Ameris Bancorp - Quarter Report: 2021 September (Form 10-Q)

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549


FORM			10-Q

(Mark One)


			☒			QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended September 30, 2021


			☐			TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934


Commission File Number:			001-13901


AMERIS BANCORP
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)


Georgia			58-1456434
(State of incorporation)			(IRS Employer ID No.)


3490 Piedmont Rd N.E., Suite 1550
Atlanta	Georgia	30305
(Address of principal executive offices)


(404)			639-6500
(Registrant’s telephone number)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:


Title of each class	Trading Symbol(s)	Name of each exchange on which registered
Common Stock, par value $1 per share	ABCB	Nasdaq Global Select Market

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ý No ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ý No ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.


Large accelerated filer	ý	Accelerated filer	☐

Non-accelerated filer	☐	Smaller reporting company	☐

		Emerging growth company	☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No ý

There were 69,635,191 shares of Common Stock outstanding as of October 31, 2021.

AMERIS BANCORP

TABLE OF CONTENTS


		Page

PART I – FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1.	Financial Statements.

	Consolidated Balance Sheets as of September 30, 2021 (unaudited) and December 31, 2020	1

	Consolidated Statements of Income and Comprehensive Income for the Three and Nin e -Month Periods Ended September 30, 2021 and 2020 (unaudited)	2

	Consolidated Statements of Shareholders’ Equity for the Three and Nine -Month Periods Ended September 30, 2021 and 2020 (unaudited)	3

	Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2021 and 2020 (unaudited)	5

	Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements	7

Item 2.	Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.	35

Item 3.	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk.	57

Item 4.	Controls and Procedures.	57

PART II – OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1.	Legal Proceedings.	58

Item 1A.	Risk Factors.	58

Item 2.	Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds.	58

Item 3.	Defaults Upon Senior Securities.	58

Item 4.	Mine Safety Disclosures.	58

Item 5.	Other Information.	58

Item 6.	Exhibits.	59

Signatures		60

Item 1. Financial Statements.

AMERIS BANCORP AND SUBSIDIARIES

Consolidated Balance Sheets

(dollars in thousands, except per share data)


	September 30, 2021 (unaudited)		December 31, 2020
Assets
Cash and due from banks	$	239,028	$	203,349
Federal funds sold and interest-bearing deposits in banks	3,513,412		1,913,957
Cash and cash equivalents	3,752,440		2,117,306

Time deposits in other banks	—		249
Debt securities available-for-sale, at fair value, net of allowance for credit losses of $— and $112	684,504		982,879
Debt securities held-to-maturity, at amortized cost, net of allowance for credit losses of $— and $— (fair value of $63,304 and $—)	64,451		—
Other investments	27,619		28,202
Loans held for sale (includes loans at fair value of $1,435,805 and $1,001,807)	1,435,805		1,167,659

Loans, net of unearned income	14,824,539		14,480,925
Allowance for credit losses	(171,213)		(199,422)
Loans, net	14,653,326		14,281,503

Other real estate owned, net	4,594		11,880
Premises and equipment, net	226,430		222,890
Goodwill	928,005		928,005
Other intangible assets, net	60,396		71,974
Cash value of bank owned life insurance	279,389		176,467
Deferred income taxes, net	4,329		33,314
Other assets	411,853		416,310
Total assets	$	22,533,141	$	20,438,638

Liabilities
Deposits:
Noninterest-bearing	$	7,616,728	$	6,151,070
Interest-bearing	11,216,761		10,806,753
Total deposits	18,833,489		16,957,823
Securities sold under agreements to repurchase	4,502		11,641
Other borrowings	425,375		425,155
Subordinated deferrable interest debentures	125,830		124,345
Other liabilities	243,175		272,586
Total liabilities	19,632,371		17,791,550

Commitments and Contingencies (Note 9)

Shareholders’ Equity
Preferred stock, stated value $1,000; 5,000,000 shares authorized; 0 shares issued and outstanding	—		—
Common stock, par value $1; 200,000,000 shares authorized; 72,015,926 and 71,753,705 shares issued	72,016		71,754
Capital surplus	1,922,964		1,913,285
Retained earnings	934,979		671,510
Accumulated other comprehensive income, net of tax	21,885		33,505
Treasury stock, at cost, 2,380,491 and 2,212,224 shares	(51,074)		(42,966)
Total shareholders’ equity	2,900,770		2,647,088
Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity	$	22,533,141	$	20,438,638

See notes to unaudited consolidated financial statements.

AMERIS BANCORP AND SUBSIDIARIES

Consolidated Statements of Income and Comprehensive Income (unaudited)

(dollars and shares in thousands, except per share data)


	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2021		2020		2021		2020
Interest income
Interest and fees on loans	$	166,358	$	172,351	$	505,276	$	518,938
Interest on taxable securities	5,296		7,259		16,658		26,688
Interest on nontaxable securities	139		159		419		473
Interest on deposits in other banks and federal funds sold	1,253		165		2,394		1,621
Total interest income	173,046		179,934		524,747		547,720

Interest expense
Interest on deposits	5,106		11,822		17,679		50,197
Interest on other borrowings	6,279		5,574		18,578		23,226
Total interest expense	11,385		17,396		36,257		73,423

Net interest income	161,661		162,538		488,490		474,297
Provision for loan losses	(3,984)		26,692		(21,462)		132,188
Provision for unfunded commitments	(5,516)		(10,131)		(16,056)		13,581
Provision for other credit losses	(175)		1,121		(606)		1,121
Provision for credit losses	(9,675)		17,682		(38,124)		146,890
Net interest income after provision for credit losses	171,336		144,856		526,614		327,407

Noninterest income
Service charges on deposit accounts	11,486		10,914		33,322		32,680
Mortgage banking activity	56,460		138,627		225,177		278,885
Other service charges, commissions and fees	1,154		1,039		3,226		2,949
Net gain on securities	530		—		519		5
Other noninterest income	6,932		8,438		21,531		19,838
Total noninterest income	76,562		159,018		283,775		334,357

Noninterest expense
Salaries and employee benefits	79,671		96,698		261,161		267,812
Occupancy and equipment	11,979		13,805		34,572		39,640
Data processing and communications expenses	10,681		12,226		34,442		34,694
Credit resolution-related expenses	377		802		1,546		3,950
Advertising and marketing	2,676		966		6,053		4,779
Amortization of intangible assets	3,387		4,190		11,578		15,422
Merger and conversion charges	183		(44)		183		1,391
Other noninterest expenses	28,242		25,049		72,220		79,825
Total noninterest expense	137,196		153,692		421,755		447,513

Income before income tax expense	110,702		150,182		388,634		214,251
Income tax expense	29,022		34,037		93,665		46,548
Net income	81,680		116,145		294,969		167,703

Other comprehensive income (loss)
Net unrealized holding gains (losses) arising during period on investment securities available-for-sale, net of tax expense (benefit) of $(834), $(663), $(3,089) and $5,080	(3,139)		(2,494)		(11,620)		19,110


Net unrealized gains on cash flow hedge during the period, net of tax benefit of $0, $35, $0 and $39	—		133		—		147
Total other comprehensive income (loss)	(3,139)		(2,361)		(11,620)		19,257
Comprehensive income	$	78,541	$	113,784	$	283,349	$	186,960

Basic earnings per common share	$	1.18	$	1.68	$	4.25	$	2.42
Diluted earnings per common share	$	1.17	$	1.67	$	4.23	$	2.42
Weighted average common shares outstanding
Basic	69,440		69,231		69,445		69,243
Diluted	69,756		69,346		69,772		69,403

See notes to unaudited consolidated financial statements.

AMERIS BANCORP AND SUBSIDIARIES

Consolidated Statements of Shareholders’ Equity (unaudited)

(dollars in thousands)


	Three Months Ended September 30, 2021

	Common Stock			Capital Surplus		Retained Earnings		Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income, Net of Tax		Treasury Stock			Total Shareholders' Equity
	Shares	Amount								Shares	Amount
Balance, June 30, 2021	72,007,871	$	72,008	$	1,920,566	$	863,828	$	25,024	2,240,662	$	(44,422)	$	2,837,004


Forfeitures of restricted shares	(1,945)	(2)		(31)		—		—		—	—		(33)
Proceeds from exercise of stock options	10,000	10		278		—		—		—	—		288
Share-based compensation	—	—		2,151		—		—		—	—		2,151
Purchase of treasury shares	—	—		—		—		—		139,829	(6,652)		(6,652)
Net income	—	—		—		81,680		—		—	—		81,680
Dividends on common shares ($0.15 per share)	—	—		—		(10,529)		—		—	—		(10,529)

Other comprehensive loss during the period	—	—		—		—		(3,139)		—	—		(3,139)
Balance, September 30, 2021	72,015,926	$	72,016	$	1,922,964	$	934,979	$	21,885	2,380,491	$	(51,074)	$	2,900,770


	Nine Months Ended September 30, 2021

	Common Stock			Capital Surplus		Retained Earnings		Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income, Net of Tax		Treasury Stock			Total Shareholders' Equity
	Shares	Amount								Shares	Amount
Balance, December 31, 2020	71,753,705	$	71,754	$	1,913,285	$	671,510	$	33,505	2,212,224	$	(42,966)	$	2,647,088

Issuance of restricted shares	99,308	99		500		—		—		—	—		599
Forfeitures of restricted shares	(2,695)	(3)		(50)		—		—		—	—		(53)
Proceeds from exercise of stock options	165,608	166		4,333		—		—		—	—		4,499
Share-based compensation	—	—		4,896		—		—		—	—		4,896
Purchase of treasury shares	—	—		—		—		—		168,267	(8,108)		(8,108)
Net income	—	—		—		294,969		—		—	—		294,969
Dividends on common shares ($0.45 per share)	—	—		—		(31,500)		—		—	—		(31,500)

Other comprehensive loss during the period	—	—		—		—		(11,620)		—	—		(11,620)
Balance, September 30, 2021	72,015,926	$	72,016	$	1,922,964	$	934,979	$	21,885	2,380,491	$	(51,074)	$	2,900,770

AMERIS BANCORP AND SUBSIDIARIES

Consolidated Statements of Shareholders’ Equity (unaudited)

(dollars in thousands)


	Three Months Ended September 30, 2020

	Common Stock			Capital Surplus		Retained Earnings		Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income, Net of Tax		Treasury Stock			Total Shareholders' Equity
	Shares	Amount								Shares	Amount
Balance, June 30, 2020	71,674,087	$	71,674	$	1,909,839	$	481,948	$	39,613	2,211,305	$	(42,944)	$	2,460,130

Issuance of restricted shares	12,500	13		(13)		—		—		—	—		—

Proceeds from exercise of stock options	16,000	16		264		—		—		—	—		280
Share-based compensation	—	—		941		—		—		—	—		941
Purchase of treasury shares	—	—		—		—		—		736	(16)		(16)
Net income	—	—		—		116,145		—		—	—		116,145
Dividends on common shares ($0.15 per share)	—	—		—		(10,436)		—		—	—		(10,436)


Other comprehensive loss during the period	—	—		—		—		(2,361)		—	—		(2,361)
Balance, September 30, 2020	71,702,587	$	71,703	$	1,911,031	$	587,657	$	37,252	2,212,041	$	(42,960)	$	2,564,683


	Nine Months Ended September 30, 2020

	Common Stock			Capital Surplus		Retained Earnings		Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income, Net of Tax		Treasury Stock			Total Shareholders' Equity
	Shares	Amount								Shares	Amount
Balance, December 31, 2019	71,499,829	$	71,500	$	1,907,108	$	507,950	$	17,995	1,995,996	$	(34,971)	$	2,469,582

Issuance of restricted shares	164,476	164		125		—		—		—	—		289
Forfeitures of restricted shares	(11,250)	(11)		(159)		—		—		—	—		(170)
Proceeds from exercise of stock options	49,532	50		931		—		—		—	—		981
Share-based compensation	—	—		3,026		—		—		—	—		3,026
Purchase of treasury shares	—	—		—		—		—		216,045	(7,989)		(7,989)
Net income	—	—		—		167,703		—		—	—		167,703
Dividends on common shares ($0.45 per share)	—	—		—		(31,292)		—		—	—		(31,292)

Cumulative effect of change in accounting for credit losses	—	—		—		(56,704)		—		—	—		(56,704)
Other comprehensive income during the period	—	—		—		—		19,257		—	—		19,257
Balance, September 30, 2020	71,702,587	$	71,703	$	1,911,031	$	587,657	$	37,252	2,212,041	$	(42,960)	$	2,564,683

See notes to unaudited consolidated financial statements.

AMERIS BANCORP AND SUBSIDIARIES

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (unaudited)

(dollars in thousands)


	Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2021		2020
Operating Activities
Net income	$	294,969	$	167,703
Adjustments reconciling net income to net cash provided by (used in) operating activities:
Depreciation	12,864		11,843
Net (gains) losses on sale or disposal of premises and equipment	3,200		(125)
Net write-downs on other assets	260		1,366
Provision for credit losses	(38,124)		146,890
Net write-downs and (gains) losses on sale of other real estate owned	(581)		715
Share-based compensation expense	5,884		2,708
Amortization of intangible assets	11,578		15,422
Amortization of operating lease right of use assets	12,389		12,408
Provision for deferred taxes	32,074		(28,652)
Net amortization of investment securities available-for-sale	2,534		4,702
Net amortization of investment securities held-to-maturity	14		—
Net gain on securities	(519)		(5)
Accretion of discount on purchased loans, net	(13,537)		(22,663)
Net amortization on other borrowings	330		152
Amortization of subordinated deferrable interest debentures	1,485		1,455
Loan servicing asset impairment (recovery)	(9,990)		30,566
Originations of mortgage loans held for sale	(6,231,286)		(6,492,434)
Payments received on mortgage loans held for sale	38,178		38,919
Proceeds from sales of mortgage loans held for sale	5,752,055		6,888,287
Net gains on mortgage loans held for sale	(126,533)		(270,503)
Originations of SBA loans	(51,155)		(104,160)
Proceeds from sales of SBA loans	54,861		99,369
Net gains on sale of SBA loans	(5,059)		(6,250)
Increase in cash surrender value of bank owned life insurance	(3,628)		(2,768)
Gain on bank owned life insurance proceeds	(603)		(948)
Net gains on other loans held for sale	(457)		—

Changes in FDIC loss-share payable, net of cash payments	—		223
Change attributable to other operating activities	1,244		(114,858)
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities	(257,553)		379,362

Investing Activities, net of effects of business combinations
Proceeds from maturities of time deposits in other banks	249		—

Purchases of investment securities held-to-maturity	(64,517)		—
Proceeds from maturities and paydowns of securities available-for-sale	281,244		306,886

Proceeds from maturities and paydowns of securities held-to-maturity	52		—
Net decrease in other investments	1,102		18,095
Net increase in loans	(215,289)		(2,029,595)
Purchases of premises and equipment	(21,990)		(14,164)
Proceeds from sale of premises and equipment	993		421
Proceeds from sales of other real estate owned	10,141		7,777
Payments paid to FDIC under loss-share agreements	—		(389)
Purchases of bank owned life insurance	(100,000)		—
Proceeds from bank owned life insurance	1,309		3,381
Payments received on other loans held for sale	9,136		—
Proceeds from sales of other loans held for sale	156,803		—
Net cash and cash equivalents received from acquisitions	—		(2,417)
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities	59,233		(1,710,005)

			(Continued)

AMERIS BANCORP AND SUBSIDIARIES

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (unaudited)

(dollars in thousands)


	Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2021		2020
Financing Activities, net of effects of business combinations
Net increase in deposits	$	1,875,666	$	2,038,847
Net decrease in securities sold under agreements to repurchase	(7,139)		(11,532)
Proceeds from other borrowings	—		7,053,149
Repayment of other borrowings	(110)		(7,576,455)
Repayment of subordinated deferrable interest debentures	—		(5,155)

Proceeds from exercise of stock options	4,499		981
Dividends paid - common stock	(31,354)		(31,262)
Purchase of treasury shares	(8,108)		(7,988)
Net cash provided by financing activities	1,833,454		1,460,585

Net increase in cash and cash equivalents	1,635,134		129,942
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period	2,117,306		621,849
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period	$	3,752,440	$	751,791

Supplemental Disclosures of Cash Flow Information
Cash paid during the period for:
Interest	$	35,389	$	78,705
Income taxes	55,651		56,371
Loans transferred to other real estate owned	2,274		6,871
Loans transferred from loans held for sale to loans held for investment	134,941		135,689
Loans transferred from loans held for investment to loans held for sale	—		46,845
Loans provided for the sales of other real estate owned	1,052		592


Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for new operating lease liabilities	10,270		11,040




Change in unrealized gain (loss) on securities available-for-sale, net of tax	(11,620)		19,109
Change in unrealized gain on cash flow hedge, net of tax	—		147

			(Concluded)

See notes to unaudited consolidated financial statements.

AMERIS BANCORP AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements

September 30, 2021

NOTE 1 – BASIS OF PRESENTATION AND ACCOUNTING POLICIES

Nature of Business

Ameris Bancorp (the “Company” or “Ameris”) is a financial holding company headquartered in Atlanta, Georgia. Ameris conducts substantially all of its operations through its wholly owned banking subsidiary, Ameris Bank (the “Bank”). At September 30, 2021, the Bank operated 165 branches in select markets in Georgia, Alabama, Florida, North Carolina and South Carolina. Our business model capitalizes on the efficiencies of a large financial services company, while still providing the community with the personalized banking service expected by our customers. We manage our Bank through a balance of decentralized management responsibilities and efficient centralized operating systems, products and loan underwriting standards. The Company’s Board of Directors and senior managers establish corporate policy, strategy and administrative policies. Within our established guidelines and policies, the banker closest to the customer responds to the differing needs and demands of his or her unique market.

Basis of Presentation

The accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements for Ameris have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America for interim financial information and Regulation S-X. Accordingly, the financial statements do not include all of the information and footnotes required by accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”) for complete financial statement presentation. The interim consolidated financial statements included herein are unaudited but reflect all adjustments, consisting of normal recurring adjustments, which, in the opinion of management, are necessary for a fair presentation of the consolidated financial position and results of operations for the interim periods presented. All significant intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. The results of operations for the period ended September 30, 2021 are not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected for the full year. These financial statements should be read in conjunction with the financial statements and notes thereto included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2020.

In preparing the consolidated financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America, management is required to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities as of the date of the balance sheet and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

Cash and Cash Equivalents

For purposes of reporting cash flows, cash and cash equivalents include cash on hand, cash items in process of collection, amounts due from banks, interest-bearing deposits in banks and federal funds sold. The Bank is required to maintain reserve balances in cash or on deposit with the Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta. The required reserve rate was set to 0% effective March 26, 2020 and, accordingly, the Bank had no reserve requirement at September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020.

Reclassifications

Certain reclassifications of prior year amounts have been made to conform with the current year presentations. The reclassifications had no effect on net income or shareholders' equity as previously reported.

Accounting Standards Adopted in 2021

ASU 2019-12 – Income Taxes (Topic 740): Simplifying the Accounting for Income Taxes ("ASU 2019-12"). ASU 2019-12 simplifies the accounting for income taxes by removing certain technical exceptions. ASU 2019-12 also clarifies and amends the accounting for income taxes in certain areas including, among others: (i) franchise taxes that are partially based on income; (ii) whether step ups in the tax basis of goodwill should be considered part of the acquisition to which it related or recognized as a separate transaction; and (iii) requiring the effect of an enacted change in tax laws or rates to be reflected in the annual effective tax rate computation in the interim period that includes the enactment date. During the first quarter of 2021, the Company adopted this ASU and applied the amendments in this update on a modified retrospective basis for the provision related to franchise taxes and prospectively for all other amendments. The adoption did not have a material impact on the Company's consolidated financial statements.

Accounting Standards Pending Adoption

ASU No. 2021-01 – Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848): Scope ("ASU 2021-01"). ASU 2021-01 clarifies that certain optional expedients and exceptions in ASC 848 for contract modifications and hedge accounting apply to derivatives that are affected by the discounting transition. ASU 2021-01 also amends the expedients and exceptions in ASC 848 to capture the incremental consequences of the scope clarification and to tailor the existing guidance to derivative instruments affected by the discounting transition. Because the guidance is intended to assist stakeholders during the global market-wide reference rate transition period, it is in effect for a limited time, from March 12, 2020 through December 31, 2022. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of adopting ASU 2021-01 on the consolidated financial statements.

