AMPCO PITTSBURGH CORP - Annual Report: 2016 (Form 10-K)

Table of Contents

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-K

ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR- 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2016

Commission File Number 1-898

AMPCO-PITTSBURGH CORPORATION

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act.  Yes        No   ✓   

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act.  Yes        No   ✓   

Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the Registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.  Yes   ✓   No        

Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate website, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T(§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files).  Yes   ✓   No        

Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of Registrant’s knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this Form 10-K. [✓]

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or smaller reporting company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer” and “smaller reporting company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large Accelerated Filer          Accelerated Filer    ✓    Non-accelerated Filer        Smaller reporting company        

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes        No   ✓   

The aggregate market value of the voting stock of Ampco-Pittsburgh Corporation held by non-affiliates on June 30, 2016 (based upon the closing price of the Registrant’s Common Stock on the New York Stock Exchange on that date) was approximately $141 million.

As of March 10, 2017, 12,270,621 common shares were outstanding.

Documents Incorporated by Reference: Part III of this report incorporates by reference certain information from the Proxy Statement for the 2017 Annual Meeting of Shareholders.

Table of Contents

TABLE OF CONTENTS

i

Table of Contents

FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

The Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 (the “Act”) provides a safe harbor for forward-looking statements made by us or on our behalf. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operation and other sections of the Annual Report on Form 10-K as well as the consolidated financial statements and notes thereto may contain forward-looking statements that reflect our current views with respect to future events and financial performance.

All statements in this document other than statements of historical fact are statements that are, or could be, deemed “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of the Act. In this document, statements regarding future financial position, sales, costs, earnings, cash flows, other measures of results of operations, capital expenditures or debt levels and plans, objectives, outlook, targets, guidance or goals are forward-looking statements. Words such as “may,” “intend,” “believe,” “expect,” “anticipate,” “estimate,” “project,” “forecast” and other terms of similar meaning that indicate future events and trends are also generally intended to identify forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements speak only as of the date on which such statements are made, are not guarantees of future performance or expectations, and involve risks and uncertainties. For us, these risks and uncertainties include, but are not limited to, those described under Item 1A. Risk Factors of this Annual Report on Form 10-K. In addition, there may be events in the future that we are not able to predict accurately or control which may cause actual results to differ materially from expectations expressed or implied by forward-looking statements. Except as required by applicable law, we assume no obligation, and disclaim any obligation, to update forward-looking statements whether as a result of new information, events or otherwise.

– PART I –

ITEM 1. BUSINESS

GENERAL DEVELOPMENT OF BUSINESS

Ampco-Pittsburgh Corporation (the “Corporation”) was incorporated in Pennsylvania in 1929. The Corporation, individually or together with its consolidated subsidiaries, is also referred to herein as the “Registrant”. The Corporation classifies its businesses in two segments: Forged and Cast Engineered Products and Air and Liquid Processing.

On March 3, 2016, the Corporation acquired the stock of Åkers AB and certain of its affiliated companies, including Åkers AB’s 60% equity interest in a Chinese joint venture company (collectively, “Åkers”) from Altor Fund II GP Limited. The acquired companies, now part of the Forged and Cast Engineered Products segment, added roll production facilities in Sweden, the United States, Slovenia, and China, a number of sales offices, and a service capability in the United States. The acquisition enables cast roll production in the United States, forged roll production in Europe, and a low-cost product alternative for customers.

On November 1, 2016, the Corporation acquired the stock of ASW Steel Inc. (“ASW”), a premier specialty steel producer based in Welland, Ontario, Canada, from CK Pearl Fund, Ltd., CK Pearl Fund LP, and White Oak Strategic Master Fund, L.P. The acquisition provides the Forged and Cast Engineered Products segment of the Corporation with the capabilities to manufacture the additional chemistries needed to expand the reach into the open-die forging market.

FINANCIAL INFORMATION ABOUT SEGMENTS

The sales and operating results of the Corporation’s two segments and the identifiable assets attributable to both segments for the three years ended December 31, 2016 are set forth in Note 21 (Business Segments) of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

NARRATIVE DESCRIPTION OF BUSINESS

Forged and Cast Engineered Products Segment

Union Electric Steel Corporation produces ingot and forged products that service a wide variety of industries globally. It specializes in the production of forged hardened steel rolls used in cold rolling by producers of steel, aluminum and other metals throughout the world. In addition, it produces ingot and open-die forged products which are used in the oil and gas industry and the aluminum and plastic extrusion industries. Although currently representing a minor portion of the segment’s business activity, sales of ingot and open-die forged products are expected to grow and become a more significant portion of this segment’s business activity. Union Electric Steel Corporation is headquartered in Carnegie, Pennsylvania with three manufacturing facilities in Pennsylvania, one in Indiana and one in Ohio. It is one of the largest producers of forged hardened steel rolls in the world. In addition to a few domestic competitors, several major European, South American and Asian

1

Table of Contents

manufacturers also compete in both the domestic and foreign markets. In 2007, a subsidiary of Union Electric Steel Corporation became a 49% partner in a joint venture in China to manufacture large forged backup rolls, principally in weights and sizes larger than those which can be made in the subsidiary’s facilities in the United States. In 2016, the ownership interest in the joint venture was reduced to 33%.

Union Electric Steel UK Limited produces cast rolls for hot and cold strip mills, medium/heavy section mills and plate mills in a variety of iron and steel qualities. It is located in Gateshead, England and is a major supplier of cast rolls to the metalworking industry worldwide. It primarily competes with European, Asian and North and South American companies in both the domestic and foreign markets. Union Electric Steel UK Limited is a 24% partner in a Chinese joint venture which produces cast rolls.

The following entities became indirect subsidiaries of Union Electric Steel Corporation as a result of the acquisition of the Åkers Group:

Åkers Sweden AB produces cast rolls for hot strip finishing, roughing mills and plate mills and medium/heavy section mills in a variety of iron and steel qualities. It is located in Åkers Styckebruk, Sweden.

Åkers Valji Ravne d.o.o. produces forged rolls for cluster mills and Z-Hi mills, work rolls for narrow and wide strip and aluminum mills, back-up rolls for narrow strip mills, as well as leveling rolls and shafts. It is located in Ravne, Slovenia.

Shanxi Åkers TISCO Roll Co. Ltd., is a joint venture between TISCO and Åkers AB in which Åkers AB holds a 60% interest that produces cast hot strip mill work rolls. It is located in Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, China.

National Roll Company is a division of Åkers National Roll Co. that produces cast rolls for hot and cold strip mills, as well as plate mills. It is located in Avonmore, Pennsylvania.

Vertical Seal Company is a division of Åkers National Roll Co. that manufactures bearings, bushings, key and keyless bearing sleeves, as well as provides a number of services, including rebuild of mill spare parts, chock inspection and repair, and onsite inspections and installations. It is located in Pleasantville, Pennsylvania.

In November of 2016, a subsidiary of Union Electric Steel Corporation acquired ASW, a premier specialty steel producer, located in Welland, Ontario, Canada.

Air and Liquid Processing Segment

Aerofin Division of Air & Liquid Systems Corporation produces custom-engineered finned tube heat exchange coils and related heat transfer products for a variety of industries including fossil fuel and nuclear power generation, automotive, industrial process and HVAC, and is located in Lynchburg, Virginia.

Buffalo Air Handling Division of Air & Liquid Systems Corporation produces large custom air handling systems used in commercial, institutional and industrial buildings and is located in Amherst, Virginia.

Buffalo Pumps Division of Air & Liquid Systems Corporation manufactures a line of centrifugal pumps for the refrigeration, power generation and marine defense industries and is located in North Tonawanda, New York.

All three of the divisions in this segment are principally represented by a common independent sales organization and have several major competitors.

In both segments, the products are dependent on engineering, principally custom designed, and are sold to sophisticated commercial and industrial users located throughout the world.

The Forged and Cast Engineered Products segment has two international customers which constituted approximately 24% of its sales in 2016. Additionally, the Air and Liquid Processing segment has a customer which constituted approximately 10% of its sales in 2016. The loss of both of these customers could have a material adverse effect on the respective segments.

For additional information on the products produced and financial information about each segment, see Note 21 (Business Segments) of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

2

Table of Contents

Raw Materials

Raw materials used in both segments are generally available from many sources and neither segment is dependent upon any single supplier for any raw material. Substantial volumes of raw materials used by each segment are subject to significant variations in price. The Corporation’s subsidiaries generally do not purchase or commit for the purchase of a major portion of raw materials significantly in advance of the time they require such materials but do make forward commitments for the supply of natural gas and certain commodities (copper and aluminum). See Note 13 (Derivative Instruments) of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

Patents and Trademarks

While the Corporation and its subsidiaries hold some patents, trademarks and licenses, in the opinion of management they are not material to either segment.

Backlog

The backlog of orders at December 31, 2016 was approximately $234 million compared to a backlog of $142 million at year-end 2015. Approximately 5% of the backlog is expected to be released after 2017.

Competition

The Corporation faces considerable competition from a large number of companies in both segments. The Corporation believes, however, that its subsidiaries are significant factors in each of the niche markets which they serve. Competition in both segments is based on quality, service, price and delivery. For additional information, see Part I, Item 1 “General Development of Business” of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

Research and Development

As part of an overall strategy to develop new markets and maintain a leadership position in each of the industry niches served, the Corporation’s subsidiaries in both segments incur expenditures for research and development. The activities that are undertaken are designed to develop new products, improve existing products and processes, enhance product quality, adapt products to meet customer specifications and reduce manufacturing costs. In the aggregate, these expenditures approximated $2.72 million in 2016, $1.14 million in 2015 and $1.33 million in 2014.

