AMPCO PITTSBURGH CORP - Quarter Report: 2017 September (Form 10-Q)

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

For the quarterly period ended September 30, 2017

OR

For the transition period from                      to                     

Commission File Number 1-898

AMPCO-PITTSBURGH CORPORATION

726 Bell Avenue, Suite 301

Carnegie, Pennsylvania 15106

(Address of principal executive offices)

(412) 456-4400

(Registrant’s telephone number)

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter periods that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.    Yes  ☒    No  ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files).    Yes  ☒    No  ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act    ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).    Yes    ☐  No    ☒

On November 3, 2017, 12,361,486 common shares were outstanding.

AMPCO-PITTSBURGH CORPORATION

INDEX

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PART I – FINANCIAL INFORMATION

AMPCO-PITTSBURGH CORPORATION

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

(UNAUDITED)

(in thousands, except par value)

See Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

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AMPCO-PITTSBURGH CORPORATION

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS

(UNAUDITED)

(in thousands, except per share amounts)

See Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

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AMPCO-PITTSBURGH CORPORATION

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS)

(UNAUDITED)

(in thousands)

See Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

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AMPCO-PITTSBURGH CORPORATION

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

(UNAUDITED)

(in thousands)

See Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

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AMPCO-PITTSBURGH CORPORATION

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(UNAUDITED)

(in thousands, except claim amounts)

The condensed consolidated balance sheet as of September 30, 2017, and the condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss) for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, and condensed consolidated statements of cash flows for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, have been prepared by Ampco-Pittsburgh Corporation (the “Corporation”) without audit. In the opinion of management, all adjustments, consisting of only normal and recurring adjustments necessary to present fairly the financial position, results of operations and cash flows for the periods presented, have been made. The results of operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017, are not necessarily indicative of the operating results expected for the full year.

Certain information and footnote disclosures normally included in the annual financial statements prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America have been condensed or omitted.

Recently Implemented Accounting Pronouncements

In March 2016, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued ASU 2016-09, Improvements to Employee Share-Based Payment Accounting, which requires all income tax effects of awards to be recognized in the income statement when the awards vest or are settled. The guidance also requires presentation of excess tax benefits as an operating activity on the statement of cash flows rather than as a financing activity. The amended guidance became effective for the Corporation January 1, 2017, and did not have a significant impact on its financial position, operating results or liquidity.

In July 2015, the FASB issued ASU 2015-11, Simplifying the Measurement of Inventory, which revises the measurement of inventory at the lower of cost or market. In accordance with ASU 2015-11, an entity will measure inventory at the lower of cost and net realizable value which is defined as the estimated selling price in the ordinary course of business less reasonably predictable costs of completion, disposal and transportation. The amendment does not apply to inventory that is measured using the last-in, first out (LIFO) method. The guidance became effective for the Corporation January 1, 2017, and did not have a significant impact on its financial position, operating results or liquidity.

Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements

In August 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-12, Derivatives and Hedging, which amends and simplifies existing guidance to allow companies to more accurately present the economic effects of risk management activities in the financial statements. The amended guidance will be effective for interim and annual periods beginning after December 15, 2018; however, early adoption is permitted. The Corporation is currently evaluating the impact the guidance will have on its financial position and operating results. It will not, however, affect the Corporation’s liquidity.

In May 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-09, Scope of Modification Accounting, which provides guidance about which changes to the terms and conditions of a share-based payment award require an entity to apply modification accounting. The amendment will be applied prospectively to an award modified on or after the adoption date. The amended guidance will be effective for interim and annual periods beginning after December 15, 2017. The Corporation is currently evaluating the impact the guidance will have on its financial position, operating results and liquidity.

In March 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-07, Improving the Presentation of Net Periodic Pension Cost and Net Periodic Postretirement Benefit Cost, which requires an employer who offers defined benefit and postretirement benefit plans to report the service cost component of net periodic benefit cost in the same line item or items as other compensation costs arising from services rendered by employees during the period. The other components of net period benefit cost are required to be presented in the income statement separately from the service cost component and outside the subtotal of income from operations. The amendment also allows only for the service cost component of net periodic benefit cost to be eligible for capitalization when applicable. The amended guidance does not change the amount of net periodic benefit cost to be recognized, only where it is to be recognized in the income statement. The amended guidance becomes effective for interim and annual periods beginning after December 15, 2017, and must be applied retrospectively for the presentation of the service cost component and the other components of net periodic pension and other postretirement costs in the income statement and prospectively for capitalization of the service cost component of net periodic benefit cost in inventory. A practical expedient is available permitting employers to use the amounts disclosed in its pension and other postretirement benefit plan footnote (Note 7) as the estimate to apply retrospectively. The guidance will not affect the Corporation’s financial position or liquidity.

In August 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-15, Classification of Certain Cash Receipts and Cash Payments, which clarifies guidance on the classification of certain cash receipts and payments in the statement of cash flows. The amended guidance will

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be effective for interim and annual periods beginning after December 15, 2017. The Corporation is currently evaluating the impact the guidance will have on the presentation of its cash flow statement. It will not, however, affect the Corporation’s financial position, operating results or liquidity.