ASU No. 2020-04 – Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848): Facilitation of the Effects of Reference Rate Reform on Financial Reporting ("ASU 2020-04"). ASU 2020-04 provides optional guidance, for a limited time, to ease the potential burden in accounting for or recognizing the effects of reference rate reform on financial reporting. The amendments, which are elective, provide expedients and exceptions for applying GAAP to contract modifications and hedging relationships affected by reference rate reform if certain criteria are met. The amendments apply only to contracts and hedging relationships that reference LIBOR or another reference rate that is expected to be discontinued due to reference rate reform. The optional expedients for contract modifications apply consistently for all contracts or transactions within the relevant Codification Topic, Subtopic, or Industry Subtopic that contains the guidance that otherwise would be required to be applied, while those for hedging relationships can be elected on an individual hedging relationship basis. Because the guidance is intended to assist stakeholders during the global market-wide reference rate transition period, it is in effect for a limited time, from March 12, 2020 through December 31, 2022. The Company has established a working committee with representatives from relevant functional areas to inventory the contracts and accounts that are tied to LIBOR and develop a transition plan for the affected items. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of adopting ASU 2020-04 on the consolidated financial statements.

NOTE 2 – INVESTMENT SECURITIES

The amortized cost and estimated fair value of securities available-for-sale along with allowance for credit losses, gross unrealized gains and losses are summarized as follows:


(dollars in thousands) Securities available-for-sale	Amortized Cost		Allowance for Credit Losses		Gross Unrealized Gains		Gross Unrealized Losses		Estimated Fair Value
September 30, 2021
U.S. government sponsored agencies	$	12,102	$	—	$	150	$	—	$	12,252
State, county and municipal securities	51,541		—		2,675		—		54,216
Corporate debt securities	33,397		—		722		(121)		33,998
SBA pool securities	46,354		—		1,629		(66)		47,917
Mortgage-backed securities	513,408		—		22,718		(5)		536,121
Total debt securities available-for-sale	$	656,802	$	—	$	27,894	$	(192)	$	684,504

December 31, 2020
U.S. government sponsored agencies	$	17,161	$	—	$	343	$	—	$	17,504
State, county and municipal securities	63,286		—		3,492		—		66,778
Corporate debt securities	51,639		(112)		602		(233)		51,896
SBA pool securities	59,973		—		2,620		(96)		62,497
Mortgage-backed securities	748,521		—		35,797		(114)		784,204
Total debt securities available-for-sale	$	940,580	$	(112)	$	42,854	$	(443)	$	982,879

The amortized cost and estimated fair value of securities held-to-maturity along with gross unrealized gains and losses are summarized as follows:


(dollars in thousands) Securities held-to-maturity	Amortized Cost		Gross Unrealized Gains		Gross Unrealized Losses		Estimated Fair Value
September 30, 2021

State, county and municipal securities	$	3,905	$	—	$	(121)	$	3,784


Mortgage-backed securities	60,546		—		(1,026)		59,520
Total debt securities held-to-maturity	$	64,451	$	—	$	(1,147)	$	63,304

The amortized cost and estimated fair value of debt securities available-for-sale and held-to-maturity as of September 30, 2021, by contractual maturity are shown below. Maturities may differ from contractual maturities in mortgage-backed securities because the mortgages underlying these securities may be called or repaid without penalty. Therefore, these securities are not included in the maturity categories in the following maturity summary:


	Available-for-Sale				Held-to-Maturity
(dollars in thousands)	Amortized Cost		Estimated Fair Value		Amortized Cost		Estimated Fair Value
Due in one year or less	$	17,228	$	17,357	$	—	$	—
Due from one year to five years	34,212		35,780		—		—
Due from five to ten years	52,456		54,242		—		—
Due after ten years	39,498		41,004		3,905		3,784
Mortgage-backed securities	513,408		536,121		60,546		59,520
	$	656,802	$	684,504	$	64,451	$	63,304

Securities with a carrying value of approximately $354.2 million and $438.7 million at September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively, serve as collateral to secure public deposits, securities sold under agreements to repurchase and for other purposes required or permitted by law.

The following table shows the gross unrealized losses and estimated fair value of available-for-sale securities aggregated by category and length of time that securities have been in a continuous unrealized loss position at September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020:


	Less Than 12 Months				12 Months or More				Total
(dollars in thousands) Securities available-for-sale	Estimated Fair Value		Unrealized Losses		Estimated Fair Value		Unrealized Losses		Estimated Fair Value		Unrealized Losses
September 30, 2021


Corporate debt securities	$	—	$	—	$	1,380	$	(121)	$	1,380	$	(121)
SBA pool securities	—		—		2,754		(66)		2,754		(66)
Mortgage-backed securities	3,034		(5)		137		—		3,171		(5)
Total debt securities available-for-sale	$	3,034	$	(5)	$	4,271	$	(187)	$	7,305	$	(192)

December 31, 2020


Corporate debt securities	$	10,159	$	(233)	$	—	$	—	$	10,159	$	(233)
SBA pool securities	—		—		3,948		(96)		3,948		(96)
Mortgage-backed securities	24,120		(114)		2		—		24,122		(114)
Total debt securities available-for-sale	$	34,279	$	(347)	$	3,950	$	(96)	$	38,229	$	(443)

As of September 30, 2021, the Company’s available-for-sale security portfolio consisted of 450 securities, 13 of which were in an unrealized loss position. At September 30, 2021, the Company held six mortgage-backed securities that were in an unrealized loss position, all of which were issued by U.S. government-sponsored entities and agencies. At September 30, 2021, the Company held five U.S. Small Business Administration (“SBA”) pool securities and two corporate securities that were in an unrealized loss position.

The following table shows the gross unrealized losses and estimated fair value of held-to-maturity securities aggregated by category and length of time that securities have been in a continuous unrealized loss position at September 30, 2021:


	Less Than 12 Months				12 Months or More				Total
(dollars in thousands) Securities held-to-maturity	Estimated Fair Value		Unrealized Losses		Estimated Fair Value		Unrealized Losses		Estimated Fair Value		Unrealized Losses
September 30, 2021

State, county and municipal securities	$	3,784	$	(121)	$	—	$	—	$	3,784	$	(121)


Mortgage-backed securities	59,520		(1,026)		—		—		59,520		(1,026)
Total debt securities held-to-maturity	$	63,304	$	(1,147)	$	—	$	—	$	63,304	$	(1,147)

As of September 30, 2021, the Company’s held-to-maturity security portfolio consisted of 11 securities, 11 of which were in an unrealized loss position. At September 30, 2021, the Company held nine mortgage-backed securities and two state, county and municipal securities that were in an unrealized loss position.

During 2021 and 2020, the Company received timely and current interest and principal payments on all of the securities classified as corporate debt securities. The Company’s investments in subordinated debt include investments in regional and super-regional banks on which the Company prepares regular analysis through review of financial information and credit ratings. Investments in preferred securities are also concentrated in the preferred obligations of regional and super-regional banks through non-pooled investment structures. The Company did not have investments in “pooled” trust preferred securities at September 30, 2021 or December 31, 2020.

At September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, all of the Company’s mortgage-backed securities were obligations of government-sponsored agencies.

Management and the Company’s Asset and Liability Committee (the “ALCO Committee”) evaluate available-for-sale securities in an unrealized loss position on at least a quarterly basis, and more frequently when economic or market concerns warrant such evaluation, to determine if credit-related impairment exists. Management first evaluates whether they intend to sell or more likely than not will be required to sell an impaired security before recovering its amortized cost basis. If either criteria is met, the entire amount of unrealized loss is recognized in earnings with a corresponding adjustment to the security's amortized cost basis. If either of the above criteria is not met, management evaluates whether the decline in fair value is attributable to credit or resulted from other factors. The Company does not intend to sell these available-for-sale investment securities at an unrealized loss position at September 30, 2021, and it is more likely than not that the Company will not be required to sell these securities prior to recovery or maturity. Based on the results of management's review, at September 30, 2021, management determined that none were attributable to credit impairment and reversed the previously established allowance for credit losses accordingly. The $192,000 in unrealized loss was determined to be from factors other than credit.


(dollars in thousands)	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
Allowance for credit losses	2021		2020		2021		2020
Beginning balance	$	81	$	—	$	112	$	—
Provision for expected credit losses	(81)		68		(112)		68
Ending balance	$	—	$	68	$	—	$	68

The Company's held-to-maturity securities have zero expected credit losses and no related allowance for credit losses has been established.

Total net gain on securities reported on the consolidated statements of income and comprehensive income is comprised of the following for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020:


	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
(dollars in thousands)	2021		2020		2021		2020

Unrealized holding gains (losses) on equity securities	$	(2)	$	—	$	(13)	$	5
Net realized gains on sales of other investments	532		—		532		—
Total gain on securities	$	530	$	—	$	519	$	5

NOTE 3 – LOANS AND ALLOWANCE FOR CREDIT LOSSES

Loans are stated at amortized cost. Balances within the major loans receivable categories are presented in the following table:


(dollars in thousands)	September 30, 2021		December 31, 2020
Commercial, financial and agricultural	$	1,217,575	$	1,627,477
Consumer installment	207,111		306,995
Indirect automobile	325,057		580,083
Mortgage warehouse	768,577		916,353
Municipal	624,430		659,403
Premium finance	840,737		687,841
Real estate – construction and development	1,454,824		1,606,710
Real estate – commercial and farmland	6,409,704		5,300,006
Real estate – residential	2,976,524		2,796,057
	$	14,824,539	$	14,480,925

Included in commercial, financial and agricultural loans at September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020 above are $280.4 million and $827.4 million, respectively, related to the SBA's Paycheck Protection Program (“PPP”). Accrued interest receivable on loans is reported in other assets on the consolidated balance sheets totaling $57.2 million and $73.4 million at September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively. The Company recorded an allowance for credit losses of $224,000 and $718,000 related to deferred interest on loans modified under its Disaster Relief Program at September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively.

Nonaccrual and Past-Due Loans

A loan is placed on nonaccrual status when, in management’s judgment, the collection of the interest income appears doubtful. Interest receivable that has been accrued and is subsequently determined to have doubtful collectability is charged to interest income. Interest on loans that are classified as nonaccrual is subsequently applied to principal until the loans are returned to accrual status. The Company’s loan policy states that a nonaccrual loan may be returned to accrual status when (i) none of its principal and interest is due and unpaid, and the Company expects repayment of the remaining contractual principal and interest, or (ii) it otherwise becomes well secured and in the process of collection. Restoration to accrual status on any given loan must be supported by a well-documented credit evaluation of the borrower’s financial condition and the prospects for full repayment, approved by the Company’s Chief Credit Officer. Past-due loans are loans whose principal or interest is past due 30 days or more. In some cases, where borrowers are experiencing financial difficulties, loans may be restructured to provide terms significantly different from the original contractual terms.

The following table presents an analysis of loans accounted for on a nonaccrual basis:


(dollars in thousands)	September 30, 2021		December 31, 2020
Commercial, financial and agricultural	$	5,709	$	9,836
Consumer installment	462		709
Indirect automobile	1,002		2,831



Real estate – construction and development	1,564		5,407
Real estate – commercial and farmland	17,459		18,517
Real estate – residential	32,736		39,157
	$	58,932	$	76,457

There was no interest income recognized on nonaccrual loans during the nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020.

The following table presents an analysis of nonaccrual loans with no related allowance for credit losses:


(dollars in thousands)	September 30, 2021		December 31, 2020
Commercial, financial and agricultural	$	221	$	764





Real estate – construction and development	323		416
Real estate – commercial and farmland	2,815		7,015
Real estate – residential	3,765		5,299
	$	7,124	$	13,494

The following table presents an analysis of past-due loans as of September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020:


(dollars in thousands)	Loans 30-59 Days Past Due		Loans 60-89 Days Past Due		Loans 90 or More Days Past Due		Total Loans Past Due		Current Loans		Total Loans		Loans 90 Days or More Past Due and Still Accruing
September 30, 2021
Commercial, financial and agricultural	$	2,271	$	1,569	$	2,060	$	5,900	$	1,211,675	$	1,217,575	$	2
Consumer installment	1,549		804		910		3,263		203,848		207,111		569
Indirect automobile	699		284		515		1,498		323,559		325,057		—
Mortgage warehouse	—		—		—		—		768,577		768,577		—
Municipal	—		—		—		—		624,430		624,430		—
Premium finance	7,264		4,967		5,881		18,112		822,625		840,737		5,881
Real estate – construction and development	22,290		3,181		1,899		27,370		1,427,454		1,454,824		1,020
Real estate – commercial and farmland	9,373		1,166		6,410		16,949		6,392,755		6,409,704		—
Real estate – residential	3,357		5,209		28,394		36,960		2,939,564		2,976,524		—
Total	$	46,803	$	17,180	$	46,069	$	110,052	$	14,714,487	$	14,824,539	$	7,472

December 31, 2020
Commercial, financial and agricultural	$	4,576	$	2,018	$	5,652	$	12,246	$	1,615,231	$	1,627,477	$	—
Consumer installment	2,189		1,114		2,318		5,621		301,374		306,995		1,755
Indirect automobile	3,293		1,006		2,171		6,470		573,613		580,083		—
Mortgage warehouse	—		—		—		—		916,353		916,353		—
Municipal	—		—		—		—		659,403		659,403		—
Premium finance	7,188		3,895		6,571		17,654		670,187		687,841		6,571
Real estate – construction and development	13,348		723		5,150		19,221		1,587,489		1,606,710		—
Real estate – commercial and farmland	5,370		1,701		8,651		15,722		5,284,284		5,300,006		—
Real estate – residential	20,519		3,125		34,081		57,725		2,738,332		2,796,057		—
Total	$	56,483	$	13,582	$	64,594	$	134,659	$	14,346,266	$	14,480,925	$	8,326

Collateral-Dependent Loans

Collateral-dependent loans are loans where repayment is expected to be provided substantially through the operation or sale of the collateral when the borrower is experiencing financial difficulty. If the Company determines that foreclosure is probable, these loans are written down to the lower of cost or fair value of the collateral less estimated costs to sell. When repayment is expected to be from the operation of the collateral, the allowance for credit losses is calculated as the amount by which the amortized cost basis of the financial asset exceeds the present value of expected cash flows from the operation of the collateral.

The Company may, in the alternative, measure the allowance for credit loss as the amount by which the amortized cost basis of the financial asset exceeds the estimated fair value of the collateral.

The following table presents an analysis of individually evaluated collateral-dependent financial assets and related allowance for credit losses:


	September 30, 2021				December 31, 2020
(dollars in thousands)	Balance		Allowance for Credit Losses		Balance		Allowance for Credit Losses
Commercial, financial and agricultural	$	2,870	$	704	$	5,490	$	2,252




Premium finance	2,315		97		3,523		—
Real estate – construction and development	1,316		212		4,173		512
Real estate – commercial and farmland	50,744		10,161		100,180		21,001
Real estate – residential	14,633		2,124		9,716		891
	$	71,878	$	13,298	$	123,082	$	24,656

Credit Quality Indicators

The Company uses a nine category risk grading system to assign a risk grade to each loan in the portfolio. The following is a description of the general characteristics of the grades:

Pass (Grades 1 - 5) – These grades represent acceptable credit risk to the Company based on factors including creditworthiness of the borrower, current performance and nature of the collateral.

Other Assets Especially Mentioned (Grade 6) – This grade includes loans that exhibit potential weaknesses that deserve management’s close attention. If left uncorrected, these weaknesses may result in deterioration of the repayment prospects for the asset or in the Company’s credit position at some future date.

Substandard (Grade 7) – This grade represents loans which are inadequately protected by the current credit worthiness and paying capacity of the borrower or of the collateral pledged, if any. These assets exhibit a well-defined weakness or are characterized by the distinct possibility that the Bank will sustain some loss if the deficiencies are not corrected. These weaknesses may be characterized by past due performance, operating losses or questionable collateral values.

Doubtful (Grade 8) – This grade includes loans which exhibit all of the characteristics of a substandard loan with the added provision that the weaknesses make collection or liquidation in full, on the basis of currently existing facts, conditions and values, highly questionable or improbable.

Loss (Grade 9) – This grade is assigned to loans which are considered uncollectible and of such little value that their continuance as active assets of the Bank is not warranted. This classification does not mean that the loan has absolutely no recovery or salvage value, but rather it is not practical or desirable to defer writing it off.

The following tables present the loan portfolio's amortized cost by class of financing receivable, risk grade and year of origination (in thousands) as of September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020. Generally, current period renewals of credit are underwritten again at the point of renewal and considered current period originations for purposes of the tables below. The Company had an immaterial amount of revolving loans which converted to term loans and the amortized cost basis of those loans is included in the applicable origination year. There were no loans risk graded 9 at September 30, 2021 or December 31, 2020.


As of September 30, 2021	Term Loans by Origination Year												Revolving Loans Amortized Cost Basis
	2021		2020		2019		2018		2017		Prior				Total

Commercial, Financial and Agricultural
Risk Grade:
Pass	$	527,587	$	158,865	$	99,010	$	75,973	$	42,009	$	40,557	$	244,459		$	1,188,460
6	36		776		527		445		439		3,381		1,439			7,043
7	722		510		3,851		2,151		2,644		5,051		7,143			22,072


Total commercial, financial and agricultural	$	528,345	$	160,151	$	103,388	$	78,569	$	45,092	$	48,989	$	253,041		$	1,217,575
Consumer Installment
Risk Grade:
Pass	$	32,105	$	69,866	$	42,133	$	30,626	$	11,439	$	11,851	$	7,532		$	205,552
6	—		—		—		—		—		138		6			144
7	5		253		329		219		53		473		83			1,415


Total consumer installment	$	32,110	$	70,119	$	42,462	$	30,845	$	11,492	$	12,462	$	7,621		$	207,111
Indirect Automobile
Risk Grade:
Pass	$	—	$	—	$	23,803	$	118,811	$	110,168	$	70,808	$	—		$	323,590
6	—		—		—		27		28		66		—			121
7	—		—		36		159		264		887		—			1,346


Total indirect automobile	$	—	$	—	$	23,839	$	118,997	$	110,460	$	71,761	$	—		$	325,057
Mortgage Warehouse
Risk Grade:
Pass	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	768,577		$	768,577




Total mortgage warehouse	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	768,577		$	768,577
Municipal
Risk Grade:
Pass	$	42,565	$	227,256	$	14,911	$	5,753	$	141,822	$	192,123	$	—		$	624,430




Total municipal	$	42,565	$	227,256	$	14,911	$	5,753	$	141,822	$	192,123	$	—		$	624,430
Premium Finance
Risk Grade:
Pass	$	820,843	$	13,411	$	175	$	—	$	414	$	13	$	—		$	834,856

7	3,582		2,298		1		—		—		—		—			5,881


Total premium finance	$	824,425	$	15,709	$	176	$	—	$	414	$	13	$	—		$	840,737
Real Estate – Construction and Development
Risk Grade:
Pass	$	629,733	$	411,682	$	234,740	$	55,995	$	39,464	$	49,180	$	27,024		$	1,447,818
6	—		—		—		—		—		1,853		—			1,853
7	774		142		169		2,203		631		1,234		—			5,153


Total real estate – construction and development	$	630,507	$	411,824	$	234,909	$	58,198	$	40,095	$	52,267	$	27,024		$	1,454,824


As of September 30, 2021	Term Loans by Origination Year												Revolving Loans Amortized Cost Basis
	2021		2020		2019		2018		2017		Prior				Total

Real Estate – Commercial and Farmland
Risk Grade:
Pass	$	1,471,281	$	1,254,639	$	1,118,208	$	592,121	$	522,226	$	1,208,209	$	85,462		$	6,252,146
6	462		—		6,317		14,835		21,200		26,354		1,640			70,808
7	1,977		2,679		10,915		18,769		5,540		46,847		23			86,750


Total real estate – commercial and farmland	$	1,473,720	$	1,257,318	$	1,135,440	$	625,725	$	548,966	$	1,281,410	$	87,125		$	6,409,704
Real Estate - Residential
Risk Grade:
Pass	$	891,155	$	691,763	$	367,862	$	169,881	$	121,410	$	456,393	$	218,163		$	2,916,627
6	806		67		1,156		586		445		4,590		139			7,789
7	791		7,313		14,296		8,787		4,089		14,742		2,090			52,108


Total real estate - residential	$	892,752	$	699,143	$	383,314	$	179,254	$	125,944	$	475,725	$	220,392		$	2,976,524


As of December 31, 2020	Term Loans by Origination Year												Revolving Loans Amortized Cost Basis
	2020		2019		2018		2017		2016		Prior				Total

Commercial, Financial and Agricultural
Risk Grade:
Pass	$	1,031,173	$	134,604	$	97,815	$	64,573	$	23,852	$	38,744	$	209,214		$	1,599,975
6	21		72		506		193		3,509		1,232		632			6,165
7	3,312		3,460		2,579		3,573		1,294		5,214		1,886			21,318
8	—		—		—		—		—		—		19			19