Environmental Protection Compliance Costs

Expenditures for environmental control matters were not material to either segment in 2016 and are expected to approximate $2 million in 2017.

Employees

On December 31, 2016, the Corporation and its subsidiaries had 1,915 active employees.

FINANCIAL INFORMATION ABOUT GEOGRAPHIC AREAS

The Forged and Cast Engineered Products segment has manufacturing operations in the United States, England, Sweden, Slovenia, China and Canada; and sales offices in Belgium, Brazil, China, Canada, Egypt, Germany, Singapore, Slovenia, South Korea, Sweden, Taiwan and Turkey. For financial information relating to foreign and domestic operations see Note 21 (Business Segments) of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

AVAILABLE INFORMATION

The Corporation files annual, quarterly and current reports, amendments to those reports, proxy statements and other information with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”). You may access and read the Corporation’s filings without charge through the SEC’s website at www.sec.gov. You may also read and copy any document the Corporation files at the SEC’s Public Reference Room located at 100 F. Street, N.E., Room 1580, Washington, DC 20549. Please call the SEC at 1-800-SEC-0330 for further information on the Public Reference Room.

The Corporation’s internet address is www.ampcopittsburgh.com. The Corporation makes available, free of charge on its internet website, access to these reports as soon as reasonably practicable after such material is filed with, or furnished to, the SEC. The information on the Corporation’s website is not part of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

3

Table of Contents

EXECUTIVE OFFICERS

The name, age, position with the Corporation⁽¹⁾ and business experience for the past five years of the Executive Officers of the Corporation are as follows:

John S. Stanik (age 63). Mr. Stanik has served as the Corporation’s Chief Executive Officer since January 2015. He previously worked at Calgon Carbon Corporation, an international company specializing in purification products, technologies and services, from 1991 through 2012, when he retired for personal reasons. Mr. Stanik served as President and Chief Executive Officer of Calgon Carbon from 2003 to 2012 and became its Chairman of the Board in 2007.

Rose Hoover (age 61). Ms. Hoover has been employed by the Corporation for more than thirty-five years. She has served as President and Chief Administrative Officer of the Corporation since August 2015 and Executive Vice President from 2011 to August 2015.

Michael G. McAuley (age 53). Mr. McAuley has served as the Vice President, Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer of the Corporation since April 2016. Previously, he served as Vice President and Chief Financial Officer of RTI International Metals, Inc., a producer of titanium mill products and fabricated metal components, from July 2014 to October 2015; Chief Financial Officer of ECI Development, Ltd., a private real estate developer, from January 2013 until June 2014, and Vice President and Treasurer of Goodrich Corporation, a manufacturer of aerospace and defense components and systems, from December 2007 until July 2012.

Maria Trainor (age 42). Ms. Trainor has served as Vice President, General Counsel and Secretary of the Corporation since June 2015. Prior to joining the Corporation, Ms. Trainor was a partner at K&L Gates, LLP, an international law firm, where she had practiced for nearly fourteen years.

Rodney L. Scagline (age 50). Mr. Scagline has served as President of Union Electric Steel Corporation since November 2015; Executive Vice President of Union Electric Steel Corporation from April 2014 to November 2015, Vice President of Manufacturing of Union Electric Steel Corporation from June 2013 to April 2014 and Director of Technology of Union Electric Steel Corporation from July 2011 to May 2013. He previously worked at Åkers National Roll Company, a cast engineered product manufacturer which was acquired by the Corporation in 2016 as part of the Åkers group acquisition, where he served as its Vice President of Metallurgical Services for three years and Vice President of Sales and Marketing for one year.

Terrence W. Kenny (age 57). Mr. Kenny has been employed by the Corporation for almost thirty years. He has served as President of the Air and Liquid Processing Group for more than five years.

ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS

From time to time, important factors may cause actual results to differ materially from future expected results based on performance expressed or implied by any forward-looking statements made by us, including known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors, many of which are not possible to predict or control. Several of these factors are described from time to time in our filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission, but the factors described in filings are not the only risks that are faced.

Cyclical demand for products and economic downturns may reduce the demand for, and sales of, our products, which could adversely affect our margins and profitability.

A significant portion of the Forged and Cast Engineered Products segment’s sales consists of rolling mill rolls to customers in the global steel industry which can be periodically impacted by economic or cyclical downturns. Such downturns, the timing and length of which are difficult to predict, may reduce the demand for, and sales of, our forged and cast steel rolls both in the United States and the rest of the world. Lower demand for rolls may also adversely impact profitability as other competing roll producers lower selling prices in the marketplace in order to fill their manufacturing capacity. Cancellation of orders or deferral of delivery of rolls may occur and produce an adverse impact on financial results. In addition, sales of non-roll product, consisting of open-die forged product primarily for the oil and gas industries, are impacted by fluctuations in global energy prices.

Excess global capacity in steel industry could lower prices for our products, which would adversely affect our sales, margins and profitability, as well as collectability of receivables and salability of in-process inventory.

The global steel manufacturing capacity currently exceeds global consumption of steel products. Such excess capacity often results in manufacturers in certain countries exporting steel at prices significantly below their home market prices (often due to local

4

Table of Contents

government assistance or subsidies), which leads to global market destabilization and reduced sales and profitability of some of our and our subsidiaries’ customers, which, in turn, affects our sales and profit margins, as well as collectability of receivables and salability of in-process inventory.

Steel industry consolidation resulted in certain customers having increased buying power, which could put pressure on prices of our products and result in lower profit margins.

As a result of reduced demand for steel products, the steel industry has undergone structural change by way of consolidation and mergers. In certain markets, the resultant reduction in the number of steel plants and the increased buying power of the enlarged steel producing companies may put pressure on the selling prices and profit margins of rolls.

A reduction in the level of export sales, as well as other economic factors in foreign countries, may have an adverse impact on our financial results.

Exports are a significant proportion of our subsidiaries’ sales. Historically, changes in foreign exchange rates, particularly in respect of the U.S. dollar, British pound and the euro, have impacted the export of our products and may do so again in the future. Other factors which may adversely impact export sales and operating results include political and economic instability, export controls, changes in tax laws and tariffs and new indigenous producers in overseas markets. A reduction in the level of export sales may have an adverse impact on our financial results. In addition, exchange rate changes may allow foreign roll suppliers to compete in our home markets.

Increases in the value of the U.S. dollar relative to other currencies may adversely affect our business, results of operations and financial condition.

Certain of our subsidiaries operate in foreign jurisdictions and, accordingly, earn revenues, pay expenses, own assets and incur liabilities in countries using currencies other than the U.S. dollar. Since our consolidated financial statements are presented in U.S. dollars, we must translate revenues and expenses into U.S. dollars at the average exchange rate during each reporting period, and assets and liabilities into U.S. dollars at the exchange rate in effect at the end of each reporting period. Therefore, increases or decreases in the value of the U.S. dollar against other major currencies will affect the translated value for revenue, expenses and balance sheet items denominated in foreign currencies and could materially affect our financial results expressed in U.S. dollars.

A downturn in capital spending in the United States and other jurisdictions may reduce demand for and sales of certain of our products, which would result in reduced profit margins.

Each of our businesses is susceptible to the general level of economic activity, particularly as it impacts industrial and construction capital spending. A downturn in capital spending in the United States and elsewhere may reduce demand for and sales of our subsidiaries’ air handling, power generation and refrigeration equipment, and rolling mill rolls. Lower demand may also reduce profit margins due to our competitors and us striving to maximize manufacturing capacity by lowering prices.

Commodity price increases, as well as any reductions in electricity or gas supply, could adversely impact our production, which would result in lower profitability.

Our subsidiaries use certain commodities in the manufacture of their products. These include steel scrap, ferroalloys and energy. Any sudden price increase may cause a reduction in profit margins or losses where fixed-priced contracts have been accepted or increases cannot be obtained in future selling prices. In addition, there may be curtailment in electricity or gas supply which would adversely impact production. Shortage of critical materials while driving up costs may be of such severity as to disrupt production, all of which may impact sales and profitability.

We may not be able to realize the expected benefits from the acquisitions that we make, and we may experience difficulties in integrating the acquired businesses.

We have made in the past, and may continue to make, certain acquisitions and enter into joint ventures, which are intended to complement or expand our businesses. These acquisitions involve a variety of challenges and risks. We may encounter difficulties integrating acquired businesses with our operations or applying our internal control processes to these acquisitions. Other risks associated with acquisitions are the diversion of management’s attention from other business concerns, the potential loss of key employees and customers of the acquired companies, the possible assumption of unknown liabilities, and potential disputes with the sellers. We may not be able to complete certain acquisitions due to antitrust laws and regulations in various jurisdictions.

5

Table of Contents

Additionally, we may not realize the degree of timing of benefits we anticipate when we first enter into a transaction. Any of the foregoing could adversely affect our business and results of operations.

A work stoppage or another industrial action on the part of any of our unions may be disruptive to our operations.

Our subsidiaries have several key operations which are subject to multi-year collective bargaining agreements with their hourly work forces. While we believe we have good relations with our unions, there is the risk of industrial action or work stoppage at the expiration of an agreement if contract negotiations break down, which may disrupt manufacturing and impact results of operations.

Dependence on certain equipment may cause an interruption in our production if such equipment is out of operation for an extended period of time, which would result in lower sales and profitability.

Our subsidiaries’ principal business relies on certain unique equipment such as an electric arc furnace and a spin cast work roll machine. Although a comprehensive critical spare inventory of key components for this equipment is maintained, if any such unique equipment is out of operation for an extended period, it may result in a significant reduction in our sales and earnings.

The ultimate liability of our subsidiaries for claims alleging personal injury from exposure to asbestos-containing components historically used in certain products of our subsidiaries could have a material adverse effect on our consolidated financial condition or liquidity in the future.