In May 2016, April 2016, March 2016 and May 2014, the FASB issued ASUs 2016-12, 2016-10, 2016-08 and 2014-09, respectively, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606), which provides a common revenue standard for U.S. GAAP and IFRS. The guidance establishes principles for reporting information about the nature, amount, timing and uncertainty of revenue and cash flows arising from a company’s contracts with customers. It requires companies to apply a five-step model when recognizing revenue relating to the transfer of goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration that the company expects to be entitled to receive for those goods and services. It also requires comprehensive disclosures regarding revenue recognition. The guidance becomes effective for interim and annual periods beginning after December 15, 2017, and can be implemented on either a full or modified retrospective basis. The Corporation currently anticipates it will use the modified retrospective method (a cumulative adjustment to its January 1, 2018 retained earnings). Based on preliminary analysis, the Corporation has identified certain contracts which may require revenue to be recognized over time versus at a point in time. The Corporation will continue its review of contracts and its assessment of the impact the guidance will have on its business processes, business and accounting systems and consolidated financial statements and disclosures. The Corporation currently expects to complete its analysis, including implementing any necessary changes to existing business processes and systems to accommodate these new standards, during 2017.

In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842), which requires lessees to recognize assets and liabilities on the balance sheet for the rights and obligations created by all leases with a term of more than one year. Accounting by lessors will remain similar to existing generally accepted accounting principles. The guidance becomes effective for the Corporation January 1, 2019. The Corporation is currently evaluating the impact the guidance will have on its financial position, operating results and liquidity.

Acquisition of Åkers

On March 3, 2016, the Corporation acquired 100% of the voting equity interest of Åkers AB and certain of its affiliated companies, including Åkers AB’s 60% equity interest in a Chinese joint venture company (collectively, “Åkers”), from Altor Fund II GP Limited. The purchase price approximated $74,155 and was comprised of $29,399 in cash, $22,619 in the form of three-year promissory notes, and 1,776,604 shares of common stock of the Corporation which, based on the closing price of the Corporation’s common stock as of the date of closing, had a fair value of $22,137. The notes bear interest at 6.5%, compounding annually, with principal and interest payable at maturity on March 3, 2019.

Acquisition of ASW

On November 1, 2016, the Corporation acquired 100% of the voting equity interest of ASW Steel Inc. (“ASW”) from CK Pearl Fund, Ltd., CK Pearl Fund L.P. and White Oak Strategic Master Fund, L.P. The purchase price of $13,116 consisted of $3,500 in cash and $9,616 in the assumption of outstanding indebtedness.

Pro Forma Financial Information for the Åkers and ASW Acquisitions:

Operating results of Åkers and ASW are included in the Forged and Cast Engineered Products segment from their respective dates of acquisition. The following financial information presents the combination of the results of operations of Ampco, Åkers and ASW as though the acquisition date for both of the business combinations had occurred as of January 1, 2016. Pro forma adjustments have been made primarily to (1) include the net incremental depreciation and amortization expense associated with recording property, plant and equipment and definite-lived intangible assets at fair value and (2) remove debt-related expenses associated with previous debt facilities not assumed by the Corporation. The following pro forma financial information is

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presented for informational purposes only and is not necessarily indicative of the results of operations that would have been achieved had the acquisition occurred at the beginning of 2016:

Investment in Union Electric Steel MG Roll Co., Ltd (“UES-MG”):

In November 2016, in connection with an equity restructuring of UES-MG, UES transferred 16% of its equity interest in UES-MG to a Chinese rollmaker for $2,400, payable in installments over the next three years. As of September 30, 2017, UES has received payments of $1,000.

At September 30, 2017, and December 31, 2016, approximately 40% and 45%, respectively, of the inventories were valued using the LIFO method with the remaining inventories valued using the FIFO method. Inventories were comprised of the following:

Property, plant and equipment were comprised of the following:

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The majority of the assets of the Corporation, except real property, is pledged as collateral for the Corporation’s Revolving Credit and Security Agreement (Note 8). Land and buildings of Union Electric Steel UK Limited (“UES-UK”), equal to approximately $2,810 (£2,098) at September 30, 2017, are held as collateral by the trustees of the UES-UK defined benefit pension plan (Note 7). The gross value of assets under capital lease and the related accumulated amortization as of September 30, 2017, approximated $4,064 and $1,027, respectively, and at December 31, 2016, approximated $3,610 and $691, respectively.

Intangible assets were comprised of the following:

Movement in foreign currency exchange rates used to translate intangible assets from local currency to the U.S. dollar changed the gross value of intangible assets between the periods. Amortization expense for the three months ended September 30, 2017, and 2016, was $309 and $267, respectively. Amortization for the nine months ended September 30, 2017, and 2016, was $908 and $866, respectively.

Other current liabilities were comprised of the following:

Included in customer-related liabilities are costs expected to be incurred with respect to product warranties. Changes in the liability for product warranty claims consisted of the following:

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Contributions were as follows:

As part of the Åkers acquisition, the Corporation assumed the obligations for two U.S. defined benefit pension plans, two foreign retirement benefit plans and two other postretirement benefit plans. None of the acquired benefit plans were fully funded as of the acquisition date. Effective June 2016, the Corporation froze participation in one of the U.S. defined benefit pension plans and replaced salary benefit accruals with employer non-elective contributions equaling 3% of compensation. The plan change resulted in a curtailment gain of $887 for the nine months ended September 30, 2016.

