bank and H. Palmer Proctor, Jr. dated as of December 17, 2018 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to Ameris Bancorp's Form 10-Q filed with the SEC on August 9, 2019).

10.12*						Amendment to Employment Agreement by and among Ameris Bancorp, Ameris Bank and H. Palmer Proctor, Jr. dated as of June 30, 2019 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 to Ameris Bancorp's Form 10-Q filed with the SEC on August 9, 2019).

10.13*						Supplemental Executive Retirement Agreement with Lawton E. Bassett, III, dated as of November 7, 2012 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.16 to Ameris Bancorp's Form 10-K filed with the SEC on March 9, 2020).

10.14*						Form of Performance Stock Unit Grant Agreement (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.17 to Ameris Bancorp's Form 10-K filed with the SEC on March 9, 2020).

10.15*						Supplemental Executive Retirement Agreement with James A. LaHaise, dated as of November 10, 2015.

21.1						Schedule of Subsidiaries of Ameris Bancorp.

23.1						Consent of Crowe LLP.

31.1						Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a) Certification by Chief Executive Officer.

31.2						Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a) Certification by Chief Financial Officer.

32.1						Section 1350 Certification by Chief Executive Officer.

32.2						Section 1350 Certification by Chief Financial Officer.

101.INS						XBRL Instance Document - the instance document does not appear in the Interactive Data File because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document.

101.SCH						Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document.

101.CAL						Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document.

101.DEF						Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document.

101.LAB						Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document.

101.PRE						Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document.



104						Cover Page Interactive Data File - the cover page interactive data file does not appear in the Interactive Data File because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document.

* Management contract or a compensatory plan or arrangement.

INDEX TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SCHEDULES


			Page

Management’s Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting			F-2

Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm			F-3

Consolidated Balance Sheets – December 31, 2020 and 2019			F-5

Consolidated Statements of Income – Years ended December 31, 20 20 , 201 9 and 201 8			F-6

Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income – Years ended December 31, 20 20 , 201 9 and 201 8			F-7

Consolidated Statements of Shareholders’ Equity – Years ended December 31, 20 20 , 201 9 and 201 8			F-8

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows – Years ended December 31, 20 20 , 201 9 and 201 8			F-10

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements			F-12

F-1

MANAGEMENT’S REPORT ON INTERNAL CONTROL OVER FINANCIAL REPORTING

The management of Ameris Bancorp and subsidiaries (the “Company”) is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting as defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act. The Company’s internal control over financial reporting is designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles.

All internal control systems, no matter how well designed, have inherent limitations. Therefore, even those systems determined to be effective can provide only reasonable assurance with respect to financial statement preparation and presentation.

Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.

Management assessed the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2020. In making this assessment, management used the criteria set forth by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (2013 framework) (COSO) in Internal Control-Integrated Framework. Based on this assessment and those criteria, management believes that the Company maintained effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2020.

Crowe LLP, the Company’s independent registered public accounting firm, has issued an attestation report on the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting. That report is included in this Annual Report on page F-3.

Remediation of Prior Material Weakness

Management previously identified and disclosed in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019, as amended, a material weakness in internal control over financial reporting. The remediation of our material weakness was completed in 2020, per the remediation plans disclosed in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019, as amended.


/s/ H. Palmer Proctor, Jr.						/s/ Nicole S. Stokes
H. Palmer Proctor, Jr.,						Nicole S. Stokes
Chief Executive Officer						Corporate EVP and Chief Financial Officer
(principal executive officer)						(principal accounting and financial officer)

F-2

Crowe LLP

Independent Member Crowe Global

REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM

Board of Directors and Stockholders

Ameris Bancorp

Atlanta, Georgia

Opinions on the Financial Statements and Internal Control over Financial Reporting

We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Ameris Bancorp and Subsidiaries (the "Company") as of December 31, 2020 and 2019, the related consolidated statements of income, comprehensive income, shareholders’ equity, and cash flows for each of the years in the three-year period ended December 31, 2020, and the related notes (collectively referred to as the "financial statements"). We also have audited the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2020, based on criteria established in Internal Control – Integrated Framework: (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO).

In our opinion, the financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of December 31, 2020 and 2019, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the years in the three-year period ended December 31, 2020 in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. Also in our opinion, the Company maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2020, based on criteria established in Internal Control – Integrated Framework: (2013) issued by COSO.

Change in Accounting Principle

As discussed in Note 1 to the financial statements, the Company has changed its method of accounting for credit losses effective January 1, 2020 due to the adoption of Financial Accounting Standards Board Accounting Standards Codification No. 326, Financial Instruments – Credit Losses (ASC 326). The Company adopted the new credit loss standard using the modified retrospective method such that prior period amounts are not adjusted and continue to be reported in accordance with previously applicable generally accepted accounting principles. The adoption of the new credit loss standard and its subsequent application is also communicated as a critical audit matter below.

Basis for Opinions

The Company’s management is responsible for these financial statements, for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting, and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting, included in the accompanying Management’s Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s financial statements and an opinion on the Company’s internal control over financial reporting based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) ("PCAOB") and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.

We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audits to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud, and whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects.

Our audits of the financial statements included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the financial statements. Our audit of internal control over financial reporting included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, and testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk. Our audits also included performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinions.

Definition and Limitations of Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

A company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A company’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.

F-3

Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.

Critical Audit Matter

The critical audit matter communicated below is a matter arising from the current period audit of the financial statements that was communicated or required to be communicated to the audit committee and that: (1) relates to accounts or disclosures that are material to the financial statements and (2) involved our especially challenging, subjective, or complex judgments. The communication of the critical audit matter does not alter in any way our opinion on the financial statements, taken as a whole, and we are not, by communicating the critical audit matter below, providing a separate opinion on the critical audit matter or on the accounts or disclosures to which it relates.

Allowance for Credit Losses on Loans – Reasonable and Supportable Forecasts

The Company adopted ASC 326 as of January 1, 2020 as described in Notes 1 and 4 to the consolidated financial statements. See also the explanatory paragraph above. The Company disclosed the impact of adoption of this standard on January 1, 2020 as a $78.7 million increase to the allowance for credit losses on loans, a $12.7 million increase to the allowance for unfunded commitments and a $56.7 million decrease to retained earnings, net of the $19.0 increase in deferred tax assets. The allowance for credit losses on loans at December 31, 2020 was $199.4 million. Upon adoption, the Company estimates and records an allowance for credit losses on loans (ACL) which represents credit losses expected over the remaining contractual life of the loans.

The Company measures expected credit losses of loans on a collective basis when the loans share similar risk characteristics. The Company uses the discounted cash flow (DCF) method to estimate expected credit losses for the following loan segments: commercial, financial and agricultural; consumer installment; real estate – construction and development; real estate – commercial and farmland; and real estate – residential. For each segment, the Company performed a loss driver analysis to determine which economic factors, individually or in combination, correlated to the historical loss experience used as a basis for the estimate. For all segments utilizing the DCF method, the Company considers a combination of national and regional data on gross domestic product, commercial real estate and home price indices, unemployment rates, retail sales, and rental vacancy rates in estimating credit losses. The specific economic factors considered for each segment depend on the nature of the segment and how well the economic factors correlate to the loss experience. The development of the loss driver analysis and the application of the economic forecast is significant as changes in the forecasts used in the DCF method could have a material effect on the Company’s financial statements.

Estimating reasonable and supportable forecasts requires significant judgment. Management leverages economic projections from an independent third party and other indicators to inform its forecasts over the forecast period. The following are the principal considerations for our determination that economic forecast component of the ACL was a critical audit matter:

a.Significant auditor judgment and audit effort was required to evaluate the correlation of selected economic factors to the historical loss experience used as the basis for the estimate.

b.Significant auditor judgment was required to evaluate the determination of reasonable and supportable forecasts applied in the DCF method.

Auditing this matter involved especially subjective auditor judgment and an increased audit effort, including requiring the involvement of valuation and complex analytics specialists.

The primary audit procedures we performed to address this critical audit matter included the following:

a.Tested the operating effectiveness of management’s internal controls over the relevance and reliability of data used in assessing the economic variables that correlated to the historical loss experience used as the basis for the ACL.

b.Tested the operating effectiveness of management’s internal controls over assessing the reasonableness of the forecasts applied in the DCF method.

c.Utilized the work of specialists to evaluate the appropriateness and mathematical accuracy of the loss driver analyses in the DCF method.

d.Used the work of specialists to evaluate the relevance and reliability of data used in the development of the loss rate forecasts in the DCF method.

e.Evaluated management’s judgments in the selection and application of reasonable and supportable forecast of economic variables.

/s/ Crowe LLP

We have served as the Company's auditor since 2014.

Atlanta, Georgia

February 26, 2021

F-4

AMERIS BANCORP AND SUBSIDIARIES

Consolidated Balance Sheets

December 31, 2020 and 2019

(dollars in thousands, except per share data)


	2020		2019
Assets
Cash and due from banks	$	203,349	$	246,234
Interest-bearing deposits in banks	1,893,957		351,202
Federal funds sold	20,000		24,413
Cash and cash equivalents	2,117,306		621,849

Time deposits in other banks	249		249
Investment securities available for sale, at fair value, net of allowance for credit losses of $112 and $0	982,879		1,403,403
Other investments	28,202		66,919
Loans held for sale (includes loan at fair value of $1,001,807 and $1,656,711)	1,167,659		1,656,711

Loans, net of unearned income	14,480,925		12,818,476
Allowance for credit losses	(199,422)		(38,189)
Loans, net	14,281,503		12,780,287

Other real estate owned, net	11,880		19,500
Premises and equipment, net	222,890		233,102
Goodwill	928,005		931,637
Other intangible assets, net	71,974		91,586
Cash value of bank owned life insurance	176,467		175,270
Deferred income taxes, net	33,314		2,180
Other assets	416,310		259,886
Total assets	$	20,438,638	$	18,242,579

Liabilities
Deposits
Noninterest-bearing	$	6,151,070	$	4,199,448
Interest-bearing	10,806,753		9,827,625
Total deposits	16,957,823		14,027,073
Securities sold under agreements to repurchase	11,641		20,635
Other borrowings	425,155		1,398,709
Subordinated deferrable interest debentures, net	124,345		127,560
FDIC loss-share payable, net	—		19,642
Other liabilities	272,586		179,378
Total liabilities	17,791,550		15,772,997

Commitments and Contingencies (Note 21)

Shareholders’ Equity
Preferred stock, stated value $1,000; 5,000,000 shares authorized; 0 shares issued and outstanding	—		—
Common stock, par value $1; 200,000,000 and 100,000,000 shares authorized; 71,753,705 and 71,499,829 shares issued	71,754		71,500
Capital surplus	1,913,285		1,907,108
Retained earnings	671,510		507,950
Accumulated other comprehensive income, net of tax	33,505		17,995
Treasury stock, at cost, 2,212,224 and 1,995,996 shares	(42,966)		(34,971)
Total shareholders’ equity	2,647,088		2,469,582
Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity	$	20,438,638	$	18,242,579

See notes to consolidated financial statements.

F-5

AMERIS BANCORP AND SUBSIDIARIES

Consolidated Statements of Income

Years Ended December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018

(dollars in thousands, except per share data)


	2020		2019		2018
Interest income
Interest and fees on loans	$	690,909	$	586,848	$	378,209
Interest on taxable securities	33,086		40,138		29,006
Interest on nontaxable securities	623		593		900
Interest on deposits in other banks	1,739		8,139		4,984
Interest on federal funds sold	146		676		227
Total interest income	726,503		636,394		413,326

Interest expense
Interest on deposits	59,067		102,533		49,054
Interest on other borrowings	29,683		28,695		20,880
Total interest expense	88,750		131,228		69,934

Net interest income	637,753		505,166		343,392
Provision for loan losses	125,488		19,758		16,667
Provision for unfunded commitments	19,062		—		—
Provision for other credit losses	830		—		—
Provision for credit losses	145,380		19,758		16,667
Net interest income after provision for credit losses	492,373		485,408		326,725

Noninterest income
Service charges on deposit accounts	44,145		50,792		46,128
Mortgage banking activity	374,077		119,409		53,654
Other service charges, commissions and fees	3,914		3,566		2,971
Net gain (loss) on securities	5		138		(37)
Gain on sale of SBA loans	7,226		6,058		2,728
Other noninterest income	17,133		18,150		12,968
Total noninterest income	446,500		198,113		118,412

Noninterest expense
Salaries and employee benefits	360,278		223,938		149,132
Occupancy and equipment	52,349		40,596		29,131
Advertising and marketing	8,046		7,927		5,571
Amortization of intangible assets	19,612		17,713		9,512
Data processing and communications expenses	46,017		38,513		30,385
Legal and other professional fees	15,972		10,634		6,386
Credit resolution-related expenses	5,106		4,082		4,016
Merger and conversion charges	1,391		73,105		20,499
FDIC insurance	14,078		1,945		3,408
Other noninterest expenses	75,780		53,484		35,607
Total noninterest expense	598,629		471,937		293,647

Income before income tax expense	340,244		211,584		151,490
Income tax expense	78,256		50,143		30,463
Net income	$	261,988	$	161,441	$	121,027

Basic earnings per common share	$	3.78	$	2.76	$	2.81
Diluted earnings per common share	$	3.77	$	2.75	$	2.80

Weighted average common shares outstanding
Basic	69,256		58,462		43,142
Diluted	69,426		58,614		43,248

See notes to consolidated financial statements.

F-6

AMERIS BANCORP AND SUBSIDIARIES

Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income

Years Ended December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018

(dollars in thousands)


	2020		2019		2018
Net income	$	261,988	$	161,441	$	121,027

Other comprehensive income (loss)
Net unrealized holding gains (losses) arising during period on investment securities available for sale, net of tax expense (benefit) of $4,084, $6,211 and ($849)	15,363		23,365		(3,196)
Reclassification adjustment for gains on investment securities included in earnings, net of tax of $0, $12 and $19	—		(46)		(70)
Net unrealized gains (losses) on cash flow hedge during the period, net of tax expense (benefit) of $39, ($133) and $30	147		(498)		112
Total other comprehensive income (loss)	15,510		22,821		(3,154)

Comprehensive income	$	277,498	$	184,262	$	117,873

See notes to consolidated financial statements.

F-7


AMERIS BANCORP AND SUBSIDIARIES
Consolidated Statements of Shareholders' Equity
Years Ended December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018
(dollars in thousands, except per share data)

	Common Stock							Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss), Net of Tax		Treasury Stock			Total Shareholders' Equity
	Shares	Amount		Capital Surplus		Retained Earnings				Shares	Amount
Balance at beginning of period	38,734,873	$	38,735	$	508,404	$	273,119	$	(1,280)	1,474,861	$	(14,499)	$	804,479
Issuance of common stock	10,124,491	10,124		537,003		—		—		—	—		547,127
Issuance of restricted shares	89,855	90		(90)		—		—		—	—		—
Forfeitures of restricted shares	(10,580)	(10)		10		—		—		—	—		—
Exercise of stock options	76,286	76		838		—		—		—	—		914
Share-based compensation	—	—		5,419		—		—		—	—		5,419
Purchase of treasury shares	—	—		—		—		—		40,123	(2,062)		(2,062)
Net income	—	—		—		121,027		—		—	—		121,027
Dividends on common shares ($0.40 per share)	—	—		—		(17,431)		—		—	—		(17,431)
Cumulative effect of change in accounting for derivatives	—	—		—		28		—		—	—		28
Reclassification of stranded income tax effects	—	—		—		392		(392)		—	—		—
Other comprehensive income (loss) during the period	—	—		—		—		(3,154)		—	—		(3,154)
Balance at December 31, 2018	49,014,925	$	49,015	$	1,051,584	$	377,135	$	(4,826)	1,514,984	$	(16,561)	$	1,456,347
Issuance of common stock	22,181,522	22,182		847,112		—		—		—	—		869,294
Issuance of restricted shares	147,574	147		768		—		—		—	—		915
Forfeitures of restricted shares	(41,295)	(41)		(518)		—		—		—	—		(559)
Exercise of stock options	197,103	197		4,942		—		—		—	—		5,139
Share-based compensation	—	—		3,220		—		—		—	—		3,220
Purchase of treasury shares	—	—		—		—		—		481,012	(18,410)		(18,410)
Net income	—	—		—		161,441		—		—	—		161,441
Dividends on common shares ($0.50 per share)	—	—		—		(30,350)		—		—	—		(30,350)
Cumulative effect of change in accounting for leases	—	—		—		(276)		—		—	—		(276)
Other comprehensive income (loss) during the period	—			—		—		22,821		—	—		22,821
Balance at December 31, 2019	71,499,829	$	71,500	$	1,907,108	$	507,950	$	17,995	1,995,996	$	(34,971)	$	2,469,582

F-8

AMERIS BANCORP AND SUBSIDIARIES

Consolidated Statements of Shareholders' Equity (Continued)

Years Ended December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018

(dollars in thousands, except per share data)


	Common Stock							Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss), Net of Tax		Treasury Stock			Total Shareholders' Equity
	Shares	Amount		Capital Surplus		Retained Earnings				Shares	Amount
Balance at January 1, 2020	71,499,829	$	71,500	$	1,907,108	$	507,950	$	17,995	1,995,996	$	(34,971)	$	2,469,582

Issuance of restricted shares	164,476	164		125		—		—		—	—		289
Forfeitures of restricted shares	(12,250)	(12)		(209)		—		—		—	—		(221)
Exercise of stock options	101,650	102		2,160		—		—		—	—		2,262
Share-based compensation	—	—		4,101		—		—		—	—		4,101
Purchase of treasury shares	—	—		—		—		—		216,228	(7,995)		(7,995)
Net income	—	—		—		261,988		—		—	—		261,988
Dividends on common shares ($0.60 per share)	—	—		—		(41,724)		—		—	—		(41,724)
Cumulative effect of change in accounting for credit losses	—	—		—		(56,704)		—		—	—		(56,704)
Other comprehensive income (loss) during the period	—	—		—		—		15,510		—	—		15,510
Balance at December 31, 2020	71,753,705	$	71,754	$	1,913,285	$	671,510	$	33,505	2,212,224	$	(42,966)	$	2,647,088

See notes to consolidated financial statements.

F-9

AMERIS BANCORP AND SUBSIDIARIES

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows

Years Ended December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018

(dollars in thousands)


	2020		2019		2018
Operating Activities
Net income	$	261,988	$	161,441	$	121,027
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash used in operating activities:
Depreciation	15,759		13,120		10,014
Net losses on sale or disposal of premises and equipment	777		41		133
Net write-downs on other assets	1,715		6,210		—
Provision for credit losses	145,380		19,758		16,667
Net write-downs and losses on sale of other real estate owned	1,049		496		1,301
Share-based compensation expense	3,810		3,424		6,241
Amortization of intangible assets	19,612		17,713		9,512
Amortization of operating lease right of use assets	19,740		10,264		—
Provision for deferred taxes	(7,929)		22,821		1,374
Net amortization of investment securities available for sale	6,153		4,680		4,891
Net (gain) loss on securities	(5)		(138)		37
Accretion of discount on purchased loans, net	(27,351)		(18,978)		(10,093)

Net amortization on other borrowings	256		80		96
Amortization of subordinated deferrable interest debentures	1,940		1,655		1,345
Loan servicing asset impairment	40,067		508		—
Originations of mortgage loans held for sale	(9,067,706)		(3,791,311)		(1,768,934)
Payments received on mortgage loans held for sale	43,663		17,445		986
Proceeds from sales of mortgage loans held for sale	9,864,464		2,620,290		1,542,755
Net gains on mortgage loans held for sale	(387,124)		(74,546)		(37,336)
Originations of SBA loans	(97,017)		(41,435)		(27,820)
Proceeds from sales of SBA loans	109,296		65,862		33,675
Net gains on sales of SBA loans	(7,226)		(6,058)		(2,728)
Increase in cash surrender value of bank owned life insurance	(3,630)		(2,692)		(1,819)
Gain on bank owned life insurance proceeds	(948)		(3,583)		—
Loss on sale of loans	386		1,233		—
Changes in FDIC loss-share receivable/payable, net of cash payments received	997		3,865		5,156
Increase in interest receivable	(23,892)		(15,392)		(10,965)
Increase (decrease) in interest payable	(6,036)		5,855		2,411
Increase (decrease) in taxes payable	(12,062)		(3,597)		4,032
Change attributable to other operating activities	(97,730)		40,758		(10,761)
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities	798,396		(940,211)		(108,803)
Investing Activities, net of effects of business combinations
Proceeds from maturities of time deposits in other banks	—		10,563		746
Purchases of securities available for sale	—		(219,352)		(290,649)
Proceeds from prepayments and maturities of securities available for sale	435,204		266,171		152,393
Proceeds from sale of securities available for sale	—		64,995		68,727
Net decrease (increase) in other investments	37,222		(44,935)		33,515
Net increase in loans	(1,733,057)		(870,132)		(68,113)
Payments received on other loans held for sale	12,954		—		—

Purchase of acquired formerly serviced portfolio	—		(103,530)		—

Purchases of premises and equipment	(18,116)		(11,581)		(10,009)
Proceeds from sale of premises and equipment	718		5,587		588
Proceeds from sales of other real estate owned	14,059		10,140		11,784

Payments paid to FDIC under loss-sharing agreements	(20,639)		(3,710)		(3,791)
Proceeds from bank owned life insurance	3,381		7,429		—
Proceeds from sales of loans	69,965		157,087		—
Net cash proceeds received from (paid in) acquisitions	(2,417)		244,181		51,495
Net cash used in investing activities	(1,200,726)		(487,087)		(53,314)

F-10

AMERIS BANCORP AND SUBSIDIARIES

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (Continued)

Years Ended December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018

(dollars in thousands)


	2020		2019		2018
Financing Activities, net of effects of business combinations
Net increase in deposits	$	2,932,864	$	334,437	$	853,051
Net decrease in securities sold under agreements to repurchase	(8,994)		(22,094)		(10,254)
Proceeds from other borrowings	7,202,981		5,236,572		1,530,000
Repayment of other borrowings	(8,176,491)		(4,141,349)		(1,844,258)
Repayment of subordinated deferrable interest debentures	(5,155)		—		—

Proceeds from exercise of stock options	2,262		5,139		914
Dividends paid - common stock	(41,685)		(24,675)		(16,405)
Purchase of treasury shares	(7,995)		(18,410)		(2,062)
Net cash provided by financing activities	1,897,787		1,369,620		510,986

Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents	1,495,457		(57,678)		348,869
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period	621,849		679,527		330,658
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period	$	2,117,306	$	621,849	$	679,527

Supplemental Disclosures of Cash Flow Information
Cash paid during the year for:
Interest	$	94,786	$	125,373	$	67,523
Income taxes	$	98,609	$	35,865	$	20,026
Loans transferred to other real estate owned	$	7,398	$	6,229	$	10,517

Loans transferred from loans held for sale to loans held for investment	$	196,804	$	—	$	10,817
Loans transferred from loans held for investment to loans held for sale	$	179,407	$	8,293	$	8,831
Loans provided for the sales of other real estate owned	$	767	$	144	$	931
Initial recognition of operating lease right-of-use assets	$	—	$	27,286	$	—
Initial recognition of operating lease liabilities	$	—	$	29,651	$	—
Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for new operating lease liabilities	$	54,107	$	6,016	$	—
Assets acquired in business combinations	$	—	$	5,194,955	$	3,064,615
Liabilities assumed in business combinations	$	—	$	4,325,642	$	2,415,212
Issuance of common stock in acquisitions	$	—	$	869,294	$	547,127

Change in unrealized gain (loss) on securities available for sale, net of tax	$	15,363	$	23,320	$	(3,266)
Change in unrealized gain on cash flow hedge, net of tax	$	147	$	(499)	$	112

See notes to consolidated financial statements

F-11

AMERIS BANCORP AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

NOTE 1. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

Nature of Business

Ameris Bancorp and subsidiaries (the “Company” or “Ameris”) is a financial holding company headquartered in Atlanta, Georgia, and whose primary business is presently conducted by Ameris Bank, its wholly owned banking subsidiary (the “Bank”). Through the Bank, the Company operates a full service banking business and offers a broad range of retail and commercial banking services to its customers concentrated in select markets in Georgia, Alabama, Florida and South Carolina. The Bank also engages in mortgage banking activities, and, as such, originates, acquires, sells and services one-to-four family residential mortgage loans in the Southeast. The Bank also originates, administers and services commercial insurance premium loans and SBA loans made to borrowers throughout the United States. The Company and the Bank are subject to the regulations of certain federal and state agencies and are periodically examined by those regulatory agencies.

Basis of Presentation and Accounting Estimates

The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its subsidiaries. Significant intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated in consolidation.

In preparing the consolidated financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America, management is required to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities as of the date of the balance sheet and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

Acquisition Accounting

In accounting for business combinations, the Company uses the acquisition method of accounting in accordance with ASC 805, Business Combinations. Under the acquisition method of accounting, assets acquired, liabilities assumed and consideration exchanged are recorded at their respective acquisition date fair values. Any identifiable intangible assets that are acquired in a business combination are recognized at fair value on the acquisition date. Identifiable intangible assets are recognized separately if they arise from contractual or other legal rights or if they are separable (i.e., capable of being sold, transferred, licensed, rented or exchanged separately from the entity). If the consideration given exceeds the fair value of the net assets received, goodwill is recognized. Determining the fair value of assets and liabilities is a complicated process involving significant judgment regarding methods and assumptions used to calculate estimated fair values. Fair values are subject to refinement for up to one year after the closing date of the acquisition as additional information regarding the closing date fair values becomes available. In addition, management will assess and record the deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities resulting from differences in the carrying value of acquired assets and assumed liabilities for financial reporting purposes and their basis for income tax purposes, including acquired net operating loss carryforwards and other acquired assets with built-in losses that are expected to be settled or otherwise recovered in future periods where the realization of such benefits would be subject to applicable limitations under Section 382 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended.

Purchased loans acquired in a business combination are recorded at estimated fair value on their purchase date. Loans which have experienced more-than-insignificant deterioration in credit quality since origination, as determined by the Company's assessment, are considered purchased credit deteriorated ("PCD") loans. At acquisition, expected credit losses for purchased loans with credit deterioration are initially recognized as an allowance for credit losses and are added to the purchase price to determine the amortized cost basis of the loans. Any non-credit discount or premium resulting from acquiring such loans is recognized as an adjustment to interest income over the remaining lives of the loans. Subsequent to the acquisition date, the change in the allowance for credit losses on PCD loans is recognized through provision for credit losses. The non-credit discount or premium is accreted or amortized, respectively, into interest income over the remaining life of the PCD loan on a level-yield basis. Purchased loans which do not meet the criteria to be classified as PCD loans are recorded at fair value as of the acquisition date and no allowance for credit losses is carried over from the seller. The resulting purchase discount or premium is accreted or amortized, respectively, into interest income over the remaining life of the non-PCD loan on a level-yield basis.

Prior to the adoption of ASU 2016-13, purchased loans acquired in a business combination were recorded at estimated fair value on their purchase date and carryover of the seller's related allowance for loan losses was prohibited. When the loans had evidence of credit deterioration since origination and it was probable at the date of acquisition that the Company would not

F-12

collect all contractually required principal and interest payments, the difference between contractually required payments at acquisition and the cash flows expected to be collected at acquisition was referred to as the non-accretable difference. The Company estimated expected cash flows at each reporting date. Subsequent decreases to the expected cash flows would generally result in a provision for credit losses. Subsequent increases in expected cash flows resulted in a reversal of the provision for credit losses to the extent of prior provisions and adjusted accretable discount if no prior provisions had been made or had been fully reversed. This increase in accretable discount would have a positive impact on future interest income.

Transfer of financial assets

Transfers of financial assets are accounted for as sales, when control over the assets has been relinquished. Control over transferred assets is deemed to be surrendered when the assets have been isolated from the Company, the transferee obtains the right (free of conditions that constrain it from taking advantage of that right) to pledge or exchange the transferred assets, and the Company does not maintain effective control over the transferred assets through an agreement to repurchase them before their maturity.

Cash and Cash Equivalents

For purposes of reporting cash flows, cash and cash equivalents include cash on hand, cash items in process of collection, amounts due from banks, interest-bearing deposits in banks and federal funds sold. The Bank is required to maintain reserve balances in cash or on deposit with the Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta. The required reserve rate was set to 0% effective March 26, 2020 and, accordingly, the Bank had no reserve requirement at December 31, 2020. The reserve requirement as of December 31, 2019 was $109.7 million and was met by cash on hand and balances at the Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta which are reported on the Company's consolidated balance sheets in cash and due from banks and federal funds sold and interest-bearing deposits in banks, respectively.