Our subsidiaries, and in some cases, we, are defendants in numerous claims alleging personal injury from exposure to asbestos-containing components historically used in certain products of our subsidiaries. Through year-end 2016, our insurance has covered a substantial majority of our settlement and defense costs. We believe that the estimated costs net of anticipated insurance recoveries of our pending and future asbestos legal proceedings for the next ten years will not have a material adverse effect on our consolidated financial condition or liquidity. However, there can be no assurance that our subsidiaries or we will not be subject to significant additional claims in the future or that our subsidiaries’ ultimate liability with respect to asbestos claims will not present significantly greater and longer lasting financial exposure than provided for in our consolidated financial statements. The ultimate net liability with respect to such pending and any unasserted claims is subject to various uncertainties, including the following:

Because of the uncertainties related to such claims, it is possible that the ultimate liability could have a material adverse effect on our consolidated financial condition or liquidity in the future.

The loss of any of our key management or our inability to attract or retain qualified personnel may prevent us from our implementing our business strategy.

Our success is dependent on the management, experience and leadership skills of our senior management team and key employees. The loss of any of these individuals or an inability to attract, retain and maintain additional personnel with similar industry experience could prevent us from implementing our business strategy. We cannot assure you that we will be able to retain our existing senior management and key personnel or to attract additional qualified personnel when needed.

Potential attacks on information technology infrastructure and other cyber-based business disruptions could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations.

We depend on integrated information technology (“IT”) systems to conduct our business. IT systems failures, including risks associated with upgrading our systems or in successfully integrating IT and other systems in connection with the integration of businesses we acquire, network disruptions and breaches of data security could disrupt our operations by impeding our processing of transactions, our ability to protect customer or company information and our financial reporting. Our computer systems, including our back-up systems, could be damaged or interrupted by power outages, computer and telecommunications failures, computer viruses,

6

Table of Contents

internal or external security breaches, events such as fires, earthquakes, floods, tornadoes and hurricanes, and/or errors by our employees. Cyber-based risks, in particular, are evolving and include both attacks to our IT infrastructure and attacks to the IT infrastructure of third parties in attempts to gain unauthorized access to our confidential or other proprietary information, or information relating to our employees, customers and other third parties. Although we have taken steps to address these concerns, there can be no assurance that a system failure or data security breach will not have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations.

We could be exposed to substantial liabilities resulting from non-compliance with domestic and international environmental laws and regulations.

We and our subsidiaries are subject to various domestic and international environmental laws and regulations that govern the discharge of pollutants and disposal of wastes and which may require that we and our subsidiaries investigate and remediate the effects of the release or disposal of materials at sites associated with past and present operations. We and our subsidiaries could incur substantial cleanup costs, fines and civil or criminal sanctions, third party property damage or personal injury claims as a result of violations or liabilities under these laws or non-compliance with environmental permits required at our facilities.

A change in the existing regulatory environment could negatively affect our operations and financial performance.

Our business activities are governed by U.S. federal and state and non-U.S. laws, regulations, and policies related to direct and indirect taxes, trade controls and tariffs, currency controls, data privacy, and economic sanctions, among other areas. These laws, regulations, and policies are subject to change in the future, and may result in restrictions or limitations to our current operational practices and processes and product/service offerings. These changes could negatively impact our current cost structure, revenue streams, cash flows, and overall financial position.

New trade restrictions and regulatory burdens associated with “Brexit” could adversely impact our operations and financial performance.

On June 23, 2016, voters in the United Kingdom approved a referendum to exit from the European Union (“E.U.”), commonly known as “Brexit.” As the United Kingdom and the E.U. enter into negotiations to determine their new relationship, greater restrictions and regulatory burdens may be put upon trade between the United Kingdom and the E.U. This may have an adverse effect on our operations and financial performance.

ITEM 1B. UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS

The Corporation has no unresolved staff comments.

7

Table of Contents

ITEM 2. PROPERTIES

The location and general character of the principal locations in each segment, all of which are owned unless otherwise noted, are listed below. In addition, we have sales offices in the following countries: Belgium, Brazil, China, Egypt, France, Germany, Singapore, Slovenia, South Korea, Sweden, Turkey and Taiwan. See Note 5 (Property, Plant and Equipment) and Note 8 (Borrowing Arrangements) of this Annual Report on Form 10-K for disclosure of properties held as collateral.

8

Table of Contents

The Corporation leases office space from Union Electric Steel Corporation. The Corporation subleases a portion of its office space to Air & Liquid Systems Corporation for use as its headquarters. All of the owned facilities are adequate and suitable for their respective purposes.

The Forged and Cast Engineered Products segment’s facilities operated within 60% to 70% of their normal capacity during 2016. The facilities of the Air and Liquid Processing segment operated within 60% to 70% of their normal capacity. Normal capacity is defined as capacity under approximately normal conditions with allowances made for unavoidable interruptions, such as lost time for repairs, maintenance, breakdowns, set-up, failure, supply delays, labor shortages and absences, Sundays, holidays, vacation, inventory taking. The number of work shifts is also taken into consideration.

ITEM 3. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS

LITIGATION

The Corporation and its subsidiaries are involved in various claims and lawsuits incidental to their businesses and are also subject to asbestos litigation as described below. In addition, in February 2017, the Corporation, its indirect subsidiary Åkers National Roll Corporation, as well as the Åkers National Roll Company Health & Welfare Benefits Plan were named as defendants in a class action complaint filed in the United States District Court for the Western District of Pennsylvania, where the plaintiffs (currently retired former employees of Åkers National Roll Company, as well as United Steel, Paper and Forestry, Rubber, Manufacturing, Energy, Allied Industrial, and Service Workers International Union, AFL-CIO) alleged that the defendants breached collective bargaining agreements and violated the benefit plan by modifying medical benefits of the plaintiffs and similarly situated retirees. The complaint seeks class certification. We believe the lawsuit is without merit and intend to vigorously defend it. While no assurance can be given as to the ultimate outcome of this matter, we believe that the final resolution of this action will not have a material adverse effect on our results of operations, financial position, liquidity or capital resources.

Asbestos Litigation

Claims have been asserted alleging personal injury from exposure to asbestos-containing components historically used in some products of predecessors of Air & Liquid Systems Corporation (“Asbestos Liability”). Those subsidiaries, and in some cases the Corporation, are defendants (among a number of defendants, often in excess of 50) in cases filed in various state and federal courts.

9

Table of Contents

Asbestos Claims

The following table reflects approximate information about the claims for Asbestos Liability against the subsidiaries and the Corporation for the two years ended December 31, 2016 and 2015.

A substantial majority of the settlement and defense costs reflected in the above table was reported and paid by insurers. Because claims are often filed and can be settled or dismissed in large groups, the amount and timing of settlements, as well as the number of open claims, can fluctuate significantly from period to period.

Asbestos Insurance

The Corporation and its Air & Liquid Systems Corporation (“Air & Liquid”) subsidiary are parties to a series of settlement agreements (“Settlement Agreements”) with insurers that have coverage obligations for Asbestos Liability (the “Settling Insurers”). Under the Settlement Agreements, the Settling Insurers accept financial responsibility, subject to the terms and conditions of the respective agreements, including overall coverage limits, for pending and future claims for Asbestos Liability. The Settlement Agreements encompass the substantial majority of insurance policies that provide coverage for claims for Asbestos Liability.

The Settlement Agreements include acknowledgements that Howden North America, Inc. (“Howden”) is entitled to coverage under policies covering Asbestos Liability for claims arising out of the historical products manufactured or distributed by Buffalo Forge, a former subsidiary of the Corporation (the “Products”). The Settlement Agreements do not provide for any prioritization on access to the applicable policies or any sublimits of liability as to Howden or the Corporation and Air & Liquid, and, accordingly, Howden may access the coverage afforded by the Settling Insurers for any covered claim arising out of a Product. In general, access by Howden to the coverage afforded by the Settling Insurers for the Products will erode coverage under the Settlement Agreements available to the Corporation and Air & Liquid for Asbestos Liability.

On February 24, 2011, the Corporation and Air & Liquid filed a lawsuit in the United States District Court for the Western District of Pennsylvania against thirteen domestic insurance companies, certain underwriters at Lloyd’s, London and certain London market insurance companies, and Howden. The lawsuit sought a declaratory judgment regarding the respective rights and obligations of the parties under excess insurance policies that were issued to the Corporation from 1981 through 1984 as respects claims against the Corporation and Air & Liquid for Asbestos Liability and as respects asbestos bodily-injury claims against Howden arising from the Products. By September 2013, the Corporation and Air & Liquid had reached Settlement Agreements with all but two of the defendant insurers in the coverage action. Those Settlement Agreements specify the terms and conditions upon which the insurer parties are to contribute to defense and indemnity costs for claims for Asbestos Liability. One of the Settlement Agreements entered into by the Corporation and Air & Liquid also provided for the dismissal of claims, without prejudice, regarding two upper-level excess policies issued by one of the insurers. The Court entered Orders dismissing all claims in the action filed against each other by the Corporation and Air & Liquid, on the one hand, and by the settling insurers, on the other. Howden also reached an agreement with eight domestic insurers addressing asbestos-related bodily injury claims arising from the Products, and claims as to those insurers and Howden were also dismissed. Various counterclaims, cross claims and third party claims had been filed in the litigation and remained pending as of September 27, 2013 although only two domestic insurers and Howden remained in the litigation as to the Corporation and Air & Liquid at that time. On September 27, 2013, the Court issued a memorandum opinion and order granting in part and

denying in part cross motions for summary judgment filed by the Corporation and Air & Liquid, Howden, and the insurer parties still

10

Table of Contents

in the litigation. On February 26, 2015, the Court issued final judgment. One insurer filed a notice of appeal from the judgment to the U.S. Court of Appeals to the Third Circuit; as a result, several other insurers, Howden, the Corporation, and Air & Liquid filed notices of appeal. On November 2, 2016, the Corporation and Air & Liquid reached a settlement with one of the two insurer defendants that remained in the litigation as to them. Thereafter, the U.S. Court of Appeals issued an order of dismissal of the case on November 23, 2016 by agreement of all parties.