Total commercial, financial and agricultural	$	1,034,506	$	138,136	$	100,900	$	68,339	$	28,655	$	45,190	$	211,751		$	1,627,477
Consumer Installment
Risk Grade:
Pass	$	142,803	$	63,681	$	57,644	$	17,831	$	4,674	$	10,344	$	8,662		$	305,639
6	—		2		9		—		—		145		—			156
7	30		209		72		105		134		553		97			1,200


Total consumer installment	$	142,833	$	63,892	$	57,725	$	17,936	$	4,808	$	11,042	$	8,759		$	306,995
Indirect Automobile
Risk Grade:
Pass	$	—	$	35,432	$	187,737	$	188,333	$	108,926	$	55,835	$	—		$	576,263
6	—		—		57		70		62		85		—			274
7	—		163		519		561		1,078		1,225		—			3,546


Total indirect automobile	$	—	$	35,595	$	188,313	$	188,964	$	110,066	$	57,145	$	—		$	580,083
Mortgage Warehouse
Risk Grade:
Pass	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	916,353		$	916,353




Total mortgage warehouse	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	916,353		$	916,353


As of December 31, 2020	Term Loans by Origination Year												Revolving Loans Amortized Cost Basis
	2020		2019		2018		2017		2016		Prior				Total

Municipal
Risk Grade:
Pass	$	236,076	$	13,398	$	8,944	$	149,194	$	141,543	$	110,248	$	—		$	659,403




Total municipal	$	236,076	$	13,398	$	8,944	$	149,194	$	141,543	$	110,248	$	—		$	659,403
Premium Finance
Risk Grade:
Pass	$	661,614	$	18,236	$	515	$	746	$	121	$	38	$	—		$	681,270

7	5,811		760		—		—		—		—		—			6,571


Total premium finance	$	667,425	$	18,996	$	515	$	746	$	121	$	38	$	—		$	687,841
Real Estate – Construction and Development
Risk Grade:
Pass	$	666,193	$	479,251	$	221,926	$	71,488	$	35,799	$	43,958	$	69,974		$	1,588,589
6	685		1,036		3,646		1,302		—		4,564		—			11,233
7	15		2,858		566		271		42		3,136		—			6,888


Total real estate – construction and development	$	666,893	$	483,145	$	226,138	$	73,061	$	35,841	$	51,658	$	69,974		$	1,606,710
Real Estate – Commercial and Farmland
Risk Grade:
Pass	$	1,275,225	$	995,273	$	636,687	$	611,823	$	497,221	$	925,534	$	103,805		$	5,045,568
6	—		10,680		4,895		28,139		7,670		31,224		—			82,608
7	250		54,439		18,574		15,489		27,044		55,763		271			171,830


Total real estate – commercial and farmland	$	1,275,475	$	1,060,392	$	660,156	$	655,451	$	531,935	$	1,012,521	$	104,076		$	5,300,006
Real Estate - Residential
Risk Grade:
Pass	$	782,834	$	551,308	$	273,917	$	201,738	$	170,951	$	502,823	$	252,787		$	2,736,358
6	527		1,843		1,030		334		724		3,391		255			8,104
7	3,442		9,387		12,339		4,667		2,157		16,659		2,944			51,595


Total real estate - residential	$	786,803	$	562,538	$	287,286	$	206,739	$	173,832	$	522,873	$	255,986		$	2,796,057

Troubled Debt Restructurings

The restructuring of a loan is considered a “troubled debt restructuring” if both (i) the borrower is experiencing financial difficulties and (ii) the Company has granted a concession. Concessions may include interest rate reductions to below market interest rates, principal forgiveness, restructuring amortization schedules and other actions intended to minimize potential losses.

The Company’s policy requires a restructure request to be supported by a current, well-documented credit evaluation of the borrower’s financial condition and a collateral evaluation that is no older than six months from the date of the restructure. Key factors of that evaluation include the documentation of current, recurring cash flows, support provided by the guarantor(s) and the current valuation of the collateral. If the appraisal in the file is older than six months, an evaluation must be made as to the continued reasonableness of the valuation. For certain income-producing properties, current rent rolls and/or other income information can be utilized to support the appraisal valuation, when coupled with documented cap rates within our markets and a physical inspection of the collateral to validate the current condition.

The Company’s policy states that in the event a loan has been identified as a troubled debt restructuring, it should be assigned a grade of substandard until such time the borrower has demonstrated the ability to service the loan payments based on the restructured terms – generally defined as six months of satisfactory payment history. Missed payments under the original loan

terms are not considered under the new structure; however, subsequent missed payments are considered non-performance and are not considered toward the six month required term of satisfactory payment history.

In the normal course of business, the Company renews loans with a modification of the interest rate or terms that are not deemed to be troubled debt restructurings because the borrower is not experiencing financial difficulty. The Company modified loans in the first nine months of 2021 and 2020 totaling $322.8 million and $313.6 million, respectively, under such parameters.

As of September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, the Company had a balance of $87.4 million and $85.0 million, respectively, in troubled debt restructurings. The Company has recorded $654,000 and $1.2 million in previous charge-offs on such loans at September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively. The Company’s balance in the allowance for credit losses allocated to such troubled debt restructurings was $14.3 million and $13.0 million at September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively. At September 30, 2021, the Company did not have any commitments to lend additional funds to debtors whose terms have been modified in troubled restructurings.

The following table presents the loans by class modified as troubled debt restructurings which occurred during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020. These modifications did not have a material impact on the Company’s allowance for credit losses.


	Three Months Ended September 30,						Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2021			2020			2021			2020
Loan Class	#	Balance (in thousands)		#	Balance (in thousands)		#	Balance (in thousands)		#	Balance (in thousands)
Commercial, financial and agricultural	—	$	—	1	$	9	6	$	532	2	$	725
Consumer installment	—	—		—	—		2	7		4	15
Indirect automobile	—	—		530	3,171		—	—		530	3,170



Real estate – construction and development	—	—		—	—		—	—		1	19
Real estate – commercial and farmland	—	—		20	86,773		5	16,257		21	86,788
Real estate – residential	9	1,818		14	2,609		21	3,270		91	12,692
Total	9	$	1,818	565	$	92,562	34	$	20,066	649	$	103,409

The following table presents the outstanding balance of troubled debt restructurings by class that defaulted (defined as 30 days past due) during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020. These defaults did not have a material impact on the Company's allowance for credit losses.


	Three Months Ended September 30,						Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2021			2020			2021			2020
Loan Class	#	Balance (in thousands)		#	Balance (in thousands)		#	Balance (in thousands)		#	Balance (in thousands)
Commercial, financial and agricultural	1	$	1	—	$	—	1	$	1	1	$	198
Consumer installment	1	1		—	—		1	1		4	3
Indirect automobile	4	23		—	—		16	76		—	—



Real estate – construction and development	—	—		1	403		—	—		3	689
Real estate – commercial and farmland	—	—		1	50		—	—		3	726
Real estate – residential	4	489		12	957		15	1,111		16	1,142
Total	10	$	514	14	$	1,410	33	$	1,189	27	$	2,758

The following table presents the amount of troubled debt restructurings by loan class classified separately as accrual and nonaccrual at September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020:


September 30, 2021	Accruing Loans			Non-Accruing Loans
Loan Class	#	Balance (in thousands)		#	Balance (in thousands)
Commercial, financial and agricultural	14	$	1,683	7	$	112
Consumer installment	8	22		19	38
Indirect automobile	282	1,284		52	297



Real estate – construction and development	5	887		3	271
Real estate – commercial and farmland	27	43,895		7	6,715
Real estate – residential	227	29,521		30	2,687
Total	563	$	77,292	118	$	10,120


December 31, 2020	Accruing Loans			Non-Accruing Loans
Loan Class	#	Balance (in thousands)		#	Balance (in thousands)
Commercial, financial and agricultural	9	$	521	11	$	849
Consumer installment	10	32		20	56
Indirect automobile	437	2,277		51	461



Real estate – construction and development	4	506		5	707
Real estate – commercial and farmland	28	36,707		7	1,401
Real estate – residential	264	38,800		34	2,671
Total	752	$	78,843	128	$	6,145

COVID-19 Deferrals

In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, the Company offered affected borrowers payment relief under its Disaster Relief Program. These modifications primarily consisted of short-term payment deferrals or interest-only periods to assist customers. The Company has also provided payment modifications to certain borrowers in economically sensitive industries of various terms up to nine months. Modifications related to the COVID-19 pandemic and qualifying under the provisions of Section 4013 of the CARES Act are not deemed to be troubled debt restructurings. As of September 30, 2021, $76.5 million in loans remained in payment deferral related to COVID-19 pandemic Disaster Relief Program compared with $332.8 million at December 31, 2020.

The table below presents short-term deferrals related to the COVID-19 pandemic that were not considered TDRs.


	September 30, 2021				December 31, 2020
(dollars in thousands)	COVID-19 Deferrals		Deferrals as a % of total loans		COVID-19 Deferrals		Deferrals as a % of total loans
Commercial, financial and agricultural	$	755	0.1	%	$	12,471	0.8	%
Consumer installment	—		—	%	1,418		0.5	%
Indirect automobile	1,302		0.4	%	8,936		1.5	%



Real estate – construction and development	—		—	%	11,049		0.7	%
Real estate – commercial and farmland	26,128		0.4	%	179,183		3.4	%
Real estate – residential	48,340		1.6	%	119,722		4.3	%
	$	76,525	0.5	%	$	332,779	2.3	%

Allowance for Credit Losses on Loans

The allowance for credit losses represents an allowance for expected losses over the remaining contractual life of the assets. The contractual term does not consider extensions, renewals or modifications unless the Company reasonably expects to execute a troubled debt restructuring with a borrower. The Company segregates the loan portfolio by type of loan and utilizes this segregation in evaluating exposure to risks within the portfolio.

Loan losses are charged against the allowance when management believes the collection of a loan’s principal is unlikely. Subsequent recoveries are credited to the allowance. Consumer loans are charged off in accordance with the Federal Financial Institutions Examination Council’s (“FFIEC”) Uniform Retail Credit Classification and Account Management Policy.

Commercial loans are charged off when they are deemed uncollectible, which usually involves a triggering event within the collection effort. If the loan is collateral dependent, the loss is more easily identified and is charged off when it is identified, usually based upon receipt of an appraisal. However, when a loan has guarantor support, the Company may carry the estimated loss as a reserve against the loan while collection efforts with the guarantor are pursued. If, after collection efforts with the guarantor are complete, the deficiency is still considered uncollectible, the loss is charged off and any further collections are treated as recoveries. In all situations, when a loan is downgraded to an Asset Quality Rating of 9 (Loss per the regulatory guidance), the uncollectible portion is charged off.

The Company’s methodologies for estimating the allowance for credit losses consider available relevant information about the collectability of cash flows, including information about past events, current conditions, and reasonable and supportable forecasts. The methodologies apply historical loss information, adjusted for asset-specific characteristics, economic conditions at the measurement date, and forecasts about future economic conditions expected to exist through the contractual lives of the financial assets that are reasonable and supportable, to the identified pools of loans with similar risk characteristics for which the historical loss experience was observed. The Company utilizes a one year reasonable and supportable forecast period. The Company’s methodologies revert back to historical loss information on a straight-line basis over four quarters when the Company can no longer develop reasonable and supportable forecasts.

During the nine months ended September 30, 2021, the allowance for credit losses decreased due to improvement in forecasted macroeconomic factors. Also contributing to the decrease was an improvement in qualitative factors attributable to uncertainty in the forecast and loss drivers used, particularly in the construction and development segment, compared with the December 31, 2020 provision estimate which management determined were both properly addressed in the current estimate. The allowance for credit losses was determined at September 30, 2021 using a weighting of two economic forecasts from Moody's. The Moody's stagflation scenario was weighted at 50% and the downside 75th percentile S-2 scenario was weighted at 50%. The current forecast reflects, among other things, improvements in forecast levels of home prices and commercial real estate prices compared with the forecast at December 31, 2020.

The following tables detail activity and end of period balances in the allowance for credit losses by portfolio segment for the periods indicated. Allocation of a portion of the allowance to one category of loans does not preclude its availability to absorb losses in other categories.


Three Months Ended September 30, 2021

(dollars in thousands)	Commercial, Financial and Agricultural		Consumer Installment		Indirect Automobile		Mortgage Warehouse		Municipal		Premium Finance
Balance, June 30, 2021	$	6,889	$	7,824	$	1,080	$	3,365	$	777	$	4,539

Provision for loan losses	(1,471)		3,063		(268)		(287)		(27)		(456)
Loans charged off	(858)		(1,647)		(178)		—		—		(605)
Recoveries of loans previously charged off	1,986		199		278		—		—		649
Balance, September 30, 2021	$	6,546	$	9,439	$	912	$	3,078	$	750	$	4,127

	Real Estate – Construction and Development		Real Estate – Commercial and Farmland		Real Estate – Residential		Total
Balance, June 30, 2021	$	18,999	$	88,338	$	43,259	$	175,070

Provision for loan losses	(6,423)		87		1,798		(3,984)
Loans charged off	—		(210)		(39)		(3,537)
Recoveries of loans previously charged off	45		266		241		3,664
Balance, September 30, 2021	$	12,621	$	88,481	$	45,259	$	171,213

Nine Months Ended September 30, 2021

(dollars in thousands)	Commercial, Financial and Agricultural		Consumer Installment		Indirect Automobile		Mortgage Warehouse		Municipal		Premium Finance
Balance, December 31, 2020	$	7,359	$	4,076	$	1,929	$	3,666	$	791	$	3,879


Provision for loan losses	2,606		9,360		(1,219)		(588)		(41)		(847)
Loans charged off	(6,757)		(4,764)		(1,148)		—		—		(3,142)
Recoveries of loans previously charged off	3,338		767		1,350		—		—		4,237
Balance, September 30, 2021	$	6,546	$	9,439	$	912	$	3,078	$	750	$	4,127

	Real Estate – Construction and Development		Real Estate – Commercial and Farmland		Real Estate – Residential		Total
Balance, December 31, 2020	$	45,304	$	88,894	$	43,524	$	199,422


Provision for loan losses	(32,767)		727		1,307		(21,462)
Loans charged off	(212)		(1,632)		(594)		(18,249)
Recoveries of loans previously charged off	296		492		1,022		11,502
Balance, September 30, 2021	$	12,621	$	88,481	$	45,259	$	171,213


Three Months Ended September 30, 2020

(dollars in thousands)	Commercial, Financial and Agricultural		Consumer Installment		Indirect Automobile		Mortgage Warehouse		Municipal		Premium Finance
Balance, June 30, 2020	$	7,938	$	20,085	$	3,381	$	1,498	$	507	$	8,198


Provision for loan losses	5,533		(3,693)		322		498		365		(2,316)
Loans charged off	(1,715)		(677)		(697)		—		—		(1,159)
Recoveries of loans previously charged off	470		516		317		—		—		1,224
Balance, September 30, 2020	$	12,226	$	16,231	$	3,323	$	1,996	$	872	$	5,947

	Real Estate – Construction and Development		Real Estate – Commercial and Farmland		Real Estate – Residential		Total
Balance, June 30, 2020	$	54,266	$	83,593	$	29,327	$	208,793


Provision for loan losses	(10,208)		18,419		17,772		26,692
Loans charged off	(9)		(2,977)		(137)		(7,371)
Recoveries of loans previously charged off	182		904		197		3,810
Balance, September 30, 2020	$	44,231	$	99,939	$	47,159	$	231,924

Nine Months Ended September 30, 2020

(dollars in thousands)	Commercial, Financial and Agricultural		Consumer Installment		Indirect Automobile		Mortgage Warehouse		Municipal		Premium Finance
Balance, December 31, 2019	$	4,567	$	3,784	$	—	$	640	$	484	$	2,550
Adjustment to allowance for adoption of ASC 326	2,587		8,012		4,109		463		(92)		4,471

Provision for loan losses	8,624		5,943		1,138		893		480		235
Loans charged off	(4,687)		(2,781)		(2,944)		—		—		(3,893)
Recoveries of loans previously charged off	1,135		1,273		1,020		—		—		2,584
Balance, September 30, 2020	$	12,226	$	16,231	$	3,323	$	1,996	$	872	$	5,947

	Real Estate – Construction and Development		Real Estate – Commercial and Farmland		Real Estate – Residential		Total
Balance, December 31, 2019	$	5,995	$	9,666	$	10,503	$	38,189
Adjustment to allowance for adoption of ASC 326	12,248		27,073		19,790		78,661

Provision for loan losses	25,379		72,410		17,086		132,188
Loans charged off	(83)		(10,220)		(762)		(25,370)
Recoveries of loans previously charged off	692		1,010		542		8,256
Balance, September 30, 2020	$	44,231	$	99,939	$	47,159	$	231,924

NOTE 4 – SECURITIES SOLD UNDER AGREEMENTS TO REPURCHASE

The Company classifies the sales of securities under agreements to repurchase as short-term borrowings. The amounts received under these agreements are reflected as a liability in the Company’s consolidated balance sheets and the securities underlying these agreements are included in investment securities in the Company’s consolidated balance sheets. At September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, all securities sold under agreements to repurchase mature on a daily basis. The market value of the securities fluctuate on a daily basis due to market conditions. The Company monitors the market value of the securities underlying these agreements on a daily basis and is required to transfer additional securities if the market value of the securities fall below the repurchase agreement price. The Company maintains an unpledged securities portfolio that it believes is sufficient to protect against a decline in the market value of the securities sold under agreements to repurchase.

The following is a summary of the Company’s securities sold under agreements to repurchase at September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020:


(dollars in thousands)	September 30, 2021		December 31, 2020
Securities sold under agreements to repurchase	$	4,502	$	11,641

At September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020 the investment securities underlying these agreements were comprised of state, county and municipal securities and mortgage-backed securities.

NOTE 5 – OTHER BORROWINGS

Other borrowings consist of the following:


(dollars in thousands)	September 30, 2021		December 31, 2020
FHLB borrowings:
Fixed Rate Advance due March 3, 2025; fixed interest rate of 1.208%	$	15,000	$	15,000
Fixed Rate Advance due March 2, 2027; fixed interest rate of 1.445%	15,000		15,000
Fixed Rate Advance due March 4, 2030; fixed interest rate of 1.606%	15,000		15,000
Fixed Rate Advance due December 9, 2030; fixed interest rate of 4.55%	1,403		1,411
Fixed Rate Advance due December 9, 2030; fixed interest rate of 4.55%	971		977
Principal Reducing Advance due September 29, 2031; fixed interest rate of 3.095%	1,457		1,567

Subordinated notes payable:
Subordinated notes payable due March 15, 2027 net of unamortized debt issuance cost of $714 and $812, respectively; fixed interest rate of 5.75% through March 14, 2022; variable interest rate thereafter at three-month LIBOR plus 3.616%	74,286		74,188
Subordinated notes payable due December 15, 2029 net of unamortized debt issuance cost of $1,983 and $2,165, respectively; fixed interest rate of 4.25% through December 14, 2024; variable interest rate thereafter at three-month SOFR plus 2.94%	118,017		117,835
Subordinated notes payable due May 31, 2030 net of unaccreted purchase accounting fair value adjustment of $1,058 and $1,150, respectively; fixed interest rate of 5.875% through May 31, 2025; variable interest rate thereafter at three-month LIBOR plus 3.63%	76,058		76,150
Subordinated notes payable due October 1, 2030 net of unamortized debt issuance cost of $1,817 and $1,973, respectively; fixed interest rate of 3.875% through September 30, 2025; variable interest rate thereafter at three-month SOFR plus 3.753%	108,183		108,027
	$	425,375	$	425,155

The advances from the FHLB are collateralized by a blanket lien on all eligible first mortgage loans and other specific loans in addition to FHLB stock. At September 30, 2021, $3.83 billion was available for borrowing on lines with the FHLB.

As of September 30, 2021, the Bank maintained credit arrangements with various financial institutions to purchase federal funds up to $127.0 million.

The Bank also participates in the Federal Reserve discount window borrowings program. At September 30, 2021, the Bank had $3.03 billion of loans pledged at the Federal Reserve discount window and had $2.13 billion available for borrowing.

NOTE 6 – ACCUMULATED OTHER COMPREHENSIVE INCOME

Accumulated other comprehensive income for the Company consists of changes in net unrealized gains and losses on investment securities available-for-sale and interest rate swap derivatives. The reclassification for gains included in net income is recorded in net gain (loss) on securities in the consolidated statement of income and comprehensive income.