Investment Securities

The Company classifies its debt securities in one of three categories: (i) trading, (ii) held to maturity or (iii) available for sale. Trading securities are bought and held principally for the purpose of selling them in the near term. Held to maturity securities are those securities for which the Company has the ability and intent to hold until maturity. All other debt securities are classified as available for sale. At December 31, 2020 and 2019, all debt securities were classified as available for sale.

Available for sale securities are carried at fair value. Unrealized holding gains and losses, net of the related deferred tax effect, on available for sale securities are excluded from earnings and are reported in other comprehensive income as a separate component of shareholders’ equity until realized.

The amortization of premiums and accretion of discounts are recognized in interest income using methods approximating the interest method over the expected life of the securities. Realized gains and losses, determined on the basis of the cost of specific securities sold, are included in earnings on the trade date. The Company has made a policy election to exclude accrued interest from the amortized cost basis of debt securities and report accrued interest in other assets in the consolidated balance sheets. A debt security is placed on nonaccrual status at the time any principal or interest payments become more than 90 days delinquent or if full collection of interest or principal becomes uncertain. Accrued interest for a security placed on nonaccrual is reversed against interest income. There was no accrued interest related to debt securities reversed against interest income for the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018. Accrued interest receivable on available-for-sale debt securities totaled $3.6 million as of December 31, 2020.

The Company evaluates available for sale securities in an unrealized loss position to determine if credit-related impairment exists. The Company first evaluates whether it intends to sell or more likely than not will be required to sell an impaired security before recovering its amortized cost basis. If either criteria is met, the entire amount of unrealized loss is recognized in earnings with a corresponding adjustment to the security's amortized cost basis. If either of the above criteria is not met, the Company evaluates whether the decline in fair value is attributable to credit or resulted from other factors. If credit-related impairment exists, the Company recognizes an allowance for credit losses, limited to the amount by which the fair value is less than the amortized cost basis. Any impairment not recognized through an allowance for credit losses is recognized in other comprehensive income, net of tax, as a non credit-related impairment. Refer to Note 3 for additional information.

Prior to the adoption of ASU 2016-13, a decline in the market value of any available for sale security below cost that was deemed other than temporary established a new cost basis for the security. Other than temporary impairment deemed to be credit related was charged to earnings. Other than temporary impairment attributed to non-credit related factors was recognized in other comprehensive income. In determining whether other-than-temporary impairment losses existed, management

F-13

considered (i) the length of time and the extent to which the fair value had been less than cost, (ii) the financial condition and near-term prospects of the issuer or underlying collateral of the security and (iii) the Company’s intent and ability of the Company to retain its investment in the issuer for a period of time sufficient to allow for any anticipated recovery in fair value.

Other Investments

Other investments include Federal Home Loan Bank (“FHLB”) stock. These investments do not have readily determinable fair values due to restrictions placed on transferability and therefore are carried at cost. These investments are periodically evaluated for impairment based on ultimate recovery of par value or cost basis. Both cash and stock dividends are reported as income.

Also included in other investments are 57,611 Visa Class B restricted shares owned by the Bank with a carrying value of approximately $242,000 as of December 31, 2020. These shares are transferable only under limited circumstances until they can be converted into the publicly traded Visa Class A common shares. This conversion will not occur until the settlement of certain litigation which will be indemnified by Visa members, including the Bank. Visa funded an escrow account from its initial public offering to settle these litigation claims. Should this escrow account be insufficient to cover these litigation claims, Visa is entitled to fund additional amounts to the escrow account by reducing each member bank’s Visa Class B conversion ratio to unrestricted Visa Class A shares. As of December 31, 2020, the conversion ratio was 1.6228.

Loans Held for Sale

Mortgage and SBA loans held for sale are carried at the estimated fair value, as determined by outstanding commitments from third party investors in the secondary market. Adjustments to reflect unrealized gains and losses resulting from changes in fair value of mortgage loans held for sale and realized gains and losses upon ultimate sale of the mortgage loans held for sale are classified as mortgage banking activity in the consolidated statements of income. Adjustments to reflect unrealized gains and losses resulting from changes in fair value of SBA loans held for sale and realized gains and losses upon ultimate sale of the SBA loans held for sale are classified as gain on sale of SBA loans in the consolidated statements of income. Other loans held for sale are carried at the lower of amortized cost or fair value.

Servicing Rights

When mortgage and SBA loans are sold with servicing retained, servicing rights are initially recorded at fair value with the income statement effect recorded in mortgage banking activity or gain on sale of SBA loans accordingly. Fair value is based on market prices for comparable servicing contracts, when available or alternatively, is based on a valuation model that calculates the present value of estimated future net servicing income. All classes of servicing assets are subsequently measured using the amortization method which requires servicing rights to be amortized into noninterest income in proportion to, and over the period of, the estimated future net servicing income of the underlying loans. The Company assumed the servicing of certain indirect automobile loans in an acquisition. The servicing asset was recorded at fair value on the date of acquisition and follows the amortization method.

Servicing fee income, which is reported on the income statement in mortgage banking activity for serviced mortgage loans and other noninterest income for all other serviced loans, is recorded for fees earned for servicing loans. The fees are based on a contractual percentage of the outstanding principal or a fixed amount per loan and are recorded as income when earned. The amortization of servicing rights is netted against loan servicing fee income. Servicing fees totaled $37.2 million, $19.9 million and $4.5 million for the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018, respectively. Late fees and ancillary fees related to loan servicing are not material.

Servicing rights are evaluated for impairment based upon the fair value of the rights as compared to carrying amount. Impairment is determined by stratifying rights into strata based on predominant risk characteristics, such as interest rate, loan type and investor type. Impairment is recognized for a particular stratum through a valuation allowance, to the extent that fair value is less than the carrying amount. If the Company later determines that all or a portion of the impairment no longer exists for a particular stratum, a reduction of the valuation allowance may be recorded as an increase to income. Changes in valuation allowances related to servicing rights are reported in mortgage banking activity and other noninterest income on the income statement. The fair values of servicing rights are subject to significant fluctuations as a result of changes in estimated and actual prepayment speeds and default rates and losses.

Loans

Loans are reported at their outstanding principal balances less unearned income, net of deferred fees, origination costs and unaccreted or unamortized non-credit purchase discounts or premiums, respectively. Interest income is accrued on the

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outstanding principal balance. For all classes of loans, the accrual of interest on loans is discontinued when, in management’s opinion, the borrower may be unable to make payments as they become due, unless the loan is well secured and in the process of collection. Interest income on mortgage and commercial loans is discontinued and placed on nonaccrual status at the time the loan is 90 days delinquent unless the loan is well secured and in process of collection. Mortgage loans and commercial loans are charged off to the extent principal or interest is deemed uncollectible. Consumer loans continue to accrue interest until they are charged off, generally between 90 and 120 days past due, unless the loan is in the process of collection. All interest accrued, but not collected for loans that are placed on nonaccrual or charged off, is reversed against interest income. Interest income on nonaccrual loans is applied against principal until the loans are returned to accrual status. Loans are returned to accrual status when all the principal and interest amounts contractually due are brought current and future payments are reasonably assured. Prior to the adoption of ASU 2016-13, nonaccrual loans and loans past due 90 days still on accrual include both smaller balance homogeneous loans that are collectively evaluated for impairment and individually classified impaired loans.

Allowance for Credit Losses - Loans

Under the current expected credit loss model, the allowance for credit losses (“ACL”) on loans is a valuation allowance estimated at each balance sheet date in accordance with GAAP that is deducted from the loans’ amortized cost basis to present the net amount expected to be collected on the loans.

The Company estimates the ACL on loans based on the underlying loans’ amortized cost basis, which is the amount at which the financing receivable is originated or acquired, adjusted for applicable accretion or amortization of premium, discount, and net deferred fees or costs, collection of cash, and charge-offs. In the event that collection of principal becomes uncertain, the Company has policies in place to reverse accrued interest in a timely manner. Therefore, the Company has made a policy election to exclude accrued interest from the measurement of ACL. Accrued interest receivable on loans is reported in other assets on the consolidated balance sheets and totaled $73.4 million at December 31, 2020. During the year ended December 31, 2020, the Company established an ACL of $718,000 related to deferred interest on loans modified under its Disaster Relief Program.

Expected credit losses are reflected in the allowance for credit losses through a charge to provision for credit losses. The Company measures expected credit losses of loans on a collective (pool) basis, when the loans share similar risk characteristics. Depending on the nature of the pool of loans with similar risk characteristics, the Company uses the discounted cash flow (“DCF”) method, the vintage method, the PD×LGD method or a qualitative approach as discussed further below.

The Company’s methodologies for estimating the ACL consider available relevant information about the collectability of cash flows, including information about past events, current conditions, and reasonable and supportable forecasts. The methodologies apply historical loss information, adjusted for asset-specific characteristics, economic conditions at the measurement date, and forecasts about future economic conditions expected to exist through the contractual lives of the financial assets that are reasonable and supportable, to the identified pools of loans with similar risk characteristics for which the historical loss experience was observed. The Company’s methodologies revert back to historical loss information on a straight-line basis over four quarters when it can no longer develop reasonable and supportable forecasts.

The Company has identified the following pools of loans with similar risk characteristics for measuring expected credit losses:

Commercial, financial, and agricultural - These loans include both secured and unsecured loans for working capital, expansion, crop production and other business purposes. Commercial, financial and agricultural loans also include certain U.S. Small Business Administration (“SBA”) loans, including loans outstanding under the SBA's Paycheck Protection Program ("PPP"). Short-term working capital loans are secured by non-real estate collateral such as accounts receivable, crops, inventory and equipment. The Bank evaluates the financial strength, cash flow, management, credit history of the borrower and the quality of the collateral securing the loan. The Bank often requires personal guarantees and secondary sources of repayment on commercial, financial and agricultural loans.

Consumer installment - These loans include home improvement loans, direct automobile loans, boat and recreational vehicle financing, and both secured and unsecured personal loans. Consumer loans carry greater risks than other loans, as the collateral can consist of rapidly depreciating assets such as automobiles and equipment that may not provide an adequate source of repayment of the loan in the case of default.

Indirect automobile - Indirect automobile loans are secured by automobile collateral, generally new and used cars and trucks from auto dealers that operate within selected states. Repayment of these loans depends largely on the personal income of the borrowers which can be affected by changes in economic conditions such as unemployment levels. Collateral consists of rapidly depreciating assets that may not provide an adequate source of repayment of the loan in the event of default.

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Mortgage warehouse - Mortgage Warehouse facilities are provided to unaffiliated mortgage origination companies and are collateralized by one-to-four family residential loans or mortgage servicing rights. The originator closes new mortgage loans with the intent to sell these loans to third party investors for a profit. The Bank provides funding to the mortgage companies for the period between the origination and their sale of the loan. The Bank has a policy that requires that it separately validate that each residential mortgage loan was underwritten consistent with the underwriting requirements of the final investor or market standards prior to advancing funds. The Bank is repaid with the proceeds received from sale of the mortgage loan to the final investor.

Municipal - Municipal loans consists of loans made to counties, municipalities and political subdivisions. The source of repayment for these loans is either general revenue of the municipality or revenues of the project being financed by the loan. These loans may be secured by real estate, machinery, equipment or assignment of certain revenues.

Premium Finance - Premium finance provides loans for the acquisition of certain commercial insurance policies. Repayment of these loans is dependent on the cash flow of the insured which can be affected by changes in economic conditions. The Bank has procedures in place to cancel the insurance policy after default by the borrower to minimize the risk of loss.

Real Estate - Construction and Development - Construction and development loans include loans for the development of residential neighborhoods, one-to-four family home residential construction loans to builders and consumers, and commercial real estate construction loans, primarily for owner-occupied and investment properties. The Company limits its construction lending risk through adherence to established underwriting procedures.

Real Estate - Commercial and Farmland - Commercial real estate loans include loans secured by owner-occupied commercial buildings for office, storage, retail, farmland and warehouse space. They also include non-owner occupied commercial buildings such as leased retail and office space. Lodging (hotel / motel) loans are a subsegment of commercial real estate loans. Commercial real estate loans may be larger in size and may involve a greater degree of risk than one-to-four family residential mortgage loans. Payments on such loans are often dependent on successful operation or management of the properties.

Real Estate - Residential - The Company's residential loans represent permanent mortgage financing and are secured by residential properties located within the Bank's market areas. Residential real estate loans also include purchased loan pools secured by residential properties located outside the Bank's market area.

Discounted Cash Flow Method

The Company uses the discounted cash flow method to estimate expected credit losses for the commercial, financial and agricultural, consumer installment, real estate - construction and development, real estate - commercial and farmland and real estate - residential loan segments. For each of these loan segments, the Company generates cash flow projections at the instrument level wherein payment expectations are adjusted for estimated prepayment speed, curtailments, time to recovery, probability of default, and loss given default. The modeling of expected prepayment speeds, curtailment rates, and time to recovery are based on historical internal data adjusted based upon peer data.

The Company uses regression analysis of historical internal and peer data to determine suitable loss drivers to utilize when modeling lifetime probability of default and loss given default. This analysis also determines how expected probability of default and loss given default will react to forecasted levels of the loss drivers. For all loan pools utilizing the DCF method, the Company uses a combination of national and regional data including gross domestic product, home price indices, unemployment rates, retail sales, and rental vacancy rates depending on the nature of the underlying loan pool and how well that loss driver correlates to expected future losses.

For all DCF models, management has determined that four quarters represents a reasonable and supportable forecast period and reverts back to a historical loss rate over four quarters on a straight-line basis. Management leverages economic projections from a reputable and independent third party to inform its loss driver forecasts over the four-quarter forecast period. Other internal and external indicators of economic forecasts are also considered by management when developing the forecast metrics.

The combination of adjustments for credit expectations (default and loss) and timing expectations (prepayment, curtailment, and time to recovery) produces an expected cash flow stream at the instrument level. Instrument effective yield is calculated, net of the impacts of prepayment assumptions, and the instrument expected cash flows are then discounted at that effective yield to produce an instrument-level net present value of expected cash flows (“NPV”). An ACL is established for the difference between the instrument’s NPV and amortized cost basis.

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Vintage Method

The Company uses a vintage method to estimate expected credit losses for the indirect automobile loans segment. The Company’s vintage analysis is based on loss rates by origination date and includes data on loan amounts, loan charge-offs and recoveries by date. Using this information, vintage tables are created to evaluate loss rate patterns and develop estimated losses by vintage year. Once the tables have been calculated, reserves are estimated by multiplying the balance of a given origination year by the remaining loss to be experienced by that vintage.

PD×LGD Method

The Company uses the PD×LGD method to estimate expected credit losses (“EL”) for the premium finance and municipal loan segments. Under the PD×LGD method, the loss rate is a function of two components: (1) the lifetime default rate (“PD”); and (2) the loss given default (“LGD”). For the premium finance loan segment, calculations of lifetime default rates and corresponding loss given default rates of static pools are performed. The PD×LGD method uses the default rates and loss given default rates of different static pools to quantify the relationship between those rates and the credit mix of the pools and applies that relationship on a going forward basis. The Company has not incurred any historical defaults or charge offs in its municipal portfolio. Therefore, in lieu of historical loss rates, the Company applies historical benchmarking PD and LGD ratios provided by a reputable and independent third party to the current municipal loan balance.

Qualitative Factors

The Company uses qualitative factors for model risk uncertainty as well as for loan segment specific risks that cannot be addressed in the quantitative methods.

Individually Evaluated Assets

Loans that do not share risk characteristics are evaluated on an individual basis. For collateral dependent loans where the Company has determined that foreclosure of the collateral is probable, or where the borrower is experiencing financial difficulty and the Company expects repayment of the loan to be provided substantially through the operation or sale of the collateral, the ACL is measured based on the difference between the fair value of the collateral and the amortized cost basis of the loan as of the measurement date. When repayment is expected to be from the operation of the collateral, expected credit losses are calculated as the amount by which the amortized cost basis of the loan exceeds the present value of expected cash flows from the operation of the collateral. The Company may, in the alternative, measure the expected credit loss as the amount by which the amortized cost basis of the loan exceeded the estimated fair value of the collateral. When repayment is expected to be from the sale of the collateral, expected credit losses are calculated as the amount by which the amortized costs basis of the loan exceeds the fair value of the underlying collateral less estimated cost to sell. The ACL may be zero if the fair value of the collateral at the measurement date exceeds the amortized cost basis of the loan.

The Company’s estimate of the ACL reflects losses expected over the remaining contractual life of the loans. The contractual term does not consider extensions, renewals or modifications unless the Company has identified an expected troubled debt restructuring.

A loan that has been modified or renewed is considered a troubled debt restructuring (“TDR”) when two conditions are met: (1) the borrower is experiencing financial difficulty; and (2) concessions are made for the borrower's benefit that would not otherwise be considered for a borrower or transaction with similar credit risk characteristics. The Company’s ACL reflects all effects of a TDR when an individual asset is specifically identified as a reasonably expected TDR. The Company has determined that a TDR is reasonably expected no later than the point when the lender concludes that modification is the best course of action and it is at least reasonably possible that the troubled borrower will accept some form of concession from the lender to avoid a default. Reasonably expected TDRs and executed non-performing TDRs are evaluated individually to determine the required ACL. TDRs performing in accordance with their modified contractual terms for a reasonable period of time may be included in the Company’s existing pools based on the underlying risk characteristics of the loan to measure the ACL.

Guidance on Non-TDR Loan Modifications due to COVID-19

In April 2020, various regulatory agencies, including the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (the "FRB") and the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (the "FDIC"), issued a revised interagency statement encouraging financial institutions to work with customers affected by COVID-19 and providing additional information regarding loan modifications. The revised interagency statement clarifies the interaction between the interagency statement issued on March 22, 2020 and the

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temporary relief provided by Section 4013 of the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act (the “CARES Act”). Section 4013 of the CARES Act allows financial institutions to suspend the requirements to classify certain loan modifications as TDRs. The revised statement also provides supervisory interpretations on past due and nonaccrual regulatory reporting of loan modification programs and regulatory capital. This interagency guidance is expected to reduce the number of TDRs that will be reported in future periods; however, the amount is indeterminable and will depend on future developments, which are highly uncertain and cannot be accurately predicted, including the scope and duration of the pandemic and actions taken by governmental authorities and other third parties in response to the pandemic. In December 2020, the 2021 Consolidated Appropriations Act was signed into law and extended the provisions of Section 4013 through the earlier of 60 days after the national emergency termination date or January 1, 2022.

Charge-offs and Recoveries

Loan losses are charged against the allowance when management believes the collection of a loan’s principal is unlikely. Subsequent recoveries are credited to the allowance. Consumer loans are charged-off in accordance with the Federal Financial Institutions Examination Council’s (“FFIEC”) Uniform Retail Credit Classification and Account Management Policy. Commercial loans are charged-off when they are deemed uncollectible, which usually involves a triggering event within the collection effort. If the loan is collateral dependent, the loss is more easily identified and is charged-off when it is identified, usually based upon receipt of an appraisal. However, when a loan has guarantor support, and the guarantor demonstrates willingness and capacity to support the debt, the Company may carry the estimated loss as a reserve against the loan while collection efforts with the guarantor are pursued. If, after collection efforts with the guarantor are complete, the deficiency is still considered uncollectible, the loss is charged-off and any further collections are treated as recoveries. In all situations, when a loan is downgraded to a loan risk rating of 9 (Loss per the regulatory guidance), the uncollectible portion is charged-off.

Allowance for Credit Losses - Loans (prior to the adoption of ASU 2016-13)

Prior to the adoption of ASU 2016-13, the ACL was an amount that represented a reserve for probable incurred losses in the loan portfolio. The ACL was evaluated on a regular basis by management and was based upon management’s periodic review of various risks in the loan portfolio highlighted by historical experience, the nature and volume of the loan portfolio, overall portfolio quality, review of specific problem loans, current economic conditions that may affect the borrower’s ability to pay, estimated value of any underlying collateral and prevailing economic conditions. This evaluation was inherently subjective as it required estimates that were susceptible to significant revision as more information became available. The ACL evaluation did not include the effects of expected losses on specific loans or groups of loans that were related to future events or expected changes in economic conditions.

The ACL consists of specific and general components. The specific component included loans management considered impaired and other loans or groups of loans that management classified with higher risk characteristics. For such loans that were classified as impaired, an allowance was established when the discounted cash flows, collateral value or observable market price of the impaired loan was lower than the carrying value of that loan. The general component covers non-classified loans and was based on historical loss experience adjusted for qualitative factors.

The Company segregated the loan portfolio by type of loan and utilized this segregation in evaluating exposure to risks within the portfolio. In addition, based on internal reviews and external reviews performed by independent loan reviewers and regulatory authorities, the Company further segregated the loan portfolio by loan grades based on an assessment of risk for a particular loan or group of loans. In establishing allowances, management considered historical loan loss experience but adjusted this data with a significant emphasis on data such as risk ratings, current loan quality trends, current economic conditions and other factors in the markets where the Company operates. Factors considered include, among others, current valuations of real estate in their markets, unemployment rates, the effect of weather conditions on agricultural related entities and other significant local economic events.

The Company developed a methodology for determining the adequacy of the allowance for loan losses which was monitored by the Company’s Chief Credit Officer. Procedures provided for the assignment of a risk rating for every loan included in the total loan portfolio. Commercial insurance premium loans, overdraft protection loans and certain mortgage loans and consumer loans serviced by outside processors were treated as pools for risk rating purposes. The risk rating schedule provides nine ratings of which five ratings are classified as pass ratings and four ratings are classified as criticized ratings. Each risk rating is assigned a percentage factor of historical losses, calculated by loan type, and adjusted for qualitative factors to be applied to the balance of loans by risk rating and loan type, to determine the adequate amount of reserve. Many of the larger loans require an annual review by an independent loan officer in the Company’s internal loan review department. Assigned risk ratings are adjusted based on various factors including changes in borrower’s financial condition, the number of days past due and general

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economic conditions. The calculation of the allowance for loan losses, including underlying data and assumptions, is reviewed quarterly by the independent internal loan review department.

Loan Commitments and Financial Instruments

Financial instruments include off-balance sheet credit instruments, such as commitments to make loans and commercial letters of credit issued to meet customer financing needs. The Company’s exposure to credit loss in the event of nonperformance by the other party to the financial instrument for off-balance sheet loan commitments is represented by the contractual amount of those instruments. Such financial instruments are recorded when they are funded.

Subsequent to the adoption of ASU 2016-13, the Company records an allowance for credit losses on off-balance sheet credit exposures, unless the commitments to extend credit are unconditionally cancelable, through a charge to provision for unfunded commitments in the Company’s consolidated statements of income. The ACL on off-balance sheet credit exposures is estimated by loan segment at each balance sheet date under the current expected credit loss model using the same methodologies as portfolio loans, taking into consideration the likelihood that funding will occur as well as any third-party guarantees and is included in other liabilities on the Company’s consolidated balance sheets.

Premises and Equipment

Land is carried at cost. Other premises and equipment are carried at cost, less accumulated depreciation computed on the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets. In general, estimated lives for buildings are up to 40 years, furniture and equipment useful lives range from three to 20 years and the lives of software and computer related equipment range from three to five years. Leasehold improvements are amortized over the life of the related lease, or the related assets, whichever is shorter. Expenditures for major improvements of the Company’s premises and equipment are capitalized and depreciated over their estimated useful lives. Minor repairs, maintenance and improvements are charged to operations as incurred. When assets are sold or disposed of, their cost and related accumulated depreciation are removed from the accounts and any gain or loss is reflected in earnings.

Leases

The Company has entered into various operating leases for certain branch locations, ATM locations, loan production offices, and corporate support services locations. Generally, these leases have initial lease terms of 13 years or less. Many of the leases have one or more lease renewal options. The exercise of lease renewal options is at our sole discretion. The Company does not consider exercise of any lease renewal options reasonably certain. Certain of our lease agreements contain early termination options. No renewal options or early termination options have been included in the calculation of the operating right-of-use assets or operating lease liabilities. Certain of our lease agreements provide for periodic adjustments to rental payments for inflation. At the commencement date of the lease, the Company recognizes a lease liability at the present value of the lease payments not yet paid, discounted using the discount rate for the lease or the Company’s incremental borrowing rate. As the majority of the Company's leases do not provide an implicit rate, the Company uses its incremental borrowing rate at the commencement date in determining the present value of lease payments. The incremental borrowing rate is based on the term of the lease. Incremental borrowing rates on January 1, 2019 were used for operating leases that commenced prior to that date. At the commencement date, the company also recognizes a right-of-use asset measured at (i) the initial measurement of the lease liability; (ii) any lease payments made to the lessor at or before the commencement date less any lease incentives received; and (iii) any initial direct costs incurred by the lessee. Leases with an initial term of 12 months or less are not recorded on the balance sheet. For these short-term leases, lease expense is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term. At December 31, 2020, the Company had no leases classified as finance leases.

FDIC Loss-Share Receivable/Payable

In connection with the Company’s FDIC-assisted acquisitions, the Company has recorded an FDIC loss-share receivable to reflect the indemnification provided by the FDIC. Since the indemnified items are covered loans and covered foreclosed assets, which are initially measured at fair value, the FDIC loss-share receivable is also initially measured and recorded at fair value, and is calculated by discounting the cash flows expected to be received from the FDIC. These cash flows are estimated by multiplying estimated losses by the reimbursement rates as set forth in the loss-sharing agreements. The balance of the FDIC loss-share receivable and the accretion (or amortization) thereof is adjusted periodically to reflect changes in expectations of discounted cash flows, expense reimbursements under the loss-sharing agreements and other factors. The Company is accreting (or amortizing) its FDIC loss-share receivable over the shorter of the contractual term of the indemnification agreement (ten years for the single family loss-sharing agreements, and five years for the non-single family loss-sharing agreements) or the remaining life of the indemnified asset.

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Pursuant to the clawback provisions of the loss-sharing agreements for the Company’s FDIC-assisted acquisitions, the Company may be required to reimburse the FDIC should actual losses be less than certain thresholds established in each loss-sharing agreement. The amount of the clawback provision for each acquisition is measured and recorded at fair value. It is calculated as the difference between management’s estimated losses on covered loans and covered foreclosed assets and the loss threshold contained in each loss-sharing agreement, multiplied by the applicable clawback provisions contained in each loss-sharing agreement. This clawback amount, which is payable to the FDIC upon termination of the applicable loss-sharing agreement, is then discounted back to net present value. To the extent that actual losses on covered loans and covered foreclosed assets are less than estimated losses, the applicable clawback payable to the FDIC upon termination of the loss-sharing agreements will increase. To the extent that actual losses on covered loans and covered foreclosed assets are more than estimated losses, the applicable clawback payable to the FDIC upon termination of the loss-sharing agreements will decrease. The balance of the FDIC clawback payable and the amortization thereof are adjusted periodically to reflect changes in expected losses on covered assets and the impact of such changes on the clawback payable and other factors. The Company terminated its remaining loss-sharing agreements with the FDIC in December 2020.

Goodwill and Intangible Assets

Amortization periods for intangible assets are reviewed annually in connection with the annual impairment testing of goodwill.

Cash Value of Bank Owned Life Insurance

The Company has purchased life insurance policies on certain officers. The life insurance is recorded at the amount that can be realized under the insurance contract at the balance sheet date, which is the cash surrender value adjusted for other charges or other amounts due that are probable at settlement.

Other Real Estate Owned

Foreclosed assets acquired through or in lieu of loan foreclosure are held for sale and are initially recorded at fair value less estimated cost to sell. Any write-down to fair value at the time of transfer to foreclosed assets is charged to the allowance for loan losses. Subsequent to foreclosure, valuations are periodically performed by management and the assets are carried at the lower of carrying amount or fair value less cost to sell. Costs of improvements are capitalized up to the fair value of the property, whereas costs relating to holding foreclosed assets and subsequent adjustments to the value are charged to operations.

Income Taxes

Deferred income tax assets and liabilities are determined using the liability method. Under this method, the net deferred tax asset or liability is determined based on the tax effects of the temporary differences between the book and tax bases of the various balance sheet assets and liabilities and gives current recognition to changes in tax rates and laws.

In the event the future tax consequences of differences between the financial reporting bases and the tax bases of the assets and liabilities results in deferred tax assets, an evaluation of the probability of being able to realize the future benefits indicated by such assets is required. A valuation allowance is provided for the portion of the deferred tax asset when it is more likely than not that some portion or all of the deferred tax asset will not be realized. In assessing the realizability of the deferred tax assets,

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management considers the scheduled reversals of deferred tax liabilities, projected future taxable income and tax planning strategies.

The Company currently evaluates income tax positions judged to be uncertain. A loss contingency reserve is accrued if it is probable that the tax position will be challenged with a tax examination being presumed to occur, it is probable that the future resolution of the challenge will confirm that a loss has been incurred, and the amount of such loss can be reasonably estimated.

The Company recognizes interest and penalties related to income tax matters in other noninterest expenses.

