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Apollo Asset Management, Inc. - Quarter Report: 2018 June (Form 10-Q)

Table of Contents

UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549
  
 
Form 10-Q  
 
(Mark One)
x
QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
FOR THE QUARTERLY PERIOD ENDED JUNE 30, 2018 OR
¨
TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
FOR THE TRANSITION PERIOD FROM                      TO                     
Commission File Number: 001-35107
 
APOLLO GLOBAL MANAGEMENT, LLC
(Exact name of Registrant as specified in its charter) 
 
Delaware
 
20-8880053
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)
 
(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)
9 West 57th Street, 43rd Floor
New York, New York 10019
(Address of principal executive offices) (Zip Code)
(212) 515-3200
(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)
 
 

Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the Registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.    Yes x   No ¨
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files).    Yes x   No ¨
Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer or a smaller reporting company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer”, “accelerated filer” and “smaller reporting company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
Large accelerated filer
 
x
 
Accelerated filer
 
¨
Non-accelerated filer
 
o  (Do not check if a smaller reporting company)
 
Smaller reporting company
 
¨
 
 
 
 
Emerging growth company
 
¨
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act.
 
 
 
¨
Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).    Yes ¨   No x
As of August 3, 2018 there were 201,570,641 Class A shares and 1 Class B share outstanding.

Table of Contents


 
TABLE OF CONTENTS
 
 
 
Page
PART I
 
 
 
 
ITEM 1.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
ITEM 1A.
 
 
 
ITEM 2.
 
 
 
ITEM 3.
 
 
 
ITEM 4.
 
 
 
PART II
 
 
 
 
ITEM 1.
 
 
 
ITEM 1A.
 
 
 
ITEM 2.
 
 
 
ITEM 3.
 
 
 
ITEM 4.
 
 
 
ITEM 5.
 
 
 
ITEM 6.
 
 
 


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Forward-Looking Statements
This quarterly report may contain forward-looking statements that are within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”), and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”). These statements include, but are not limited to, discussions related to Apollo’s expectations regarding the performance of its business, liquidity and capital resources and the other non-historical statements in the discussion and analysis. These forward-looking statements are based on management’s beliefs, as well as assumptions made by, and information currently available to, management. When used in this quarterly report, the words “believe,” “anticipate,” “estimate,” “expect,” “intend” and similar expressions are intended to identify forward-looking statements. Although management believes that the expectations reflected in these forward-looking statements are reasonable, it can give no assurance that these expectations will prove to have been correct. These statements are subject to certain risks, uncertainties and assumptions, including risks relating to our dependence on certain key personnel, our ability to raise new credit, private equity, or real assets funds, market conditions generally, our ability to manage our growth, fund performance, changes in our regulatory environment and tax status, the variability of our revenues, net income and cash flow, our use of leverage to finance our businesses and investments by our funds and litigation risks, among others. We believe these factors include but are not limited to those described under the section entitled “Risk Factors” in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the United States Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) on February 12, 2018 (the “2017 Annual Report”); as such factors may be updated from time to time in our periodic filings with the SEC, which are accessible on the SEC’s website at www.sec.gov. These factors should not be construed as exhaustive and should be read in conjunction with the other cautionary statements that are included in this report and in our other filings. We undertake no obligation to publicly update or review any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future developments or otherwise, except as required by applicable law.
Terms Used in This Report
In this quarterly report, references to “Apollo,” “we,” “us,” “our” and the “Company” refer collectively to Apollo Global Management, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company, and its subsidiaries, including the Apollo Operating Group and all of its subsidiaries, or as the context may otherwise require;
“AMH” refers to Apollo Management Holdings, L.P., a Delaware limited partnership, that is an indirect subsidiary of Apollo Global Management, LLC;
“Apollo funds”, “our funds” and references to the “funds” we manage, refer to the funds (including the parallel funds and alternative investment vehicles of such funds), partnerships, accounts, including strategic investment accounts or “SIAs,” alternative asset companies and other entities for which subsidiaries of the Apollo Operating Group provide investment management or advisory services;
“Apollo Operating Group” refers to (i) the limited partnerships through which our Managing Partners currently operate our businesses and (ii) one or more limited partnerships formed for the purpose of, among other activities, holding certain of our gains or losses on our principal investments in the funds, which we refer to as our “principal investments”
“Assets Under Management”, or “AUM”, refers to the assets of the funds, partnerships and accounts to which we provide investment management, advisory, or certain other investment-related services, including, without limitation, capital that such funds, partnerships and accounts have the right to call from investors pursuant to capital commitments. Our AUM equals the sum of:
(i)
the fair value of the investments of the private equity funds, partnerships and accounts we manage or advise plus the capital that such funds, partnerships and accounts are entitled to call from investors pursuant to capital commitments;
(ii)
the net asset value, or “NAV,” of the credit funds, partnerships and accounts for which we provide investment management or advisory services, other than certain collateralized loan obligations (“CLOs”) and collateralized debt obligations (“CDOs”), which have a fee-generating basis other than the mark-to-market value of the underlying assets, plus used or available leverage and/or capital commitments;
(iii)
the gross asset value or net asset value of the real assets funds, partnerships and accounts we manage, and the structured portfolio company investments of the funds, partnerships and accounts we manage or advise, which includes the leverage used by such structured portfolio company investments;
(iv)
the incremental value associated with the reinsurance investments of the portfolio company assets we manage or advise; and

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(v)
the fair value of any other assets that we manage or advise for the funds, partnerships and accounts to which we provide investment management, advisory, or certain other investment-related services, plus unused credit facilities, including capital commitments to such funds, partnerships and accounts for investments that may require pre-qualification or other conditions before investment plus any other capital commitments to such funds, partnerships and accounts available for investment that are not otherwise included in the clauses above.
Our AUM measure includes Assets Under Management for which we charge either nominal or zero fees. Our AUM measure also includes assets for which we do not have investment discretion, including certain assets for which we earn only investment-related service fees, rather than management or advisory fees. Our definition of AUM is not based on any definition of Assets Under Management contained in our operating agreement or in any of our Apollo fund management agreements. We consider multiple factors for determining what should be included in our definition of AUM. Such factors include but are not limited to (1) our ability to influence the investment decisions for existing and available assets; (2) our ability to generate income from the underlying assets in our funds; and (3) the AUM measures that we use internally or believe are used by other investment managers. Given the differences in the investment strategies and structures among other alternative investment managers, our calculation of AUM may differ from the calculations employed by other investment managers and, as a result, this measure may not be directly comparable to similar measures presented by other investment managers. Our calculation also differs from the manner in which our affiliates registered with the SEC report “Regulatory Assets Under Management” on Form ADV and Form PF in various ways;
“Fee-Generating AUM” consists of assets of the funds, partnerships and accounts to which we provide investment management, advisory, or certain other investment-related services and on which we earn management fees, monitoring fees or other investment-related fees pursuant to management or other fee agreements on a basis that varies among the Apollo funds, partnerships and accounts. Management fees are normally based on “net asset value,” “gross assets,” “adjusted par asset value,” “adjusted cost of all unrealized portfolio investments,” “capital commitments,” “adjusted assets,” “stockholders’ equity,” “invested capital” or “capital contributions,” each as defined in the applicable management agreement. Monitoring fees, also referred to as advisory fees, with respect to the structured portfolio company investments of the funds, partnerships and accounts we manage or advise, are generally based on the total value of such structured portfolio company investments, which normally includes leverage, less any portion of such total value that is already considered in Fee-Generating AUM;
“Non-Fee-Generating AUM” refers to AUM that does not produce management fees or monitoring fees. This measure generally includes the following:
(i)
fair value above invested capital for those funds that earn management fees based on invested capital;
(ii)
net asset values related to general partner and co-investment interests;
(iii)
unused credit facilities;
(iv)
available commitments on those funds that generate management fees on invested capital;
(v)
structured portfolio company investments that do not generate monitoring fees; and
(vi)
the difference between gross asset and net asset value for those funds that earn management fees based on net asset value.
“Performance Fee-Eligible AUM” refers to the AUM that may eventually produce performance fees. All funds for which we are entitled to receive a performance fee allocation or incentive fee are included in Performance Fee-Eligible AUM, which consists of the following:
(i)
“Performance Fee-Generating AUM”, which refers to invested capital of the funds, partnerships and accounts we manage, advise, or to which we provide certain other investment-related services, that is currently above its hurdle rate or preferred return, and profit of such funds, partnerships and accounts is being allocated to, or earned by, the general partner in accordance with the applicable limited partnership agreements or other governing agreements;
(ii)
“AUM Not Currently Generating Performance Fees”, which refers to invested capital of the funds, partnerships and accounts we manage, advise, or to which we provide certain other investment-related services, that is currently below its hurdle rate or preferred return; and

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(iii)
“Uninvested Performance Fee-Eligible AUM”, which refers to capital of the funds, partnerships and accounts we manage, advise, or to which we provide certain other investment-related services, that is available for investment or reinvestment subject to the provisions of applicable limited partnership agreements or other governing agreements, which capital is not currently part of the NAV or fair value of investments that may eventually produce performance fees allocable to, or earned by, the general partner.
“AUM with Future Management Fee Potential” refers to the committed uninvested capital portion of total AUM not
currently earning management fees. The amount depends on the specific terms and conditions of each fund;
We use AUM as a performance measure of our funds’ investment activities, as well as to monitor fund size in relation to professional resource and infrastructure needs. Non-Fee-Generating AUM includes assets on which we could earn performance fees;
“Advisory” refers to certain assets advised by Apollo Asset Management Europe PC LLP, a wholly-owned subsidiary of Apollo Asset Management Europe LLP (collectively, “AAME”). The AAME entities are subsidiaries of Apollo;
“capital deployed” or “deployment” is the aggregate amount of capital that has been invested during a given period (which may, in certain cases, include leverage) by (i) our drawdown funds, (ii) SIAs that have a defined maturity date and (iii) funds and SIAs in our real estate debt strategy;
“Contributing Partners” refer to those of our partners and their related parties (other than our Managing Partners) who indirectly beneficially own (through Holdings) Apollo Operating Group units;
“drawdown” refers to commitment-based funds and certain SIAs in which investors make a commitment to provide capital at the formation of such funds and SIAs and deliver capital when called as investment opportunities become available. It includes assets of Athene Holding Ltd. (“Athene Holding”) and its subsidiaries (collectively “Athene”) managed by Athene Asset Management LLC (“Athene Asset Management” or “AAM”) that are invested in commitment-based funds;
“gross IRR” of a credit fund represents the annualized return of a fund based on the actual timing of all cumulative fund cash flows before management fees, performance fees allocated to the general partner and certain other expenses. Calculations may include certain investors that do not pay fees. The terminal value is the net asset value as of the reporting date. Non-U.S. dollar denominated (“USD”) fund cash flows and residual values are converted to USD using the spot rate as of the reporting date. In addition, gross IRRs at the fund level will differ from those at the individual investor level as a result of, among other factors, timing of investor-level inflows and outflows. Gross IRR does not represent the return to any fund investor;
“gross IRR” of a private equity fund represents the cumulative investment-related cash flows (i) for a given investment for the fund or funds which made such investment, and (ii) for a given fund, in the relevant fund itself (and not any one investor in the fund), in each case, on the basis of the actual timing of investment inflows and outflows (for unrealized investments assuming disposition on June 30, 2018 or other date specified) aggregated on a gross basis quarterly, and the return is annualized and compounded before management fees, performance fees and certain other expenses (including interest incurred by the fund itself) and measures the returns on the fund’s investments as a whole without regard to whether all of the returns would, if distributed, be payable to the fund’s investors. In addition, gross IRRs at the fund level will differ from those at the individual investor level as a result of, among other factors, timing of investor-level inflows and outflows. Gross IRR does not represent the return to any fund investor;
“gross IRR” of a real assets fund represents the cumulative investment-related cash flows in the fund itself (and not any one investor in the fund), on the basis of the actual timing of cash inflows and outflows (for unrealized investments assuming disposition on June 30, 2018 or other date specified) starting on the date that each investment closes, and the return is annualized and compounded before management fees, performance fees, and certain other expenses (including interest incurred by the fund itself) and measures the returns on the fund’s investments as a whole without regard to whether all of the returns would, if distributed, be payable to the fund’s investors. Non-USD fund cash flows and residual values are converted to USD using the spot rate as of the reporting date. In addition, gross IRRs at the fund level will differ from those at the individual investor level as a result of, among other factors, timing of investor-level inflows and outflows. Gross IRR does not represent the return to any fund investor;
“gross return” of a credit or real assets fund is the monthly or quarterly time-weighted return that is equal to the percentage change in the value of a fund’s portfolio, adjusted for all contributions and withdrawals (cash flows) before the effects of management fees, incentive fees allocated to the general partner, or other fees and expenses. Returns of Athene sub-advised portfolios and CLOs represent the gross returns on invested assets, which exclude cash. Returns over multiple periods are calculated by geometrically linking each period’s return over time;

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“Holdings” means AP Professional Holdings, L.P., a Cayman Islands exempted limited partnership through which our Managing Partners and Contributing Partners indirectly beneficially own their interests in the Apollo Operating Group units;
“inflows” represents (i) at the individual segment level, subscriptions, commitments, and other increases in available capital, such as acquisitions or leverage, net of inter-segment transfers, and (ii) on an aggregate basis, the sum of inflows across the credit, private equity and real assets segments;
“liquid/performing” includes CLOs and other performing credit vehicles, hedge fund style credit funds, structured credit funds and SIAs, as well as sub-advised managed accounts owned by or related to Athene. Certain commitment-based SIAs are included as the underlying assets are liquid;
“Managing Partners” refer to Messrs. Leon Black, Joshua Harris and Marc Rowan collectively and, when used in reference to holdings of interests in Apollo or Holdings, includes certain related parties of such individuals;
“net IRR” of a credit fund represents the annualized return of a fund after management fees, performance fees allocated to the general partner and certain other expenses, calculated on investors that pay such fees. The terminal value is the net asset value as of the reporting date. Non-USD fund cash flows and residual values are converted to USD using the spot rate as of the reporting date. In addition, net IRR at the fund level will differ from that at the individual investor level as a result of, among other factors, timing of investor-level inflows and outflows. Net IRR does not represent the return to any fund investor;
“net IRR” of a private equity fund means the gross IRR applicable to a fund, including returns for related parties which may not pay fees or performance fees, net of management fees, certain expenses (including interest incurred or earned by the fund itself) and realized performance fees all offset to the extent of interest income, and measures returns at the fund level on amounts that, if distributed, would be paid to investors of the fund. The timing of cash flows applicable to investments, management fees and certain expenses, may be adjusted for the usage of a fund’s subscription facility. To the extent that a fund exceeds all requirements detailed within the applicable fund agreement, the estimated unrealized value is adjusted such that a percentage of up to 20.0% of the unrealized gain is allocated to the general partner of such fund, thereby reducing the balance attributable to fund investors. In addition, net IRR at the fund level will differ from that at the individual investor level as a result of, among other factors, timing of investor-level inflows and outflows. Net IRR does not represent the return to any fund investor;
“net IRR” of a real assets fund represents the cumulative cash flows in the fund (and not any one investor in the fund), on the basis of the actual timing of cash inflows received from and outflows paid to investors of the fund (assuming the ending net asset value as of June 30, 2018 or other date specified is paid to investors), excluding certain non-fee and non-performance fee bearing parties, and the return is annualized and compounded after management fees, performance fees, and certain other expenses (including interest incurred by the fund itself) and measures the returns to investors of the fund as a whole.  Non-USD fund cash flows and residual values are converted to USD using the spot rate as of the reporting date. In addition, net IRR at the fund level will differ from that at the individual investor level as a result of, among other factors, timing of investor-level inflows and outflows. Net IRR does not represent the return to any fund investor;
“net return” of a credit or real assets fund represents the gross return after management fees, incentive fees allocated to the general partner, or other fees and expenses. Returns of Athene sub-advised portfolios and CLOs represent the gross or net returns on invested assets, which exclude cash. Returns over multiple periods are calculated by geometrically linking each period’s return over time;
“our manager” means AGM Management, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company that is controlled by our Managing Partners;
“performance allocations”, “performance fees”, “performance revenues” and “incentive fees” refer to interests granted to Apollo by an Apollo fund that entitle Apollo to receive allocations, distributions or fees which are based on the performance of such fund or its underlying investments;
“permanent capital vehicles” refers to (a) assets that are owned by or related to Athene or Athora Holding Ltd. (“Athora Holding” and together with its subsidiaries, “Athora”), (b) assets that are owned by or related to MidCap FinCo Designated Activity Company (“MidCap”) and managed by Apollo, (c) assets of publicly traded vehicles managed by Apollo such as Apollo Investment Corporation (“AINV”), Apollo Commercial Real Estate Finance, Inc. (“ARI”), Apollo Tactical Income Fund Inc. (“AIF”), and Apollo Senior Floating Rate Fund Inc. (“AFT”), in each case that do not have redemption provisions or a requirement to return capital to investors upon exiting the investments made with such capital, except as required by applicable law and (d) a non-traded business development company from which Apollo earns certain investment-related service fees. The investment management agreements of AINV, AIF and AFT have one year terms, are reviewed annually and remain in effect only if approved by the boards of directors of such companies or by the affirmative vote of the holders of a majority of the outstanding voting shares of such companies, including in either case, approval by a majority of the directors who are not “interested persons” as defined in the Investment Company Act of 1940. In addition, the investment management agreements of AINV, AIF and AFT may be terminated

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in certain circumstances upon 60 days’ written notice. The investment management agreement of ARI has a one year term and is reviewed annually by ARI’s board of directors and may be terminated under certain circumstances by an affirmative vote of at least two-thirds of ARI’s independent directors. The investment management or advisory arrangements between MidCap and Apollo, as well as between Athene and Apollo, may also be terminated under certain circumstances. The agreement pursuant to which Apollo earns certain investment-related service fees from a non-traded business development company may be terminated under certain limited circumstances;
“private equity fund appreciation (depreciation)” refers to gain (loss) and income for the traditional private equity funds (as defined below), Apollo Natural Resources Partners, L.P. (“ANRP I”), Apollo Natural Resources Partners II, L.P. (“ANRP II”), Apollo Special Situations Fund, L.P. and AION Capital Partners Limited (“AION”) for the periods presented on a total return basis before giving effect to fees and expenses. The performance percentage is determined by dividing (a) the change in the fair value of investments over the period presented, minus the change in invested capital over the period presented, plus the realized value for the period presented, by (b) the beginning unrealized value for the period presented plus the change in invested capital for the period presented. Returns over multiple periods are calculated by geometrically linking each period’s return over time;
“private equity investments” refer to (i) direct or indirect investments in existing and future private equity funds managed or sponsored by Apollo, (ii) direct or indirect co-investments with existing and future private equity funds managed or sponsored by Apollo, (iii) direct or indirect investments in securities which are not immediately capable of resale in a public market that Apollo identifies but does not pursue through its private equity funds, and (iv) investments of the type described in (i) through (iii) above made by Apollo funds;
“Realized Value” refers to all cash investment proceeds received by the relevant Apollo fund, including interest and dividends, but does not give effect to management fees, expenses, incentive compensation or performance fees to be paid by such Apollo fund;
“Remaining Cost” represents the initial investment of the fund in a portfolio investment, reduced for any return of capital distributed to date on such portfolio investment;
“Strategic Investor” refers to the California Public Employees’ Retirement System, or “CalPERS”
“Total Invested Capital” refers to the aggregate cash invested by the relevant Apollo fund and includes capitalized costs relating to investment activities, if any, but does not give effect to cash pending investment or available for reserves;
“Total Value” represents the sum of the total Realized Value and Unrealized Value of investments;
“traditional private equity funds” refers to Apollo Investment Fund I, L.P. (“Fund I”), AIF II, L.P. (“Fund II”), a mirrored investment account established to mirror Fund I and Fund II for investments in debt securities (“MIA”), Apollo Investment Fund III, L.P. (together with its parallel funds, “Fund III”), Apollo Investment Fund IV, L.P. (together with its parallel fund, “Fund IV”), Apollo Investment Fund V, L.P. (together with its parallel funds and alternative investment vehicles, “Fund V”), Apollo Investment Fund VI, L.P. (together with its parallel funds and alternative investment vehicles, “Fund VI”), Apollo Investment Fund VII, L.P. (together with its parallel funds and alternative investment vehicles, “Fund VII”), Apollo Investment Fund VIII, L.P. (together with its parallel funds and alternative investment vehicles, “Fund VIII”) and Apollo Investment Fund IX, L.P. (together with its parallel funds and alternative investment vehicles, “Fund IX”);
“Unrealized Value” refers to the fair value consistent with valuations determined in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”), for investments not yet realized and may include pay in kind, accrued interest and dividends receivable, if any, and before the effect of certain taxes.  In addition, amounts include committed and funded amounts for certain investments; and
“Vintage Year” refers to the year in which a fund’s final capital raise occurred, or, for certain funds, the year in which a fund’s investment period commences pursuant to its governing agreements.

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PART I—FINANCIAL INFORMATION
ITEM 1.     FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
APOLLO GLOBAL MANAGEMENT, LLC
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION (UNAUDITED)
AS OF JUNE 30, 2018 AND DECEMBER 31, 2017
(dollars in thousands, except share data)
 
As of
June 30, 2018
 
As of
December 31, 2017
Assets:
 
 
 
Cash and cash equivalents
$
1,093,125

 
$
751,273

Restricted cash
3,859

 
3,875

U.S. Treasury securities, at fair value
—

 
364,649

Investments (includes performance allocations of $1,401,205 and $1,828,930 as of June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively)
3,230,588

 
3,559,834

Assets of consolidated variable interest entities:
 
 
 
Cash and cash equivalents
58,983

 
92,912

Investments, at fair value
1,182,771

 
1,196,190

Other assets
57,246

 
39,484

Incentive fees receivable
17,496

 
43,176

Due from related parties
315,244

 
262,588

Deferred tax assets, net
364,061

 
337,638

Other assets
209,482

 
231,757

Goodwill
88,852

 
88,852

Intangible assets, net
17,306

 
18,842

Total Assets
$
6,639,013

 
$
6,991,070

Liabilities and Shareholders’ Equity
 
 
 
Liabilities:
 
 
 
Accounts payable and accrued expenses
$
74,466

 
$
68,873

Accrued compensation and benefits
110,311

 
62,474

Deferred revenue
109,182

 
128,146

Due to related parties
412,092

 
428,013

Profit sharing payable
659,907

 
752,276

Debt
1,357,640

 
1,362,402

Liabilities of consolidated variable interest entities:
 
 
 
Debt, at fair value
880,215

 
1,002,063

Other liabilities
73,712

 
115,658

Other liabilities
139,511

 
173,369

Total Liabilities
3,817,036

 
4,093,274

Commitments and Contingencies (see note 14)


 


Shareholders’ Equity:
 
 
 
Apollo Global Management, LLC shareholders’ equity:
 
 
 
Series A Preferred shares, 11,000,000 shares issued and outstanding as of June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017
264,398

 
264,398

Series B Preferred shares, 12,000,000 and 0 shares issued and outstanding as of June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively
289,815

 
—

Class A shares, no par value, unlimited shares authorized, 201,585,096 and 195,267,669 shares issued and outstanding as of June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively
—

 
—

Class B shares, no par value, unlimited shares authorized, 1 share issued and outstanding as of June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017
—

 
—

Additional paid in capital
1,429,307

 
1,579,797

Accumulated deficit
(430,335
)
 
(379,460
)
Accumulated other comprehensive loss
(3,130
)
 
(1,809
)
Total Apollo Global Management, LLC shareholders’ equity
1,550,055

 
1,462,926

Non-Controlling Interests in consolidated entities
269,162

 
140,086

Non-Controlling Interests in Apollo Operating Group
1,002,760

 
1,294,784

Total Shareholders’ Equity
2,821,977

 
2,897,796

Total Liabilities and Shareholders’ Equity
$
6,639,013

 
$
6,991,070

See accompanying notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.

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APOLLO GLOBAL MANAGEMENT, LLC
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS (UNAUDITED)
FOR THE THREE AND SIX MONTHS ENDED JUNE 30, 2018 AND 2017
(dollars in thousands, except share data)
 
For the Three Months Ended
June 30,
 
For the Six Months Ended
June 30,
 
2018
 
2017
 
2018
 
2017
Revenues:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Management fees
$
341,626

 
$
281,305

 
$
628,352

 
$
550,848

Advisory and transaction fees, net
15,440

 
23,629

 
28,991

 
38,696

Investment income:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Performance allocations
129,085

 
120,393

 
4,920

 
472,986

Principal investment income
22,175

 
16,836

 
9,181

 
55,389

Total investment income
151,260

 
137,229

 
14,101

 
528,375

Incentive fees
14,990

 
7,545

 
18,775

 
13,893

Total Revenues
523,316

 
449,708

 
690,219

 
1,131,812

Expenses:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Compensation and benefits:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Salary, bonus and benefits
115,075

 
105,545

 
230,901

 
207,158

Equity-based compensation
37,784

 
22,740

 
73,309

 
45,847

Profit sharing expense
70,545

 
58,059

 
58,268

 
202,383

Total compensation and benefits
223,404

 
186,344

 
362,478

 
455,388

Interest expense
15,162

 
13,195

 
28,959

 
26,194

General, administrative and other
62,517

 
59,729

 
124,194

 
121,769

Placement fees
311

 
5,258

 
638

 
7,163

Total Expenses
301,394

 
264,526

 
516,269

 
610,514

Other Income (Loss):
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net gains (losses) from investment activities
(67,505
)
 
(513
)
 
(134,638
)
 
34,004

Net gains from investment activities of consolidated variable interest entities
9,213

 
6,132

 
15,745

 
10,240

Interest income
4,547

 
622

 
8,106

 
1,425

Other income (loss), net
(5,443
)
 
742

 
(1,197
)
 
19,389

Total Other Income (Loss)
(59,188
)
 
6,983

 
(111,984
)
 
65,058

Income before income tax provision
162,734

 
192,165

 
61,966

 
586,356

Income tax (provision) benefit
(18,924
)
 
777

 
(27,504
)
 
(38,384
)
Net Income
143,810

 
192,942

 
34,462

 
547,972

Net income attributable to Non-Controlling Interests
(80,200
)
 
(101,262
)
 
(29,114
)
 
(311,096
)
Net Income Attributable to Apollo Global Management, LLC
63,610

 
91,680

 
5,348

 
236,876

Net income attributable to Series A Preferred Shareholders
(4,383
)
 
(4,772
)
 
(8,766
)
 
(4,772
)
Net income attributable to Series B Preferred Shareholders
(4,569
)
 
—

 
(4,569
)
 
—

Net Income (Loss) Attributable to Apollo Global Management, LLC Class A Shareholders
$
54,658

 
$
86,908

 
$
(7,987
)
 
$
232,104

Distributions Declared per Class A Share
$
0.38

 
$
0.49

 
$
1.04

 
$
0.94

Net Income (Loss) Per Class A Share:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net Income (Loss) Available to Class A Share – Basic
$
0.25

 
$
0.44

 
$
(0.09
)
 
$
1.19

Net Income (Loss) Available to Class A Share – Diluted
$
0.25

 
$
0.44

 
$
(0.09
)
 
$
1.19

Weighted Average Number of Class A Shares Outstanding – Basic
200,711,475

 
190,591,756

 
199,578,334

 
188,564,562

Weighted Average Number of Class A Shares Outstanding – Diluted
200,711,475

 
190,591,756

 
199,578,334

 
188,564,562


See accompanying notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.

- 9-
Table of Contents

APOLLO GLOBAL MANAGEMENT, LLC
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF
COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (UNAUDITED)
FOR THE THREE AND SIX MONTHS ENDED JUNE 30, 2018 AND 2017
(dollars in thousands, except share data)
 
For the Three Months Ended
June 30,
 
For the Six Months Ended
June 30,
 
2018
 
2017
 
2018
 
2017
Net Income
$
143,810

 
$
192,942

 
$
34,462

 
$
547,972

Other Comprehensive Income (Loss), net of tax:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Currency translation adjustments, net of tax
(17,885
)
 
11,219

 
(12,865
)
 
8,940

Net gain from change in fair value of cash flow hedge instruments
25

 
25

 
52

 
51

Net loss on available-for-sale securities
(196
)
 
(149
)
 
(237
)
 
(101
)
Total Other Comprehensive Income (Loss), net of tax
(18,056
)
 
11,095

 
(13,050
)
 
8,890

Comprehensive Income
125,754

 
204,037

 
21,412

 
556,862

Comprehensive Income attributable to Non-Controlling Interests
(64,459
)
 
(103,576
)
 
(17,385
)
 
(314,285
)
Comprehensive Income Attributable to Apollo Global Management, LLC
$
61,295

 
$
100,461

 
$
4,027

 
$
242,577


See accompanying notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.