Asbestos Valuations

In 2006, the Corporation retained Hamilton, Rabinovitz & Associates, Inc. (“HR&A”), a nationally recognized expert in the valuation of asbestos liabilities, to assist the Corporation in estimating the potential liability for pending and unasserted future claims for Asbestos Liability. Based on this analysis, the Corporation recorded a reserve for Asbestos Liability claims pending or projected to be asserted through 2013 as of December 31, 2006. HR&A’s analysis has been periodically updated since that time. Most recently, the HR&A analysis was updated in 2016, and additional reserves were established by the Corporation as of December 31, 2016 for Asbestos Liability claims pending or projected to be asserted through 2026. The methodology used by HR&A in its projection in 2016 of the operating subsidiaries’ liability for pending and unasserted potential future claims for Asbestos Liability, which is substantially the same as the methodology employed by HR&A in prior estimates, relied upon and included the following factors:

Using this information, HR&A estimated in 2016 the number of future claims for Asbestos Liability that would be filed through the year 2026, as well as the settlement or indemnity costs that would be incurred to resolve both pending and future unasserted claims through 2026. This methodology has been accepted by numerous courts.

In conjunction with developing the aggregate liability estimate referenced above, the Corporation also developed an estimate of probable insurance recoveries for its Asbestos Liabilities. In developing the estimate, the Corporation considered HR&A’s projection for settlement or indemnity costs for Asbestos Liability and management’s projection of associated defense costs (based on the current defense to indemnity cost ratio), as well as a number of additional factors. These additional factors included the Settlement Agreements then in effect, policy exclusions, policy limits, policy provisions regarding coverage for defense costs, attachment points, prior impairment of policies and gaps in the coverage, policy exhaustions, insolvencies among certain of the insurance carriers, and the nature of the underlying claims for Asbestos Liability asserted against the subsidiaries and the Corporation as reflected in the Corporation’s asbestos claims database, as well as estimated erosion of insurance limits on account of claims against Howden arising out of the Products. In addition to consulting with the Corporation’s outside legal counsel on these insurance matters, the Corporation consulted with a nationally-recognized insurance consulting firm it retained to assist the Corporation with certain policy allocation matters that also are among the several factors considered by the Corporation when analyzing potential recoveries from relevant historical insurance for Asbestos Liabilities. Based upon all of the factors considered by the Corporation, and taking into account the Corporation’s analysis of publicly available information regarding the credit-worthiness of various insurers, the Corporation estimated the probable insurance recoveries for Asbestos Liability and defense costs through 2026. Although the Corporation believes that the assumptions employed in the insurance valuation were reasonable and previously consulted with its outside legal counsel and insurance consultant regarding those assumptions, there are other assumptions that could have been employed that would have resulted in materially lower insurance recovery projections.

Based on the analyses described above, the Corporation’s reserve at December 31, 2016 for the total costs, including defense costs, for Asbestos Liability claims pending or projected to be asserted through 2026 was $171 million of which approximately 70% was attributable to settlement costs for unasserted claims projected to be filed through 2026 and future defense costs. While it is reasonably possible that the Corporation will incur additional charges for Asbestos Liability and defense costs in excess of the

11

Table of Contents

amounts currently reserved, the Corporation believes that there is too much uncertainty to provide for reasonable estimation of the number of future claims, the nature of such claims and the cost to resolve them beyond 2026. Accordingly, no reserve has been recorded for any costs that may be incurred after 2026.

The Corporation’s receivable at December 31, 2016 for insurance recoveries attributable to the claims for which the Corporation’s Asbestos Liability reserve has been established, including the portion of incurred defense costs covered by the Settlement Agreements in effect through December 31, 2016, and the probable payments and reimbursements relating to the estimated indemnity and defense costs for pending and unasserted future Asbestos Liability claims, was $116 million.

The following table summarizes activity relating to insurance recoveries for each of the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2015.

The insurance receivable recorded by the Corporation does not assume any recovery from insolvent carriers and a substantial majority of the insurance recoveries deemed probable was from insurance companies rated A – (excellent) or better by A.M. Best Corporation. There can be no assurance, however, that there will not be further insolvencies among the relevant insurance carriers, or that the assumed percentage recoveries for certain carriers will prove correct. The difference between insurance recoveries and projected costs is not due to exhaustion of all insurance coverage for Asbestos Liability. The Corporation and the subsidiaries have substantial additional insurance coverage which the Corporation expects to be available for Asbestos Liability claims and defense costs that the subsidiaries and it may incur after 2026. However, this insurance coverage also can be expected to have gaps creating significant shortfalls of insurance recoveries against claims expense, which could be material in future years.

The amounts recorded by the Corporation for Asbestos Liabilities and insurance receivables rely on assumptions that are based on currently known facts and strategy. The Corporation’s actual expenses or insurance recoveries could be significantly higher or lower than those recorded if assumptions used in the Corporation’s or HR&A’s calculations vary significantly from actual results. Key variables in these assumptions are identified above and include the number and type of new claims to be filed each year, the average cost of disposing of each such new claim, average annual defense costs, compliance by relevant parties with the terms of the Settlement Agreements, the resolution of remaining coverage issues with insurance carriers, and the solvency risk with respect to the relevant insurance carriers. Other factors that may affect the Corporation’s Asbestos Liability and ability to recover under its insurance policies include uncertainties surrounding the litigation process from jurisdiction to jurisdiction and from case to case, reforms that may be made by state and federal courts, and the passage of state or federal tort reform legislation.

The Corporation intends to evaluate its estimated Asbestos Liability and related insurance receivables as well as the underlying assumptions on a regular basis to determine whether any adjustments to the estimates are required. Due to the uncertainties surrounding asbestos litigation and insurance, these regular reviews may result in the Corporation incurring future charges; however, the Corporation is currently unable to estimate such future charges. Adjustments, if any, to the Corporation’s estimate of its recorded Asbestos Liability and/or insurance receivables could be material to operating results for the periods in which the adjustments to the liability or receivable are recorded, and to the Corporation’s liquidity and consolidated financial position.

ENVIRONMENTAL

The Corporation is currently performing certain remedial actions in connection with the sale of real estate previously owned and appropriate reserves have been established.

ITEM 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES

Not applicable.

12

Table of Contents

– PART II –

ITEM 5. MARKET FOR REGISTRANT’S COMMON EQUITY, RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS AND ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES

The shares of common stock of Ampco-Pittsburgh Corporation are traded on the New York Stock Exchange (symbol AP). Cash dividends have been paid on common shares in every year since 1965.

The number of registered shareholders at December 31, 2016 and 2015 equaled 392 and 373, respectively.

STOCK PERFORMANCE GRAPH

Comparison of Five Year Cumulative Total Return*

Standard & Poors 500 Index, NYSE Composite and Morningstar’s Steel Industry

Performance Results through December 2016

Assumes $100 invested at the close of trading on the last trading day preceding January 1, 2011 in Ampco-Pittsburgh Corporation common stock, Standard & Poors 500 Index, NYSE Composite Index and Morningstar’s Steel Industry group.

*Cumulative total return assumes reinvestment of dividends.

In the above graph, the Corporation has used Morningstar’s Steel Industry group for its peer comparison. The diversity of products produced by subsidiaries of the Corporation makes it difficult to match to any one product-based peer group. Although not totally comparable, the Steel Industry group was chosen because the largest percentage of the Corporation’s sales is to the global steel industry. Historical stock price performance shown on the above graph is not necessarily indicative of future price performance.

13

Table of Contents

ITEM 6. SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA

Our selected financial data includes the results of operations of Åkers from March 3, 2016 and ASW from November 1, 2016, their respective dates of acquisition, and their financial position as of December 31, 2016. Accordingly, our selected data for 2016 is not fully comparable to earlier years and may not be indicative of our future results of operations or financial position. The information set forth below should be read in conjunction with Item 7, “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” and Item 8, “Financial Statements and Supplementary Data” and notes thereto.

2016 – After-tax charges of $26,676 or $2.23 per common share principally for the write-off of goodwill in the Forged and Cast Engineered Products reporting unit deemed to be impaired (see Note 2 to Consolidated Financial Statements), $30,405 or $2.54 per common share to recognize a valuation allowance against certain deferred income tax assets (see Note 15 to Consolidated Financial Statements), and $4,565 or $0.38 per common share for estimated costs of asbestos-related litigation through 2026 net of estimated insurance recoveries (see Note 19 to Consolidated Financial Statements) and a settlement with an insurance carrier for an amount in excess of the receivable estimated.

2015 – After-tax asbestos-related proceeds of $9,316 or $0.89 per common share received from two insurance carriers in rehabilitation.

2014 – An after-tax charge of $2,916 or $0.28 per common share for estimated costs of asbestos-related litigation through 2024 net of estimated insurance recoveries.

2013 – An after-tax credit of $10,621 or $1.03 per common share for estimated additional insurance recoveries expected to be available to satisfy asbestos liabilities through 2022 resulting from settlement agreements reached with various insurance carriers offset by an after-tax charge of $4,165 or $0.40 per common share to recognize an other-than-temporary impairment of our investment in a forged roll joint venture company for a net increase to net income of $6,456 or $0.63 per common share.