Loss Contingencies

Loss contingencies, including claims and legal actions arising in the ordinary course of business, are recorded as liabilities when the likelihood of loss is probable and an amount or range of loss can be reasonably estimated.

Share-Based Compensation

The Company accounts for its stock compensation plans using a fair value based method whereby compensation cost is measured at the grant date based on the value of the award and is recognized over the service period, which is usually the vesting period. The Company recorded approximately $3.9 million, $3.4 million, and $6.2 million of share-based compensation cost for the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018, respectively. The Company recognized forfeitures as they occur.

Treasury Stock

The Company’s repurchases of shares of its common stock are recorded at cost as treasury stock and result in a reduction of shareholders' equity.

Earnings Per Share

Basic earnings per share are computed by dividing net income allocated to common shareholders by the weighted-average number of shares of common stock outstanding during the period. Diluted earnings per common share are computed by dividing net income allocated to common shareholders by the sum of the weighted-average number of shares of common stock outstanding and the effect of the issuance of potential common shares that are dilutive. Potential common shares consist of stock options and restricted shares for the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018, and are determined using the treasury stock method. The Company has determined that its outstanding non-vested stock awards are participating securities, and all dividends on these awards are paid similar to other dividends.

Presented below is a summary of the components used to calculate basic and diluted earnings per share.


	Years Ended December 31,
(dollars and shares in thousands)	2020		2019		2018
Net income available to common shareholders	$	261,988	$	161,441	$	121,027

Weighted average number of common shares outstanding	69,256		58,462		43,142
Effect of dilutive stock options	23		69		6
Effect of dilutive restricted stock awards	129		83		100
Effect of performance stock units	18		—		—
Weighted average number of common shares outstanding used to calculate diluted earnings per share	69,426		58,614		43,248

For the year ended December 31, 2020, there were 197,765 options exerciseable for common shares with strike prices that would cause the underlying shares to be anti-dilutive. Therefore, such option shares have been excluded. For the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, there were no outstanding options exerciseable for common shares with strike prices that would cause the underlying shares to be anti-dilutive.

Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities

The Company had a cash flow hedge that matured September 15, 2020 with notional amount of $37.1 million at December 31, 2019 for the purpose of converting the variable rate on certain junior subordinated debentures to a fixed rate of 4.11%. The fair value of this instrument was a liability of $187,000 as of December 31, 2019. No material hedge ineffectiveness from cash flow

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was recognized in the statement of operations. All components of each derivative’s gain or loss are included in the assessment of hedge effectiveness.

The goal of the Company’s interest rate risk management process is to minimize the volatility in the net interest margin caused by changes in interest rates. Derivative instruments are used to hedge certain assets or liabilities as a part of this process. The Company is required to recognize certain contracts and commitments as derivatives when the characteristics of those contracts and commitments meet the definition of a derivative. All derivative instruments are required to be carried at fair value on the balance sheet.

The Company’s hedging strategies include utilizing an interest rate swap classified as a cash flow hedge. Cash flow hedges relate to converting the variability in future interest payments on a floating rate liability to fixed payments. When effective, the fair value of cash flow hedges is carried as a component of other comprehensive income rather than an income statement item.

Revenue Recognition

With the exception of gains/losses on the sale of OREO discussed below, revenue from contracts with customers ("ASC 606 Revenue") is recorded in the service charges on deposit accounts category and the other service charges, commissions and fees category in the Company's consolidated statement of income as part of noninterest income. Substantially all ASC 606 Revenue is recorded in the Banking Division.

Debit Card Interchange Fees - The Company earns debit card interchange fees from debit cardholder transactions conducted through various payment networks. Interchange fees from debit cardholders transactions represent a percentage of the underlying transaction amount and are recognized daily, concurrently with the transaction processing services provided to the debit cardholder.

Overdraft Fees - Overdraft fees are recognized at the point in time that the overdraft occurs.

Other Service Charges on Deposit Accounts - Other service charges on deposit accounts include both transaction-based fees and account maintenance fees. Transaction based fees, which include wire transfer fees, stop payment charges, statement rendering, and automated clearing house ("ACH") fees, are recognized at the time the transaction is executed as that is the point in time the Company fulfills the customer's request. Account maintenance fees, which relate primarily to monthly maintenance, are earned over the course of a month, representing the period over which the Company satisfies the performance obligation.

ATM Fees - Transaction-based ATM usage fees are recognized at the time the transaction is executed as that is the point at which the Company satisfies the performance obligation.

Gains on the Sale of OREO - The net gains and losses on sales of OREO are recorded in credit resolution related expenses in the Company's consolidated statement of income. The Company records a gain or loss from the sale of OREO when control of the property transfers to the buyer, which generally occurs at the time of an executed deed. When the Company finances the sale of OREO to the buyer, the Company assesses whether the buyer is committed to perform their obligations under the contract and whether collectability of the transaction price is probable. Once these criteria are met, the OREO asset is derecognized and the gain on sale is recorded upon the transfer of control of the property to the buyer. The Company does not provide financing for the sale of OREO unless these criteria are met and the OREO can be derecognized.

Trust and Wealth Management - Trust and wealth management income is primarily comprised of fees earned from personal trust administration, estate settlement, investment management, employee benefit plan administration, custody, United States tax code sections 1031/1033 exchanges ("Sections 1031/1033 exchanges") and escrow accounts. Personal trust administration, investment management, employee benefit plan administration and custody fees are generally earned/accrued monthly with billings typically done monthly, and are based on the assets/trust under management or administration and services with certain annual minimum fees provided as outlined in the applicable fee schedule. Sections 1031/1033 exchanges and escrow accounts fees are based on a contractual agreement. The Company’s fiduciary obligations are generally satisfied over time and the resulting fees are recognized monthly, based upon the monthly average market value of the assets under management and the applicable fee rate. Payment is typically received in the following month. The Company does not earn performance-based incentives.

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Mortgage Banking Derivatives

The Company maintains a risk management program to manage interest rate risk and pricing risk associated with its mortgage lending activities. Commitments to fund mortgage loans (interest rate locks) to be sold into the secondary market and forward commitments for the future delivery of these mortgage loans are accounted for as free standing derivatives. The fair value of the interest rate lock is recorded at the time the commitment to fund the mortgage loan is executed and is adjusted for the expected exercise of the commitment before the loan is funded. In order to hedge the change in interest rates resulting from its commitments to fund the loans, the Company enters into forward commitments for the future delivery of mortgage loans when interest rate locks are entered into. Fair values of these mortgage derivatives are estimated based on changes in mortgage interest rates from the date the interest on the loan is locked. Changes in the fair values of these derivatives are included in mortgage banking activity in the Company's consolidated statement of income. The fair value of these instruments amounted to an asset of approximately $51.8 million and $7.8 million at December 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively, and a derivative liability of approximately $16.4 million and $4.5 million at December 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively.

Comprehensive Income

The Company’s comprehensive income consists of net income, changes in the net unrealized holding gains and losses of securities available for sale, unrealized gain or loss on the effective portion of cash flow hedges and the realized gain or loss recognized due to the sale or unwind of cash flow hedges prior to their contractual maturity date. These amounts are carried in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) on the consolidated statements of comprehensive income and are presented net of taxes.

Fair Value Measures

Fair values of assets and liabilities are estimated using relevant market information and other assumptions, as more fully disclosed in a separate note. Fair value estimates involve uncertainties and matters of significant judgment regarding interest rates, credit risk, prepayments, and other factors, especially in the absence of broad markets for particular items. Changes in assumptions or in market conditions could significantly affect these estimates.

Operating Segments

The Company has five reportable segments, the Banking Division, the Retail Mortgage Division, the Warehouse Lending Division, the SBA Division and the Premium Finance Division. The Banking Division derives its revenues from the delivery of full service financial services to include commercial loans, consumer loans and deposit accounts. The Retail Mortgage Division derives its revenues from the origination, sales and servicing of one-to-four family residential mortgage loans. The Warehouse Lending Division derives its revenues from the origination and servicing of warehouse lines to other businesses that are secured by underlying one-to-four family residential mortgage loans and residential mortgage servicing rights. The SBA Division derives its revenues from the origination, sales and servicing of SBA loans. The Premium Finance Division derives its revenues from the origination and servicing of commercial insurance premium finance loans.

The Banking, Retail Mortgage, Warehouse Lending, SBA and Premium Finance Divisions are managed as separate business units because of the different products and services they provide. The Company evaluates performance and allocates resources based on profit or loss from operations. There are no material intersegment sales or transfers.

Accounting Standards Adopted in 2020

ASU 2018-15 – Intangibles – Goodwill and Other – Internal-Use Software (Subtopic 350-40): Customer's Accounting for Implementation Costs incurred in a Cloud Computing Arrangement That Is a Service Contract ("ASU 2018-15"). ASU 2018-15 requires that application development stage implementation costs incurred in a Cloud Computing Arrangement ("CCA") that are service contracts be capitalized and amortized over the term of the hosting arrangement, including renewal option terms if the customer entity is reasonably certain to exercise the option. Costs incurred in the preliminary project and post-implementation stages are expensed as incurred. Training costs and certain data conversion costs also cannot be capitalized for a CCA that is a service contract. Amortization expense of capitalized implementation costs will be presented in the same income statement caption as the CCA fees. Similarly, capitalized implementation costs will be presented in the same balance sheet caption as any prepaid CCA fees, and cash flows from capitalized implementation costs will be classified in the statement of cash flows in the same manner as payments made for the CCA fees. The requirements of ASU 2018-15 should be applied either retrospectively or prospectively to all implementation costs incurred after the adoption date. ASU 2018-15 is effective for interim and annual periods beginning after December 15, 2019. Early adoption is permitted. During the first

F-23

quarter of 2020, the Company adopted the provision of ASU 2018-15, and the adoption did not have a material impact on the Company's consolidated financial statements.

ASU 2018-13 – Fair Value Measurement (Topic 820): Disclosure Framework – Changes to the Disclosure Requirements for Fair Value Measurement ("ASU 2018-13). ASU 2018-13 changes fair value measurement disclosure requirements by removing certain requirements, modifying certain requirements and adding certain new requirements. Disclosure requirements removed include the following: transfers between Level 1 and Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy; the policy for determining when transfers between any of the three levels have occurred; the valuation processes for Level 3 measurements; and the changes in unrealized gains or losses presented in earnings for Level 3 instruments held at the end of the reporting period. Disclosure requirements that have been modified include the following: for investments in certain entities that calculate net asset value, an entity is required to disclose the timing of liquidation of an investee's assets and the date when restrictions from redemption might lapse only if the investee has communicated the timing to the entity or announced the timing publicly; and clarification that the Level 3 measurement uncertainty disclosure should communicate information about the uncertainty at the balance sheet date. New disclosure requirements include the following: the changes in unrealized gains and losses for the period included in other comprehensive income for recurring Level 3 instruments held at the end of the reporting period; and the range and weighted average of significant unobservable inputs used for Level 3 measurements or disclosure of other quantitative information in place of the weighted average to the extent that it would be a more reasonable and rational method to reflect the distribution of unobservable inputs. ASU 2018-13 is effective for interim and annual periods beginning after December 15, 2019. Early adoption is permitted. During the first quarter of 2020, the Company adopted the provision of ASU 2018-13, and the adoption did not have a material impact on the Company's consolidated financial statements.

ASU 2017-04 – Intangibles: Goodwill and Other: Simplifying the Test for Goodwill Impairment (“ASU 2017-04”). ASU 2017-04 eliminates Step 2 from the goodwill impairment test to simplify the subsequent measurement of goodwill. The annual, or interim, goodwill impairment test is performed by comparing the fair value of a reporting unit with its carrying amount. An impairment charge should be recognized for the amount by which the carrying amount exceeds the reporting unit’s fair value; however, the loss recognized should not exceed the total amount of goodwill allocated to that reporting unit. In addition, the income tax effects of tax deductible goodwill on the carrying amount of the reporting unit should be considered when measuring the goodwill impairment loss, if applicable. ASU 2017-04 also eliminates the requirements for any reporting unit with a zero or negative carrying amount to perform Step 2 of the goodwill impairment test. An entity still has the option to perform the qualitative assessment for a reporting unit to determine if the quantitative impairment test is necessary. The standard must be adopted using a prospective basis and the nature and reason for the change in accounting principle should be disclosed upon transition. ASU 2017-04 is effective for annual or any interim goodwill impairment tests in reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2019. Early adoption is permitted on testing dates after January 1, 2017. During the first quarter of 2020, the Company adopted the provision of ASU 2017-04, and the adoption did not have a material impact on the Company's consolidated financial statements.

ASU 2016-13 – Financial Instruments—Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments (“ASU 2016-13”). ASU 2016-13 significantly changes how entities will measure credit losses for most financial assets and certain other instruments that are not measured at fair value through net income. The standard will replace the current incurred loss approach with an expected loss model, referred to as the current expected credit loss (“CECL”) model. The new standard will apply to financial assets subject to credit losses and measured at amortized cost and certain off-balance-sheet credit exposures, which include, but are not limited to, loans, leases, held-to-maturity securities, loan commitments and financial guarantees. ASU 2016-13 simplifies the accounting for purchased credit-impaired debt securities and loans and expands the disclosure requirements regarding an entity’s assumptions, models and methods for estimating the allowance for loan and lease losses. In addition, entities will need to disclose the amortized cost balance for each class of financial asset by credit quality indicator, disaggregated by the year of origination.

The Company adopted ASU 2016-13 and all related subsequent amendments thereto effective January 1, 2020 using the modified retrospective approach, except as described below. The Company recognized an increase in the allowance for credit losses on loans of $78.7 million, an increase in the allowance for unfunded commitments of $12.7 million and a reduction of retained earnings of $56.7 million, net of the increase in deferred tax assets of $19.0 million.

The Company adopted ASU 2016-13 using the prospective transition approach for purchased financial assets with credit deterioration ("PCD") that were previously classified as purchased credit impaired ("PCI") and accounted for under ASC 310-30. In accordance with ASU 2016-13, the Company did not reassess whether PCI assets met the criteria of PCD assets as of the date of adoption. The Company determined $15.6 million of existing discounts on PCD loans was related to credit factors and was reclassified to the ACL upon adoption. The remaining discount on the PCD assets was determined to be related to noncredit factors and will be accreted into interest income on a level-yield method over the life of the loans.

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In addition, for available-for-sale debt securities, the new methodology replaces the other-than-temporary impairment model and requires the recognition of an allowance for reductions in a security’s fair value attributable to declines in credit quality, instead of a direct write-down of the security when a valuation decline is determined to be other-than-temporary. There was no financial impact related to this implementation. The Company has made a policy election to exclude accrued interest from the amortized cost basis of debt securities and report accrued interest in other assets in the consolidated balance sheets.

Accounting Standards Pending Adoption

ASU No. 2021-01 – Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848): Scope ("ASU 2021-01"). ASU 2021-01 clarifies that certain optional expedients and exceptions in ASC 848 for contract modifications and hedge accounting apply to derivatives that are affected by the discounting transition. ASU 2021-01 also amends the expedients and exceptions in ASC 848 to capture the incremental consequences of the scope clarification and to tailor the existing guidance to derivative instruments affected by the discounting transition. Because the guidance is intended to assist stakeholders during the global market-wide reference rate transition period, it is in effect for a limited time, from March 12, 2020 through December 31, 2022. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of adopting ASU 2021-01 on the consolidated financial statements.

ASU No. 2020-04 – Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848): Facilitation of the Effects of Reference Rate Reform on Financial Reporting ("ASU 2020-04"). ASU 2020-04 provides optional guidance, for a limited time, to ease the potential burden in accounting for or recognizing the effects of reference rate reform on financial reporting. The amendments, which are elective, provide expedients and exceptions for applying GAAP to contract modifications and hedging relationships affected by reference rate reform if certain criteria are met. The amendments apply only to contracts and hedging relationships that reference LIBOR or another reference rate that is expected to be discontinued due to reference rate reform. The optional expedients for contract modifications apply consistently for all contracts or transactions within the relevant Codification Topic, Subtopic, or Industry Subtopic that contains the guidance that otherwise would be required to be applied, while those for hedging relationships can be elected on an individual hedging relationship basis. Because the guidance is intended to assist stakeholders during the global market-wide reference rate transition period, it is in effect for a limited time, from March 12, 2020 through December 31, 2022. The Company has established a working committee with representatives from relevant functional areas to inventory the contracts and accounts that are tied to LIBOR and develop a transition plan for the affected items. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of adopting ASU 2020-04 on the consolidated financial statements.

ASU 2019-12 – Income Taxes (Topic 740): Simplifying the Accounting for Income Taxes ("ASU 2019-12"). ASU 2019-12 simplifies the accounting for income taxes by removing certain technical exceptions. ASU 2019-12 also clarifies and amends the accounting for income taxes in certain areas including, among others: (i) franchise taxes that are partially based on income; (ii) whether step ups in the tax basis of goodwill should be considered part of the acquisition to which it related or recognized as a separate transaction; and (iii) requiring the effect of an enacted change in tax laws or rates to be reflected in the annual effective tax rate computation in the interim period that includes the enactment date. The Company expects to apply the amendments in this update on a modified retrospective basis for the provision related to franchise taxes and prospectively for all other amendments. ASU 2019-12 is effective for interim and annual periods beginning after December 15, 2020. Early adoption is permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the impact this ASU will have on the Company’s consolidated balance sheet, consolidated statement of income and comprehensive income, consolidated statement of shareholders’ equity and consolidated statement of cash flows, but it is not expected to have a material impact.

Reclassifications

Certain reclassifications of prior year amounts have been made to conform with the current year presentations.

NOTE 2. BUSINESS COMBINATIONS

Fidelity Southern Corporation

On July 1, 2019, the Company completed its acquisition of Fidelity Southern Corporation ("Fidelity"), a bank holding company headquartered in Atlanta, Georgia. Upon consummation of the acquisition, Fidelity was merged with and into the Company, with Ameris as the surviving entity in the merger, and Fidelity's wholly owned banking subsidiary, Fidelity Bank, was merged with and into the Bank, with the Bank surviving. The acquisition expanded the Company's existing market presence in Georgia and Florida, as Fidelity Bank had a total of 62 branches at the time of closing, 46 of which were located in Georgia and 16 of which were located in Florida. Under the terms of the merger agreement, Fidelity's shareholders received 0.80 shares of Ameris common stock for each share of Fidelity common stock they previously held. As a result, the Company issued 22,181,522 shares of its common stock at a fair value of $869.3 million to Fidelity's shareholders as merger consideration.

F-25

The following table presents the assets acquired and liabilities assumed of Fidelity as of July 1, 2019, and their fair value estimates. The fair value estimates were subject to refinement for up to one year after the closing date of the acquisition for new information obtained about facts and circumstances that existed at the acquisition date. The Company finalized its fair value adjustments during the second quarter of 2020.


(dollars in thousands)	As Recorded by Fidelity		Initial Fair Value Adjustments			Subsequent Adjustments			As Recorded by Ameris
Assets
Cash and due from banks	$	26,264	$	—		$	(2,417)	(o)	$	23,847
Federal funds sold and interest-bearing deposits in banks	217,936		—			—			217,936

Investment securities	299,341		(1,444)		(a)	—			297,897
Other investments	7,449		—			—			7,449
Loans held for sale	328,657		(1,290)		(b)	250		(p)	327,617
Loans	3,587,412		(79,002)		(c)	3,852		(q)	3,512,262
Less allowance for loan losses	(31,245)		31,245		(d)	—			—
Loans, net	3,556,167		(47,757)			3,852			3,512,262
Other real estate owned	7,605		(427)		(e)	—			7,178
Premises and equipment	93,662		11,407		(f)	(3,820)		(r)	101,249
Other intangible assets, net	10,670		39,940		(g)	—			50,610
Cash value of bank owned life insurance	72,328		—			—			72,328
Deferred income taxes, net	104		(104)		(h)	—			—
Other assets	157,863		998		(i)	(17,138)		(s)	141,723
Total assets	$	4,778,046	$	1,323		$	(19,273)		$	4,760,096
Liabilities
Deposits:
Noninterest-bearing	$	1,301,829	$	—		$	(2,114)	(t)	$	1,299,715
Interest-bearing	2,740,552		942		(j)	—			2,741,494
Total deposits	4,042,381		942			(2,114)			4,041,209
Securities sold under agreements to repurchase	22,345		—			—			22,345
Other borrowings	149,367		2,265		(k)	(300)		(u)	151,332
Subordinated deferrable interest debentures	46,393		(9,675)		(l)	—			36,718
Deferred tax liability, net	12,222		(11,401)		(m)	497		(v)	1,318
Other liabilities	65,027		538		(n)	(839)		(w)	64,726
Total liabilities	4,337,735		(17,331)			(2,756)			4,317,648
Net identifiable assets acquired over (under) liabilities assumed	440,311		18,654			(16,517)			442,448
Goodwill	—		410,348			16,517			426,865
Net assets acquired over liabilities assumed	$	440,311	$	429,002		$	—		$	869,313
Consideration:
Ameris Bancorp common shares issued	22,181,522
Price per share of the Company's common stock	$	39.19
Company common stock issued	$	869,294
Cash exchanged for shares	$	19
Fair value of total consideration transferred	$	869,313

____________________________________________________________

Explanation of fair value adjustments

(a)Adjustment reflects the fair value adjustments of the portfolio of investment securities as of the acquisition date.

(b)Adjustment reflects the fair value adjustments based on the Company's evaluation of the acquired loans held for sale.

(c)Adjustment reflects the fair value adjustments based on the Company's evaluation of the acquired loan portfolio, net of the reversal of Fidelity's unamortized accounting adjustments from Fidelity's prior acquisitions, loan premiums, loan discounts, deferred loan origination costs and deferred loan origination fees.

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(d)Adjustment reflects the elimination of Fidelity's allowance for loan losses.

(e)Adjustment reflects the fair value adjustment based on the Company's evaluation of the acquired OREO portfolio.

(f)Adjustment reflects the fair value adjustments based on the Company's evaluation of the acquired premises and equipment.

(g)Adjustment reflects the recording of core deposit intangible on the acquired core deposit accounts, net of reversal of Fidelity's remaining intangible assets from its past acquisitions.

(h)Adjustment reflects the reclassification of Fidelity's deferred tax asset against the deferred tax liability.

(i)Adjustment reflects the fair value adjustment to other assets.

(j)Adjustment reflects the fair value adjustments based on the Company's evaluation of the acquired deposits.

(k)Adjustment reflects the fair value adjustment to the other borrowings at the acquisition date, net of reversal of Fidelity's unamortized deferred issuance costs.

(l)Adjustment reflects the fair value adjustment to the subordinated deferrable interest debentures at the acquisition date.

(m)Adjustment reflects the deferred taxes on the differences in the carrying values of acquired assets and assumed liabilities for financial reporting purposes and their basis for federal income tax purposes and reclassification of Fidelity's deferred tax asset against the deferred tax liability.

(n)Adjustment reflects the fair value adjustments based on the Company's evaluation of the acquired other liabilities.

(o)Subsequent to acquisition, cash and due from banks were adjusted for Fidelity reconciling items.

(p)Adjustment reflects additional recording of fair value adjustments to loans held for sale.

(q)Adjustment reflects additional recording of fair value adjustments of the acquired loan portfolio.

(r)Adjustment reflects additional recording of fair value adjustments to premises and equipment.

(s)Adjustment reflects additional recording of fair value adjustments to other assets and includes a reclassification of deferred income taxes to current income taxes.

(t)Subsequent to acquisition, noninterest-bearing deposits were adjusted for Fidelity reconciling items.

(u)Adjustment reflects additional recording of fair value adjustments to other borrowings.

(v)Adjustment reflects additional recording of deferred taxes on the differences in the carrying values of acquired assets and assumed liabilities for financial reporting purposes and their basis for federal income tax purposes and includes a reclassification of deferred income taxes to current income taxes.

(w)Adjustment reflects additional recording of fair value adjustments to other liabilities.

Goodwill of $426.9 million, which is the excess of the purchase price over the fair value of net assets acquired, was recorded in the Fidelity acquisition and is the result of expected operational synergies and other factors. This goodwill is not expected to be deductible for tax purposes.

In the acquisition, the Company purchased $3.51 billion of loans at fair value, net of $75.2 million, or 2.09%, estimated discount to the acquired carrying value. Of the total loans acquired, management identified $121.3 million that were considered to be credit impaired and are accounted for under ASC Topic 310-30. The table below summarizes the total contractually required principal and interest cash payments, management’s estimate of expected total cash payments and fair value of the loans as of the acquisition date for purchased credit impaired loans. Contractually required principal and interest payments have been adjusted for estimated prepayments.


(dollars in thousands)
Contractually required principal and interest	$	191,534
Non-accretable difference	(23,058)
Cash flows expected to be collected	168,476
Accretable yield	(47,173)
Total purchased credit-impaired loans acquired	$	121,303

The following table presents the acquired loan data for the Fidelity acquisition.


(dollars in thousands)	Fair Value of Acquired Loans at Acquisition Date		Gross Contractual Amounts Receivable at Acquisition Date		Estimate at Acquisition Date of Contractual Cash Flows Not Expected to be Collected
Acquired receivables subject to ASC 310-30	$	121,303	$	191,534	$	23,058
Acquired receivables not subject to ASC 310-30	$	3,390,959	$	4,217,890	$	33,076

F-27

Hamilton State Bancshares, Inc.

On June 29, 2018, the Company completed its acquisition of Hamilton State Bancshares, Inc. ("Hamilton"), a bank holding company headquartered in Hoschton, Georgia. Upon consummation of the acquisition, Hamilton was merged with and into the Company, with Ameris as the surviving entity in the merger, and Hamilton's wholly owned banking subsidiary, Hamilton State Bank, was merged with and into the Bank, with the Bank surviving. The acquisition expanded the Company's existing market presence, as Hamilton State Bank had a total of 28 full-service branches located in Atlanta, Georgia and the surrounding area, as well as in Gainesville, Georgia. Under the terms of the merger agreement, Hamilton's shareholders received 0.16 shares of Ameris common stock and $0.93 in cash for each share of Hamilton voting common stock or nonvoting common stock they previously held. As a result, the Company issued 6,548,385 common shares at a fair value of $349.4 million and paid $47.8 million in cash to Hamilton's shareholders as merger consideration.

The following table presents the assets acquired and liabilities of Hamilton assumed as of June 29, 2018 and their fair value estimates. The fair value estimates were subject to refinement for up to one year after the closing date of the acquisition for new information obtained about facts and circumstances that existed at the acquisition date. The Company finalized its fair value adjustments during the second quarter of 2019.

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(dollars in thousands)	As Recorded by Hamilton		Initial Fair Value Adjustments			Subsequent Adjustments			As Recorded by Ameris
Assets
Cash and due from banks	$	14,405	$	—		$	(478)	(j)	$	13,927
Federal funds sold and interest-bearing deposits in banks	102,156		—			—			102,156
Time deposits in other banks	11,558		—			—			11,558
Investment securities	288,206		(2,376)		(a)	—			285,830
Other investments	2,094		—			—			2,094
Loans	1,314,264		(15,528)		(b)	(5,550)		(k)	1,293,186
Less allowance for loan losses	(11,183)		11,183		(c)	—			—
Loans, net	1,303,081		(4,345)			(5,550)			1,293,186
Other real estate owned	847		—			—			847
Premises and equipment	27,483		—			1,488		(l)	28,971
Other intangible assets, net	18,755		(2,755)		(d)	7,610		(m)	23,610
Cash value of bank owned life insurance	4,454		—			—			4,454
Deferred income taxes, net	12,445		(6,308)		(e)	3,942		(n)	10,079
Other assets	13,053		—			(2,098)		(o)	10,955
Total assets	$	1,798,537	$	(15,784)		$	4,914		$	1,787,667
Liabilities
Deposits:
Noninterest-bearing	$	381,039	$	—		—			$	381,039
Interest-bearing	1,201,324		(1,896)		(f)	4,783		(p)	1,204,211
Total deposits	1,582,363		(1,896)			4,783			1,585,250
Other borrowings	10,687		(66)		(g)	286		(q)	10,907
Subordinated deferrable interest debenture	3,093		(658)		(h)	(143)		(r)	2,292
Other liabilities	10,460		2,391		(i)	—			12,851
Total liabilities	1,606,603		(229)			4,926			1,611,300
Net identifiable assets acquired over (under) liabilities assumed	191,934		(15,555)			(12)			176,367
Goodwill	—		220,713			55			220,768
Net assets acquired over liabilities assumed	$	191,934	$	205,158		$	43		$	397,135
Consideration:
Ameris Bancorp common shares issued	6,548,385
Price per share of the Company's common stock	$	53.35
Company common stock issued	$	349,356
Cash exchanged for shares	$	47,779
Fair value of total consideration transferred	$	397,135

____________________________________________________________

Explanation of fair value adjustments

(a)Adjustment reflects the fair value adjustments of the portfolio of investment securities as of the acquisition date.