- 10-
Table of Contents

APOLLO GLOBAL MANAGEMENT, LLC
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES
IN SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY (UNAUDITED)
FOR THE SIX MONTHS ENDED JUNE 30, 2018 AND 2017
(dollars in thousands, except share data)
 
Apollo Global Management, LLC Shareholders
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Class A
Shares
 
Class B
Shares
 
Series A Preferred Shares
 
Series B Preferred Shares
 
Additional
Paid in
Capital
 
Accumulated
Deficit
 
Accumulated
Other
Comprehensive Loss
 
Total Apollo
Global
Management,
LLC
Shareholders’
Equity
 
Non-
Controlling
Interests in
Consolidated
Entities
 
Non-
Controlling
Interests in
Apollo
Operating
Group
 
Total
Shareholders’
Equity
Balance at January 1, 2017
185,460,294

 
1

 
$
—

 
$
—

 
$
1,830,025

 
$
(986,186
)
 
$
(8,723
)
 
$
835,116

 
$
90,063

 
$
942,349

 
$
1,867,528

Adoption of new accounting guidance
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
22,901

 
—

 
22,901

 
—

 
—

 
22,901

Dilution impact of issuance of Class A shares
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
(228
)
 
—

 
—

 
(228
)
 
—

 
—

 
(228
)
Equity issued in connection with Preferred shares offering
—

 
—

 
264,398

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
264,398

 
—

 
—

 
264,398

Capital increase related to equity-based compensation
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
35,106

 
—

 
—

 
35,106

 
—

 
—

 
35,106

Capital contributions
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
34,115

 
—

 
34,115

Distributions
—

 
—

 
(4,772
)
 
—

 
(184,820
)
 
—

 
—

 
(189,592
)
 
(2,710
)
 
(220,367
)
 
(412,669
)
Payments related to issuances of Class A shares for equity-based awards
1,863,332

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
(24,284
)
 
—

 
(24,284
)
 
—

 
—

 
(24,284
)
Exchange of AOG Units for Class A shares
5,432,418

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
36,055

 
—

 
—

 
36,055

 
—

 
(26,596
)
 
9,459

Net income
—

 
—

 
4,772

 
—

 
—

 
232,104

 
—

 
236,876

 
7,919

 
303,177

 
547,972

Currency translation adjustments, net of tax
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
5,778

 
5,778

 
7,893

 
(4,731
)
 
8,940

Net gain from change in fair value of cash flow hedge instruments
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
24

 
24

 
—

 
27

 
51

Net income on available-for-sale securities
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
(101
)
 
(101
)
 
—

 
—

 
(101
)
Balance at June 30, 2017
192,756,044

 
1

 
$
264,398

 
$
—

 
$
1,716,138

 
$
(755,465
)
 
$
(3,022
)
 
$
1,222,049

 
$
137,280

 
$
993,859

 
$
2,353,188

Balance at January 1, 2018
195,267,669

 
1

 
$
264,398

 
$
—

 
$
1,579,797

 
$
(379,460
)
 
$
(1,809
)
 
$
1,462,926

 
$
140,086

 
$
1,294,784

 
$
2,897,796

Adoption of new accounting guidance
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
(8,149
)
 
—

 
(8,149
)
 
—

 
(11,210
)
 
(19,359
)
Dilution impact of issuance of Class A shares
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
104

 
—

 
—

 
104

 
—

 
—

 
104

Equity issued in connection with Preferred shares offering
—

 
—

 
—

 
289,815

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
289,815

 
—

 
—

 
289,815

Capital increase related to equity-based compensation
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
57,065

 
—

 
—

 
57,065

 
—

 
—

 
57,065

Capital contributions
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
146,518

 
—

 
146,518

Distributions
—

 
—

 
(8,766
)
 
(4,569
)
 
(219,162
)
 
—

 
—

 
(232,497
)
 
(21,634
)
 
(261,180
)
 
(515,311
)
Payments related to issuances of Class A shares for equity-based awards
1,986,612

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
(34,739
)
 
—

 
(34,739
)
 
—

 
—

 
(34,739
)
Repurchase of Class A shares
(849,785
)
 
—

 
—

 
—

 
(28,728
)
 
—

 
—

 
(28,728
)
 
—

 
—

 
(28,728
)
Exchange of AOG Units for Class A shares
5,180,600

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
40,231

 
—

 
—

 
40,231

 
—

 
(32,827
)
 
7,404

Net income (loss)
—

 
—

 
8,766

 
4,569

 
—

 
(7,987
)
 
—

 
5,348

 
14,695

 
14,419

 
34,462

Currency translation adjustments, net of tax
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
(1,229
)
 
(1,229
)
 
(10,503
)
 
(1,133
)
 
(12,865
)
Net gain from change in fair value of cash flow hedge instruments
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
26

 
26

 
—

 
26

 
52

Net loss on available-for-sale securities
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
(118
)
 
(118
)
 
—

 
(119
)
 
(237
)
Balance at June 30, 2018
201,585,096

 
1

 
$
264,398

 
$
289,815

 
$
1,429,307

 
$
(430,335
)
 
$
(3,130
)
 
$
1,550,055

 
$
269,162

 
$
1,002,760

 
$
2,821,977


See accompanying notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.

- 11-
Table of Contents

APOLLO GLOBAL MANAGEMENT, LLC
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS (UNAUDITED)
FOR THE SIX MONTHS ENDED JUNE 30, 2018 AND 2017
(dollars in thousands, except share data)
 
For the Six Months Ended June 30,
 
2018
 
2017
Cash Flows from Operating Activities:
 
 
 
Net income
$
34,462

 
$
547,972

Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
 
 
 
Equity-based compensation
73,309

 
45,847

Depreciation and amortization
7,574

 
8,445

Unrealized (gains) losses from investment activities
140,517

 
(37,721
)
Principal investment income
(9,181
)
 
(55,389
)
Performance allocations
(4,920
)
 
(472,986
)
Change in fair value of contingent obligations
(8,034
)
 
(2,561
)
Deferred taxes, net
23,546

 
35,835

Other non-cash amounts included in net income (loss), net
(12,304
)
 
4,538

Cash flows due to changes in operating assets and liabilities:
 
 
 
Incentive fees receivable
(9,029
)
 
(5,215
)
Due from related parties
(48,586
)
 
(41,600
)
Accounts payable and accrued expenses
5,593

 
2,629

Accrued compensation and benefits
47,837

 
44,761

Deferred revenue
(17,279
)
 
(57,113
)
Due to related parties
375

 
(3,844
)
Profit sharing payable
(24,544
)
 
51,088

Other assets and other liabilities, net
(9,134
)
 
(19,543
)
Cash distributions of earnings from principal investments
39,656

 
30,197

Cash distributions of earnings from performance allocations
257,128

 
426,634

Satisfaction of contingent obligations
(2,564
)
 
(16,821
)
Apollo Fund and VIE related:
 
 
 
Net realized and unrealized gains from investing activities and debt
(20,714
)
 
(10,590
)
Purchases of investments
(288,914
)
 
(324,169
)
Proceeds from sale of investments
279,606

 
280,657

Changes in other assets and other liabilities, net
(59,325
)
 
(11,082
)
Net Cash Provided by Operating Activities
$
395,075

 
$
419,969

Cash Flows from Investing Activities:
 
 
 
Purchases of fixed assets
$
(5,108
)
 
$
(3,616
)
Proceeds from sale of investments
28,316

 
—

Purchase of investments
(57,903
)
 
(4,699
)
Purchase of U.S. Treasury securities
(59,529
)
 
—

Proceeds from maturities of U.S. Treasury securities
425,830

 
—

Cash contributions to equity method investments
(160,346
)
 
(72,674
)
Cash distributions from equity method investments
53,770

 
51,513

Issuance of related party loans
(1,650
)
 
(5,834
)
Repayment of related party loans
—

 
17,700

Other investing activities
171

 
(790
)
Net Cash Provided by (Used in) Investing Activities
$
223,551

 
$
(18,400
)
Cash Flows from Financing Activities:
 
 
 
Principal repayments of debt
$
(300,000
)
 
$
—

Issuance of Preferred shares, net of issuance costs
289,815

 
264,398

Distributions to Preferred Shareholders
(13,335
)
 
(4,772
)
Satisfaction of tax receivable agreement
(50,267
)
 
(17,895
)
Issuance of debt
299,676

 
—

Purchase of Class A shares
(52,482
)
 
(7,268
)
Payments related to deliveries of Class A shares for RSUs
(34,739
)
 
(24,284
)
Distributions paid
(219,162
)
 
(184,820
)
Distributions paid to Non-Controlling Interests in Apollo Operating Group
(261,180
)
 
(220,367
)
Other financing activities
(5,142
)
 
(1,855
)
Apollo Fund and VIE related:
 
 
 
Issuance of debt
—

 
474,234

Principal repayment of debt
(92,153
)
 
(441,636
)
Distributions paid to Non-Controlling Interests in consolidated entities
(18,939
)
 
(84
)
Contributions from Non-Controlling Interests in consolidated entities
147,189

 
33,344

Net Cash Used in Financing Activities
$
(310,719
)
 
$
(131,005
)
Net Increase in Cash and Cash Equivalents, Restricted Cash and Cash Held at Consolidated Variable Interest Entities
307,907

 
270,564

Cash and Cash Equivalents, Restricted Cash and Cash Held at Consolidated Variable Interest Entities, Beginning of Period
848,060

 
859,662

Cash and Cash Equivalents, Restricted Cash and Cash Held at Consolidated Variable Interest Entities, End of Period
$
1,155,967

 
$
1,130,226

Supplemental Disclosure of Cash Flow Information:
 
 
 
Interest paid
$
25,706

 
$
28,316

Interest paid by consolidated variable interest entities
9,341

 
5,581

Income taxes paid
5,494

 
5,616

Supplemental Disclosure of Non-Cash Investing Activities:
 
 
 
Non-cash distributions from equity method investments
$
(24,902
)
 
$
(25,808
)
Non-cash contributions of other investments, at fair value
194,003

 
25,091

Non-cash distributions of other investments, at fair value
(46,623
)
 
—

Supplemental Disclosure of Non-Cash Financing Activities:
 
 
 
Capital increases related to equity-based compensation
$
57,065

 
$
35,106

Other non-cash financing activities
105

 
(247
)
Adjustments related to exchange of Apollo Operating Group units:
 
 
 
Deferred tax assets
$
47,009

 
$
39,298

Due to related parties
(39,605
)
 
(29,839
)
Additional paid in capital
(7,404
)
 
(9,459
)
Non-Controlling Interest in Apollo Operating Group
32,827

 
26,596

 
 
 
 
Reconciliation of Cash and Cash Equivalents, Restricted Cash and Cash Held at Consolidated Variable Interest Entities to the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition:
 
 
 
Cash and cash equivalents
$
1,093,125

 
$
1,080,477

Restricted cash
3,859

 
5,023

Cash held at consolidated variable interest entities
58,983

 
44,726

Total Cash and Cash Equivalents, Restricted Cash and Cash and Cash Equivalents Held at Consolidated Variable Interest Entities
$
1,155,967

 
$
1,130,226


See accompanying notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.

- 12-
Table of Contents
APOLLO GLOBAL MANAGEMENT, LLC
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(dollars in thousands, except share data, except where noted)


1. ORGANIZATION
Apollo Global Management, LLC (“AGM”, together with its consolidated subsidiaries, the “Company” or “Apollo”) is a global alternative investment manager whose predecessor was founded in 1990. Its primary business is to raise, invest and manage credit, private equity and real assets funds as well as strategic investment accounts, on behalf of pension, endowment and sovereign wealth funds, as well as other institutional and individual investors. For these investment management services, Apollo receives management fees generally related to the amount of assets managed, transaction and advisory fees, incentive fees and performance allocations related to the performance of the respective funds that it manages. Apollo has three primary business segments:
•
Credit—primarily invests in non-control corporate and structured debt instruments including performing, stressed and distressed investments across the capital structure;
•
Private equity—primarily invests in control equity and related debt instruments, convertible securities and distressed debt investments; and
•
Real assets—primarily invests in real estate equity for the acquisition and recapitalization of real estate assets, portfolios, platforms and operating companies, and real estate debt including first mortgage and mezzanine loans, preferred equity and commercial mortgage backed securities.
Organization of the Company
The Company was formed as a Delaware limited liability company on July 3, 2007 and completed a reorganization of its predecessor businesses on July 13, 2007 (the “2007 Reorganization”). The Company is managed and operated by its manager, AGM Management, LLC, which in turn is indirectly wholly-owned and controlled by Leon Black, Joshua Harris and Marc Rowan, its Managing Partners.
As of June 30, 2018, the Company owned, through six intermediate holding companies, 49.9% of the economic interests of, and operated and controlled all of the businesses and affairs of, the Apollo Operating Group through its wholly-owned subsidiaries.
AP Professional Holdings, L.P., a Cayman Islands exempted limited partnership (“Holdings”), is the entity through which the Managing Partners and certain of the Company’s other partners (the “Contributing Partners”) indirectly beneficially own interests in each of the partnerships that comprise the Apollo Operating Group (“AOG Units”). As of June 30, 2018, Holdings owned the remaining 50.1% of the economic interests in the Apollo Operating Group. The Company consolidates the financial results of the Apollo Operating Group and its consolidated subsidiaries. Holdings’ ownership interest in the Apollo Operating Group is reflected as a Non-Controlling Interest in the accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements.
2. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES
Basis of Presentation
The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements are prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP for interim financial information and instructions to the Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. The condensed consolidated financial statements and these notes are unaudited and exclude some of the disclosures required in annual financial statements. Management believes it has made all necessary adjustments (consisting only of normal recurring items) so that the condensed consolidated financial statements are presented fairly and that estimates made in preparing its condensed consolidated financial statements are reasonable and prudent. The operating results presented for interim periods are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for any other interim period or for the entire year. These condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the annual financial statements included in the 2017 Annual Report.
The condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company, its wholly-owned or majority-owned subsidiaries, the consolidated entities which are considered to be variable interest entities (“VIEs”) and for which the Company is considered the primary beneficiary, and certain entities which are not considered VIEs but which the Company controls through a majority voting interest. Intercompany accounts and transactions, if any, have been eliminated upon consolidation.
Certain reclassifications, when applicable, have been made to the prior periods’ condensed consolidated financial statements and notes to conform to the current period’s presentation and are disclosed accordingly.

- 13-
Table of Contents
APOLLO GLOBAL MANAGEMENT, LLC
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(dollars in thousands, except share data, except where noted)

Consolidation
The types of entities with which Apollo is involved generally include subsidiaries (e.g., general partners and management companies related to the funds the Company manages), entities that have all the attributes of an investment company (e.g., funds) and securitization vehicles (e.g., CLOs). Each of these entities is assessed for consolidation on a case by case basis depending on the specific facts and circumstances surrounding that entity.
Pursuant to the consolidation guidance, the Company first evaluates whether it holds a variable interest in an entity. Fees that are customary and commensurate with the level of services provided, and where the Company does not hold other economic interests in the entity that would absorb more than an insignificant amount of the expected losses or returns of the entity, would not be considered a variable interest. Apollo factors in all economic interests including proportionate interests through related parties, to determine if such interests are considered a variable interest. As Apollo’s interests in many of these entities are solely through market rate fees and/or insignificant indirect interests through related parties, Apollo is not considered to have a variable interest in many of these entities and no further consolidation analysis is performed. For entities where the Company has determined that it does hold a variable interest, the Company performs an assessment to determine whether each of those entities qualify as a VIE.
The determination as to whether an entity qualifies as a VIE depends on the facts and circumstances surrounding each entity and therefore certain of Apollo’s funds may qualify as VIEs under the variable interest model whereas others may qualify as voting interest entities (“VOEs”) under the voting interest model. The granting of substantive kick-out rights is a key consideration in determining whether a limited partnership or similar entity is a VIE and whether or not that entity should be consolidated.
Under the variable interest model, Apollo consolidates those entities where it is determined that the Company is the primary beneficiary of the entity. The Company is determined to be the primary beneficiary when it has a controlling financial interest in the VIE, which is defined as possessing both (i) the power to direct the activities of the VIE that most significantly impact the VIE’s economic performance and (ii) the obligation to absorb losses of the VIE or the right to receive benefits from the VIE that could potentially be significant to the VIE. When Apollo alone is not considered to have a controlling financial interest in the VIE but Apollo and its related parties under common control in the aggregate have a controlling financial interest in the VIE, Apollo will be deemed the primary beneficiary if it is the party that is most closely associated with the VIE. When Apollo and its related parties not under common control in the aggregate have a controlling financial interest in the VIE, Apollo would be deemed to be the primary beneficiary if substantially all the activities of the entity are performed on behalf of Apollo.
Apollo determines whether it is the primary beneficiary of a VIE at the time it becomes initially involved with the VIE and reconsiders that conclusion continuously. Investments and redemptions (either by Apollo, related parties of Apollo or third parties) or amendments to the governing documents of the respective entity may affect an entity’s status as a VIE or the determination of the primary beneficiary.
Assets and liabilities of the consolidated VIEs are primarily shown in separate sections within the condensed consolidated statements of financial condition. Changes in the fair value of the consolidated VIEs’ assets and liabilities and related interest, dividend and other income and expenses are presented within net gains from investment activities of consolidated variable interest entities in the condensed consolidated statements of operations. The portion attributable to Non-Controlling Interests is reported within net (income) loss attributable to Non-Controlling Interests in the condensed consolidated statements of operations. For additional disclosures regarding VIEs, see note 5.
Under the voting interest model, Apollo consolidates those entities it controls through a majority voting interest. Apollo does not consolidate those VOEs in which substantive kick-out rights have been granted to the unrelated investors to either dissolve the fund or remove the general partner.
Cash and Cash Equivalents
Apollo considers all highly liquid short-term investments with original maturities of three months or less when purchased to be cash equivalents. Cash and cash equivalents include money market funds and U.S. Treasury securities with original maturities of three months or less when purchased. Interest income from cash and cash equivalents is recorded in interest income in the condensed consolidated statements of operations. The carrying values of the money market funds and U.S. Treasury securities was $743.3 million and $404.7 million as of June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively, which approximate their fair values due to their short-term nature and are categorized as Level I within the fair value hierarchy. Substantially all of the Company’s cash on deposit is in interest bearing accounts with major financial institutions and exceed insured limits.

- 14-
Table of Contents
APOLLO GLOBAL MANAGEMENT, LLC
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(dollars in thousands, except share data, except where noted)

U.S. Treasury securities, at fair value
U.S. Treasury securities, at fair value includes U.S. Treasury bills with original maturities greater than three months when purchased. These securities are recorded at fair value. Interest income on such securities is separately presented from the overall change in fair value and is recognized in interest income in the condensed consolidated statements of operations. Any remaining change in fair value of such securities, that is not recognized as interest income, is recognized in net gains (losses) from investment activities in the condensed consolidated statements of operations.
Fair Value of Financial Instruments
Apollo has elected the fair value option for the Company’s investment in Athene Holding, the assets and liabilities of certain of its consolidated VIEs (including CLOs), the Company’s U.S. Treasury securities with original maturities greater than three months when purchased, and certain of the Company’s other investments. Such election is irrevocable and is applied to financial instruments on an individual basis at initial recognition.
The fair value of a financial instrument is the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date under current market conditions.
Except for the Company’s debt obligations, financial instruments are generally recorded at fair value or at amounts whose carrying values approximate fair value. The actual realized gains or losses will depend on, among other factors, future operating results, the value of the assets and market conditions at the time of disposition, any related transaction costs and the timing and manner of sale, all of which may ultimately differ significantly from the assumptions on which the valuations were based.
Fair Value Hierarchy
U.S. GAAP establishes a hierarchical disclosure framework which prioritizes and ranks the level of market price observability used in measuring financial instruments at fair value. Market price observability is affected by a number of factors, including the type of financial instrument, the characteristics specific to the financial instrument and the state of the marketplace, including the existence and transparency of transactions between market participants. Financial instruments with readily available quoted prices in active markets generally will have a higher degree of market price observability and a lesser degree of judgment used in measuring fair value.
Financial instruments measured and reported at fair value are classified and disclosed based on the observability of inputs used in the determination of fair values, as follows:
Level I - Quoted prices are available in active markets for identical financial instruments as of the reporting date. The types of financial instruments included in Level I include listed equities and debt. The Company does not adjust the quoted price for these financial instruments, even in situations where the Company holds a large position and the sale of such position would likely deviate from the quoted price.
Level II - Pricing inputs are other than quoted prices in active markets, which are either directly or indirectly observable as of the reporting date, and fair value is determined through the use of models or other valuation methodologies. Financial instruments that are generally included in this category include corporate bonds and loans, less liquid and restricted equity securities and certain over-the-counter derivatives where the fair value is based on observable inputs. These financial instruments exhibit higher levels of liquid market observability as compared to Level III financial instruments.
Level III - Pricing inputs are unobservable for the financial instrument and includes situations where there is little observable market activity for the financial instrument. The inputs into the determination of fair value may require significant management judgment or estimation. Financial instruments that are included in this category generally include general and limited partner interests in corporate private equity and real assets funds, opportunistic credit funds, distressed debt and non-investment grade residual interests in securitizations and CDOs and CLOs where the fair value is based on observable inputs as well as unobservable inputs.
When a security is valued based on broker quotes, the Company subjects those quotes to various criteria in making the determination as to whether a particular financial instrument would qualify for classification as Level II or Level III. These

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APOLLO GLOBAL MANAGEMENT, LLC
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(dollars in thousands, except share data, except where noted)

criteria include, but are not limited to, the number and quality of the broker quotes, the standard deviations of the observed broker quotes, and the percentage deviation from independent pricing services.
In certain cases, the inputs used to measure fair value may fall into different levels of the fair value hierarchy. In such cases, a financial instrument’s level within the fair value hierarchy is based on the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement. The Company’s assessment of the significance of a particular input to the fair value measurement in its entirety requires judgment and considers factors specific to the financial instrument when the fair value is based on unobservable inputs.
Transfers between levels of the fair value hierarchy are recognized as of the end of the reporting period.
Equity Method Investments
For investments in entities over which the Company exercises significant influence but which do not meet the requirements for consolidation and for which the Company has not elected the fair value option, the Company uses the equity method of accounting, whereby the Company records its share of the underlying income or loss of such entities. The Company’s share of the underlying net income or loss of such entities is recorded in principal investment income in the condensed consolidated statements of operations.
The carrying amounts of equity method investments are recorded in investments in the condensed consolidated statements of financial condition. As the underlying entities that the Company manages and invests in are, for U.S. GAAP purposes, primarily investment companies which reflect their investments at estimated fair value, the carrying value of the Company’s equity method investments in such entities approximates fair value.
Financial Instruments held by Consolidated VIEs
The Company measures both the financial assets and financial liabilities of the consolidated CLOs in its condensed consolidated financial statements using the fair value of the financial assets of the consolidated CLOs, which are more observable than the fair value of the financial liabilities of the consolidated CLOs. As a result, the financial assets of the consolidated CLOs are measured at fair value and the financial liabilities are measured in consolidation as: (i) the sum of the fair value of the financial assets and the carrying value of any non-financial assets that are incidental to the operations of the CLOs less (ii) the sum of the fair value of any beneficial interests retained by the Company (other than those that represent compensation for services) and the Company’s carrying value of any beneficial interests that represent compensation for services. The resulting amount is allocated to the individual financial liabilities (other than the beneficial interest retained by the Company) using a reasonable and consistent methodology. Under the measurement alternative, net (income) loss attributable to Apollo Global Management, LLC reflects the Company’s own economic interests in the consolidated CLOs including (i) changes in the fair value of the beneficial interests retained by the Company and (ii) beneficial interests that represent compensation for collateral management services.
The consolidated VIEs hold investments that could be traded over-the-counter. Investments in securities that are traded on a securities exchange or comparable over-the-counter quotation systems are valued based on the last reported sale price at that date. If no sales of such investments are reported on such date, and in the case of over-the-counter securities or other investments for which the last sale date is not available, valuations are based on independent market quotations obtained from market participants, recognized pricing services or other sources deemed relevant, and the prices are based on the average of the “bid” and “ask” prices, or at ascertainable prices at the close of business on such day. Market quotations are generally based on valuation pricing models or market transactions of similar securities adjusted for security-specific factors such as relative capital structure priority and interest and yield risks, among other factors. When market quotations are not available, a model based approach is used to determine fair value.
Deferred Revenue
Apollo records deferred revenue, which is a type of contract liability, when consideration is received in advance of management services provided.
Apollo also earns management fees subject to the Management Fee Offset (described below). When advisory and transaction fees are earned by the management company, the Management Fee Offset reduces the management fee obligation of the fund. When the Company receives cash for advisory and transaction fees, a certain percentage of such advisory and/or transaction fees, as applicable, is allocated as a credit to reduce future management fees, otherwise payable by such fund. Such credit is recorded as deferred revenue in the condensed consolidated statements of financial condition. A portion of any excess advisory

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APOLLO GLOBAL MANAGEMENT, LLC
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(dollars in thousands, except share data, except where noted)

and transaction fees may be required to be returned to the limited partners of certain funds upon such fund’s liquidation. As the management fees earned by the Company are presented on a gross basis, any Management Fee Offsets calculated are presented as a reduction to advisory and transaction fees in the condensed consolidated statements of operations.
Additionally, Apollo earns advisory fees pursuant to the terms of the advisory agreements with certain of the portfolio companies that are owned by the funds Apollo manages. When Apollo receives a payment from a portfolio company that exceeds the advisory fees earned at that point in time, the excess payment is recorded as deferred revenue in the condensed consolidated statements of financial condition. The advisory agreements with the portfolio companies vary in duration and the associated fees are received monthly, quarterly or annually. Deferred revenue is reversed and recognized as revenue over the period that the agreed upon services are performed. There was $119.7 million of revenue recognized during the six months ended June 30, 2018 that was previously deferred as of January 1, 2018.
Under the terms of the funds’ partnership agreements, Apollo is normally required to bear organizational expenses over a set dollar amount and placement fees or costs in connection with the offering and sale of interests in the funds it manages to investors. The placement fees are payable to placement agents, who are independent third parties that assist in identifying potential investors, securing commitments to invest from such potential investors, preparing or revising offering and marketing materials, developing strategies for attempting to secure investments by potential investors and/or providing feedback and insight regarding issues and concerns of potential investors, when a limited partner either commits or funds a commitment to a fund. In certain instances the placement fees are paid over a period of time. Based on the management agreements with the funds, Apollo considers placement fees and organizational costs paid in determining if cash has been received in excess of the management fees earned. Placement fees and organizational costs are normally the obligation of Apollo but can be paid for by the funds. When these costs are paid by the fund, the resulting obligations are included within deferred revenue. The deferred revenue balance will also be reduced during future periods when management fees are earned but not paid.
Revenues
The Company’s revenues are reported in four separate categories that include (i) management fees; (ii) advisory and transaction fees, net; (iii) investment income which is comprised of two subcomponents: (1) performance allocations and (2) principal investment income; and (iv) incentive fees.
On January 1, 2018, the Company adopted new revenue guidance issued by the FASB for recognizing revenue from contracts with customers. The new revenue guidance requires that an entity should recognize revenue to depict the transfer of promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the entity expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services (i.e., the transaction price). When determining the transaction price under the new revenue guidance, an entity may include variable consideration only to the extent that it is probable that a significant reversal in the amount of cumulative revenue recognized would not occur when the uncertainty associated with the variable consideration is resolved. The new revenue guidance also requires improved disclosures to help users of financial statements better understand the nature, amount, timing, and uncertainty of revenue that is recognized.
The Company has concluded that its management fees, advisory and transaction fees, and incentive fees are within the scope of the new revenue guidance. For incentive fees, the new revenue guidance delays the timing of certain revenues compared to the prior accounting treatment. These amounts were previously recognized in carried interest income in the condensed consolidated statements of operations and are now recognized separately within its own line, incentive fees.
Effective January 1, 2018, the Company implemented a change in accounting principle for performance allocations to be accounted for under guidance applicable to equity method investments, and therefore not within the scope of the new revenue guidance. The accounting change does not change the timing or amount of revenue recognized related to performance allocation arrangements. These amounts were previously recognized within carried interest income in the condensed consolidated statements of operations and carried interest receivable within the condensed consolidated statements of financial condition. As a result of the change in accounting principle, the Company recognizes performance allocations within investment income along with the related principal investment income (as described further below) in the condensed consolidated statements of operations and within the investments line in the condensed consolidated statements of financial condition. The Company applied this change in accounting principle on a full retrospective basis.
The new revenue guidance was adopted on a modified retrospective basis. The adoption of the new revenue guidance did not have a material impact on the Company. In connection with the adoption of the new revenue guidance, the Company recorded a cumulative effect adjustment to total shareholders’ equity as of January 1, 2018 in the amount of $19.4 million net of

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APOLLO GLOBAL MANAGEMENT, LLC
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(dollars in thousands, except share data, except where noted)

taxes. Prior periods have not been recast to reflect the new revenue guidance. Accordingly, prior periods reflect recognition under the previous guidance whereby incentive fees were recorded on an assumed liquidation basis at each reporting date. Refer to disclosures below for additional information on each of the Company’s revenue streams.
Management Fees
Management fees for funds are recognized over time during the periods in which the related services are performed in accordance with the contractual terms of the related agreement. Management fees are generally based on (1) a percentage of the capital committed during the commitment period, and thereafter based on the remaining invested capital of unrealized investments, or (2) net asset value, gross assets or as otherwise defined in the respective agreements. Included in management fees are certain expense reimbursements where the Company is considered the principal under the agreements and is required to record the expense and related reimbursement revenue on a gross basis.
Advisory and Transaction Fees, Net
Advisory fees, including monitoring fees and directors’ fees, are generally recognized over time as the underlying services are provided in accordance with the contractual terms of the related agreement. The Company receives such fees in exchange for ongoing management consulting, monitoring, and oversight of portfolio company operations. Transaction fees, including structuring fees and arranging fees are generally recognized at a point in time when the underlying services rendered are complete.
The amounts due from portfolio companies are recorded in due from related parties, which is discussed further in note 13. Under the terms of the limited partnership agreements for certain funds, the management fee payable by the funds may be subject to a reduction based on a certain percentage of such advisory and transaction fees, net of applicable broken deal costs (“Management Fee Offset”). Advisory and transaction fees are presented net of the Management Fee Offset in the condensed consolidated statements of operations.
Underwriting fees, which are also included within advisory and transaction fees, net, include gains, losses and fees, arising from securities offerings in which one of the Company’s subsidiaries participates in the underwriter syndicate. Underwriting fees are recognized at a point in time when the underwriting is completed. Underwriting fees recognized but not received are recorded in other assets on the condensed consolidated statements of financial condition.
During the normal course of business, the Company incurs certain costs related to certain transactions that are not consummated (“broken deal costs”). These costs (e.g., research costs, due diligence costs, professional fees, legal fees and other related items) are determined to be broken deal costs upon management’s decision to no longer pursue the transaction. In accordance with the related fund agreement, in the event the deal is deemed broken, all of the costs are reimbursed by the funds and then included as a component of the calculation of the Management Fee Offset. If a deal is successfully completed, Apollo is reimbursed by the fund or fund’s portfolio company for all costs incurred and no offset is generated. As the Company acts as an agent for the funds it manages, any transaction costs incurred and paid by the Company on behalf of the respective funds relating to successful or broken deals are recorded net on the Company’s condensed consolidated statements of operations, and any receivable from the respective funds is recorded in due from related parties on the condensed consolidated statements of financial condition.
Investment Income
Investment income is comprised of two subcomponents: (1) performance allocations and (2) principal investment income.
Performance Allocations
Performance allocations are a type of performance revenue (i.e., income earned based on the extent to which an entity’s performance exceeds predetermined thresholds). Performance allocations are generally structured from a legal standpoint as an allocation of capital in which the asset manager’s capital account receives allocations of the returns of an entity when those returns exceed predetermined thresholds. The determination of which performance revenues are considered performance allocations is primarily based on the terms of an agreement with the entity.
As noted above, as a result of a change in accounting principle, the Company recognizes performance allocations within investment income along with the related principal investment income (as described further below) in the condensed consolidated statements of operations and within the investments line in the condensed consolidated statements of financial condition.