Net periodic pension and other postretirement costs include the following components:

The Corporation has a five-year Revolving Credit and Security Agreement (the “Agreement”) with a syndicate of banks. The Agreement provides for a $100,000 senior secured asset-based revolving credit facility with an option to increase the credit facility by an additional $50,000 at the request of the Corporation and with the approval of the banks. The Agreement includes sublimits for letters of credit, not to exceed $40,000, European borrowings not to exceed $15,000, and Canadian borrowings not to exceed $15,000.

Availability under the Agreement is based on eligible accounts receivable, inventory and fixed assets. Amounts outstanding under the credit facility bear interest at the Corporation’s option at either (1) LIBOR plus an applicable margin ranging between 1.25% to 1.75% based on the quarterly average excess availability or (2) the Base Rate plus an applicable margin ranging between 0.25% to 0.75% based on the quarterly average excess availability. Additionally, the Corporation is required to pay a commitment fee ranging between 0.25% and 0.375% based on the daily unused portion of the credit facility. As of

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September 30, 2017, the Corporation had utilized a portion of the credit facility for letters of credit (Note 9) and had outstanding borrowings of $20,339 (including £1,000 of European borrowings for its U.K. subsidiary). Interest accrues on the outstanding balance at an average of 2.68%. As of September 30, 2017, the Corporation had remaining availability of approximately $50,000.

The Agreement is collateralized by a first priority perfected security interest in substantially all of the assets of the Corporation and its subsidiaries (other than real property). Additionally, the Agreement contains customary affirmative and negative covenants and certain limitations, including, but not limited to, investments in Excluded Subsidiaries (as defined in the Agreement), payment of dividends, incurrence of additional indebtedness, upstreaming distributions from subsidiaries, and acquisitions and divestures.

The Corporation must also maintain a certain level of excess availability. If excess availability falls below the established threshold, or in an event of default, the Corporation will be required to maintain a minimum fixed charge coverage ratio of not less than 1.00 to 1.00. The Corporation was in compliance with the applicable bank covenants as of September 30, 2017.

In March 2017, the Corporation repaid the debt assumed (term debt and credit facility) in connection with the acquisition of ASW, including interest, fees and early termination costs. Accordingly, outstanding borrowings of the Corporation as of September 30, 2017, and December 31, 2016, consisted of the following:

Outstanding standby and commercial letters of credit as of September 30, 2017, approximated $27,828, the majority of which serves as collateral for the IRB debt and foreign exchange contracts. In addition, in connection with the acquisition of Åkers, the Corporation issued two surety bonds to PRI Pensionsgaranti, guaranteeing certain obligations of Åkers Sweden AB and Åkers AB under a credit insurance arrangement relating to pension commitments. The total amount covered by the surety bonds is approximately $4,000 (SEK 33,900).

See Note 10 for derivative instruments, Note 15 for litigation and Note 16 for environmental matters.

Certain of the Corporation’s operations are subject to risk from exchange rate fluctuations in connection with sales in foreign currencies. To minimize this risk, foreign currency sales contracts are entered into which are designated as cash flow or fair value hedges. As of September 30, 2017, the Corporation covered approximately $21,108 of anticipated foreign-denominated sales with fair value contracts settling at various dates through October 2018. The fair value of assets held as collateral for the fair value contracts as of September 30, 2017, approximated $5,670, including a $5,000 standby letter of credit.

Additionally, certain of the divisions of the Air and Liquid Processing segment are subject to risk from increases in the price of commodities (copper and aluminum) used in the production of inventory. To minimize this risk, futures contracts are entered into which are designated as cash flow hedges. At September 30, 2017, approximately 57%, or $2,720, of anticipated copper purchases over the next 11 months and 56%, or $513, of anticipated aluminum purchases over the next six months were hedged.

The Corporation previously entered into foreign currency purchase contracts to manage the volatility associated with Euro-denominated progress payments to be made for certain machinery and equipment. As of December 31, 2010, all contracts had been settled and the underlying fixed assets were placed in service.

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No portion of the existing cash flow or fair value hedges is considered to be ineffective, including any ineffectiveness arising from the unlikelihood of an anticipated transaction to occur. Additionally, no amounts have been excluded from assessing the effectiveness of a hedge.

The Corporation does not enter into derivative transactions for speculative purposes and, therefore, holds no derivative instruments for trading purposes.

Gains (losses) on foreign exchange transactions included in other income (expense) approximated $87 and $(385) for the three months ended September 30, 2017, and 2016, respectively, and $(616) and $263 for the nine months ended September 30, 2017, and 2016, respectively.