(b)Adjustment reflects the fair value adjustments based on the Company's evaluation of the acquired loan portfolio, net of the reversal of Hamilton's unamortized accounting adjustments from their prior acquisitions, loan premiums, loan discounts, deferred loan origination costs and deferred loan origination fees.

(c)Adjustment reflects the elimination of Hamilton's allowance for loan losses.

(d)Adjustment reflects the recording of core deposit intangible on the acquired core deposit accounts, net of reversal of Hamilton's remaining intangible assets from its past acquisitions.

(e)Adjustment reflects the deferred taxes on the differences in the carrying values of acquired assets and assumed liabilities for financial reporting purposes and their basis for federal income tax purposes.

(f)Adjustment reflects the fair value adjustments based on the Company's evaluation of the acquired deposits.

(g)Adjustment reflects the reversal of Hamilton's unamortized accounting adjustments for other borrowings from its past acquisitions.

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(h)Adjustment reflects the fair value adjustment to the subordinated deferrable interest debenture at the acquisition date.

(i)Adjustment reflects the fair value adjustment to the FDIC loss-share clawback liability included in other liabilities.

(j)Subsequent to acquisition, cash and due from banks were adjusted for Hamilton reconciling items.

(k)Adjustment reflects additional recording of fair value adjustments to the acquired loan portfolio.

(l)Adjustment reflects the recording of fair value adjustment to premises and equipment.

(m)Adjustment reflects additional recording of fair value adjustments to the core deposit intangible on the acquired core deposit accounts.

(n)Adjustment reflects additional recording of deferred taxes on the differences in the carrying values of acquired assets and assumed liabilities for financial reporting purposes and their basis for federal income tax purposes.

(o)Adjustment reflects the fair value adjustment to other assets.

(p)Adjustment reflects additional recording of fair value adjustments on the acquired deposits.

(q)Adjustment reflects the fair value adjustment to other borrowings.

(r)Adjustment reflects additional recording of fair value adjustments to the subordinated deferrable interest debenture.

Goodwill of $220.8 million, which is the excess of the purchase price over the fair value of net assets acquired, was recorded in the Hamilton acquisition and is the result of expected operational synergies and other factors. This goodwill is not expected to be deductible for tax purposes.

In the acquisition, the Company purchased $1.29 billion of loans at fair value, net of $21.1 million, or 1.60%, estimated discount to the acquired carrying value. Of the total loans acquired, management identified $18.6 million that were considered to be credit impaired and are accounted for under ASC Topic 310-30. The table below summarizes the total contractually required principal and interest cash payments, management’s estimate of expected total cash payments and fair value of the loans as of the acquisition date for purchased credit impaired loans. Contractually required principal and interest payments have been adjusted for estimated prepayments.


(dollars in thousands)
Contractually required principal and interest	$	21,223
Non-accretable difference	(1,840)
Cash flows expected to be collected	19,383
Accretable yield	(794)
Total purchased credit-impaired loans acquired	$	18,589

The following table presents the acquired loan data for the Hamilton acquisition.


(dollars in thousands)	Fair Value of Acquired Loans at Acquisition Date		Gross Contractual Amounts Receivable at Acquisition Date		Estimate at Acquisition Date of Contractual Cash Flows Not Expected to be Collected
Acquired receivables subject to ASC 310-30	$	18,589	$	21,223	$	1,840
Acquired receivables not subject to ASC 310-30	$	1,274,597	$	1,441,534	$	5,104

F-30

Atlantic Coast Financial Corporation

On May 25, 2018, the Company completed its acquisition of Atlantic Coast Financial Corporation ("Atlantic"), a bank holding company headquartered in Jacksonville, Florida. Upon consummation of the acquisition, Atlantic was merged with and into the Company, with Ameris as the surviving entity in the merger, and Atlantic's wholly owned banking subsidiary, Atlantic Coast Bank, was merged with and into the Bank, with the Bank surviving. The acquisition expanded the Company's existing market presence, as Atlantic Coast Bank had a total of 12 full-service branches located in Jacksonville and Jacksonville Beach, Duval County, Florida, Waycross, Georgia and Douglas, Georgia. Under the terms of the merger agreement, Atlantic's shareholders received 0.17 shares of Ameris common stock and $1.39 in cash for each share of Atlantic common stock they previously held. As a result, the Company issued 2,631,520 common shares at a fair value of $147.8 million and paid $21.5 million in cash to Atlantic's shareholders as merger consideration.

The following table presents the assets acquired and liabilities of Atlantic assumed as of May 25, 2018 and their fair value estimates. The fair value estimates were subject to refinement for up to one year after the closing date of the acquisition for new information obtained about facts and circumstances that existed at the acquisition date. The Company finalized its fair value adjustments during the second quarter of 2019.


(dollars in thousands)	As Recorded by Atlantic		Initial Fair Value Adjustments			Subsequent Adjustments			As Recorded by Ameris
Assets
Cash and due from banks	$	3,990	$	—		$	—		$	3,990
Federal funds sold and interest-bearing deposits in banks	22,149		—			—			22,149
Investment securities	35,186		(60)		(a)	—			35,126
Other investments	9,576		—			—			9,576
Loans held for sale	358		—			—			358
Loans	777,605		(19,423)		(b)	(2,478)		(k)	755,704
Less allowance for loan losses	(8,573)		8,573		(c)	—			—
Loans, net	769,032		(10,850)			(2,478)			755,704
Other real estate owned	1,837		(796)		(d)	—			1,041
Premises and equipment	12,591		(1,695)		(e)	(161)		(l)	10,735
Other intangible assets, net	—		5,937		(f)	1,551		(m)	7,488
Cash value of bank owned life insurance	18,182		—			—			18,182
Deferred income taxes, net	5,782		709		(g)	1,220		(n)	7,711
Other assets	3,604		(634)		(h)	(11)		(o)	2,959
Total assets	$	882,287	$	(7,389)		$	121		$	875,019
Liabilities
Deposits:
Noninterest-bearing	$	69,761	$	—		—			$	69,761
Interest-bearing	514,935		(554)		(i)	1,025		(p)	515,406
Total deposits	584,696		(554)			1,025			585,167
Other borrowings	204,475		—			—			204,475
Other liabilities	8,367		(13)		(j)	(1,922)		(q)	6,432
Total liabilities	797,538		(567)			(897)			796,074
Net identifiable assets acquired over (under) liabilities assumed	84,749		(6,822)			1,018			78,945
Goodwill	—		91,360			(1,018)			90,342
Net assets acquired over liabilities assumed	$	84,749	$	84,538		$	—		$	169,287
Consideration:
Ameris Bancorp common shares issued	2,631,520
Price per share of the Company's common stock	$	56.15
Company common stock issued	$	147,760
Cash exchanged for shares	$	21,527
Fair value of total consideration transferred	$	169,287

F-31

____________________________________________________________

Explanation of fair value adjustments

(a.)Adjustment reflects the fair value adjustments of the portfolio of investment securities as of the acquisition date.

(b.)Adjustment reflects the fair value adjustments based on the Company's evaluation of the acquired loan portfolio, net of the reversal of Atlantic's unamortized accounting adjustments from loan premiums, loan discounts, deferred loan origination costs and deferred loan origination fees.

(c.)Adjustment reflects the elimination of Atlantic's allowance for loan losses.

(d.)Adjustment reflects the fair value adjustment based on the Company's evaluation of the acquired OREO portfolio.

(e.)Adjustment reflects the fair value adjustments based on the Company's evaluation of the acquired premises and equipment.

(f.)Adjustment reflects the recording of core deposit intangible on the acquired core deposit accounts.

(g.)Adjustment reflects the deferred taxes on the differences in the carrying values of acquired assets and assumed liabilities for financial reporting purposes and their basis for federal income tax purposes.

(h.)Adjustment reflects the fair value adjustments based on the Company's evaluation of the acquired other assets.

(i.)Adjustment reflects the fair value adjustments based on the Company's evaluation of the acquired deposits.

(j.)Adjustment reflects the fair value adjustments based on the Company's evaluation of the acquired other liabilities.

(k.)Adjustment reflects additional recording of fair value adjustments of the acquired loan portfolio.

(l.)Adjustment reflects additional recording of fair value adjustment to premises and equipment.

(m.)Adjustment reflects additional recording of fair value adjustments to the core deposit intangible on the acquired core deposit accounts.

(n.)Adjustment reflects additional recording of deferred taxes on the differences in the carrying values of acquired assets and assumed liabilities for financial reporting purposes and their basis for federal income tax purposes.

(o.)Adjustment reflects additional fair value adjustments on acquired other assets.

(p.)Adjustment reflects additional fair value adjustments on the acquired deposits.

(q.)Adjustment reflects additional fair value adjustments on acquired other liabilities.

Goodwill of $90.3 million, which is the excess of the purchase price over the fair value of net assets acquired, was recorded in the Atlantic acquisition and is the result of expected operational synergies and other factors. This goodwill is not expected to be deductible for tax purposes.

In the acquisition, the Company purchased $755.7 million of loans at fair value, net of $21.9 million, or 2.82%, estimated discount to the acquired carrying value. Of the total loans acquired, management identified $10.8 million that were considered to be credit impaired and are accounted for under ASC Topic 310-30. The table below summarizes the total contractually required principal and interest cash payments, management’s estimate of expected total cash payments and fair value of the loans as of the acquisition date for purchased credit impaired loans. Contractually required principal and interest payments have been adjusted for estimated prepayments.


(dollars in thousands)
Contractually required principal and interest	$	16,077
Non-accretable difference	(4,115)
Cash flows expected to be collected	11,962
Accretable yield	(1,199)
Total purchased credit-impaired loans acquired	$	10,763

The following table presents the acquired loan data for the Atlantic acquisition.


(dollars in thousands)	Fair Value of Acquired Loans at Acquisition Date		Gross Contractual Amounts Receivable at Acquisition Date		Estimate at Acquisition Date of Contractual Cash Flows Not Expected to be Collected
Acquired receivables subject to ASC 310-30	$	10,763	$	16,077	$	4,115
Acquired receivables not subject to ASC 310-30	$	744,941	$	1,041,768	$	—

F-32

US Premium Finance Holding Company

On January 31, 2018, the Company closed on the purchase of the final 70% of the outstanding shares of common stock of USPF, completing its acquisition of USPF and making USPF a wholly owned subsidiary of the Company. Through a series of three acquisition transactions that closed on January 18, 2017, January 3, 2018 and January 31, 2018, the Company issued a total of 1,073,158 shares of its common stock at a fair value of $55.9 million and paid $21.4 million in cash to the former shareholders of USPF. Pursuant to the terms of the Stock Purchase Agreement dated January 25, 2018 under which Company purchased the final 70% of the outstanding shares of common stock of USPF, the selling shareholders of USPF could receive additional cash payments aggregating up to $5.8 million based on the achievement by the Company's premium finance division of certain income targets, between January 1, 2018 and June 30, 2019. The total contingent consideration paid was $1.2 million based on results achieved through the applicable measurement dates. As of the January 31, 2018 acquisition date, the present value of the contingent earn-out consideration expected to be paid was $5.7 million. Including the fair value of the Company's common stock issued, cash paid and the present value of the contingent earn-out consideration expected to be paid, the aggregate purchase price of USPF amounted to $83.0 million.

Prior to the January 31, 2018 completion of the acquisition, the Company's 30% investment in USPF was carried at its $23.9 million original cost basis. Once the acquisition was completed, the $83.0 million aggregate purchase price equaled the fair value of USPF which was determined utilizing the incremental projected earnings. Accordingly, no gain or loss was recorded by the Company in the consolidated statement of income and comprehensive income as a result of remeasuring to fair value the prior minority equity investment in USPF held by the Company immediately before the business combination was completed.

During the first quarter of 2019, the Company finalized its allocation of the purchase price to USPF's assets acquired and liabilities assumed based on estimated fair values as of January 31, 2018. The assets acquired include only identifiable intangible assets related to insurance agent relationships that lead to referral of insurance premium finance loans to USPF, the "US Premium Finance" trade name and a non-compete agreement with a former USPF shareholder.

The following table presents the assets acquired and liabilities assumed of USPF as of January 31, 2018, and their fair value estimates.


(dollars in thousands)	As Recorded by USPF		Initial Fair Value Adjustments			Subsequent Adjustments			As Recorded by Ameris
Assets
Intangible asset - insurance agent relationships	$	—	$	20,000	(a)	$	2,351	(e)	$	22,351
Intangible asset - US Premium Finance trade name	—		1,136		(b)	(42)		(f)	1,094
Intangible asset - non-compete agreement	—		178		(c)	(16)		(g)	162
Total assets	$	—	$	21,314		$	2,293		$	23,607
Liabilities
Deferred tax liability	$	—	$	5,492	(d)	(368)		(h)	$	5,124
Total liabilities	—		5,492			(368)			5,124
Net identifiable assets acquired over liabilities assumed	—		15,822			2,661			18,483
Goodwill	—		67,159			(2,661)			64,498
Net assets acquired over liabilities assumed	$	—	$	82,981		$	—		$	82,981
Consideration:
Ameris Bancorp common shares issued	1,073,158
Price per share of the Company's common stock (weighted average)	$	52.047
Company common stock issued	$	55,855
Cash exchanged for shares	$	21,421
Present value of contingent earn-out consideration expected to be paid	$	5,705
Fair value of total consideration transferred	$	82,981

____________________________________________________________

Explanation of fair value adjustments

(a)Adjustment reflects the recording of the fair value of the insurance agent relationships intangible.

(b)Adjustment reflect the recording of the fair value of the trade name intangible.

(c)Adjustment reflects the recording of the fair value of the non-compete agreement intangible.

F-33

(d)Adjustment reflects the deferred taxes on the differences in the carrying values of acquired intangible assets for financial reporting purposes and their basis for federal income tax purposes.

(e)Adjustment reflects additional fair value adjustment for the insurance agent relationships intangible.

(f)Adjustment reflects additional fair value adjustment for the trade name intangible.

(g)Adjustment reflects additional fair value adjustment for the non-compete agreement intangible.

(h)Adjustment reflects additional recording of deferred taxes on the differences in the carrying values of acquired intangible assets for financial reporting purposes and their basis for federal income tax purposes.

Goodwill of $64.5 million, which is the excess of the purchase price over the fair value of net assets acquired, was recorded in the USPF acquisition and is the result of expected operational synergies and other factors. This goodwill is not expected to be deductible for tax purposes.

During the second quarter of 2018, the Company recorded $2.0 million in other noninterest income in the consolidated statements of income to reflect a decrease in the estimated contingent consideration liability. During the fourth quarter of 2018, the Company recorded $2.5 million in other noninterest income in the consolidated statements of income to reflect a further decrease in the estimated contingent consideration liability. These decreases in the estimated contingent consideration liability were based on projected results of the premium finance division for the entire measurement period from January 1, 2018 through June 30, 2019.

Pro Forma Financial Information

The results of operations of Fidelity, Hamilton, Atlantic and USPF subsequent to the respective acquisition dates are included in the Company’s consolidated statements of income.

The following unaudited pro forma information reflects the Company’s estimated consolidated results of operations as if the Fidelity, Hamilton, Atlantic and USPF acquisitions had occurred on January 1, 2018, unadjusted for potential cost savings. Merger and conversion charges are not included in the pro forma information below.


	Year Ended December 31,
(dollars in thousands, except per share data)	2020		2019		2018
Net interest income and noninterest income	$	1,084,253	$	828,612	$	803,281
Net income	$	263,089	$	228,798	$	196,352
Net income available to common shareholders	$	263,089	$	228,798	$	196,352
Income per common share available to common shareholders – basic	$	3.80	$	3.29	$	2.82
Income per common share available to common shareholders – diluted	$	3.79	$	3.29	$	2.82
Average number of shares outstanding, basic	69,256		69,462		69,642
Average number of shares outstanding, diluted	69,426		69,614		69,748

F-34

NOTE 3. INVESTMENT SECURITIES

The amortized cost and estimated fair value of securities available for sale along with allowance for credit losses, gross unrealized gains and losses are summarized as follows:


(dollars in thousands)	Amortized Cost		Allowance for Credit Losses		Gross Unrealized Gains		Gross Unrealized Losses		Estimated Fair Value
December 31, 2020
U.S. government sponsored agencies	$	17,161	$	—	$	343	$	—	$	17,504
State, county and municipal securities	63,286		—		3,492		—		66,778
Corporate debt securities	51,639		(112)		602		(233)		51,896
SBA pool securities	59,973		—		2,620		(96)		62,497
Mortgage-backed securities	748,521		—		35,797		(114)		784,204
Total debt securities	$	940,580	$	(112)	$	42,854	$	(443)	$	982,879

December 31, 2019
U.S. government sponsored agencies	$	22,246	$	—	$	116	$	—	$	22,362
State, county and municipal securities	102,952		—		2,310		(2)		105,260
Corporate debt securities	51,720		—		1,281		(2)		52,999
SBA pool securities	73,704		—		617		(409)		73,912
Mortgage-backed securities	1,129,816		—		19,937		(883)		1,148,870
Total debt securities	$	1,380,438	$	—	$	24,261	$	(1,296)	$	1,403,403

The amortized cost and estimated fair value of debt securities available for sale as of December 31, 2020, by contractual maturity are shown below. Maturities may differ from contractual maturities in mortgage-backed securities because the mortgages underlying the securities may be called or repaid without penalty. Therefore, these securities are not included in the maturity categories in the following maturity summary.


(dollars in thousands)	Amortized Cost		Estimated Fair Value
Due in one year or less	$	29,918	$	30,228
Due from one year to five years	49,109		51,276
Due from five to ten years	66,769		68,972
Due after ten years	46,263		48,199
Mortgage-backed securities	748,521		784,204
	$	940,580	$	982,879

Securities with a carrying value of approximately $438.7 million and $679.6 million at December 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively, serve as collateral to secure public deposits, securities sold under agreements to repurchase and for other purposes required or permitted by law.

The following table shows the gross unrealized losses and estimated fair value of securities aggregated by category and length of time that securities have been in a continuous unrealized loss position at December 31, 2020 and 2019.


	Less Than 12 Months				12 Months or More				Total
(dollars in thousands)	Estimated Fair Value		Unrealized Losses		Estimated Fair Value		Unrealized Losses		Estimated Fair Value		Unrealized Losses
December 31, 2020


Corporate debt securities	$	10,159	$	(233)	$	—	$	—	$	10,159	$	(233)
SBA pool securities	—		—		3,948		(96)		3,948		(96)
Mortgage-backed securities	24,120		(114)		2		—		24,122		(114)
Total debt securities	$	34,279	$	(347)	$	3,950	$	(96)	$	38,229	$	(443)

F-35


	Less Than 12 Months				12 Months or More				Total
(dollars in thousands)	Estimated Fair Value		Unrealized Losses		Estimated Fair Value		Unrealized Losses		Estimated Fair Value		Unrealized Losses
December 31, 2019

State, county and municipal securities	$	803	$	(2)	$	—	$	—	$	803	$	(2)
Corporate debt securities	2,573		(2)		—		—		2,573		(2)
SBA pool securities	28,521		(285)		4,825		(124)		33,346		(409)
Mortgage-backed securities	99,279		(416)		52,326		(467)		151,605		(883)
Total debt securities	$	131,176	$	(705)	$	57,151	$	(591)	$	188,327	$	(1,296)

As of December 31, 2020, the Company’s security portfolio consisted of 510 securities, 40 of which were in an unrealized loss position. At December 31, 2020, the Company held 27 mortgage-backed securities that were in an unrealized loss position, all of which were issued by U.S. government-sponsored entities and agencies. At December 31, 2020, the Company held seven SBA pool securities and six corporate securities that were in an unrealized loss position.

During 2020 and 2019, the Company received timely and current interest and principal payments on all of the securities classified as corporate debt securities. The Company’s investments in subordinated debt include investments in regional and super-regional banks on which the Company prepares regular analysis through review of financial information and credit ratings. Investments in preferred securities are also concentrated in the preferred obligations of regional and super-regional banks through non-pooled investment structures. The Company did not have investments in “pooled” trust preferred securities at December 31, 2020 or 2019.

Management and the Company’s Asset and Liability Committee (the “ALCO Committee”) evaluate securities in an unrealized loss position on at least a quarterly basis, and more frequently when economic or market concerns warrant such evaluation, to determine if credit-related impairment exists. Management first evaluates whether they intend to sell or more likely than not will be required to sell an impaired security before recovering its amortized cost basis. If either criteria is met, the entire amount of unrealized loss is recognized in earnings with a corresponding adjustment to the security's amortized cost basis. If either of the above criteria is not met, management evaluates whether the decline in fair value is attributable to credit or resulted from other factors. The Company does not intend to sell these investment securities at an unrealized loss position at December 31, 2020, and it is more likely than not that the Company will not be required to sell these securities prior to recovery or maturity. Based on the results of management's review, at December 31, 2020, management determined $112,000 was attributable to credit impairment and increased the allowance for credit losses accordingly. The remaining $443,000 in unrealized loss was determined to be from factors other than credit.


(dollars in thousands)	Year Ended December 31, 2020
Allowance for credit losses
Beginning balance	$	—
Current-period provision for expected credit losses	112



Ending balance	$	112

At December 31, 2020 and 2019, all of the Company's mortgage-backed securities were obligations of government-sponsored agencies.

The following table is a summary of sales activities in the Company's investment securities available for sale:


	For the Years Ended December 31,
(dollars in thousands)	2020		2019		2018
Gross gains on sales of securities	$	—	$	522	$	390
Gross losses on sales of securities	—		(464)		(301)
Net realized gains on sales of securities available for sale	$	—	$	58	$	89

Sales proceeds	$	—	$	64,995	$	68,727

F-36

Total gain (loss) on securities reported on the consolidated statements of income is comprised of the following:


	For the Years Ended December 31,
(dollars in thousands)	2020		2019		2018
Net realized gains on sales of securities available for sale	$	—	$	58	$	89
Unrealized holding gains (losses) on equity securities	5		19		(126)
Net realized gains on sales of other investments	—		61		—
Total gain (loss) on securities	$	5	$	138	$	(37)

NOTE 4. LOANS AND ALLOWANCE FOR CREDIT LOSSES

Loans

Loans are stated at amortized cost. Balances within the major loans receivable categories are presented in the following table.


	December 31,
(dollars in thousands)	2020		2019
Commercial, financial and agricultural	$	1,627,477	$	802,171
Consumer installment	306,995		498,577
Indirect automobile	580,083		1,061,824
Mortgage warehouse	916,353		526,369
Municipal	659,403		564,304
Premium finance	687,841		654,669
Real estate – construction and development	1,606,710		1,549,062
Real estate – commercial and farmland	5,300,006		4,353,039
Real estate – residential	2,796,057		2,808,461
	$	14,480,925	$	12,818,476

Included in commercial, financial and agricultural loans at December 31, 2020 above is $827.4 million related to PPP loans.

Nonaccrual and Past Due Loans

A loan is placed on nonaccrual status when, in management’s judgment, the collection of the interest income appears doubtful. Interest receivable that has been accrued and is subsequently determined to have doubtful collectability is charged to interest income. Interest on loans that are classified as nonaccrual is subsequently applied to principal until the loans are returned to accrual status. The Company’s loan policy states that a nonaccrual loan may be returned to accrual status when (i) none of its principal and interest is due and unpaid, and the Company expects repayment of the remaining contractual principal and interest, or (ii) it otherwise becomes well secured and in the process of collection. Restoration to accrual status on any given loan must be supported by a well-documented credit evaluation of the borrower’s financial condition and the prospects for full repayment, approved by the Company’s Chief Credit Officer. Past due loans are loans whose principal or interest is past due 30 days or more. In some cases, where borrowers are experiencing financial difficulties, loans may be restructured to provide terms significantly different from the original contractual terms.

F-37

The following table presents an analysis of loans accounted for on a nonaccrual basis:


	December 31,
(dollars in thousands)	2020		2019
Commercial, financial and agricultural	$	9,836	$	9,236
Consumer installment	709		831
Indirect automobile	2,831		1,746


Premium finance	—		600
Real estate – construction and development	5,407		1,988
Real estate – commercial and farmland	18,517		23,797
Real estate – residential	39,157		36,926
	$	76,457	$	75,124

There was no interest income recognized on nonaccrual loans during the year ended December 31, 2020.

The following table presents an analysis of nonaccrual loans with no related allowance for credit losses:


(dollars in thousands)	December 31, 2020
Commercial, financial and agricultural	$	764





Real estate – construction and development	416
Real estate – commercial and farmland	7,015
Real estate – residential	5,299
	$	13,494

The following tables present an analysis of past-due loans as of December 31, 2020 and 2019:


(dollars in thousands)	Loans 30-59 Days Past Due		Loans 60-89 Days Past Due		Loans 90 or More Days Past Due		Total Loans Past Due		Current Loans		Total Loans		Loans 90 Days or More Past Due and Still Accruing
December 31, 2020
Commercial, financial and agricultural	$	4,576	$	2,018	$	5,652	$	12,246	$	1,615,231	$	1,627,477	$	—
Consumer installment	2,189		1,114		2,318		5,621		301,374		306,995		1,755
Indirect automobile	3,293		1,006		2,171		6,470		573,613		580,083		—
Mortgage warehouse	—		—		—		—		916,353		916,353		—
Municipal	—		—		—		—		659,403		659,403		—
Premium finance	7,188		3,895		6,571		17,654		670,187		687,841		6,571
Real estate – construction and development	13,348		723		5,150		19,221		1,587,489		1,606,710		—
Real estate – commercial and farmland	5,370		1,701		8,651		15,722		5,284,284		5,300,006		—
Real estate – residential	20,519		3,125		34,081		57,725		2,738,332		2,796,057		—
Total	$	56,483	$	13,582	$	64,594	$	134,659	$	14,346,266	$	14,480,925	$	8,326

F-38


(dollars in thousands)	Loans 30-59 Days Past Due		Loans 60-89 Days Past Due		Loans 90 or More Days Past Due		Total Loans Past Due		Current Loans		Total Loans		Loans 90 Days or More Past Due and Still Accruing
December 31, 2019
Commercial, financial and agricultural	$	3,609	$	2,251	$	6,484	$	12,344	$	789,827	$	802,171	$	—
Consumer installment	3,488		1,336		1,452		6,276		492,301		498,577		922
Indirect automobile	5,978		1,067		1,522		8,567		1,053,257		1,061,824		21
Mortgage warehouse	—		—		—		—		526,369		526,369		—
Municipal	—		—		—		—		564,304		564,304		—
Premium finance	13,801		8,022		5,411		27,234		627,435		654,669		4,811
Real estate – construction and development	7,785		1,224		1,583		10,592		1,538,470		1,549,062		—
Real estate – commercial and farmland	7,404		3,405		15,598		26,407		4,326,632		4,353,039		—
Real estate – residential	46,226		15,277		31,083		92,586		2,715,875		2,808,461		—
Total	$	88,291	$	32,582	$	63,133	$	184,006	$	12,634,470	$	12,818,476	$	5,754

Collateral-Dependent Loans

Collateral-dependent loans are loans where repayment is expected to be provided substantially through the operation or sale of the collateral when the borrower is experiencing financial difficulty. If the Company determines that foreclosure is probable, these loans are written down to the lower of cost or collateral value less estimated costs to sell. When repayment is expected to be from the operation of the collateral, the allowance for credit losses is calculated as the amount by which the amortized cost basis of the financial asset exceeds the present value of expected cash flows from the operation of the collateral. The Company may, in the alternative, measure the allowance for credit loss as the amount by which the amortized cost basis of the financial asset exceeded the estimated fair value of the collateral. As of December 31, 2020, there were $123.1 million of collateral-dependent loans which are primarily secured by real estate, equipment and receivables.

The following table presents an analysis of collateral-dependent financial assets and related allowance for credit losses:


(dollars in thousands)	December 31, 2020
	Balance		Allowance for Credit Losses
Commercial, financial and agricultural	$	5,490	$	2,252




Premium finance	3,523		—
Real estate – construction and development	4,173		512
Real estate – commercial and farmland	100,180		21,001
Real estate – residential	9,716		891
	$	123,082	$	24,656

Impaired Loans

Prior to the adoption of ASU 2016-13, loans were considered impaired when, based on current information and events, it was probable the Company would be unable to collect all amounts due in accordance with the original contractual terms of the loan agreements. Impaired loans include loans on nonaccrual status and accruing troubled debt restructurings. When determining if the Company would be unable to collect all principal and interest payments due in accordance with the contractual terms of the loan agreement, the Company considered the borrower’s capacity to pay, which included such factors as the borrower’s current financial statements, an analysis of global cash flow sufficient to pay all debt obligations and an evaluation of secondary sources of repayment, such as guarantor support and collateral value. The Company individually assessed for impairment all nonaccrual loans greater than $100,000 and all troubled debt restructurings greater than $100,000 (including all troubled debt

F-39

restructurings, whether or not currently classified as such). The tables below include all loans deemed impaired, whether or not individually assessed for impairment. If a loan was deemed impaired, a specific valuation allowance was allocated, if necessary, so that the loan was reported net, at the present value of estimated future cash flows using the loan’s existing rate or at the fair value of collateral if repayment was expected solely from the collateral. Interest payments on impaired loans were typically applied to principal unless collectability of the principal amount was reasonably assured, in which case interest was recognized on a cash basis.