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APOLLO GLOBAL MANAGEMENT, LLC
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(dollars in thousands, except share data, except where noted)

Principal Investment Income
Principal investment income includes the Company’s income or loss from equity method investments and certain other investments in entities in which the Company is generally eligible to receive performance allocations. Income from equity method investments includes the Company’s share of net income or loss generated from its investments, which are not consolidated, but in which the Company exerts significant influence. Prior to the change in accounting principle noted above, income from equity method investments was included within other income (loss) in the condensed consolidated statements of operations. All prior periods have been conformed to reflect this change in presentation.
Incentive Fees
Incentive fees are a type of performance revenue. Incentive fees differ from performance allocations in that incentive fees do not represent an allocation of capital but rather a contractual fee arrangement with the entity.
Incentive fees are considered a form of variable consideration under the new guidance as they are subject to clawback or reversal and therefore must be deferred until the fees are probable to not be significantly reversed. Accrued but unpaid incentive fees are reported within incentive fees receivable in the Company’s condensed consolidated statements of financial condition. As noted earlier, prior to the adoption of the new revenue guidance, incentive fees were recognized on an assumed liquidation basis. The Company’s incentive fees primarily relate to the credit segment and are generally received from the management of CLOs, managed accounts and AINV.
As it relates to AINV, incentive fees include a quarterly fee on the pre-incentive fee net investment income (“AINV Part I Fees”) of AINV. For purposes of the AINV Part I Fees, the net investment income of AINV includes interest income, dividend income and certain other income but excludes any realized and unrealized capital gains or losses. Such AINV Part I Fees are paid quarterly and are not subject to repayment. Therefore, the recognition of these fees are not impacted by the adoption of the new revenue guidance.
Compensation and Benefits
Equity-Based Compensation
Equity-based awards granted to employees as compensation are measured based on the grant date fair value of the award. Equity-based awards that do not require future service (i.e., vested awards) are expensed immediately. Equity-based employee awards that require future service are expensed over the relevant service period. In addition, the Company provides for the vesting of certain restricted stock units (“RSUs”) subject to continued employment and certain performance metrics being achieved. In accordance with U.S. GAAP, equity-based compensation expense for such awards is recognized on an accelerated recognition method over the requisite service period to the extent the performance metrics are met or deemed probable. Equity-based awards granted to non-employees for services provided to related parties are remeasured to fair value at the end of each reporting period and expensed over the relevant service period. The Company accounts for forfeitures of equity-based awards when they occur.
Profit Sharing
Profit sharing expense and profit sharing payable primarily consist of a portion of performance allocations and incentive fees (collectively, “performance revenues”) earned from certain funds that are allocated to employees, former employees and Contributing Partners. Profit sharing amounts are recognized as the related performance revenues are earned. Accordingly, profit sharing amounts can be reversed during periods when there is a decline in performance revenues that were previously recognized.
Profit sharing amounts are generally not paid until the related performance revenue is distributed to the general partner upon realization of the fund’s investments. Under certain profit sharing arrangements, the Company requires that a portion of certain of the performance revenues distributed to our employees be used to purchase Class A restricted shares issued under our 2007 Equity Plan. Prior to distribution of the performance revenue, the Company records the value of the equity-based awards expected to be granted in other assets and other liabilities within the condensed consolidated statements of financial condition. Such equity-based awards are recorded as equity-based compensation expense over the relevant service period once granted.
Additionally, profit sharing amounts previously distributed may be subject to clawback from employees, former employees and Contributing Partners. When applicable, the accrual for potential clawback of previously distributed profit sharing amounts, which is a component of due from related parties on the condensed consolidated statements of financial condition,

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APOLLO GLOBAL MANAGEMENT, LLC
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(dollars in thousands, except share data, except where noted)

represents all amounts previously distributed to employees, former employees and Contributing Partners that would need to be returned to the general partner if the Apollo funds were to be liquidated based on the fair value of the underlying funds’ investments as of the reporting date. The actual general partner receivable, however, would not become realized until the end of a fund’s life.
Profit sharing payable also includes contingent consideration obligations that were recognized in connection with certain Apollo acquisitions. Changes in the fair value of the contingent consideration obligations are reflected in the Company’s condensed consolidated statements of operations as profit sharing expense.
The Company has a performance-based incentive arrangement for certain Apollo partners and employees designed to more closely align compensation on an annual basis with the overall realized performance of the Company. This arrangement enables certain partners and employees to earn discretionary compensation based on performance revenue earned by the Company in a given year, which amounts are reflected in profit sharing expense in the accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements.
401(k) Savings Plan
The Company sponsors a 401(k) savings plan (the “401(k) Plan”) whereby U.S.-based employees are entitled to participate in the 401(k) Plan based upon satisfying certain eligibility requirements. The Company matches 50% of eligible annual employee contributions up to 3% of the eligible employees’ annual compensation. Matching contributions vest after three years of service.
General, Administrative and Other
General, administrative and other primarily includes professional fees, occupancy, depreciation and amortization, travel, information technology and administration expenses.
Use of Estimates
The preparation of the condensed consolidated financial statements requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities at the date of the condensed consolidated financial statements, the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the condensed consolidated financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting periods. Apollo’s most significant estimates include goodwill, intangible assets, income taxes, performance allocations, incentive fees, contingent consideration obligation related to an acquisition, non-cash compensation, and fair value of investments and debt. Actual results could differ materially from those estimates.
Recent Accounting Pronouncements
In February 2016, the FASB issued guidance that amends the accounting for leases. The amended guidance requires recognition of a lease asset and a lease liability by lessees for leases classified as operating leases. The recognition, measurement, and presentation of expenses and cash flows arising from a lease by a lessee have not significantly changed from existing guidance. The amended guidance is effective for interim and annual reporting periods in fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018. Early application is permitted for all entities. The Company expects its total assets and total liabilities on its condensed consolidated statements of financial condition to increase upon adoption of this guidance as a result of recording a lease asset and lease liability related to our operating leases. The Company is continuing to evaluate the impact that this guidance will have on its condensed consolidated financial statements. The Company expects to adopt the new leasing guidance on January 1, 2019.
In November 2016, the FASB issued guidance to reduce diversity in practice in the classification and presentation of changes in restricted cash on the statements of cash flows. The new guidance requires that a statement of cash flows explain the change during the period in the total of cash, cash equivalents, and amounts generally described as restricted cash. Entities are also required to reconcile such total to amounts on the Company’s condensed consolidated statements of financial condition and disclose the nature of the restrictions. The Company adopted the standard beginning January 1, 2018 using a retrospective transition method to each period presented. Upon adoption of this standard restricted cash and cash and cash equivalents held at consolidated variable interest entities are included within the beginning of period and end of period balances in the Company’s condensed consolidated statements of cash flows. Refer to the Company’s condensed consolidated statements of cash flows for the impact of this standard.
In January 2017, the FASB issued guidance that changes the definition of a business with the objective of adding guidance to assist companies with evaluating whether transactions should be accounted for as acquisitions (or disposals) of assets

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APOLLO GLOBAL MANAGEMENT, LLC
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(dollars in thousands, except share data, except where noted)

or businesses. The guidance is effective for interim and annual periods beginning after December 15, 2017. The adoption of this standard did not have an impact on the condensed consolidated financial statements of the Company.
In January 2017, the FASB issued guidance to simplify the test for goodwill impairment. The new guidance removes the requirement to perform a hypothetical purchase price allocation to measure goodwill impairment (Step 2). Under the new guidance, a goodwill impairment is calculated as the amount by which a reporting unit’s carrying value exceeds its fair value, not to exceed the carrying amount of goodwill in the reporting unit. The guidance is effective for annual or any interim goodwill impairment tests in fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019 and should be performed prospectively. Early adoption is permitted for interim or annual goodwill impairment tests performed after January 1, 2017. The guidance is not expected to have an impact on the condensed consolidated financial statements of the Company.
3. INVESTMENTS
The following table represents Apollo’s investments: 
 
As of
June 30, 2018
 
As of
December 31, 2017
Investments, at fair value
$
917,441

 
$
866,998

Equity method investments
911,942

 
863,906

Performance allocations
1,401,205

 
1,828,930

Total Investments
$
3,230,588

 
$
3,559,834

Investments, at Fair Value
Investments, at fair value, consist of investments for which the fair value option has been elected and primarily include the Company’s investment in Athene Holding and investments in debt of unconsolidated CLOs. Changes in the fair value related to these investments are presented in net gains from investment activities except for certain investments for which the Company is entitled to receive performance allocations. For those investments, changes in fair value are presented in principal investment income.
The Company’s investment in Athene Holding, for which the fair value option was elected, and its equity method investment in Fund VIII met the significance criteria as defined by the SEC for the period ended June 30, 2018. As such, the following table presents summarized financial information of Athene Holding and Fund VIII:
 
For the Three Months Ended June 30,
 
For the Six Months Ended June 30,
 
2018(1)
 
2017
 
2018(1)
 
2017
 
in millions
Statements of Operations
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Revenues
$
1,377

 
$
2,329

 
$
4,401

 
$
4,855

Expenses
712

 
1,471

 
4,150

 
2,741

Income before income tax provision
665

 
858

 
251

 
2,114

Income tax provision
60

 
11

 
95

 
34

Net income
$
605

 
$
847

 
$
156

 
$
2,080

(1)
Certain financial information for the three and six months ended June 30, 2018 is presented a quarter in arrears and reflects the financial information for the three and six months ended March 31, 2018, which represents the latest available financial information as of the date of this report.

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APOLLO GLOBAL MANAGEMENT, LLC
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(dollars in thousands, except share data, except where noted)

Net Gains (Losses) from Investment Activities
The following table presents the realized and net change in unrealized gains (losses) reported in net gains (losses) from investment activities: 
 
For the Three Months Ended June 30,
 
For the Six Months Ended June 30,
 
2018
 
2017
 
2018
 
2017
Realized gains (losses) on sales of investments, net
$
—

 
$
(148
)
 
$
66

 
$
(148
)
Net change in unrealized gains (losses) due to changes in fair value
(67,505
)
 
(365
)
 
(134,704
)
 
34,152

Net gains (losses) from investment activities
$
(67,505
)
 
$
(513
)
 
$
(134,638
)
 
$
34,004

Equity Method Investments
Apollo’s equity method investments include its investments in the credit, private equity and real assets funds it manages, which are not consolidated, but in which the Company exerts significant influence. Apollo’s share of net income generated by these investments is recorded in principal investment income in the condensed consolidated statements of operations.
Equity method investments consisted of the following:
 
Equity Held as of
 
June 30, 2018
(4) 
December 31, 2017
(4) 
Credit(2)
$
403,336

 
$
325,267

 
Private Equity(1)
480,699

 
509,707

 
Real Assets
27,907

 
28,932

 
Total equity method investments(3)
$
911,942

 
$
863,906

 
(1)
The equity method investment in Fund VIII was $385.0 million and $385.7 million as of June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively, representing an ownership percentage of 2.2% and 2.2% as of June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively.
(2)
The equity method investment in AINV was $54.9 million and $56.5 million as of June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively. The value of the Company’s investment in AINV was $49.4 million and $50.2 million based on the quoted market price as of June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively.
(3)
Certain funds invest across multiple segments. The presentation in the table above is based on the classification of the majority of such funds’ investments.
(4)
Some amounts included are a quarter in arrears.
Performance Allocations
Performance allocations from private equity, credit and real assets funds consisted of the following: 
 
As of June 30, 2018
 
As of December 31, 2017
Private Equity
$
981,558

 
$
1,404,777

Credit
394,850

 
395,340

Real Assets
24,797

 
28,813

Total performance allocations
$
1,401,205

 
$
1,828,930


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APOLLO GLOBAL MANAGEMENT, LLC
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(dollars in thousands, except share data, except where noted)

The table below provides a roll forward of the performance allocations balance:
 
 
Private Equity
 
Credit
 
Real Assets
 
Total
Performance allocations, January 1, 2018
$
1,404,777

 
$
395,340

 
$
28,813

 
$
1,828,930

Change in fair value of funds
(87,702
)
 
84,713

 
2,272

 
(717
)
Fund distributions to the Company
(335,517
)
(1) 
(85,203
)
 
(6,288
)
 
(427,008
)
Performance allocations, June 30, 2018
$
981,558

 
$
394,850

 
$
24,797

 
$
1,401,205

(1)
Includes realized performance allocations of $169.9 million from AP Alternative Assets, L.P. (“AAA”), settled in the form of shares of Athene Holding.
The change in fair value of funds excludes the reversal of previously realized performance allocations due to the general partner obligation to return previously distributed performance allocations, which is recorded in due to related parties in the consolidated statements of financial condition. See note 13 for further disclosure regarding the general partner obligation.
The timing of the payment of performance allocations due to the general partner or investment manager varies depending on the terms of the applicable fund agreements. Generally, performance allocations with respect to the private equity funds and certain credit and real assets funds is payable and is distributed to the fund’s general partner upon realization of an investment if the fund’s cumulative returns are in excess of the preferred return.
4. PROFIT SHARING PAYABLE
Profit sharing payable consisted of the following:
 
As of June 30, 2018
 
As of December 31, 2017
Credit
$
270,785

 
$
265,791

Private Equity
377,691

 
475,556

Real Assets
11,431

 
10,929

Total profit sharing payable
$
659,907

 
$
752,276

The table below provides a roll forward of the profit sharing payable balance:
 
Private Equity
 
Credit
 
Real Assets
 
Total
Profit sharing payable, January 1, 2018
$
475,556

 
$
265,791

 
$
10,929

 
$
752,276

Profit sharing expense
4,490

 
51,207

 
1,247

 
56,944

Payments/other(1)
(102,355
)
(2) 
(46,213
)
 
(745
)
 
(149,313
)
Profit sharing payable, June 30, 2018
$
377,691

 
$
270,785

 
$
11,431

 
$
659,907

(1)
Includes $10.6 million associated with the adoption of new revenue recognition accounting guidance, as discussed in note 2.
(2)
Includes $46.6 million associated with profit sharing expense related to AAA that was settled in the form of shares of Athene Holding.
Profit sharing expense includes (i) changes in amounts payable to employees and former employees entitled to a share of performance revenues in Apollo’s funds and (ii) changes to the fair value of the contingent consideration obligations recognized in connection with certain Apollo acquisitions. Profit sharing expense excludes the potential return of profit sharing distributions that would be due if certain funds were liquidated, which is recorded in due from related parties in the consolidated statements of financial condition. See note 13 for further disclosure regarding the potential return of profit sharing distributions.
As discussed in note 2, under certain profit sharing arrangements, the Company requires that a portion of certain of the performance revenues distributed to our employees be used to purchase Class A restricted shares issued under our 2007 Equity Plan. Prior to distribution of the performance revenues, the Company records the value of the equity-based awards expected to be granted in other assets and other liabilities within the condensed consolidated statements of financial condition. See note 7 for further disclosure regarding deferred equity-based compensation.

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Table of Contents
APOLLO GLOBAL MANAGEMENT, LLC
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(dollars in thousands, except share data, except where noted)

5. VARIABLE INTEREST ENTITIES
As described in note 2, the Company consolidates entities that are VIEs for which the Company has been designated as the primary beneficiary. There is no recourse to the Company for the consolidated VIEs’ liabilities.
Consolidated Variable Interest Entities
Apollo has consolidated VIEs in accordance with the policy described in note 2. Through its role as investment manager of these VIEs, the Company determined that Apollo has the power to direct the activities that most significantly impact the economic performance of these VIEs. Additionally, Apollo determined that its interests, both directly and indirectly from these VIEs, represent rights to returns that could potentially be significant to such VIEs. As a result, Apollo determined that it is the primary beneficiary and therefore should consolidate the VIEs.
Certain CLOs are consolidated by Apollo as the Company is considered to hold a controlling financial interest through direct and indirect interests in these CLOs exclusive of management and performance-based fees received. Through its role as collateral manager of these VIEs, the Company determined that Apollo has the power to direct the activities that most significantly impact the economic performance of these VIEs. These CLOs were formed for the sole purpose of issuing collateralized notes to investors. The assets of these VIEs are primarily comprised of senior secured loans and the liabilities are primarily comprised of debt.
The assets of consolidated CLOs are not available to creditors of the Company. In addition, the investors in these consolidated CLOs have no recourse against the assets of the Company. The Company measures both the financial assets and the financial liabilities of the CLOs using the fair value of the financial assets as further described in note 2. The Company has elected the fair value option for financial instruments held by its consolidated CLOs, which includes investments in loans and corporate bonds, as well as debt obligations and contingent obligations held by such consolidated CLOs. Other assets include amounts due from brokers and interest receivables. Other liabilities include payables for securities purchased, which represent open trades within the consolidated CLOs and primarily relate to corporate loans that are expected to settle within 60 days.
Net Gains from Investment Activities of Consolidated Variable Interest Entities
The following table presents net gains from investment activities of the consolidated VIEs:
 
For the Three Months Ended
June 30,
 
For the Six Months Ended
June 30,
 
 
2018
(1) 
2017
(1) 
2018
(1) 
2017
(1) 
Net gains (losses) from investment activities
$
(9
)
 
$
7,526

 
$
5,313

 
$
9,516

 
Net gains from debt
6,824

 
3,567

 
8,174

 
2,684

 
Interest and other income
9,148

 
8,621

 
18,727

 
16,443

 
Interest and other expenses
(6,750
)
 
(13,582
)
 
(16,469
)
 
(18,403
)
 
Net gains from investment activities of consolidated variable interest entities
$
9,213

 
$
6,132

 
$
15,745

 
$
10,240

 
(1)
Amounts reflect consolidation eliminations.

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Table of Contents
APOLLO GLOBAL MANAGEMENT, LLC
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(dollars in thousands, except share data, except where noted)

Senior Secured Notes, Subordinated Notes and Secured Borrowings
Included within debt are amounts due to third-party institutions by the consolidated VIEs. The following table summarizes the principal provisions of the debt of the consolidated VIEs:
 
As of June 30, 2018
 
As of December 31, 2017
 
Principal Outstanding
 
Weighted Average Interest Rate
 
Weighted Average Remaining Maturity in Years
 
Principal Outstanding
 
Weighted Average Interest Rate
 
Weighted Average Remaining Maturity in Years
Senior Secured Notes(2)
$
783,596

 
1.66
%
 
11.7
 
$
806,603

 
1.68
%
 
12.2
Subordinated Notes(2)
97,520

 
N/A

(1) 
21.9
 
100,188

 
N/A

(1) 
22.4
Secured Borrowings(2)(3)
18,976

 
3.20
%
 
9.3
 
109,438

 
2.70
%
 
9.3
Total
$
900,092

 
 
 
 
 
$
1,016,229

 
 
 
 
(1)
The subordinated notes do not have contractual interest rates but instead receive distributions from the excess cash flows of the VIEs.
(2)
The debt of the consolidated VIEs is collateralized by assets of the consolidated VIEs and assets of one vehicle may not be used to satisfy the liabilities of another vehicle. The fair value of the debt and collateralized assets of the Senior Secured Notes, Subordinated Notes and Secured Borrowings are presented below:
 
As of June 30, 2018
 
As of December 31, 2017
Debt at fair value
$
880,215

 
$
1,002,063

Collateralized assets
$
1,299,000

 
$
1,328,586

(3)
Secured borrowings consist of a consolidated VIE’s obligation through a repurchase agreement redeemable at maturity with a third party lender. The fair value of the secured borrowings as of June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017 was $19.0 million and $109.4 million, respectively.
The consolidated VIEs’ debt obligations contain various customary loan covenants. As of June 30, 2018, the Company was not aware of any instances of non-compliance with any of these covenants.
Variable Interest Entities Which are Not Consolidated
The Company holds variable interests in certain VIEs which are not consolidated, as it has been determined that Apollo is not the primary beneficiary.

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Table of Contents
APOLLO GLOBAL MANAGEMENT, LLC
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(dollars in thousands, except share data, except where noted)

The following table presents the carrying amounts of the assets and liabilities of the VIEs for which Apollo has concluded that it holds a significant variable interest, but that it is not the primary beneficiary. In addition, the table presents the maximum exposure to losses relating to these VIEs.
 
As of
June 30, 2018
 
As of
December 31, 2017
Assets:
 
 
 
Cash
$
188,818

 
$
254,791

Investments
4,477,129

 
6,230,397

Receivables
62,831

 
36,601

Total Assets
$
4,728,778

 
$
6,521,789

 
 
 
 
Liabilities:
 
 
 
Debt and other payables
$
3,282,527

 
$
3,285,263

Total Liabilities
$
3,282,527

 
$
3,285,263

 
 
 
 
Apollo Exposure(1)
$
221,346

 
$
252,605

(1)
Represents Apollo’s direct investment in those entities in which Apollo holds a significant variable interest and certain other investments. Additionally, cumulative performance allocations are subject to reversal in the event of future losses, as discussed in note 14.
6. FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS OF FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS
The following tables summarize the Company’s financial assets and financial liabilities recorded at fair value by fair value hierarchy level:
 
As of June 30, 2018
 
Level I
 
Level II
 
Level III
 
Total
 
Cost
Assets
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Investments, at fair value:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Investment in Athene Holding
$
178,042

 
$
637,239

 
$
—

 
$
815,281

 
$
510,784

Investment in Athora Holding
—

 
—

 
25,216

 
25,216

 
26,534

Other investments
—

 
41,289

 
35,655

(1) 
76,944

 
71,737

Total investments, at fair value
178,042

 
678,528

 
60,871

 
917,441

 
609,055

Investments of VIEs, at fair value
—

 
910,276

 
268,623

 
1,178,899

 


Investments of VIEs, valued using NAV
—

 
—

 
—

 
3,872

 
 
Total investments of VIEs, at fair value
—

 
910,276

 
268,623

 
1,182,771

 
 
Derivative assets(2)
—

 
293

 
—

 
293

 
 
Total Assets
$
178,042

 
$
1,589,097

 
$
329,494

 
$
2,100,505

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Liabilities
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Liabilities of VIEs, at fair value
$
—

 
$
880,215

 
$
—

 
$
880,215

 
 
Contingent consideration obligations(3)
—

 
—

 
82,000

 
82,000

 
 
Derivative liabilities(2)
—

 
1,073

 
—

 
1,073

 
 
Total Liabilities
$
—

 
$
881,288

 
$
82,000

 
$
963,288

 
 


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Table of Contents
APOLLO GLOBAL MANAGEMENT, LLC
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(dollars in thousands, except share data, except where noted)

 
As of December 31, 2017
 
Level I
 
Level II
 
Level III
 
Total
 
Cost
Assets
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
U.S. Treasury securities, at fair value
$
364,649

 
$
—

 
$
—

 
$
364,649

 
$
363,812

Investments, at fair value:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Investment in Athene Holding
—

 
802,985

 
—

 
802,985

 
387,526

Other investments
205

 
28,107

 
35,701

 
64,013

 
61,179

Total investments, at fair value
205

 
831,092

 
35,701

 
866,998

 
448,705

Investments of VIEs, at fair value
—

 
1,058,999

 
132,348

 
1,191,347

 


Investments of VIEs, valued using NAV
—

 
—

 
—

 
4,843

 
 
Total investments of VIEs, at fair value
—

 
1,058,999

 
132,348

 
1,196,190

 
 
Derivative assets(2)
—

 
478

 
—

 
478

 
 
Total Assets
$
364,854

 
$
1,890,569

 
$
168,049

 
$
2,428,315

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Liabilities
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Liabilities of VIEs, at fair value
$
—

 
$
1,002,063

 
$
12,620

 
$
1,014,683

 
 
Contingent consideration obligations(3)
—

 
—

 
92,600

 
92,600

 
 
Derivative liabilities(2)
—

 
1,537

 
—

 
1,537

 
 
Total Liabilities
$
—

 
$
1,003,600

 
$
105,220

 
$
1,108,820

 
 
(1)
Other investments excludes $5.0 million of performance allocations classified as Level III related to certain investments for which the Company has elected the fair value option. The Company’s policy is to account for performance allocations as an investment.
(2)
Derivative assets and derivative liabilities are presented as a component of Other assets and Other liabilities, respectively, in the condensed consolidated statements of financial condition.
(3)
Profit sharing payable includes contingent obligations classified as Level III.

There were no transfers of financial assets or liabilities between Level I and Level II for the three and six months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017.
The following tables summarize the changes in financial assets measured at fair value for which Level III inputs have been used to determine fair value:
 
For the Three Months Ended June 30, 2018
 
Investment in Athora Holding
 
Other Investments
 
Investments of Consolidated VIEs
 
Total
Balance, Beginning of Period
$
26,534

 
$
30,758

 
$
293,260

 
$
350,552

Purchases
—

 
—

 
(4,665
)
 
(4,665
)
Sales of investments/distributions
—

 
(1
)
 
(2,544
)
 
(2,545
)
Net realized gains
—

 
2

 
48

 
50

Changes in net unrealized gains (losses)
(1,318
)
 
2,953

 
8,210

 
9,845

Cumulative translation adjustment
—

 
(2,615
)
 
(8,030
)
 
(10,645
)
Transfer into Level III(1)
—

 
4,558

 
—

 
4,558

Transfer out of Level III(1)
—

 
—

 
(17,656
)
 
(17,656
)
Balance, End of Period
$
25,216

 
$
35,655

 
$
268,623

 
$
329,494

Change in net unrealized gains (losses) included in net gains from investment activities related to investments still held at reporting date
$
(1,318
)
 
$
2,955

 
$
—

 
$
1,637

Change in net unrealized gains included in net gains from investment activities of consolidated VIEs related to investments still held at reporting date
—

 
—

 
9,951

 
9,951

(1)
Transfers between Level II and III were a result of subjecting the broker quotes on these financial assets to various criteria which include the number and quality of broker quotes, the standard deviation of obtained broker quotes and the percentage deviation from independent pricing services.

- 27-
Table of Contents
APOLLO GLOBAL MANAGEMENT, LLC
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(dollars in thousands, except share data, except where noted)

 
For the Three Months Ended June 30, 2017
 
Other Investments
 
Investments of Consolidated VIEs
 
Total
Balance, Beginning of Period
$
46,242

 
$
137,344

 
$
183,586

Purchases
4,699

 
42,791

 
47,490

Sale of investments/distributions
(8
)
 
(20,713
)
 
(20,721
)
Net realized gains
—

 
138

 
138

Changes in net unrealized gains (losses)
(324
)
 
4,807

 
4,483

Cumulative translation adjustment
3,113

 
6,299

 
9,412

Balance, End of Period
$
53,722

 
$
170,666

 
$
224,388

Change in net unrealized losses included in net gains from investment activities related to investments still held at reporting date
$
(325
)
 
$
—

 
$
(325
)
Change in net unrealized gains included in net gains from investment activities of consolidated VIEs related to investments still held at reporting date
—

 
5,013

 
5,013

 
For the Six Months Ended June 30, 2018
 
Investment in Athora Holding
 
Other Investments
 
Investments of Consolidated VIEs
 
Total
Balance, Beginning of Period
$
—

 
$
35,701

 
$
132,348

 
$
168,049

Purchases
26,534

 
39,228

 
137,822

 
203,584

Sale of investments/distributions
—

 
(28,316
)
 
(14,205
)
 
(42,521
)
Net realized gains (losses)
—

 
415

 
(1,112
)
 
(697
)
Changes in net unrealized gains (losses)
(1,318
)
 
2,738

 
17,119

 
18,539

Cumulative translation adjustment
—

 
(929
)
 
(4,476
)
 
(5,405
)
Transfer into Level III(1)
—

 
4,558

 
18,783

 
23,341

Transfer out of Level III(1)
—

 
(17,740
)
 
(17,656
)
 
(35,396
)
Balance, End of Period
$
25,216

 
$
35,655

 
$
268,623

 
$
329,494

Change in net unrealized gains (losses) included in net gains (losses) from investment activities related to investments still held at reporting date
$
(1,318
)
 
$
2,738

 
$
—

 
$
1,420

Change in net unrealized gains included in net gains from investment activities of consolidated VIEs related to investments still held at reporting date
—

 
—

 
15,963

 
15,963

 
For the Six Months Ended June 30, 2017
 
Other Investments
 
Investments of Consolidated VIEs
 
Total
Balance, Beginning of Period 
$
45,721

 
$
92,474

 
$
138,195

Purchases
4,699

 
86,240

 
90,939

Sale of investments/distributions
(8
)
 
(32,801
)
 
(32,809
)
Net realized gains (losses)
(14
)
 
186

 
172

Changes in net unrealized gains (losses)
(385
)
 
7,809

 
7,424

Cumulative translation adjustment
3,649

 
7,189

 
10,838

Transfer into Level III(1)
60

 
9,569

 
9,629

Balance, End of Period
$
53,722

 
$
170,666

 
$
224,388

Change in net unrealized losses included in net gains (losses) from investment activities related to investments still held at reporting date
$
(399
)
 
$
—

 
$
(399
)
Change in net unrealized gains included in net gains from investment activities of consolidated VIEs related to investments still held at reporting date
—

 
7,914

 
7,914

(1)
Transfers between Level II and III were a result of subjecting the broker quotes on these financial assets to various criteria which include the number and quality of broker quotes, the standard deviation of obtained broker quotes and the percentage deviation from independent pricing services.

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Table of Contents
APOLLO GLOBAL MANAGEMENT, LLC
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(dollars in thousands, except share data, except where noted)

The following tables summarize the changes in fair value in financial liabilities measured at fair value for which Level III inputs have been used to determine fair value:
 
For the Three Months Ended June 30,
 
2018
 
2017
 
Contingent Consideration Obligations
 
Liabilities of Consolidated VIEs & Apollo Funds
 
Contingent Consideration Obligations
 
Total
Balance, Beginning of Period
$
90,500

 
$
11,227

 
$
87,663

 
$
98,890

Payments
—

 
(35
)
 
(1,865
)
 
(1,900
)
Net realized gains
—

 
(1
)
 
—

 
(1
)
Changes in net unrealized (gains) losses(1)
(8,500
)
 
816

 
1,102

 
1,918

Balance, End of Period
$
82,000

 
$
12,007

 
$
86,900

 
$
98,907

Change in net unrealized gains included in net gains from investment activities of consolidated VIEs related to liabilities still held at reporting date
$
—

 
$
815

 
$
—

 
$
815

(1)
Changes in fair value of contingent consideration obligations are recorded in profit sharing expense in the condensed consolidated statements of operations.
 