The location and fair value of the foreign currency sales contracts recorded on the condensed consolidated balance sheets were as follows:

The change in the fair value of the cash flow contracts is recorded as a component of accumulated other comprehensive loss. The balances as of September 30, 2017, and 2016, and the amount recognized as and reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss for each of the periods is summarized below. Amounts are after-tax, where applicable. Certain amounts recognized as and reclassified from comprehensive income (loss) for 2017 have no tax effect due to the Corporation recording a valuation allowance against its deferred income tax assets in the related jurisdictions.

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The change in fair value reclassified or expected to be reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss to earnings is summarized below. All amounts are pre-tax.

Net change and ending balances for the various components of accumulated other comprehensive loss as of and for the nine months ended September 30, 2017, and 2016, are summarized below. All amounts are net of tax, where applicable.

The following summarizes the line items affected on the condensed consolidated statements of operations for components reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss. Amounts in parentheses represent credits to net income.

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The income tax (benefit) expense associated with the various components of other comprehensive income for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017, and 2016, is summarized below. During the nine months ended September 30, 2016, the Corporation established valuation allowances against certain of the Corporation’s deferred income tax assets. Accordingly, for 2017, and the nine months ended September 30, 2016, no income tax (benefit) expense has been recognized. The income tax (benefit) expense recognized for the three months ended September 30, 2016, represents a reversal of income tax (benefit) expense recognized through June 30, 2016, prior to establishing the valuation allowances. Foreign currency translation adjustments exclude the effect of income taxes since earnings of non-U.S. subsidiaries are deemed to be reinvested for an indefinite period of time.

In May 2016, the shareholders of the Corporation approved the adoption of the Ampco-Pittsburgh Corporation 2016 Omnibus Incentive Plan (the “Incentive Plan”), which authorizes the issuance of up to 1,100,000 shares of the Corporation’s common stock for awards under the Incentive Plan. Awards under the Incentive Plan may include incentive non-qualified stock options, stock appreciation rights, restricted shares and restricted stock units, performance awards, other stock-based awards or short-term cash incentive awards.

The Incentive Plan also provides for equity-based awards during any one year to non-employee members of the Board of Directors, based on the grant date fair value, not to exceed $200 per non-employee member. The limit does not apply to shares received by a non-employee director at his or her election in lieu of all or a portion of the director’s retainer for board service. In May 2017, 50,000 shares of the Corporation’s common stock were granted to the non-employee directors.

Stock-based compensation expense for the three months ended September 30, 2017, and 2016, equaled $644 and $444, respectively. Stock-based compensation expense for the nine months ended September 30, 2017, and 2016, equaled $1,980 and $1,647, respectively. There was no income tax benefit for any of the periods, due to the Corporation having a valuation allowance recorded against its deferred income tax assets for the jurisdiction where the expense is recognized.

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The Corporation’s financial assets and liabilities that are reported at fair value in the condensed consolidated balance sheets as of September 30, 2017, and December 31, 2016, were as follows:

The investments held as other noncurrent assets represent assets held in a “Rabbi” trust for the purpose of providing benefits under a non-qualified defined benefit pension plan. The fair value of the investments is based on quoted prices of the investments in active markets. The fair value of foreign currency exchange contracts is determined based on the fair value of similar contracts with similar terms and remaining maturities. The fair value of futures contracts is based on market quotations. The fair value of the variable-rate IRB debt approximates its carrying value. Additionally, the fair value of trade receivables and trade payables approximates their carrying value.

Presented below are the net sales and (loss) income before income taxes for the Corporation’s two business segments. Other expense, including corporate costs, for the nine months ended September 30, 2017, includes higher interest expense of $1,181, and foreign exchange losses of $616 in the current year compared to foreign exchange gains of $263 recorded in the prior year.

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The Corporation and its subsidiaries are involved in various claims and lawsuits incidental to their businesses and are also subject to asbestos litigation as described below. In February 2017, the Corporation, its indirect subsidiary Akers National Roll Company, as well as the Akers National Roll Company Health & Welfare Benefits Plan were named as defendants in a class action complaint filed in the United States District Court for the Western District of Pennsylvania, where the plaintiffs (currently retired former employees of Akers National Roll Company and the United Steel, Paper and Forestry, Rubber, Manufacturing, Energy, Allied Industrial, and Service Workers International Union, AFL-CIO) alleged that the defendants breached collective bargaining agreements and violated the benefit plan by modifying medical benefits of the plaintiffs and similarly situated retirees. The defendants moved to dismiss the case, and plaintiffs petitioned the court to compel arbitration. On June 13, 2017, the District Court compelled arbitration and denied the defendants’ motion to dismiss as moot. Defendants appealed this decision to the Third Circuit Court of Appeals on June 21, 2017. Defendants also filed a motion to stay arbitration pending the resolution of the appeal, and that motion was granted on September 5, 2017. The Third Circuit Court of Appeals will next consider whether the District Court erred in compelling arbitration. While no assurance can be given as to the ultimate outcome of this matter, the Corporation believes that the final resolution of this action will not have a material adverse effect on our results of operations, financial position, liquidity or capital resources.

Asbestos Litigation

Claims have been asserted alleging personal injury from exposure to asbestos-containing components historically used in some products of predecessors of Air & Liquid Systems Corporation (“Asbestos Liability”). Those subsidiaries, and in some cases the Corporation, are defendants (among a number of defendants) in cases filed in various state and federal courts.