The following is a summary of information pertaining to impaired loans:


	As of and for the Years Ended December 31,
(dollars in thousands)	2019		2018
Nonaccrual loans	$	75,124	$	42,058
Troubled debt restructurings not included above	29,609		28,063
Total impaired loans	$	104,733	$	70,121

Interest income recognized on impaired loans	$	4,131	$	3,030
Foregone interest income on impaired loans	$	4,100	$	2,336

The following table present an analysis of information pertaining to impaired loans as of December 31, 2019.


(dollars in thousands)	Unpaid Contractual Principal Balance		Recorded Investment With No Allowance		Recorded Investment With Allowance		Total Recorded Investment		Related Allowance		Average Recorded Investment
December 31, 2019
Commercial, financial and agricultural	$	18,438	$	1,911	$	7,840	$	9,751	$	1,542	$	6,287
Consumer installment	2,179		839		—		839		—		767
Indirect automobile	1,845		1,746		—		1,746		—		592


Premium finance	757		—		757		757		156		524
Real estate – construction and development	4,893		1,319		1,605		2,924		204		7,278
Real estate – commercial and farmland	42,515		12,147		18,381		30,528		953		23,280
Real estate – residential	62,675		13,413		44,775		58,188		3,592		51,817
Total	$	133,302	$	31,375	$	73,358	$	104,733	$	6,447	$	90,545

F-40

Credit Quality Indicators

The Company uses a nine category risk grading system to assign a risk grade to each loan in the portfolio. The following is a description of the general characteristics of the grades:

Grade 1 – Prime Credit – This grade represents loans to the Company’s most creditworthy borrowers or loans that are secured by cash or cash equivalents.

Grade 2 – Strong Credit – This grade includes loans that exhibit one or more characteristics better than that of a Good Credit. Generally, the debt service coverage and borrower’s liquidity is materially better than required by the Company’s loan policy.

Grade 3 – Good Credit – This grade is assigned to loans to borrowers who exhibit satisfactory credit histories, contain acceptable loan structures and demonstrate ability to repay.

Grade 4 – Satisfactory Credit – This grade includes loans which exhibit all the characteristics of a Good Credit, but warrant more than normal level of banker supervision due to (i) circumstances which elevate the risks of performance (such as start-up operations, untested management, heavy leverage and interim losses); (ii) adverse, extraordinary events that have affected, or could affect, the borrower’s cash flow, financial condition, ability to continue operating profitability or refinancing (such as death of principal, fire and divorce); (iii) loans that require more than the normal servicing requirements (such as any type of construction financing, acquisition and development loans, accounts receivable or inventory loans and floor plan loans); (iv) existing technical exceptions which raise some doubts about the Bank’s perfection in its collateral position or the continued financial capacity of the borrower; or (v) improvements in formerly criticized borrowers, which may warrant banker supervision.

Grade 5 – Fair Credit – This grade is assigned to loans that are currently performing and supported by adequate financial information that reflects repayment capacity but exhibits a loan-to-value ratio greater than 110%, based on a documented collateral valuation.

Grade 6 – Other Assets Especially Mentioned – This grade includes loans that exhibit potential weaknesses that deserve management’s close attention. If left uncorrected, these weaknesses may result in deterioration of the repayment prospects for the asset or in the Company’s credit position at some future date.

Grade 7 – Substandard – This grade represents loans which are inadequately protected by the current credit worthiness and paying capacity of the borrower or of the collateral pledged, if any. These assets exhibit a well-defined weakness or are characterized by the distinct possibility that the Bank will sustain some loss if the deficiencies are not corrected. These weaknesses may be characterized by past due performance, operating losses or questionable collateral values.

Grade 8 – Doubtful – This grade includes loans which exhibit all of the characteristics of a substandard loan with the added provision that the weaknesses make collection or liquidation in full, on the basis of currently existing facts, conditions and values, highly questionable or improbable.

Grade 9 – Loss – This grade is assigned to loans which are considered uncollectible and of such little value that their continuance as active assets of the Bank is not warranted. This classification does not mean that the loan has absolutely no recovery or salvage value, but rather it is not practical or desirable to defer writing it off.

The following table presents the loan portfolio's amortized cost by class of financing receivable, risk grade and year of origination (in thousands). Generally, current period renewals of credit are underwritten again at the point of renewal and considered current period originations for purposes of the table below. The Company had an immaterial amount of revolving loans which converted to term loans and the amortized cost basis of those loans is included in the applicable origination year. There were no loans risk graded 9 at December 31, 2020.

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	Term Loans by Origination Year												Revolving Loans Amortized Cost Basis		Total
As of December 31, 2020	2020		2019		2018		2017		2016		Prior
Commercial, Financial and Agricultural
Risk Grade:
1	$	829,710	$	2,912	$	1,055	$	387	$	490	$	4,961	$	36,373	$	875,888
2	1,213		1,512		668		996		172		967		14,317		19,845
3	109,352		54,266		16,932		17,968		7,027		3,905		68,806		278,256
4	86,837		71,645		74,388		37,779		15,359		23,069		85,366		394,443
5	4,061		4,269		4,772		7,443		804		5,842		4,352		31,543
6	21		72		506		193		3,509		1,232		632		6,165
7	3,312		3,460		2,579		3,573		1,294		5,214		1,886		21,318
8	—		—		—		—		—		—		19		19

Total commercial, financial and agricultural	$	1,034,506	$	138,136	$	100,900	$	68,339	$	28,655	$	45,190	$	211,751	$	1,627,477
Consumer Installment
Risk Grade:
1	$	6,782	$	3,001	$	1,550	$	583	$	95	$	1	$	667	$	12,679
2	—		—		46		2		—		63		42		153
3	15,172		6,960		2,838		887		1,455		601		4,389		32,302
4	120,800		53,593		53,182		16,329		3,121		9,437		3,556		260,018
5	49		127		28		30		3		242		8		487
6	—		2		9		—		—		145		—		156
7	30		209		72		105		134		553		97		1,200


Total consumer installment	$	142,833	$	63,892	$	57,725	$	17,936	$	4,808	$	11,042	$	8,759	$	306,995
Indirect Automobile
Risk Grade:
1	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—
2	—		—		81		31		5,356		3,054		—		8,522
3	—		35,432		187,656		188,302		103,570		52,781		—		567,741
4	—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
5	—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
6	—		—		57		70		62		85		—		274
7	—		163		519		561		1,078		1,225		—		3,546


Total indirect automobile	$	—	$	35,595	$	188,313	$	188,964	$	110,066	$	57,145	$	—	$	580,083
Mortgage Warehouse
Risk Grade:


3	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	916,353	$	916,353






Total mortgage warehouse	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	916,353	$	916,353
Municipal
Risk Grade:
1	$	91,692	$	12,685	$	8,944	$	143,741	$	124,929	$	97,923	$	—	$	479,914
2	73,000		—		—		—		9,410		—		—		82,410
3	39,990		713		—		5,453		7,204		5,489		—		58,849
4	31,394		—		—		—		—		6,836		—		38,230





Total municipal	$	236,076	$	13,398	$	8,944	$	149,194	$	141,543	$	110,248	$	—	$	659,403

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	Term Loans by Origination Year												Revolving Loans Amortized Cost Basis		Total
As of December 31, 2020	2020		2019		2018		2017		2016		Prior
Premium Finance
Risk Grade:

2	$	661,614	$	18,236	$	515	$	746	$	121	$	38	$	—	$	681,270




7	5,811		760		—		—		—		—		—		6,571


Total premium finance	$	667,425	$	18,996	$	515	$	746	$	121	$	38	$	—	$	687,841
Real Estate – Construction and Development
Risk Grade:


3	$	59,325	$	7,035	$	6,870	$	8,046	$	3,415	$	6,916	$	1,293	$	92,900
4	605,254		445,496		205,444		50,181		14,672		26,915		68,574		1,416,536
5	1,614		26,720		9,612		13,261		17,712		10,127		107		79,153
6	685		1,036		3,646		1,302		—		4,564		—		11,233
7	15		2,858		566		271		42		3,136		—		6,888


Total real estate – construction and development	$	666,893	$	483,145	$	226,138	$	73,061	$	35,841	$	51,658	$	69,974	$	1,606,710
Real Estate – Commercial and Farmland
Risk Grade:
1	$	—	$	—	$	161	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	161
2	7,482		540		521		2,131		4,375		10,663		1,138		26,850
3	918,939		370,703		143,591		197,942		224,712		274,665		67,067		2,197,619
4	344,777		584,814		423,241		331,024		242,573		545,745		34,326		2,506,500
5	4,027		39,216		69,173		80,726		25,561		94,461		1,274		314,438
6	—		10,680		4,895		28,139		7,670		31,224		—		82,608
7	250		54,439		18,574		15,489		27,044		55,763		271		171,830


Total real estate – commercial and farmland	$	1,275,475	$	1,060,392	$	660,156	$	655,451	$	531,935	$	1,012,521	$	104,076	$	5,300,006
Real Estate - Residential
Risk Grade:
1	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	19	$	—	$	19
2	37		398		12		121		1,275		47,286		1,402		50,531
3	763,101		529,268		254,632		186,531		154,285		388,825		203,491		2,480,133
4	19,296		19,874		15,784		11,607		14,240		53,869		44,276		178,946
5	400		1,768		3,489		3,479		1,151		12,824		3,618		26,729
6	527		1,843		1,030		334		724		3,391		255		8,104
7	3,442		9,387		12,339		4,667		2,157		16,659		2,944		51,595


Total real estate - residential	$	786,803	$	562,538	$	287,286	$	206,739	$	173,832	$	522,873	$	255,986	$	2,796,057

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The following table presents the loan portfolio by risk grade as of December 31, 2019 (in thousands).


Risk Grade	Commercial, Financial and Agricultural		Consumer Installment		Indirect Automobile		Mortgage Warehouse		Municipal		Premium Finance		Real Estate - Construction and Development		Real Estate - Commercial and Farmland		Real Estate - Residential		Total
1	$	22,396	$	13,184	$	—	$	—	$	552,062	$	—	$	—	$	208	$	27	$	587,877
2	18,937		1,233		18,354		—		2,690		654,069		17,535		35,299		92,255		840,372
3	215,180		33,314		1,033,861		526,369		8,925		—		90,124		1,720,039		2,406,587		6,034,399
4	482,146		449,224		4,009		—		627		—		1,377,674		2,348,083		222,779		4,884,542
5	33,317		208		—		—		—		—		41,759		133,119		24,618		233,021
6	4,901		213		—		—		—		—		17,223		53,941		10,132		86,410
7	25,294		1,191		5,600		—		—		600		4,747		62,350		52,063		151,845
8	—		8		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		8
9	—		2		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		2
Total	$	802,171	$	498,577	$	1,061,824	$	526,369	$	564,304	$	654,669	$	1,549,062	$	4,353,039	$	2,808,461	$	12,818,476

Troubled Debt Restructurings

The restructuring of a loan is considered a “troubled debt restructuring” if both (i) the borrower is experiencing financial difficulties and (ii) the Company has granted a concession. Concessions may include interest rate reductions to below market interest rates, principal forgiveness, restructuring amortization schedules and other actions intended to minimize potential losses. The Company has exhibited the greatest success for rehabilitation of the loan by a reduction in the rate alone (maintaining the amortization of the debt) or a combination of a rate reduction and the forbearance of previously past due interest or principal. This has most typically been evidenced in certain commercial real estate loans whereby a disruption in the borrower’s cash flow resulted in an extended past due status, of which the borrower was unable to catch up completely as the cash flow of the property ultimately stabilized at a level lower than its original level. A reduction in rate, coupled with a forbearance of unpaid principal and/or interest, allowed the net cash flows to service the debt under the modified terms.

The Company’s policy requires a restructure request to be supported by a current, well-documented credit evaluation of the borrower’s financial condition and a collateral evaluation that is no older than six months from the date of the restructure. Key factors of that evaluation include the documentation of current, recurring cash flows, support provided by the guarantor(s) and the current valuation of the collateral. If the appraisal in file is older than six months, an evaluation must be made as to the continued reasonableness of the valuation. For certain income-producing properties, current rent rolls and/or other income information can be utilized to support the appraisal valuation, when coupled with documented cap rates within our markets and a physical inspection of the collateral to validate the current condition.

The Company’s policy states in the event a loan has been identified as a troubled debt restructuring, it should be assigned a grade of substandard until such time that the borrower has demonstrated the ability to service the loan payments based on the restructured terms – generally defined as six months of satisfactory payment history. Missed payments under the original loan terms are not considered under the new structure; however, subsequent missed payments are considered non-performance and are not considered toward the six month required term of satisfactory payment history.

In the normal course of business, the Company renews loans with a modification of the interest rate or terms that are not deemed as troubled debt restructurings because the borrower is not experiencing financial difficulty. The Company modified loans in 2020 and 2019 totaling $436.0 million and $325.7 million, respectively, under such parameters. These totals do not include modifications under our disaster relief program discussed under the heading "COVID-19 Deferrals" below.

As of December 31, 2020 and 2019, the Company had a balance of $85.0 million and $35.2 million, respectively, in troubled debt restructurings. The Company has recorded $1.2 million and $1.9 million in previous charge-offs on such loans at December 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively. The Company’s balance in the allowance for credit losses allocated to such troubled debt restructurings was $13.0 million and $3.7 million at December 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively. At December 31, 2020, the Company did not have any commitments to lend additional funds to debtors whose terms have been modified in troubled restructurings.

During the year ending December 31, 2020 and 2019, the Company modified loans as troubled debt restructurings, with principal balances of $49.4 million and $8.5 million, respectively, and these modifications did not have a material impact on the Company's allowance for credit losses. These modifications do not include modifications for which the Company applied the

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temporary relief under Section 4013 of the CARES Act. The following table presents the loans by class modified as troubled debt restructurings, which occurred during the year ending December 31, 2020 and 2019.


	December 31, 2020			December 31, 2019
Loan Class	#	Balance (in thousands)		#	Balance (in thousands)
Commercial, financial and agricultural	7	$	855	4	$	627
Consumer installment	5	15		10	58
Indirect automobile	488	2,738		—	—


Premium finance	—	—		1	157
Real estate – construction and development	1	17		—	—
Real estate – commercial and farmland	14	31,630		2	220
Real estate – residential	55	14,126		48	7,442
Total	570	$	49,381	65	$	8,504

Troubled debt restructurings with an outstanding balance of $4.4 million and $4.2 million defaulted during the year ended December 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively, and these defaults did not have a material impact on the Company’s allowance for credit losses. The following table presents the troubled debt restructurings by class that defaulted (defined as 30 days past due) during the year ending December 31, 2020 and 2019.


	December 31, 2020			December 31, 2019
Loan Class	#	Balance (in thousands)		#	Balance (in thousands)
Commercial, financial and agricultural	1	$	2	6	$	87
Consumer installment	4	2		5	32




Real estate – construction and development	3	689		1	2
Real estate – commercial and farmland	4	929		5	1,942
Real estate – residential	22	2,756		23	2,130
Total	34	$	4,378	40	$	4,193

The following tables present the amount of troubled debt restructurings by loan class classified separately as accrual and non-accrual at December 31, 2020 and 2019.


As of December 31, 2020	Accruing Loans			Non-Accruing Loans
Loan Class	#	Balance (in thousands)		#	Balance (in thousands)
Commercial, financial and agricultural	9	$	521	11	$	849
Consumer installment	10	32		20	56
Indirect automobile	437	2,277		51	461



Real estate – construction and development	4	506		5	707
Real estate – commercial and farmland	28	36,707		7	1,401
Real estate – residential	264	38,800		34	2,671
Total	752	$	78,843	128	$	6,145


As of December 31, 2019	Accruing Loans			Non-Accruing Loans
Loan Class	#	Balance (in thousands)		#	Balance (in thousands)
Commercial, financial and agricultural	5	$	516	17	$	335
Consumer installment	4	8		27	107



Premium finance	1	156		—	—
Real estate – construction and development	6	936		3	253
Real estate – commercial and farmland	21	6,732		8	2,071
Real estate – residential	197	21,261		40	2,857
Total	234	$	29,609	95	$	5,623

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COVID-19 Deferrals

In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, the Company offered affected borrowers payment relief under its Disaster Relief Program. These modifications primarily consisted of short-term payment deferrals or interest-only periods to assist customers. The Company has begun providing payment modifications to certain borrowers in economically sensitive industries of various terms up to nine months. Modifications related to the COVID-19 pandemic and qualifying under the provisions of Section 4013 of the CARES Act are not deemed to be troubled debt restructurings. As of December 31, 2020, $332.8 million in loans remained in payment deferral related to COVID-19 pandemic Disaster Relief Program.

The table below presents short-term deferrals related to the COVID-19 pandemic that were not considered TDRs.


(dollars in thousands)	COVID-19 Deferrals		Deferrals as a % of total loans
Commercial, financial and agricultural	$	12,471	0.8	%
Consumer installment	1,418		0.5	%
Indirect automobile	8,936		1.5	%



Real estate – construction and development	11,049		0.7	%
Real estate – commercial and farmland	179,183		3.4	%
Real estate – residential	119,722		4.3	%
	$	332,779	2.3	%

Related Party Loans

In the ordinary course of business, the Company has granted loans to certain executive officers, directors and their affiliates. These loans are made on substantially the same terms as those prevailing at the time for comparable transaction and do not involve more than normal credit risk. Changes in related party loans are summarized as follows:


	December 31,
(dollars in thousands)	2020		2019
Balance, January 1	$	36,468	$	3,072
Advances	34,132		8,938
Repayments	(1,205)		(2,554)
Transactions due to changes in related parties	—		27,012
Ending balance	$	69,395	$	36,468

Allowance for Credit Losses

The allowance for credit losses represents an allowance for expected losses over the remaining contractual life of the assets. The contractual term does not consider extensions, renewals or modifications unless the Company reasonably expects to execute a troubled debt restructuring with a borrower. The Company segregates the loan portfolio by type of loan and utilizes this segregation in evaluating exposure to risks within the portfolio.

Loan losses are charged against the allowance when management believes the collection of a loan’s principal is unlikely. Subsequent recoveries are credited to the allowance. Consumer loans are charged off in accordance with the Federal Financial Institutions Examination Council’s (“FFIEC”) Uniform Retail Credit Classification and Account Management Policy. Commercial loans are charged off when they are deemed uncollectible, which usually involves a triggering event within the collection effort. If the loan is collateral dependent and foreclosure is probable, the loss is more easily identified and is charged off when it is identified, usually based upon receipt of an appraisal. However, when a loan has guarantor support, the Company may carry the estimated loss as a reserve against the loan while collection efforts with the guarantor are pursued. If, after collection efforts with the guarantor are complete, the deficiency is still considered uncollectible, the loss is charged off and any further collections are treated as recoveries. In all situations, when a loan is downgraded to an Asset Quality Rating of 9 (Loss per the regulatory guidance), the uncollectible portion is charged off.

During the year ended December 31, 2020, the allowance for credit losses increased primarily due to deterioration in forecasted macroeconomic factors resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic. The allowance for credit losses was determined at December 31, 2020 using the Moody's baseline economic forecast, which Moody's defines as having a 50% probability that the

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economy will perform than the baseline projection and the same probability it will perform worse. The current forecast reflects, among other things, a decline in GDP and elevated unemployment levels compared to the forecast the time of adoption of ASC 326 on January 1, 2020. The current forecast also includes an expected improvement in home prices during the forecast period. In general, declines in GDP and elevated unemployment level will result in higher expected losses while improvements in home prices results in lower expected losses for those portfolio segments using those loss drivers. The Company also added additional qualitative factors on its construction and development, residential real estate, commercial real estate and hotel portfolios based principally on risk rating migrations, level of deferrals in the portfolio, expected collateral values and model risk uncertainty.

During the year ended December 31, 2020, the Company sold $87.5 million of selected hotel loans from its commercial real estate portfolio. This sale resulted in charge offs of $17.2 million and a loss on sale of loans of $386,000. The Company designated a portfolio of consumer installment loans, totaling $165.9 million at December 31, 2020, as held for sale during the third and fourth quarters of 2020. The transfer to held for sale resulted in $1.6 million in charge offs and a provision release of approximately $6.7 million.

The following table details activity in the allowance for credit losses by portfolio segment for the periods indicated. Allocation of a portion of the allowance to one category of loans does not preclude its availability to absorb losses in other categories.


(dollars in thousands)	Commercial, Financial and Agricultural		Consumer Installment		Indirect Automobile		Mortgage Warehouse		Municipal		Premium Finance
Balance, December 31, 2019	$	4,567	$	3,784	$	—	$	640	$	484	$	2,550
Adjustment to allowance for adoption of ASU 2016-13	2,587		8,012		4,109		463		(92)		4,471

Provision for loan losses	8,963		(3,831)		(235)		2,563		399		(198)
Loans charged off	(10,647)		(5,642)		(3,602)		—		—		(6,133)
Recoveries of loans previously charged off	1,889		1,753		1,657		—		—		3,189
Balance, December 31, 2020	$	7,359	$	4,076	$	1,929	$	3,666	$	791	$	3,879

	Real Estate – Construction and Development		Real Estate – Commercial and Farmland		Real Estate – Residential		Total
Balance, December 31, 2019	$	5,995	$	9,666	$	10,503	$	38,189
Adjustment to allowance for adoption of ASU 2016-13	12,248		27,073		19,790		78,661

Provision for loan losses	26,327		78,210		13,290		125,488
Loans charged off	(83)		(27,504)		(853)		(54,464)
Recoveries of loans previously charged off	817		1,449		794		11,548
Balance, December 31, 2020	$	45,304	$	88,894	$	43,524	$	199,422

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Prior to the adoption of ASC 326 on January 1, 2020, the Company calculated the allowance for loan losses under the incurred loss methodology. The following tables are disclosures related to the allowance for loan losses in prior periods.


(dollars in thousands)	Commercial, Financial and Agricultural		Consumer Installment		Indirect Automobile		Mortgage Warehouse		Municipal		Premium Finance
Twelve months ended December 31, 2019
Balance, January 1, 2019	$	2,352	$	3,795	$	—	$	640	$	509	$	1,426
Provision for loan losses	3,837		4,268		1,459		—		(25)		2,721
Loans charged off	(3,460)		(5,899)		(1,904)		—		—		(4,351)
Recoveries of loans previously charged off	1,838		1,620		445		—		—		2,754
Balance, December 31, 2019	$	4,567	$	3,784	$	—	$	640	$	484	$	2,550

Period-end allocation:
Loans individually evaluated for impairment (1)	$	1,543	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	758
Loans collectively evaluated for impairment	3,024		3,784		—		640		484		1,792
Ending balance	$	4,567	$	3,784	$	—	$	640	$	484	$	2,550

Loans:
Individually evaluated for impairment (1)	$	8,032	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	6,768
Collectively evaluated for impairment	789,252		498,363		1,056,811		526,369		564,304		647,901
Acquired with deteriorated credit quality	4,887		214		5,013		—		—		—
Ending balance	$	802,171	$	498,577	$	1,061,824	$	526,369	$	564,304	$	654,669

	Real Estate – Construction and Development		Real Estate – Commercial and Farmland		Real Estate – Residential		Total
Twelve months ended December 31, 2019
Balance, January 1, 2019	$	4,210	$	9,659	$	6,228	$	28,819
Provision for loan losses	454		3,017		4,027		19,758
Loans charged off	(414)		(3,342)		(491)		(19,861)
Recoveries of loans previously charged off	1,745		332		739		9,473
Balance, December 31, 2019	$	5,995	$	9,666	$	10,503	$	38,189

Period-end allocation:
Loans individually evaluated for impairment (1)	$	204	$	953	$	3,704	$	7,162
Loans collectively evaluated for impairment	5,791		8,713		6,799		31,027
Ending balance	$	5,995	$	9,666	$	10,503	$	38,189

Loans:
Individually evaluated for impairment (1)	$	1,605	$	19,759	$	46,311	$	82,475
Collectively evaluated for impairment	1,532,786		4,256,397		2,737,095		12,609,278
Acquired with deteriorated credit quality	14,671		76,883		25,055		126,723
Ending balance	$	1,549,062	$	4,353,039	$	2,808,461	$	12,818,476

(1)At December 31, 2019, loans individually evaluated for impairment includes all nonaccrual loans greater than $100,000 and all troubled debt restructurings greater than $100,000, including all troubled debt restructurings and not only those currently classified as troubled debt restructurings.

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(dollars in thousands)	Commercial, Financial and Agricultural		Consumer Installment		Indirect Automobile		Mortgage Warehouse		Municipal		Premium Finance
Twelve months ended December 31, 2018
Balance, January 1, 2018	$	2,693	$	1,926	$	—	$	640	$	519	$	819
Provision for loan losses	(117)		5,468		—		—		(10)		10,253
Loans charged off	(1,908)		(4,414)		—		—		—		(12,467)
Recoveries of loans previously charged off	1,684		815		—		—		—		2,821
Balance, December 31, 2018	$	2,352	$	3,795	$	—	$	640	$	509	$	1,426

Period-end allocation:
Loans individually evaluated for impairment (1)	$	191	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	379
Loans collectively evaluated for impairment	2,161		3,795		—		640		509		1,047
Ending balance	$	2,352	$	3,795	$	—	$	640	$	509	$	1,426

Loans:
Individually evaluated for impairment (1)	$	1,608	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	2,360
Collectively evaluated for impairment	676,923		482,390		—		360,922		597,945		408,021
Acquired with deteriorated credit quality	2,189		169		—		—		—		—
Ending balance	$	680,720	$	482,559	$	—	$	360,922	$	597,945	$	410,381

	Real Estate – Construction and Development		Real Estate – Commercial and Farmland		Real Estate – Residential		Total
Twelve months ended December 31, 2018
Balance, January 1, 2018	$	4,743	$	8,408	$	6,043	$	25,791
Provision for loan losses	(514)		855		732		16,667
Loans charged off	(731)		(356)		(1,255)		(21,131)
Recoveries of loans previously charged off	712		752		708		7,492
Balance, December 31, 2018	$	4,210	$	9,659	$	6,228	$	28,819

Period-end allocation:
Loans individually evaluated for impairment (1)	$	479	$	2,274	$	1,641	$	4,964
Loans collectively evaluated for impairment	3,731		7,385		4,587		23,855
Ending balance	$	4,210	$	9,659	$	6,228	$	28,819

Loans:
Individually evaluated for impairment (1)	$	6,935	$	17,231	$	25,759	$	53,893
Collectively evaluated for impairment	884,258		3,079,049		1,880,922		8,370,430
Acquired with deteriorated credit quality	7,904		56,108		21,221		87,591
Ending balance	$	899,097	$	3,152,388	$	1,927,902	$	8,511,914

(1)At December 31, 2018, loans individually evaluated for impairment includes all nonaccrual loans greater than $100,000 and all troubled debt restructurings greater than $100,000, including all troubled debt restructurings and not only those currently classified as troubled debt restructurings.

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NOTE 5. PREMISES AND EQUIPMENT

Premises and equipment are summarized as follows:


	December 31,
(dollars in thousands)	2020		2019
Land	$	68,370	$	74,868
Buildings and leasehold improvements	165,058		167,837
Furniture and equipment	74,821		69,108
Construction in progress	4,530		2,282
Premises and equipment, gross	312,779		314,095
Accumulated depreciation	(89,889)		(80,993)
Premises and equipment, net	$	222,890	$	233,102

Depreciation expense was approximately $15.8 million, $13.1 million and $10.0 million for the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018, respectively.

At December 31, 2020, estimated costs to complete construction projects in progress and other binding commitments for capital expenditures were not a material amount.

NOTE 6. GOODWILL AND INTANGIBLE ASSETS

The change in the carrying value of goodwill for the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019 is summarized below for both the total Company and by the Company's reportable segments.