For the Six Months Ended June 30,
 
2018
 
2017
 
Liabilities of Consolidated VIEs & Apollo Funds
 
Contingent Consideration Obligations
 
Total
 
Liabilities of Consolidated VIEs & Apollo Funds
 
Contingent Consideration Obligations
 
Total
Balance, Beginning of Period
$
12,620

 
$
92,600

 
$
105,220

 
$
11,055

 
$
106,282

 
$
117,337

Additions
—

 
—

 
—

 
97

 
—

 
97

Payments
(12,620
)
 
(2,564
)
 
(15,184
)
 
(94
)
 
(16,821
)
 
(16,915
)
Net realized gains
—

 
—

 
—

 
(10
)
 
—

 
(10
)
Changes in net unrealized gains (losses)(1)
—

 
(8,036
)
 
(8,036
)
 
959

 
(2,561
)
 
(1,602
)
Balance, End of Period
$
—

 
$
82,000

 
$
82,000

 
$
12,007

 
$
86,900

 
$
98,907

Change in net unrealized gains (losses) included in net gains from investment activities of consolidated VIEs related to liabilities still held at reporting date
$
—

 
$
—

 
$
—

 
$
952

 
$
—

 
$
952

(1)
Changes in fair value of contingent consideration obligations are recorded in profit sharing expense in the condensed consolidated statements of operations.
The following tables summarize the quantitative inputs and assumptions used for financial assets and liabilities categorized as Level III under the fair value hierarchy:
 
As of June 30, 2018
 
Fair Value
 
Valuation Techniques
 
Unobservable Inputs
 
Ranges
 
Weighted Average
Financial Assets
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Investment in Athora Holding
$
25,216

 
Cost(1)
 
N/A
 
N/A
 
N/A
Other investments
6,938

 
Third Party Pricing
 
N/A
 
N/A
 
N/A
28,717

 
Discounted cash flow
 
Discount rate
 
16.0%
 
16.0%
Investments of consolidated VIEs:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Equity securities
268,623

 
Book value multiple
 
Book value multiple
 
0.59x
 
0.59x
 
Discounted cash flow
 
Discount rate
 
13.4%
 
13.4%
Total Financial Assets
$
329,494

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Financial Liabilities
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Contingent consideration obligation
$
82,000

 
Discounted cash flow
 
Discount rate
 
16.8%
 
16.8%
Total Financial Liabilities
$
82,000

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

- 29-
Table of Contents
APOLLO GLOBAL MANAGEMENT, LLC
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(dollars in thousands, except share data, except where noted)

 
As of December 31, 2017
 
Fair Value
 
Valuation Techniques
 
Unobservable Inputs
 
Ranges
 
Weighted Average
Financial Assets
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Other investments
$
20,641

 
Third party pricing
 
N/A
 
N/A
 
N/A
15,060

 
Cost(1)
 
N/A
 
N/A
 
N/A
Investments of consolidated VIEs:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Corporate loans/bonds/CLO notes
6,824

 
Third party pricing
 
N/A
 
N/A
 
N/A
Equity securities
125,524

 
Book value multiple
 
Book value multiple
 
0.71x
 
0.71x
 
Discounted cash flow
 
Discount rate
 
13.4%
 
13.4%
Total investments of consolidated VIEs
132,348

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Total Financial Assets
$
168,049

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Financial Liabilities
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Liabilities of consolidated VIEs
$
12,620

 
Other
 
N/A
 
N/A
 
N/A
Contingent consideration obligation
92,600

 
Discounted cash flow
 
Discount rate
 
17.3%
 
17.3%
Total Financial Liabilities
$
105,220

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(1)    The valuation technique used is cost as it approximates the fair value of the investment.
Fair Value Measurement of Investment in Athene Holding
As of June 30, 2018 the fair value of Apollo’s Level I investment in Athene Holding was estimated using the closing market price of Athene Holding shares of $43.84. As of June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017 the fair value of Apollo’s Level II investment in Athene Holding was estimated using the closing market price of Athene Holding shares of $43.84 and $51.71, respectively, less a discount due to a lack of marketability (“DLOM”) of 3.8% and 4.0%, respectively, as applicable. The DLOM was derived based on the average remaining lock up restrictions on the shares of Athene Holding held by Apollo (5.3 months and 11.3 months as of June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively) and the estimated volatility in such shares of Athene Holding. Due to the limited trading history in Athene Holding shares, the historical share price volatility of a representative set of Athene Holding’s publicly traded insurance peers was calculated over a period equivalent to the remaining average lock up on the shares of Athene Holding held by Apollo and used as a proxy to estimate the projected volatility in Athene Holding’s shares.
Apollo uses the closing market price of shares of Athene Holding, adjusted for a DLOM in order to reflect the post initial public offering (“IPO”) sales restriction on such shares of Athene Holding, to value the opportunistic investment in Athene Holding. The DLOM is calculated based on the remaining length of such sales restrictions and the estimated market price volatility of the associated shares.
Discounted Cash Flow Model
When a discounted cash flow model is used to determine fair value, the significant input used in the valuation model is the discount rate applied to present value the projected cash flows. Increases in the discount rate can significantly lower the fair value of an investment and the contingent consideration obligations; conversely decreases in the discount rate can significantly increase the fair value of an investment and the contingent consideration obligations.
Consolidated VIEs
Investments
As of June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, the significant unobservable inputs used in the fair value measurement of the equity securities include the discount rate applied and the book value multiples applied in the valuation models. These unobservable inputs in isolation can cause significant increases or decreases in fair value. The discount rate is determined based on the market rates an investor would expect for a similar investment with similar risks. When a comparable multiple model is used to determine fair value, the comparable multiples are generally multiplied by the underlying companies’ earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization (“EBITDA”) to establish the total enterprise value of the company. The comparable multiple is determined based on the implied trading multiple of public industry peers.

- 30-
Table of Contents
APOLLO GLOBAL MANAGEMENT, LLC
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(dollars in thousands, except share data, except where noted)

Liabilities
As of June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, the debt obligations of the consolidated CLOs were measured on the basis of the fair value of the financial assets of the CLOs as the financial assets were determined to be more observable and, as a result, categorized as Level II in the fair value hierarchy.
Contingent Consideration Obligations
The significant unobservable input used in the fair value measurement of the contingent consideration obligations is the discount rate applied in the valuation models. This input in isolation can cause significant increases or decreases in fair value. The discount rate was based on the hypothetical cost of equity in connection with the acquisition of Stone Tower Capital, LLC (together with its related management companies, “Stone Tower”). See note 14 for further discussion of the contingent consideration obligations.
Valuation of Underlying Investments of Equity Method Investees
As discussed previously, the underlying entities that the Company manages and invests in are primarily investment companies which account for their investments at estimated fair value.
On a quarterly basis, Apollo utilizes valuation committees consisting of members from senior management, to review and approve the valuation results related to the investments of the funds it manages. For certain publicly traded vehicles managed by the Company, a review is performed by an independent board of directors. The Company also retains independent valuation firms to provide third-party valuation consulting services to Apollo, which consist of certain limited procedures that management identifies and requests them to perform. The limited procedures provided by the independent valuation firms assist management with validating their valuation results or determining fair value. The Company performs various back-testing procedures to validate their valuation approaches, including comparisons between expected and observed outcomes, forecast evaluations and variance analyses. However, because of the inherent uncertainty of valuation, those estimated values may differ significantly from the values that would have been used had a ready market for the investments existed, and the differences could be material.
Credit Investments
The majority of investments in Apollo’s credit funds are valued based on quoted market prices and valuation models. Quoted market prices are valued based on the average of the “bid” and the “ask” quotes provided by multiple brokers wherever possible without any adjustments. Apollo will designate certain brokers to use to value specific securities. In order to determine the designated brokers, Apollo considers the following: (i) brokers with which Apollo has previously transacted, (ii) the underwriter of the security and (iii) active brokers indicating executable quotes. In addition, when valuing a security based on broker quotes wherever possible Apollo tests the standard deviation amongst the quotes received and the variance between the concluded fair value and the value provided by a pricing service. When broker quotes are not available Apollo considers the use of pricing service quotes or other sources to mark a position. When relying on a pricing service as a primary source, Apollo (i) analyzes how the price has moved over the measurement period, (ii) reviews the number of brokers included in the pricing service’s population and (iii) validates the valuation levels with Apollo’s pricing team and traders.
Debt and equity securities that are not publicly traded or whose market prices are not readily available are valued at fair value utilizing a model based approach to determine fair value. Valuation approaches used to estimate the fair value of illiquid credit investments also may include the market approach and the income approach, as previously described above. The valuation approaches used consider, as applicable, market risks, credit risks, counterparty risks and foreign currency risks.
Private Equity Investments
The fair value of liquid investments in Apollo’s private equity funds, where the primary market is an exchange (whether foreign or domestic) is determined using period end market prices. Such prices are generally based on the close price on the date of determination.
Valuation approaches used to estimate the fair value of investments in Apollo’s private equity funds that are less liquid include the market approach and the income approach. The market approach provides an indication of fair value based on a comparison of the subject company to comparable publicly traded companies and transactions in the industry. The market approach is driven more by current market conditions, including actual trading levels of similar companies and, to the extent available, actual transaction data of similar companies. Judgment is required by management when assessing which companies are similar to the

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APOLLO GLOBAL MANAGEMENT, LLC
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(dollars in thousands, except share data, except where noted)

subject company being valued. Consideration may also be given to such factors as the Company’s historical and projected financial data, valuations given to comparable companies, the size and scope of the Company’s operations, the Company’s strengths, weaknesses, expectations relating to the market’s receptivity to an offering of the Company’s securities, applicable restrictions on transfer, industry and market information and assumptions, general economic and market conditions and other factors deemed relevant. The income approach provides an indication of fair value based on the present value of cash flows that a business or security is expected to generate in the future. The most widely used methodology in the income approach is a discounted cash flow method. Inherent in the discounted cash flow method are assumptions of expected results, the determination of a terminal value and a calculated discount rate.
Real Assets Investments
The estimated fair value of commercial mortgage-backed securities (“CMBS”) in Apollo’s real assets funds is determined by reference to market prices provided by certain dealers who make a market in these financial instruments. Broker quotes are only indicative of fair value and may not necessarily represent what the funds would receive in an actual trade for the applicable instrument. Additionally, the loans held-for-investment are stated at the principal amount outstanding, net of deferred loan fees and costs for certain investments. The loans in Apollo’s real assets funds are evaluated for possible impairment on a quarterly basis. For Apollo’s real assets funds, valuations of non-marketable underlying investments are determined using methods that include, but are not limited to (i) discounted cash flow estimates or comparable analysis prepared internally, (ii) third party appraisals or valuations by qualified real estate appraisers and (iii) contractual sales value of investments/properties subject to bona fide purchase contracts. Methods (i) and (ii) also incorporate consideration of the use of the income, cost, or sales comparison approaches of estimating property values.
Certain of the credit, private equity, and real assets funds may also enter into foreign currency exchange contracts, total return swap contracts, credit default swap contracts, and other derivative contracts, which may include options, caps, collars and floors. Foreign currency exchange contracts are marked-to-market by recognizing the difference between the contract exchange rate and the current market rate as unrealized appreciation or depreciation. If securities are held at the end of the period, the changes in value are recorded in income as unrealized. Realized gains or losses are recognized when contracts are settled. Total return swap and credit default swap contracts are recorded at fair value as an asset or liability with changes in fair value recorded as unrealized appreciation or depreciation. Realized gains or losses are recognized at the termination of the contract based on the difference between the close-out price of the total return or credit default swap contract and the original contract price. Forward contracts are valued based on market rates obtained from counterparties or prices obtained from recognized financial data service providers.
7. OTHER ASSETS
Other assets consisted of the following:
 
As of
June 30, 2018
 
As of
December 31, 2017
Fixed assets
$
103,191

 
$
102,694

Less: Accumulated depreciation and amortization
(84,938
)
 
(83,510
)
Fixed assets, net
18,253

 
19,184

Prepaid expenses
173,742

 
189,542

Tax receivables
10,474

 
9,236

Other
7,013

 
13,795

Total Other Assets
$
209,482

 
$
231,757

Prepaid expenses includes $116.5 million and $135.0 million as of June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively, of deferred equity-based compensation related to the value of the equity-based awards that have been or are expected to be granted in connection with the settlement of certain profit sharing arrangements. A corresponding amount for awards expected to be granted of $93.3 million and $124.3 million, as of June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively, is included in other liabilities on the condensed consolidated statements of financial condition.
Depreciation expense was $2.1 million and $2.2 million for the three months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively, and $4.2 million and $4.4 million for the six months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively, and is presented as a component of general, administrative and other expense in the condensed consolidated statements of operations.

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APOLLO GLOBAL MANAGEMENT, LLC
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(dollars in thousands, except share data, except where noted)

8. INCOME TAXES
The Company’s income tax (provision) benefit totaled $(18.9) million and $0.8 million for the three months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively, and $(27.5) million and $(38.4) million for the six months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively. The Company’s effective tax rate was approximately 11.6% and (0.4)% for the three months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively, and 44.4% and 6.5% for the six months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively.
The Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (the “TCJA”) was signed into law on December 22, 2017 and includes a broad range of tax reforms including a reduction in the corporate income tax rate to 21% from 35% effective January 1, 2018. In situations where the accounting for the income tax effects of the TJCA are incomplete by the time the company issues its financial statements (but the company can determine a reasonable estimate for those effects), the company can report provisional amounts that would be subject to adjustment during a measurement period until the accounting is complete. These amounts are subject to change as we obtain information necessary to complete the calculations. We will recognize any changes to the provisional amounts as we refine our estimates. We expect to complete our analysis of the provisional items during the second half of 2018. The effects of other provisions of the TCJA are not expected to have a material impact on our condensed consolidated financial statements.
Under U.S. GAAP, a tax benefit from an uncertain tax position may be recognized when it is more likely than not that the position will be sustained upon examination, including resolutions of any related appeals or litigation processes, based on the technical merits of the position. Based upon the Company’s review of its federal, state, local and foreign income tax returns and tax filing positions, the Company determined that no unrecognized tax benefits for uncertain tax positions were required to be recorded. In addition, the Company does not believe that it has any tax positions for which it is reasonably possible that it will be required to record significant amounts of unrecognized tax benefits within the next twelve months.
The Company’s primary jurisdictions in which it operates are the United States, New York State, New York City, California and the United Kingdom. There are no unremitted earnings with respect to the United Kingdom and other foreign entities due to the flow-through nature of these entities.
In the normal course of business, the Company is subject to examination by federal and certain state, local and foreign tax authorities. With a few exceptions, as of June 30, 2018, the Company’s U.S. federal, state, local and foreign income tax returns for the years 2014 through 2017 are open under the general statute of limitations provisions and therefore subject to examination. Currently, the Internal Revenue Service is examining the tax return of certain subsidiaries for the 2011 tax year. The State and City of New York are examining certain subsidiaries’ tax returns for tax years 2011 to 2016.
The Company has recorded a deferred tax asset for the future amortization of tax basis intangibles as a result of the 2007 Reorganization. The Company recorded additional deferred tax assets as a result of the step-up in tax basis of intangibles from subsequent exchanges of AOG Units for Class A shares. A related tax receivable agreement liability is recorded in due to related parties in the condensed consolidated statements of financial condition for the expected payments under the tax receivable agreement entered into by and among APO Corp., the Managing Partners, the Contributing Partners, and other parties thereto (as amended, the “tax receivable agreement”) (see note 13). The benefit the Company obtains from the difference in the tax asset recognized and the related liability results in an increase to additional paid in capital. The amortization period for these tax basis intangibles is 15 years and the deferred tax assets will reverse over the same period.
The table below presents the impact to the deferred tax asset, tax receivable agreement liability and additional paid in capital related to the exchange of AOG Units for Class A shares.
Exchange of AOG Units
for Class A shares
 
Increase in Deferred Tax Asset
 
Increase in Tax Receivable Agreement Liability
 
Increase to Additional Paid In Capital
For the Six Months Ended June 30, 2018
 
$
47,009

 
$
39,605

 
$
7,404

For the Six Months Ended June 30, 2017
 
$
39,298

 
$
29,839

 
$
9,459


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APOLLO GLOBAL MANAGEMENT, LLC
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(dollars in thousands, except share data, except where noted)

9. DEBT
Debt consisted of the following:
 
As of June 30, 2018
 
As of December 31, 2017
 
Outstanding
Balance
 
Fair Value
 
Annualized
Weighted
Average
Interest Rate
 
Outstanding
Balance
 
Fair Value
 
Annualized
Weighted
Average
Interest Rate
2013 AMH Credit Facilities - Term Facility(1)
$
—

 
$
—

 
N/A

 
$
299,655

 
$
298,875

(3) 
2.33
%
2024 Senior Notes(1)
496,185

 
496,700

(4) 
4.00
%
 
495,860

 
511,096

(4) 
4.00

2026 Senior Notes(1)
495,935

 
499,249

(4) 
4.40

 
495,678

 
525,273

(4) 
4.40

2048 Senior Notes(1)
296,324

 
298,143

(4) 
5.00

 
—

 
—

 
—

2014 AMI Term Facility I(2)
15,933

 
16,011

(3) 
2.00

 
16,399

 
16,482

(3) 
2.00

2014 AMI Term Facility II(2)
17,996

 
18,092

(3) 
1.75

 
18,548

 
18,605

(3) 
1.75

2016 AMI Term Facility I(2)
19,800

 
19,800

(3) 
1.35

 
20,372

 
20,372

(3) 
1.75

2016 AMI Term Facility II(2)
15,467

 
15,469

(3) 
2.00

 
15,890

 
15,931

(3) 
2.00

Total Debt
$
1,357,640

 
$
1,363,464

 
 
 
$
1,362,402

 
$
1,406,634

 
 
 
(1)
Includes amortization of note discount, as applicable. Outstanding balance is presented net of unamortized debt issuance costs:
 
As of June 30, 2018
 
As of December 31, 2017
2013 AMH Credit Facilities - Term Facility
$
—

 
$
345

2024 Senior Notes
3,222

 
3,498

2026 Senior Notes
3,717

 
3,951

2048 Senior Notes
3,354

 
—

(2)
Apollo Management International LLP (“AMI”), a subsidiary of the Company, entered into five year credit agreements to fund the Company’s investment in certain European CLOs it manages.
Facility
 
Date
 
Loan Amount
2014 AMI Term Facility I
 
July 3, 2014
 
€
13,636

2014 AMI Term Facility II
 
December 9, 2014
 
€
15,400

2016 AMI Term Facility I
 
January 18, 2016
 
€
16,945

2016 AMI Term Facility II
 
June 22, 2016
 
€
13,236

(3)
Fair value is based on obtained broker quotes. These notes are classified as a Level III liability within the fair value hierarchy based on the number and quality of broker quotes obtained, the standard deviations of the observed broker quotes and the percentage deviation from independent pricing services. For instances where broker quotes are not available, a discounted cash flow method is used to obtain a fair value.
(4)
Fair value is based on obtained broker quotes. These notes are classified as a Level II liability within the fair value hierarchy based on the number and quality of broker quotes obtained, the standard deviations of the observed broker quotes and the percentage deviation from independent pricing services.
2013 AMH Credit Facilities—On December 18, 2013, AMH and its subsidiaries and certain other subsidiaries of the Company (collectively, the “Borrowers”) entered into new credit facilities (the “2013 AMH Credit Facilities”) with JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. The 2013 AMH Credit Facilities provide for (i) a term loan facility to AMH (the “Term Facility”) that includes $750 million of the term loan from third-party lenders and $271.7 million of the term loan held by a subsidiary of the Company and (ii) a $500 million revolving credit facility (the “Revolver Facility”), in each case, with an original maturity date of January 18, 2019. On March 11, 2016, the maturity date of both the Term Facility and the Revolver Facility was extended by two years to January 18, 2021. The extension was determined to be a modification of the 2013 AMH Credit Facilities in accordance with U.S. GAAP.
In connection with the issuance of the 2024 Senior Notes, the 2026 Senior Notes and the 2048 Senior Notes (as defined below), $250 million, $200 million and $300 million of the proceeds, respectively, were used to repay the entire remaining amount

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APOLLO GLOBAL MANAGEMENT, LLC
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(dollars in thousands, except share data, except where noted)

of the Term Facility as of June 30, 2018. The Revolver Facility is to remain available until its maturity, and any undrawn revolving commitments bear a commitment fee. The commitment fee on the $500 million undrawn Revolver Facility as of June 30, 2018 was 0.125%.
Borrowings under the Revolver Facility may be used for working capital and general corporate purposes, including, without limitation, permitted acquisitions. In addition, the Borrowers may incur incremental facilities in respect of the Revolver Facility and the Term Facility in an aggregate amount not to exceed $500 million plus additional amounts so long as the Borrowers are in compliance with a net leverage ratio not to exceed 3.75 to 1.00. As of June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, the Revolver Facility was undrawn.
2024 Senior Notes—On May 30, 2014, AMH issued $500 million in aggregate principal amount of its 4.000% Senior Notes due 2024 (the “2024 Senior Notes”), at an issue price of 99.722% of par. Interest on the 2024 Senior Notes is payable semi-annually in arrears on May 30 and November 30 of each year. The 2024 Senior Notes will mature on May 30, 2024. The discount is amortized into interest expense on the condensed consolidated statements of operations over the term of the 2024 Senior Notes. The face amount of $500 million related to the 2024 Senior Notes is the amount for which the Company is obligated to settle the 2024 Senior Notes.
2026 Senior Notes—On May 27, 2016, AMH issued $500 million in aggregate principal amount of its 4.400% Senior Notes due 2026 (the “2026 Senior Notes”), at an issue price of 99.912% of par. Interest on the 2026 Senior Notes is payable semi-annually in arrears on May 27 and November 27 of each year. The 2026 Senior Notes will mature on May 27, 2026. The discount is amortized into interest expense on the condensed consolidated statements of operations over the term of the 2026 Senior Notes. The face amount of $500 million related to the 2026 Senior Notes is the amount for which the Company is obligated to settle the 2026 Senior Notes.
2048 Senior Notes—On March 15, 2018, AMH issued $300 million in aggregate principal amount of its 5.000% Senior Notes due 2048 (the “2048 Senior Notes”), at an issue price of 99.892% of par. Interest on the 2048 Senior Notes is payable semi-annually in arrears on March 15 and September 15 of each year. The 2048 Senior Notes will mature on March 15, 2048. The discount is amortized into interest expense on the condensed consolidated statements of operations over the term of the 2048 Senior Notes. The face amount of $300 million related to the 2048 Senior Notes is the amount for which the Company is obligated to settle the 2048 Senior Notes.
As of June 30, 2018, the indentures governing the 2024 Senior Notes, the 2026 Senior Notes and the 2048 Senior Notes (the “Indentures”) include covenants that restrict the ability of AMH and, as applicable, the guarantors of the notes under the Indentures to incur indebtedness secured by liens on voting stock or profit participating equity interests of their respective subsidiaries or merge, consolidate or sell, transfer or lease assets. The Indentures also provide for customary events of default.
The following table presents the interest expense incurred related to the Company’s debt:
 
For the Three Months Ended June 30,
 
For the Six Months Ended June 30,
 
2018
 
2017
 
2018
 
2017
Interest Expense:(1)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
2013 AMH Term Facility
$
280

 
$
2,047

 
$
2,244

 
$
3,959

2024 Senior Notes
5,163

 
5,163

 
10,326

 
10,326

2026 Senior Notes
5,628

 
5,628

 
11,256

 
11,256

2048 Senior Notes
3,778

 
—

 
4,445

 
—

AMI Term Facilities
313

 
357

 
688

 
653

Total Interest Expense
$
15,162

 
$
13,195

 
$
28,959

 
$
26,194

(1)
Debt issuance costs incurred in connection with the Term Facility, the 2024 Senior Notes, the 2026 Senior Notes and the 2048 Senior Notes are amortized into interest expense over the term of the debt arrangement.

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APOLLO GLOBAL MANAGEMENT, LLC
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(dollars in thousands, except share data, except where noted)

10. NET INCOME (LOSS) PER CLASS A SHARE
The table below presents basic and diluted net income (loss) per Class A share using the two-class method:
 
Basic and Diluted
 
 
For the Three Months Ended June 30,
 
For the Six Months Ended June 30,
 
 
2018
 
2017
 
2018
 
2017
 
Numerator:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net income attributable to Apollo Global Management, LLC Class A Shareholders
$
54,658

  
$
86,908

 
$
(7,987
)
 
$
232,104

 
Distributions declared on Class A shares(1)
(76,602
)
 
(94,451
)
 
(209,625
)
 
(178,666
)
 
Distributions on participating securities(2)
(4,153
)
 
(3,295
)
 
(9,537
)
 
(6,154
)
 
Earnings allocable to participating securities
—

(3) 
—

(3) 
—

(3) 
(1,760
)
 
Undistributed income (loss) attributable to Class A shareholders: Basic and Diluted
$
(26,097
)
  
$
(10,838
)
 
$
(227,149
)
 
$
45,524

 
Denominator:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Weighted average number of Class A shares outstanding: Basic and Diluted
200,711,475

 
190,591,756

 
199,578,334

 
188,564,562

 
Net Income (Loss) per Class A Share: Basic and Diluted(4)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Distributed Income
$
0.38

  
$
0.49

 
$
1.04

 
$
0.94

 
Undistributed Income (Loss)
(0.13
)
  
(0.05
)
 
(1.13
)
 
0.25

 
Net Income (Loss) per Class A Share: Basic and Diluted
$
0.25

  
$
0.44

 
$
(0.09
)
  
$
1.19

 
(1)
See note 12 for information regarding the quarterly distributions declared and paid during 2018 and 2017.
(2)
Participating securities consist of vested and unvested RSUs that have rights to distributions and unvested restricted shares.
(3)
No allocation of undistributed losses was made to the participating securities as the holders do not have a contractual obligation to share in the losses of the Company with Class A shareholders.
(4)
For the three and six months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017, all of the classes of securities were determined to be anti-dilutive.
The Company has granted RSUs that provide the right to receive, subject to vesting during continued employment, Class A shares pursuant to the Company’s 2007 Omnibus Equity Incentive Plan (the “2007 Equity Plan”). The Company has three types of RSU grants, which we refer to as Plan Grants, Bonus Grants, and Performance Grants. “Plan Grants” vest over time (generally up to six years) and may or may not provide the right to receive distribution equivalents on vested RSUs on an equal basis with the Class A shareholders any time a distribution is declared. “Bonus Grants” vest over time (generally three years) and generally provide the right to receive distribution equivalents on both vested and unvested RSUs on an equal basis with the Class A shareholders any time a distribution is declared. “Performance Grants” vest over time (generally five years), subject to the availability of sufficient net performance revenues in accordance with the applicable RSU award agreement. Performance Grants provide the right to receive distribution equivalents on vested RSUs and may also provide the right to receive distribution equivalents on unvested RSUs.
Any distribution equivalent paid to an employee will not be returned to the Company upon forfeiture of the award by the employee. Vested and unvested RSUs that are entitled to non-forfeitable distribution equivalents qualify as participating securities and are included in the Company’s basic and diluted earnings per share computations using the two-class method. The holder of an RSU participating security would have a contractual obligation to share in the losses of the entity if the holder is obligated to fund the losses of the issuing entity or if the contractual principal or mandatory redemption amount of the participating security is reduced as a result of losses incurred by the issuing entity. The RSU participating securities do not have a mandatory redemption amount and the holders of the participating securities are not obligated to fund losses, therefore, neither the vested RSUs nor the unvested RSUs are subject to any contractual obligation to share in losses of the Company.
Holders of AOG Units are subject to the transfer restrictions set forth in the agreements with the respective holders and may, a limited number of times each year, upon notice (subject to the terms of the Exchange Agreement), exchange their AOG Units for Class A shares on a one-for-one basis. An AOG Unit holder must exchange one unit in each of the Apollo Operating Group partnerships to effectuate an exchange for one Class A share.

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APOLLO GLOBAL MANAGEMENT, LLC
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(dollars in thousands, except share data, except where noted)

Apollo Global Management, LLC has one Class B share outstanding, which is held by BRH Holdings GP, Ltd. (“BRH”). The voting power of the Class B share is reduced on a one vote per one AOG Unit basis in the event of an exchange of AOG Units for Class A shares, as discussed above. The Class B share has no net income (loss) per share as it does not participate in Apollo’s earnings (losses) or distributions. The Class B share has no distribution or liquidation rights. The Class B share has voting rights on a pari passu basis with the Class A shares. The Class B share represented 52.4% and 54.5% of the total voting power of the Company’s shares entitled to vote as of June 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively.
The following table summarizes the anti-dilutive securities.
 
For the Three Months Ended June 30,
 
For the Six Months Ended June 30,
 
2018
 
2017
 
2018
 
2017
Weighted average vested RSUs
111,995

 
224,100

 
641,282

 
728,892

Weighted average unvested RSUs
8,350,200

 
6,555,432

 
8,085,325

 
6,403,785

Weighted average unexercised options
204,167

 
210,420

 
204,167

 
216,670

Weighted average AOG Units outstanding
202,559,221

 
211,895,190

 
203,562,398

 
213,591,049

Weighted average unvested restricted shares
871,010

 
244,503

 
770,400

 
159,432

11. EQUITY-BASED COMPENSATION
Equity-based awards granted to employees as compensation are measured based on the grant date fair value of the award. Equity-based awards that do not require future service (i.e., vested awards) are expensed immediately. Equity-based employee awards that require future service are expensed over the relevant service period. Equity-based awards that require performance metrics to be met are only expensed when the performance metric is met or deemed probable. Equity-based awards granted to non-employees for services provided to related parties are remeasured to fair value at the end of each reporting period and expensed over the relevant service period.
RSUs
The Company grants RSUs under the 2007 Equity Plan. The fair value of all grants is based on the grant date fair value, which considers the public share price of the Company’s Class A shares subject to certain discounts, as applicable. The following table summarizes the weighted average discounts for Plan Grants, Bonus Grants and Performance Grants.
 