The following table presents a summary of the accumulated other comprehensive income balances as well as changes in each of the respective components, net of tax, for the periods indicated:


(dollars in thousands)	Unrealized Gain (Loss) on Derivatives		Unrealized Gain (Loss) on Securities		Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income
Three Months Ended September 30, 2021
Balance, June 30, 2021	$	—	$	25,024	$	25,024
Reclassification for gains included in net income, net of tax	—		—		—
Current year changes, net of tax	—		(3,139)		(3,139)
Balance, September 30, 2021	$	—	$	21,885	$	21,885

Three Months Ended September 30, 2020
Balance, June 30, 2020	$	(133)	$	39,746	$	39,613
Reclassification for gains included in net income, net of tax	—		—		—
Current year changes, net of tax	133		(2,494)		(2,361)
Balance, September 30, 2020	$	—	$	37,252	$	37,252

Nine Months Ended September 30, 2021
Balance, December 31, 2020	$	—	$	33,505	$	33,505
Reclassification for gains included in net income, net of tax	—		—		—
Current year changes, net of tax	—		(11,620)		(11,620)
Balance, September 30, 2021	$	—	$	21,885	$	21,885

Nine Months Ended September 30, 2020
Balance, December 31, 2019	$	(147)	$	18,142	$	17,995
Reclassification for gains included in net income, net of tax	—		—		—
Current year changes, net of tax	147		19,110		19,257
Balance, September 30, 2020	$	—	$	37,252	$	37,252

NOTE 7 – WEIGHTED AVERAGE SHARES OUTSTANDING

Earnings per share have been computed based on the following weighted average number of common shares outstanding:


	Three Months Ended September 30,		Nine Months Ended September 30,
(share data in thousands)	2021	2020	2021	2020
Average common shares outstanding	69,440	69,231	69,445	69,243
Common share equivalents:
Stock options	49	5	65	22
Nonvested restricted share grants	142	85	143	122
Performance stock units	125	25	119	16
Average common shares outstanding, assuming dilution	69,756	69,346	69,772	69,403

For the three and nine-month periods ended September 30, 2021, there were no outstanding options exerciseable for common shares with strike prices that would cause the underlying shares to be anti-dilutive. For the three and nine-month periods ended September 30, 2020, there were outstanding 252,765 and 253,765 options exerciseable for common shares, respectively, with strike prices that would cause the underlying shares to be anti-dilutive.

NOTE 8 – FAIR VALUE MEASURES

The fair value of an asset or liability is the current amount that would be exchanged between willing parties, other than in a forced liquidation. Fair value is best determined based upon quoted market prices. However, in many instances, there are no quoted market prices for the Company’s various assets and liabilities. In cases where quoted market prices are not available, fair value is based on discounted cash flows or other valuation techniques. These techniques are significantly affected by the

assumptions used, including the discount rate and estimates of future cash flows. Accordingly, the fair value estimates may not be realized in an immediate settlement of the asset or liability. The accounting standard for disclosures about the fair value measures excludes certain financial instruments and all nonfinancial instruments from its disclosure requirements. Accordingly, the aggregate fair value amounts presented may not necessarily represent the underlying fair value of the Company.

The Company's loans held for sale under the fair value option are comprised of the following:


(dollars in thousands)	September 30, 2021		December 31, 2020
Mortgage loans held for sale	$	1,430,695	$	998,050
SBA loans held for sale	5,110		3,757
Total loans held for sale	$	1,435,805	$	1,001,807

The Company has elected to record mortgage loans held for sale at fair value in order to eliminate the complexities and inherent difficulties of achieving hedge accounting and to better align reported results with the underlying economic changes in value of the loans and related hedge instruments. This election impacts the timing and recognition of origination fees and costs, as well as servicing value, which are now recognized in earnings at the time of origination. Interest income on mortgage loans held for sale is recorded on an accrual basis in the consolidated statements of income and comprehensive income under the heading interest income – interest and fees on loans. The servicing value is included in the fair value of the interest rate lock commitments (“IRLCs”) with borrowers. The mark to market adjustments related to mortgage loans held for sale and the associated economic hedges are captured in mortgage banking activities.

A net gain of $5.8 million and a net loss of $9.3 million resulting from fair value changes of these mortgage loans were recorded in income during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021, respectively. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020, a net loss of $23.3 million and a net gain of $17.8 million, respectively, resulting from fair value changes of these mortgage loans were recorded in income. A net gain of $7.3 million and a net loss of $10.3 million resulting from changes in the fair value of the related derivative financial instruments used to hedge exposure to the market-related risks associated with these mortgage loans were recorded in income during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021, respectively. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020, net gains of $21.4 million and $55.2 million, respectively, resulting from changes in the fair value of the related derivative financial instruments were recorded in income. The change in fair value of both mortgage loans held for sale and the related derivative financial instruments are recorded in mortgage banking activity in the consolidated statements of income and comprehensive income. The Company’s valuation of mortgage loans held for sale incorporates an assumption for credit risk; however, given the short-term period that the Company holds these loans, valuation adjustments attributable to instrument-specific credit risk is nominal.

The following table summarizes the difference between the fair value and the principal balance for mortgage loans held for sale measured at fair value as of September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020:


(dollars in thousands)	September 30, 2021		December 31, 2020
Aggregate fair value of mortgage loans held for sale	$	1,430,695	$	998,050
Aggregate unpaid principal balance of mortgage loans held for sale	1,389,380		947,460
Past-due loans of 90 days or more	152		—
Nonaccrual loans	152		—
Unpaid principal balance of nonaccrual loans	149		—

The following table summarizes the difference between the fair value and the principal balance for SBA loans held for sale measured at fair value as of September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020:


(dollars in thousands)	September 30, 2021		December 31, 2020
Aggregate fair value of SBA loans held for sale	$	5,110	$	3,757
Aggregate unpaid principal balance of SBA loans held for sale	4,446		3,393
Past-due loans of 90 days or more	—		—
Nonaccrual loans	—		—

The Company utilizes fair value measurements to record fair value adjustments to certain assets and liabilities and to determine fair value disclosures. Securities available-for-sale, loans held for sale under the fair value option and derivative financial instruments are recorded at fair value on a recurring basis. From time to time, the Company may be required to record at fair

value other assets on a nonrecurring basis, such as collateral-dependent loans, loan servicing rights and OREO. Additionally, the Company is required to disclose, but not record, the fair value of other financial instruments.

The following table presents the fair value measurements of assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis and the level within the fair value hierarchy in which the fair value measurements fall as of September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020:


	Recurring Basis Fair Value Measurements
	September 30, 2021
(dollars in thousands)	Fair Value		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3
Financial assets:
Investment securities available-for-sale:
U.S. government sponsored agencies	$	12,252	$	—	$	12,252	$	—
State, county and municipal securities	54,216		—		54,216		—
Corporate debt securities	33,998		—		32,618		1,380
SBA pool securities	47,917		—		47,917		—
Mortgage-backed securities	536,121		—		536,121		—
Loans held for sale	1,435,805		—		1,435,805		—
Mortgage banking derivative instruments	25,063		—		25,063		—
Total recurring assets at fair value	$	2,145,372	$	—	$	2,143,992	$	1,380


	Recurring Basis Fair Value Measurements
	December 31, 2020
(dollars in thousands)	Fair Value		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3
Financial assets:
Investment securities available-for-sale:
U.S. government sponsored agencies	$	17,504	$	—	$	17,504	$	—
State, county and municipal securities	66,778		—		66,778		—
Corporate debt securities	51,896		—		50,726		1,170
SBA pool securities	62,497		—		62,497		—
Mortgage-backed securities	784,204		—		784,204		—
Loans held for sale	1,001,807		—		1,001,807		—
Mortgage banking derivative instruments	51,756		—		51,756		—
Total recurring assets at fair value	$	2,036,442	$	—	$	2,035,272	$	1,170
Financial liabilities:
Mortgage banking derivative instruments	$	16,415	$	—	$	16,415	$	—
Total recurring liabilities at fair value	$	16,415	$	—	$	16,415	$	—

The following table presents the fair value measurements of assets measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis, as well as the general classification of such instruments pursuant to the valuation hierarchy as of September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020:


	Nonrecurring Basis Fair Value Measurements
(dollars in thousands)	Fair Value		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3
September 30, 2021
Collateral-dependent loans	$	58,580	$	—	$	—	$	58,580
Other real estate owned	81		—		—		81
Mortgage servicing rights	188,506		—		—		188,506

Total nonrecurring assets at fair value	$	247,167	$	—	$	—	$	247,167

December 31, 2020
Collateral-dependent loans	$	98,426	$	—	$	—	$	98,426
Other real estate owned	4,964		—		—		4,964
Mortgage servicing rights	130,630		—		—		130,630
SBA servicing rights	5,839		—		5,839		—
Total nonrecurring assets at fair value	$	239,859	$	—	$	5,839	$	234,020

The inputs used to determine estimated fair value of collateral-dependent loans include market conditions, loan term, underlying collateral characteristics and discount rates. The inputs used to determine fair value of OREO include market conditions, estimated marketing period or holding period, underlying collateral characteristics and discount rates.

For the nine months ended September 30, 2021 and the year ended December 31, 2020, there was not a change in the methods and significant assumptions used to estimate fair value.

The following table shows significant unobservable inputs used in the fair value measurement of Level 3 assets:


(dollars in thousands)	Fair Value		Valuation Technique	Unobservable Inputs	Range of Discounts	Weighted Average Discount
September 30, 2021
Recurring:
Investment securities available-for-sale	$	1,380	Discounted par values	Discount rate	8.0%	8.0%
Nonrecurring:
Collateral-dependent loans	$	58,580	Third-party appraisals and discounted cash flows	Collateral discounts and discount rates	20% - 90%	44%
Other real estate owned	$	81	Third-party appraisals and sales contracts	Collateral discounts and estimated costs to sell	76%	76%
Mortgage servicing rights	$	188,506	Discounted cash flows	Discount rate	9% - 10%	9%
				Prepayment speed	10% - 38%	12%


(dollars in thousands)	Fair Value		Valuation Technique	Unobservable Inputs	Range of Discounts	Weighted Average Discount
December 31, 2020
Recurring:
Investment securities available-for-sale	$	1,170	Discounted par values	Probability of default	18.8%	18.8%
				Loss given default	40%	40%
Nonrecurring:
Collateral-dependent loans	$	98,426	Third-party appraisals and discounted cash flows	Collateral discounts and discount rates	20% - 90%	44%
Other real estate owned	$	4,964	Third-party appraisals and sales contracts	Collateral discounts and estimated costs to sell	15% - 59%	28%
Mortgage servicing rights	$	130,630	Discounted cash flows	Discount rate	9% - 12%	10%
				Prepayment speed	14% - 37%	19%

The carrying amount and estimated fair value of the Company’s financial instruments, not shown elsewhere in these financial statements, were as follows:


			Fair Value Measurements
			September 30, 2021
(dollars in thousands)	Carrying Amount		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
Financial assets:
Cash and due from banks	$	239,028	$	239,028	$	—	$	—	$	239,028
Federal funds sold and interest-bearing accounts	3,513,412		3,513,412		—		—		3,513,412

Investment securities held-to-maturity	64,451		—		63,304		—		63,304

Loans, net	14,594,746		—		—		14,574,784		14,574,784
Accrued interest receivable	59,957		—		2,991		56,966		59,957
Financial liabilities:
Deposits	18,833,489		—		18,836,507		—		18,836,507
Securities sold under agreements to repurchase	4,502		4,502		—		—		4,502
Other borrowings	425,375		—		430,037		—		430,037
Subordinated deferrable interest debentures	125,830		—		117,283		—		117,283
Accrued interest payable	6,356		—		6,356		—		6,356


			Fair Value Measurements
			December 31, 2020
(dollars in thousands)	Carrying Amount		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
Financial assets:
Cash and due from banks	$	203,349	$	203,349	$	—	$	—	$	203,349
Federal funds sold and interest-bearing accounts	1,913,957		1,913,957		—		—		1,913,957
Time deposits in other banks	249		—		249		—		249
Investment securities held-to-maturity	—		—		—		—		—
Loans, net	14,183,077		—		—		14,096,711		14,096,711
Accrued interest receivable	76,254		—		3,567		72,687		76,254
Financial liabilities:
Deposits	16,957,823		—		16,968,606		—		16,968,606
Securities sold under agreements to repurchase	11,641		11,641		—		—		11,641
Other borrowings	425,155		—		431,783		—		431,783
Subordinated deferrable interest debentures	124,345		—		116,280		—		116,280
Accrued interest payable	5,487		—		5,487		—		5,487

NOTE 9 – COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES

Loan Commitments

The Company is a party to financial instruments with off-balance-sheet risk in the normal course of business to meet the financing needs of its customers. These financial instruments include commitments to extend credit and standby letters of credit. They involve, to varying degrees, elements of credit risk and interest rate risk in excess of the amount recognized in the Company’s balance sheets.

The Company’s exposure to credit loss is represented by the contractual amount of those instruments. The Company uses the same credit policies in making commitments and conditional obligations as it does for on-balance-sheet instruments. A summary of the Company’s commitments is as follows:


(dollars in thousands)	September 30, 2021		December 31, 2020
Commitments to extend credit	$	3,783,300	$	2,826,719
Unused home equity lines of credit	265,963		259,015
Financial standby letters of credit	33,259		33,613
Mortgage interest rate lock commitments	592,061		1,199,939

Commitments to extend credit are agreements to lend to a customer as long as there is no violation of any condition established in the contract. These commitments, predominantly at variable interest rates, generally have fixed expiration dates or other termination clauses and may require payment of a fee. Since many of the commitments are expected to expire without being drawn upon, the total commitment amounts do not necessarily represent future cash requirements. The amount of collateral obtained, if deemed necessary by the Company upon extension of credit, is based on management’s credit evaluation of the customer.

Standby letters of credit are conditional commitments issued by the Company to guarantee the performance of a customer to a third party. Those guarantees are primarily issued to support public and private borrowing arrangements. The credit risk involved in issuing letters of credit is essentially the same as that involved in extending loans to customers. Collateral is required in instances which the Company deems necessary. The Company has not been required to perform on any material financial standby letters of credit and the Company has not incurred any losses on financial standby letters of credit for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 and the year ended December 31, 2020.

The Company maintains an allowance for credit losses on unfunded commitments which is recorded in other liabilities on the consolidated balance sheets. The following table presents activity in the allowance for unfunded commitments for the periods presented:


	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
(dollars in thousands)	2021		2020		2021		2020
Balance at beginning of period	$	22,314	$	37,503	$	32,854	$	1,077
Adjustment to reflect adoption of ASC 326	—		—		—		12,714

Provision for unfunded commitments	(5,516)		(10,131)		(16,056)		13,581
Balance at end of period	$	16,798	$	27,372	$	16,798	$	27,372

Other Commitments

As of September 30, 2021, letters of credit issued by the FHLB totaling $290.0 million were used to guarantee the Bank’s performance related to a portion of its public fund deposit balances.

Litigation and Regulatory Contingencies

From time to time, the Company and the Bank are subject to various legal proceedings, claims and disputes that arise in the ordinary course of business. The Company and the Bank are also subject to regulatory examinations, information gathering requests, inquiries and investigations in the ordinary course of business. Based on the Company’s current knowledge and advice of counsel, management presently does not believe that the liabilities arising from these legal matters will have a material adverse effect on the Company’s consolidated financial condition, results of operations or cash flows. However, it is possible

that the ultimate resolution of these legal matters could have a material adverse effect on the Company’s results of operations and financial condition for any particular period.

The Company’s management and its legal counsel periodically assess contingent liabilities, which may result in a loss to the Company but which will only be resolved when one or more future events occur or fail to occur, and such assessment inherently involves an exercise of judgment. In assessing loss contingencies related to legal proceedings that are pending against the Company or unasserted claims that may result in such proceedings, the Company evaluates the perceived merits of any legal proceedings or unasserted claims, as well as the perceived merits of the amount of relief sought or expected to be sought therein. If the assessment of a contingency indicates that it is probable that a material loss has been incurred and the amount of the liability can be estimated, then the estimated liability would be accrued in the Company’s financial statements. If the assessment indicates that a potentially material loss contingency is not probable, but is reasonably possible, or is probable but cannot be estimated, then the nature of the contingent liability, together with an estimate of the range of possible loss if determinable and material, would be disclosed. Loss contingencies considered remote are generally not disclosed unless they involve guarantees, in which case the nature of the guarantee would be disclosed.

COVID-19

The COVID-19 pandemic has caused significant and unprecedented economic dislocation in the United States. As a result of the pandemic, commercial customers have experienced varying levels of disruptions or restrictions on their business activity, and consumers are experiencing interrupted income or unemployment. We have outstanding loans to borrowers in certain industries that have been particularly susceptible to the effects of the pandemic, such as hotels, restaurants and other retail businesses. Given the ongoing and dynamic nature of the circumstances, it is difficult to predict the full impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on our business. The United States government has taken steps to mitigate some of the more severe economic effects of the coronavirus, including the passage of the CARES Act and subsequent legislation, but there can be no assurance that such steps will be sufficient to achieve their desired results in a timely fashion. The extent of such impact from the COVID-19 pandemic and related mitigation efforts will depend on future developments, which remain highly uncertain, including, but not limited to, the potential for a resurgence or additional waves or variants of the coronavirus, actions to contain the virus or treat its impact, including public acceptance of vaccines, and how quickly and to what extent normal economic and operating activity can fully resume. This could cause a material, adverse effect on the Company’s business, financial condition and results of operations, including increases in loan delinquencies, problem assets and foreclosures; decreases in the value of collateral securing our loans; increases in our allowance for credit losses; and decreases in the value of our intangible assets.

NOTE 10 – SEGMENT REPORTING

The Company has the following five reportable segments: Banking Division, Retail Mortgage Division, Warehouse Lending Division, SBA Division and Premium Finance Division. The Banking Division derives its revenues from the delivery of full-service financial services, including commercial loans, consumer loans and deposit accounts. The Retail Mortgage Division derives its revenues from the origination, sales and servicing of one-to-four family residential mortgage loans. The Warehouse Lending Division derives its revenues from the origination and servicing of warehouse lines to other businesses that are secured by underlying one-to-four family residential mortgage loans. The SBA Division derives its revenues from the origination, sales and servicing of SBA loans. The Premium Finance Division derives its revenues from the origination and servicing of commercial insurance premium finance loans.

The Banking, Retail Mortgage, Warehouse Lending, SBA and Premium Finance Divisions are managed as separate business units because of the different products and services they provide. The Company evaluates performance and allocates resources based on profit or loss from operations. There are no material intersegment sales or transfers.