14

Table of Contents

ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATION

(in thousands, except per share amounts)

EXECUTIVE OVERVIEW

Ampco-Pittsburgh Corporation and its subsidiaries (the “Corporation”) manufacture and sell highly engineered, high-performance specialty metal products and customized equipment utilized by industry throughout the world. We operate in two business segments – the Forged and Cast Engineered Products segment and the Air and Liquid Processing segment.

Forged and Cast Engineered Products

The Forged and Cast Engineered Products segment historically consisted of Union Electric Steel Corporation (“Union Electric Steel” or “UES”) and Union Electric Steel UK Limited (“UES-UK”). In March 2016, UES acquired the stock of Åkers AB and certain of its affiliated companies, including Åkers AB’s 60% equity interest in a Chinese joint venture company (collectively, “Åkers”). Åkers has been a leader in the production of forged and cast rolls since 1806. Collectively doing business as Union Electric Åkers, the segment produces ingot and forged products and cast products that service a wide variety of industries globally. They specialize in the production of forged hardened steel rolls used mainly for cold rolling by producers of steel, aluminum and other metals and cast rolls for hot and cold strip mills, medium/heavy section mills and plate mills in a variety of iron and steel qualities.

The segment also produces ingot and open-die forged products (“other forging products”) which are used in the oil and gas industry and the aluminum and plastic extrusion industries. In July 2015, UES acquired the assets of Alloys Unlimited & Processing, Inc. (“AUP”) and, in November 2016, the stock of ASW Steel Inc. (“ASW”). AUP is a supplier of specialty tool, alloy, and carbon steel round bar and is located in the United States. ASW is a specialty steel producer based in Canada. Both acquisitions support our diversification efforts in the open-die forging market.

The segment has operations in the United States, England, Sweden, Slovenia, Canada and an equity interest in three joint venture companies in China. Collectively, the segment primarily competes with European, Asian and North and South American companies in both domestic and foreign markets and distributes a significant portion of its products through sales offices located throughout the world. The consolidated financial statements of the Corporation include the financial position and results of operations of the acquired companies from their respective dates of acquisition.

The Forged and Cast Engineered Products segment has been operating at levels significantly below capacity due to an overall reduction in demand for roll product. Market conditions in the United States, Europe and other world regions remain difficult due to weaknesses in our customer base, which is suffering from excess steelmaking capacity and an over-supply of rolls worldwide. The strengthening of the U.S. dollar against most major currencies has further hampered opportunity. With the global steelmaking industry operating below capacity, customer emphasis has been on roll cost versus performance. Accordingly, pricing has suffered and profit margins have decreased. By the latter part of 2016, however, demand and pricing have begun to increase. Additionally, many of our customers have announced improved results which should lead to ongoing improvement in demand and pricing for us in the future. Efforts continue to diversify our other forging products. While weak crude oil pricing affected demand for the majority of the year, there has been some increase in sales activities during the fourth quarter.

Air and Liquid Processing

The Air and Liquid Processing segment includes Aerofin, Buffalo Air Handling and Buffalo Pumps, all divisions of Air & Liquid Systems Corporation (“Air and Liquid”), a wholly owned subsidiary of the Corporation. Aerofin produces custom-engineered finned tube heat exchange coils and related heat transfer products for a variety of industries including OEM/Commercial, fossil fuel power generation, nuclear power generation and industrial manufacturing. Buffalo Air Handling produces large custom-designed air handling systems for institutional (e.g., hospital, university), pharmaceutical and general industrial building markets. Buffalo Pumps manufactures centrifugal pumps for the fossil fuel power generation, marine defense and industrial refrigeration industries. The segment has operations in Virginia and New York with headquarters in Carnegie, Pennsylvania. The segment distributes a significant portion of its products through a common independent group of sales offices located throughout the United States and Canada.

15

Table of Contents

For the Air and Liquid Processing segment, business activity in the specialty centrifugal pump industry continues to be strong while a decline in the fossil-fueled power generation market and the OEM/Commercial market is negatively affecting our heat exchange business. The downturn in the fossil-fueled power generation market is due to a decline in spending for coal-fired power plants while the OEM/Commercial market is being impacted by lower spending and increased competition from low cost producers. Demand for custom air handling systems has improved while competitive pricing pressures continue. The focus for this segment is to grow revenues, increase margins, strengthen engineering and manufacturing capabilities, and continuing to improve the sales distribution network.

CONSOLIDATED RESULTS OF OPERATIONS OVERVIEW

The Corporation

Consolidated net sales and (loss) income from operations for 2016 include the net sales and operating results of Åkers and ASW from their respective dates of acquisition in 2016, or approximately $128,602 of net sales and a loss of $37,207 from operations, including the write-off of goodwill in the Forged and Cast Engineered Products reporting unit deemed to be impaired. Consolidated (loss) income from operations for 2016 also includes a net pre-tax charge of $4,565 comprised of $5,632 for the estimated costs of asbestos-related litigation through 2026, net of estimated insurance recoveries, offset by $1,067 of asbestos-related proceeds received from a settlement with an insurance carrier in excess of the receivable amount estimated. By comparison, consolidated (loss) income from operations for 2015 includes pre-tax asbestos-related proceeds of $14,333 received from two insurance carriers in rehabilitation and 2014 includes a pre-tax charge of $4,487 for estimated costs of asbestos-related litigation through 2024 net of estimated insurance recoveries. Corporate expenses increased in the current year due to higher employee-related costs, including a full year effect of centralizing the back office functions, which transferred approximately $800 of additional costs from the operating entities to Corporate, and higher professional fees resulting primarily from the acquisition of Åkers and ASW. Corporate expenses increased in 2015 from 2014 primarily due to the effect of centralizing back office functions of approximately $1,600 and acquisition-related costs. Acquisition-related costs approximated $3,056 and $3,383 in 2016 and 2015, respectively. No significant acquisition costs were incurred in 2014. A discussion of sales, (loss) income from operations and backlog for the Corporation’s two segments is included below.

Gross margin, excluding depreciation and amortization, as a percentage of net sales, was 16.7%, 17.8% and 19.9% for 2016, 2015 and 2014, respectively. The decrease is principally due to the acquisition of Åkers and unfavorable effects from purchase accounting. The

16

Table of Contents

decrease in 2015 from 2014 is primarily attributable to our Forged and Cast Engineered Products segment which was impacted by a lower volume of shipments, a reduction in the level of production and ongoing price concessions to remain competitive.

Selling and administrative expenses totaled $58,175 (17.5% of net sales), $39,510 (16.6% of net sales) and $37,380 (13.7% of net sales) for 2016, 2015 and 2014, respectively. The increase for 2016 is primarily due to the addition of Åkers and ASW, which approximated $17,145 including a reserve of $1,513 for a customer who filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy protection, and higher Corporate expenses. The increase in 2015 from 2014 is principally attributable to acquisition-related costs of $3,383.

The charge for asbestos litigation in 2016 represents an extension of the estimated costs of pending and future asbestos claims, net of additional insurance recoveries, from 2024 to the end of 2026 partly offset by asbestos-related proceeds received from a settlement with an insurance carrier in excess of the amount estimated and included as an insurance receivable. The credit for asbestos litigation in 2015 represents asbestos-related proceeds received from two insurance carriers in rehabilitation which, because of their potential insolvency, were not included in the insurance receivable previously recorded. The charge for asbestos litigation in 2014 represents an extension of the estimated costs of pending and future asbestos claims, net of additional insurance recoveries, from 2022 to the end of 2024. The claims result from alleged personal injury from exposure to asbestos-containing components historically used in some products manufactured by certain companies which now operate as divisions of the Air and Liquid Processing segment. See Note 19 to Consolidated Financial Statements.

The charge for impairment in 2016 represents primarily the write-off of goodwill in the Forged and Cast Engineered Products reporting unit deemed to be impaired. Goodwill is not amortized but is tested for impairment at the reporting unit level at least annually, as of October 1, or whenever events and circumstances indicate the carrying amount may not be recoverable. In connection with our strategic planning process and goodwill impairment testing completed in the fourth quarter of 2016, we determined that goodwill in the Forged and Cast Engineered Products reporting unit was fully impaired primarily as a result of depressed market conditions.

Interest expense increased for the current year when compared to the prior years principally as a result of interest on the (1) notes issued in connection with the purchase of Åkers, (2) the loan payable to the non-controlling shareholder of the Åkers Chinese joint venture, and (3) the unused portion of the revolving credit facility.

Other income (expense) fluctuated primarily as a result of changes in foreign exchange losses and credits (charges) related to operations discontinued years ago. During the year, the U.S. dollar strengthened and the British pound sterling continued to fall, contributing, in part, to losses on foreign exchange transactions of approximately $(1,161) in 2016 in comparison to $(324) and $(488) for 2015 and 2014, respectively. Credits (charges) related to operations discontinued years ago equaled $82, $(144) and $(443), respectively.

Our income tax provision for 2016 includes valuation allowances against certain of our deferred income tax assets. To determine whether a valuation allowance was needed, we assessed available positive and negative evidence and estimated whether sufficient future taxable income would be generated to permit use of the existing deferred income tax assets. However, during 2016, we incurred three years of cumulative losses, inclusive of the acquired Åkers businesses as if the businesses were held during the entire three-year period. Such objective evidence limits our ability to consider other subjective evidence, such as projections for future growth and profitability. On the basis of this evaluation, we established valuation allowances of $30,405 to reduce the estimated portion of deferred income tax assets to an amount that is “more likely than not” to be realized. The valuation allowance is a non-cash charge and the deferred income tax assets remain available to offset future income tax payments. Additionally, if and when we return to a level of sustained profitability sufficient to conclude that it is more likely than not that deferred tax assets will be realized, we will reduce the valuation allowance accordingly.