For the Three Months Ended June 30,
 
For the Six Months Ended June 30,
 
2018
 
2017
 
2018
 
2017
Plan Grants:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Discount for the lack of distributions until vested(1)
14.2
%
 
13.5
%
 
13.1
%
 
11.2
%
Marketability discount for transfer restrictions(2)
4.0
%
 
4.7
%
 
3.9
%
 
3.3
%
Bonus Grants:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Marketability discount for transfer restrictions(2)
N/A

 
2.3
%
 
2.3
%
 
2.3
%
Performance Grants:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Marketability discount for transfer restrictions(2)
5.8
%
 
N/A

 
5.6
%
 
N/A

(1)
Based on the present value of a growing annuity calculation.
(2)
Based on the Finnerty Model calculation.
The estimated total grant date fair value for Plan Grants and Bonus Grants is charged to compensation expense on a straight-line basis over the vesting period, which for Plan Grants is generally up to six years, with the first installment vesting one year after grant and quarterly vesting thereafter, and for Bonus Grants is generally annual vesting over three years.
During the six months ended June 30, 2018, the Company granted 4.3 million RSUs to certain executives with a grant date fair value of $140.6 million, which vest over time (generally 5 years) subject to the availability of sufficient net performance revenues in accordance with the applicable RSU award agreement. In accordance with U.S. GAAP, equity-based compensation expense for such awards is recognized on an accelerated recognition method over the requisite service period to the extent the

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APOLLO GLOBAL MANAGEMENT, LLC
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(dollars in thousands, except share data, except where noted)

performance metrics are met or deemed probable. Accordingly, for the three and six months ended June 30, 2018, equity-based compensation expense of $14.5 million and $26.9 million, respectively, was recognized relating to these RSUs.
The fair value of all RSU grants made during the six months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017 was $198.6 million and $22.2 million, respectively.
The following table presents the forfeiture rate and equity-based compensation expense recognized:
 
For the Three Months Ended June 30,
 
For the Six Months Ended June 30,
 
2018
 
2017
 
2018
 
2017
Actual forfeiture rate
3.7
%
 
4.0
%
 
7.8
%
 
7.6
%
Equity-based compensation
$
31,630

 
$
16,670

 
$
62,377

 
$
33,701

The following table summarizes RSU activity:
 
Unvested
 
Weighted  Average Grant Date Fair Value
 
Vested
 
Total Number of RSUs Outstanding
 
Balance at January 1, 2018
6,262,288

 
$
15.58

 
2,802,277

 
9,064,565

(1) 
Granted
6,107,842

 
32.51

 
—

 
6,107,842

 
Forfeited
(965,216
)
 
17.21

 
—

 
(965,216
)
 
Vested
(752,204
)
 
19.84

 
752,204

 
—

 
Issued
—

 
18.39

 
(3,186,284
)
 
(3,186,284
)
 
Balance at June 30, 2018
10,652,710

(2)
$
24.84

 
368,197

 
11,020,907

(1) 
 
(1)
Amount excludes RSUs which have vested and have been issued in the form of Class A shares.
(2)
RSUs were expected to vest over the weighted average period of 3.0 years.
Restricted Share Awards
The Company has granted restricted share awards under the 2007 Equity Plan primarily in connection with certain profit sharing arrangements. The fair value of restricted share grants is the public share price of the Company’s Class A shares on the grant date. The grant date fair value of these awards is recognized as equity-based compensation expense on a straight-line basis over the vesting period.
The fair value of restricted share award grants made during the six months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017 was $19.0 million and $7.2 million, respectively.
The following table presents the equity-based compensation expense recognized:
 
For the Three Months Ended June 30,
 
For the Six Months Ended June 30,
 
2018
 
2017
 
2018
 
2017
Equity-based compensation
$
3,342

 
$
1,279

 
$
5,538

 
$
2,336

Restricted Share Awards—Athene Holding
The Company has granted Athene Holding restricted share awards to certain employees of the Company. Separately, Athene Holding has also granted restricted share awards to certain employees of the Company. Both awards are collectively referred to as the “AHL Awards”. Certain of the AHL Awards function similarly to options as they are exchangeable for Class A shares of Athene Holding upon payment of a conversion price and the satisfaction of certain other conditions. The awards granted are either subject to time-based vesting conditions that generally vest over three to five years or vest upon achieving certain metrics, such as attainment of certain rates of return and realized cash received by certain investors in Athene Holding upon sale of their shares.
The Company records the AHL Awards in other assets and other liabilities in the condensed consolidated statements of financial condition. The fair value of the asset is amortized through equity-based compensation over the vesting period. The

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APOLLO GLOBAL MANAGEMENT, LLC
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(dollars in thousands, except share data, except where noted)

fair value of the liability is remeasured each period with any changes in fair value recorded in compensation expense in the condensed consolidated statements of operations. For AHL Awards granted by Athene Holding, compensation expense related to amortization of the asset is offset, with certain exceptions, by related management fees earned by the Company from Athene.
The grant date fair value of the AHL Awards is based on the share price of Athene Holding, less discounts for transfer restrictions. The AHL Awards that function similarly to options were valued using a multiple-scenario model, which considers the price volatility of the underlying share price of Athene Holding, time to expiration and the risk-free rate, while the other awards were valued using the share price of Athene Holding less any discounts for transfer restrictions.
The following table summarizes the management fees, equity-based compensation expense and actual forfeiture rates for the AHL Awards:
 
For the Three Months Ended June 30,
 
For the Six Months Ended June 30,
 
2018
 
2017
 
2018
 
2017
Management fees
$
(1,009
)
 
$
74

 
$
(1,887
)
 
$
2,138

Equity-based compensation
(1,353
)
 
551

 
(2,273
)
 
3,455

Actual forfeiture rate
3.6
%
 
—
%
 
3.6
%
 
—
%
Equity-Based Compensation Allocation
Equity-based compensation is allocated based on ownership interests. Therefore, the amortization of equity-based compensation is allocated to shareholders’ equity attributable to AGM and the Non-Controlling Interests, which results in a difference in the amounts charged to equity-based compensation expense and the amounts credited to shareholders’ equity attributable to AGM in the Company’s condensed consolidated financial statements.
Below is a reconciliation of the equity-based compensation allocated to Apollo Global Management, LLC:
 
For the Six Months Ended June 30, 2018
 
Total Amount
 
Non-Controlling Interest % in Apollo Operating Group
 
Allocated to Non-Controlling Interest in Apollo Operating Group(1)
 
Allocated to Apollo Global Management, LLC
RSUs, share options and restricted share awards
$
67,581

 
—
%
 
$
—

 
$
67,581

AHL Awards
(2,273
)
 
50.1

 
(1,139
)
 
(1,134
)
Other equity-based compensation awards
8,001

 
50.1

 
4,010

 
3,991

Total equity-based compensation
$
73,309

 
 
 
2,871

 
70,438

Less other equity-based compensation awards(2)
 
 
 
 
(2,871
)
 
(13,373
)
Capital increase related to equity-based compensation
 
 
 
 
$
—

 
$
57,065

 
For the Six Months Ended June 30, 2017
 
Total Amount
 
Non-Controlling Interest % in Apollo Operating Group
 
Allocated to Non-Controlling Interest in Apollo Operating Group(1)
 
Allocated to Apollo Global Management, LLC
RSUs, share options and restricted share awards
$
36,709

 
—
%
 
$
—

 
$
36,709

AHL Awards
3,455

 
52.1

 
1,800

 
1,655

Other equity-based compensation awards
5,683

 
52.1

 
2,961

 
2,722

Total equity-based compensation
$
45,847

 
 
 
4,761

 
41,086

Less other equity-based compensation awards(2)
 
 
 
 
(4,761
)
 
(5,980
)
Capital increase related to equity-based compensation
 
 
 
 
$
—

 
$
35,106

(1)
Calculated based on average ownership percentage for the period considering Class A share issuances during the period.
(2)
Includes equity-based compensation reimbursable by certain funds.

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APOLLO GLOBAL MANAGEMENT, LLC
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(dollars in thousands, except share data, except where noted)

12. EQUITY
Class A Shares
Class A shares represent limited liability company interests in the Company. Holders of Class A shares are entitled to participate in distributions from the Company on a pro rata basis. Class A shareholders do not elect the Company’s manager or the manager’s executive committee and have limited voting rights.
During the three and six months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017, the Company issued Class A shares in settlement of vested RSUs. The Company has generally allowed holders of vested RSUs and exercised share options to settle their tax liabilities by reducing the number of Class A shares issued to them, which the Company refers to as “net share settlement.” Additionally, the Company has generally allowed holders of share options to settle their exercise price by reducing the number of Class A shares issued to them at the time of exercise by an amount sufficient to cover the exercise price. The net share settlement results in a liability for the Company and a corresponding accumulated deficit adjustment.
In February 2016, Apollo announced its adoption of a program to repurchase up to $250 million in the aggregate of its Class A shares, including up to $150 million in the aggregate of its outstanding Class A shares through a share repurchase program and up to $100 million through net share settlement of equity-based awards granted under the 2007 Equity Plan. The Company intends to continue the net share settlement program in excess of the $100 million pursuant to the repurchase plan adopted in February 2016.
The table below summarizes the issuance of Class A shares for equity-based awards:
 
For the Six Months Ended June 30,
 
2018
 
2017
Class A shares issued in settlement of vested RSUs and share options exercised(1)
3,192,534

 
2,931,649

Reduction of Class A shares issued(2)
(1,042,757
)
 
(1,067,648
)
Class A shares purchased related to share issuances and forfeitures(3)
(163,165
)
 
(669
)
Issuance of Class A shares for equity-based awards
1,986,612

 
1,863,332

(1)
The gross value of shares issued was $106.6 million and $66.4 million for the six months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively, based on the closing price of a Class A share at the time of issuance.
(2)
Cash paid for tax liabilities associated with net share settlement was $34.7 million and $24.3 million for the six months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively.
(3)
Certain Apollo employees receive a portion of the profit sharing proceeds of certain funds in the form of (a) restricted Class A shares of AGM that they are required to purchase with such proceeds or (b) RSUs, in each case which equity-based awards generally vest over three years. These equity-based awards are granted under the Company's 2007 Equity Plan. To prevent dilution on account of these awards, Apollo may, in its discretion, repurchase Class A shares on the open market and retire them. During the six months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017, we issued 569,452 and 265,383 of such restricted shares and 69,287 and zero of such RSUs under the 2007 Equity Plan, respectively, and repurchased 720,215 and 265,383 Class A shares in open-market transactions not pursuant to a publicly-announced repurchase plan or program, respectively. In addition, there were 12,402 and 669 restricted shares forfeited during the six months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively.
Additionally, during the six months ended June 30, 2018, 849,785 Class A shares were repurchased as part of the publicly announced share repurchase program adopted in February 2016. Cash paid for open market share repurchases and cancellations was $28.7 million for the six months ended June 30, 2018. During the six months ended June 30, 2017, there were no open market share repurchases as part of the publicly announced share repurchase program.
Preferred Share Issuance
On March 7, 2017, Apollo issued 11,000,000 6.375% Series A Preferred shares (the “Series A Preferred shares”) for gross proceeds of $275.0 million, or $264.4 million net of issuance costs and on March 19, 2018, Apollo issued 12,000,000 6.375% Series B Preferred shares (the “Series B Preferred shares” and collectively with the Series A Preferred shares, the “Preferred shares”) for gross proceeds of $300.0 million or $289.8 million net of issuance costs. When, as and if declared by the manager of Apollo, distributions on the Preferred shares will be payable quarterly on March 15, June 15, September 15 and December 15 of each year, beginning on June 15, 2018 for the Series B Preferred shares, at a rate per annum equal to 6.375%. Distributions on the Preferred shares are discretionary and non-cumulative.

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APOLLO GLOBAL MANAGEMENT, LLC
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(dollars in thousands, except share data, except where noted)

Subject to certain exceptions, unless distributions have been declared and paid or declared and set apart for payment on the Preferred shares for a quarterly distribution period, during the remainder of that distribution period Apollo may not declare or pay or set apart payment for distributions on any Class A shares or any other equity securities that the Company may issue in the future ranking as to the payment of distributions, junior to the Preferred shares (“Junior Shares”) and Apollo may not repurchase any Junior Shares. These restrictions are not applicable during the initial distribution period, which is the period from March 19, 2018 to but excluding June 15, 2018 for the Series B Preferred shares.
The Series A Preferred shares and the Series B Preferred shares may be redeemed at Apollo’s option, in whole or in part, at any time on or after March 15, 2022 and March 15, 2023, respectively, at a price of $25.00 per Preferred share, plus declared and unpaid distributions to, but excluding, the redemption date, without payment of any undeclared distributions. Holders of the Preferred shares will have no right to require the redemption of the Preferred shares and there is no maturity date.
If a certain change of control event or a certain tax redemption event occurs prior to March 15, 2022 and March 15, 2023 for Series A Preferred shares and the Series B Preferred shares, respectively, the Preferred shares may be redeemed at Apollo’s option, in whole but not in part, upon at least 30 days’ notice, within 60 days of the occurrence of such change of control event or such tax redemption event, as applicable, at a price of $25.25 per Preferred share, plus declared and unpaid distributions to, but excluding, the redemption date, without payment of any undeclared distributions. If a certain rating agency event occurs prior to March 15, 2023, the Series B Preferred shares may be redeemed at Apollo’s option, in whole but not in part, upon at least 30 days’ notice, within 60 days of the occurrence of such rating agency event, at a price of $25.50 per Series B Preferred share, plus declared and unpaid distributions to, but excluding, the redemption date, without payment of any undeclared distributions. If (i) a change of control event occurs (whether before, on or after March 15, 2022 and March 15, 2023 for the Series A Preferred shares and the Series B Preferred shares, respectively) and (ii) Apollo does not give notice prior to the 31st day following the change of control event to redeem all the outstanding Preferred shares, the distribution rate per annum on the Preferred shares will increase by 5.00%, beginning on the 31st day following such change of control event.
The Preferred shares are not convertible into Class A shares and have no voting rights, except in limited circumstances as provided in the Company’s limited liability company agreement. In connection with the issuance of the Preferred shares, certain Apollo Operating Group entities issued for the benefit of Apollo a series of preferred units with economic terms that mirror those of the Preferred shares.
The table below summarizes the distributions on the Preferred shares:
 
For the Three Months Ended June 30,
 
For the Six Months Ended June 30,
 
2018
 
2017
 
2018
 
2017
Series A Preferred Shares total distribution
$
4,383

 
$
4,772

 
$
8,766

 
$
4,772

Series B Preferred Shares total distribution
4,569

 
—

 
4,569

 
—

Distributions
The table below presents information regarding the quarterly distributions which were made at the sole discretion of the manager of the Company (in millions, except per share data). Certain subsidiaries of AGM may be subject to U.S. federal, state, local and non-U.S. income taxes at the entity level and may pay taxes and/or make payments under the tax receivable agreement in a given fiscal year; therefore, the net amounts ultimately distributed by AGM to its Class A shareholders in respect of each fiscal year are generally expected to be less than the net amounts distributed to AOG Unitholders.

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APOLLO GLOBAL MANAGEMENT, LLC
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(dollars in thousands, except share data, except where noted)

Distribution Declaration Date
 
Distribution per Class A Share
 
Distribution Payment Date
 
Distribution to Class A Shareholders
 
Distribution to Non-Controlling Interest Holders in the Apollo Operating Group
 
Total Distributions from Apollo Operating Group
 
Distribution Equivalents on Participating Securities
February 3, 2017
 
$
0.45

 
February 28, 2017
 
$
84.2

 
$
97.0

 
$
181.2

 
$
2.9

April 13, 2017
 
—

 
April 13, 2017
 
—

 
20.5

(1) 
20.5

 
—

April 28, 2017
 
0.49

 
May 31, 2017
 
94.5

 
102.9

 
197.4

 
3.3

August 2, 2017
 
0.52

 
August 31, 2017
 
100.6

 
108.8

 
209.4

 
3.2

November 1, 2017
 
0.39

 
November 30, 2017
 
75.6

 
81.6

 
157.2

 
2.4

For the year ended December 31, 2017
 
$
1.85

 
 
 
$
354.9

 
$
410.8

 
$
765.7

 
$
11.8

February 1, 2018
 
$
0.66

 
February 28, 2018
 
$
133.0

 
$
133.7

 
$
266.7

 
$
5.4

April 12, 2018
 
—

 
April 12, 2018
 
—

 
50.5

(1) 
50.5

 
—

May 03, 2018
 
0.38

 
May 31, 2018
 
76.6

 
77.0

 
153.6

 
4.1

For the six months ended June 30, 2018
 
$
1.04

 
 
 
$
209.6

 
$
261.2

 
$
470.8

 
$
9.5

(1)
On April 13, 2017 and April 12, 2018, the Company made a $0.10 and $0.25 per AOG Unit pro rata distribution, respectively, to the Non-Controlling Interest holders in the Apollo Operating Group, in connection with taxes and payments made under the tax receivable agreement. See note 13 for more information regarding the tax receivable agreement.

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APOLLO GLOBAL MANAGEMENT, LLC
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(dollars in thousands, except share data, except where noted)

Non-Controlling Interests
The table below presents equity interests in Apollo’s consolidated, but not wholly-owned, subsidiaries and funds. Net income and comprehensive income attributable to Non-Controlling Interests consisted of the following: 
 
For the Three Months Ended June 30,
 
For the Six Months Ended June 30,
 
2018
 
2017
 
2018
 
2017
Net income attributable to Non-Controlling Interests in consolidated entities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Interest in management companies and a co-investment vehicle(1)
$
1,714

 
$
760

 
$
3,109

 
$
1,627

Other consolidated entities
7,002

 
3,775

 
11,586

 
6,292

Net income attributable to Non-Controlling Interests in consolidated entities
$
8,716

 
$
4,535

 
$
14,695

 
$
7,919

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net income attributable to Non-Controlling Interests in the Apollo Operating Group:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net income
$
143,810

 
$
192,942

 
$
34,462

 
$
547,972

Net income attributable to Non-Controlling Interests in consolidated entities
(8,716
)
 
(4,535
)
 
(14,695
)
 
(7,919
)
Net income after Non-Controlling Interests in consolidated entities
135,094

 
188,407

 
19,767

 
540,053

Adjustments:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Income tax provision (benefit)(2)
18,924

 
(777
)
 
27,504

 
38,384

NYC UBT and foreign tax benefit(3)
(2,631
)
 
976

 
(4,187
)
 
(4,419
)
Net loss in non-Apollo Operating Group entities
189

 
—

 
275

 
2

Net income attributable to Series A Preferred Shareholders
(4,383
)
 
(4,772
)
 
(8,766
)
 
(4,772
)
Net income attributable to Series B Preferred Shareholders
(4,569
)
 
—

 
(4,569
)
 
—

Total adjustments
7,530

 
(4,573
)
 
10,257

 
29,195

Net income after adjustments
142,624

 
183,834

 
30,024

 
569,248

Weighted average ownership percentage of Apollo Operating Group
50.1
%
 
52.6
%
 
50.4
%
 
53.1
%
Net income attributable to Non-Controlling Interests in Apollo Operating Group
$
71,484

 
$
96,727

 
$
14,419

 
$
303,177

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net Income attributable to Non-Controlling Interests
$
80,200

 
$
101,262

 
$
29,114

 
$
311,096

Other comprehensive income (loss) attributable to Non-Controlling Interests
(15,741
)
 
2,314

 
(11,729
)
 
3,189

Comprehensive Income Attributable to Non-Controlling Interests
$
64,459

 
$
103,576

 
$
17,385

 
$
314,285

(1)
Reflects the remaining interest held by certain individuals who receive an allocation of income from certain of the credit funds managed by Apollo.
(2)
Reflects all taxes recorded in our condensed consolidated statements of operations. Of this amount, U.S. federal, state, and local corporate income taxes attributable to APO Corp. are added back to income of the Apollo Operating Group before calculating Non-Controlling Interests as the income allocable to the Apollo Operating Group is not subject to such taxes.
(3)
Reflects New York City Unincorporated Business Tax (“NYC UBT”) and foreign taxes that are attributable to the Apollo Operating Group and its subsidiaries related to its operations in the U.S. as partnerships and in non-U.S. jurisdictions as corporations. As such, these amounts are considered in the income attributable to the Apollo Operating Group.
13. RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS AND INTERESTS IN CONSOLIDATED ENTITIES
Management fees, transaction and advisory fees and reimbursable expenses from the funds the Company manages and their portfolio companies are included in due from related parties in the condensed consolidated statements of financial condition. The Company also typically facilitates the payment of certain operating costs incurred by the funds that it manages as well as their related parties. These costs are normally reimbursed by such funds and are included in due from related parties. Due from related parties and due to related parties are comprised of the following:

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APOLLO GLOBAL MANAGEMENT, LLC
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(dollars in thousands, except share data, except where noted)

 
As of
June 30, 2018
 
As of
December 31, 2017
Due from Related Parties:
 
 
 
Due from credit funds
$
155,408

 
$
128,198

Due from private equity funds
18,662

 
18,120

Due from real assets funds
21,464

 
20,105

Due from portfolio companies
60,405

 
37,366

Due from Contributing Partners, employees and former employees
59,305

 
58,799

Total Due from Related Parties
$
315,244

 
$
262,588

Due to Related Parties:
 
 
 
Due to Managing Partners and Contributing Partners
$
322,718

 
$
333,379

Due to credit funds
41,982

 
63,491

Due to private equity funds
46,952

 
30,848

Due to real assets funds
285

 
283

Distributions payable to employees
155

 
12

Total Due to Related Parties
$
412,092

 
$
428,013

Tax Receivable Agreement and Other
Subject to certain restrictions, each of the Managing Partners and Contributing Partners has the right to exchange their vested AOG Units for the Company’s Class A shares. Certain Apollo Operating Group entities have made an election under Section 754 of the U.S. Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Internal Revenue Code”), which will result in an adjustment to the tax basis of the assets owned by the Apollo Operating Group at the time of the exchange. These exchanges will result in increases in tax deductions that will reduce the amount of tax that APO Corp. will otherwise be required to pay in the future.
The tax receivable agreement provides for the payment to the Managing Partners and Contributing Partners of 85% of the amount of cash savings, if any, in U.S. federal, state, local and foreign income taxes that APO Corp. would realize as a result of the increases in tax basis of assets that resulted from the 2007 Reorganization and exchanges of AOG Units for Class A shares. APO Corp. retains the benefit from the remaining 15% of actual cash tax savings. If the Company does not make the required annual payment on a timely basis as outlined in the tax receivable agreement, interest is accrued on the balance until the payment date. These payments are expected to occur approximately over the next 15 years.
As a result of the exchanges of AOG Units for Class A shares during the six months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017, a $39.6 million and $29.8 million liability was recorded, respectively, to estimate the amount of the future expected payments to be made by APO Corp. to the Managing Partners and Contributing Partners pursuant to the tax receivable agreement.
In April 2018, Apollo made a $50.3 million cash payment pursuant to the tax receivable agreement resulting from the realized tax benefit for the 2017 tax year. Additionally, in connection with this payment, the Company made a corresponding pro rata distribution of $50.5 million ($0.25 per AOG Unit) to the Non-Controlling Interest holders in the Apollo Operating Group. In April 2017, Apollo made a $17.9 million cash payment pursuant to the tax receivable agreement resulting from the realized tax benefit for the 2016 tax year. Additionally, in connection with this payment, the Company made a corresponding pro rata distribution of $20.5 million ($0.10 per AOG Unit) to the Non-Controlling Interest holders in the Apollo Operating Group.
Due from Contributing Partners, Employees and Former Employees
As of June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, due from Contributing Partners, Employees and Former Employees includes various amounts due to the Company including employee loans and return of profit sharing distributions. As of June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, the balance included interest-bearing employee loans receivable of $15.5 million and $15.3 million, respectively. The outstanding principal amount of the loans as well as all accrued and unpaid interest is required to be repaid at the earlier of the eighth anniversary of the date of the relevant loan or at the date of the relevant employee’s resignation from the Company.

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APOLLO GLOBAL MANAGEMENT, LLC
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(dollars in thousands, except share data, except where noted)

The Company recorded a receivable from the Contributing Partners and certain employees and former employees for the potential return of profit sharing distributions that would be due if certain funds were liquidated as of June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017 of $35.3 million and $36.4 million, respectively.
Indemnity
Performance revenues from certain funds can be distributed to the Company on a current basis, but is subject to repayment by the subsidiaries of the Apollo Operating Group that act as general partners of the funds in the event that certain specified return thresholds are not ultimately achieved. The Managing Partners, Contributing Partners and certain other investment professionals have personally guaranteed, subject to certain limitations, the obligations of these subsidiaries in respect of this general partner obligation. Such guarantees are several and not joint and are limited to a particular Managing Partner’s or Contributing Partner’s distributions. Pursuant to an existing shareholders agreement, the Company has agreed to indemnify each of the Company’s Managing Partners and certain Contributing Partners against all amounts that they pay pursuant to any of these personal guarantees in favor of certain funds that the Company manages (including costs and expenses related to investigating the basis for or objecting to any claims made in respect of the guarantees) for all interests that the Company’s Managing Partners and Contributing Partners have contributed or sold to the Apollo Operating Group.
Accordingly, in the event that the Company’s Managing Partners, Contributing Partners and certain investment professionals are required to pay amounts in connection with a general partner obligation for the return of previously made distributions with respect to Fund IV, Fund V and Fund VI, the Company will be obligated to reimburse the Company’s Managing Partners and certain Contributing Partners for the indemnifiable percentage of amounts that they are required to pay even though the Company did not receive the certain distribution to which that general partner obligation related. The Company recorded an indemnification liability of $10.0 million and $10.5 million as of June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively.
Due to Private Equity and Credit Funds
Based upon an assumed liquidation of certain of the credit and private equity funds the Company manages the Company has recorded a general partner obligation to return previously distributed performance allocations, which represents amounts due to these funds. The general partner obligation is recognized based upon an assumed liquidation of a fund’s net assets as of the reporting date. The actual determination and any required payment of any such general partner obligation would not take place until the final disposition of a fund’s investments based on the contractual termination of the fund or as otherwise set forth in the respective limited partnership agreement or other governing document of the fund.
There was a general partner obligation to return previously distributed performance allocations related to certain private equity funds of $41.5 million and $30.1 million accrued as of June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively. There was a general partner obligation to return previously distributed performance allocations related to certain credit funds of $37.8 million and $56.1 million accrued as of June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively.
Athene
Athene Holding was founded in 2009 to capitalize on favorable market conditions in the dislocated life insurance sector. Athene Holding, through its subsidiaries, is a leading retirement services company that issues, reinsures and acquires retirement savings products designed for the increasing number of individuals and institutions seeking to fund retirement needs. The products and services offered by Athene include fixed and fixed indexed annuity products, reinsurance services offered to third-party annuity providers; and institutional products, such as funding agreements. Athene Holding became an effective registrant under the Exchange Act on December 9, 2016. Athene Holding is currently listed on the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE) under the symbol “ATH”.
The Company provides asset management and advisory services to Athene, including asset allocation services, direct asset management services, asset and liability matching management, mergers and acquisitions, asset diligence hedging and other asset management services.
The Company, through its consolidated subsidiary Athene Asset Management, or AAM, earns management fees of 0.40% per year on all assets that it manages in accounts owned by Athene in the U.S. and Bermuda or in accounts supporting reinsurance ceded to U.S. and Bermuda subsidiaries of Athene Holding by third-party insurers (collectively, the “Athene North American Accounts”) up to $65.846 billion (the level of assets in the Athene North American Accounts as of December 31, 2016) and 0.30% per year on all assets in excess of $65.846 billion, respectively, subject to certain discounts and exceptions.

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APOLLO GLOBAL MANAGEMENT, LLC
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(dollars in thousands, except share data, except where noted)

Athora
The Company, through its consolidated subsidiary, AAME, provides investment advisory services to Athora, a strategic platform established to acquire or reinsure blocks of insurance business in the German and broader European life insurance market (collectively, the “Athora European Accounts”).
Athene and Athora Sub-Advised
The Company, through AAM, provides sub-advisory services with respect to a portion of the assets in the Athene North American Accounts. In addition, Apollo, through AAME, provides sub-advisory services with respect to a portion of the assets in the Athora European Accounts.
From time to time, Athene also invests in funds and investment vehicles that Apollo manages. The Company refers to such assets which are invested directly as “Athene Assets Directly Invested.”
The Company broadly refers to “Athene Sub-Advised” assets as those assets in the Athene North American Accounts which the Company explicitly sub-advises as well as Athene Assets Directly Invested. The Company broadly refers to “Athora Sub-Advised” assets as those assets in the Athora European Accounts which the Company explicitly sub-advises as well as those assets in the Athora European Accounts which are invested directly in funds and investment vehicles Apollo manages.
With limited exceptions, the sub-advisory fee arrangements between the Company, Athene, Athora and the fee arrangements with respect to Athene Assets Directly Invested are presented in the following table:
 
As of
June 30, 2018
Athene North American Accounts sub-advised by AAM(1):
 
Assets up to $10.0 billion
0.40
%
Assets between $10.0 billion to $12.4 billion
0.35
%
Assets between $12.4 billion to $16.0 billion
0.40
%
Assets in excess of $16.0 billion
0.35
%
 
 
Athora European Accounts sub-advised by AAME
0.35
%
 
 
Athene Assets Directly Invested(2)
0% to 1.75%

(1)
The sub-advisory fees with respect to the assets in the Athene North American Accounts are in addition to the management fee earned by the Company described above.
(2)
With respect to Athene Assets Directly Invested, Apollo earns performance revenues of 0% to 20% in addition to the fees presented above. The fees set forth above with respect to the Athene Assets Directly Invested, and the performance revenues that Apollo earns on such assets, are in addition to the fees described above, with certain limited exceptions.
AAA Investments
Apollo, as general partner of AAA Investments, is generally entitled to performance allocations equal to 20% of the realized returns (net of related expenses, including borrowing costs) on the investments of AAA Investments, except that Apollo is not entitled to receive any performance allocations with respect to the shares of Athene Holding that were acquired (and not in satisfaction of prior commitments to buy such shares) by AAA Investments in the contribution of certain assets by AAA to Athene in October 2012.
The following table presents the performance allocations earned from AAA Investments:
 
For the Three Months Ended June 30,
 
For the Six Months Ended June 30,
 
2018
 
2017
 
2018
 
2017
Performance allocations from AAA Investments, net(1)
$
(158
)
 
$
1,915

 
$
(4,999
)
 
$
16,050

(1)
Net of related profit sharing expense.