The following tables present selected financial information with respect to the Company’s reportable business segments for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020:


	Three Months Ended September 30, 2021
(dollars in thousands)	Banking Division		Retail Mortgage Division		Warehouse Lending Division		SBA Division		Premium Finance Division		Total
Interest income	$	110,708	$	33,390	$	9,093	$	11,986	$	7,869	$	173,046
Interest expense	(2,816)		12,101		381		1,287		432		11,385
Net interest income	113,524		21,289		8,712		10,699		7,437		161,661
Provision for credit losses	(9,578)		1,678		(291)		(1,104)		(380)		(9,675)
Noninterest income	17,896		55,555		1,037		2,070		4		76,562
Noninterest expense
Salaries and employee benefits	40,020		36,373		264		1,320		1,694		79,671
Occupancy and equipment	10,196		1,590		—		116		77		11,979
Data processing and communications expenses	9,159		1,357		59		18		88		10,681
Other expenses	21,723		11,675		200		370		897		34,865
Total noninterest expense	81,098		50,995		523		1,824		2,756		137,196
Income before income tax expense	59,900		24,171		9,517		12,049		5,065		110,702
Income tax expense	17,784		5,076		1,999		2,530		1,633		29,022
Net income	$	42,116	$	19,095	$	7,518	$	9,519	$	3,432	$	81,680

Total assets	$	16,070,583	$	4,247,967	$	740,809	$	529,044	$	944,738	$	22,533,141
Goodwill	863,507		—		—		—		64,498		928,005
Other intangible assets, net	47,768		—		—		—		12,628		60,396


	Three Months Ended September 30, 2020
(dollars in thousands)	Banking Division		Retail Mortgage Division		Warehouse Lending Division		SBA Division		Premium Finance Division		Total
Interest income	$	123,593	$	31,040	$	6,844	$	10,958	$	7,499	$	179,934
Interest expense	4,031		10,647		298		1,992		428		17,396
Net interest income	119,562		20,393		6,546		8,966		7,071		162,538
Provision for credit losses	487		15,051		495		4,297		(2,648)		17,682
Noninterest income	15,265		137,583		1,064		5,106		—		159,018
Noninterest expense
Salaries and employee benefits	39,718		53,500		266		1,572		1,642		96,698
Occupancy and equipment	11,955		1,676		1		97		76		13,805
Data processing and communications expenses	9,716		2,349		73		4		84		12,226
Other expenses	21,517		7,889		28		595		934		30,963
Total noninterest expense	82,906		65,414		368		2,268		2,736		153,692
Income (loss) before income tax expense	51,434		77,511		6,747		7,507		6,983		150,182
Income tax expense (benefit)	13,453		16,112		1,431		1,577		1,464		34,037
Net income (loss)	$	37,981	$	61,399	$	5,316	$	5,930	$	5,519	$	116,145

Total assets	$	13,098,562	$	3,632,999	$	1,002,027	$	1,338,794	$	801,469	$	19,873,851
Goodwill	863,507		—		—		—		64,498		928,005
Other intangible assets, net	60,568		—		—		—		15,596		76,164


	Nine Months Ended September 30, 2021
(dollars in thousands)	Banking Division		Retail Mortgage Division		Warehouse Lending Division		SBA Division		Premium Finance Division		Total
Interest income	$	332,347	$	97,674	$	28,408	$	44,070	$	22,248	$	524,747
Interest expense	(4,663)		34,868		1,070		3,854		1,128		36,257
Net interest income	337,010		62,806		27,338		40,216		21,120		488,490
Provision for credit losses	(37,431)		2,772		(591)		(2,258)		(616)		(38,124)
Noninterest income	50,805		222,250		3,350		7,358		12		283,775
Noninterest expense
Salaries and employee benefits	120,557		131,009		872		3,639		5,084		261,161
Occupancy and equipment	29,366		4,619		2		354		231		34,572
Data processing and communications expenses	29,640		4,338		176		19		269		34,442
Other expenses	60,196		27,502		263		949		2,670		91,580
Total noninterest expense	239,759		167,468		1,313		4,961		8,254		421,755
Income before income tax expense	185,487		114,816		29,966		44,871		13,494		388,634
Income tax expense	50,436		24,111		6,293		9,423		3,402		93,665
Net income	$	135,051	$	90,705	$	23,673	$	35,448	$	10,092	$	294,969


	Nine Months Ended September 30, 2020
(dollars in thousands)	Banking Division		Retail Mortgage Division		Warehouse Lending Division		SBA Division		Premium Finance Division		Total
Interest income	$	384,547	$	99,165	$	16,979	$	23,443	$	23,586	$	547,720
Interest expense	26,280		36,714		2,105		5,262		3,062		73,423
Net interest income	358,267		62,451		14,874		18,181		20,524		474,297
Provision for credit losses	123,289		17,471		889		5,716		(475)		146,890
Noninterest income	47,506		276,147		2,751		7,953		—		334,357
Noninterest expense
Salaries and employee benefits	121,762		134,600		685		5,660		5,105		267,812
Occupancy and equipment	33,981		5,133		3		291		232		39,640
Data processing and communications expenses	29,432		4,741		169		32		320		34,694
Other expenses	80,159		20,713		150		1,469		2,876		105,367
Total noninterest expense	265,334		165,187		1,007		7,452		8,533		447,513
Income (loss) before income tax expense	17,150		155,940		15,729		12,966		12,466		214,251
Income tax expense (benefit)	5,146		32,751		3,317		2,723		2,611		46,548
Net income (loss)	$	12,004	$	123,189	$	12,412	$	10,243	$	9,855	$	167,703

NOTE 11 – LOAN SERVICING RIGHTS

The Company sells certain residential mortgage loans and SBA loans to third parties. All such transfers are accounted for as sales and the continuing involvement in the loans sold is limited to certain servicing responsibilities. The Company has also acquired portfolios of residential mortgage, SBA and indirect automobile loans serviced for others. Loan servicing rights are initially recorded at fair value and subsequently recorded at the lower of cost or fair value and are amortized over the remaining service life of the loans, with consideration given to prepayment assumptions. Loan servicing rights are recorded in other assets on the consolidated balance sheets.

The carrying value of the loan servicing rights assets is shown in the table below:


(dollars in thousands)	September 30, 2021		December 31, 2020
Loan Servicing Rights
Residential mortgage	$	188,506	$	130,630
SBA	5,833		5,839
Indirect automobile	—		73
Total loan servicing rights	$	194,339	$	136,542

Residential Mortgage Loans

The Company sells certain first-lien residential mortgage loans to third party investors, primarily Federal National Mortgage Association (“FNMA”), Government National Mortgage Association (“GNMA”), and Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation (“FHLMC”). The Company retains the related mortgage servicing rights (“MSRs”) and receives servicing fees on certain of these loans. The net gain on loan sales, MSRs amortization and recoveries/impairment, and ongoing servicing fees on the portfolio of loans serviced for others are recorded in the consolidated statements of income and comprehensive income as part of mortgage banking activity.

During the three- and nine-months ended September 30, 2021, the Company recorded servicing fee income of $13.8 million and $35.3 million, respectively. During the three- and nine-months ended September 30, 2020, the Company recorded servicing fee income of $8.3 million and $21.4 million, respectively. Servicing fee income includes servicing fees, late fees and ancillary fees earned for each period.

The table below is an analysis of the activity in the Company’s MSRs and valuation allowance:


(dollars in thousands)	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
Residential mortgage servicing rights	2021		2020		2021		2020
Beginning carrying value, net	$	191,675	$	91,381	$	130,630	$	94,902
Additions	6,195		30,376		71,439		65,735

Amortization	(7,967)		(6,231)		(22,648)		(16,084)
Recoveries/(impairment)	(1,397)		(1,130)		9,085		(30,157)
Ending carrying value, net	$	188,506	$	114,396	$	188,506	$	114,396


(dollars in thousands)	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
Residential mortgage servicing valuation allowance	2021		2020		2021		2020
Beginning balance	$	28,925	$	29,131	$	39,407	$	104
Additions	1,397		1,130		1,397		30,157
Recoveries	—		—		(10,482)		—
Ending balance	$	30,322	$	30,261	$	30,322	$	30,261

The key metrics and the sensitivity of the fair value to adverse changes in model inputs and/or assumptions are summarized below:


(dollars in thousands)	September 30, 2021			December 31, 2020
Residential mortgage servicing rights
Unpaid principal balance of loans serviced for others	$	15,994,406		$	13,764,529
Composition of residential loans serviced for others:
FHLMC	21.86		%	21.55		%
FNMA	60.05		%	61.75		%
GNMA	18.09		%	16.70		%
Total	100.00		%	100.00		%
Weighted average term (months)	341			340
Weighted average age (months)	20			20
Modeled prepayment speed	12.46		%	18.82		%
Decline in fair value due to a 10% adverse change	(8,334)			(7,154)
Decline in fair value due to a 20% adverse change	(16,035)			(13,664)
Weighted average discount rate	8.77		%	9.50		%
Decline in fair value due to a 10% adverse change	(6,503)			(4,304)
Decline in fair value due to a 20% adverse change	(12,565)			(8,321)

The sensitivity calculations above are hypothetical and should not be considered to be predictive of future performance. As indicated, changes in fair value based on adverse changes in model inputs and/or assumptions generally cannot be extrapolated because the relationship of the change in input or assumption to the change in fair value may not be linear. In addition, the effect of an adverse variation in a particular input or assumption on the value of the residential mortgage servicing rights is calculated without changing any other input or assumption. In reality, changes in one factor may magnify or counteract the effect of the change.

SBA Loans

All sales of SBA loans, consisting of the guaranteed portion, are executed on a servicing retained basis. These loans, which are partially guaranteed by the SBA, are generally secured by business property such as real estate, inventory, equipment and accounts receivable. The net gain on SBA loan sales, amortization and impairment/recoveries of servicing rights, and ongoing servicing fees are recorded in the consolidated statements of income and comprehensive income as part of other noninterest income.

During the three- and nine-months ended September 30, 2021, the Company recorded servicing fee income of $1.0 million and $3.0 million, respectively. During the three- and nine-months ended September 30, 2020, the Company recorded servicing fee income of $1.1 million and $3.3 million, respectively. Servicing fee income includes servicing fees, late fees and ancillary fees earned for each period.

The table below is an analysis of the activity in the Company’s SBA loan servicing rights and valuation allowance:


(dollars in thousands)	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
SBA servicing rights	2021		2020		2021		2020
Beginning carrying value, net	$	6,123	$	5,241	$	5,839	$	7,886
Additions	265		499		736		974

Purchase accounting adjustment	—		—		—		(1,214)
Amortization	(555)		(396)		(1,647)		(1,175)
Recoveries/(impairment)	—		718		905		(409)
Ending carrying value, net	$	5,833	$	6,062	$	5,833	$	6,062


(dollars in thousands)	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
SBA servicing valuation allowance	2021		2020		2021		2020
Beginning balance	$	—	$	1,268	$	905	$	141
Additions	—		—		—		409
Recoveries	—		(718)		(905)		—
Ending balance	$	—	$	550	$	—	$	550


(dollars in thousands)	September 30, 2021			December 31, 2020
SBA servicing rights
Unpaid principal balance of loans serviced for others	$	418,377		$	351,325
Weighted average life (in years)	3.60			3.46
Modeled prepayment speed	18.10		%	19.14		%
Decline in fair value due to a 10% adverse change	(318)			(335)
Decline in fair value due to a 20% adverse change	(606)			(636)
Weighted average discount rate	10.62		%	9.55		%
Decline in fair value due to a 100 basis point adverse change	(153)			(151)
Decline in fair value due to a 200 basis point adverse change	(299)			(295)

effect of an adverse variation in a particular input or assumption on the value of the SBA servicing rights is calculated without changing any other input or assumption. In reality, changes in one factor may magnify or counteract the effect of the change.

Indirect Automobile Loans

The Company previously acquired a portfolio of indirect automobile loans serviced for others. These loans, or portions of loans, were sold on a servicing retained basis. Amortization and impairment/recoveries of servicing rights, and ongoing servicing fees are recorded in the consolidated statements of income and comprehensive income as part of other noninterest income. The Company is not actively originating or selling indirect automobile loans.


(dollars in thousands)	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
Indirect automobile servicing rights	2021		2020		2021		2020
Beginning carrying value, net	$	—	$	162	$	73	$	247

Amortization	—		(45)		(73)		(130)

Ending carrying value, net	$	—	$	117	$	—	$	117

During the three- and nine-months ended September 30, 2021, the Company recorded servicing fee income of $135,000 and $510,000, respectively. During the three- and nine-months ended September 30, 2020, the Company recorded servicing fee income of $259,000 and $1.5 million, respectively. Servicing fee income includes servicing fees, late fees and ancillary fees earned for each period.

Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.

Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements

Certain of the statements made in this report are “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of, and subject to the protections of, Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”), and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”). Forward-looking statements include statements with respect to our beliefs, plans, objectives, goals, expectations, anticipations, assumptions, estimates, intentions and future performance and involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors, many of which may be beyond our control and which may cause the actual results, performance or achievements of the Company to be materially different from future results, performance or achievements expressed or implied by such forward-looking statements.

All statements other than statements of historical fact are statements that could be forward-looking statements. You can identify these forward-looking statements through our use of words such as “may,” “will,” “anticipate,” “assume,” “should,” “indicate,” “would,” “believe,” “contemplate,” “expect,” “estimate,” “continue,” “plan,” “point to,” “project,” “predict,” “could,” “intend,” “target,” “potential” and other similar words and expressions of the future. These forward-looking statements may not be realized due to a variety of factors, including, without limitation, the following: general competitive, economic, unemployment, political and market conditions and fluctuations, including real estate market conditions, and the effects of such conditions and fluctuations on the creditworthiness of borrowers, collateral values, asset recovery values and the value of investment securities; movements in interest rates and their impacts on net interest margin; expectations on credit quality and performance; competitive pressures on product pricing and services; legislative and regulatory changes; changes in U.S. government monetary and fiscal policy; the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the general economy, our customers and the allowance for loan losses; the benefits that may be realized by our customers from government assistance programs and regulatory actions related to the COVID-19 pandemic; the potential impact of the phase-out of the London Interbank Offered Rate ("LIBOR") or other changes involving LIBOR; additional competition in our markets; changes in state and federal banking laws and regulations to which we are subject; financial market conditions and the results of financing efforts; changes in commodity prices and interest rates; the cost savings and any revenue synergies expected to result from acquisition transactions, which may not be fully realized within the expected timeframes if at all; the success and timing of other business strategies; our outlook and long-term goals for future growth; weather events, natural disasters, geopolitical events, acts of war or terrorism or other hostilities, public health crises and other catastrophic events beyond our control; and other factors discussed in our filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) under the Exchange Act.

All written or oral forward-looking statements that are made by or are attributable to us are expressly qualified in their entirety by this cautionary notice. Our forward-looking statements apply only as of the date of this report or the respective date of the document from which they are incorporated herein by reference. We have no obligation and do not undertake to update, revise or correct any of the forward-looking statements after the date of this report, or after the respective dates on which such statements otherwise are made, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise.

Overview

The following is management’s discussion and analysis of certain significant factors which have affected the financial condition and results of operations of the Company as reflected in the unaudited consolidated balance sheet as of September 30, 2021, as compared with December 31, 2020, and operating results for the three- and nine-month periods ended September 30, 2021 and 2020. These comments should be read in conjunction with the Company’s unaudited consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes appearing elsewhere herein.

This discussion contains certain performance measures determined by methods other than in accordance with GAAP. Management of the Company uses these non-GAAP measures in its analysis of the Company’s performance. These measures are useful when evaluating the underlying performance and efficiency of the Company’s operations and balance sheet. The Company’s management believes that these non-GAAP measures provide a greater understanding of ongoing operations, enhance comparability of results with prior periods and demonstrate the effects of significant gains and charges in the current period. The Company’s management believes that investors may use these non-GAAP financial measures to evaluate the Company’s financial performance without the impact of unusual items that may obscure trends in the Company’s underlying performance. These disclosures should not be viewed as a substitute for financial measures determined in accordance with GAAP, nor are they necessarily comparable to non-GAAP performance measures that may be presented by other companies. Non-GAAP measures include adjusted net income and adjusted net income per diluted share. The Company calculates the regulatory capital ratios using current regulatory report instructions. The Company’s management uses these measures to assess the quality of capital and believes that investors may find them useful in their evaluation of the Company. These capital measures may or may not be necessarily comparable to similar capital measures that may be presented by other companies.

Critical Accounting Policies

There have been no significant changes to our critical accounting policies from those disclosed in our 2020 Annual Report on Form 10-K. The reader should refer to the notes to our consolidated financial statements in our 2020 Annual Report on Form 10-K for a full disclosure of all critical accounting policies.

Results of Operations for the Three Months Ended September 30, 2021 and 2020

Consolidated Earnings and Profitability

Ameris reported net income available to common shareholders of $81.7 million, or $1.17 per diluted share, for the quarter ended September 30, 2021, compared with $116.1 million, or $1.67 per diluted share, for the same period in 2020. The Company’s return on average assets and average shareholders’ equity were 1.47% and 11.27%, respectively, in the third quarter of 2021, compared with 2.33% and 18.27%, respectively, in the third quarter of 2020. During the third quarter of 2021, the Company recorded pre-tax merger and conversion charges of $183,000, pre-tax servicing right impairment of $1.4 million and pre-tax losses on bank premises of $1.1 million. During the third quarter of 2020, the Company recorded pre-tax merger and conversion charges of negative $44,000, pre-tax restructuring charges related to branch consolidations and efficiency initiatives of $50,000, pre-tax servicing right impairment of $412,000, pre-tax gain on BOLI proceeds of $103,000, pre-tax expenses related to SEC and DOJ investigation of $268,000, pre-tax expenses related to the COVID-19 pandemic of $470,000 and pre-tax gains on bank premises of $97,000. Excluding these adjustment items, the Company’s net income would have been $83.9 million, or $1.20 per diluted share, for the third quarter of 2021 and $116.9 million, or $1.69 per diluted share, for the third quarter of 2020.

Below is a reconciliation of adjusted net income to net income, as discussed above.


	Three Months Ended September 30,
(in thousands, except share and per share data)	2021		2020
Net income	$	81,680	$	116,145
Adjustment items:
Merger and conversion charges	183		(44)

Restructuring charge	—		50
Servicing right impairment (recovery)	1,398		412
Gain on BOLI proceeds	—		(103)
Expenses related to SEC and DOJ investigation	—		268
Natural disaster and pandemic expenses	—		470
(Gain) loss on bank premises	1,136		(97)
Tax effect of adjustment items (Note 1)	(536)		(222)
After tax adjustment items	2,181		734
Adjusted net income	$	83,861	$	116,879

Weighted average common shares outstanding - diluted	69,756,135		69,346,141
Net income per diluted share	$	1.17	$	1.67
Adjusted net income per diluted share	$	1.20	$	1.69

Note 1: Tax effect is calculated utilizing a 21% rate for taxable adjustments. Gain on BOLI proceeds is non-taxable and no tax effect is included. A portion of the merger and conversion charges for the three months ended September 30, 2021 is nondeductible for tax purposes.

Below is additional information regarding the retail banking activities, mortgage banking activities, warehouse lending activities, SBA activities and premium finance activities of the Company during the third quarter of 2021 and 2020, respectively:


	Three Months Ended September 30, 2021
(dollars in thousands)	Banking Division		Retail Mortgage Division		Warehouse Lending Division		SBA Division		Premium Finance Division		Total
Interest income	$	110,708	$	33,390	$	9,093	$	11,986	$	7,869	$	173,046
Interest expense	(2,816)		12,101		381		1,287		432		11,385
Net interest income	113,524		21,289		8,712		10,699		7,437		161,661
Provision for credit losses	(9,578)		1,678		(291)		(1,104)		(380)		(9,675)
Noninterest income	17,896		55,555		1,037		2,070		4		76,562
Noninterest expense
Salaries and employee benefits	40,020		36,373		264		1,320		1,694		79,671
Occupancy and equipment	10,196		1,590		—		116		77		11,979
Data processing and communications expenses	9,159		1,357		59		18		88		10,681
Other expenses	21,723		11,675		200		370		897		34,865
Total noninterest expense	81,098		50,995		523		1,824		2,756		137,196
Income before income tax expense	59,900		24,171		9,517		12,049		5,065		110,702
Income tax expense	17,784		5,076		1,999		2,530		1,633		29,022
Net income	$	42,116	$	19,095	$	7,518	$	9,519	$	3,432	$	81,680


	Three Months Ended September 30, 2020
(dollars in thousands)	Banking Division		Retail Mortgage Division		Warehouse Lending Division		SBA Division		Premium Finance Division		Total
Interest income	$	123,593	$	31,040	$	6,844	$	10,958	$	7,499	$	179,934
Interest expense	4,031		10,647		298		1,992		428		17,396
Net interest income	119,562		20,393		6,546		8,966		7,071		162,538
Provision for credit losses	487		15,051		495		4,297		(2,648)		17,682
Noninterest income	15,265		137,583		1,064		5,106		—		159,018
Noninterest expense
Salaries and employee benefits	39,718		53,500		266		1,572		1,642		96,698
Occupancy and equipment	11,955		1,676		1		97		76		13,805
Data processing and communications expenses	9,716		2,349		73		4		84		12,226
Other expenses	21,517		7,889		28		595		934		30,963
Total noninterest expense	82,906		65,414		368		2,268		2,736		153,692
Income before income tax expense	51,434		77,511		6,747		7,507		6,983		150,182
Income tax expense	13,453		16,112		1,431		1,577		1,464		34,037
Net income	$	37,981	$	61,399	$	5,316	$	5,930	$	5,519	$	116,145

Net Interest Income and Margins

The following table sets forth the average balance, interest income or interest expense, and average interest rate for each category of interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities, net interest spread, and net interest margin on average interest-earning assets for the three months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020. Federally tax-exempt income is presented on a taxable-equivalent basis assuming a 21% federal tax rate.