Asbestos Claims

The following table reflects information about the claims for Asbestos Liability against the subsidiaries and the Corporation for the nine months ended September 30, 2017, and 2016 (claims not in thousands):

A substantial majority of the settlement and defense costs reflected in the above table was reported and paid by insurers. Because claims are often filed and can be settled or dismissed in large groups, the amount and timing of settlements, as well as the number of open claims, can fluctuate significantly from period to period.

Asbestos Insurance

The Corporation and its Air & Liquid Systems Corporation (“Air & Liquid”) subsidiary are parties to a series of settlement agreements (“Settlement Agreements”) with insurers that have coverage obligations for Asbestos Liability (the “Settling Insurers”). Under the Settlement Agreements, the Settling Insurers accept financial responsibility, subject to the terms and conditions of the respective agreements, including overall coverage limits, for pending and future claims for Asbestos Liability. The Settlement Agreements encompass the substantial majority of insurance policies that provide coverage for claims for Asbestos Liability.

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The Settlement Agreements include acknowledgements that Howden North America, Inc. (“Howden”) is entitled to coverage under policies covering Asbestos Liability for claims arising out of the historical products manufactured or distributed by Buffalo Forge, a former subsidiary of the Corporation (the “Products”). The Settlement Agreements do not provide for any prioritization of access to the applicable policies or any sublimits of liability as to Howden or the Corporation and Air & Liquid, and, accordingly, Howden may access the coverage afforded by the Settling Insurers for any covered claim arising out of a Product. In general, access by Howden to the coverage afforded by the Settling Insurers for the Products will erode coverage under the Settlement Agreements available to the Corporation and Air & Liquid for Asbestos Liability.

Asbestos Valuations

In 2006, the Corporation retained Hamilton, Rabinovitz & Associates, Inc. (“HR&A”), a nationally recognized expert in the valuation of asbestos liabilities, to assist the Corporation in estimating the potential liability for pending and unasserted future claims for Asbestos Liability. Based on this analysis, the Corporation recorded a reserve for Asbestos Liability claims pending or projected to be asserted through 2013 as of December 31, 2006. HR&A’s analysis has been periodically updated since that time. Most recently, the HR&A analysis was updated in 2016, and additional reserves were established by the Corporation as of December 31, 2016, for Asbestos Liability claims pending or projected to be asserted through 2026. The methodology used by HR&A in its projection in 2016 of the operating subsidiaries’ liability for pending and unasserted potential future claims for Asbestos Liability, which is substantially the same as the methodology employed by HR&A in prior estimates, relied upon and included the following factors:

Using this information, HR&A estimated in 2016 the number of future claims for Asbestos Liability that would be filed through the year 2026, as well as the settlement or indemnity costs that would be incurred to resolve both pending and future unasserted claims through 2026. This methodology has been accepted by numerous courts.

In conjunction with developing the aggregate liability estimate referenced above, the Corporation also developed an estimate of probable insurance recoveries for its Asbestos Liabilities. In developing the estimate, the Corporation considered HR&A’s projection for settlement or indemnity costs for Asbestos Liability and management’s projection of associated defense costs (based on the current defense to indemnity cost ratio), as well as a number of additional factors. These additional factors included the Settlement Agreements then in effect, policy exclusions, policy limits, policy provisions regarding coverage for defense costs, attachment points, prior impairment of policies and gaps in the coverage, policy exhaustions, insolvencies among certain of the insurance carriers, and the nature of the underlying claims for Asbestos Liability asserted against the subsidiaries and the Corporation as reflected in the Corporation’s asbestos claims database, as well as estimated erosion of insurance limits on account of claims against Howden arising out of the Products. In addition to consulting with the Corporation’s outside legal counsel on these insurance matters, the Corporation consulted with a nationally-recognized insurance consulting firm it retained to assist the Corporation with certain policy allocation matters that also are among the several factors considered by the Corporation when analyzing potential recoveries from relevant historical insurance for Asbestos Liabilities. Based upon all of the factors considered by the Corporation, and taking into account the Corporation’s analysis of publicly available information regarding the credit-worthiness of various insurers, the Corporation estimated the probable insurance recoveries for Asbestos Liability and defense costs through 2026. Although the Corporation believes that the assumptions employed in the insurance valuation were reasonable and previously consulted with its outside legal counsel and insurance consultant regarding those assumptions, there are other assumptions that could have been employed that would have resulted in materially lower insurance recovery projections.

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Based on the analyses described above, the Corporation’s reserve at December 31, 2016, for the total costs, including defense costs, for Asbestos Liability claims pending or projected to be asserted through 2026 was $171,181, of which approximately 70% was attributable to settlement costs for unasserted claims projected to be filed through 2026 and future defense costs. The reserve at September 30, 2017, was $154,663. While it is reasonably possible that the Corporation will incur additional charges for Asbestos Liability and defense costs in excess of the amounts currently reserved, the Corporation believes that there is too much uncertainty to provide for reasonable estimation of the number of future claims, the nature of such claims and the cost to resolve them beyond 2026. Accordingly, no reserve has been recorded for any costs that may be incurred after 2026.