	December 31,
(dollars in thousands)	2020		2019
Consolidated
Carrying amount of goodwill at beginning of year	$	931,637	$	503,434
Additions related to acquisitions in current year	—		430,497
Fair value adjustments related to acquisitions in prior year	(3,632)		(2,294)
Carrying amount of goodwill at end of year	$	928,005	$	931,637

Banking Division
Carrying amount of goodwill at beginning of year	$	867,139	$	438,144
Additions related to acquisitions in current year	—		430,497
Fair value adjustments related to acquisitions in prior year	(3,632)		(1,502)
Carrying amount of goodwill at end of year	$	863,507	$	867,139

Premium Finance Division
Carrying amount of goodwill at beginning of year	$	64,498	$	65,290

Fair value adjustments related to acquisitions in prior year	—		(792)
Carrying amount of goodwill at end of year	$	64,498	$	64,498

During 2020, the Company recorded a subsequent goodwill fair value adjustment of $(3.6) million related to the Fidelity acquisition. During 2019, the Company recorded net additions to goodwill totaling $428.2 million comprised of $430.5 million related to the Fidelity acquisition and $1.1 million, $(2.6) million and $(792,000) related to subsequent fair value adjustments on the Hamilton, Atlantic and USPF acquisitions, respectively.

The Company performs its annual impairment test at December 31 of each year and more frequently if a triggering event occurs. Impairment exists when a reporting unit’s carrying value of goodwill exceeds its fair value. The Company performed an interim qualitative assessment at March 31, 2020 considering the decline in the Company's stock price relative to book value and the impact of COVID-19 on the economy and determined that it was more likely than not that the reporting units fair values exceeded their carrying value.

During the second quarter of 2020, the Company assessed the indicators of goodwill impairment and determined a triggering event had occurred. Triggering events included sustained decline in the Company's share price, the impact of COVID-19 on the

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economy and low interest rate environment. The Company performed a quantitative analysis of goodwill and determined no impairment existed at June 30, 2020.

At September 30, 2020, the Company performed an interim qualitative assessment and determined that it was more likely than not that the reporting units fair values exceeded their carrying values. At December 31, 2020, the Company performed its annual qualitative assessment and determined that it was more likely than not that the reporting units fair values exceeded their carrying values.

Each of the valuation methods used by the Company requires significant assumptions. Depending on the specific method, assumptions are made regarding growth rates, discount rates for cash flows, control premiums, and selected multiples. Changes to any of the assumptions could result in significantly different results.

The carrying value of intangible assets as of December 31, 2020 and 2019 was $72.0 million and $91.6 million, respectively. Intangible assets are comprised of core deposit intangibles, an insurance agent relationships intangible, a "US Premium Finance" trade name intangible and a non-compete agreement intangible. During 2019, the Company recorded core deposit intangible assets of $50.6 million associated with the Fidelity acquisition. The amortization period used for core deposit intangibles ranges from seven to ten years. The amortization periods used for the insurance agent relationships, the "US Premium Finance" trade name and the non-compete agreement intangible assets are eight years, seven years and three years, respectively.

The following is a summary of information related to acquired intangible assets:


	As of December 31, 2020				As of December 31, 2019
(dollars in thousands)	Gross Amount		Accumulated Amortization		Gross Amount		Accumulated Amortization
Amortized intangible assets:
Core deposit premiums	$	107,958	$	50,829	$	107,958	$	34,220
Insurance agent relationships	22,351		8,149		22,351		5,355
US Premium Finance trade name	1,094		456		1,094		300
Non-compete agreement	162		157		162		104
	$	131,565	$	59,591	$	131,565	$	39,979

The aggregate amortization expense for intangible assets was approximately $19.6 million, $17.7 million and $9.5 million for the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018, respectively.

The estimated amortization expense for each of the next five years is as follows (in thousands):


2021	$	14,965
2022	12,554
2023	11,054
2024	9,999
2025	8,937
Thereafter	14,465
	$	71,974

NOTE 7. DEPOSITS

The scheduled maturities of time deposits at December 31, 2020 are as follows:


(dollars in thousands)
2021	$	1,691,527
2022	259,478
2023	48,951
2024	21,607
2025	21,873
Thereafter	1,346
	$	2,044,782

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The aggregate amount of time deposits in denominations of $250,000 or more at December 31, 2020 and 2019 was $524.3 million and $702.3 million, respectively.

As of December 31, 2020, the Company had brokered deposits of $430.2 million. As of December 31, 2019, the Company had brokered deposits of $452.7 million.

Deposits from principal officers, directors, and their affiliates at December 31, 2020 and 2019 were $125.2 million and $118.5 million, respectively.

NOTE 8. SECURITIES SOLD UNDER AGREEMENTS TO REPURCHASE

The Company classifies the sales of securities under agreements to repurchase as short-term borrowings. The amounts received under these agreements are reflected as a liability in the Company’s consolidated balance sheets and the securities underlying these agreements are included in investment securities in the Company’s consolidated balance sheets. At December 31, 2020 and 2019, all securities sold under agreements to repurchase mature on a daily basis. The market value of the securities fluctuate on a daily basis due to market conditions. The Company monitors the market value of the securities underlying these agreements on a daily basis and is required to transfer additional securities if the market value of the securities fall below the repurchase agreement price. The Company maintains an unpledged securities portfolio that it believes is sufficient to protect against a decline in the market value of the securities sold under agreements to repurchase.

The following is a summary of securities sold under repurchase agreements for the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018:


	For the Years Ended December 31,
(dollars in thousands)	2020			2019			2018
Average daily balance during the year	$	12,115		$	14,043		$	15,692
Average interest rate during the year	0.68		%	0.61		%	0.15		%
Maximum month-end balance during the year	$	15,998		$	23,626		$	23,270
Weighted average interest rate at year-end	0.35		%	0.81		%	0.14		%

The following is a summary of the Company’s securities sold under agreements to repurchase at December 31, 2020 and 2019:


	December 31,
(dollars in thousands)	2020		2019
Securities sold under agreements to repurchase	$	11,641	$	20,635

At December 31, 2020 and 2019, the investment securities underlying these agreements were comprised of state, county and municipal securities and mortgage-backed securities.

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NOTE 9. OTHER BORROWINGS

Other borrowings consist of the following:


	December 31,
(dollars in thousands)	2020		2019
FHLB borrowings:
Fixed Rate Advance due January 10, 2020; fixed interest rate of 1.68%	$	—	$	50,000
Fixed Rate Advance due January 13, 2020; fixed interest rate of 1.68%	—		50,000
Fixed Rate Advance due January 13, 2020; fixed interest rate of 1.67%	—		100,000
Fixed Rate Advance due January 15, 2020; fixed interest rate of 1.71%	—		50,000
Fixed Rate Advance due January 16, 2020; fixed interest rate of 1.69%	—		150,000
Fixed Rate Advance due January 17, 2020; fixed interest rate of 1.70%	—		100,000
Fixed Rate Advance due January 21, 2020; fixed interest rate of 1.71%	—		50,000
Fixed Rate Advance due January 21, 2020; fixed interest rate of 1.71%	—		200,000
Fixed Rate Advance due January 21, 2020; fixed interest rate of 1.70%	—		25,000
Fixed Rate Advance due January 21, 2020; fixed interest rate of 1.71%	—		75,000
Fixed Rate Advance due January 21, 2020; fixed interest rate of 1.71%	—		25,000
Fixed Rate Advance due January 23, 2020; fixed interest rate of 1.71%	—		100,000
Fixed Rate Advance due January 27, 2020; fixed interest rate of 1.73%	—		50,000
Fixed Rate Advance due February 18, 2020; fixed interest rate of 1.72%	—		100,000
Fixed Rate Advance due March 3, 2025; fixed interest rate of 1.208%	15,000		—
Fixed Rate Advance due March 2, 2027; fixed interest rate of 1.445%	15,000		—
Fixed Rate Advance due March 4, 2030; fixed interest rate of 1.606%	15,000		—
Fixed Rate Advance due December 9, 2030; fixed interest rate of 4.55%	1,411		1,422
Fixed Rate Advance due December 9, 2030; fixed interest rate of 4.55%	977		985
Principal Reducing Advance due September 29, 2031; fixed interest rate of 3.095%	1,567		1,712
Subordinated notes payable:
Subordinated notes payable due March 15, 2027 net of unamortized debt issuance cost of $812 and $943, respectively; fixed interest rate of 5.75% through March 14, 2022; variable interest rate thereafter at three-month LIBOR plus 3.616%	74,188		74,057
Subordinated notes payable due December 15, 2029 net of unamortized debt issuance cost of $2,165 and $2,408, respectively; fixed interest rate of 4.25% through December 14, 2024; variable interest rate thereafter at three-month SOFR plus 2.94%	117,835		117,592
Subordinated notes payable due May 31, 2030 net of unaccreted purchase accounting fair value adjustment of $1,150 and $1,596, respectively; fixed interest rate of 5.875% through May 31, 2025; variable interest rate thereafter at three-month LIBOR plus 3.63%	76,150		76,595
Subordinated notes payable due October 1, 2030 net of unamortized debt issuance cost of $1,973 and $0, respectively; fixed interest rate of 3.875% through September 30, 2025; variable interest rate thereafter at three-month SOFR plus 3.753%	108,027		—
Other debt:
Advance from correspondent bank due September 5, 2026; secured by a loan receivable; fixed interest rate of 2.09%	—		1,346
	$	425,155	$	1,398,709

The advances from the FHLB are collateralized by a blanket lien on all eligible first mortgage loans and other specific loans in addition to FHLB stock. At December 31, 2020, $3.08 billion was available for borrowing on lines with the FHLB.

As of December 31, 2020, the Bank maintained credit arrangements with various financial institutions to purchase federal funds up to $127.0 million.

The Bank also participates in the Federal Reserve discount window borrowings program. At December 31, 2020, the Company had $2.96 billion of loans pledged at the Federal Reserve discount window and had $1.90 billion available for borrowing.

Subordinated Notes Payable

On March 13, 2017, the Company completed the public offering and sale of $75.0 million in aggregate principal amount of its 5.75% Fixed-To-Floating Rate Subordinated Notes due 2027 (the “2027 subordinated notes”). The 2027 subordinated notes were sold to the public at par pursuant to an underwriting agreement and were issued pursuant to an indenture and a supplemental indenture. The 2027 subordinated notes will mature on March 15, 2027 and through March 14, 2022 will bear a

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fixed rate of interest of 5.75% per annum, payable semi-annually in arrears on September 15 and March 15 of each year. Beginning March 15, 2022, the interest rate on the 2027 subordinated notes resets quarterly to a floating rate per annum equal to the then-current three-month LIBOR plus 3.616%, payable quarterly in arrears on June 15, September 15, December 15 and March 15 of each year to the maturity date or earlier redemption. On any scheduled interest payment date beginning March 15, 2022, the Company may, at its option, redeem the 2027 subordinated notes, in whole or in part, at a redemption price equal to 100% of the principal amount plus accrued and unpaid interest.

On December 6, 2019, the Company completed the public offering and sale of $120.0 million in aggregate principal amount of its 4.25% Fixed-To-Floating Rate Subordinated Notes due 2029 (the “2029 subordinated notes”). The 2029 subordinated notes were sold to the public at par pursuant to an underwriting agreement and were issued pursuant to an indenture and a supplemental indenture. The 2029 subordinated notes will mature on December 15, 2029 and through December 14, 2024 will bear a fixed rate of interest of 4.25% per annum, payable semi-annually in arrears on June 15 and December 15 of each year. Beginning December 15, 2024, the interest rate on the 2029 subordinated notes resets quarterly to a floating rate per annum equal to the then-current three-month SOFR plus 2.94%, payable quarterly in arrears on March 15, June 15, September 15 and December 15 of each year to the maturity date or earlier redemption. On any scheduled interest payment date beginning December 15, 2024, the Company may, at its option, redeem the 2029 subordinated notes, in whole or in part, at a redemption price equal to 100% of the principal amount plus accrued and unpaid interest.

On September 28, 2020, the Company completed the public offering and sale of $110.0 million in aggregate principal amount of its 3.875% Fixed-To-Floating Rate Subordinated Notes due 2030 (the “2030 subordinated notes”). The 2030 subordinated notes were sold to the public at par pursuant to an underwriting agreement and were issued pursuant to an indenture and a supplemental indenture. The 2030 subordinated notes will mature on October 1, 2030 and through September 30, 2025 will bear a fixed rate of interest of 3.875% per annum, payable semi-annually in arrears on April 1 and October 1 of each year. Beginning October 1, 2025, the interest rate on the 2030 subordinated notes resets quarterly to a floating rate per annum equal to the then-current three-month SOFR plus 3.753%, payable quarterly in arrears on January 1, April 1, July 1 and October 1 of each year to the maturity date or earlier redemption. On any scheduled interest payment date beginning October 1, 2025, the Company may, at its option, redeem the 2030 subordinated notes, in whole or in part, at a redemption price equal to 100% of the principal amount plus accrued and unpaid interest.

The 2027, 2029 and 2030 subordinated notes are unsecured and rank equally with all other unsecured subordinated indebtedness of the Company, including any subordinated indebtedness issued in the future under the indenture governing the 2027, 2029 and 2030 subordinated notes. The 2027, 2029 and 2030 subordinated notes are subordinated in right of payment to all senior indebtedness of the Company. The 2027, 2029 and 2030 subordinated notes are obligations of the Company only and are not guaranteed by any subsidiaries, including the Bank. Additionally, the 2027, 2029 and 2030 subordinated notes are structurally subordinated to all existing and future indebtedness and other liabilities of the Company’s subsidiaries, meaning that creditors of the Company’s subsidiaries (including, in the case of the Bank, its depositors) generally will be paid from those subsidiaries’ assets before holders of the 2027, 2029 and 2030 subordinated notes have any claim to those assets.

As a result of the Fidelity acquisition on July 1, 2019, the Bank assumed $75.0 million in aggregate principal amount of 5.875% Fixed-To-Floating Rate Subordinated Notes due 2030 (the "Bank subordinated notes"). The Bank subordinated notes were acquired inclusive of an unaccreted purchase accounting fair value adjustment of $1.3 million. The Bank subordinated notes will mature on May 31, 2030, and through May 31, 2025 will bear a fixed rate of interest of 5.875% per annum, payable semi-annually in arrears on December 1 and June 1 of each year. Beginning on June 1, 2025, the interest rate on the Bank subordinated notes resets quarterly to a floating rate per annum equal to the then-current three-month LIBOR plus 3.63%, payable quarterly in arrears on September 1, December 1, March 1 and June 1 of each year to the maturity date or earlier redemption. On any scheduled interest payment date beginning June 1, 2025, the Bank may, at its option, redeem the Bank subordinated notes, in whole or in part, at a redemption price equal to 100% of the principal amount plus accrued and unpaid interest.

The Bank subordinated notes of the Bank are unsecured and structurally rank senior to all other unsecured subordinated indebtedness of the Company. The Bank subordinated notes are subordinated in right of payment to all senior indebtedness of the Bank.

For regulatory capital adequacy purposes, the Bank subordinated notes qualify as Tier 2 capital for the Bank and the 2027, 2029, 2030 and Bank subordinated notes (collectively "subordinated notes") qualify as Tier 2 capital for the Company. If in the future the subordinated notes no longer qualify as Tier 2 capital, the subordinated notes may be redeemed by the Bank or Company at a redemption price equal to 100% of the principal amount plus accrued and unpaid interest, subject to prior approval by the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System.

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NOTE 10. SUBORDINATED DEFERRABLE INTEREST DEBENTURES

Through formation and various acquisitions, the Company has assumed subordinated deferrable interest debenture obligations related to trusts that issued trust preferred securities. Under applicable accounting standards, the assets and liabilities of such trusts, as well as the related income and expenses, are excluded from the Company’s consolidated financial statements. However, the subordinated deferrable interest debentures issued by the Company and purchased by the trusts remain on the consolidated balance sheets. The Company's investment in the common stock of the trusts is included in other assets and totaled $4.7 million and $4.9 million at December 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively. In addition, the related interest expense continues to be included in the consolidated statements of income. For regulatory capital purposes, the trust preferred securities qualify as a component of Tier 2 Capital.

At any interest payment date, the Company may redeem the debentures at par and thereby cause a redemption of the trust preferred securities in whole or in part. In March 2020, the Company redeemed at par approximately $5.2 million of subordinated deferrable interest debentures issued during the second quarter of 2004 by First National Banc, Inc. which was acquired by the Company in December 2005. This subsequently caused the redemption of all of the common and capital (preferred) securities in First National Banc Statutory Trust I by the same amount in aggregate. At the time of redemption, the floating rate on this instrument was 4.74%.

The following table summarizes the terms of the Company's outstanding subordinated deferrable interest debentures as of December 31, 2020:


							December 31, 2020
(dollars in thousands) Name of Trust	Issuance Date	Rate	Rate at December 31, 2020	Maturity Date	Issuance Amount		Unaccreted Purchase Discount		Carrying Value
Prosperity Bank Statutory Trust II	March 2003	3-month LIBOR plus 3.15%	3.40%	March 26, 2033	$	4,640	$	969	$	3,671
Fidelity Southern Statutory Trust I	June 2003	3-month LIBOR plus 3.10%	3.35%	June 26, 2033	15,464		1,227		14,237
Coastal Bankshares Statutory Trust I	August 2003	3-month LIBOR plus 3.15%	3.39%	October 7, 2033	5,155		987		4,168
Jacksonville Statutory Trust I	June 2004	3-month LIBOR plus 2.63%	2.86%	June 17, 2034	4,124		812		3,312
Prosperity Banking Capital Trust I	June 2004	3-month LIBOR plus 2.57%	2.81%	June 30, 2034	5,155		1,383		3,772
Merchants & Southern Statutory Trust I	March 2005	3-month LIBOR plus 1.90%	2.13%	March 17, 2035	3,093		899		2,194
Fidelity Southern Statutory Trust II	March 2005	3-month LIBOR plus 1.89%	2.12%	March 17, 2035	10,310		2,047		8,263
Atlantic BancGroup, Inc. Statutory Trust I	September 2005	3-month LIBOR plus 1.50%	1.72%	September 15, 2035	3,093		1,134		1,959
Coastal Bankshares Statutory Trust II	December 2005	3-month LIBOR plus 1.60%	1.82%	December 15, 2035	10,310		3,429		6,881
Cherokee Statutory Trust I	November 2005	3-month LIBOR plus 1.50%	1.72%	December 15, 2035	3,093		686		2,407
Prosperity Bank Statutory Trust III	January 2006	3-month LIBOR plus 1.60%	1.82%	March 15, 2036	10,310		3,815		6,495
Merchants & Southern Statutory Trust II	March 2006	3-month LIBOR plus 1.50%	1.72%	June 15, 2036	3,093		1,046		2,047
Jacksonville Statutory Trust II	December 2006	3-month LIBOR plus 1.73%	1.95%	December 15, 2036	3,093		934		2,159
Ameris Statutory Trust I	December 2006	3-month LIBOR plus 1.63%	1.85%	December 15, 2036	37,114		—		37,114
Fidelity Southern Statutory Trust III	August 2007	3-month LIBOR plus 1.40%	1.62%	September 15, 2037	20,619		5,542		15,077
Prosperity Bank Statutory Trust IV	September 2007	3-month LIBOR plus 1.54%	1.76%	December 15, 2037	7,940		4,139		3,801
Jacksonville Bancorp, Inc. Statutory Trust III	June 2008	3-month LIBOR plus 3.75%	3.97%	September 15, 2038	7,784		996		6,788
Total					$	154,390	$	30,045	$	124,345

NOTE 11. SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY

Common Stock Repurchase Program

On September 19, 2019, the Company announced that its Board of Directors authorized the Company to repurchase up to $100.0 million of its outstanding common stock through October 31, 2020. On October 22, 2020, the Company announced that its Board of Directors approved the extension of the share repurchase program through October 31, 2021. Repurchases of shares will be made, if at all, in accordance with applicable securities laws and may be made from time to time in the open market or by negotiated transactions. The amount and timing of repurchases will be based on a variety of factors, including share acquisition price, regulatory limitations and other market and economic factors. The program does not require the repurchase of any specific number of shares. As of December 31, 2020, $14.3 million, or 358,664 shares of the Company's common stock had been repurchased under the new program.

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Fidelity Acquisition

On July 1, 2019, the Company issued 22,181,522 shares of its common stock to the shareholders of Fidelity. Such shares had a value of $39.19 per share at the time of issuance, resulting in an increase in shareholders’ equity of $869.3 million.

For additional information regarding the Fidelity acquisition, see Note 2.

Hamilton Acquisition

On June 29, 2018, the Company issued 6,548,385 shares of its common stock to the shareholders of Hamilton. Such shares had a value of $53.35 per share at the time of issuance, resulting in an increase in shareholders’ equity of $349.4 million.

For additional information regarding the Hamilton acquisition, see Note 2.

Atlantic Acquisition

On May 25, 2018, the Company issued 2,631,520 shares of its common stock to the shareholders of Atlantic. Such shares had a value of $56.15 per share at the time of issuance, resulting in an increase in shareholders’ equity of $147.8 million.

For additional information regarding the Atlantic acquisition, see Note 2.

USPF Acquisition

On January 3, 2018, in exchange for 25.01% of the outstanding shares of common stock of USPF, the Company issued 114,285 unregistered shares of its common stock and paid $12.5 million in cash to a selling shareholder of USPF. The issuance of the 114,285 common shares, valued at $48.55 per share at the time of issuance, resulted in an increase in shareholders’ equity of $5.5 million.

On January 31, 2018, in exchange for the final 70% of the outstanding shares of common stock of USPF not previously acquired by the Company, the Company issued 830,301 unregistered shares of its common stock and paid $8.9 million in cash to the selling shareholders of USPF. The issuance of the 830,301 common shares, valued at $53.55 per share at the time of issuance, resulted in an increase in shareholders’ equity of $44.5 million. The selling shareholders of USPF could receive additional cash payments aggregating up to $5.8 million based on the achievement by the Company's premium finance division of certain income targets, between January 1, 2018 and June 30, 2019. The total contingent consideration paid was $1.2 million based on results achieved through the applicable measurement period.

On February 16, 2018, a registration statement was filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission to register the resale or other disposition of the combined 944,586 shares issued on January 3, 2018 and January 31, 2018.

For additional information regarding the USPF acquisition, see Note 2.

NOTE 12. ACCUMULATED OTHER COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS)

Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) for the Company consists of changes in net unrealized gains and losses on investment securities available for sale and interest rate swap derivatives. The reclassification for gains included in net income is recorded in net gain (loss) on securities in the consolidated statements of income. The following tables present a summary of the accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) balances, net of tax, as of December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018.


(dollars in thousands)	Unrealized Gain (Loss) on Derivatives		Unrealized Gain (Loss) on Securities		Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)
Balance, December 31, 2019	$	(147)	$	18,142	$	17,995


Reclassification for gains included in net income, net of tax	—		—		—
Current year changes, net of tax	147		15,363		15,510
Balance, December 31, 2020	$	—	$	33,505	$	33,505

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(dollars in thousands)	Unrealized Gain (Loss) on Derivatives		Unrealized Gain (Loss) on Securities		Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)
Balance, December 31, 2018	$	351	$	(5,177)	$	(4,826)


Reclassification for gains included in net income, net of tax	—		(46)		(46)
Current year changes, net of tax	(498)		23,365		22,867
Balance, December 31, 2019	$	(147)	$	18,142	$	17,995


(dollars in thousands)	Unrealized Gain (Loss) on Derivatives		Unrealized Gain (Loss) on Securities		Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)
Balance, December 31, 2017	$	292	$	(1,572)	$	(1,280)
Reclassification to retained earnings due to change in federal corporate tax rate	(53)		(339)		(392)
Adjusted balance, January 1, 2018	239		(1,911)		(1,672)
Reclassification for gains included in net income, net of tax	—		(70)		(70)
Current year changes, net of tax	112		(3,196)		(3,084)
Balance, December 31, 2018	$	351	$	(5,177)	$	(4,826)

NOTE 13. – REVENUE FROM CONTRACTS WITH CUSTOMERS

The following provides information on noninterest income categories that contain ASC 606 Revenue for the periods indicated.


	For the Years Ended December 31,
(dollars in thousands)	2020		2019		2018
Service charges on deposit accounts
ASC 606 revenue items
Debit card interchange fees	$	15,988	$	18,909	$	18,945
Overdraft fees	17,903		21,710		18,267
Other service charges on deposit accounts	10,254		10,173		8,916
Total ASC 606 revenue included in service charges on deposits accounts	44,145		50,792		46,128
Total service charges on deposit accounts	$	44,145	$	50,792	$	46,128

Other service charges, commissions and fees
ASC 606 revenue items
ATM fees	$	3,633	$	3,228	$	2,721
Total ASC 606 revenue included in other service charges, commission and fees	3,633		3,228		2,721
Other	281		338		250
Total other service charges, commission and fees	$	3,914	$	3,566	$	2,971

Other noninterest income
ASC 606 revenue items
Trust and wealth management	$	3,142	$	1,467	$	89
Total ASC 606 revenue included in other noninterest income	3,142		1,467		89
Other	13,991		16,683		12,879
Total other noninterest income	$	17,133	$	18,150	$	12,968

The following provides information on net gains (losses) recognized on the sale of OREO for the periods indicated.


	For the Years Ended December 31,
(dollars in thousands)	2020		2019		2018
Net gains (losses) recognized on sale of OREO	$	365	$	10	$	(459)

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NOTE 14. INCOME TAXES

The income tax expense in the consolidated statements of income consists of the following:


	For the Years Ended December 31,
(dollars in thousands)	2020		2019		2018
Current - federal	$	73,705	$	21,994	$	27,714
Current - state	12,479		5,328		1,375
Deferred - federal	(7,881)		19,639		496
Deferred - state	(47)		3,182		878

	$	78,256	$	50,143	$	30,463

The Company’s income tax expense differs from the amounts computed by applying the federal income tax statutory rates to income before income taxes. A reconciliation of the differences is as follows:


	For the Years Ended December 31,
(dollars in thousands)	2020			2019			2018
Federal income statutory rate	21		%	21		%	21		%

Tax at federal income tax rate	$	71,460		$	44,433		$	31,813
Change resulting from:
State income tax, net of federal benefit	9,812			7,389			1,965
Tax-exempt interest	(3,726)			(2,911)			(3,095)
Increase in cash value of bank owned life insurance	(594)			(581)			(382)
Excess tax (benefit) deficiency from stock compensation	371			(108)			(602)
Nondeductible merger expenses	2			799			1,002
Other	2,827			1,122			(238)
Benefit related to carryback claims resulting from the CARES Act	(1,896)			—			—
Provision for income taxes	$	78,256		$	50,143		$	30,463

The components of deferred income taxes are as follows:


	December 31,
(dollars in thousands)	2020		2019
Deferred tax assets
Allowance for credit losses	$	59,643	$	9,596
Deferred compensation	5,722		3,459
Deferred loan fees	5,224		—
Deferred gain on interest rate swap	—		39

Nonaccrual interest	—		107
Purchase accounting adjustments	17,266		21,104

Other real estate owned	2,647		4,556
Net operating loss tax carryforward	17,176		18,775
Tax credit carryforwards	931		3,701

FDIC-assisted transaction adjustments	—		2,060
Capitalized costs, accrued expenses and other	2,815		4,840
Lease liability	19,314		10,619
	130,738		78,856

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	December 31,
(dollars in thousands)	2020		2019
Deferred tax liabilities
Premises and equipment	14,337		12,211
Mortgage servicing rights	35,806		25,990
Subordinated debentures	6,169		7,226

Goodwill and intangible assets	13,165		15,756
Unrealized gain on securities available for sale	9,263		5,430

Right of use lease asset	18,684		10,063
	97,424		76,676

Net deferred tax asset	$	33,314	$	2,180

At December 31, 2020, the Company had federal net operating loss carryforwards of approximately $68.4 million which expire at various dates from 2027 to 2035. At December 31, 2020, the Company had state net operating loss carryforwards of approximately $64.9 million which expire at various dates from 2027 to 2035. The federal net operating loss carryforwards are subject to limitations pursuant to Section 382 of the Internal Revenue Code and are expected to be recovered over the next 15 years. The state net operating loss carryforwards are subject to similar limitations and are expected to be recovered over the next 15 years. Deferred tax assets are recognized for net operating losses because the benefit is more likely than not to be realized.

On March 27, 2020, the CARES Act was signed into law in response to the COVID-19 global pandemic. Section 2303(b) of the CARES Act allows for certain net operating losses generated after December 31, 2017, but before December 31, 2021, to be carried back to the five tax years preceding the loss. The Company has approximately $13.2 million of net operating losses eligible to be carried back to preceding tax years. The Company recorded a benefit of $1.9 million due to the carryback of these net operating losses.

The Company did not record any interest and penalties related to income taxes for the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018, and the Company did not have any amount accrued for interest and penalties at December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018.

The Company and its subsidiaries are subject to U.S. federal income tax as well as income tax of the various states. The Company is no longer subject to examination by federal taxing authorities for years before 2017 and state taxing authorities for years before 2016.