	Quarter Ended September 30,
	2021					2020
(dollars in thousands)	Average Balance		Interest Income/ Expense		Average Yield/ Rate Paid	Average Balance		Interest Income/ Expense		Average Yield/ Rate Paid
Assets
Interest-earning assets:
Federal funds sold, interest-bearing deposits in banks, and time deposits in other banks	$	3,102,413	$	1,253	0.16%	$	487,441	$	166	0.14%
Investment securities	803,953		5,472		2.70%	1,246,860		7,462		2.38%
Loans held for sale	1,497,320		10,618		2.81%	1,507,481		10,365		2.74%
Loans	14,685,878		156,861		4.24%	14,688,317		163,352		4.42%
Total interest-earning assets	20,089,564		174,204		3.44%	17,930,099		181,345		4.02%
Noninterest-earning assets	1,998,078					1,879,985
Total assets	$	22,087,642				$	19,810,084

Liabilities and Shareholders’ Equity
Interest-bearing liabilities:
Savings and interest-bearing demand deposits	$	9,322,590	$	2,907	0.12%	$	7,741,528	$	4,329	0.22%
Time deposits	1,919,695		2,199		0.45%	2,276,083		7,493		1.31%
Federal funds purchased and securities sold under agreements to repurchase	5,133		4		0.31%	10,483		9		0.34%
FHLB advances	48,866		195		1.58%	799,034		661		0.33%
Other borrowings	376,489		4,640		4.89%	272,443		3,558		5.20%
Subordinated deferrable interest debentures	125,567		1,440		4.55%	123,604		1,346		4.33%
Total interest-bearing liabilities	11,798,340		11,385		0.38%	11,223,175		17,396		0.62%
Demand deposits	7,168,717					5,782,163
Other liabilities	245,894					275,275
Shareholders’ equity	2,874,691					2,529,471
Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity	$	22,087,642				$	19,810,084
Interest rate spread					3.06%					3.40%
Net interest income			$	162,819				$	163,949
Net interest margin					3.22%					3.64%

On a tax-equivalent basis, net interest income for the third quarter of 2021 was $162.8 million, a decrease of $1.1 million, or 0.7%, compared with $163.9 million reported in the same quarter in 2020. The lower net interest income is a result of a shift in mix to lower yielding interest-bearing cash, partially offset by disciplined deposit repricing and a reduction in borrowing costs. Average interest earning assets increased $2.16 billion, or 12.0%, from $17.93 billion in the third quarter of 2020 to $20.09 billion for the third quarter of 2021. This growth in interest earning assets resulted primarily from excess liquidity from deposit growth. The Company’s net interest margin during the third quarter of 2021 was 3.22%, down 42 basis points from 3.64% reported in the third quarter of 2020. Loan production in the lines of business (including retail mortgage, warehouse lending, SBA and premium finance) amounted to $5.8 billion during the third quarter of 2021, with weighted average yields of 3.37%, compared with $7.7 billion and 3.33%, respectively, during the third quarter of 2020. Loan production in the banking division amounted to $913.3 million during the third quarter of 2021, with weighted average yields of 3.56%, compared with $870.0 million and 4.00%, respectively, during the third quarter of 2020.

Total interest income, on a tax-equivalent basis, decreased to $174.2 million during the third quarter of 2021, compared with $181.3 million in the same quarter of 2020. Yields on earning assets decreased to 3.44% during the third quarter of 2021, compared with 4.02% reported in the third quarter of 2020. During the third quarter of 2021, loans comprised 80.6% of average earning assets, compared with 90.3% in the same quarter of 2020. Yields on loans decreased to 4.24% in the third quarter of 2021, compared with 4.42% in the same period of 2020. Accretion income for the third quarter of 2021 was $2.9 million, compared with $6.5 million in the third quarter of 2020.

The yield on total interest-bearing liabilities decreased from 0.62% in the third quarter of 2020 to 0.38% in the third quarter of 2021. Total funding costs, inclusive of noninterest-bearing demand deposits, decreased to 0.24% in the third quarter of 2021, compared with 0.41% during the third quarter of 2020. Deposit costs decreased from 0.30% in the third quarter of 2020 to 0.11% in the third quarter of 2021. Non-deposit funding costs increased from 1.84% in the third quarter of 2020 to 4.48% in the third quarter of 2021. The increase in non-deposit funding costs was driven primarily by a shift in mix from short-term FHLB advances as excess liquidity reduced outstanding FHLB advances. Average balances of interest bearing deposits and their respective costs for the third quarter of 2021 and 2020 are shown below:


	Three Months Ended September 30, 2021			Three Months Ended September 30, 2020
(dollars in thousands)	Average Balance		Average Cost	Average Balance		Average Cost
NOW	$	3,447,909	0.09%	$	2,718,315	0.20%
MMDA	4,966,492		0.16%	4,273,899		0.26%
Savings	908,189		0.06%	749,314		0.06%
Retail CDs	1,919,184		0.45%	2,274,150		1.31%
Brokered CDs	511		3.11%	1,933		1.85%
Interest-bearing deposits	$	11,242,285	0.18%	$	10,017,611	0.47%

Provision for Credit Losses

The Company’s provision for credit losses during the third quarter of 2021 amounted to a reversal of $9.7 million, compared with a provision of $17.7 million in the third quarter of 2020. This decrease was primarily attributable to an improved economic forecast in our CECL model, particularly levels of home prices and commercial real estate prices. The provision for credit losses for the third quarter of 2021 was comprised of negative $4.0 million related to loans, negative $5.5 million related to unfunded commitments and negative $175,000 related to other credit losses compared with $26.7 million related to loans, negative $10.1 million related to unfunded commitments and $1.1 million related to other credit losses for the third quarter of 2020. Non-performing assets as a percentage of total assets decreased from 0.48% at December 31, 2020 to 0.32% at September 30, 2021. The decrease in non-performing assets is primarily attributable to a decrease in nonaccruing loans as a result of collection activities and upgrades and continued success with OREO sales. The Company recognized net recoveries on loans during the third quarter of 2021 of approximately $127,000, or 0.00% of average loans on an annualized basis, compared with net charge-offs of approximately $3.6 million, or 0.10%, in the third quarter of 2020. The Company’s total allowance for credit losses on loans at September 30, 2021 was $171.2 million, or 1.15% of total loans, compared with $199.4 million, or 1.38% of total loans, at December 31, 2020. This decrease is primarily attributable to the provision release noted above and for the year-to-date period amounting to negative $21.5 million.

Noninterest Income

Total noninterest income for the third quarter of 2021 was $76.6 million, a decrease of $82.5 million, or 51.9%, from the $159.0 million reported in the third quarter of 2020. Income from mortgage-related activities was $56.5 million in the third quarter of 2021, a decrease of $82.2 million, or 59.3%, from $138.6 million in the third quarter of 2020. Total production in the third quarter of 2021 amounted to $2.06 billion, compared with $2.92 billion in the same quarter of 2020, while spread (gain on sale) decreased to 3.17% in the current quarter, compared with 3.92% in the same quarter of 2020. The retail mortgage open pipeline finished the third quarter of 2021 at $1.93 billion, compared with $1.75 billion at June 30, 2021 and $2.71 billion at the end of the third quarter of 2020. Service charges on deposit accounts increased $572,000, or 5.2%, to $11.5 million in the third quarter of 2021, compared with $10.9 million in the third quarter of 2020. This increase in service charges on deposit accounts is due primarily to an increase in volume, particularly in business accounts.

Other noninterest income decreased $1.5 million, or 17.8%, to $6.9 million for the third quarter of 2021, compared with $8.4 million during the third quarter of 2020. The decrease in other noninterest income was primarily attributable to a decrease in gains on sales of SBA loans of $2.0 million, partially offset by an increase of $657,000 in BOLI income.

Noninterest Expense

Total noninterest expense for the third quarter of 2021 decreased $16.5 million, or 10.7%, to $137.2 million, compared with $153.7 million in the same quarter 2020. Salaries and employee benefits decreased $17.0 million, or 17.6%, from $96.7 million in the third quarter of 2020 to $79.7 million in the third quarter of 2021, due primarily to decreases in variable compensation tied to mortgage production and overtime of $15.6 million and $1.2 million, respectively. Occupancy and equipment expenses decreased $1.8 million, or 13.2%, to $12.0 million for the third quarter of 2021, compared with $13.8 million in the third

quarter of 2020, due primarily to reductions in leased locations related to previously announced efficiency initiatives and real estate taxes. Data processing and communications expenses decreased $1.5 million, or 12.6%, to $10.7 million in the third quarter of 2021, compared with $12.2 million in the third quarter of 2020. Advertising and marketing expense was $2.7 million in the third quarter of 2021, compared with $1.0 million in the third quarter of 2020. Amortization of intangible assets decreased $803,000, or 19.2%, from $4.2 million in the third quarter of 2020 to $3.4 million in the third quarter of 2021. Core deposit intangibles are being amortized over an accelerated basis; therefore, the expense recorded will decline over the life of the asset. There were $183,000 of merger and conversion charges in the third quarter of 2021, compared with negative $44,000 of such charges in the same quarter of 2020. Other noninterest expenses increased $3.2 million, or 12.7%, from $25.0 million in the third quarter of 2020 to $28.2 million in the third quarter of 2021, due primarily to an increase of $2.0 million in loan servicing expenses, an increase in loss on bank premises of $2.1 million and an increase of $897,000 in check card losses. These increases in other noninterest expenses were partially offset by decreases in FDIC insurance expense of $1.1 million, expenses related to the COVID-19 pandemic of $470,000 and variable expenses tied to production in our lines of business.

Income Taxes

Income tax expense is influenced by the statutory rate, the amount of taxable income, the amount of tax-exempt income and the amount of nondeductible expenses. For the third quarter of 2021, the Company reported income tax expense of $29.0 million, compared with $34.0 million in the same period of 2020. The Company’s effective tax rate for the three months ending September 30, 2021 and 2020 was 26.2% and 22.7%, respectively. The increase in the effective tax rate is primarily a result of a state tax liability adjustment during the third quarter of 2021.

Results of Operations for the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2021 and 2020

Consolidated Earnings and Profitability

Ameris reported net income available to common shareholders of $295.0 million, or $4.23 per diluted share, for the nine months ended September 30, 2021, compared with $167.7 million, or $2.42 per diluted share, for the same period in 2020. The Company’s return on average assets and average shareholders’ equity were 1.84% and 14.14%, respectively, in the nine months ended September 30, 2021, compared with 1.18% and 8.96%, respectively, in the same period in 2020. During the first nine months of 2021, the Company recorded pre-tax merger and conversion charges of $183,000, pre-tax servicing right recovery of $10.0 million, pre-tax gain on BOLI proceeds of $603,000 and pre-tax loss on bank premises of $636,000. During the first nine months of 2020, the Company incurred pre-tax merger and conversion charges of $1.4 million, pre-tax restructuring charges related to branch consolidations of $1.5 million, pre-tax servicing right impairment of $30.6 million, pre-tax gain on BOLI proceeds of $948,000, pre-tax expenses related to SEC and DOJ investigation of $3.0 million, pre-tax expenses related to the COVID-19 pandemic of $3.1 million and pre-tax loss on bank premises of $654,000. Excluding these adjustment items, the Company’s net income would have been $287.2 million, or $4.12 per diluted share, for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 and $198.5 million, or $2.86 per diluted share, for the same period in 2020.

Below is a reconciliation of adjusted net income to net income, as discussed above.


	Nine Months Ended September 30,
(in thousands, except share and per share data)	2021		2020
Net income available to common shareholders	$	294,969	$	167,703
Adjustment items:
Merger and conversion charges	183		1,391

Restructuring charge	—		1,513
Servicing right impairment (recovery)	(9,990)		30,566
Gain on BOLI proceeds	(603)		(948)
Expenses related to SEC and DOJ investigation	—		3,005
Natural disaster and pandemic charges	—		3,061
Loss on bank premises	636		654
Tax effect of adjustment items (Note 1)	1,960		(8,438)
After tax adjustment items	(7,814)		30,804
Adjusted net income	$	287,155	$	198,507

Weighted average common shares outstanding - diluted	69,772,084		69,403,104
Net income per diluted share	$	4.23	$	2.42
Adjusted net income per diluted share	$	4.12	$	2.86

Note 1: Tax effect is calculated utilizing a 21% rate for taxable adjustments. Gain on BOLI proceeds is non-taxable and no tax effect is included. A portion of the merger and conversion charges for both periods is nondeductible for tax purposes.


	Nine Months Ended September 30, 2021
(dollars in thousands)	Banking Division		Retail Mortgage Division		Warehouse Lending Division		SBA Division		Premium Finance Division		Total
Interest income	$	332,347	$	97,674	$	28,408	$	44,070	$	22,248	$	524,747
Interest expense	(4,663)		34,868		1,070		3,854		1,128		36,257
Net interest income	337,010		62,806		27,338		40,216		21,120		488,490
Provision for loan losses	(37,431)		2,772		(591)		(2,258)		(616)		(38,124)
Noninterest income	50,805		222,250		3,350		7,358		12		283,775
Noninterest expense
Salaries and employee benefits	120,557		131,009		872		3,639		5,084		261,161
Occupancy and equipment	29,366		4,619		2		354		231		34,572
Data processing and communications expenses	29,640		4,338		176		19		269		34,442
Other expenses	60,196		27,502		263		949		2,670		91,580
Total noninterest expense	239,759		167,468		1,313		4,961		8,254		421,755
Income before income tax expense	185,487		114,816		29,966		44,871		13,494		388,634
Income tax expense	50,436		24,111		6,293		9,423		3,402		93,665
Net income	$	135,051	$	90,705	$	23,673	$	35,448	$	10,092	$	294,969


	Nine Months Ended September 30, 2020
(dollars in thousands)	Banking Division		Retail Mortgage Division		Warehouse Lending Division		SBA Division		Premium Finance Division		Total
Interest income	$	384,547	$	99,165	$	16,979	$	23,443	$	23,586	$	547,720
Interest expense	26,280		36,714		2,105		5,262		3,062		73,423
Net interest income	358,267		62,451		14,874		18,181		20,524		474,297
Provision for loan losses	123,289		17,471		889		5,716		(475)		146,890
Noninterest income	47,506		276,147		2,751		7,953		—		334,357
Noninterest expense
Salaries and employee benefits	121,762		134,600		685		5,660		5,105		267,812
Occupancy and equipment	33,981		5,133		3		291		232		39,640
Data processing and communications expenses	29,432		4,741		169		32		320		34,694
Other expenses	80,159		20,713		150		1,469		2,876		105,367
Total noninterest expense	265,334		165,187		1,007		7,452		8,533		447,513
Income before income tax expense	17,150		155,940		15,729		12,966		12,466		214,251
Income tax expense	5,146		32,751		3,317		2,723		2,611		46,548
Net income	$	12,004	$	123,189	$	12,412	$	10,243	$	9,855	$	167,703

Net Interest Income and Margins

The following table sets forth the average balance, interest income or interest expense, and average yield/rate paid for each category of interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities, net interest spread, and net interest margin on average interest-earning assets for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020. Federally tax-exempt income is presented on a taxable-equivalent basis assuming a 21% federal tax rate.


	Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2021					2020
(dollars in thousands)	Average Balance		Interest Income/ Expense		Average Yield/ Rate Paid	Average Balance		Interest Income/ Expense		Average Yield/ Rate Paid
Assets
Interest-earning assets:
Federal funds sold, interest-bearing deposits in banks, and time deposits in other banks	$	2,586,564	$	2,394	0.12%	$	452,503	$	1,621	0.48%
Investment securities	872,306		17,188		2.63%	1,361,586		27,287		2.68%
Loans held for sale	1,496,548		33,218		2.97%	1,569,337		38,055		3.24%
Loans	14,563,835		475,446		4.36%	13,772,102		484,605		4.70%
Total interest-earning assets	19,519,253		528,246		3.62%	17,155,528		551,568		4.29%
Noninterest-earning assets	1,943,248					1,889,500
Total assets	$	21,462,501				$	19,045,028

Liabilities and Shareholders’ Equity
Interest-bearing liabilities:
Savings and interest-bearing demand deposits	$	9,052,996	$	8,801	0.13%	$	7,345,828	$	22,184	0.40%
Time deposits	1,997,248		8,878		0.59%	2,477,483		28,013		1.51%
Federal funds purchased and securities sold under agreements to repurchase	7,085		16		0.30%	12,849		74		0.77%
FHLB advances	48,909		580		1.59%	1,091,885		7,456		0.91%
Other borrowings	376,376		13,961		4.96%	270,407		10,556		5.21%
Subordinated deferrable interest debentures	125,073		4,021		4.30%	124,814		5,140		5.50%
Total interest-bearing liabilities	11,607,687		36,257		0.42%	11,323,266		73,423		0.87%
Demand deposits	6,821,256					4,977,833
Other liabilities	243,579					243,240
Shareholders’ equity	2,789,979					2,500,689
Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity	$	21,462,501				$	19,045,028
Interest rate spread					3.20%					3.42%
Net interest income			$	491,989				$	478,145
Net interest margin					3.37%					3.72%

On a tax-equivalent basis, net interest income for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 was $492.0 million, an increase of $13.8 million, or 2.9%, compared with $478.1 million reported in the same period of 2020. The higher net interest income is a result of growth in average earning assets, disciplined deposit pricing and a reduction in borrowing costs, partially offset by a decline in the yield on earning assets. Average interest earning assets increased $2.36 billion, or 13.7%, from $17.16 billion in the first nine months of 2020 to $19.52 billion for the first nine months of 2021. This growth in interest earning assets resulted primarily from organic growth in average loans and excess liquidity from deposit growth. The Company’s net interest margin during the first nine months of 2021 was 3.37%, down 35 basis points from 3.72% reported for the first nine months of 2020. Loan production in the lines of business (including retail mortgage, warehouse lending, SBA and premium finance) amounted to $19.7 billion during the first nine months of 2021, with weighted average yields of 3.29%, compared with $18.8 billion and 3.44%, respectively, during the first nine months of 2020. Loan production yields in the lines of business were negatively impacted five and 15 basis points during the first nine months of 2021 and 2020, respectively, by originations of PPP loans in our SBA division. Loan production in the banking division amounted to $2.4 billion during the first nine months of 2021 with weighted average yields of 3.69%, compared with $2.3 billion and 4.26%, respectively, during the first nine months of 2020.

Total interest income, on a tax-equivalent basis, decreased to $528.2 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2021, compared with $551.6 million in the same period of 2020. Yields on earning assets decreased to 3.62% during the first nine months of 2021, compared with 4.29% reported in the same period of 2020. During the first nine months of 2021, loans comprised 82.3% of average earning assets, compared with 89.4% in the same period of 2020. Yields on loans decreased to

4.36% during the nine months ended September 30, 2021, compared with 4.70% in the same period of 2020. Accretion income for the first nine months of 2021 was $13.5 million, compared with $22.7 million in the first nine months of 2020.

The yield on total interest-bearing liabilities decreased from 0.87% during the nine months ended September 30, 2020 to 0.42% in the same period of 2021. Total funding costs, inclusive of noninterest-bearing demand deposits, decreased to 0.26% in the first nine months of 2021, compared with 0.60% during the same period of 2020. Deposit costs decreased from 0.45% in the first nine months of 2020 to 0.13% in the same period of 2021. Non-deposit funding costs increased from 2.07% in the first nine months of 2020 to 4.46% in the same period of 2021. The increase in non-deposit funding costs was driven primarily by a shift in mix from short-term FHLB advances as excess liquidity reduced outstanding FHLB advances. Average balances of interest bearing deposits and their respective costs for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020 are shown below:


	Nine Months Ended September 30, 2021			Nine Months Ended September 30, 2020
(dollars in thousands)	Average Balance		Average Cost	Average Balance		Average Cost
NOW	$	3,315,803	0.10%	$	2,483,383	0.29%
MMDA	4,867,509		0.16%	4,167,207		0.52%
Savings	869,684		0.06%	695,238		0.08%
Retail CDs	1,996,413		0.59%	2,455,833		1.51%
Brokered CDs	835		2.88%	21,650		2.03%
Interest-bearing deposits	$	11,050,244	0.21%	$	9,823,311	0.68%

Provision for Credit Losses

The Company’s provision for credit losses during the nine months ended September 30, 2021 amounted to negative $38.1 million, compared with $146.9 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2020. This decrease was primarily attributable to an improved economic forecast in our CECL model, particularly levels of unemployment, home prices, gross domestic product and rental vacancies. The construction and development segment was the largest contributor to the decrease in provision as a result of both a decline in funded balances and an improvement in qualitative factors compared with December 31, 2020. The improvement in qualitative factors is attributable to uncertainty in the forecast and loss drivers used in the December 31, 2020 provision estimate which Management determined were both properly addressed in the current estimate. The provision for credit losses for the first nine months of 2021 was comprised of negative $21.5 million related to loans, negative $16.1 million related to unfunded commitments and negative $606,000 related to other credit losses compared with $132.2 million related to loans, $13.6 million related to unfunded commitments and $1.1 million related to other credit losses for the same period in 2020. Non-performing assets as a percentage of total assets decreased from 0.48% at December 31, 2020 to 0.32% at September 30, 2021. The decrease in non-performing assets is primarily attributable to a decrease in nonaccruing loans as a result of collection activities and upgrades and continued success with OREO sales. Net charge-offs on loans during the first nine months of 2021 were $6.7 million, or 0.06% of average loans on an annualized basis, compared with approximately $17.1 million, or 0.17%, in the first nine months of 2020. The Company’s total allowance for credit losses on loans at September 30, 2021 was $171.2 million, or 1.15% of total loans, compared with $199.4 million, or 1.38% of total loans, at December 31, 2020. This decrease is primarily attributable to the provision release noted above.