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FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(dollars in thousands, except share data, except where noted)

The following table presents the revenues earned in aggregate from Athene, Athora and AAA Investments:
 
For the Three Months Ended June 30,
 
For the Six Months Ended June 30,
 
2018
 
2017
 
2018
 
2017
Revenues earned in aggregate from Athene, Athora and AAA Investments, net(1)(2)
$
50,682

 
$
96,979

 
$
88,825

 
$
249,216

(1)
Consisting of management fees, sub-advisory fees, performance revenues from Athene, Athora and AAA Investments, as applicable (net of related profit sharing expense) and changes in the market value of the Athene Holding shares owned directly by Apollo. These amounts exclude the deferred revenue recognized as management fees associated with the vesting of AHL Awards granted to employees of Apollo as further described in note 11.
(2)
Gains (losses) on the market value of the shares of Athene Holding owned directly by Apollo were $(68.1) million and $(0.1) million for the three months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively, and $(135.0) million and $34.5 million for the six months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively.
During the six months ended June 30, 2018, the Company received performance allocations of $169.9 million and settled $46.6 million of profit sharing expense in the form of Athene Holding shares. The following table presents performance allocations and profit sharing payable from AAA Investments:
 
As of
June 30, 2018
 
As of
December 31, 2017
Performance allocations
$
1,830

 
$
178,600

Profit sharing payable
502

 
49,038

The Company’s economic ownership interest in Athene Holding is comprised of the following:
 
As of
June 30, 2018
(1) 
As of
December 31, 2017
(1) 
Indirect interest in Athene Holding:
 
 
 
 
Interest in AAA
2.2
%
 
2.2
%
 
Plus: Interest in AAA Investments
0.1
%
 
0.1
%
 
Total Interest in AAA and AAA Investments
2.3
%
 
2.3
%
 
Multiplied by: AAA Investments’ interest in Athene Holding
0.3
%
 
14.0
%
 
Indirect interest in Athene Holding
—
%
 
0.3
%
 
 
 
 
 
 
Plus: Direct interest in Athene Holding
10.1
%
 
8.5
%
 
Total interest in Athene Holding
10.1
%
 
8.8
%
 
(1)
Ownership interest percentages are based on approximate share count as of the reporting date.
AAA Investments Credit Agreement
On April 30, 2015, Apollo entered into a revolving credit agreement with AAA Investments (“AAA Investments Credit Agreement”). Under the terms of the AAA Investments Credit Agreement, the Company shall make available to AAA Investments one or more advances at the discretion of AAA Investments in the aggregate amount not to exceed a balance of $10.0 million at an applicable rate of LIBOR plus 1.5%. The Company receives an annual commitment fee of 0.125% on the unused portion of the loan. As of June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, $6.2 million and $4.5 million, respectively, had been advanced by the Company and remained outstanding on the AAA Investments Credit Agreement. AAA Investments shall pay the aggregate borrowings plus accrued interest at the earlier of (a) the third anniversary of the closing date, or (b) the date that is fifteen months following the initial public offering of shares of Athene Holding Ltd. (the “Maturity Date”). On January 30, 2018, the Company and AAA agreed to extend the maturity date of the AAA Investments Credit Agreement to April 30, 2019.
Regulated Entities
Apollo Global Securities, LLC (“AGS”) is a registered broker dealer with the SEC and is a member of the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority, subject to the minimum net capital requirements of the SEC. AGS was in compliance with these

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requirements at June 30, 2018. From time to time, this entity is involved in transactions with related parties of Apollo, including portfolio companies of the funds Apollo manages, whereby AGS earns underwriting and transaction fees for its services.
Other Transactions
The Company recognized $3.8 million of other income in the condensed consolidated statements of operations from the assignment of a CLO collateral management agreement to a related party during the six months ended June 30, 2018.
14. COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES
Investment Commitments—As a limited partner, general partner and manager of the Apollo funds, Apollo had unfunded capital commitments as of June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017 of $1.4 billion and $1.7 billion, respectively, of which $696 million and $823 million related to Fund IX as of June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively.
Debt Covenants—Apollo’s debt obligations contain various customary loan covenants. As of June 30, 2018, the Company was not aware of any instances of non-compliance with the financial covenants contained in the documents governing the Company’s debt obligations.
Litigation and Contingencies—Apollo is, from time to time, party to various legal actions arising in the ordinary course of business including claims and lawsuits, reviews, investigations or proceedings by governmental and self-regulatory agencies regarding its business.
Various state attorneys general and federal and state agencies have initiated industry-wide investigations into the use of placement agents in connection with the solicitation of investments, particularly with respect to investments by public pension funds. Certain affiliates of Apollo have received subpoenas and other requests for information from various government regulatory agencies and investors in Apollo’s funds, seeking information regarding the use of placement agents. CalPERS announced on October 14, 2009, that it had initiated a special review of placement agents and related issues. The report of the CalPERS’ Special Review was issued on March 14, 2011. That report does not allege any wrongdoing on the part of Apollo or its affiliates. Apollo is continuing to cooperate with all such investigations and other reviews. In addition, on May 6, 2010, the California Attorney General filed a civil complaint against Alfred Villalobos and his company, Arvco Capital Research, LLC (“Arvco”) (a placement agent that Apollo has used) and Federico Buenrostro Jr., the former CEO of CalPERS, alleging conduct in violation of certain California laws in connection with CalPERS’s purchase of securities in various funds managed by Apollo and another asset manager. Apollo is not a party to the civil lawsuit and the lawsuit does not allege any misconduct on the part of Apollo. Likewise, on April 23, 2012, the SEC filed a lawsuit alleging securities fraud on the part of Arvco, as well as Messrs. Buenrostro and Villalobos, in connection with their activities concerning certain CalPERS investments in funds managed by Apollo. This lawsuit also does not allege wrongdoing on the part of Apollo, and alleges that Apollo was defrauded by Arvco, Villalobos, and Buenrostro. On March 14, 2013, the United States Department of Justice unsealed an indictment against Messrs. Villalobos and Buenrostro alleging, among other crimes, fraud in connection with those same activities; again, Apollo is not accused of any wrongdoing and in fact is alleged to have been defrauded by the defendants. The criminal action was set for trial in a San Francisco federal court in July 2014, but was put on hold after Mr. Buenrostro pleaded guilty on July 11, 2014. As part of Mr. Buenrostro’s plea agreement, he admitted to taking cash and other bribes from Mr. Villalobos in exchange for several improprieties, including attempting to influence CalPERS’ investing decisions and improperly preparing disclosure letters to satisfy Apollo’s requirements. There is no suggestion that Apollo was aware that Mr. Buenrostro had signed the letters with a corrupt motive. The government has indicated that they will file new charges against Mr. Villalobos incorporating Mr. Buenrostro’s admissions. On August 7, 2014, the government filed a superseding indictment against Mr. Villalobos asserting additional charges. Trial had been scheduled for February 23, 2015, but Mr. Villalobos passed away on January 13, 2015. Additionally, on April 15, 2013, Mr. Villalobos, Arvco and related entities (the “Arvco Debtors”) brought a civil action in the United States Bankruptcy Court for the District of Nevada (the “Bankruptcy Court”) against Apollo. The action is related to the ongoing bankruptcy proceedings of the Arvco Debtors. This action alleges that Arvco served as a placement agent for Apollo in connection with several funds associated with Apollo, and seeks to recover purported fees the Arvco Debtors claim Apollo has not paid them for a portion of Arvco’s placement agent services. In addition, the Arvco Debtors allege that Apollo has interfered with the Arvco Debtors’ commercial relationships with third parties, purportedly causing the Arvco Debtors to lose business and to incur fees and expenses in the defense of various investigations and litigations. The Arvco Debtors also seek compensation from Apollo for these alleged lost profits and fees and expenses. The Arvco Debtors’ complaint asserts various theories of recovery under the Bankruptcy Code and common law. Apollo denies the merit of all of the Arvco Debtors’ claims and will vigorously contest them. The Bankruptcy Court had stayed this action pending the result in the criminal case against Mr. Villalobos but lifted the stay on May 1, 2015; in light of Mr. Villalobos’s death, the criminal case was dismissed. On August 25, 2016, Christina Lovato, in her capacity as the Chapter 7 Trustee for the Arvco Debtors, filed an amended

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complaint. On March 20, 2017, the court granted Apollo’s motion to dismiss the equitable claims asserted in the amended complaint, leaving just two breach of contract claims remaining. On October 20, 2017, Apollo moved for summary judgment as to the trustee’s remaining claims and a counterclaim by Apollo that seeks indemnification for attorneys’ fees and expenses. The court granted summary judgment in favor of Apollo in part, and ordered supplemental briefing on the remaining claims, on May 23, 2018. On August 2, 2018, the court granted summary judgment on the balance of the plaintiff’s claims. No estimate of possible loss, if any, can be made at this time.
On June 18, 2014, BOKF N.A. (the “First Lien Trustee”), the successor indenture trustee under the indenture governing the First Lien Notes issued by Momentive Performance Materials, Inc. (“Momentive”), commenced a lawsuit in the Supreme Court for the State of New York, New York County against AGM and members of an ad hoc group of Second Lien Noteholders (including, but not limited to, Euro VI (BC) S.a.r.l.). The First Lien Trustee amended its complaint on July 2, 2014 (the “First Lien Intercreditor Action”). In the First Lien Intercreditor Action, the First Lien Trustee seeks, among other things, a declaration that the defendants violated an intercreditor agreement entered into between holders of the First Lien Notes and holders of the second lien notes. On July 16, 2014, the successor indenture trustee under the indenture governing the 1.5 Lien Notes (the “1.5 Lien Trustee,” and, together with the First Lien Trustee, the “Indenture Trustees”) filed an action in the Supreme Court of the State of New York, New York County that is substantially similar to the First Lien Intercreditor Action (the “1.5 Lien Intercreditor Action,” and, together with the First Lien Intercreditor Action, the “Intercreditor Actions”). AGM subsequently removed the Intercreditor Actions to federal district court, and the Intercreditor Actions were automatically referred to the Bankruptcy Court adjudicating the Momentive chapter 11 bankruptcy cases. The Indenture Trustees then filed motions with the Bankruptcy Court to remand the Intercreditor Actions back to the state court (the “Remand Motions”). On September 9, 2014, the Bankruptcy Court denied the Remand Motions. On August 15, 2014, the defendants in the Intercreditor Actions (including AGM) filed a motion to dismiss the 1.5 Lien Intercreditor Action and a motion for judgment on the pleadings in the First Lien Intercreditor Action (the “Dismissal Motions”). On September 30, 2014, the Bankruptcy Court granted the Dismissal Motions. In its order granting the Dismissal Motions, the Bankruptcy Court gave the Indenture Trustees until mid-November 2014 to move to amend some, but not all, of the claims alleged in their respective complaints. On November 14, 2014, the Indenture Trustees moved to amend their respective complaints pursuant to the Bankruptcy Court’s order (the “Motions to Amend”). On January 9, 2015, the defendants filed their oppositions to the Motions to Amend. On January 16, 2015, the Bankruptcy Court denied the Motions to Amend (the “Dismissal Order”), but gave the Indenture Trustees until March 2, 2015 to seek to amend their respective complaints. On March 2, 2015, the First Lien Trustee filed a motion seeking to amend its complaint. On April 10, 2015, the defendants, including AGM and Euro VI (BC) S.a.r.l., filed an opposition to the First Lien Trustee’s motion to amend. Instead of moving again to amend its complaint, the 1.5 Lien Trustee chose to appeal the Dismissal Order (the “1.5 Lien Appeal”). On March 30, 2015, the 1.5 Lien Trustee filed its Statement of Issues and Designation of Record on Appeal. On March 31, 2015, because the legal issues presented in the 1.5 Lien Appeal are substantially similar to those presented in the First Lien Intercreditor Action, the parties in the 1.5 Lien Appeal submitted a joint stipulation and proposed order to the District Court staying the briefing schedule on the 1.5 Lien Appeal pending the outcome of the First Lien Trustee’s most recent motion to amend. On April 13, 2015, the Defendants filed their Counter-Designation of the Record on Appeal in the 1.5 Lien Appeal. On May 8, 2015, the Bankruptcy Court denied the motion to amend filed on March 2, 2015 by the First Lien Trustee. On May 27, 2015, the First Lien Trustee filed a notice of appeal from the orders of the Bankruptcy Court dismissing the First Lien Intercreditor Action and denying the First Lien Trustee’s motions to amend (the “First Lien Appeal”). On June 2, 2015, the First Lien Trustee filed its Statement of Issues and Designation of Record on Appeal. On June 24, 2015, the defendants filed their Counter-Designation of the Record on Appeal in the First Lien Appeal. On July 31, 2015, the 1.5 Lien Trustee sent a letter to the federal district court hearing the 1.5 Lien Appeal asking the court to consolidate the 1.5 Lien Appeal with the First Lien Appeal which had been assigned to a different judge (the “Consolidation Request”). On April 8, 2016, the court granted the Consolidation Request. On May 20, 2016, the Indenture Trustees filed their opening appellate brief. The Appellees filed their response brief on July 14, 2016, and the Indenture Trustees filed their reply brief on August 5, 2016. On October 2, 2017, the court stayed the Intercreditor Actions pending a decision by the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit in an appeal concerning the Momentive chapter 11 bankruptcy cases. On October 20, 2017, the Second Circuit issued its ruling in the appeal concerning the Momentive chapter 11 bankruptcy cases. As a result, the court has lifted the stay on the Intercreditor Actions, but no further proceedings have been held in the Intercreditor Actions. Apollo is unable at this time to assess a potential risk of loss. In addition, Apollo does not believe that AGM is a proper defendant in these actions.
Following the January 16, 2014 announcement that CEC Entertainment, Inc. (“CEC”) had entered into a merger agreement with certain entities affiliated with Apollo (the “Merger Agreement”), four putative shareholder class actions were filed in the District Court of Shawnee County, Kansas on behalf of purported stockholders of CEC against, among others, CEC, its directors and Apollo and certain of its affiliates, which include Queso Holdings Inc., Q Merger Sub Inc., Apollo Management VIII, L.P., and AP VIII Queso Holdings, L.P. The first purported class action, which is captioned Hilary Coyne v. Richard M. Frank et al., Case No. 14C57, was filed on January 21, 2014 (the “Coyne Action”). The second purported class action, which was captioned

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John Solak v. CEC Entertainment, Inc. et al., Civil Action No. 14C55, was filed on January 22, 2014 (the “Solak Action”). The Solak Action was dismissed for lack of prosecution on October 14, 2014. The third purported class action, which is captioned Irene Dixon v. CEC Entertainment, Inc. et al., Case No. 14C81, was filed on January 24, 2014 and additionally names as defendants Apollo Management VIII, L.P. and AP VIII Queso Holdings, L.P. (the “Dixon Action”). The fourth purported class action, which is captioned Louisiana Municipal Public Employees’ Retirement System v. Frank, et al., Case No. 14C97, was filed on January 31, 2014 (the “LMPERS Action”) (together with the Coyne and Dixon Actions, the “Shareholder Actions”). A fifth purported class action, which was captioned McCullough v. Frank, et al., Case No. CC-14-00622-B, was filed in the County Court of Dallas County, Texas on February 7, 2014. This action was dismissed for want of prosecution on May 21, 2014. Each of the Shareholder Actions alleges, among other things, that CEC’s directors breached their fiduciary duties to CEC’s stockholders in connection with their consideration and approval of the Merger Agreement, including by agreeing to an inadequate price, agreeing to impermissible deal protection devices, and filing materially deficient disclosures regarding the transaction. Each of the Shareholder Actions further alleges that Apollo and certain of its affiliates aided and abetted those alleged breaches. As filed, the Shareholder Actions seek, among other things, rescission of the various transactions associated with the merger, damages and attorneys’ and experts’ fees and costs. On February 7, 2014 and February 11, 2014, the plaintiffs in the Shareholder Actions pursued a consolidated action for damages after the transaction closed. Thereafter, the Shareholder Actions were consolidated under the caption In re CEC Entertainment, Inc. Stockholder Litigation, Case No. 14C57, and the parties engaged in limited discovery. On July 21, 2015, a consolidated class action complaint was brought by Twin City Pipe Trades Pension Trust in the Shareholder Actions that did not name as defendants Apollo, Queso Holdings Inc., Q Merger Sub Inc., Apollo Management VIII, L.P., or AP VIII Queso Holdings, L.P., continued to assert claims against CEC and its former directors, and added The Goldman Sachs Group Inc. (“Goldman Sachs”) as a defendant. The consolidated complaint alleges, among other things, that CEC’s former directors breached their fiduciary duties to CEC’s stockholders by conducting a deficient sales process, agreeing to impermissible deal protection devices, and filing materially deficient disclosures regarding the transaction. It further alleges that two members of the board who also served as the senior managers of CEC had material conflicts of interest and that Goldman Sachs aided and abetted the board’s breaches as a result of various conflicts of interest facing the bank. The consolidated complaint seeks, among other things, to recover damages, attorneys’ fees and costs. On October 22, 2015, the parties to the consolidated action moved to dismiss the complaint. On March 1, 2017, the special master appointed by the Kansas court to oversee pre-trial proceedings recommended that the Kansas court grant defendants’ motions to dismiss the complaint. On March 30, 2017, plaintiff moved for leave to amend the consolidated complaint. The proposed amended consolidated complaint does not name as defendants CEC or its former directors, and purports to substitute Goldman, Sachs & Co. in place of the Goldman Sachs Group Inc. on the claim for aiding and abetting breach of fiduciary duty. On June 1, 2017, the Court granted the parties’ joint motion to dismiss all claims against CEC and the former directors, and dismissed the former CEC directors from the action. Although Apollo cannot predict the ultimate outcome of the consolidated action, and therefore no reasonable estimate of possible loss, if any, can be made at this time, Apollo believes that such action is without merit.
On March 4, 2016, the Public Employees Retirement System of Mississippi filed a putative securities class action against Sprouts Farmers Market, Inc. (“SFM”), several SFM directors (including Andrew Jhawar, an Apollo partner), AP Sprouts Holdings, LLC and AP Sprouts Holdings (Overseas), L.P. (the “AP Entities”), which are controlled by entities managed by Apollo affiliates, and two underwriters of a March 2015 secondary offering of SFM common stock. The AP Entities sold SFM common stock in the March 2015 secondary offering. The complaint, filed in Arizona Superior Court and captioned Public Employees Retirement System of Mississippi v. Sprouts Farmers Market, Inc. (CV2016-050480), alleges that SFM filed a materially misleading registration statement for the secondary offering that incorporated alleged misrepresentations in SFM’s 2014 annual report regarding SFM’s business prospects, and failed to disclose alleged accelerating produce deflation. Plaintiffs alleged causes of action against the AP Entities for violations of Sections 11 and 15 of the Securities Act of 1933, seeking compensatory damages for alleged losses sustained from a decline in SFM’s stock price. Defendants moved to dismiss the action, and the court dismissed the Section 11 claim against the AP Entities but not the Section 15 claim. Discovery is ongoing. Because this action is in its early stages, no reasonable estimate of possible loss, if any, can be made at this time.
On June 20, 2016 Banca Carige S.p.A. (“Carige”) commenced a lawsuit in the Court of Genoa (Italy) (No. 8965/2016), against its former Chairman, its former Chief Executive Officer, AGM and certain entities (the “Apollo Entities”) organized and owned by investment funds managed by affiliates of AGM. The complaint alleges that AGM and the Apollo Entities (i) aided and abetted breaches of fiduciary duty to Carige allegedly committed by Carige’s former Chairman and former CEO in connection with the sale to the Apollo Entities of Carige subsidiaries engaged in the insurance business; and (ii) took wrongful actions aimed at weakening Banca Carige’s financial condition supposedly to facilitate an eventual acquisition of Carige. The causes of action are based in tort under Italian law. Carige purportedly seeks damages of €450 million in connection with the sale of the insurance businesses and €800 million for other losses. Hearings were held on May 17, 2017, on June 14, 2017, on November 7, 2017 and on January 18, 2018. After the Court’s decision dated December 6, 2017, that the case can be decided without further evidence,

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the parties filed their final two briefs on March 19, 2018 and April 9, 2018, respectively. Based on the allegations made by the plaintiff during the proceedings, Apollo believes that there is no merit to Carige’s claims. Additionally, although the case appears to be in its final stages, no reasonable estimate of possible loss, if any, can be made at this time.

On December 12, 2016, the CORE Litigation Trust (the “Trust”), which was created under the Chapter 11 reorganization plan for CORE Media and other affiliated entities, including CORE Entertainment, Inc. (“CORE”), approved by the Southern District of New York Bankruptcy Court on September 22, 2016, commenced an action in California Superior Court for Los Angeles County, captioned Core Litigation Trust v. Apollo Global Management, LLC, et al., Case No. BC 643732, which was removed to the United States District Court for the Central District of California on February 3, 2017.  On April 5, 2017, the C.D. Cal. District Court granted Defendants’ motion to transfer the case to the Southern District of New York (“SDNY”) and denied the Trust’s motion to remand the action to California state court, without prejudice to the Trust refiling its remand motion in the SDNY.  On April 20, 2017, the SDNY District Court referred the case to the SDNY Bankruptcy Court.  On July 17, 2017, the SDNY Bankruptcy Court granted the Trust’s motion for mandatory abstention and remanded the case to Los Angeles County Superior Court.  On October 3, 2017, the Los Angeles County Superior Court granted defendants’ motion to stay all proceedings in the California state court action on forum non conveniens grounds in favor of litigating the case in New York state court.  On November 9, 2017, the Trust filed a complaint in the Supreme Court of the State of New York for New York County, commencing an action captioned Core Litigation Trust v. Apollo Global Management, LLC, et al., Index No. 656856/2017.  The complaint names as defendants:  (i) AGM, (ii) Apollo Global Securities, LLC, (iii) other AGM subsidiaries, (iv) the funds managed by Apollo that were the beneficial owners of CORE Media (the “CORE Funds”), (v) certain affiliated-entities through which the CORE Funds owned their beneficial interest in CORE Media, (vi) Twenty-First Century Fox, Inc. (“Fox”) and certain Fox affiliates, (vii) Endemol USA Holding, Inc. (“Endemol”) and certain Endemol-affiliated entities, and (viii) the joint venture through which the CORE Funds and Fox beneficially owned CORE Media and Endemol Shine.  The Trust’s complaint asserts against all defendants claims for inducing the breach of and tortiously interfering with $360 million in loans under the 2011 loan agreements entered into between CORE and certain First and Second Lien Lenders (the “Lenders”), who assigned their loan-agreement claims to the Trust as part of CORE’s Chapter 11 plan of reorganization.  The Trust alleges that defendants’ participation in certain transactions related to CORE, including the December 12, 2014 formation of the joint venture through which the CORE Funds and Fox beneficially owned CORE Media and Endemol Shine, induced CORE to breach the loan agreements and tortiously interfered with CORE’s performance of its obligations under the loan agreements.  The Trust also asserts alter-ego and de-facto-merger claims seeking to hold certain defendants liable for the guarantee provided by CORE Entertainment Holdings, Inc. (CORE’s parent holding company) of CORE's repayment obligations under the loans’ repayment.  The Trust seeks $240 million in compensatory, unspecified punitive damages, pre-judgment interests, and costs and expenses.  On January 16, 2018, defendants filed motions to dismiss the complaint.  The Trust opposed the motions to dismiss on February 16, 2018.  Defendants filed their replies on March 12, 2018.  The court heard oral argument on defendants’ motions on May 17, 2018.  On April 27, 2018, the Trust filed an adversary complaint in the Southern District of New York Bankruptcy Court captioned Core Litigation Trust v. Apollo Global Management, LLC, et al., Case No. 16-11090.  The complaint names as defendants (i) AGM, (ii) certain affiliated-entities through which the CORE Funds owned their beneficial interest in CORE Media, (iii) certain former CORE directors who are current or former employees of AGM subsidiaries (the “Directors”), (iv) CORE Entertainment Holdings (CORE’s direct parent), and (v) the joint venture through which the CORE Funds and Fox beneficially owned CORE Media and Endemol Shine.  The Trust asserts a breach of fiduciary duty claim against the Directors and an aiding-and-abetting claim against AGM for allegedly preventing CORE Media from investing in the joint venture, and a fiduciary-duty breach claim against the Directors and Apollo CORE Holdings, and an aiding-and-abetting claim against all defendants (except the joint venture) for allegedly causing CORE Media to pay $93 million to a former shareholder to satisfy a legal judgment in March 2015.  The Trust further asserts fraudulent-conveyance claims against AGM under bankruptcy and New York law in connection with payment of that judgment.  The Trust seeks unspecified compensatory damages, to avoid and recover the $93 million judgment payment, pre-judgment interest, and costs and fees.  Defendants moved to dismiss the complaint on June 29, 2018.  Apollo believes the claims in each action are without merit.  Because the actions are in their early stages, no reasonable estimate of possible loss, if any, can be made at this time.
On August 3, 2017, a putative class action was commenced in the United States District Court for the Middle District of Florida against AGM, Gareth Turner (an Apollo Partner) and Mark Beith (a former Apollo Principal) by Michael McEvoy on behalf of a class of current and former employees of subsidiaries of CEVA Group, LLC (“CEVA Group”) who purchased restricted Class A shares in CEVA Investment Limited (“CIL”), the former parent company of CEVA Group.  The complaint alleges that the defendants breached fiduciary duties to and defrauded the plaintiffs by inducing them to purchase shares in CIL and subsequently participating in a debt restructuring of CEVA Group in which shareholders of CIL did not receive a recovery.  The complaint purports to seek damages in excess of €14 million.  On October 18, 2017, the bankruptcy trustee for CIL filed a motion in the Bankruptcy Court for the Southern District of New York to prevent McEvoy and his counsel from continuing to prosecute the Florida action on the basis that the relevant claims belong to the CIL bankruptcy estate.  On November 21, 2017, the Florida court

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FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(dollars in thousands, except share data, except where noted)

granted the parties’ joint motion to stay the case pending resolution of the CIL bankruptcy trustee’s motion to enforce the automatic stay, staying the case until further Order.  On February 9, 2018, the bankruptcy court granted the CIL trustee’s motion to enforce the automatic stay and enjoined further prosecution of the McEvoy Action (the “February 9 Order”).  On February 23, 2018, Mr. McEvoy filed a motion for leave to appeal the February 9 Order.  On May 4, 2018, the District Court for the Southern District of New York denied McEvoy’s appeal of the February 9 Order, but permitted McEvoy to file a motion in the bankruptcy court to clarify the scope of the injunction or to modify the order to permit him to amend the complaint.  On May 24, 2018, McEvoy filed a motion with the bankruptcy court seeking clarification or modification of the February 9 Order, which the CIL Trustee and Mr. Turner opposed.  On June 1, 2018, the Florida court entered an order continuing the stay in the case pending the bankruptcy court’s ruling on McEvoy’s motion for clarification.  The bankruptcy court held a hearing on McEvoy’s motion for clarification on June 28, 2018, at which it directed McEvoy to file a reply and proposed amended complaint.  The reply and proposed amended complaint were filed on July 10, 2018.  The proposed amended complaint no longer asserts claims against Messrs. Turner and Beith but adds Apollo Management VI, L.P. and CEVA Group as proposed defendants.  The proposed amended complaint purports to seek damages of approximately €30 million and asserts, among other things, claims for violations of the Investment Advisors Act of 1940, breach of fiduciary duties, and breach of contract. Based on the allegations in the complaint, Apollo believes that there is no merit to the claims.  Additionally, as the case is in its early stages, no reasonable estimate of possible loss, if any, can be made at this time.

Between July 25 and August 15, 2017, plaintiffs filed three purported stockholder class actions in the Nevada state and federal court against ClubCorp Holdings Inc. (“ClubCorp”), the directors of ClubCorp, and AGM, in connection with the proposed acquisition of ClubCorp. The cases in the District Court for Clark County, Nevada were originally captioned Meng v. ClubCorp Holdings, Inc., et al., No. A-17-758912-B (“Meng”); Baum v. Affeldt, et al., No. A-17-759227-C (“Baum”); and Solak v. Affeldt, et al., No. A-17-759987-B (“Solak”). On August 16, 2017, the Meng and Baum actions were consolidated with two other similar actions that did not name AGM as a defendant. The consolidated action is captioned In re ClubCorp Holdings Shareholder Litigation, Case No. A-17-758912-B (“In re ClubCorp”). On September 21, 2017, the Solak action was consolidated into In re ClubCorp. On October 12, 2017, plaintiffs in In re ClubCorp filed a consolidated amended complaint. The complaint purports to assert claims against the directors of ClubCorp for allegedly breaching their fiduciary duties of loyalty, due care, good faith, and candor owed to the plaintiff and the public stockholders of ClubCorp. The complaint includes allegations that the directors, among other things, agreed to a transaction at an unreasonably low price, failed to take the necessary steps to maximize stockholder value, gave preferential severance benefits to certain executives, agreed to preclusive deal protection provisions, and included materially incomplete and misleading information in the proxy statement recommending that stockholders vote in favor of the acquisition. The complaint also purports to assert a claim against AGM for aiding and abetting the directors’ purported breach of fiduciary duty. On November 15, 2017, another plaintiff with separate counsel filed a motion to intervene, attaching a proposed complaint in intervention containing similar allegations but asserting claims only against ClubCorp and its directors, not AGM. On December 19, 2017, a hearing was held in which the motion to intervene was denied. On January 26, 2018, plaintiffs filed a second consolidated amended complaint.  On February 23, 2018, AGM, ClubCorp, and the ClubCorp directors filed motions to dismiss the second consolidated amended complaint. On March 23, 2018, plaintiffs filed a brief in opposition to the motions to dismiss. On April 20, 2018, defendants filed reply briefs in further support of their motions to dismiss.  On May 24, 2018, the court granted AGM’s motion to dismiss and continued the ClubCorp directors’ motion to dismiss pending additional discovery.  On June 21, 2018, the court executed an order dismissing the claims against AGM with prejudice.

On December 21, 2017, Harbinger Capital Partners II, LP, Harbinger Capital Partners Master Fund I, Ltd., Harbinger Capital Partners Special Situations Fund, L.P., Harbinger Capital Partners Special Situations GP, LLC, Harbinger Capital Partners Offshore Manager, L.L.C., Global Opportunities Breakaway Ltd. (in voluntary liquidation), and Credit Distressed Blue Line Master Fund, Ltd. (collectively, “Harbinger”) commenced an action in New York Supreme Court captioned Harbinger Capital Partners II LP et al. v. Apollo Global Management LLC, et al. (No. 657515/2017). The complaint names as defendants (i) AGM, (ii) the funds managed by Apollo that invested in SkyTerra Communications, Inc. (“SkyTerra”) equity before selling their interests to Harbinger under an April 2008 agreement that closed in 2010, and (iii) six former SkyTerra directors, five of whom are current or former Apollo employees.  The complaint alleges that during the period of Harbinger’s various equity and debt investments in SkyTerra, from 2004 to 2010, Defendants concealed from Harbinger material defects in SkyTerra technology that was to be used to create a new mobile wi-fi network.  The complaint alleges that Harbinger would not have made investments in SkyTerra totaling approximately $1.9 billion had it known of the defects, and that the public disclosure of these defects ultimately led to SkyTerra filing for bankruptcy in 2012 (after it had been renamed LightSquared). The complaint asserts claims against (i) all defendants for fraud, civil conspiracy, and negligent misrepresentation, (ii) AGM and the Apollo-managed funds only for breach of fiduciary duty, breach of contract, and unjust enrichment, and (iii) the SkyTerra director defendants only for aiding and abetting breach of fiduciary duty.  The complaint seeks $1.9 billion in damages, as well as punitive damages, interest, costs, and fees. On February 14, 2018, the parties filed a stipulation in the state court to stay the state court action until December 31, 2018.  The Court entered

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NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(dollars in thousands, except share data, except where noted)

the stay on February 21, 2018.  On February 14, 2018, Defendants moved the United States Bankruptcy Court for the Southern District of New York to reopen the LightSquared bankruptcy proceeding for the limited purpose of enforcing Harbinger’s assignment and release in that bankruptcy of the claims that it asserts in the New York state court action. On February 23, 2018, Apollo filed a Notice of Adjournment on behalf of all parties that adjourned without date the hearing on the motion to reopen, to be rescheduled to a new date and time following the expiration of the state-court stay.  Apollo believes these claims are without merit.  Because this action is in its early stages, no reasonable estimate of possible loss, if any, can be made at this time.