NOTE 15. EMPLOYEE BENEFIT PLANS

The Company has established a retirement plan for eligible employees. The Ameris Bancorp 401(k) Profit Sharing Plan allows a participant to defer a portion of their compensation and provides that the Company will match a portion of the deferred compensation. The Plan also provides for non-elective and discretionary contributions. All full-time and part-time employees are eligible to participate in the Plan provided they have met the eligibility requirements. An employee is eligible to participate in the Plan after 30 days of employment and having attained an age of 18 years.

The aggregate expense under the Plan charged to operations during 2020, 2019 and 2018 amounted to $5.9 million, $4.4 million and $2.9 million, respectively.

NOTE 16. DEFERRED COMPENSATION PLANS

The Company and the Bank have entered into separate deferred compensation arrangements and supplemental executive retirement plans with certain executive officers and directors. The plans call for certain amounts payable at retirement, death or disability. The estimated present value of the deferred compensation is being accrued over the expected service period. The Company and the Bank have purchased life insurance policies which they intend to use to fund these liabilities. The cash surrender value of the life insurance was $176.5 million and $175.3 million at December 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively. The Company and the Bank assumed certain split dollar agreements in the acquisition of Fidelity which provide for death benefits to designated beneficiaries of the executive or director. Accrued deferred compensation of $722,000 and $698,000 at December 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively, is included in other liabilities. Accrued supplemental executive retirement plan and split dollar agreement liabilities of $9.8 million and $9.5 million at December 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively, is also included

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in other liabilities. Aggregate compensation expense under the plans was $830,000, $386,000 and $739,000 per year for 2020, 2019 and 2018, respectively, which is included in salaries and employee benefits.

NOTE 17. SHARE-BASED COMPENSATION

The Company awards its employees and directors various forms of share-based incentives under certain plans approved by its shareholders. Awards granted under the plans may be in the form of qualified or nonqualified stock options, restricted stock, stock appreciation rights (“SARs”), long-term incentive compensation units consisting of cash and common stock, or any combination thereof within the limitations set forth in the plans. The plans provide that the aggregate number of shares of the Company’s common stock which may be subject to award may not exceed 1,200,000 subject to adjustment in certain circumstances to prevent dilution. At December 31, 2020, there were 470,502 shares available to be issued under the plans.

All stock options have an exercise price that is equal to the closing fair market value of the Company’s stock on the date the options were granted. Options granted under the plans generally vest over a five-year period and have a 10-year maximum term. Most options granted since 2005 contain performance-based vesting conditions.

The Company did not grant any options during 2020, 2019 or 2018. As of December 31, 2020, there was no unrecognized compensation cost related to nonvested share-based compensation arrangements granted related to performance or non-performance-based options. During 2019, the Company assumed 576,588 fully vested options in the Fidelity acquisition.

As of December 31, 2020, the Company has 258,753 outstanding restricted shares granted under the plans as compensation to certain employees and directors. These shares carry dividend and voting rights. Sales of these shares are restricted prior to the date of vesting, which is one to five years from the date of the grant. Shares issued under the plans are recorded at their fair market value on the date of their grant. The compensation expense is recognized on a straight-line basis over the related vesting period. In 2020, 2019 and 2018, compensation expense related to these grants was approximately $3.3 million, $3.4 million, and $6.2 million, respectively. The total income tax (deficiency) benefit related to these grants was approximately $(161,000), $113,000 and $818,000 in 2020, 2019 and 2018, respectively. Approximately $222,000 of the compensation expense recorded for the year ending December 31, 2020 for restricted stock awards was related to performance-based restricted stock that was not yet granted as of December 31, 2020, and was therefore recorded in other liabilities rather than in shareholders' equity on the Company's consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2020.

It is the Company’s policy to issue new shares for stock option exercises and restricted stock rather than issue treasury shares. The Company recognizes share-based compensation expense on a straight-line basis over the options’ related vesting term. The Company did not record any share-based compensation expense related to stock options during 2020, 2019 and 2018. The total income tax benefit related to stock options was approximately $93,000, $0 and $24,000 in 2020, 2019 and 2018, respectively.

The fair value of each share-based compensation grant is estimated on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model.

A summary of the activity of non-performance-based and performance-based options as of December 31, 2020 is presented below.


	Non-Performance-Based						Performance-Based
	Shares	Weighted Average Exercise Price		Weighted Average Contractual Term	Aggregate Intrinsic Value $ (000)		Shares	Weighted Average Exercise Price		Weighted Average Contractual Term	Aggregate Intrinsic Value $ (000)
Under option, beginning of year	387,193	$	26.51				—	$	—


Exercised	(107,498)	22.26			$	1,128	—	—			$	—

Under option, end of year	279,695	$	28.13	1.26	$	2,780	—	$	—	0	$	—
Exercisable at end of year	279,695	$	28.13	1.26	$	2,780	—	$	—	0	$	—

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A summary of the activity of non-performance-based and performance-based options as of December 31, 2019 is presented below.


	Non-Performance-Based						Performance-Based
	Shares	Weighted Average Exercise Price		Weighted Average Contractual Term	Aggregate Intrinsic Value $ (000)		Shares	Weighted Average Exercise Price		Weighted Average Contractual Term	Aggregate Intrinsic Value $ (000)
Under option, beginning of year	—	$	—				7,711	$	6.94

Options assumed pursuant to acquisition of Fidelity	576,588	26.62					—	—
Exercised	(189,395)	26.85			$	2,437	(7,711)	6.94			$	229

Under option, end of year	387,193	$	26.51	1.91	$	6,208	—	$	—	0	$	—
Exercisable at end of year	387,193	$	26.51	1.91	$	6,208	—	$	—	0	$	—

A summary of the status of the Company’s restricted stock awards as of and for the years ended December 31, 2020, and 2019 is presented below.


	2020			2019
	Shares	Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value		Shares	Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value
Nonvested shares at beginning of year	182,401	$	44.04	161,746	$	43.40
Granted	164,476	25.17		125,022	39.35
Vested	(75,874)	40.94		(63,072)	32.52
Forfeited	(12,250)	38.99		(41,295)	44.93
Nonvested shares at end of year	258,753	33.21		182,401	44.04

The balance of unearned compensation related to restricted stock grants as of December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018 was approximately $3.9 million, $3.7 million, and $3.3 million, respectively. At December 31, 2020, the cost is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of 1.1 years.

During 2020, the Company issued 38,401 performance stock units ("PSUs") with a weighted average grant date fair value of $25.55 subject to a performance condition tied to tangible book value growth over a three-year period. The Company also granted 38,391 PSUs subject to a three-year performance metric of return on tangible common equity relative to a market index with a potential modifier subject to a total shareholder return ("TSR") performance metric with a weighted average grant date fair value of $24.83. The fair value of the PSUs subject to TSR at the grant date was determined using a Monte Carlo simulation method. The Company communicates threshold, target and maximum performance PSUs and performance targets to the applicable employees at the beginning of the performance periods. Dividends are not paid in respect of the awards during the performance period, although dividend equivalents do accrue over the life of the award and will vest, if at all, at the same time as the PSUs to which they relate. The number of PSUs that ultimately vest at the end of the three-year performance period, if any, will be based on the Company's performance relative to the applicable performance metrics. In 2020, the Company recognized compensation cost related to these grants of approximately $630,000. The balance of unearned compensation related to PSU grants as of December 31, 2020 was approximately $1.3 million.

A summary of the Company's nonvested PSUs for the year ended December 31, 2020 is presented below:


	2020
	Shares	Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value
Nonvested units at beginning of year	—	$	—
Granted	76,792	25.19


Nonvested units at end of year	76,792	25.19

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NOTE 18. DERIVATIVE INSTRUMENTS AND HEDGING ACTIVITIES

Cash Flow Hedge

During 2010, the Company entered into an interest rate swap to lock in a fixed rate as opposed to the contractual variable interest rate on certain junior subordinated debentures. The interest rate swap contract had a notional amount of $37.1 million and was hedging the variable rate on certain junior subordinated debentures described in Note 10 of the consolidated financial statements. The Company received a variable rate of the 90-day LIBOR rate plus 1.63% and paid a fixed rate of 4.11%. The swap matured in September 2020.

This contract was classified as a cash flow hedge of an exposure to changes in the cash flow of a recognized liability. At December 31, 2019, the fair value of the remaining instrument totaled a liability of $187,000. As a cash flow hedge, the change in fair value of a hedge that is deemed to be highly effective is recognized in other comprehensive income and the portion deemed to be ineffective is recognized in earnings. Interest expense recorded on this swap transaction totaled $420,000, $(10,000) and $122,000 during 2020, 2019 and 2018, respectively, and is reported as a component of interest expense on other borrowings.

Mortgage Banking Derivatives

The Company maintains a risk management program to manage interest rate risk and pricing risk associated with its mortgage lending activities. This program includes the use of forward contracts and other derivatives that are used to offset changes in value of the mortgage inventory due to changes in market interest rates. As a normal part of its operations, the Company enters into derivative contracts such as forward sale commitments and IRLCs to economically hedge risks associated with overall price risk related to IRLCs and mortgage loans held for sale carried at fair value. These mortgage banking derivatives are not designated in hedge relationships. At December 31, 2020, the Company had approximately $1.20 billion of IRLCs and $2.13 billion of forward commitments for the future delivery of residential mortgage loans. The fair value of these mortgage banking derivatives was reflected as a derivative asset of $51.8 million and a derivative liability of $16.4 million. At December 31, 2019, the Company had approximately $288.5 million of IRLCs and $1.81 billion of forward commitments for the future delivery of residential mortgage loans. The fair value of these mortgage banking derivatives was reflected as a derivative asset of $7.8 million and a derivative liability of $4.5 million. Fair values were estimated based on changes in mortgage interest rates from the date of the commitments. Changes in the fair values of these mortgage banking derivatives are included as a component of mortgage banking activity in the consolidated statements of income.

The net gains (losses) relating to free-standing mortgage banking derivative instruments used for risk management are summarized below as of December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018.


(dollars in thousands)	Location	December 31, 2020		December 31, 2019		December 31, 2018
Forward contracts related to mortgage loans held for sale	Mortgage banking activity	$	(11,944)	$	(5,344)	$	(1,209)
Interest rate lock commitments	Mortgage banking activity	$	43,942	$	(3,910)	$	(351)

The following table reflects the amount and market value of mortgage banking derivatives included in the consolidated balance sheets as of December 31, 2020 and 2019.


	2020				2019
(dollars in thousands)	Notional Amount		Fair Value		Notional Amount		Fair Value
Included in other assets:

Interest rate lock commitments	$	1,199,939	$	51,756	$	288,490	$	7,814
Total included in other assets	$	1,199,939	$	51,756	$	288,490	$	7,814
Included in other liabilities:
Forward contracts related to mortgage loans held for sale	$	2,128,000	$	16,415	$	1,814,669	$	4,471
Total included in other liabilities	$	2,128,000	$	16,415	$	1,814,669	$	4,471

NOTE 19. FAIR VALUE MEASURES

The fair value of an asset or liability is the current amount that would be exchanged between willing parties, other than in a forced liquidation. Fair value is best determined based upon quoted market prices. However, in many instances, there are no

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quoted market prices for the Company’s various assets and liabilities. In cases where quoted market prices are not available, fair value is based on discounted cash flows or other valuation techniques. These techniques are significantly affected by the assumptions used, including the discount rate and estimates of future cash flows. Accordingly, the fair value estimates may not be realized in an immediate settlement of the asset or liability. The accounting standard for disclosures about the fair value measures excludes certain financial instruments and all nonfinancial instruments from its disclosure requirements. Accordingly, the aggregate fair value amounts presented may not necessarily represent the underlying fair value of the Company.

The Company's loans held for sale under the fair value option are comprised of the following:


	December 31,
(dollars in thousands)	2020		2019
Mortgage loans held for sale	$	998,050	$	1,647,900
SBA loans held for sale	3,757		8,811
Total loans held for sale	$	1,001,807	$	1,656,711

The Company has elected to record mortgage loans held for sale at fair value in order to eliminate the complexities and inherent difficulties of achieving hedge accounting and to better align reported results with the underlying economic changes in value of the loans and related hedge instruments. This election impacts the timing and recognition of origination fees and costs, as well as servicing value, which are now recognized in earnings at the time of origination. Interest income on mortgage loans held for sale is recorded on an accrual basis in the consolidated statement of income under the heading interest income – interest and fees on loans. The servicing value is included in the fair value of the IRLCs with borrowers. The mark to market adjustments related to mortgage loans held for sale and the associated economic hedges are captured in mortgage banking activities. Net gains of $747,000, $37.7 million and $4.1 million resulting from fair value changes of these mortgage loans were recorded in income during the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018, respectively. A net gain of $32.0 million, a net loss of $9.3 million and a net gain of $1.8 million resulting from changes in the fair value of the related derivative financial instruments used to hedge exposure to the market-related risks associated with these mortgage loans were recorded in income during the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018, respectively. These amounts do not reflect changes in fair values of related derivative instruments used to hedge exposure to market-related risks associated with these mortgage loans. The change in fair value of both mortgage loans held for sale and the related derivative instruments are recorded in mortgage banking activity in the consolidated statements of income. The Company’s valuation of mortgage loans held for sale incorporates an assumption for credit risk; however, given the short-term period that the Company holds these loans, valuation adjustments attributable to instrument-specific credit risk is nominal.

The following table summarizes the difference between the fair value and the principal balance for mortgage loans held for sale measured at fair value as of December 31, 2020 and 2019.


	December 31,
(dollars in thousands)	2020		2019
Aggregate fair value of mortgage loans held for sale	$	998,050	$	1,647,900
Aggregate unpaid principal balance of mortgage loans held for sale	947,460		1,598,057
Past due loans of 90 days or more	—		1,649
Nonaccrual loans	—		1,649
Unpaid principal balance of nonaccrual loans	—		1,616

The following table summarizes the difference between the fair value and the principal balance for SBA loans held for sale measured at fair value as of December 31, 2020 and 2019.


	December 31,
(dollars in thousands)	2020		2019
Aggregate fair value of SBA loans held for sale	$	3,757	$	8,811
Aggregate unpaid principal balance of SBA loans held for sale	3,393		8,206
Past due loans of 90 days or more	—		—
Nonaccrual loans	—		—

The Company utilizes fair value measurements to record fair value adjustments to certain assets and liabilities and to determine fair value disclosures. Securities available for sale, loans held for sale and derivative financial instruments are recorded at fair value on a recurring basis. From time to time, the Company may be required to record at fair value other assets on a

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nonrecurring basis, such as collateral-dependent loans, loan servicing rights and OREO. Additionally, the Company is required to disclose, but not record, the fair value of other financial instruments.

Fair Value Hierarchy

The Company groups assets and liabilities at fair value in three levels, based on the markets in which the assets and liabilities are traded and the reliability of the assumptions used to determine fair value. These levels are:

Level 1 – Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.

Level 2 – Observable inputs other than Level 1 prices, such as quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities; quoted prices in markets that are not active; or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data for substantially the full term of the assets or liabilities.

Level 3 – Unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activity and that are significant to the fair value of the assets or liabilities.

The following methods and assumptions were used by the Company in estimating the fair value of its assets and liabilities recorded at fair value and for estimating the fair value of its financial instruments:

Cash and Due From Banks, Federal Funds Sold and Interest-Bearing Deposits in Banks, and Time Deposits in Other Banks: The carrying amount of cash and due from banks, federal funds sold and interest-bearing deposits in banks, and time deposits in other banks approximates fair value.

Investment Securities Available for Sale: The fair value of securities available for sale is determined by various valuation methodologies. Where quoted market prices are available in an active market, securities are classified within Level 1 of the valuation hierarchy. If quoted market prices are not available, then fair values are estimated by using pricing models, quoted prices of securities with similar characteristics, or discounted cash flows. Level 2 securities include certain U.S. agency bonds, mortgage-backed securities, collateralized mortgage and debt obligations, and municipal securities. The Level 2 fair value pricing is provided by an independent third party and is based upon similar securities in an active market. In certain cases where Level 1 or Level 2 inputs are not available, securities are classified within Level 3 of the hierarchy and may include certain residual municipal securities and other less liquid securities.

Loans Held for Sale: The Company records mortgage and SBA loans held for sale at fair value under the fair value option. The fair value of loans held for sale is determined on outstanding commitments from third party investors in the secondary markets and is classified within Level 2 of the valuation hierarchy. Other loans held for sale are carried at the lower of cost or fair value.

Loans: The fair value for loans held for investment is estimated using an exit price methodology. An exit price methodology considers expected cash flows that take into account contractual loan terms, as applicable, prepayment expectations, probability of default, loss severity in the event of default, recovery lag and, in the case of variable rate loans, expectations for future interest rate movements. These cash flows are present valued at a risk adjusted discount rate, which considers the cost of funding, liquidity, servicing costs, and other factors. Because observable quoted prices seldom exist for identical or similar assets carried in loans held for investment, Level 3 inputs are primarily used to determine fair value exit pricing. The fair value of collateral-dependent loans is estimated based on discounted cash flows or underlying collateral values, where applicable. When foreclosure is probable, the fair value of collateral-dependent loans is determined based on collateral values less estimated costs to sell. The fair value of collateral dependent-loans for which foreclosure is not probable is measured either using discounted cash flows or estimated collateral value. Management has determined that the majority of collateral-dependent loans are Level 3 assets due to the extensive use of market appraisals.

Other Real Estate Owned: The fair value of OREO is determined using certified appraisals and internal evaluations that value the property at its highest and best uses by applying traditional valuation methods common to the industry. The Company does not hold any OREO for profit purposes and all other real estate is actively marketed for sale. In most cases, management has determined that additional write-downs are required beyond what is calculable from the appraisal to carry the property at levels that would attract buyers. Because this additional write-down is not based on observable inputs, management has determined that OREO should be classified as Level 3.

Accrued Interest Receivable/Payable: The carrying amount of accrued interest receivable and accrued interest payable approximates fair value.

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Deposits: The carrying amount of demand deposits, savings deposits and variable-rate certificates of deposit approximates fair value. The fair value of fixed-rate certificates of deposit is estimated based on discounted contractual cash flows using interest rates currently being offered for certificates of similar maturities.

Securities Sold under Agreements to Repurchase and Other Borrowings: The carrying amount of securities sold under agreements to repurchase approximates fair value and is classified as Level 1. The carrying amount of variable rate other borrowings approximates fair value and is classified as Level 1. The fair value of fixed rate other borrowings is estimated based on discounted contractual cash flows using the current incremental borrowing rates for similar borrowing arrangements and is classified as Level 2.

Subordinated Deferrable Interest Debentures: The fair value of the Company’s trust preferred securities is based on discounted cash flows using rates for securities with similar terms and remaining maturities and are classified as Level 2.

Off-Balance-Sheet Instruments: Because commitments to extend credit and standby letters of credit are typically made using variable rates and have short maturities, the carrying value and fair value are immaterial for disclosure.

Derivatives: The Company has entered into derivative financial instruments to manage interest rate risk. The valuation of these instruments is determined using widely accepted valuation techniques including discounted cash flow analysis on the expected cash flows of the derivatives. This analysis reflects the contractual terms of the derivative, including the period to maturity, and uses observable market-based inputs, including interest rate curves and implied volatilities. The fair value of the derivatives is determined using the market standard methodology of netting the discounted future fixed cash receipts and the discounted expected variable cash payments. The variable cash payments are based on an expectation of future interest rates (forward curves derived from observable market interest rate curves).

The Company incorporates credit valuation adjustments to appropriately reflect both its own nonperformance risk and the respective counterparty’s nonperformance risk in the fair value measurements. In adjusting the fair value of its derivative contracts for the effect of nonperformance risk, the Company has considered the impact of netting any applicable credit enhancements such as collateral postings, thresholds, mutual puts and guarantees.

Although the Company has determined that the majority of the inputs used to value its derivative fall within Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy, the credit valuation adjustments associated with its derivatives utilize Level 3 inputs, such as estimates of current credit spreads to evaluate the likelihood of default by itself or the counterparty. However, as of December 31, 2019, the Company has assessed the significance of the impact of the credit valuation adjustments on the overall valuation of its derivative positions and has determined that the credit valuation adjustment is not significant to the overall valuation of its derivatives. As a result, the Company has determined that its derivative valuation in its entirety is classified in Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy.

The following table presents the fair value measurements of assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis and the level within the fair value hierarchy in which the fair value measurements fall as of December 31, 2020 and 2019.


	Recurring Basis Fair Value Measurements December 31, 2020
(dollars in thousands)	Fair Value		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3
Financial assets:
U.S. government sponsored agencies	$	17,504	$	—	$	17,504	$	—
State, county and municipal securities	66,778		—		66,778		—
Corporate debt securities	51,896		—		50,726		1,170
SBA pool securities	62,497		—		62,497		—
Mortgage-backed securities	784,204		—		784,204		—
Loans held for sale	1,001,807		—		1,001,807		—

Mortgage banking derivative instruments	51,756		—		51,756		—
Total recurring assets at fair value	$	2,036,442	$	—	$	2,035,272	$	1,170
Financial liabilities:

Mortgage banking derivative instruments	$	16,415	$	—	$	16,415	$	—
Total recurring liabilities at fair value	$	16,415	$	—	$	16,415	$	—

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	Recurring Basis Fair Value Measurements December 31, 2019
(dollars in thousands)	Fair Value		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3
Financial assets:
U.S. government sponsored agencies	$	22,362	$	—	$	22,362	$	—
State, county and municipal securities	105,260		—		105,260		—
Corporate debt securities	52,999		—		51,499		1,500
SBA pool securities	73,912		—		73,912		—
Mortgage-backed securities	1,148,870		—		1,148,870		—
Loans held for sale	1,656,711		—		1,656,711		—

Mortgage banking derivative instruments	7,814		—		7,814		—
Total recurring assets at fair value	$	3,067,928	$	—	$	3,066,428	$	1,500
Financial liabilities:
Derivative financial instruments	$	187	$	—	$	187	$	—
Mortgage banking derivative instruments	4,471		—		4,471		—
Total recurring liabilities at fair value	$	4,658	$	—	$	4,658	$	—

The following table presents the fair value measurements of assets measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis, as well as the general classification of such instruments pursuant to the valuation hierarchy as of December 31, 2020 and 2019.


	Nonrecurring Basis Fair Value Measurements
(dollars in thousands)	Fair Value		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3
December 31, 2020
Collateral-dependent loans	$	98,426	$	—	$	—	$	98,426
Other real estate owned	4,964		—		—		4,964
Mortgage servicing rights	130,630		—		—		130,630
SBA servicing rights	5,839		—		5,839		—
Total nonrecurring assets at fair value	$	239,859	$	—	$	5,839	$	234,020

December 31, 2019
Impaired loans carried at fair value	$	43,788	$	—	$	—	$	43,788
Other real estate owned	17,289		—		—		17,289
Total nonrecurring assets at fair value	$	61,077	$	—	$	—	$	61,077

The inputs used to determine estimated fair value of collateral-dependent loans include market conditions, loan term, underlying collateral characteristics and discount rates. The inputs used to determine fair value of OREO include market conditions, estimated marketing period or holding period, underlying collateral characteristics and discount rates.

For the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019, there was not a change in the methods and significant assumptions used to estimate fair value.

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The following table shows significant unobservable inputs used in the fair value measurement of Level 3 assets.


(dollars in thousands)	Fair Value		Valuation Technique	Unobservable Inputs	Range of Discounts	Weighted Average Discount
As of December 31, 2020
Recurring:
Investment securities available for sale	$	1,170	Discounted par values	Probability of default	18.8%	18.8%
				Loss given default	40%	40%
Nonrecurring:
Collateral-dependent loans	$	98,426	Third-party appraisals and discounted cash flows	Collateral discounts and discount rates	20% - 90%	44%
Other real estate owned	$	4,964	Third party appraisals and sales contracts	Collateral discounts and estimated costs to sell	15% - 59%	28%
Mortgage servicing rights	$	130,630	Discounted cash flows	Discount rate	9% - 12%	10%
				Prepayment speed	14% - 37%	19%

As of December 31, 2019
Recurring:
Investment securities available for sale	$	1,500	Discounted par values	Credit quality of underlying issuer	0%	0%
Nonrecurring:
Impaired loans	$	43,788	Third-party appraisals and discounted cash flows	Collateral discounts and discount rates	1% - 95%	27%
Other real estate owned	$	17,289	Third-party appraisals and sales contracts	Collateral discounts and estimated costs to sell	9% - 89%	31%

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The carrying amount and estimated fair value of the Company’s financial instruments, not shown elsewhere in these financial statements, were as follows.


			Fair Value Measurements December 31, 2020
(dollars in thousands)	Carrying Amount		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
Financial assets:
Cash and due from banks	$	203,349	$	203,349	$	—	$	—	$	203,349
Federal funds sold and interest-bearing accounts	1,913,957		1,913,957		—		—		1,913,957
Time deposits in other banks	249		—		249		—		249
Loans, net	14,183,077		—		—		14,096,711		14,096,711
Accrued interest receivable	76,254		—		3,567		72,687		76,254
Financial liabilities:
Deposits	16,957,823		—		16,968,606		—		16,968,606
Securities sold under agreements to repurchase	11,641		11,641		—		—		11,641
Other borrowings	425,155		—		431,783		—		431,783
Subordinated deferrable interest debentures	124,345		—		116,280		—		116,280

Accrued interest payable	5,487		—		5,487		—		5,487


			Fair Value Measurements December 31, 2019
(dollars in thousands)	Carrying Amount		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
Financial assets:
Cash and due from banks	$	246,234	$	246,234	$	—	$	—	$	246,234
Federal funds sold and interest-bearing accounts	375,615		375,615		—		—		375,615
Time deposits in other banks	249		—		249		—		249
Loans, net	12,736,499		—		—		12,806,709		12,806,709
Accrued interest receivable	52,362		—		5,179		47,183		52,362
Financial liabilities:
Deposits	14,027,073		—		14,035,686		—		14,035,686
Securities sold under agreements to repurchase	20,635		20,635		—		—		20,635
Other borrowings	1,398,709		—		1,402,510		—		1,402,510
Subordinated deferrable interest debentures	127,560		—		126,815		—		126,815
FDIC loss-share payable	19,642		—		—		19,657		19,657
Accrued interest payable	11,524		—		11,524		—		11,524

NOTE 20. LEASES

Operating lease cost was $16.1 million and $10.0 million for the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively. For the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019, the Company had no sublease income offsetting operating lease cost. Variable rent expense and short-term lease expense were not material for the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019. Rental expense measured under ASC 840, Leases, amounted to approximately $7.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2018.

The following table presents the impact of leases on the Company's consolidated balance sheets at December 31, 2020 and 2019:


		December 31,
(dollars in thousands)	Location	2020		2019
Operating lease right-of-use assets	Other assets	$	73,688	$	39,321
Operating lease liabilities	Other liabilities	76,837		42,262

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Future maturities of the Company's operating lease liabilities are summarized as follows:


(dollars in thousands)
Year Ended December 31,	Lease Liability
2021	$	13,164
2022	10,774
2023	8,629
2024	7,982
2025	6,661
Thereafter	34,691
Total lease payments	$	81,901
Less: Interest	(5,064)
Present value of lease liabilities	$	76,837


(dollars in thousands)	December 31,
Supplemental lease information	2020			2019
Weighted-average remaining lease term (years)	9.2			5.1
Weighted-average discount rate	1.85		%	2.56		%
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities:
Operating cash flows from operating leases (cash payments)	$	15,976		$	9,910
Operating cash flows from operating leases (lease liability reduction)	$	14,056		$	10,244
Operating lease right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for leases entered into during the year, net of business combinations	$	54,107		$	5,826

NOTE 21. COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENT LIABILITIES

Loan Commitments

The Company is a party to financial instruments with off-balance-sheet risk in the normal course of business to meet the financing needs of its customers. These financial instruments include commitments to extend credit and standby letters of credit. They involve, to varying degrees, elements of credit risk and interest rate risk in excess of the amount recognized in the consolidated balance sheets.

The Company’s exposure to credit loss is represented by the contractual amount of those instruments. The Company uses the same credit policies in making commitments and conditional obligations as it does for on-balance-sheet instruments. A summary of the Company’s commitments is as follows:


	December 31,
(dollars in thousands)	2020		2019
Commitments to extend credit	$	2,826,719	$	2,486,949
Unused home equity lines of credit	259,015		262,089
Financial standby letters of credit	33,613		29,232
Mortgage interest rate lock commitments	1,199,939		288,490

Commitments to extend credit are agreements to lend to a customer as long as there is no violation of any condition established in the contract. These commitments, predominantly at variable interest rates, generally have fixed expiration dates or other termination clauses and may require payment of a fee. Since many of the commitments are expected to expire without being drawn upon, the total commitment amounts do not necessarily represent future cash requirements. The amount of collateral obtained, if deemed necessary by the Company upon extension of credit, is based on management’s credit evaluation of the customer.