Noninterest Income

Total noninterest income for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 was $283.8 million, a decrease of $50.6 million, or 15.1%, from the $334.4 million reported for the nine months ended September 30, 2020. Income from mortgage-related activities decreased $53.7 million, or 19.3%, from $278.9 million in the first nine months of 2020 to $225.2 million in the same period of 2021. Total production in the first nine months of 2021 amounted to $7.09 billion, compared with $6.95 billion in the same period of 2020, while spread (gain on sale) decreased to 3.33% during the nine months ended September 30, 2021, compared with 3.57% in the same period of 2020. The retail mortgage open pipeline was $1.93 billion at September 30, 2021, compared with $2.00 billion at December 31, 2020 and $2.71 billion at September 30, 2020. Mortgage-related activities was positively impacted during the first nine months of 2021 by a recovery of previous mortgage servicing right impairment of $9.1 million, compared with an impairment of $30.2 million for the same period in 2020.

Other noninterest income increased $1.7 million, or 8.5%, to $21.5 million for the first nine months of 2021, compared with $19.8 million during the same period of 2020. The increase in other noninterest income was primarily attributable to an increase in BOLI income of $927,000, an increase in merchant fee income of $942,000 and an increase in trust income of $1.3 million, partially offset by a decrease of $1.2 million in gain on sales of SBA loans.

Noninterest Expense

Total noninterest expenses for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 decreased $25.8 million, or 5.8%, to $421.8 million, compared with $447.5 million in the same period of 2020. Salaries and employee benefits decreased $6.7 million, or 2.5%, from $267.8 million in the first nine months of 2020 to $261.2 million in the same period of 2021 due primarily to decreases in variable compensation tied to mortgage production and overtime in our mortgage division of $3.9 million and $1.2 million, respectively. Occupancy and equipment expenses decreased $5.1 million, or 12.8%, to $34.6 million for the first nine months of 2021, compared with $39.6 million in the same period of 2020, due primarily to a reduction in leased locations related to previously announced efficiency initiatives. Data processing and communications expenses decreased $252,000, or 0.7%, to $34.4 million in the first nine months of 2021, from $34.7 million reported in the same period of 2020. Credit resolution-related expenses decreased $2.4 million, or 60.9%, from $4.0 million in the first nine months of 2020 to $1.5 million in the same period of 2021. This decrease in credit resolution-related expenses primarily resulted from a reduction in write-downs on OREO properties of $492,000, a $1.1 million decrease in problem loan expenses and an increase in gain on sale of OREO properties of $804,000. Advertising and marketing expense was $6.1 million in the first nine months of 2021, compared with $4.8 million in the first nine months of 2020. Amortization of intangible assets decreased $3.8 million, or 24.9%, from $15.4 million in the first nine months of 2020 to $11.6 million in the first nine months of 2021. Core deposit intangibles are being amortized over an accelerated basis; therefore, the expense recorded will decline over the life of the asset. There were $183,000 in merger and conversion charges in the first nine months of 2021, compared with $1.4 million in the same period in 2020. Other noninterest expenses decreased $7.6 million, or 9.5%, from $79.8 million in the first nine months of 2020 to $72.2 million in the same period of 2021, due primarily to a decrease of $5.1 million in FDIC insurance expense, a decrease of $3.1 million in expenses related to the COVID-19 pandemic and a decrease of $4.5 million in legal and professional fees. These decreases in other noninterest expenses were partially offset by increases in loan servicing expenses of $2.7 million and variable expenses tied to production in our mortgage division.

Income Taxes

Income tax expense is influenced by the statutory rate, the amount of taxable income, the amount of tax-exempt income and the amount of nondeductible expenses. For the nine months ended September 30, 2021, the Company reported income tax expense of $93.7 million, compared with $46.5 million in the same period of 2020. The Company’s effective tax rate for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020 was 24.1% and 21.7%, respectively. The increase in the effective tax rate is primarily a result of increased pre-tax book income and the benefit recorded in the first quarter of 2020 for loss carrybacks allowed as a result of the CARES Act.

Financial Condition as of September 30, 2021

Securities

Debt securities classified as available-for-sale are recorded at fair value with unrealized holding gains and losses excluded from earnings and reported in accumulated other comprehensive income, net of the related deferred tax effect. Securities available-for-sale may be bought and sold in response to changes in market conditions including, but not limited to, fluctuations in interest rates, changes in securities' prepayment risk, increases in loan demand, general liquidity needs and to position the portfolio to take advantage of market conditions that create more economically attractive returns. Debt securities are classified as held-to-maturity based on management's positive intent and ability to hold such securities to maturity and are carried at amortized cost. Restricted equity securities are classified as other investment securities and are carried at cost and are periodically evaluated for impairment based on the ultimate recovery of par value or cost basis.

The amortization of premiums and accretion of discounts are recognized in interest income using methods approximating the interest method over the expected life of the securities. Realized gains and losses, determined on the basis of the cost of specific securities sold, are included in earnings on the trade date.

Management and the Company’s ALCO Committee evaluate available-for-sale securities in an unrealized loss position on at least a quarterly basis, and more frequently when economic or market concerns warrant such evaluation, to determine if credit-related impairment exists. Management first evaluates whether they intend to sell or more likely than not will be required to sell an impaired security before recovering its amortized cost basis. If either criteria is met, the entire amount of unrealized loss is recognized in earnings with a corresponding adjustment to the security's amortized cost basis. If either of the above criteria is not met, management evaluates whether the decline in fair value is attributable to credit or resulted from other factors. If credit-related impairment exists, the Company recognizes an allowance for credit losses, limited to the amount by which the fair value is less than the amortized cost basis. Any impairment not recognized through an allowance for credit losses is recognized in other comprehensive income, net of tax, as a non credit-related impairment. The Company does not intend to sell these available-for-sale investment securities at an unrealized loss position at September 30, 2021, and it is more likely than not that the Company will not be required to sell these securities prior to recovery or maturity. Based on the results of management's review, at September 30, 2021, management determined that none was attributable to credit impairment and established the allowance for credit losses accordingly. The remaining $192,000 in unrealized loss was determined to be from factors other than credit.

The Company's held-to-maturity securities have zero expected credit losses and no related allowance for credit losses has been established.

The following table is a summary of our investment portfolio at the dates indicated:


	September 30, 2021				December 31, 2020
(dollars in thousands)	Amortized Cost		Fair Value		Amortized Cost		Fair Value
Securities available-for-sale
U.S. government sponsored agencies	$	12,102	$	12,252	$	17,161	$	17,504
State, county and municipal securities	51,541		54,216		63,286		66,778
Corporate debt securities	33,397		33,998		51,639		51,896
SBA pool securities	46,354		47,917		59,973		62,497
Mortgage-backed securities	513,408		536,121		748,521		784,204
Total debt securities available-for-sale	$	656,802	$	684,504	$	940,580	$	982,879

Securities held-to-maturity

State, county and municipal securities	$	3,905	$	3,784	$	—	$	—


Mortgage-backed securities	60,546		59,520		—		—
Total debt securities held-to-maturity	$	64,451	$	63,304	$	—	$	—

The amounts of securities available-for-sale and held-to-maturity in each category as of September 30, 2021 are shown in the following table according to contractual maturity classifications: (i) one year or less; (ii) after one year through five years; (iii) after five years through ten years; and (iv) after ten years:


	U.S. Government Sponsored Agencies				State, County and Municipal Securities				Corporate Debt Securities
(dollars in thousands) Securities available-for-sale (1)	Amount		Yield (2)		Amount		Yield (2)(3)		Amount		Yield (2)
One year or less	$	11,147	1.92	%	$	5,711	3.20	%	$	499	3.03	%
After one year through five years	1,105		2.16		18,814		3.81		500		3.88
After five years through ten years	—		—		19,983		3.85		31,088		5.30
After ten years	—		—		9,708		3.82		1,911		4.24
	$	12,252	1.94	%	$	54,216	3.76	%	$	33,998	5.19	%

	SBA Pool Securities				Mortgage-Backed Securities
(dollars in thousands) Securities available-for-sale (1)	Amount		Yield (2)		Amount		Yield (2)
One year or less	$	—	—	%	$	3,373	2.00	%
After one year through five years	15,361		2.12		102,059		2.71
After five years through ten years	3,171		3.08		145,684		2.85
After ten years	29,385		2.49		285,005		2.45
	$	47,917	2.41	%	$	536,121	2.60	%

	State, County and Municipal Securities				Mortgage-Backed Securities
(dollars in thousands) Securities held-to-maturity (1)	Amount		Yield (2)(3)		Amount		Yield (2)
One year or less	$	—	—	%	$	—	—	%
After one year through five years	—		—		2,261		0.74
After five years through ten years	—		—		16,007		1.62
After ten years	3,905		2.39		42,278		1.68
	$	3,905	2.39	%	$	60,546	1.63	%

(1)The amortized cost and fair value of debt securities are presented based on contractual maturities. Actual cash flows may differ from contractual maturities because borrowers may have the right to prepay obligations without prepayment penalties.

(2)Yields were computed using coupon interest, adding discount accretion or subtracting premium amortization, as appropriate, on a ratable basis over the life of each security. The weighted average yield for each maturity range was computed using the amortized cost of each security in that range.

(3)Yields on securities of state and political subdivisions are stated on a taxable-equivalent basis, using a tax rate of 21%.

Loans and Allowance for Credit Losses

At September 30, 2021, gross loans outstanding (including loans and loans held for sale) were $16.26 billion, up $611.8 million from $15.65 billion reported at December 31, 2020. Loans held for sale increased from $1.17 billion at December 31, 2020 to $1.44 billion at September 30, 2021 primarily in our mortgage division, partially offset by the sale of a consumer portfolio of $165.9 million. Loans increased $343.6 million, or 2.37%, from $14.48 billion at December 31, 2020 to $14.82 billion at September 30, 2021, driven primarily by organic growth net of PPP loan runoff.

The Company regularly monitors the composition of the loan portfolio to evaluate the adequacy of the allowance for credit losses ("ACL") on loans in light of the impact that changes in the economic environment may have on the loan portfolio. The Company focuses on the following loan categories: (1) commercial, financial and agricultural; (2) consumer installment; (3) indirect automobile; (4) mortgage warehouse; (5) municipal; (6) premium finance; (7) construction and development related real estate; (8) commercial and farmland real estate; and (9) residential real estate. The Company’s management has

strategically located its branches in select markets in Georgia, Alabama, Florida, North Carolina and South Carolina to take advantage of the growth in these areas.

The Company’s risk management processes include a loan review program designed to evaluate the credit risk in the loan portfolio and ensure credit grade accuracy. Through the loan review process, the Company conducts (1) a loan portfolio summary analysis, (2) charge-off and recovery analysis, (3) trends in accruing problem loan analysis, and (4) problem and past-due loan analysis. This analysis process serves as a tool to assist management in assessing the overall quality of the loan portfolio and the adequacy of the ACL. Loans classified as “substandard” are loans which are inadequately protected by the current sound worth and paying capacity of the borrower or of the collateral pledged. These assets exhibit a well-defined weakness or are characterized by the distinct possibility that the Company will sustain some loss if the deficiencies are not corrected. These weaknesses may be characterized by past due performance, operating losses and/or questionable collateral values. Loans classified as “doubtful” are those loans that have characteristics similar to substandard loans but have an increased risk of loss. Loans classified as “loss” are those loans which are considered uncollectible and are in the process of being charged off.

The Company estimates the ACL on loans based on the underlying assets’ amortized cost basis, which is the amount at which the financing receivable is originated or acquired, adjusted for applicable accretion or amortization of premium, discount, and net deferred fees or costs, collection of cash, and charge-offs. In the event that collection of principal becomes uncertain, the Company has policies in place to reverse accrued interest in a timely manner. Therefore, the Company has made a policy election to exclude accrued interest from the measurement of ACL, except for loans modified under the Disaster Relief Program.

Expected credit losses are reflected in the ACL through a charge to credit loss expense. When the Company deems all or a portion of a financial asset to be uncollectible the appropriate amount is written off and the ACL is reduced by the same amount. The Company applies judgment to determine when a financial asset is deemed uncollectible; however, generally speaking, an asset will be considered uncollectible no later than when all efforts at collection have been exhausted. Subsequent recoveries, if any, are credited to the ACL when received.

The Company measures expected credit losses of financial assets on a collective (pool) basis, when the financial assets share similar risk characteristics. Depending on the nature of the pool of financial assets with similar risk characteristics, the Company currently uses the DCF method, the PD×LGD method or a qualitative approach.

The Company’s methodologies for estimating the ACL consider available relevant information about the collectability of cash flows, including information about past events, current conditions, and reasonable and supportable forecasts. The methodologies apply historical loss information, adjusted for asset-specific characteristics, economic conditions at the measurement date, and forecasts about future economic conditions expected to exist through the contractual lives of the financial assets that are reasonable and supportable, to the identified pools of financial assets with similar risk characteristics for which the historical loss experience was observed. The Company’s methodologies revert back to historical loss information on a straight-line basis over four quarters when the Company can no longer develop reasonable and supportable forecasts.

At the end of the third quarter of 2021, the ACL on loans totaled $171.2 million, or 1.15% of loans, compared with $199.4 million, or 1.38% of loans, at December 31, 2020. Our nonaccrual loans decreased from $76.5 million at December 31, 2020 to $58.9 million at September 30, 2021. The decrease in nonaccrual loans is primarily attributable to collection activities and upgrades. For the first nine months of 2021, our net charge off ratio as a percentage of average loans decreased to 0.06%, compared with 0.17% for the first nine months of 2020. The total provision for credit losses for the first nine months of 2021 was negative $38.1 million, decreasing from $146.9 million recorded for the first nine months of 2020. Our ratio of total nonperforming assets to total assets decreased from 0.48% at December 31, 2020 to 0.32% at September 30, 2021.

The following table presents an analysis of the allowance for credit losses on loans, provision for credit losses on loans and net charge-offs as of and for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020:


	Nine Months Ended September 30,
(dollars in thousands)	2021		2020
Balance of allowance for credit losses on loans at beginning of period	$	199,422	$	38,189
Adjustment to allowance for adoption of ASC 326	—		78,661
Provision charged to operating expense	(21,462)		132,188
Charge-offs:
Commercial, financial and agricultural	6,757		4,687
Consumer installment	4,764		2,781
Indirect automobile	1,148		2,944


Premium finance	3,142		3,893
Real estate – construction and development	212		83
Real estate – commercial and farmland	1,632		10,220
Real estate – residential	594		762
Total charge-offs	18,249		25,370

Recoveries:
Commercial, financial and agricultural	3,338		1,135
Consumer installment	767		1,273
Indirect automobile	1,350		1,020


Premium finance	4,237		2,584
Real estate – construction and development	296		692
Real estate – commercial and farmland	492		1,010
Real estate – residential	1,022		542
Total recoveries	11,502		8,256
Net charge-offs	6,747		17,114
Balance of allowance for credit losses on loans at end of period	$	171,213	$	231,924

The following table presents an analysis of the allowance for credit losses on loans and net charge-offs for loans held for investment:


	As of and for the Nine Months Ended
(dollars in thousands)	September 30, 2021			September 30, 2020
Allowance for credit losses on loans at end of period	$	171,213		$	231,924
Net charge-offs for the period	6,747			17,114
Loan balances:
End of period	14,824,539			14,943,593
Average for the period	14,563,835			13,772,102
Net charge-offs as a percentage of average loans (annualized)	0.06		%	0.17		%
Allowance for credit losses on loans as a percentage of end of period loans	1.15		%	1.55		%

Loans

Loans are stated at amortized cost. Balances within the major loans receivable categories are presented in the following table:


(dollars in thousands)	September 30, 2021		December 31, 2020
Commercial, financial and agricultural	$	1,217,575	$	1,627,477
Consumer installment	207,111		306,995
Indirect automobile	325,057		580,083
Mortgage warehouse	768,577		916,353
Municipal	624,430		659,403
Premium finance	840,737		687,841
Real estate – construction and development	1,454,824		1,606,710
Real estate – commercial and farmland	6,409,704		5,300,006
Real estate – residential	2,976,524		2,796,057
	$	14,824,539	$	14,480,925

Non-Performing Assets

Non-performing assets include nonaccrual loans, accruing loans contractually past due 90 days or more, repossessed personal property, and OREO. Loans are placed on nonaccrual status when management has concerns relating to the ability to collect the principal and interest and generally when such loans are 90 days or more past due. Management performs a detailed review and valuation assessment of non-performing loans over $250,000 on a quarterly basis. When a loan is placed on nonaccrual status, any interest previously accrued but not collected is reversed against current income.

Nonaccrual loans totaled $58.9 million at September 30, 2021, a decrease of $17.5 million, or 22.9%, from $76.5 million at December 31, 2020. Accruing loans delinquent 90 days or more totaled $7.5 million at September 30, 2021, a decrease of $854,000, or 10.3%, compared with $8.3 million at December 31, 2020. At September 30, 2021, OREO totaled $4.6 million, a decrease of $7.3 million, or 61.3%, compared with $11.9 million at December 31, 2020. Management regularly assesses the valuation of OREO through periodic reappraisal and through inquiries received in the marketing process. At the end of the third quarter of 2021, total non-performing assets as a percent of total assets decreased to 0.32% compared with 0.48% at December 31, 2020.

Non-performing assets at September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020 were as follows:


(dollars in thousands)	September 30, 2021		December 31, 2020
Nonaccrual loans	$	58,932	$	76,457
Accruing loans delinquent 90 days or more	7,472		8,326
Repossessed assets	152		544
Other real estate owned	4,594		11,880
Total non-performing assets	$	71,150	$	97,207

Troubled Debt Restructurings

The restructuring of a loan is considered a “troubled debt restructuring” if both (i) the borrower is experiencing financial difficulties and (ii) the Company has granted a concession.