On February 9, 2018, plaintiffs Joseph M. Dropp, Mary E. Dropp, Robert Levine, Susan Levine, and Kaarina Pakka filed a complaint in the United States District Court for the District of Nevada against Apollo Management VIII, L.P. (“Management VIII”), AGM and Diamond Resorts International, Inc. (“Diamond”) and several of its affiliates and executives. Plaintiffs, who allege that they bought vacation interest points from Diamond, allege that the points are securities and that defendants violated federal securities laws by selling the points without registering them as securities. Plaintiffs also assert a “control person” claim against Management VIII and AGM. Plaintiffs assert their claims on their own behalf and on behalf of a purported class of Diamond customers who bought vacation interest points over the last three years. They seek injunctive relief prohibiting defendants from continuing to market and sell unregistered securities, the right to rescind their purchases, and unspecified compensatory damages. On April 11, 2018, Defendants filed motions to sever Ms. Pakka's claims from the claims of the other plaintiffs and to transfer those claims to the United States District Court for the District of Hawaii. In regard to the other plaintiffs, Defendants filed motions to compel those plaintiffs to arbitrate their claims; to strike their class action claim and to pursue their arbitration claim individually, rather than jointly; and to dismiss the complaint or, in the alternative, stay it pending arbitration. Because this action is in the early stages, no reasonable estimate of possible loss, if any, can be made at this time.

Five substantially similar shareholder class action lawsuits related to the January 19, 2018 IPO of ADT Inc. common stock were filed in the Circuit Court of the Fifteenth Judicial Circuit in and for Palm Beach County, Florida in March, April and May 2018.  The actions are entitled Goldstrand Investments Inc. v. ADT Inc., Krebsbach v. ADT Inc., Katz v. ADT Inc., Sweet v. ADT Inc., and Lowinger v. ADT Inc.  Plaintiffs in each case allege the purchase of ADT common stock in or traceable to the IPO or “pursuant to” ADT’s registration statement, assert claims for alleged violations of the Securities Act of 1933 (the “1933 Act”) and seek to represent a class of similarly situated shareholders.  Each of the complaints names ADT Inc. and various ADT officers, directors and IPO underwriters, including Apollo Global Securities, LLC, as defendants.  Plaintiffs allege that the defendants violated the 1933 Act because the registration statement and prospectus used to effectuate the IPO were false and misleading in that they allegedly misled investors with respect to material litigation involving ADT, ADT’s efforts to protect its intellectual property, competitive pressures ADT faced, ADT’s customer acquisition costs, and false-alarm pressures.  On July 10, 2018, the Court entered an order consolidating the cases under the caption In re ADT Inc. Shareholder Litigation and providing that plaintiffs shall file a consolidated complaint by August 24, 2018. On May 21, 2018, a similar shareholder class action lawsuit also related to the January 19, 2018 IPO was filed in the United States District Court for the Southern District of Florida.  The action is entitled Perdomo v. ADT Inc.  On July 20, 2018, several purported ADT shareholders filed competing motions to be named lead plaintiff in that action.  Those motions are pending. Because these actions are in the early stages, no reasonable estimate of possible loss, if any, can be made at this time.

On May 3, 2018, Caldera Holdings Ltd, Caldera Life Reinsurance Company, and Caldera Shareholder, L.P. (collectively, “Caldera”) filed a summons with notice in the Supreme Court of the State of New York, New York County, naming as defendants AGM, Apollo Management, L.P., Apollo Advisors VIII, L.P., Apollo Capital Management VIII, LLC, Athene Asset Management, L.P., Athene Holding, Ltd., and Leon Black (collectively, “Defendants” and all but Athene Holding, Ltd., the “Apollo Defendants”). On July 12, 2018, Caldera filed a complaint, Index No. 652175/2018 (the “Complaint”), alleging three causes of action: (1) tortious interference with prospective business relations/prospective economic advantage; (2) defamation/trade disparagement/injurious falsehood; and (3) unfair competition. The Complaint seeks damages of no less than $1.5 billion, as well as exemplary and punitive damages, attorneys’ fees, interest, and an injunction. Defendants’ response to the Complaint is due on August 22, 2018.  The Apollo Defendants believe that the claims contained in the Complaint lack merit and intend to defend the case vigorously. Because this action is in the early stages, no reasonable estimate of possible loss, if any, can be made at this time.
Commitments and Contingencies—Apollo leases office space and certain office equipment under various lease and sublease arrangements, which expire on various dates through 2036. As these leases expire, it can be expected that in the normal course of business, they will be renewed or replaced. Certain lease agreements contain renewal options, rent escalation provisions based on certain costs incurred by the landlord or other inducements provided by the landlord. Rent expense is accrued to recognize lease escalation provisions and inducements provided by the landlord, if any, on a straight-line basis over the lease term and renewal periods where applicable. Apollo has entered into various operating lease service agreements in respect of certain assets.

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APOLLO GLOBAL MANAGEMENT, LLC
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(dollars in thousands, except share data, except where noted)

The approximate aggregate minimum future payments required for operating leases are presented below and include the future payments for a lease signed on July 30, 2018:
 
Remaining 2018
 
2019
 
2020
 
2021
 
2022
 
Thereafter
 
Total
Aggregate minimum future payments(1)
$
18,403

 
$
36,546

 
$
24,400

 
$
31,485

 
$
35,395

 
$
435,506

 
$
581,735

(1)
Includes payments associated with a lease which was signed on July 30, 2018.
Expenses related to non-cancellable contractual obligations for premises, equipment, auto and other assets were $10.2 million and $10.1 million for the three months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively, and $20.0 million and $20.4 million for the six months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively, and are included in general, administrative and other on the condensed consolidated statements of operations.
Other long-term obligations relate to payments with respect to certain consulting agreements entered into by Apollo Investment Consulting LLC, a subsidiary of Apollo, as well as long-term service contracts. A significant portion of these costs are reimbursable by funds or portfolio companies. As of June 30, 2018, fixed and determinable payments due in connection with these obligations were as follows:
 
Remaining 2018
 
2019
 
2020
 
2021
 
2022
 
Thereafter
 
Total
Other long-term obligations
$
13,841

 
$
7,172

 
$
2,357

 
$
2,107

 
$
1,497

 
$
1,240

 
$
28,214

Contingent Obligations—Performance allocations with respect to certain funds are subject to reversal in the event of future losses to the extent of the cumulative revenues recognized in income to date. If all of the existing investments became worthless, the amount of cumulative revenues that have been recognized by Apollo through June 30, 2018 and that would be reversed approximates $3.5 billion. Management views the possibility of all of the investments becoming worthless as remote. Performance allocations are affected by changes in the fair values of the underlying investments in the funds that Apollo manages. Valuations, on an unrealized basis, can be significantly affected by a variety of external factors including, but not limited to, bond yields and industry trading multiples. Movements in these items can affect valuations quarter to quarter even if the underlying business fundamentals remain stable.
Additionally, at the end of the life of certain funds that the Company manages, there could be a payment due to a fund by the Company if the Company, as general partner, has received more performance allocations than was ultimately earned. The general partner obligation amount, if any, will depend on final realized values of investments at the end of the life of each fund or as otherwise set forth in the respective limited partnership agreement of the fund. See note 13 to our condensed consolidated financial statements for further details regarding the general partner obligation.
Certain funds may not generate performance allocations as a result of unrealized and realized losses that are recognized in the current and prior reporting period. In certain cases, performance allocations will not be generated until additional unrealized and realized gains occur. Any appreciation would first cover the deductions for invested capital, unreturned organizational expenses, operating expenses, management fees and priority returns based on the terms of the respective fund agreements.
One of the Company’s subsidiaries, AGS, provides underwriting commitments in connection with securities offerings to the portfolio companies of the funds Apollo manages. As of June 30, 2018, there were no underwriting commitments outstanding related to such offerings.
Contingent Consideration—In connection with the acquisition of Stone Tower in April 2012, the Company agreed to pay the former owners of Stone Tower a specified percentage of any future performance revenues earned from certain of the Stone Tower funds, CLOs, and strategic investment accounts. This contingent consideration liability was determined based on the present value of estimated future performance revenue payments, and is recorded in profit sharing payable in the condensed consolidated statements of financial condition. The fair value of the remaining contingent obligation was $82.0 million and $92.6 million as of June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively.
The contingent consideration obligations will be remeasured to fair value at each reporting period until the obligations are satisfied and are characterized as Level III liabilities. The changes in the fair value of the contingent consideration obligations

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APOLLO GLOBAL MANAGEMENT, LLC
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(dollars in thousands, except share data, except where noted)

is reflected in profit sharing expense in the condensed consolidated statements of operations. See note 6 for further information regarding fair value measurements.
15. SEGMENT REPORTING
Apollo conducts its business primarily in the United States and substantially all of its revenues are generated domestically. Apollo’s business is conducted through three reportable segments: credit, private equity and real assets. Segment information is utilized by our Managing Partners, who operate collectively as our chief operating decision maker, to assess performance and to allocate resources. These segments were established based on the nature of investment activities in each underlying fund, including the specific type of investment made and the level of control over the investment.
The performance is measured by the Company’s chief operating decision maker on an unconsolidated basis because management makes operating decisions and assesses the performance of each of Apollo’s business segments based on financial and operating metrics and data that exclude the effects of consolidation of any of the affiliated funds.
Economic Income (Loss)
Economic Income (Loss), or “EI”, is a key performance measure used by management in evaluating the performance of Apollo’s credit, private equity and real assets segments. Management believes the components of EI, such as the amount of management fees, advisory and transaction fees and performance fees, are indicative of the Company’s performance. Management uses EI in making key operating decisions such as the following:
•
Decisions related to the allocation of resources such as staffing decisions including hiring and locations for deployment of the new hires;
•
Decisions related to capital deployment such as providing capital to facilitate growth for the business and/or to facilitate expansion into new businesses; and
•
Decisions related to expenses, such as determining annual discretionary bonuses and equity-based compensation awards to its employees. With respect to compensation, management seeks to align the interests of certain professionals and selected other individuals with those of the investors in such funds and those of the Company’s shareholders by providing such individuals a profit sharing interest in the performance fees earned in relation to the funds. To achieve that objective, a certain amount of compensation is based on the Company’s performance and growth for the year.
EI is a measure of profitability and has certain limitations in that it does not take into account certain items included under U.S. GAAP. EI represents segment income (loss) before income tax provision excluding transaction-related charges arising from the 2007 private placement, and any acquisitions. Transaction-related charges includes equity-based compensation charges, the amortization of intangible assets, contingent consideration and certain other charges associated with acquisitions. In addition, EI excludes non-cash revenue and expense related to equity awards granted by unconsolidated related parties to employees of the Company, compensation and administrative related expense reimbursements, as well as the assets, liabilities and operating results of the funds and VIEs that are included in the condensed consolidated financial statements. We believe the exclusion of the non-cash charges related to the 2007 Reorganization for equity-based compensation provides investors with a meaningful indication of our performance because these charges relate to the equity portion of our capital structure and not our core operating performance. EI also excludes impacts of the remeasurement of the tax receivable agreement recorded in other income, which arises from changes in the associated deferred tax balance, including the impacts related to the TCJA.
Management believes that excluding the remeasurement of the tax receivable agreement from EI is meaningful as it increases comparability between periods. Remeasurement of the tax receivable agreement is an estimate, and may change due to changes in interpretations and assumptions based on additional guidance that may be issued pertaining to the TCJA.

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APOLLO GLOBAL MANAGEMENT, LLC
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(dollars in thousands, except share data, except where noted)

The following tables present financial data for Apollo’s reportable segments.
 
As of and for the Three Months Ended June 30, 2018
 
Credit
Segment
 
Private Equity
Segment
 
Real Assets
Segment
 
Total Reportable
Segments
Revenues:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Management fees
$
184,587

 
$
122,812

 
$
18,465

 
$
325,864

Advisory and transaction fees, net
2,284

 
13,294

 
2

 
15,580

Performance fees(1):
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Unrealized(2)
7,649

 
13,228

 
(258
)
 
20,619

Realized
64,797

 
52,641

 
2,802

 
120,240

Total performance fees
72,446

 
65,869

 
2,544

 
140,859

Principal investment income
10,888

 
11,105

 
799

 
22,792

Total Revenues(3)
270,205

 
213,080

 
21,810

 
505,095

Expenses:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Compensation and benefits:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Salary, bonus and benefits
57,894

 
36,509

 
10,098

 
104,501

Equity-based compensation
8,311

 
6,875

 
847

 
16,033

Profit sharing expense:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Unrealized
3,052

 
6,380

 
(307
)
 
9,125

Realized
37,106

 
31,644

 
1,060

 
69,810

Equity-based(4)
2,072

 
15,483

 
290

 
17,845

Total profit sharing expense
42,230

 
53,507

 
1,043

 
96,780

Total compensation and benefits
108,435

 
96,891

 
11,988

 
217,314

Non-compensation expenses:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
General, administrative and other
33,626

 
15,740

 
6,310

 
55,676

Placement fees
279

 
32

 
—

 
311

Total non-compensation expenses
33,905

 
15,772

 
6,310

 
55,987

Total Expenses(3)
142,340

 
112,663

 
18,298

 
273,301

Other Loss:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net gains (losses) from investment activities
(47,432
)
 
(20,137
)
 
4

 
(67,565
)
Net interest loss
(5,382
)
 
(3,857
)
 
(1,097
)
 
(10,336
)
Other loss, net
(2,319
)
 
(2,398
)
 
(699
)
 
(5,416
)
Total Other Loss(3)
(55,133
)
 
(26,392
)
 
(1,792
)
 
(83,317
)
Non-Controlling Interests
(1,364
)
 
—

 
—

 
(1,364
)
Economic Income(3)
$
71,368

 
$
74,025

 
$
1,720

 
$
147,113

Total Assets(3)
$
2,648,979

 
$
2,568,187

 
$
206,413

 
$
5,423,579

(1)
Performance fees includes performance allocations and incentive fees.
(2)
Included in unrealized performance fees for the three months ended June 30, 2018 was a reversal of previously realized performance fees due to the general partner obligation to return previously distributed performance fees.
(3)
Refer below for a reconciliation of total revenues, total expenses, other income and total assets for Apollo’s total reportable segments to total consolidated revenues, total consolidated expenses, total consolidated other income (loss) and total assets.
(4)
Relates to amortization of restricted share awards granted under certain profit sharing arrangements.


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APOLLO GLOBAL MANAGEMENT, LLC
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(dollars in thousands, except share data, except where noted)

 
For the Three Months Ended June 30, 2017
 
Credit
Segment
 
Private Equity
Segment
 
Real Assets
Segment
 
Total Reportable
Segments
Revenues:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Management fees
$
169,856

 
$
77,275

 
$
19,777

 
$
266,908

Advisory and transaction fees, net
3,709

 
19,302

 
618

 
23,629

Performance fees(1):
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Unrealized(2)
26,921

 
(98,372
)
 
926

 
(70,525
)
Realized
57,119

 
136,497

 
5,175

 
198,791

Total performance fees
84,040

 
38,125

 
6,101

 
128,266

Principal investment income
5,856

 
10,348

 
1,015

 
17,219

Total Revenues(3)
263,461

 
145,050

 
27,511

 
436,022

Expenses:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Compensation and benefits:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Salary, bonus and benefits
59,244

 
30,294

 
9,022

 
98,560

Equity-based compensation
9,228

 
7,704

 
634

 
17,566

Profit sharing expense:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Unrealized
12,927

 
(34,983
)
 
(70
)
 
(22,126
)
Realized
23,080

 
53,137

 
2,866

 
79,083

Equity-based(4)
582

 
462

 
—

 
1,044

Total profit sharing expense
36,589

 
18,616

 
2,796

 
58,001

Total compensation and benefits
105,061

 
56,614

 
12,452

 
174,127

Non-compensation expenses:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
General, administrative and other
31,760

 
16,617

 
5,297

 
53,674

Placement fees
3,918

 
1,341

 
—

 
5,259

Total non-compensation expenses
35,678

 
17,958

 
5,297

 
58,933

Total Expenses(3)
140,739

 
74,572

 
17,749

 
233,060

Other Loss:
   

 
 
 
 
 
 
Net losses from investment activities
(299
)
 
(100
)
 
—

 
(399
)
Net interest loss
(6,484
)
 
(4,336
)
 
(1,247
)
 
(12,067
)
Other income (loss), net
(241
)
 
781

 
240

 
780

Total Other Loss(3)
(7,024
)
 
(3,655
)
 
(1,007
)
 
(11,686
)
Non-Controlling Interests
(559
)
 
—

 
—

 
(559
)
Economic Income(3)
$
115,139

 
$
66,823

 
$
8,755

 
$
190,717

(1)
Performance fees includes performance allocations and incentive fees.
(2)
Included in unrealized performance fees for the three months ended June 30, 2017 was a reversal of previously realized performance fees due to the general partner obligation to return previously distributed performance fees.
(3)
Refer below for a reconciliation of total revenues, total expenses and other income for Apollo’s total reportable segments to total consolidated revenues, total consolidated expenses and total consolidated other income (loss).
(4)
Relates to amortization of equity-based awards granted under certain profit sharing arrangements.

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APOLLO GLOBAL MANAGEMENT, LLC
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(dollars in thousands, except share data, except where noted)

The following table reconciles total consolidated revenues to total revenues for Apollo’s reportable segments.
 
For the Three Months Ended June 30,
 
2018
 
2017
Total Consolidated Revenues
$
523,316

 
$
449,708

Equity awards granted by unconsolidated related parties and reimbursable expenses(1)
(20,200
)
 
(15,179
)
Adjustments related to consolidated funds and VIEs(1)
1,979

 
1,493

Total Reportable Segments Revenues
$
505,095

 
$
436,022

(1)
Represents advisory fees, management fees and performance fees earned from consolidated VIEs which are eliminated in consolidation. Includes non-cash revenues related to equity awards granted by unconsolidated related parties to employees of the Company and certain compensation and administrative related expense reimbursements.
The following table reconciles total consolidated expenses to total expenses for Apollo’s reportable segments
 
For the Three Months Ended June 30,
 
2018
 
2017
Total Consolidated Expenses
$
301,394

 
$
264,526

Equity awards granted by unconsolidated related parties and reimbursable expenses(1)
(19,836
)
 
(15,179
)
Transaction-related compensation charges(1)
7,854

 
(1,549
)
Reclassification of interest expenses
(15,162
)
 
(13,195
)
Amortization of transaction-related intangibles(1)
(949
)
 
(1,543
)
Total Reportable Segments Expenses
$
273,301

 
$
233,060

(1)
Represents the addition of expenses of consolidated funds and VIEs, transaction-related charges, non-cash expenses related to equity awards granted by unconsolidated related parties to employees of the Company and certain compensation and administrative expenses. Transaction-related charges include equity-based compensation charges, the amortization of intangible assets, contingent consideration and certain other charges associated with acquisitions.
The following table reconciles total consolidated other income (loss) to total other loss for Apollo’s reportable segments.
 
For the Three Months Ended June 30,
 
2018
 
2017
Total Consolidated Other Income (Loss)
$
(59,188
)
 
$
6,983

Reclassification of interest expense
(15,162
)
 
(13,195
)
Adjustments related to consolidated funds and VIEs(1)
(8,967
)
 
(5,474
)
Total Reportable Segments Other Loss
$
(83,317
)
 
$
(11,686
)
(1)
Represents the addition of other income of consolidated funds and VIEs.

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APOLLO GLOBAL MANAGEMENT, LLC
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(dollars in thousands, except share data, except where noted)

The following table presents the reconciliation of income before income tax provision reported in the condensed consolidated statements of operations to Economic Income.
 
For the Three Months Ended June 30,
 
2018
 
2017
Income before income tax provision
$
162,734

 
$
192,165

Adjustments:
 
 
 
Net income attributable to Non-Controlling Interests in consolidated entities
(8,716
)
 
(4,535
)
Transaction-related charges, net(1)
(6,905
)
 
3,087

Total consolidation adjustments and other
(15,621
)
 
(1,448
)
Economic Income
$
147,113

 
$
190,717

 
(1)
Transaction-related charges include equity-based compensation charges, the amortization of intangible assets, contingent consideration and certain other charges associated with acquisitions.


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APOLLO GLOBAL MANAGEMENT, LLC
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(dollars in thousands, except share data, except where noted)

The following tables present financial data for Apollo’s reportable segments.
 
As of and for the Six Months Ended June 30, 2018
 
Credit
Segment
 
Private Equity
Segment
 
Real Assets
Segment
 
Total Reportable
Segments
Revenues:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Management fees
$
367,657

 
$
193,972

 
$
36,438

 
$
598,067

Advisory and transaction fees, net
4,632

 
23,892

 
50

 
28,574

Performance fees(1):
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Unrealized(2)
35,360

 
(432,240
)
 
(2,923
)
 
(399,803
)
Realized
79,854

 
331,916

 
5,928

 
417,698

Total performance fees
115,214

 
(100,324
)
 
3,005

 
17,895

Principal investment income (loss)
16,297

 
(6,426
)
 
317

 
10,188

Total Revenues(3)
503,800

 
111,114

 
39,810

 
654,724

Expenses:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Compensation and benefits:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Salary, bonus and benefits
118,968

 
71,530

 
20,534

 
211,032

Equity-based compensation
18,038

 
13,647

 
1,706

 
33,391

Profit sharing expense:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Unrealized
18,765

 
(131,253
)
 
(1,398
)
 
(113,886
)
Realized
43,708

 
133,726

 
2,646

 
180,080

Equity-based(4)
3,863

 
28,084

 
539

 
32,486

Total profit sharing expense
66,336

 
30,557

 
1,787

 
98,680

Total compensation and benefits
203,342

 
115,734

 
24,027

 
343,103

Non-compensation expenses:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
General, administrative and other
66,761

 
30,838

 
12,452

 
110,051

Placement fees
555

 
83

 
—

 
638

Total non-compensation expenses
67,316

 
30,921

 
12,452

 
110,689

Total Expenses(3)
270,658

 
146,655

 
36,479

 
453,792

Other Loss:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net gains (losses) from investment activities
(102,699
)
 
(32,014
)
 
11

 
(134,702
)
Net interest loss
(10,353
)
 
(7,784
)
 
(2,140
)
 
(20,277
)
Other income (loss), net
1,627

 
(2,147
)
 
(636
)
 
(1,156
)
Total Other Loss(3)
(111,425
)
 
(41,945
)
 
(2,765
)
 
(156,135
)
Non-Controlling Interests
(2,579
)
 
—

 
—

 
(2,579
)
Economic Income (Loss)(3)
$
119,138

 
$
(77,486
)
 
$
566

 
$
42,218

Total Assets(3)
$
2,648,979

 
$
2,568,187

 
$
206,413

 
$
5,423,579

(1)
Performance fees includes performance allocations and incentive fees.
(2)
Included in unrealized performance fees for the six months ended June 30, 2018 was a reversal of previously realized performance fees due to the general partner obligation to return previously distributed performance fees.
(3)
Refer below for a reconciliation of total revenues, total expenses, other income and total assets for Apollo’s total reportable segments to total consolidated revenues, total consolidated expenses, total consolidated other income (loss) and total assets.
(4)
Relates to amortization of equity-based awards granted under certain profit sharing arrangements.


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APOLLO GLOBAL MANAGEMENT, LLC
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(dollars in thousands, except share data, except where noted)

 
For the Six Months Ended June 30, 2017
 
Credit
Segment
 
Private Equity
Segment
 
Real Assets
Segment
 
Total Reportable
Segments
Revenues:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Management fees
$
328,198

 
$
154,673

 
$
36,090

 
$
518,961

Advisory and transaction fees, net
6,265

 
31,074

 
1,357

 
38,696

Performance fees(1):
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Unrealized(2)
33,243

 
65,247

 
3,530

 
102,020

Realized
88,055

 
291,958

 
5,239

 
385,252

Total performance fees
121,298

 
357,205

 
8,769

 
487,272

Principal investment income
12,339

 
42,076

 
2,018

 
56,433

Total Revenues(3)
468,100

 
585,028

 
48,234

 
1,101,362

Expenses:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Compensation and benefits:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Salary, bonus and benefits
114,126

 
61,763

 
17,392

 
193,281

Equity-based compensation
18,330

 
14,799

 
1,182

 
34,311

Profit sharing expense:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Unrealized
15,142

 
20,033

 
1,964

 
37,139

Realized
36,525

 
128,389

 
2,892

 
167,806

Equity-based
869

 
462

 
—

 
1,331

Total profit sharing expense
52,536

 
148,884

 
4,856

 
206,276

Total compensation and benefits
184,992

 
225,446

 
23,430

 
433,868

Non-compensation expenses:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
General, administrative and other
63,850

 
33,977

 
9,779

 
107,606

Placement fees
5,688

 
1,475

 
—

 
7,163

Total non-compensation expenses
69,538

 
35,452

 
9,779

 
114,769

Total Expenses(3)
254,530

 
260,898

 
33,209

 
548,637

Other Income (Loss):
   

 
 
 
 
 
 
Net gains from investment activities
30,795

 
3,296

 
—

 
34,091

Net interest loss
(13,006
)
 
(8,578
)
 
(2,471
)
 
(24,055
)
Other income, net
570

 
18,571

 
303

 
19,444

Total Other Income (Loss)(3)
18,359

 
13,289

 
(2,168
)
 
29,480

Non-Controlling Interests
(1,493
)
 
—

 
—

 
(1,493
)
Economic Income(3)
$
230,436

 
$
337,419

 
$
12,857

 
$
580,712

(1)
Performance fees includes performance allocations and incentive fees.
(2)
Included in unrealized performance fees for the six months ended June 30, 2017 was a reversal of previously realized performance fees due to the general partner obligation to return previously distributed performance fees.
(3)
Refer below for a reconciliation of total revenues, total expenses and other income for Apollo’s total reportable segments to total consolidated revenues, total consolidated expenses and total consolidated other income (loss).


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APOLLO GLOBAL MANAGEMENT, LLC
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(dollars in thousands, except share data, except where noted)

The following table reconciles total consolidated revenues to total revenues for Apollo’s reportable segments:
 
For the Six Months Ended June 30,
 
2018
 
2017
Total Consolidated Revenues
$
690,219

 
$
1,131,812

Equity awards granted by unconsolidated related parties, reimbursable expenses and other(1)
(39,113
)
 
(33,402
)
Adjustments related to consolidated funds and VIEs(1)
3,618

 
2,952

Total Reportable Segments Revenues
$
654,724

 
$
1,101,362

(1)
Represents advisory fees, management fees and performance fees earned from consolidated VIEs which are eliminated in consolidation. Includes non-cash revenues related to equity awards granted by unconsolidated related parties to employees of the Company and certain compensation and administrative related expense reimbursements.
The following table reconciles total consolidated expenses to total expenses for Apollo’s reportable segments:
 
For the Six Months Ended June 30,
 
2018
 
2017
Total Consolidated Expenses
$
516,269

 
$
610,514

Equity awards granted by unconsolidated related parties, reimbursable expenses and other(1)
(38,571
)
 
(33,402
)
Transaction-related compensation charges(1)
6,962

 
1,134

Reclassification of interest expenses
(28,959
)
 
(26,194
)
Amortization of transaction-related intangibles(1)
(1,909
)
 
(3,415
)
Total Reportable Segments Expenses
$
453,792

 
$
548,637

(1)
Represents the addition of expenses of consolidated funds and VIEs, transaction-related charges, non-cash expenses related to equity awards granted by unconsolidated related parties to employees of the Company and certain compensation and administrative expenses. Transaction-related charges include equity-based compensation charges, the amortization of intangible assets, contingent consideration and certain other charges associated with acquisitions.
The following table reconciles total consolidated other income (loss) to total other income (loss) for Apollo’s reportable segments:
 
For the Six Months Ended June 30,
 
2018
 
2017
Total Consolidated Other Income (Loss)
$
(111,984
)
 
$
65,058

Reclassification of interest expense
(28,959
)
 
(26,194
)
Adjustments related to consolidated funds and VIEs(1)
(15,192
)
 
(9,384
)
Total Reportable Segments Other Income (Loss)
$
(156,135
)
 
$
29,480

(1)
Represents the addition of other income of consolidated funds and VIEs.

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APOLLO GLOBAL MANAGEMENT, LLC
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(dollars in thousands, except share data, except where noted)

The following table presents the reconciliation of income before income tax provision reported in the condensed consolidated statements of operations to Economic Income:
 
For the Six Months Ended June 30,
 
2018
 
2017
Income before income tax provision
$
61,966

 
$
586,356

Adjustments:
 
 
 
Transaction-related charges(1)
(5,053
)
 
2,275

Net income attributable to Non-Controlling Interests in consolidated entities and appropriated partners’ capital
(14,695
)
 
(7,919
)
Total consolidation adjustments and other
(19,748
)
 
(5,644
)
Economic Income
$
42,218

 
$
580,712

 
(1)
Transaction-related charges include equity-based compensation charges, the amortization of intangible assets, contingent consideration and certain other charges associated with acquisitions.
The following table presents the reconciliation of Apollo’s total reportable segment assets to total assets:
 
As of
June 30, 2018
 
As of
December 31, 2017
Total reportable segment assets
$
5,423,579

 
$
5,740,943

Adjustments(1)
1,215,434

 
1,250,127

Total assets
$
6,639,013

 
$
6,991,070

(1)
Represents the addition of assets of consolidated funds and VIEs and consolidation elimination adjustments.
16. SUBSEQUENT EVENTS
On August 2, 2018, the Company declared a cash distribution of $0.43 per Class A share, which will be paid on August 31, 2018 to holders of record on August 17, 2018.
On August 2, 2018, the Company declared a cash distribution of $0.398438 per Series A Preferred share and Series B Preferred share which will be paid on September 17, 2018 to holders of record on September 1, 2018.
On July 11, 2018, AMH as borrower (the “Borrower”) entered into a new credit agreement (the “2018 AMH Credit Facility”) with the lenders and issuing banks party thereto and Citibank, N.A., as administrative agent for the lenders. The 2018 AMH Credit Facility replaces the Revolver Facility (see note 9) and provides for a $750 million revolving credit facility to the Borrower with a final maturity date of July 11, 2023. In addition, the Borrower may incur incremental facilities in respect of the 2018 AMH Credit Facility in an aggregate amount not to exceed $250 million plus additional amounts so long as the Borrower is in compliance with a maximum net leverage ratio.
As of July 11, 2018, the 2018 AMH Credit Facility was undrawn. The interest rate on the 2018 AMH Credit Facility as of the closing date was based on adjusted LIBOR and the applicable margin was 1.00%. The undrawn revolving commitment fee was 0.09% as of the closing date. Borrowings under the 2018 AMH Credit Facility may be used for working capital and general corporate purposes, including, without limitation, permitted acquisitions. The 2013 AMH Credit Facilities and all related loan documents were terminated as of July 11, 2018.
On July 30, 2018, the Company entered into an agreement to lease office space at 9 West 57th Street, New York, New York. The term of the lease extends through 2036. See note 14 for information regarding aggregate minimum future payments.