Our U.S. federal statutory income tax rate equals 35%. The effective income tax rate for 2016 is higher than our federal statutory income rate principally due to the recognition of valuation allowances against certain of our deferred income tax assets and the write-off of goodwill, which is non-deductible for tax purposes until the associated entities are sold. The effective income tax rate for 2015 is higher than our federal statutory income rate due to the non-deductibility of acquisition-related costs, state income taxes and a lower statutory income tax rate in jurisdictions where foreign operations incurred a net loss (thereby generating less of a tax benefit). The effective income tax rate for 2014 is greater than our federal statutory income tax rate due to a reduction in current year earnings, which caused permanent adjustments to have a greater impact on the overall effective income tax rate, and the revaluation of deferred income tax assets associated with decreases in the state income tax rates for New York and Indiana.

17

Table of Contents

Equity gains (losses) in the Chinese joint venture represent Union Electric Steel’s share of the income/losses of Union Electric Steel MG Roll Co., Ltd (“UES-MG”) and, for 2016, a gain on the sale of a portion of Union Electric Steel’s interest in the joint venture (see Note 3 to Consolidated Financial Statements).

As a result of the above, for 2016, we incurred a net loss of $79,820, or $6.68 per common share, which includes after-tax charges of $26,676, or $2.23 per common share, principally for the write-off of goodwill in the Forged and Cast Engineered Products reporting unit deemed to be impaired; $30,405, or $2.54 per common share, for valuation allowances established against certain of our deferred income tax assets; and $4,565, or $0.38 per common share, for estimated costs of asbestos-related litigation through 2026 net of estimated insurance recoveries estimated (see Note 19 to Consolidated Financial Statements) and a settlement with an insurance carrier for an amount in excess of the receivable estimated. For 2015, we earned $1,373, or $0.13 per common share, which includes an after-tax credit of $9,316, or $0.89 per common share, for the net benefit of proceeds received from insurance carriers in rehabilitation. For 2014, we lost $1,187, or $0.11 per common share, which includes an after-tax charge of $2,916, or $0.28 per common share, for estimated costs of asbestos-related litigation through 2024 net of estimated insurance recoveries.

Forged and Cast Engineered Products

Net sales for 2016 include net sales of Åkers and ASW of $128,602. Net sales of legacy businesses decreased primarily as a result of an ongoing decline in traditional roll shipments (approximately $48,200 over the two-year period) and other forging products (approximately $3,600 over the two-year period). Additionally, the exchange rate used to translate sales of our U.K. operations from the British pound to the U.S. dollar continued to weaken, reducing 2016 net sales by approximately $4,500 when compared to 2015 and $8,500 over the two-year period.

Operating (loss) income includes the operating results of Åkers and ASW of approximately $(37,207), including the write-off of goodwill in the Forged and Cast Engineered Products reporting unit deemed to be impaired, integration-related restructuring expenses and unfavorable effects from purchase accounting. With respect to our legacy businesses, weaker margins for forged and cast roll shipments and other forging products further affected operating results by $3,003. While operating results were also impacted by a lower volume of shipments of cast rolls and other forging products, the effect was offset by a higher volume of forged roll shipments. Additionally, a full year benefit of centralized back office costs, which began in 2015 and transferred employee-related costs from the segment to Corporate, also improved segment earnings by an additional $700.

For 2015 versus 2014, the decrease in the volume of shipments impacted operating results by approximately $4,800. Weaker margins and an under-recovery of costs resulting from lower production levels adversely affected earnings by approximately $7,200. Lower freight and commission costs of approximately $1,100, collection of accounts receivable written off in the previous year of approximately $750 and savings from the centralization of back office functions of approximately $1,400 helped to offset the impact of lower volumes and weaker margins. The effect from the decrease in the exchange rates used to translate operating results of our U.K. operations from the British pound to the U.S. dollar operating was not significant to either of the years.

Backlog at December 31, 2016 includes backlog for Åkers and ASW of $88,590. Although order intake improved for both legacy forged and cast rolls during the fourth quarter of 2016, the benefit was offset by a lower exchange rate used to convert the backlog of our U.K. operations from the British pound to the U.S. dollar. The decrease in backlog at December 31, 2015 compared to December 31, 2014 is principally due to lower demand. As of December 31, 2016, approximately $11,890 of the backlog is expected to be released after 2017.

Air and Liquid Processing

18

Table of Contents

For 2016, net sales for the segment dropped by approximately 2% when compared to 2015 and 10% when compared to 2014. Sales of heat exchange coils fell by approximately 28% over the two-year period primarily attributable to a reduced level of shipments to the fossil-fueled utility, industrial and OEM/commercial markets resulting from lower demand and increased competition. Sales of air handling systems remained relatively flat over the three-year period. While demand improved, competitive pricing pressures continued. Sales of centrifugal pumps improved by approximately 10% over the two-year period principally due to a higher level of activity with U.S. Navy shipbuilders.

Operating income includes asbestos-related items in each of the years. For 2016, operating income includes a pre-tax charge of $5,632 for estimated costs of asbestos-related litigation through 2026, net of estimated insurance recoveries, offset by proceeds received from an asbestos-related insurance carrier greater than the receivable estimated of $1,067. For 2015, operating income includes $14,333 of proceeds received from two insurance carriers in rehabilitation which, because of their potential insolvency, were not included in the insurance receivable previously recorded. For 2014, operating income includes a pre-tax charge of $4,487 for estimated costs of asbestos-related litigation through 2024 net of estimated insurance recoveries. Despite the decline in net sales, operating income for 2016 and 2015 benefited principally from a better product mix, cost containment efforts and centralization of back office functions which transferred approximately $300 and $200, respectively, of employee-related costs from the segment to Corporate when compared to 2014.

Backlog at the end of 2016 improved from the previous two years as a result of an increase in orders for air handling units and pumps attributable to improved market demand. Backlog for heat exchange coils decreased from the previous two years primarily due to a decline in orders for the fossil-fueled utility, industrial and OEM/commercial markets. The majority of the year-end backlog is scheduled to ship in 2017.

LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES

Net cash flows (used in) provided by operating activities for 2016 equaled $(5,634) compared to $20,505 and $19,975 for 2015 and 2014, respectively. In 2016, we recognized non-cash charges for: (1) the write-off of goodwill in the Forged and Cast Engineered Products reporting unit deemed to be impaired; (2) valuation allowances to reduce our deferred income tax assets to an amount that is “more likely than not” to be realized; and (3) the revaluation of our asbestos-related liabilities and insurance receivables. In 2014, we took a similar non-cash charge to adjust our asbestos-related liabilities and insurance receivables. While these non-cash charges impacted earnings, they did not affect cash flows by the same amount. Instead, since goodwill represents the excess of the purchase price of a business over the fair value of net tangible and intangible assets acquired and liabilities assumed, cash flow is affected at the time the consideration is paid. Additionally, the deferred income tax assets remain available to offset future income tax payments. Finally, the asbestos liability, net of insurance recoveries, will be paid over a number of years and will generate tax benefits. Net asbestos-related payments equaled $4,630, $3,971 and $3,642 in 2016, 2015 and 2014, respectively, and are expected to approximate $5,000 in 2017. Also, in 2016, we received proceeds of $1,067 from a settlement with an asbestos-related insurance carrier in excess of the receivable amount estimated and, in 2015, proceeds of $14,333 from two asbestos-related insurance carriers in rehabilitation.

Net cash flows used in investing activities were $40,878, $14,299 and $13,219 in 2016, 2015 and 2014, respectively. The purchase price for Åkers, after a post-closing purchase price adjustment made in accordance with the purchase agreement, approximated $74,155 and was comprised of $29,399 in cash, $22,619 in the form of three-year promissory notes, and 1,776,604 shares of common stock of the Corporation which, based on the closing price of our common stock as of the date of closing, had a fair value of $22,137. The notes bear interest at 6.5%, compounding annually, with principal and interest payable at maturity on March 3, 2019. The purchase price for ASW approximated $13,116, consisting of $3,500 in cash and $9,616 in the assumption of outstanding indebtedness which was repaid in 2017. See Note 22 to Consolidated Financial Statements. The purchase of AUP in 2015 approximated $5,000. The majority of the capital expenditures are for our Forged and Cast Engineered Products segment unit and, as of December 31, 2016, expected future capital expenditures approximated $4,006 which are anticipated to be spent over the next 12 months.

Net cash outflows from financing activities include the payment of dividends of $0.36 per common share during 2016 and $0.72 per common share in 2015 and 2014. During 2016, we incurred debt issuance costs associated primarily with our new five-year Revolving Credit and Security Agreement and had payment and borrowing activity associated with the debt of our acquired businesses. In 2014, stock options were exercised resulting in proceeds from the issuance of common stock and excess tax benefits.

19

Table of Contents

The effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents is primarily attributable to the fluctuation of the British pound and Swedish krona against the U.S. dollar.

As a result of the above, cash and cash equivalents decreased by $56,543 in 2016 and ended the year at $38,579 in comparison to $95,122 and $97,098 at December 31, 2015 and 2014, respectively. Cash held by our foreign operations approximated $12,539, $10,785 and $9,479 at December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014, respectively. Repatriation of foreign funds may result in us accruing and paying additional income tax; however, the majority of foreign funds is currently deemed to be permanently reinvested and no additional provision for income tax has been made. Funds on hand, funds generated from future operations and availability under our revolving credit facility (approximately $54,000 at December 31, 2016 which remained undrawn) are expected to be sufficient to finance our operational and capital expenditure requirements. While the revolving credit agreement limits the amount of distributions upstream, we have not historically relied on or have been dependent on distributions from our subsidiaries and are not expected to be in the future. Additionally, we had approximately $750 (£250 in the United Kingdom and €400 in Belgium) under short-term lines of credit at December 31, 2016.