Standby letters of credit are conditional commitments issued by the Company to guarantee the performance of a customer to a third party. Those guarantees are primarily issued to support public and private borrowing arrangements. The credit risk involved in issuing letters of credit is essentially the same as that involved in extending loans to customers. Collateral is required in instances which the Company deems necessary. The Company has not been required to perform on any material

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financial standby letters of credit and the Company has not incurred any losses on financial standby letters of credit for the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019.

The Company maintains an allowance for credit losses on unfunded commitments which is recorded in other liabilities on the consolidated balance sheet. The following table presents activity in the allowance for unfunded commitments for the periods presented.


	Years Ended December 31,
(dollars in thousands)	2020		2019
Balance at beginning of period	$	1,077	$	—
Adjustment to reflect adoption of ASU 2016-13	12,714		—
Addition due to acquisition	—		1,077
Provision for unfunded commitments	19,063		—
Balance at end of period	$	32,854	$	1,077

Other Commitments

As of December 31, 2020, letters of credit issued by the FHLB totaling $490.3 million were used to guarantee the Bank’s performance related to a portion of its public fund deposit balances.

Litigation and Regulatory Contingencies

The Company is, and has been, involved in various legal proceedings with William J. Villari, who formerly owned USPF, and entities that Mr. Villari owns. First, on December 13, 2018, Mr. Villari filed a demand for arbitration, claiming that the Bank’s termination of his employment for “cause” was improper and that he was entitled to additional compensation from the Company and the Bank under his employment agreement. Second, on December 28, 2018, Mr. Villari and his wholly owned company, P1 Finance Holdings LLC (“P1”), filed a lawsuit against the Bank in Broward County, Florida, seeking additional compensation for his service while an employee, as well as other relief. Third, on May 30, 2019, CEBV LLC (“CEBV”), which also is wholly owned by Mr. Villari, filed a lawsuit against the Bank in Duval County, Florida, arising out of a loan purchase agreement with the Bank dated May 8, 2018. CEBV’s complaint in that lawsuit, which also names as a defendant the Company’s former Chief Executive Officer, Dennis J. Zember Jr., seeks unspecified damages and other relief related to asserted claims for fraudulent inducement and breach of contract based on the Bank’s alleged failure to provide sufficient assistance to CEBV in collecting on loans purchased by CEBV from the Bank.

In addition, on January 30, 2019, the Company and the Bank filed a lawsuit against Mr. Villari in Dekalb County, Georgia, asserting claims for unspecified damages arising from Mr. Villari’s alleged failure to disclose material information in connection with the sale of USPF to the Company and the Bank.

In the first of these proceedings to be adjudicated, the Company and the Bank received on November 20, 2019, an Order and Award from the American Arbitration Association in which the arbitrator ruled that the Company and the Bank had cause to terminate Mr. Villari and had properly exercised that right and that, as a result, Mr. Villari is not entitled to any additional payments under his employment agreement or a separate management and licensing agreement with the Bank.

We believe the remaining allegations of Mr. Villari, P1 and CEBV in their complaints are without merit, and we are vigorously defending the cases. We believe that the amount or any estimable range of reasonably possible or probable loss in connection with these matters will not, individually or in the aggregate, have a material adverse effect on the consolidated results of operations or financial condition of the Company.

On November 19, 2019, the Company received a subpoena from the Atlanta Regional Office of the SEC, and the Bank received a grand jury subpoena from the United States Attorney’s Office for the Northern District of Georgia, each requesting that the Company and the Bank produce documents and other materials relating to the Company’s acquisition of USPF, the Bank’s sale of certain loans to CEBV and related disclosures. The Company has cooperated fully with the investigation and has produced all requested documents responsive to the subpoenas. The Company is unable to make any assurances regarding the outcome of the investigation or the impact, if any, that the investigation may have on the Company’s business, consolidated financial condition, results of operations or cash flows.

Furthermore, from time to time, the Company and the Bank are subject to various legal proceedings, claims and disputes that arise in the ordinary course of business. The Company and the Bank are also subject to regulatory examinations, information

F-70

gathering requests, inquiries and investigations in the ordinary course of business. Based on the Company’s current knowledge and advice of counsel, management presently does not believe that the liabilities arising from these legal matters will have a material adverse effect on the Company’s consolidated financial condition, results of operations or cash flows. However, it is possible that the ultimate resolution of these legal matters could have a material adverse effect on the Company’s results of operations and financial condition for any particular period.

The Company’s management and its legal counsel periodically assess contingent liabilities, which may result in a loss to the Company but which will only be resolved when one or more future events occur or fail to occur, and such assessment inherently involves an exercise of judgment. In assessing loss contingencies related to legal proceedings that are pending against the Company or unasserted claims that may result in such proceedings, the Company evaluates the perceived merits of any legal proceedings or unasserted claims, as well as the perceived merits of the amount of relief sought or expected to be sought therein. If the assessment of a contingency indicates that it is probable that a material loss has been incurred and the amount of the liability can be estimated, then the estimated liability would be accrued in the Company’s financial statements. If the assessment indicates that a potentially material loss contingency is not probable, but is reasonably possible, or is probable but cannot be estimated, then the nature of the contingent liability, together with an estimate of the range of possible loss if determinable and material, would be disclosed. Loss contingencies considered remote are generally not disclosed unless they involve guarantees, in which case the nature of the guarantee would be disclosed.

COVID-19

The COVID-19 pandemic has caused significant economic dislocation in the United States and an unprecedented slowdown in economic activity, as many state and local governments have intermittently ordered non-essential businesses to close and residents to shelter in place at home. As a result of the pandemic, commercial customers are experiencing varying levels of disruptions or restrictions on their business activity, and consumers are experiencing interrupted income or unemployment. We have outstanding loans to borrowers in certain industries that have been particularly susceptible to the effects of the pandemic, such as hotels, restaurants and other retail businesses. Given the ongoing and dynamic nature of the circumstances, it is difficult to predict the full impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on our business. The United States government has taken steps to attempt to mitigate some of the more severe anticipated economic effects of the coronavirus, including the passage of the CARES Act and subsequent legislation, but there can be no assurance that such steps will be effective or achieve their desired results in a timely fashion. The extent of such impact from the COVID-19 pandemic and related mitigation efforts will depend on future developments, which are highly uncertain, including, but not limited to, the duration and spread of the COVID-19 pandemic, its severity, including a resurgence or additional wave of the coronavirus, the actions to contain the virus or treat its impact, and how quickly and to what extent normal economic and operating conditions can resume, especially as a vaccine becomes widely available. This could cause a material, adverse effect on the Company’s business, financial condition and results of operations, including increases in loan delinquencies, problem assets and foreclosures; decreases in the value of collateral securing our loans; increases in our allowance for credit losses; and decreases in the value of our intangible assets.

NOTE 22. REGULATORY MATTERS

The Bank is subject to certain restrictions on the amount of dividends that may be declared without prior regulatory approval. At December 31, 2020, $142.1 million of retained earnings were available for dividend declaration without regulatory approval.

The Company and the Bank are subject to various regulatory capital requirements administered by the federal banking agencies. Failure to meet minimum capital requirements can initiate certain mandatory, and possibly additional discretionary, actions by regulators that, if undertaken, could have a direct material effect on the Company’s and Bank’s financial statements. Under capital adequacy guidelines and the regulatory framework for prompt corrective action, the Company and the Bank must meet specific capital guidelines that involve quantitative measures of their assets, liabilities and certain off-balance-sheet items as calculated under regulatory accounting practices. Capital amounts and classification are also subject to qualitative judgments by the regulators about components, risk weightings and other factors.

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As of December 31, 2020 and 2019, the most recent notification from the regulatory authorities categorized the Bank as well capitalized under the regulatory framework for prompt corrective action. To be categorized as well capitalized, the Bank must maintain minimum total risk-based, Tier 1 risk-based, Common Equity Tier 1 risk-based and Tier 1 leverage ratios as set forth in the following table. There are no conditions or events since that notification that management believes have changed the Bank’s category. Prompt corrective action provisions are not applicable to bank holding companies.

The Company’s and Bank’s actual capital amounts and ratios are presented in the following table.


	Actual				For Capital Adequacy Purposes				To Be Well Capitalized Under Prompt Corrective Action Provisions
(dollars in thousands)	Amount		Ratio		Amount		Ratio		Amount		Ratio
As of December 31, 2020
Tier 1 Leverage Ratio (tier 1 capital to average assets):
Consolidated	$	1,701,997	8.99	%	$	757,195	4.00	%			—N/A—
Ameris Bank	$	1,964,717	10.39	%	$	756,510	4.00	%	$	945,637	5.00	%
CET1 Ratio (common equity tier 1 capital to risk weighted assets):
Consolidated	$	1,701,997	11.14	%	$	1,069,425	7.00	%			—N/A—
Ameris Bank	$	1,964,717	12.87	%	$	1,068,756	7.00	%	$	992,417	6.50	%
Tier 1 Capital Ratio (tier 1 capital to risk weighted assets):
Consolidated	$	1,701,997	11.14	%	$	1,298,588	8.50	%			—N/A—
Ameris Bank	$	1,964,717	12.87	%	$	1,297,775	8.50	%	$	1,221,436	8.00	%
Total Capital Ratio (total capital to risk weighted assets):
Consolidated	$	2,332,385	15.27	%	$	1,604,138	10.50	%			—N/A—
Ameris Bank	$	2,165,760	14.19	%	$	1,603,134	10.50	%	$	1,526,795	10.00	%

As of December 31, 2019
Tier 1 Leverage Ratio (tier 1 capital to average assets):
Consolidated	$	1,437,991	8.48	%	$	678,650	4.00	%			—N/A—
Ameris Bank	$	1,649,699	9.73	%	$	677,973	4.00	%	$	847,446	5.00	%
CET1 Ratio (common equity tier 1 capital to risk weighted assets):
Consolidated	$	1,437,991	9.93	%	$	1,014,173	7.00	%			—N/A—
Ameris Bank	$	1,649,699	11.39	%	$	1,013,485	7.00	%	$	941,094	6.50	%
Tier 1 Capital Ratio (tier 1 capital to risk weighted assets):
Consolidated	$	1,437,991	9.93	%	$	1,231,495	8.50	%			—N/A—
Ameris Bank	$	1,649,699	11.39	%	$	1,230,661	8.50	%	$	1,158,269	8.00	%
Total Capital Ratio (total capital to risk weighted assets):
Consolidated	$	1,874,817	12.94	%	$	1,521,259	10.50	%			—N/A—
Ameris Bank	$	1,763,965	12.18	%	$	1,520,228	10.50	%	$	1,447,836	10.00	%

The CET1 Ratios, the Tier 1 Capital Ratios, and the Total Capital Ratios displayed in the above table under the heading “For Capital Adequacy Purposes” include a capital conservation buffer of 2.50% for December 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019.

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NOTE 23. SEGMENT REPORTING

The following table presents selected financial information with respect to the Company’s reportable business segments for the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018.


	Year Ended December 31, 2020
(dollars in thousands)	Banking Division		Retail Mortgage Division		Warehouse Lending Division		SBA Division		Premium Finance Division		Total
Interest income	$	499,031	$	129,951	$	26,522	$	40,334	$	30,665	$	726,503
Interest expense	27,800		47,592		2,631		7,244		3,483		88,750
Net interest income	471,231		82,359		23,891		33,090		27,182		637,753
Provision for credit losses	125,136		15,850		2,562		2,719		(887)		145,380
Noninterest income	63,165		370,256		3,864		9,200		15		446,500
Noninterest expense
Salaries and employee benefits	160,430		184,765		981		6,893		7,209		360,278
Occupancy and equipment expenses	44,939		6,710		4		391		305		52,349
Data processing and communications expenses	39,040		6,275		270		33		399		46,017
Other expenses	105,965		28,155		176		1,832		3,857		139,985
Total noninterest expense	350,374		225,905		1,431		9,149		11,770		598,629
Income before income tax expense	58,886		210,860		23,762		30,422		16,314		340,244
Income tax expense	19,138		44,286		5,004		6,389		3,439		78,256
Net income	$	39,748	$	166,574	$	18,758	$	24,033	$	12,875	$	261,988

Total assets	$	14,250,780	$	3,395,811	$	922,071	$	1,088,611	$	781,365	$	20,438,638
Goodwill	$	863,507	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	64,498	$	928,005
Other intangible assets, net	$	57,129	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	14,845	$	71,974


	Year Ended December 31, 2019
(dollars in thousands)	Banking Division		Retail Mortgage Division		Warehouse Lending Division		SBA Division		Premium Finance Division		Total
Interest income	$	478,340	$	88,129	$	22,370	$	12,735	$	34,820	$	636,394
Interest expense	59,327		43,577		9,753		5,704		12,867		131,228
Net interest income	419,013		44,552		12,617		7,031		21,953		505,166
Provision for credit losses	12,654		3,472		67		544		3,021		19,758
Noninterest income	69,005		118,188		1,999		8,915		6		198,113
Noninterest expense
Salaries and employee benefits	130,134		82,470		934		4,783		5,617		223,938
Occupancy and equipment expenses	35,281		4,666		5		269		375		40,596
Data processing and communications expenses	34,934		2,418		156		32		973		38,513
Other expenses	149,919		12,536		223		1,651		4,561		168,890
Total noninterest expense	350,268		102,090		1,318		6,735		11,526		471,937
Income before income tax expense	125,096		57,178		13,231		8,667		7,412		211,584
Income tax expense	31,609		12,202		2,778		1,820		1,734		50,143
Net income	$	93,487	$	44,976	$	10,453	$	6,847	$	5,678	$	161,441

Total assets	$	13,063,461	$	3,636,321	$	527,527	$	267,273	$	747,997	$	18,242,579
Goodwill	$	867,139	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	64,498	$	931,637
Other intangible assets, net	$	73,737	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	17,849	$	91,586

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	Year Ended December 31, 2018
(dollars in thousands)	Banking Division		Retail Mortgage Division		Warehouse Lending Division		SBA Division		Premium Finance Division		Total
Interest income	$	323,757	$	37,146	$	14,522	$	7,672	$	30,229	$	413,326
Interest expense	38,199		13,686		5,434		2,617		9,998		69,934
Net interest income	285,558		23,460		9,088		5,055		20,231		343,392
Provision for credit losses	4,486		584		—		1,137		10,460		16,667
Noninterest income	58,694		48,260		2,021		4,858		4,579		118,412
Noninterest expense
Salaries and employee benefits	100,716		39,469		547		2,709		5,691		149,132
Occupancy and equipment expenses	26,112		2,440		2		234		343		29,131
Data processing and communications expenses	27,026		1,425		122		19		1,793		30,385
Other expenses	71,788		6,998		238		1,298		4,677		84,999
Total noninterest expense	225,642		50,332		909		4,260		12,504		293,647
Income before income tax expense	114,124		20,804		10,200		4,516		1,846		151,490
Income tax expense	23,607		4,335		2,142		948		(569)		30,463
Net income	$	90,517	$	16,469	$	8,058	$	3,568	$	2,415	$	121,027

Total assets	$	9,290,437	$	1,153,615	$	360,839	$	139,671	$	498,953	$	11,443,515
Goodwill	$	438,144	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	65,290	$	503,434
Other intangible assets, net	$	37,836	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	20,853	$	58,689

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NOTE 24. CONDENSED FINANCIAL INFORMATION OF AMERIS BANCORP (PARENT COMPANY ONLY)

Condensed Balance Sheets

December 31, 2020 and 2019

(dollars in thousands)


	2020		2019
Assets
Cash and due from banks	$	167,643	$	102,392
Investment in subsidiaries	2,911,488		2,688,952
Other assets	16,564		16,667
Total assets	$	3,095,695	$	2,808,011

Liabilities
Other liabilities	$	24,212	$	19,220
Other borrowings	300,050		191,649
Subordinated deferrable interest debentures	124,345		127,560
Total liabilities	448,607		338,429
Shareholders' equity	2,647,088		2,469,582
Total liabilities and shareholders' equity	$	3,095,695	$	2,808,011

Condensed Statements of Income

Years Ended December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018

(dollars in thousands)


	2020		2019		2018
Income
Dividends from subsidiaries	$	93,000	$	67,200	$	46,000
Other income	910		493		4,726
Total income	93,910		67,693		50,726

Expense
Interest expense	17,616		16,264		12,670
Other expense	8,300		12,199		8,578
Total expense	25,916		28,463		21,248

Income before taxes and equity in undistributed income of subsidiaries	67,994		39,230		29,478
Income tax benefit	5,225		5,603		5,051
Income before equity in undistributed income of subsidiaries	73,219		44,833		34,529
Equity in undistributed income of subsidiaries	188,769		116,608		86,498
Net income	$	261,988	$	161,441	$	121,027

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Condensed Statements of Cash Flows

Years Ended December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018

(dollars in thousands)


	2020		2019		2018
OPERATING ACTIVITIES
Net income	$	261,988	$	161,441	$	121,027
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
Share-based compensation expense	3,810		3,424		6,241
Undistributed earnings of subsidiaries	(188,769)		(116,608)		(86,498)
Increase in interest payable	847		33		313
Decrease (increase) in tax receivable	6,001		(6,860)		1,436
Provision for deferred taxes	(1,225)		1,595		195
Gain on sale of equity security	—		(61)		—
Change attributable to other operating activities	7,652		(2,396)		(2,051)
Total adjustments	(171,684)		(120,873)		(80,364)
Net cash provided by operating activities	90,304		40,568		40,663

INVESTING ACTIVITIES
(Increase) decrease in other investments	(8,012)		282		—
Repayment of advances to subsidiary bank	—		10,000		—
Investment in subsidiary	(75,000)		—		—
Net cash proceeds received from (paid for) acquisitions	—		34,939		(90,542)
Proceeds from bank owned life insurance	2,383		—		—
Net cash (used in) provided by investing activities	(80,629)		45,221		(90,542)

FINANCING ACTIVITIES

Purchase of treasury shares	(7,995)		(18,410)		(2,062)
Dividends paid - common stock	(41,685)		(24,675)		(16,405)
Proceeds from other borrowings	108,149		117,572		70,000
Repayment of other borrowings	(5,155)		(70,000)		—
Proceeds from exercise of stock options	2,262		5,139		914
Net cash provided by financing activities	55,576		9,626		52,447

Net change in cash and cash equivalents	65,251		95,415		2,568
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of year	102,392		6,977		4,409
Cash and cash equivalents at end of year	$	167,643	$	102,392	$	6,977

SUPPLEMENTAL DISCLOSURE OF CASH FLOW INFORMATION
Cash paid during the year for interest	$	16,769	$	16,173	$	12,357
Cash received during the year for income taxes	$	(10,000)	$	—	$	(7,500)

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NOTE 25. QUARTERLY FINANCIAL DATA (unaudited)

The following tables set forth certain consolidated quarterly financial information of the Company for 2020 and 2019. During the first and second quarters of 2020, the Company recorded provision for credit losses of $41.0 million and $88.2 million, respectively, resulting from declines in forecast economic conditions related to the COVID-19 pandemic. During the third quarter of 2019, the Company recorded $65.2 million of pre-tax merger and conversion charges.


	Three Months Ended
(dollars in thousands, except per share data)	December 31, 2020		September 30, 2020		June 30, 2020		March 31, 2020
Selected Income Statement Data
Interest income	$	178,783	$	179,934	$	185,018	$	182,768
Interest expense	15,327		17,396		21,204		34,823
Net interest income	163,456		162,538		163,814		147,945
Provision for credit losses	(1,510)		17,682		88,161		41,047
Net interest income after provision for credit losses	164,966		144,856		75,653		106,898
Noninterest income	112,143		159,018		120,960		54,379
Other noninterest expense	151,116		153,736		154,873		137,513
Merger and conversion charges	—		(44)		895		540
Income before income taxes	125,993		150,182		40,845		23,224
Income tax	31,708		34,037		8,609		3,902
Net income	$	94,285	$	116,145	$	32,236	$	19,322

Per Share Data
Net income – basic	$	1.36	$	1.68	$	0.47	$	0.28
Net income – diluted	1.36		1.67		0.47		0.28
Common dividends - cash	0.15		0.15		0.15		0.15


	Three Months Ended
(dollars in thousands, except per share data)	December 31, 2019		September 30, 2019		June 30, 2019		March 31, 2019
Selected Income Statement Data
Interest income	$	194,076	$	188,361	$	129,028	$	124,929
Interest expense	38,725		39,592		27,377		25,534
Net interest income	155,351		148,769		101,651		99,395
Provision for credit losses	5,693		5,989		4,668		3,408
Net interest income after provision for credit losses	149,658		142,780		96,983		95,987
Noninterest income	55,113		76,993		35,236		30,771
Other noninterest expense	120,149		127,539		77,776		73,368
Merger and conversion charges	2,415		65,158		3,475		2,057
Income before income taxes	82,207		27,076		50,968		51,333
Income tax	20,959		5,692		12,064		11,428
Net income	$	61,248	$	21,384	$	38,904	$	39,905

Per Share Data
Net income – basic	$	0.88	$	0.31	$	0.82	$	0.84
Net income – diluted	0.88		0.31		0.82		0.84
Common dividends - cash	0.15		0.15		0.10		0.10

NOTE 26. LOAN SERVICING RIGHTS

The Company sells certain residential mortgage loans and SBA loans to third parties. All such transfers are accounted for as sales and the continuing involvement in the loans sold is limited to certain servicing responsibilities. The Company has also acquired portfolios of residential mortgage, SBA and indirect automobile loans serviced for others. Loan servicing rights are initially recorded at fair value and subsequently recorded at the lower of cost or fair value and are amortized over the remaining

F-77

service life of the loans, with consideration given to prepayment assumptions. Loan servicing rights are recorded in other assets on the consolidated balance sheets. The carrying value of the loan servicing rights assets is shown in the table below:


(dollars in thousands)	December 31, 2020		December 31, 2019
Loan Servicing Rights
Residential mortgage	$	130,630	$	94,902
SBA	5,839		7,886
Indirect automobile	73		247
Total loan servicing rights	$	136,542	$	103,035

Residential Mortgage Loans

The Company sells certain first-lien residential mortgage loans to third party investors, primarily Federal National Mortgage Association (“FNMA”), Government National Mortgage Association (“GNMA”), and Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation (“FHLMC”). The Company retains the related mortgage servicing rights (“MSRs”) and receives servicing fees on certain of these loans. The net gain on loan sales, MSRs amortization and recoveries/impairment, and ongoing servicing fees on the portfolio of loans serviced for others are recorded in the consolidated statements of income as part of mortgage banking activity.

During the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018, the Company recorded servicing fee income of $31.1 million, $14.0 million and $2.4 million, respectively. Servicing fee income includes servicing fees, late fees and ancillary fees earned for each period.

The table below is an analysis of the activity in the Company’s MSRs and impairment:


	Years Ended December 31,
(dollars in thousands)	2020		2019		2018
Residential mortgage servicing rights
Beginning carrying value, net	$	94,902	$	11,814	$	5,262
Additions	98,182		12,559		7,502
Addition due to acquisition	—		78,855		—
Amortization	(23,151)		(8,222)		(950)
(Impairment)/recoveries	(39,303)		(104)		—
Ending carrying value, net	$	130,630	$	94,902	$	11,814


	Years Ended December 31,
(dollars in thousands)	2020		2019		2018
Residential mortgage servicing impairment
Beginning balance	$	104	$	—	$	—
Additions	39,303		104		—
Recoveries	—		—		—
Ending balance	$	39,407	$	104	$	—

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The key metrics and the sensitivity of the residential mortgage servicing rights fair value to adverse changes in model inputs and/or assumptions are summarized below:


(dollars in thousands)	December 31, 2020			December 31, 2019
Residential mortgage servicing rights
Unpaid principal balance of loans serviced for others	$	13,764,529		$	8,469,600
Composition of residential loans serviced for others:
FHLMC	21.55		%	25.87		%
FNMA	61.75		%	65.35		%
GNMA	16.70		%	8.78		%
Total	100.00		%	100.00		%
Weighted average term (months)	340			341
Weighted average age (months)	20			33
Modeled prepayment speed	18.82		%	14.41		%
Decline in fair value due to a 10% adverse change	(7,154)			(4,455)
Decline in fair value due to a 20% adverse change	(13,664)			(8,520)
Weighted average discount rate	9.50		%	9.49		%
Decline in fair value due to a 10% adverse change	(4,304)			(3,557)
Decline in fair value due to a 20% adverse change	(8,321)			(6,810)

SBA Loans

All sales of SBA loans, consisting of the guaranteed portion, are executed on a servicing retained basis. These loans, which are partially guaranteed by the SBA, are generally secured by business property such as real estate, inventory, equipment and accounts receivable. The net gain on SBA loan sales, amortization and impairment/recoveries of servicing rights, and ongoing servicing fees are recorded in the consolidated statements of income as part of other noninterest income.

During the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018, the Company recorded servicing fee income of $4.4 million, $3.6 million and $2.1 million, respectively. Servicing fee income includes servicing fees, late fees and ancillary fees earned for each period.

The table below is an analysis of the activity in the Company’s SBA loan servicing rights and impairment:


	Years Ended December 31,
(dollars in thousands)	2020		2019		2018
SBA servicing rights
Beginning carrying value, net	$	7,886	$	3,012	$	1,988
Additions	1,571		1,004		1,714
Addition due to acquisition	—		5,242		—
Purchase accounting adjustment	(1,214)		—		—
Amortization	(1,640)		(1,231)		(690)
(Impairment)/recovery	(764)		(141)		—
Ending carrying value, net	$	5,839	$	7,886	$	3,012


	Years Ended December 31,
(dollars in thousands)	2020		2019		2018
SBA servicing impairment
Beginning balance	$	141	$	—	$	—
Additions	764		141		—
Recoveries	—		—		—
Ending balance	$	905	$	141	$	—

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The key metrics and the sensitivity of the SBA servicing rights fair value to adverse changes in model inputs and/or assumptions are summarized below:


(dollars in thousands)	December 31, 2020			December 31, 2019
SBA servicing rights
Unpaid principal balance of loans serviced for others	$	351,325		$	339,247
Weighted average life (in years)	3.46			3.81
Modeled prepayment speed	19.14		%	17.86		%
Decline in fair value due to a 10% adverse change	(335)			(299)
Decline in fair value due to a 20% adverse change	(636)			(570)
Weighted average discount rate	9.55		%	11.47		%
Decline in fair value due to a 100 basis point adverse change	(151)			(144)
Decline in fair value due to a 200 basis point adverse change	(295)			(280)

Indirect Automobile Loans

The Company acquired a portfolio of indirect automobile loans serviced for others. These loans, or portions of loans, were sold on a servicing retained basis. Amortization and impairment/recoveries of servicing rights, and ongoing servicing fees are recorded in the consolidated statements of income as part of other noninterest income. The Company is not actively originating or selling indirect automobile loans.


	Years Ended December 31,
(dollars in thousands)	2020		2019		2018
Indirect automobile servicing rights
Beginning carrying value, net	$	247	$	—	$	—
Addition due to acquisition	—		777		—
Amortization	(174)		(268)		—
Impairment	—		(262)		—
Ending carrying value, net	$	73	$	247	$	—

During the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018, the Company recorded servicing fee income of $1.7 million, $2.3 million and $0, respectively. Servicing fee income includes servicing fees, late fees and ancillary fees earned for each period.

F-80

SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, hereunto duly authorized.


	AMERIS BANCORP

Date: February 26, 2021	By:	/s/ H. Palmer Proctor, Jr.
		H. Palmer Proctor, Jr.,
		Chief Executive Officer (principal executive officer)

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the registrant and in their capacities indicated on February 26, 2021.


			/s/ H. Palmer Proctor, Jr.
			H. Palmer Proctor, Jr., Chief Executive Officer
			(principal executive officer)

			/s/ Nicole S. Stokes
			Nicole S. Stokes, Corporate EVP and Chief Financial Officer
			(principal accounting and financial officer)

			/s/ William I. Bowen, Jr.
			William I. Bowen, Jr., Director

			/s/ Rodney D. Bullard
			Rodney D. Bullard, Director

			/s/ Wm. Millard Choate
			Wm. Millard Choate, Director

			/s/ R. Dale Ezzell
			R. Dale Ezzell, Director

			/s/ Leo J. Hill
			Leo J. Hill, Director

			/s/ Daniel B. Jeter
			Daniel B. Jeter, Director

			/s/ Robert P. Lynch
			Robert P. Lynch, Director

			/s/ Elizabeth A. McCague
			Elizabeth A. McCague, Director
			(Continued)

F-81


			/s/ James B. Miller, Jr.
			James B. Miller, Jr., Executive Chairman

			/s/ Gloria A. O'Neal
			/ Gloria A. O'Neal, Director

			/s/ William H. Stern
			William H. Stern, Director

			/s/ Jimmy D. Veal
			Jimmy D. Veal, Director
			(Concluded)

F-82