The Corporation’s receivable at December 31, 2016, for insurance recoveries attributable to the claims for which the Corporation’s Asbestos Liability reserve has been established, including the portion of incurred defense costs covered by the Settlement Agreements in effect through December 31, 2016, and the probable payments and reimbursements relating to the estimated indemnity and defense costs for pending and unasserted future Asbestos Liability claims, was $115,945 ($103,891 at September 30, 2017).

The following table summarizes activity relating to insurance recoveries:

The insurance receivable recorded by the Corporation does not assume any recovery from insolvent carriers and a substantial majority of the insurance recoveries deemed probable was from insurance companies rated A – (excellent) or better by A.M. Best Corporation. There can be no assurance, however, that there will not be further insolvencies among the relevant insurance carriers, or that the assumed percentage recoveries for certain carriers will prove correct. The difference between insurance recoveries and projected costs is not due to exhaustion of all insurance coverage for Asbestos Liability. The Corporation and the subsidiaries have substantial additional insurance coverage which the Corporation expects to be available for Asbestos Liability claims and defense costs that the subsidiaries and it may incur after 2026. However, this insurance coverage also can be expected to have gaps creating significant shortfalls of insurance recoveries against claims expense, which could be material in future years.

The amounts recorded by the Corporation for Asbestos Liabilities and insurance receivables rely on assumptions that are based on currently known facts and strategy. The Corporation’s actual expenses or insurance recoveries could be significantly higher or lower than those recorded if assumptions used in the Corporation’s or HR&A’s calculations vary significantly from actual results. Key variables in these assumptions are identified above and include the number and type of new claims to be filed each year, the average cost of disposing of each such new claim, average annual defense costs, compliance by relevant parties with the terms of the Settlement Agreements, the resolution of remaining coverage issues with insurance carriers, and the solvency risk with respect to the relevant insurance carriers. Other factors that may affect the Corporation’s Asbestos Liability and ability to recover under its insurance policies include uncertainties surrounding the litigation process from jurisdiction to jurisdiction and from case to case, reforms that may be made by state and federal courts, and the passage of state or federal tort reform legislation.

The Corporation intends to evaluate its estimated Asbestos Liability and related insurance receivables, as well as the underlying assumptions, on a regular basis to determine whether any adjustments to the estimates are required. Due to the uncertainties surrounding asbestos litigation and insurance, these regular reviews may result in the Corporation incurring future charges; however, the Corporation is currently unable to estimate such future charges. Adjustments, if any, to the Corporation’s estimate of its recorded Asbestos Liability and/or insurance receivables could be material to operating results for the periods in which the adjustments to the liability or receivable are recorded, and to the Corporation’s liquidity and consolidated financial position.

The Corporation is currently performing certain remedial actions in connection with the sale of real estate previously owned and periodically incurs costs to maintain compliance with environmental laws and regulations. Environmental exposures are difficult to assess and estimate for numerous reasons, including lack of reliable data, the multiplicity of possible solutions, the years of remedial and monitoring activity required, and identification of new sites. In the opinion of management, the potential liability for all environmental compliance measures of approximately $952 at September 30, 2017, is considered adequate based on information known to date.

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ITEM 2 – MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF

FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

(in thousands, except share and per share amounts)

Executive Overview

Ampco-Pittsburgh Corporation and its subsidiaries (the “Corporation”) manufacture and sell highly engineered, high performance specialty metal products and customized equipment utilized by industry throughout the world. We operate in two business segments –the Forged and Cast Engineered Products segment and the Air and Liquid Processing segment.

The Forged and Cast Engineered Products segment historically consisted of Union Electric Steel Corporation (“Union Electric Steel” or “UES”) and Union Electric Steel UK Limited (“UES-UK”). In March 2016, UES acquired the stock of Åkers AB and certain of its affiliated companies, including Åkers AB’s 60% equity interest in a Chinese joint venture company (collectively, “Åkers”). The segment produces ingot and forged products and cast products that service a wide variety of industries globally. They specialize in the production of forged hardened steel rolls used mainly for cold rolling by producers of steel, aluminum and other metals and cast rolls for hot and cold strip mills, medium/heavy section mills and plate mills in a variety of iron and steel qualities.

The segment also produces ingot and open-die forged products (“other forged engineered products”) which are used in the oil and gas industry and the aluminum and plastic extrusion industries. In November 2016, UES acquired the stock of ASW Steel Inc. (“ASW”). ASW is a specialty steel producer based in Canada and supports our diversification efforts in the open-die forging market.

The segment has operations in the United States, England, Sweden, Slovenia, Canada and an equity interest in three joint venture companies in China. Collectively, the segment primarily competes with European, Asian and North and South American companies in both domestic and foreign markets and sells a significant portion of its products through sales offices located throughout the world. The consolidated financial statements of the Corporation include the results of operations of the acquired companies from their respective dates of acquisition.