We had the following contractual obligations outstanding as of December 31, 2016:

With respect to environmental matters, we are currently performing certain remedial actions in connection with the sale of real estate previously owned and periodically incur costs to maintain compliance with environmental laws and regulations. Environmental exposures are difficult to assess and estimate for numerous reasons, including lack of reliable data, the multiplicity of possible solutions, the years of remedial and monitoring activity required, and the identification of new sites. However, we believe the potential liability for all environmental compliance measures of approximately $2,457 accrued at December 31, 2016 is considered adequate based on information known to date (see Note 20 to Consolidated Financial Statements).

The nature and scope of our business brings us into regular contact with a variety of persons, businesses and government agencies in the ordinary course of business. Consequently, we and certain of our subsidiaries from time to time are named in various legal actions. Generally, we do not anticipate that our financial condition or liquidity will be materially affected by the costs of known, pending or threatened litigation (see Note 19 to Consolidated Financial Statements). However, claims have been asserted, principally against Air and Liquid, alleging personal injury from exposure to asbestos-containing components historically used in some products and there can be no assurance that future claims will not present significantly greater and longer lasting financial exposure than presently contemplated.

20

Table of Contents

OFF-BALANCE SHEET ARRANGEMENTS

Our off-balance sheet arrangements include operating leases, capital expenditures and purchase obligations disclosed in the contractual obligations table and the letters of credit unrelated to the Industrial Revenue Bonds as discussed in Note 10 to the Consolidated Financial Statements. These arrangements are not considered significant to our liquidity, capital resources, market risk or credit risk.

EFFECTS OF INFLATION

While inflationary and market pressures on costs are likely to be experienced, it is anticipated that ongoing improvements in manufacturing efficiencies and cost savings efforts will mitigate the effects of inflation on 2017 operating results. The ability to pass on increases in the price of commodities to the customer is contingent upon current market conditions with us potentially having to absorb some portion to all of the increase. Product pricing for the Forged and Cast Engineered Products segment is reflective of current costs with a majority of orders subject to a variable-index surcharge program which helps to protect the segment and its customers against the volatility in the cost of certain raw materials. Additionally, long-term labor agreements exist at each of the key locations (see Note 10 to Consolidated Financial Statements). Finally, commitments have been executed for natural gas usage and certain commodities (copper and aluminum) to cover a portion of orders in the backlog (see Note 13 to Consolidated Financial Statements).

APPLICATION OF CRITICAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES

We have identified critical accounting policies that are important to the presentation of our financial condition, changes in financial condition and results of operations and involve the most complex or subjective assessments. Critical accounting policies relate to assessing recoverability of property, plant and equipment and accounting for business combinations (including intangibles and goodwill and the recoverability thereof), pension and other postretirement benefits, litigation and loss contingencies, and income taxes.

Property, plant and equipment is reviewed for recoverability whenever events or circumstances indicate the carrying amount of the long-lived assets may not be recoverable. If the undiscounted cash flows generated from the use and eventual disposition of the assets are less than their carrying value, then the asset value may not be fully recoverable potentially resulting in a write-down of the asset value. Estimates of future cash flows are based on expected market conditions over the remaining useful life of the primary asset(s). Accordingly, assumptions are made about pricing, volume and asset-resale values. Actual results may differ from these assumptions. We believe the amounts recorded in the accompanying consolidated financial statements for property, plant and equipment are recoverable and are not impaired as of December 31, 2016.

Business combinations are accounted for under the purchase method of accounting. Accordingly, the amount paid for an acquisition is initially allocated to the tangible assets acquired and liabilities assumed based on their estimated fair values as of the date of acquisition. The purchase price in excess of net tangible assets acquire is then allocated to identifiable intangible assets based on detailed valuations. Any excess purchase price over the fair value of the net tangible and intangible assets acquired and liabilities assumed is allocated to goodwill.

Significant judgments and assumptions are required in determining the estimated fair value of assets acquired and liabilities assumed. We utilize third-party valuation specialists and actuaries to assist in determining the fair value of assets acquired and liabilities assumed based on information and assumptions provided by us. The valuation of purchased intangible assets is based upon estimates of future performance and cash flows of the acquired business. Each asset is measured at fair value from the perspective of a market participant. The valuation of employee benefit obligations is consistent with the critical accounting policy outlined below. Significant business and valuation assumptions used in the purchase price allocation include, but are not limited to, the valuation methodology, projected revenues and expenses and related growth rates, and discount rates. If different assumptions are used, it could materially impact the estimated fair values of assets acquired and liabilities assumed. Additionally, initial estimates of the fair value of assets acquired and liabilities assumed are provisional and could change as additional information is received. We finalize our valuations as soon as practicable, but not later than one year from the date of acquisition. Any subsequent changes to the purchase price allocations could result in a corresponding adjustment to goodwill. We believe the amounts recorded in the accompanying consolidated financial statements for the assets acquired and liabilities assumed are appropriate as of December 31, 2016.

21

Table of Contents

Intangible assets with definite lives are amortized using the straight-line method over their estimated useful life, which is determined by identifying the period over which most of the cash flows are expected to be generated. Additionally, intangible assets, both definite and indefinite lived, are assessed for impairment at least annually, as of October 1, or whenever events or circumstances indicate the carrying amount may not be recoverable. If the undiscounted cash flows attributable to the assets are less than their carrying value, then the asset value may not be fully recoverable potentially resulting in a write-down of the asset value. In assessing recoverability, we make assumptions regarding estimated future cash flows and discount rates. If these estimates or related assumptions change in the future, we may be required to record an impairment charge. Also, if the estimate of an intangible asset’s remaining useful life changes, we will amortize the remaining carrying value of the intangible asset prospectively over the revised remaining useful life. We believe the amounts recorded in the accompanying consolidated financial statements for intangible assets are recoverable and are not impaired as of December 31, 2016.

Goodwill is not amortized but is tested for impairment at the reporting unit level annually, as of October 1, or whenever events or circumstances indicate the carrying amount may not be recoverable. Determination of whether goodwill is impaired requires judgment, including: the identification of the reporting units; determination of the estimated fair value of each reporting unit; the assignment of assets, liabilities and goodwill to each reporting unit; and estimates and assumptions regarding future cash flows and discount rates. Assumptions in estimating future cash flows are subject to a high degree of judgment and complexity. A discounted cash flow model is used to determine the estimated fair value of the reporting units. Estimating fair value requires the use of significant unobservable inputs, representative of a Level 3 fair value measurement, including market growth and market share, sales volumes and prices, costs to produce, discount rate and estimated capital needs. We consider historical experience and available information at the time the fair values of our reporting units are estimated. Additionally, we use a third-party valuation specialist to assist with the impairment analyses. In connection with our testing in the current year, we determined that the goodwill reported in the Forged and Cast Engineered Products reporting unit was fully impaired, primarily due to depressed market conditions, and written off accordingly as of December 31, 2016.

See Note 2 to the Consolidated Financial Statements.

Accounting for pension and other postretirement benefits involves estimating the cost of benefits to be provided well into the future and attributing that cost over the time period each employee works. To accomplish this, input from our actuaries is evaluated and extensive use is made of assumptions about inflation, long-term rate of return on plan assets, longevity, rates of increases in compensation, employee turnover and discount rates. The curtailment of various U.S. defined benefit plans and amendment of various other postretirement benefit plans in 2015 and 2016 will help to mitigate the volatility in net periodic pension and other postretirement benefit costs resulting from changes in these assumptions.

The expected long-term rate of return on plan assets is an estimate of average rates of earnings expected to be earned on funds invested or to be invested to provide for the benefits included in the projected benefit obligation. Since these benefits will be paid over many years, the expected long-term rate of return is reflective of current investment returns and investment returns over a longer period. Also, consideration is given to target and actual asset allocations, inflation and real risk-free return. We believe the expected long-term rate of return ranging between 6.90% and 7.75% for our domestic plans and 5.40% for our UES-UK plan to be reasonable. Actual returns on plan assets for 2016 ranged between 4.71% and 7.96% for our domestic plans and 16.00% for our UES-UK plan. As part of the Åkers acquisition, we assumed the obligations of two foreign plans; however, these plans are not funded and the obligations are not significant.

The discount rates used in determining future pension obligations and other postretirement benefits for each of our plans are based on rates of return for high-quality fixed-income investments currently available and expected to be available during the period to maturity of pension and other postretirement benefits. High-quality fixed-income investments are defined as those investments which have received one of the two highest ratings given by a recognized rating agency with maturities of 10+ years. We believe the assumed discount rates ranging between 4.02% and 4.25% for our domestic plans, 3.90% and 4.13% for our other postretirement benefits plans and 2.50% and 2.65% for our foreign plans as of December 31, 2016 to be reasonable.

We believe that the amounts recorded in the accompanying consolidated financial statements related to pension and other postretirement benefits are based on appropriate assumptions although actual outcomes could differ. A percentage point decrease in the expected long-term rate of return would increase annual pension expense by approximately $2,200. A 1/4 percentage point

22

Table of Contents

decrease in the discount rate would increase projected and accumulated benefit obligations by approximately $11,500. Conversely, an increase in the expected long-term rate of return would decrease annual pension expense and an increase in the discount rate would decrease projected and accumulated benefit obligations.