As of September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, the Company had a balance of $87.4 million and $85.0 million, respectively, in troubled debt restructurings. These totals do not include COVID-19 loan modifications accounted for under Section 4013 of the CARES Act. Further information on these loans is set forth under the heading "COVID-19 Deferrals" below. The following table presents the amount of troubled debt restructurings by loan class classified separately as accrual and nonaccrual at September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020:


September 30, 2021	Accruing Loans			Non-Accruing Loans
Loan Class	#	Balance (in thousands)		#	Balance (in thousands)
Commercial, financial and agricultural	14	$	1,683	7	$	112
Consumer installment	8	22		19	38
Indirect automobile	282	1,284		52	297



Real estate – construction and development	5	887		3	271
Real estate – commercial and farmland	27	43,895		7	6,715
Real estate – residential	227	29,521		30	2,687
Total	563	$	77,292	118	$	10,120


December 31, 2020	Accruing Loans			Non-Accruing Loans
Loan Class	#	Balance (in thousands)		#	Balance (in thousands)
Commercial, financial and agricultural	9	$	521	11	$	849
Consumer installment	10	32		20	56
Indirect automobile	437	2,277		51	461



Real estate – construction and development	4	506		5	707
Real estate – commercial and farmland	28	36,707		7	1,401
Real estate – residential	264	38,800		34	2,671
Total	752	$	78,843	128	$	6,145

The following table presents the amount of troubled debt restructurings by loan class classified separately as those currently paying under restructured terms and those that have defaulted (defined as 30 days past due) under restructured terms at September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020:


September 30, 2021	Loans Currently Paying Under Restructured Terms			Loans that have Defaulted Under Restructured Terms
Loan Class	#	Balance (in thousands)		#	Balance (in thousands)
Commercial, financial and agricultural	18	$	1,767	3	$	28
Consumer installment	10	21		17	39
Indirect automobile	283	1,316		51	265



Real estate – construction and development	7	1,144		1	14
Real estate – commercial and farmland	32	49,956		2	654
Real estate – residential	224	29,984		33	2,224
Total	574	$	84,188	107	$	3,224


December 31, 2020	Loans Currently Paying Under Restructured Terms			Loans that have Defaulted Under Restructured Terms
Loan Class	#	Balance (in thousands)		#	Balance (in thousands)
Commercial, financial and agricultural	11	$	532	9	$	839
Consumer installment	12	33		18	55
Indirect automobile	411	2,138		77	600



Real estate – construction and development	5	507		4	706
Real estate – commercial and farmland	29	36,512		6	1,595
Real estate – residential	249	35,348		49	6,123
Total	717	$	75,070	163	$	9,918

The following table presents the amount of troubled debt restructurings by types of concessions made, classified separately as accrual and nonaccrual at September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020:


September 30, 2021	Accruing Loans			Non-Accruing Loans
Type of Concession	#	Balance (in thousands)		#	Balance (in thousands)
Forgiveness of interest	3	$	289	—	$	—
Forbearance of interest	16	1,248		4	911

Forbearance of principal	397	60,163		64	7,975

Rate reduction only	60	7,528		5	238
Rate reduction, maturity extension	—	—		1	2
Rate reduction, forbearance of interest	34	2,447		6	322
Rate reduction, forbearance of principal	18	2,673		30	288
Rate reduction, forgiveness of interest	35	2,944		8	384

Total	563	$	77,292	118	$	10,120


December 31, 2020	Accruing Loans			Non-Accruing Loans
Type of Concession	#	Balance (in thousands)		#	Balance (in thousands)
Forgiveness of interest	1	$	73	—	$	—
Forbearance of interest	19	2,255		7	1,044

Forbearance of principal	563	58,131		72	3,372
Forbearance of principal, extended amortization	—	—		1	204
Rate reduction only	66	8,893		4	525
Rate reduction, maturity extension	—	—		1	5
Rate reduction, forbearance of interest	41	3,472		9	389
Rate reduction, forbearance of principal	21	2,609		25	193
Rate reduction, forgiveness of interest	41	3,410		8	412
Rate reduction, forgiveness of principal	—	—		1	1
Total	752	$	78,843	128	$	6,145

The following table presents the amount of troubled debt restructurings by collateral types, classified separately as accrual and nonaccrual at September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020:


September 30, 2021	Accruing Loans			Non-Accruing Loans
Collateral Type	#	Balance (in thousands)		#	Balance (in thousands)
Warehouse	3	$	63	2	$	280
Raw land	6	3,820		4	642
Hotel and motel	7	29,483		1	4,902
Office	5	726		1	502
Retail, including strip centers	9	8,079		1	376
1-4 family residential	230	29,863		31	2,971
Church	2	2,394		—	—

Automobile/equipment/CD	301	2,864		78	447


Total	563	$	77,292	118	$	10,120


December 31, 2020	Accruing Loans			Non-Accruing Loans
Collateral Type	#	Balance (in thousands)		#	Balance (in thousands)
Warehouse	4	$	248	2	$	305
Raw land	5	4,611		7	1,135

Hotel and motel	4	22,372		—	—
Office	6	1,281		—	—
Retail, including strip centers	13	8,627		—	—
1-4 family residential	266	38,913		35	3,170
Church	—	—		1	166
Automobile/equipment/CD	454	2,791		82	1,368

Unsecured	—	—		1	1
Total	752	$	78,843	128	$	6,145

COVID-19 Deferrals

In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, the Company offered affected borrowers payment relief under its Disaster Relief Program. These modifications primarily consisted of short-term payment deferrals or interest-only periods to assist customers. The Company has begun providing payment modifications to certain borrowers in economically sensitive industries of various terms up to nine months. Modifications related to the COVID-19 pandemic and qualifying under the provisions of Section 4013 of the CARES Act are not deemed to be troubled debt restructurings. As of September 30, 2021, $76.5 million in loans remained in payment deferral under the COVID-19 pandemic Disaster Relief Program compared with $332.8 million at December 31, 2020.

The table below presents short-term deferrals related to the COVID-19 pandemic that were not considered TDRs as of September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020.


	September 30, 2021				December 31, 2020
(dollars in thousands	COVID-19 Deferrals		Deferrals as a % of total loans		COVID-19 Deferrals		Deferrals as a % of total loans
Commercial, financial and agricultural	$	755	0.1	%	$	12,471	0.8	%
Consumer installment	—		—	%	1,418		0.5	%
Indirect automobile	1,302		0.4	%	8,936		1.5	%



Real estate – construction and development	—		—	%	11,049		0.7	%
Real estate – commercial and farmland	26,128		0.4	%	179,183		3.4	%
Real estate – residential	48,340		1.6	%	119,722		4.3	%
	$	76,525	0.5	%	$	332,779	2.3	%

Commercial Lending Practices

The federal bank regulatory agencies previously issued interagency guidance on commercial real estate lending and prudent risk management practices. This guidance defines commercial real estate (“CRE”) loans as loans secured by raw land, land development and construction (including one-to-four family residential construction), multi-family property and non-farm

nonresidential property where the primary or a significant source of repayment is derived from rental income associated with the property, excluding owner-occupied properties (loans for which 50% or more of the source of repayment is derived from the ongoing operations and activities conducted by the party, or affiliate of the party, who owns the property) or the proceeds of the sale, refinancing or permanent financing of the property. Loans for owner-occupied CRE are generally excluded from the CRE guidance.

The CRE guidance is applicable when either:

(1)total loans for construction, land development, and other land, net of owner-occupied loans, represent 100% or more of a bank’s total risk-based capital; or

(2)total loans secured by multifamily and nonfarm nonresidential properties and loans for construction, land development, and other land, net of owner-occupied loans, represent 300% or more of a bank’s total risk-based capital.

Banks that are subject to the CRE guidance criteria are required to implement enhanced strategic planning, CRE underwriting policies, risk management and internal controls, portfolio stress testing, risk exposure limits, and other policies, including management compensation and incentives, to address the CRE risks. Higher allowances for loan losses and capital levels may also be appropriate.

As of September 30, 2021, the Company exhibited a concentration in the CRE loan category based on Federal Reserve Call codes. The primary risks of CRE lending are:

(1)within CRE loans, construction and development loans are somewhat dependent upon continued strength in demand for residential real estate, which is reliant on favorable real estate mortgage rates and changing population demographics;

(2)on average, CRE loan sizes are generally larger than non-CRE loan types; and

(3)certain construction and development loans may be less predictable and more difficult to evaluate and monitor.

The following table outlines CRE loan categories and CRE loans as a percentage of total loans as of September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020. The loan categories and concentrations below are based on Federal Reserve Call codes:


	September 30, 2021			December 31, 2020
(dollars in thousands)	Balance		% of Total Loans	Balance		% of Total Loans
Construction and development loans	$	1,454,824	10%	$	1,606,710	11%
Multi-family loans	511,431		3%	347,951		2%
Nonfarm non-residential loans (excluding owner-occupied)	4,057,309		27%	3,260,389		23%
Total CRE Loans (excluding owner-occupied)	6,023,564		41%	5,215,050		36%
All other loan types	8,800,975		59%	9,265,875		64%
Total Loans	$	14,824,539	100%	$	14,480,925	100%

The following table outlines the percentage of construction and development loans and total CRE loans, net of owner-occupied loans, to the Bank’s total risk-based capital, and the Company’s internal concentration limits as of September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020:


	Internal Limit	Actual
		September 30, 2021	December 31, 2020
Construction and development loans	100%	59%	74%
Total CRE loans (excluding owner-occupied)	300%	246%	241%

Short-Term Investments

The Company’s short-term investments are comprised of federal funds sold and interest-bearing deposits in banks. At September 30, 2021, the Company’s short-term investments were $3.51 billion, compared with $1.91 billion at December 31, 2020. At September 30, 2021, the Company had $20.0 million in federal funds sold and $3.49 billion was in interest-bearing deposit balances at correspondent banks and the Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta.

Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities

The Company has forward contracts and IRLCs to hedge changes in the value of the mortgage inventory due to changes in market interest rates. The fair value of these instruments amounted to an asset of $25.1 million and $51.8 million at September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively, and a liability of $0 and $16.4 million at September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively.

Capital

Common Stock Repurchase Program

On September 19, 2019, the Company announced that its Board of Directors authorized the Company to repurchase up to $100.0 million of its outstanding common stock through October 31, 2020. On October 22, 2020 and again on October 28, 2021, the Company announced that its Board of Directors had approved the extension of the share repurchase program for an additional year in each instance. As a result, the Company is currently authorized to engage in repurchases through October 31, 2022. Repurchases of shares must be made in accordance with applicable securities laws and may be made from time to time in the open market or by negotiated transactions. The amount and timing of repurchases will be based on a variety of factors, including share acquisition price, regulatory limitations and other market and economic factors. The program does not require the Company to repurchase any specific number of shares. As of September 30, 2021, $20.8 million, or 496,034 shares of the Company's common stock, had been repurchased under the program.

Capital Management

Capital management consists of providing equity to support both current and anticipated future operations. The capital resources of the Company are monitored on a periodic basis by state and federal regulatory authorities.

Under the regulatory capital frameworks adopted by the Federal Reserve ("FRB") and the FDIC, the Company and the Bank must each maintain a common equity Tier 1 capital to total risk-weighted assets ratio of at least 4.5%, a Tier 1 capital to total risk-weighted assets ratio of at least 6%, a total capital to total risk-weighted assets ratio of at least 8% and a leverage ratio of Tier 1 capital to average total consolidated assets of at least 4%. The Company and the Bank are also required to maintain a capital conservation buffer of common equity Tier 1 capital of at least 2.5% of risk-weighted assets in addition to the minimum risk-based capital ratios in order to avoid certain restrictions on capital distributions and discretionary bonus payments.

In March 2020, the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency, the FRB and the FDIC issued an interim final rule that delays the estimated impact on regulatory capital stemming from the implementation of CECL. The interim final rule provides banking organizations that implement CECL in 2020 the option to delay for two years an estimate of CECL’s effect on regulatory capital, relative to the incurred loss methodology’s effect on regulatory capital, followed by a three-year transition period. As a result, the Company and Bank elected the five-year transition relief allowed under the interim final rule effective March 31, 2020.

As of September 30, 2021, under the regulatory capital standards, the Bank was considered “well capitalized” under all capital measurements. The following table sets forth the regulatory capital ratios of for the Company and the Bank at September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020:


	September 30, 2021	December 31, 2020
Tier 1 Leverage Ratio (tier 1 capital to average assets)
Consolidated	9.32%	8.99%
Ameris Bank	10.80%	10.39%
CET1 Ratio (common equity tier 1 capital to risk weighted assets)
Consolidated	11.74%	11.14%
Ameris Bank	13.59%	12.87%
Tier 1 Capital Ratio (tier 1 capital to risk weighted assets)
Consolidated	11.74%	11.14%
Ameris Bank	13.59%	12.87%
Total Capital Ratio (total capital to risk weighted assets)
Consolidated	15.31%	15.27%
Ameris Bank	14.60%	14.19%

Interest Rate Sensitivity and Liquidity

The Company’s primary market risk exposures are credit risk, interest rate risk, and to a lesser degree, liquidity risk. The Bank operates under an Asset Liability Management Policy approved by the Company’s Board of Directors and the ALCO Committee. The policy outlines limits on interest rate risk in terms of changes in net interest income and changes in the net market values of assets and liabilities over certain changes in interest rate environments. These measurements are made through a simulation model which projects the impact of changes in interest rates on the Bank’s assets and liabilities. The policy also outlines responsibility for monitoring interest rate risk, and the process for the approval, implementation and monitoring of interest rate risk strategies to achieve the Bank’s interest rate risk objectives.

The ALCO Committee is comprised of senior officers of Ameris. The ALCO Committee makes all strategic decisions with respect to the sources and uses of funds that may affect net interest income, including net interest spread and net interest margin. The objective of the ALCO Committee is to identify the interest rate, liquidity and market value risks of the Company’s balance sheet and use reasonable methods approved by the Company’s Board of Directors and executive management to minimize those identified risks.

The normal course of business activity exposes the Company to interest rate risk. Interest rate risk is managed within an overall asset and liability framework for the Company. The principal objectives of asset and liability management are to predict the sensitivity of net interest spreads to potential changes in interest rates, control risk and enhance profitability. Funding positions are kept within predetermined limits designed to properly manage risk and liquidity. The Company employs sensitivity analysis in the form of a net interest income simulation to help characterize the market risk arising from changes in interest rates. In addition, fluctuations in interest rates usually result in changes in the fair market value of the Company’s financial instruments, cash flows and net interest income. The Company’s interest rate risk position is managed by the ALCO Committee.

The Company uses a simulation modeling process to measure interest rate risk and evaluate potential strategies. Interest rate scenario models are prepared using software created and licensed from an outside vendor. The Company’s simulation includes all financial assets and liabilities. Simulation results quantify interest rate risk under various interest rate scenarios. Management then develops and implements appropriate strategies. The ALCO Committee has determined that an acceptable level of interest rate risk would be for net interest income to increase/decrease no more than 20% given a change in selected interest rates of 200 basis points over any 24-month period.

Liquidity management involves the matching of the cash flow requirements of customers, who may be either depositors desiring to withdraw funds or borrowers needing assurance that sufficient funds will be available to meet their credit needs, and the ability of Ameris to manage those requirements. The Company strives to maintain an adequate liquidity position by managing the balances and maturities of interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities so that the balance it has in short-term assets at any given time will adequately cover any reasonably anticipated immediate need for funds. Additionally, the Bank maintains relationships with correspondent banks, which could provide funds on short notice, if needed. The Company has invested in FHLB stock for the purpose of establishing credit lines with the FHLB. The credit availability to the Bank is equal to 30% of the Bank’s total assets as reported on the most recent quarterly financial information submitted to the regulators subject to the pledging of sufficient collateral. At September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, the net carrying value of the Company’s other borrowings was $425.4 million and $425.2 million, respectively.

The following liquidity ratios compare certain assets and liabilities to total deposits or total assets:


	September 30, 2021	June 30, 2021	March 31, 2021	December 31, 2020	September 30, 2020
Investment securities available-for-sale to total deposits	3.63%	4.26%	4.81%	5.80%	6.96%
Loans (net of unearned income) to total deposits	78.71%	80.96%	81.67%	85.39%	93.03%
Interest-earning assets to total assets	91.20%	90.79%	91.15%	90.88%	90.66%
Interest-bearing deposits to total deposits	59.56%	61.75%	61.93%	63.73%	63.21%

The liquidity resources of the Company are monitored continuously by the ALCO Committee and on a periodic basis by state and federal regulatory authorities. As determined under guidelines established by these regulatory authorities, the Company’s and the Bank’s liquidity ratios at September 30, 2021 were considered satisfactory. The Company is aware of no events or trends likely to result in a material change in liquidity.

Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk.

The Company is exposed only to U.S. dollar interest rate changes, and, accordingly, the Company manages exposure by considering the possible changes in the net interest margin. The Company does not have any trading instruments nor does it classify any portion of the investment portfolio as held for trading. The Company’s hedging activities are limited to cash flow hedges and are part of the Company’s program to manage interest rate sensitivity.

The Company also had forward contracts and IRLCs to hedge changes in the value of the mortgage inventory due to changes in market interest rates. The fair value of these instruments amounted to an asset of approximately $25.1 million and $51.8 million at September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively, and a liability of $0 and $16.4 million at September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively.

The Company has no exposure to foreign currency exchange rate risk, commodity price risk and other market risks.

Interest rates play a major part in the net interest income of a financial institution. The sensitivity to rate changes is known as “interest rate risk.” The repricing of interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities can influence the changes in net interest income. As part of the Company’s asset/liability management program, the timing of repriced assets and liabilities is referred to as “gap management.”

The Company uses simulation analysis to monitor changes in net interest income due to changes in market interest rates. The simulation of rising, declining and flat interest rate scenarios allows management to monitor and adjust interest rate sensitivity to minimize the impact of market interest rate swings. The analysis of the impact on net interest income over a 12-month and 24-month period is subjected to gradual and parallel shocks of 100, 200, 300 and 400 basis point increases and decreases in market rates and is monitored on a quarterly basis.

Additional information required by Item 305 of Regulation S-K is set forth under Part I, Item 2 of this report.

Item 4. Controls and Procedures.

The Company’s Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer have evaluated the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures (as such term is defined in Rules 13a-15(e) or 15d-15(e) promulgated under the Exchange Act) as of the end of the period covered by this report, as required by paragraph (b) of Rules 13a-15 or 15d-15 of the Exchange Act. Based on such evaluation, such officers have concluded that, as of the end of the period covered by this report, the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures were effective.

During the quarter ended September 30, 2021, there was no change in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting identified in connection with the evaluation required by paragraph (d) of Rules 13a-15 or 15d-15 of the Exchange Act that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.

PART II - OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1. Legal Proceedings.

Disclosure concerning legal proceedings can be found in Part I - "Financial Information, Item 1. Financial Statements, Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements, Note 9 – Commitments and Contingencies" under the caption, "Litigation and Regulatory Contingencies," which is incorporated herein by reference.

Item 1A. Risk Factors.

There have been no material changes to the risk factors disclosed in Item 1A. of Part I of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2020.

Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds.

c) Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities.

The table below sets forth information regarding the Company’s repurchase of shares of its outstanding common stock during the three-month period ended September 30, 2021.


Period	Total Number of Shares Purchased(2)	Average Price Paid Per Share		Total Number of Shares Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Plans or Programs	Approximate Dollar Value of Shares That May Yet be Purchased Under the Plans or Programs(1)
July 1, 2021 through July 31, 2021	85,091	$	47.20	84,277	$	81,747,656
August 1, 2021 through August 31, 2021	53,093	$	48.17	53,093	$	79,190,199
September 1, 2021 through September 30, 2021	1,645	$	47.83	—	$	79,190,199
Total	139,829	$	47.58	137,370	$	79,190,199

(1)On September 19, 2019, the Company announced that its Board of Directors authorized the Company to repurchase up to $100.0 million of its outstanding common stock through October 31, 2020. On October 22, 2020 and again on October 28, 2021, the Company announced that its Board of Directors had approved the extension of the share repurchase program for an additional year in each instance. As a result, the Company is currently authorized to engage in repurchases through October 31, 2022. Repurchases of shares must be made in accordance with applicable securities laws and may be made from time to time in the open market or by negotiated transactions. The amount and timing of repurchases will be based on a variety of factors, including share acquisition price, regulatory limitations and other market and economic factors. The program does not require the Company to repurchase any specific number of shares. As of September 30, 2021, $20.8 million, or 496,034 shares of the Company's common stock, had been repurchased under the new program.

(2)The shares purchased from July 1, 2021 through July 31, 2021 and September 1, 2021 through September 30, 2021 include 814 and 1,645 shares of common stock, respectively, surrendered to the Company in payment of the income tax withholding obligations relating to the vesting of shares of restricted stock.

Item 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities.

None.

Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures.

Not applicable.

Item 5. Other Information.

None.

Item 6. Exhibits.


Exhibit Number						Description

3.1						Articles of Incorporation of Ameris Bancorp, as amended (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 2.1 to Ameris Bancorp’s Regulation A Offering Statement on Form 1-A filed with the SEC on August 14, 1987).

3.2						Articles of Amendment to the Articles of Incorporation of Ameris Bancorp (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.7 to Ameris Bancorp’s Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC on March 26, 1999).

3.3						Articles of Amendment to the Articles of Incorporation of Ameris Bancorp (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.9 to Ameris Bancorp’s Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC on March 31, 2003).

3.4						Articles of Amendment to the Articles of Incorporation of Ameris Bancorp (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to Ameris Bancorp’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on December 1, 2005).

3.5						Articles of Amendment to the Articles of Incorporation of Ameris Bancorp (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to Ameris Bancorp’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on November 21, 2008).

3.6						Articles of Amendment to the Articles of Incorporation of Ameris Bancorp (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to Ameris Bancorp’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on June 1, 2011).

3.7						Articles of Amendment to the Articles of Incorporation of Ameris Bancorp (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.7 to Ameris Bancorp's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed with the SEC on August 10, 2020).

3.8						Bylaws of Ameris Bancorp, as amended and restated through June 11, 2020 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.8 to Ameris Bancorp's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed with the SEC on August 10, 2020).

31.1						Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a) Certification by the Company’s Chief Executive Officer.

31.2						Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a) Certification by the Company’s Chief Financial Officer.

32.1						Section 1350 Certification by the Company’s Chief Executive Officer.

32.2						Section 1350 Certification by the Company’s Chief Financial Officer.

101.INS						XBRL Instance Document - the instance document does not appear in the Interactive Data File because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document.

101.SCH						Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document.

101.CAL						Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document.

101.DEF						Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document.

101.LAB						Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document.

101.PRE						Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document.

104						Cover Page Interactive Data File - the cover page interactive data file does not appear in the Interactive Data File because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document.

SIGNATURE

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.


Dated: November 8, 2021			AMERIS BANCORP

			/s/ Nicole S. Stokes
			Nicole S. Stokes
			Chief Financial Officer (duly authorized signatory and principal accounting and financial officer)