The Forged and Cast Engineered Products segment has been operating at levels below capacity and, in April 2017, we temporarily idled a portion of one of our cast roll plants. While it is anticipated that market conditions in the United States, Europe and other world regions will remain difficult, protectionist acts (tariffs) appear to be benefitting our two largest markets – North America and Europe. Improvement in demand, which began in the latter part of 2016, has continued and backlog has improved by roughly 45% from year end. Many of our customers also have announced better financial results which should lead to ongoing improvement in demand and pricing for us in the future. Additionally, the oil and gas market activity has remained strong, resulting in improved order intake for our other forged engineered products.

The Air and Liquid Processing segment includes Aerofin, Buffalo Air Handling and Buffalo Pumps, all divisions of Air & Liquid Systems Corporation (“Air and Liquid”), a wholly owned subsidiary of the Corporation. Aerofin produces custom-engineered finned tube heat exchange coils and related heat transfer products for a variety of industries including OEM/Commercial, fossil fuel power generation, nuclear power generation and industrial manufacturing. Buffalo Air Handling produces large custom-designed air handling systems for institutional (e.g., hospital, university), pharmaceutical and general industrial building markets. Buffalo Pumps manufactures centrifugal pumps for the fossil fuel power generation, marine defense and industrial refrigeration industries. The segment has operations in Virginia and New York with headquarters in Carnegie, Pennsylvania. The segment distributes a significant portion of its products through a common independent group of sales offices located throughout the United States and Canada.

For the Air and Liquid Processing segment, business activity in the specialty centrifugal pump industry remains steady. For the heat exchanger business, the fossil-fueled power generation market has stabilized and there are preliminary signs of growth in the other markets served, including OEM and nuclear. Additionally, demand for custom air handling systems continues to improve although competitive pricing pressures remain. The focus for this segment is to grow revenues, increase margins, strengthen engineering and manufacturing capabilities, and continue to improve the sales distribution network.

Consolidated Results of Operations for the Three and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2017 and 2016

Net sales were $103,886 and $82,861 and $317,952 and $239,740 for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017, and 2016, respectively. Backlog approximated $331,639 at September 30, 2017, versus $233,590 as of December 31, 2016, and $260,445 at September 30, 2016. A discussion of sales and backlog for the Corporation’s two segments is included below.

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Costs of products sold, excluding depreciation and amortization, as a percentage of net sales for the three months ended September 30, 2017, and 2016, approximated 84.0% and 81.2%, respectively, and for the nine months ended approximated 83.0% and 81.7%, respectively. The increase is principally due to the inclusion of ASW which, as an intermediate product manufacturer, has a higher relative cost of production than our higher value-added roll and other forged engineered products. While the Forged and Cast Engineered Products segment experienced higher operating and raw material costs and lower absorption from a temporary foundry idling for the current year periods, adverse effects of purchase accounting associated with the acquisition of Åkers impacted the prior year period.

Selling and administrative expense was comparable between each of the periods. The full year effect of Åkers and the inclusion of ASW in the current year periods were offset by charges incurred in the prior year periods for restructurings associated with reductions in force (approximately $1,300 for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2016) and transaction and other costs resulting from the Åkers and ASW acquisitions (approximately $100 and $2,100 for the three and nine month ended September 30, 2016, respectively). The expected benefit from the prior year restructurings was offset by higher research and development expenses, commissions as a result of the higher sales, and corporate-related expenses particularly for employee-related costs and professional fees.

Depreciation and amortization expense increased for the nine months ended September 30, 2017, versus September 30, 2016, due to the inclusion of ASW and Åkers.

Loss from operations approximated $(3,213) and $(4,941) for the three months ended September 30, 2017, and 2016, and $(7,595) and $(14,760) for the nine months ended September 30, 2017, and 2016, respectively. A discussion of operating results for the Corporation’s two segments is included below.

Forged and Cast Engineered Products. Sales for the Forged and Cast Engineered Products segment for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017, increased $18,750 and $75,662, respectively, compared to the same periods of the prior year. Sales from the November 2016 acquisition of ASW accounted for almost half of the increase. The segment also experienced significant improvement in sales of its other forged engineered products due to the uptick in the oil and gas industry, followed by higher sales of forged mill rolls, particularly to domestic and European customers. Sales for cast mill rolls for the quarter fell short of the comparative prior year quarter, mostly due to the idling of a cast facility, but are outpacing 2016 on a year-to-date basis.

While the segment continued to record an operating loss for both the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017, operating results improved from the comparable prior year periods which included unfavorable effects of purchase accounting associated with the acquisition of the Åkers Group. While benefiting from a higher volume of sales and recovery of a portion of an accounts receivable associated with a customer bankruptcy ($1,300), year-to-date operating results are being impacted by lower absorption due to the temporary idling of a cast roll foundry and higher operating and raw material costs.

Backlog approximated $284,285 at September 30, 2017, against $196,512 as of December 31, 2016. While all product lines benefited from an improvement in order intake, the majority of the increase is for our other forged engineered products followed by cast mill rolls. Approximately $178,881 of the current backlog is expected to ship after 2017.