Litigation and loss contingency accruals are made when it is determined that it is probable that a liability has been incurred and the amount can be reasonably estimated. Specifically, we and certain of our subsidiaries are involved in various claims and lawsuits incidental to their businesses. In addition, claims have been asserted, principally against Air and Liquid, alleging personal injury from exposure to asbestos-containing components historically used in some products manufactured by certain companies which now operate as divisions of Air & Liquid. To assist us in determining whether an estimate could be made of the potential liability for pending and unasserted future claims for Asbestos Liability along with applicable insurance coverage, and the amounts of any estimates, we hire a nationally-recognized asbestos-liability expert and insurance consultant. Based on their analyses, reserves for probable and reasonably estimable costs of Asbestos Liabilities including defense costs and receivables for the insurance recoveries that are deemed probable are established. These amounts rely on assumptions which are based on currently known facts and strategy.

In 2016, we undertook a review of Asbestos Liability claims, defense costs and the likelihood for insurance recoveries. Key variables in these assumptions are summarized in Note 19 to the Consolidated Financial Statements and include the number and type of new claims to be filed each year, the average cost of disposing of each new claim, average annual defense costs, the resolution of coverage issues with insurance carriers, and the solvency risk with respect to the relevant insurance carriers. Other factors that may affect the Asbestos Liability and our ability to recover under our insurance policies include uncertainties surrounding the litigation process from jurisdiction to jurisdiction and from case to case, reforms that may be made by state and federal courts, and the passage of state or federal tort reform legislation. Actual expenses or insurance recoveries could be significantly higher or lower than those recorded if assumptions used in the calculations vary significantly from actual results.

We intend to evaluate the estimated Asbestos Liability and related insurance receivables as well as the underlying assumptions on a regular basis to determine whether any adjustments to the estimates are required. Due to the uncertainties surrounding asbestos litigation and insurance, these regular reviews may result in the incurrence of future charges; however, we are currently unable to estimate such future charges. Adjustments, if any, to our estimate of recorded Asbestos Liability and/or insurance receivables could be material to our operating results for the periods in which the adjustments to the liability or receivable are recorded, and to our liquidity and consolidated financial position when such liabilities are paid.

Accounting for income taxes includes our evaluation of the underlying accounts, permanent and temporary differences, our tax filing positions and interpretations of existing tax law. A valuation allowance is recorded against deferred income tax assets to reduce them to the amount that is “more likely than not” to be realized. In doing so, assumptions are made about the future profitability of our operations and the nature of that profitability. Actual results may differ from these assumptions. If we determined we would not be able to realize all or part of the deferred income tax assets in the future, an adjustment to the valuation allowance would be established resulting in a charge to net income (loss). Likewise, if we determined we would be able to realize deferred income tax assets in excess of the net amount recorded, we would release a portion of the existing valuation allowance resulting in a credit to net income (loss). During 2016, we established valuation allowances of $30,405 to reduce our deferred income tax assets to an amount that is “more likely than not” to be realized. As of December 31, 2016, we have net deferred income tax assets approximating $4,233.

We do not recognize a tax benefit in the financial statements related to a tax position taken or expected to be taken in a tax return unless it is “more likely than not” that the tax authorities will sustain the tax position solely on the basis of the position’s technical merits. Consideration is given primarily to legislation and statutes, legislative intent, regulations, rulings and case law as well as their applicability to the facts and circumstances of the tax position when assessing the sustainability of the tax position. In the event a tax position no longer meets the “more likely than not” criteria, we would reverse the tax benefit by recognizing a liability and recording a charge to earnings. Conversely, if we subsequently determined that a tax position meets the “more likely than not” criteria, we would recognize the tax benefit by reducing the liability and recording a credit to earnings. As of December 31, 2016, based on information known to date, we believe the amount of unrecognized tax benefits of $236 for tax positions taken or expected to be taken in a tax return which may be challenged by the tax authorities is adequate.

See Note 15 to the Consolidated Financial Statements.

23

Table of Contents

RECENTLY IMPLEMENTED ACCOUNTING PRONOUNCEMENTS

In September 2015, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued ASU 2015-16, Simplifying the Accounting for Measurement-Period Adjustments, which simplifies the treatment of adjustments, identified during the measurement period, to provisional amounts recognized in connection with a business combination. The guidance requires the acquirer to record, and disclose, the effect on earnings resulting from changes in depreciation, amortization, or other income effects due to changes to the provisional amounts, calculated as if the accounting had been completed as of the acquisition date. The amended guidance became effective for us on January 1, 2016. See Note 2 to Consolidated Financial Statements.

In April 2015, the FASB issued ASU 2015-03, Simplifying the Presentation of Debt Issuance Costs, which requires entities to present debt issuance costs related to a recognized debt liability as a direct deduction from the carrying amount of that debt liability. However, ASU 2015-03 did not address presentation or subsequent measurement of debt issuance costs related to line-of-credit arrangements. In August 2015, the FASB subsequently issued ASU 2015-15, Presentation and Subsequent Measurement of Debt Issuance Costs Associated with Line-of-Credit Arrangements, which permits an entity to defer and present debt issuance costs as an asset and amortize the deferred debt issuance costs ratably over the term of the line-of-credit arrangement, regardless of whether there are any outstanding borrowings on the line-of-credit arrangement. The amended guidance became effective for us on January 1, 2016. See Note 8 to Consolidated Financial Statements.

RECENTLY ISSUED ACCOUNTING PRONOUNCEMENTS

In August 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-15, Statement of Cash Flows (Topic 230): Classification of Certain Cash Receipts and Cash Payments, which clarifies guidance on the classification of certain cash receipts and payments in the statement of cash flows. The amended guidance will be effective for interim and annual periods beginning after December 15, 2017; however, early adoption is permitted if all provisions are adopted in the same period. We are currently evaluating the impact the guidance will have on the presentation of our cash flow statement. It will not, however, affect our financial position or liquidity.

In May 2016, April 2016, March 2016 and May 2014, the FASB issued ASUs 2016-12, 2016-10, 2016-08 and 2014-09, respectively, Revenue from Contracts with Customers, which provides a common revenue standard for U.S. GAAP and IFRS. The guidance establishes principles for reporting information about the nature, amount, timing and uncertainty of revenue and cash flows arising from a company’s contracts with customers. It requires companies to apply a five-step model when recognizing revenue relating to the transfer of goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration that the company expects to be entitled to receive for those goods and services. It also requires comprehensive disclosures regarding revenue recognition. The guidance becomes effective for us January 1, 2018. While we are currently assessing the impact the guidance will have on our business processes, business and accounting systems and consolidated financial statements and disclosures, we anticipate there will be some changes to revenue recognition for certain of our customer contracts. We expect to complete our analysis, including implementing any necessary changes to existing business processes and systems to accommodate these new standards, during 2017.

In March 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-09, Improvements to Employee Share-Based Payment Accounting, which requires all income tax effects of awards to be recognized in the income statement when the awards vest or are settled. The guidance also requires presentation of excess tax benefits as an operating activity on the statement of cash flows rather than as a financing activity, and can be applied retroactively or prospectively. The amended guidance will be effective for us January 1, 2017. We do not expect the guidance will have a significant impact on our financial position, operating results and liquidity.

In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-02, Leases, which requires lessees to recognize assets and liabilities on the balance sheet for the rights and obligations created by all leases with a term of more than one year. Accounting by lessors will remain similar to existing generally accepted accounting principles. The guidance becomes effective for us January 1, 2019. We are currently evaluating the impact the guidance will have on our financial position, operating results and liquidity.

In July 2015, the FASB issued ASU 2015-11, Simplifying the Measurement of Inventory, which revises the measurement of inventory at the lower of cost or market. Currently, market could be replacement cost, net realizable value, or net realizable value less an approximately normal profit margin. In accordance with ASU 2015-11, an entity will measure inventory at the lower of cost and net realizable value which is defined as the estimated selling price in the ordinary course of business less reasonably predictable costs of completion, disposal and transportation. The amendment does not apply to inventory that is measured using last-in, first out (LIFO). The guidance becomes effective for us January 1, 2017 and will not have a significant impact on our financial position, operating results and liquidity.

24

Table of Contents

ITEM 7A. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK

We view our primary market risk exposures to be changes in foreign currency exchange rates and commodity prices. To manage certain foreign currency exchange exposures, our policy is to hedge a portion of our foreign currency denominated sales and receivables, primarily U.S. sales denominated in euros and U.K. sales denominated in U.S. dollars and euros. Although strengthening of the U.S. dollar could result in a lower volume of exports from the United States and at reduced margins, exports of our foreign operations may increase and gross margins might improve. Additionally, strengthening of the British pound could result in a lower volume of exports from the United Kingdom and at reduced margins; however, exports for our domestic operations may increase and gross margins might improve. A weakening of the euro, as compared to the U.S. dollar and British pound, could result in a lower volume of exports and at reduced margins.

To reduce the effect of price changes for certain of our raw materials and energy, we enter into contracts for particular commodities (copper and aluminum) and purchase a portion of our energy usage in advance. Based on estimated annual purchases, a 10% fluctuation in commodity prices (including electricity, natural gas, steel scrap and ferroalloys) would have impacted 2016 and 2015 by approximately $8,000 (or approximately $11,000 if the Åkers and ASW acquisitions were completed as of the beginning of the year) and $6,500, respectively. There is no guarantee that fluctuations in commodity prices will be limited to 10%. The ability to pass on increases in the price of commodities to the customer is contingent upon current market conditions with us potentially having to absorb a portion to all of such increase. However, a sales price surcharge mechanism is in place with a majority of the customers of our Forged and Cast Engineered Products segment which helps to protect against the volatility in the cost of certain raw materials.

See also Note 13 to the Consolidated Financial Statements.

25

Table of Contents

ITEM 8. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

26

Table of Contents

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS

See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

27

Table of Contents

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS)

See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

28

Table of Contents