Air and Liquid Processing. Net sales and operating income for the segment for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017, improved against the same periods of the prior year due to a higher volume of shipments. Specifically, sales of custom air handlers increased for the quarter primarily as a result of timing and, for the first nine months of 2017, as a result of improved order intake. Although current quarter sales of centrifugal pumps fell short of the prior year quarter, year-to-date sales exceeded sales for the same period of the prior year on a higher level of shipments to U.S. Navy shipbuilders. A stronger quarter of shipments to the OEM and nuclear markets enabled year-to-date sales of heat exchange coils to slightly surpass sales for the nine months ended September 30, 2016. Backlog approximated $47,354 at September 30, 2017, against $37,078 as of December 31, 2016, with each of the product lines benefiting from higher order intake. Approximately $24,253 of the current backlog is expected to ship after 2017.

Investment-related income for the nine months ended September 30, 2016, included a dividend of approximately $400 from the Corporation’s U.K./Chinese cast roll joint venture company. No dividends were received in 2017.

Interest expense for the current year periods exceeded the same periods of the prior year. With the Corporation closing on its Revolving Credit and Security Agreement (“Agreement”) in May 2016, interest expense for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017, includes a full year effect of interest-related costs associated with the Agreement. Additionally, interest expense for the nine months ended September 30, 2017, includes (1) interest, fees and early termination costs of $367 associated with extinguishing ASW’s outstanding credit facility and term loan in the first quarter of 2017 and (2) the full year effect of interest on the promissory notes issued in connection with the purchase of Åkers and the loan payable to the noncontrolling shareholder of the Åkers Chinese joint venture.

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Other income (expense) fluctuated primarily as a result of changes in foreign exchange gains and losses.

Income tax benefit (provision) for the current year periods includes a benefit for the release of valuation allowances during the quarter for additional net operating losses able to be carried back to earlier years. By comparison, the income tax benefit (provision) for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2016, includes valuation allowances of $26,903 and $28,322, against the majority of the Corporation’s deferred income tax assets. An income tax provision has been recognized in each of the periods for subsidiaries not in or not likely to be in a three-year cumulative loss position. Additionally, the income tax provision for the nine months ended September 30, 2017, has been offset by approximately $541 of state income tax refunds.

Net loss and loss per common share for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017, equaled $(2,202) or $(0.18) per common share and $(8,898) or $(0.72) per common share, respectively. Net loss and loss per share for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2016, equaled $(27,382) or $(2.23) per common share and $(36,758) or $(3.10) per common share, respectively. The previously mentioned valuation allowances established against certain of the deferred income tax assets of $26,903 and $28,322 increased the net loss per common share by $2.19 and $2.39, respectively.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

Net cash flows used in operating activities increased slightly for the nine months ended September 30, 2017, when compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2016. The increase is attributable to additional investment in trade working capital as a result of a higher amount of accounts receivables due to improved sales, and additional inventories due to an anticipated increase in production levels for the Forged and Cast Engineered Products segment. The impact of the additional investment in trade working capital in 2017 is offset by the cash needs of Åkers immediately after acquisition.

Net cash flows used in investing activities decreased for the nine months ended September 30, 2017, when compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2016. Investing activities for 2016 include the net cash portion for the acquisition of Åkers. Capital expenditures for the nine months ended September 30, 2017, were greater than the nine months ended September 30, 2016, and related primarily to higher spend for the Forged and Cast Engineered Products segment. As of September 30, 2017, commitments for future capital expenditures approximated $5,000 which is expected to be spent over the next 12-18 months.

Net cash flows provided by financing activities improved in 2017, when compared to 2016. During the current year, the Corporation borrowed $20,339, net, under its Agreement which exceeded the cash requirements to pay off the net borrowings (term debt and credit facility) assumed as part of the ASW acquisition. Through the nine months ended September 30, 2016, approximately $1,091 of debt issuance costs associated with the Agreement were incurred. In June 2017, the Corporation announced that it would suspend quarterly cash dividends, beginning with the second quarter of 2017. Accordingly, dividends paid for the nine months ended September 30, 2017, equaled $0.18 per common share versus $0.36 per common share for the nine months ended September 30, 2016.

As a result of the above, cash and cash equivalents decreased $13,212 in 2017 and ended the period at $25,367 (of which approximately $12,838 is held by foreign operations) in comparison to $38,579 at December 31, 2016 (of which approximately $12,539 was held by foreign operations). The Corporation has made a provision for the estimated amount of income taxes to be paid for foreign funds deemed to be repatriated to the U.S. The remaining funds are deemed to be permanently reinvested and no additional provision for income tax has been made. Repatriation of any remaining funds may result in the Corporation accruing and paying additional income tax.

Funds on hand, funds generated from future operations and availability under our Agreement (approximately $50,000 at September 30, 2017) are expected to be sufficient to finance our operational and capital expenditure requirements. While the Agreement limits the amount of distributions from the Corporation’s subsidiaries, we have not historically relied on or been dependent on such distributions and are not expected to be in the future.

Litigation and Environmental Matters

See Notes 15 and 16 to the condensed consolidated financial statements.

Critical Accounting Pronouncements

The Corporation’s critical accounting policies, as summarized in its Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2016, remain unchanged.

Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements

See Note 1 to the condensed consolidated financial statements.

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