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ITEM 1A.     UNAUDITED SUPPLEMENTAL PRESENTATION OF STATEMENTS
OF FINANCIAL CONDITION
APOLLO GLOBAL MANAGEMENT, LLC
CONSOLIDATING STATEMENTS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION (Unaudited)
(dollars in thousands, except share data)
 
As of June 30, 2018
 
Apollo Global Management, LLC and Consolidated Subsidiaries
 
Consolidated Funds and VIEs
 
Eliminations
 
Consolidated
Assets:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Cash and cash equivalents
$
1,093,120

 
$
5

 
$
—

 
$
1,093,125

Restricted cash
3,859

 
—

 
—

 
3,859

U.S. Treasury securities, at fair value
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

Investments
3,309,723

 
694

 
(79,829
)
 
3,230,588

Assets of consolidated variable interest entities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Cash and cash equivalents
—

 
58,983

 
—

 
58,983

Investments, at fair value
—

 
1,183,085

 
(314
)
 
1,182,771

Other assets
—

 
57,246

 
—

 
57,246

Incentive fees receivable
17,496

 
—

 
—

 
17,496

Due from related parties
319,380

 
—

 
(4,136
)
 
315,244

Deferred tax assets, net
364,061

 
—

 
—

 
364,061

Other assets
209,782

 
—

 
(300
)
 
209,482

Goodwill
88,852

 
—

 
—

 
88,852

Intangible assets, net
17,306

 
—

 
—

 
17,306

Total Assets
$
5,423,579

 
$
1,300,013

 
$
(84,579
)
 
$
6,639,013

Liabilities and Shareholders’ Equity
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Liabilities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Accounts payable and accrued expenses
$
74,466

 
$
—

 
$
—

 
$
74,466

Accrued compensation and benefits
110,311

 
—

 
—

 
110,311

Deferred revenue
109,182

 
—

 
—

 
109,182

Due to related parties
412,092

 
—

 
—

 
412,092

Profit sharing payable
659,907

 
—

 
—

 
659,907

Debt
1,357,640

 
—

 
—

 
1,357,640

Liabilities of consolidated variable interest entities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Debt, at fair value
—

 
925,807

 
(45,592
)
 
880,215

Other liabilities
—

 
74,012

 
(300
)
 
73,712

Due to related parties
—

 
1,401

 
(1,401
)
 
—

Other liabilities
139,511

 
—

 
—

 
139,511

Total Liabilities
2,863,109

 
1,001,220

 
(47,293
)
 
3,817,036

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Shareholders’ Equity:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Apollo Global Management, LLC shareholders’ equity:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Series A Preferred shares
264,398

 
—

 
—

 
264,398

Series B Preferred shares
289,815

 
—

 
—

 
289,815

Additional paid in capital
1,429,307

 
—

 
—

 
1,429,307

Accumulated deficit
(430,335
)
 
8,418

 
(8,418
)
 
(430,335
)
Accumulated other comprehensive loss
(2,967
)
 
(1,829
)
 
1,666

 
(3,130
)
Total Apollo Global Management, LLC shareholders’ equity
1,550,218

 
6,589

 
(6,752
)
 
1,550,055

Non-Controlling Interests in consolidated entities
7,492

 
292,204

 
(30,534
)
 
269,162

Non-Controlling Interests in Apollo Operating Group
1,002,760

 
—

 
—

 
1,002,760

Total Shareholders’ Equity
2,560,470

 
298,793

 
(37,286
)
 
2,821,977

Total Liabilities and Shareholders’ Equity
$
5,423,579

 
$
1,300,013

 
$
(84,579
)
 
$
6,639,013


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APOLLO GLOBAL MANAGEMENT, LLC
CONSOLIDATING STATEMENTS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION (Unaudited)
(dollars in thousands, except share data)
 
As of December 31, 2017
 
Apollo Global Management, LLC and Consolidated Subsidiaries
 
Consolidated Funds and VIEs
 
Eliminations
 
Consolidated
Assets:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Cash and cash equivalents
$
751,252

 
$
21

 
$
—

 
$
751,273

Restricted cash
3,875

 
—

 
—

 
3,875

U.S. Treasury securities, at fair value
364,649

 
—

 
—

 
364,649

Investments
3,637,042

 
854

 
(78,062
)
 
3,559,834

Assets of consolidated variable interest entities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Cash and cash equivalents
—

 
92,912

 
—

 
92,912

Investments, at fair value
—

 
1,196,512

 
(322
)
 
1,196,190

Other assets
—

 
39,484

 
—

 
39,484

Incentive fees receivable
43,176

 
—

 
—

 
43,176

Due from related parties
263,572

 
—

 
(984
)
 
262,588

Deferred tax assets
337,638

 
—

 
—

 
337,638

Other assets
232,045

 
5

 
(293
)
 
231,757

Goodwill
88,852

 
—

 
—

 
88,852

Intangible assets, net
18,842

 
—

 
—

 
18,842

Total Assets
$
5,740,943

 
$
1,329,788

 
$
(79,661
)
 
$
6,991,070

Liabilities and Shareholders’ Equity
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Liabilities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Accounts payable and accrued expenses
$
68,873

 
$
—

 
$
—

 
$
68,873

Accrued compensation and benefits
62,474

 
—

 
—

 
62,474

Deferred revenue
128,146

 
—

 
—

 
128,146

Due to related parties
428,013

 
—

 
—

 
428,013

Profit sharing payable
752,276

 
—

 
—

 
752,276

Debt
1,362,402

 
—

 
—

 
1,362,402

Liabilities of consolidated variable interest entities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Debt, at fair value
—

 
1,049,235

 
(47,172
)
 
1,002,063

Other liabilities
—

 
115,951

 
(293
)
 
115,658

Due to related parties
—

 
2,719

 
(2,719
)
 
—

Other liabilities
173,369

 
—

 
—

 
173,369

Total Liabilities
2,975,553

 
1,167,905

 
(50,184
)
 
4,093,274

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Shareholders’ Equity:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Apollo Global Management, LLC shareholders’ equity:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Series A Preferred shares
264,398

 
—

 
—

 
264,398

Additional paid in capital
1,579,797

 
—

 
—

 
1,579,797

Accumulated deficit
(379,461
)
 
9,037

 
(9,036
)
 
(379,460
)
Accumulated other comprehensive loss
(1,878
)
 
(381
)
 
450

 
(1,809
)
Total Apollo Global Management, LLC shareholders’ equity
1,462,856

 
8,656

 
(8,586
)
 
1,462,926

Non-Controlling Interests in consolidated entities
7,750

 
153,227

 
(20,891
)
 
140,086

Non-Controlling Interests in Apollo Operating Group
1,294,784

 
—

 
—

 
1,294,784

Total Shareholders’ Equity
2,765,390

 
161,883

 
(29,477
)
 
2,897,796

Total Liabilities and Shareholders’ Equity
$
5,740,943

 
$
1,329,788

 
$
(79,661
)
 
$
6,991,070


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ITEM 2.
MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
The following discussion should be read in conjunction with Apollo Global Management, LLC’s condensed consolidated financial statements and the related notes included within this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. This discussion contains forward-looking statements that are subject to known and unknown risks and uncertainties. Actual results and the timing of events may differ significantly from those expressed or implied in such forward-looking statements due to a number of factors, including those included in the section entitled “Risk Factors” in our Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2017 filed with the SEC on February 12, 2018 (the “2017 Annual Report”). The highlights listed below have had significant effects on many items within our condensed consolidated financial statements and affect the comparison of the current period’s activity with those of prior periods.
General
Our Businesses
Founded in 1990, Apollo is a leading global alternative investment manager. We are a contrarian, value-oriented investment manager in credit, private equity and real assets with significant distressed expertise and a flexible mandate in the majority of our funds which enables our funds to invest opportunistically across a company’s capital structure. We raise, invest and manage funds on behalf of some of the world’s most prominent pension, endowment and sovereign wealth funds as well as other institutional and individual investors. Apollo is led by our Managing Partners, Leon Black, Joshua Harris and Marc Rowan, who have worked together for more than 32 years and lead a team of 1,052 employees, including 382 investment professionals, as of June 30, 2018.
Apollo conducts its business primarily in the United States and substantially all of its revenues are generated domestically. These businesses are conducted through the following three reportable segments:
(i)
Credit—primarily invests in non-control corporate and structured debt instruments including performing, stressed and distressed instruments across the capital structure;
(ii)
Private equity—primarily invests in control equity and related debt instruments, convertible securities and distressed debt instruments; and
(iii)
Real assets—primarily invests in real estate equity for the acquisition and recapitalization of real estate assets, portfolios, platforms and operating companies, and real estate debt including first mortgage and mezzanine loans, preferred equity and commercial mortgage backed securities.
These business segments are differentiated based on the varying investment strategies. The performance is measured by management on an unconsolidated basis because management makes operating decisions and assesses the performance of each of Apollo’s business segments based on financial and operating metrics and data that exclude the effects of consolidation of any of the managed funds.
Our financial results vary since performance fees, which generally constitutes a large portion of the income we receive from the funds that we manage, as well as the transaction and advisory fees that we receive, can vary significantly from quarter to quarter and year to year. As a result, we emphasize long-term financial growth and profitability to manage our business.
In addition, the growth in our Fee-Generating AUM during the last year has primarily been in our credit segment. The average management fee rate for these new credit products is at market rates for such products and in certain cases is below our historical rates. Also, due to the complexity of these new product offerings, the Company has incurred and will continue to incur additional costs associated with managing these products. To date, these additional costs have been offset by realized economies of scale and ongoing cost management.
As of June 30, 2018, we had total AUM of $269.5 billion across all of our businesses. More than 90% of our total AUM was in funds with a contractual life at inception of seven years or more, and 46% of such AUM was in permanent capital vehicles. For our credit segment, total gross and net returns, excluding Athene and Athora assets that are managed or advised by Apollo but not directly invested in Apollo funds and investment vehicles or sub-advised by Apollo, were 1.3% and 1.0%, respectively, for the three months ended June 30, 2018 and 2.6% and 2.1%, respectively, for the six months ended June 30, 2018.
As of December 31, 2017, Fund IX held its final closing, raising a total of $23.5 billion in third-party capital and approximately $1.2 billion of additional capital from Apollo and affiliated investors for total commitments of $24.7 billion. On December 31, 2013, Fund VIII held a final closing raising a total of $17.5 billion in third-party capital and approximately $880

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million of additional capital from Apollo and affiliated investors, and as of June 30, 2018, Fund VIII had $4.2 billion of uncalled commitments remaining. Additionally, Fund VII held a final closing in December 2008, raising a total of $14.7 billion, and as of June 30, 2018, Fund VII had $2.1 billion of uncalled commitments remaining. We have consistently produced attractive long-term investment returns in our traditional private equity funds, generating a 39% gross IRR and a 25% net IRR on a compound annual basis from inception through June 30, 2018. Apollo’s private equity fund appreciation (depreciation) was 1.7% and (1.1)% for the three and six months ended June 30, 2018, respectively.
For our real assets segment, total combined gross and net returns for AGRE U.S. Real Estate Fund, L.P. (“U.S. RE Fund I”) and Apollo U.S. RE Fund II, L.P. (“U.S. RE Fund II”) including co-investment capital were 3.7% and 3.2%, respectively, for the three months ended June 30, 2018 and 5.7% and 4.9%, respectively, for the six months ended June 30, 2018.
For further detail related to fund performance metrics across all of our businesses, see “—The Historical Investment Performance of Our Funds.”
Holding Company Structure
The diagram below depicts our current organizational structure:
a2q18structurechart.jpg
Note: The organizational structure chart above depicts a simplified version of the Apollo structure. It does not include all legal entities in the structure. Ownership percentages are as of August 3, 2018.
(1)
The Strategic Investor holds 8.7% of the Class A shares outstanding and 4.3% of the economic interests in the Apollo Operating Group. The Class A shares held by investors other than the Strategic Investor represent 47.6% of the total voting power of our shares entitled to vote and 45.6% of the economic interests in the Apollo Operating Group. Class A shares held by the Strategic Investor do not have voting rights. However, such Class A shares will become entitled to vote upon transfers by the Strategic Investor in accordance with the agreements entered into in connection with the investments made by the Strategic Investor.
(2)
Our Managing Partners own BRH Holdings GP, Ltd., which in turn holds our only outstanding Class B share. The Class B share represents 52.4% of the total voting power of our shares entitled to vote but no economic interest in Apollo Global Management, LLC. Our Managing Partners’ economic interests are instead represented by their indirect beneficial ownership, through Holdings, of 45.4% of the limited partner interests in the Apollo Operating Group.
(3)
Through BRH Holdings, L.P., our Managing Partners indirectly beneficially own through estate planning vehicles, limited partner interests in Holdings.

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(4)
Holdings owns 50.1% of the limited partner interests in each Apollo Operating Group entity. The AOG Units held by Holdings are exchangeable for Class A shares. Our Managing Partners, through their interests in BRH and Holdings, beneficially own 45.4% of the AOG Units. Our Contributing Partners, through their ownership interests in Holdings, beneficially own 4.7% of the AOG Units.
(5)
BRH Holdings GP, Ltd. is the sole member of AGM Management, LLC, our manager. The management of Apollo Global Management, LLC is vested in our manager as provided in our operating agreement.
(6)
Represents 49.9% of the limited partner interests in each Apollo Operating Group entity, held through the intermediate holding companies. Apollo Global Management, LLC, also indirectly owns 100% of the general partner interests in each Apollo Operating Group entity.
Each of the Apollo Operating Group partnerships holds interests in different businesses or entities organized in different jurisdictions.
Our structure is designed to accomplish a number of objectives, the most important of which are as follows:
•
We are a holding company that is qualified as a partnership for U.S. federal income tax purposes. Our intermediate holding companies enable us to maintain our partnership status and to meet the qualifying income exception.
•
We have historically used multiple management companies to segregate operations for business, financial and other reasons. Going forward, we may increase or decrease the number of our management companies or partnerships within the Apollo Operating Group based on our views regarding the appropriate balance between (a) administrative convenience and (b) continued business, financial, tax and other optimization.
Business Environment
As a global investment manager, we are affected by numerous factors, including the condition of financial markets and the economy. Price fluctuations within equity, credit, commodity, foreign exchange markets, as well as interest rates, which may be volatile and mixed across geographies, can significantly impact the valuation of our funds' portfolio companies and related income we may recognize.
In the U.S., the S&P 500 Index increased by 2.9% in the second quarter of 2018, following a decrease of 1.2% in the first quarter of 2018. Outside the U.S., global equity markets declined during the second quarter of 2018. The MSCI All Country World ex USA Index decreased 0.6% in the second quarter of 2018 following a decrease of 1.7% in the first quarter of 2018.
Conditions in the credit markets also have a significant impact on our business. Credit markets were positive in the second quarter of 2018, with the BofAML HY Master II Index increasing 1.0% while the S&P/LSTA Leveraged Loan Index increased 0.7%. Benchmark interest rates finished the quarter higher from where they were at the end of the first quarter of 2018, as the Federal Reserve raised the target rate 0.25% in the quarter, the seventh rate hike since December 2015, and indicated that two more increases are likely in the second half of 2018. The U.S. 10-year Treasury yield rose slightly to finish the quarter at 2.9%.
Foreign exchange rates can materially impact the valuations of our investments that are denominated in currencies other than the U.S. dollar. Relative to the U.S. dollar, the Euro depreciated 5.2% in the second quarter of 2018, after appreciating 2.7% in the first quarter of 2018, while the British pound depreciated by 5.8% in the second quarter of 2018, after appreciating by 3.7% in the first quarter of 2018. Commodities generally appreciated in the second quarter of 2018, with crude oil, wheat, natural gas, and sugar increasing, while gold and copper depreciated. The price of crude oil increased 14.2% during the second quarter, continuing to rise for the fourth consecutive quarter.
In terms of economic conditions in the U.S., the Bureau of Economic Analysis reported real GDP increased at an annual rate of 4.1% in the second quarter of 2018, higher than the 2.2% growth experienced in the first quarter of 2018. As of July 2018, The International Monetary Fund estimated that the U.S. economy will expand by 2.9% in 2018 and 2.7% in 2019. Additionally, the U.S. unemployment rate stood at 4.0% as of June 30, 2018, up slightly from 3.8% in May, which was the lowest level recorded since 2000.
Regardless of the market or economic environment at any given time, Apollo relies on its contrarian, value-oriented approach to consistently invest capital on behalf of its fund investors by focusing on opportunities that management believes are often overlooked by other investors. As such, Apollo’s global integrated investment platform deployed $5.1 billion and $16.9 billion of capital through the funds it manages during the three and twelve months ended June 30, 2018, respectively. We believe Apollo’s expertise in credit and its focus on nine core industry sectors, combined with more than 28 years of investment experience, has allowed Apollo to respond quickly to changing environments. Apollo’s core industry sectors include chemicals, manufacturing and industrial, natural resources, consumer and retail, consumer services, business services, financial services, leisure, and media/

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telecom/technology. Apollo believes that these attributes have contributed to the success of its private equity funds investing in buyouts and credit opportunities during both expansionary and recessionary economic periods.
In general, institutional investors continue to allocate capital towards alternative investment managers for more attractive risk-adjusted returns in a low interest rate environment, and we believe the business environment remains generally accommodative to raise larger successor funds, launch new products, and pursue attractive strategic growth opportunities, such as continuing to grow the assets of our permanent capital vehicles. As such, Apollo had $27.5 billion and $47.9 billion of capital inflows during the three and twelve months ended June 30, 2018, respectively. While Apollo continues to attract capital inflows, it also continues to generate realizations for fund investors. Apollo returned $2.9 billion and $13.3 billion of capital and realized gains to the investors in the funds it manages during the three and twelve months ended June 30, 2018, respectively.
Managing Business Performance
We believe that the presentation of Economic Income, or “EI”, supplements a reader’s understanding of the economic operating performance of each of our segments.
Economic Income (Loss)
EI has certain limitations in that it does not take into account certain items included under U.S. GAAP. EI represents segment income before income tax provision excluding transaction-related charges arising from the 2007 private placement, and any acquisitions. Transaction-related charges includes equity-based compensation charges, the amortization of intangible assets, contingent consideration and certain other charges associated with acquisitions. In addition, EI excludes non-cash revenue and expense related to equity awards granted by unconsolidated related parties to employees of the Company, compensation and administrative related expense reimbursements, as well as the assets, liabilities and operating results of the funds and variable interest entities (“VIEs”) that are included in the condensed consolidated financial statements. We believe the exclusion of the non-cash charges related to the 2007 Reorganization for equity-based compensation provides investors with a meaningful indication of our performance because these charges relate to the equity portion of our capital structure and not our core operating performance. EI also excludes impacts of the remeasurement of the tax receivable agreement which arises from changes in the associated deferred tax balance, including the impacts related to the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (the “TCJA”).
Economic Net Income (“ENI”) represents EI adjusted to reflect income tax provision on EI that has been calculated assuming that all income is allocated to Apollo Global Management, LLC, which would occur following an exchange of all AOG Units for Class A shares of Apollo Global Management, LLC. ENI excludes the impacts of the remeasurement of deferred tax assets and liabilities which arises from changes in estimated future tax rates, including impacts related to the TCJA. The economic assumptions and methodologies that impact the implied income tax provision are similar to those methodologies and certain assumptions used in calculating the income tax provision for Apollo’s condensed consolidated statements of operations under U.S. GAAP. ENI is net of preferred distributions, if any, to Series A and Series B Preferred shareholders.
We believe that EI is helpful for an understanding of our business and that investors should review the same supplemental financial measure that management uses to analyze our segment performance. This measure supplements and should be considered in addition to and not in lieu of the results of operations discussed below in “—Overview of Results of Operations” that have been prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP. See note 15 to the condensed consolidated financial statements for more details regarding management’s consideration of EI.
EI may not be comparable to similarly titled measures used by other companies and is not a measure of performance calculated in accordance with U.S. GAAP. We use EI as a measure of operating performance, not as a measure of liquidity. EI should not be considered in isolation or as a substitute for net income or other income data prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP. The use of EI without consideration of related U.S. GAAP measures is not adequate due to the adjustments described above. Management compensates for these limitations by using EI as a supplemental measure to U.S. GAAP results, to provide a more complete understanding of our performance as management measures it. A reconciliation of EI to its most directly comparable U.S. GAAP measure of income before income tax provision can be found in the notes to our condensed consolidated financial statements.
Management believes that excluding the remeasurement of the tax receivable agreement and deferred taxes from EI and ENI, respectively, is meaningful as it increases comparability between periods. Remeasurement of the tax receivable agreement and deferred taxes are estimates, and may change due to changes in interpretations and assumptions based on additional guidance that may be issued pertaining to the TCJA.

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Fee Related Earnings
Fee Related Earnings (“FRE”) is derived from our segment reported results and refers to a component of EI that is used as a supplemental performance measure to assess whether revenues that we believe are generally more stable and predictable in nature, primarily consisting of management fees, are sufficient to cover associated operating expenses and generate profits. FRE is the sum across all segments of (i) management fees, (ii) advisory and transaction fees, (iii) performance fees earned from a publicly traded business development company we manage and (iv) other income, net, less (y) salary, bonus and benefits, excluding equity-based compensation and (z) other associated operating expenses.
Distributable Earnings
Distributable Earnings (“DE”), as well as DE After Taxes and Related Payables are derived from our segment reported results, and are supplemental non-U.S. GAAP measures to assess performance and the amount of earnings available for distribution to Class A shareholders, holders of RSUs that participate in distributions and holders of AOG Units. DE represents the amount of net realized earnings without the effects of the consolidation of any of the related funds. DE, which is a component of EI, is the sum across all segments of (i) total management fees and advisory and transaction fees, (ii) other income (loss), (iii) realized performance fees, excluding realizations received in the form of shares and (iv) realized investment income, less (x) compensation expense, excluding the expense related to equity-based awards, (y) realized profit sharing expense, and (z) non-compensation expenses, excluding depreciation and amortization expense. DE After Taxes and Related Payables represents DE less estimated current corporate, local and non-U.S. taxes as well as the payable under Apollo’s tax receivable agreement. DE After Taxes and Related Payables is net of preferred distributions, if any, to Series A and Series B Preferred shareholders. A reconciliation of DE and EI to their most directly comparable U.S. GAAP measure of income before income tax provision can be found in “—Summary of Non-U.S. GAAP Measures”.
Fee Related EBITDA
Fee related EBITDA is a non-U.S. GAAP measure derived from our segment reported results and is used to assess the performance of our operations as well as our ability to service current and future borrowings. Fee related EBITDA represents FRE plus amounts for depreciation and amortization. “Fee related EBITDA +100% of net realized performance fees” represents fee-related EBITDA plus realized performance fees less realized profit sharing.
We use FRE, DE and Fee related EBITDA as measures of operating performance, not as measures of liquidity. These measures should not be considered in isolation or as a substitute for net income or other income data prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP. The use of these measures without consideration of their related U.S. GAAP measures is not adequate due to the adjustments described above.
Operating Metrics
We monitor certain operating metrics that are common to the alternative investment management industry. These operating metrics include Assets Under Management, capital deployed and uncalled commitments.
Assets Under Management
The tables below present Fee-Generating and Non-Fee-Generating AUM by segment:
 
As of June 30, 2018
 
Credit
 
Private Equity
 
Real Assets
 
Total
 
(in millions)
Fee-Generating
$
147,511

 
$
44,449

 
$
10,275

 
$
202,235

Non-Fee-Generating
35,915

 
27,282

 
4,020

 
67,217

Total Assets Under Management
$
183,426

 
$
71,731

 
$
14,295

 
$
269,452


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As of June 30, 2017
 
Credit
 
Private Equity
 
Real Assets
 
Total
 
(in millions)
Fee-Generating
$
121,271

 
$
30,011

 
$
9,672

 
$
160,954

Non-Fee-Generating
29,762

 
37,787

 
3,337

 
70,886

Total Assets Under Management
$
151,033

 
$
67,798

 
$
13,009

 
$
231,840

 
As of December 31, 2017
 
Credit
 
Private Equity
 
Real Assets
 
Total
 
(in millions)
Fee-Generating
$
130,150

 
$
29,792

 
$
9,023

 
$
168,965

Non-Fee-Generating
33,963

 
42,640

 
3,360

 
79,963

Total Assets Under Management
$
164,113

 
$
72,432

 
$
12,383

 
$
248,928

The table below presents AUM with Future Management Fee Potential, which is a component of Non-Fee-Generating AUM, for each of Apollo’s three segments.
 
As of
June 30, 2018
 
As of
June 30, 2017
 
As of
December 31, 2017
 
(in millions)    
Credit
$
10,121

 
$
9,184

 
$
10,057

Private Equity
7,776

 
25,541

 
$
25,912

Real Assets
846

 
877

 
464

Total AUM with Future Management Fee Potential
$
18,743

 
$
35,602

 
$
36,433

The following tables present the components of Performance Fee-Eligible AUM for each of Apollo’s three segments:
 
As of June 30, 2018
 
Credit(1)
 
Private Equity
 
Real Assets
 
Total
 
(in millions)
Performance Fee-Generating AUM
$
30,043

 
$
25,371

 
$
568

 
$
55,982

AUM Not Currently Generating Performance Fees
15,179

 
1,641

 
431

 
17,251

Uninvested Performance Fee-Eligible AUM
12,207

 
33,538

 
1,345

 
47,090

Total Performance Fee-Eligible AUM
$
57,429

 
$
60,550

 
$
2,344

 
$
120,323

 
As of June 30, 2017
 
Credit
 
Private Equity
 
Real Assets
 
Total
 
(in millions)
Performance Fee-Generating AUM
$
27,839

 
$
23,141

 
$
797

 
$
51,777

AUM Not Currently Generating Performance Fees
13,751

 
456

 
414

 
14,621

Uninvested Performance Fee-Eligible AUM
9,988

 
34,731

 
1,277

 
45,996

Total Performance Fee-Eligible AUM
$
51,578

 
$
58,328

 
$
2,488

 
$
112,394


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As of December 31, 2017
 
Credit
 
Private Equity
 
Real Assets
 
Total
 
(in millions)
Performance Fee-Generating AUM
$
25,814

 
$
26,775

 
$
694

 
$
53,283

AUM Not Currently Generating Performance Fees
17,901

 
494

 
437

 
18,832

Uninvested Performance Fee-Eligible AUM
11,607

 
33,412

 
923

 
45,942

Total Performance Fee-Eligible AUM
$
55,322

 
$
60,681

 
$
2,054

 
$
118,057

(1)
As of June 30, 2018, $2.5 billion of the performance-fee generating AUM is currently above its hurdle rate or preferred return, but in accordance with the adoption of the revenue recognition standard effective January 1, 2018, recognition of performance fees associated with such performance-fee generating AUM has been deferred to future periods when the fees are probable to not be significantly reversed.
The following table presents AUM Not Currently Generating Performance Fees for funds that have commenced investing capital for more than 24 months as of June 30, 2018 and the corresponding appreciation required to reach the preferred return or high watermark in order to generate performance fees:
Category / Fund
 
Invested AUM Not Currently Generating Performance Fees
 
Investment Period Active > 24 Months
 
Appreciation Required to Achieve Performance Fees(1)
 
 
(in millions)
 
 
Credit:
 
 
 
 
 
 
Drawdown
 
$
3,236

 
$
2,627

 
49%
Liquid/Performing
 
11,538

 
8,709

 
< 250bps
198

 
250-500bps
372

 
> 500bps
Athora Non-Sub-Advised
 
405

 
—

 
< 250bps
Total Credit
 
15,179

 
11,906

 
12%
Private Equity:
 
 
 
 
 
 
ANRP I
 
559

 
559

 
6%
Other PE
 
1,082

 
826

 
14%
Total Private Equity
 
1,641

 
1,385

 
11%
Real Assets:
 
 
 
 
 
 
Total Real Assets
 
431

 
258

 
> 250bps
Total
 
$
17,251

 
$
13,549

 
 
(1)
All investors in a given fund are considered in aggregate when calculating the appreciation required to achieve performance fees presented above. Appreciation required to achieve performance fees may vary by individual investor.
The components of Fee-Generating AUM by segment are presented below:
 
As of June 30, 2018
 
Credit
 
Private
Equity
 
Real
Assets
 
Total
 
(in millions)
Fee-Generating AUM based on capital commitments
$
8,070

 
$
27,805

 
$
784

 
$
36,659

Fee-Generating AUM based on invested capital
5,135

 
15,833

 
4,761

 
25,729

Fee-Generating AUM based on gross/adjusted assets
115,368

 
806

 
4,664

 
120,838

Fee-Generating AUM based on NAV
18,938

 
5

 
66

 
19,009

Total Fee-Generating AUM
$
147,511

 
$
44,449

(1) 
$
10,275

 
$
202,235

(1)
The weighted average remaining life of the private equity funds excluding permanent capital vehicles at June 30, 2018 was 84 months.

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As of June 30, 2017
 
Credit
 
Private
Equity
 
Real
Assets
 
Total
 
(in millions)
Fee-Generating AUM based on capital commitments
$
6,805

 
$
21,803

 
$
784

 
$
29,392

Fee-Generating AUM based on invested capital
6,925

 
7,372

 
4,958

 
19,255

Fee-Generating AUM based on gross/adjusted assets
92,125

 
836

 
3,838

 
96,799

Fee-Generating AUM based on NAV
15,416

 
—

 
92

 
15,508

Total Fee-Generating AUM
$
121,271

 
$
30,011

(1) 
$
9,672

 
$
160,954

(1)
The weighted average remaining life of the private equity funds excluding permanent capital vehicles at June 30, 2017 was 62 months.
 
As of December 31, 2017
 
Credit
 
Private
Equity
 
Real Assets
 
Total
 
(in millions)
 
 
 
 
 
 
Fee-Generating AUM based on capital commitments
$
8,771

 
$
21,803

 
$
784

 
$
31,358

Fee-Generating AUM based on invested capital
6,186

 
7,197

 
4,535

 
17,918

Fee-Generating AUM based on gross/adjusted assets
97,514

 
792

 
3,658

 
101,964

Fee-Generating AUM based on NAV
17,679

 
—

 
46

 
17,725

Total Fee-Generating AUM
$
130,150

 
$
29,792

(1) 
$
9,023

 
$
168,965

(1)
The weighted average remaining life of the private equity funds excluding permanent capital vehicles at December 31, 2017 was 57 months.
The following table presents total AUM and Fee-Generating AUM amounts for our credit segment by category type:
 
Total AUM
 
Fee-Generating AUM
 
As of
June 30,
 
As of December 31,
 
As of
June 30,
 
As of December 31,
 
2018
 
2017
 
2017
 
2018
 
2017
 
2017
 
(in millions)
Liquid/Performing
$
47,701

 
$
39,613

 
$
43,306

 
$
36,425

 
$
35,030

 
$
36,863

Drawdown
26,838

 
25,646

 
28,468

 
15,162

 
15,291

 
16,778

MidCap, AINV, AFT, AIF
13,916

 
12,657

 
13,428

 
13,368

 
11,873

 
12,623

Athene Non-Sub-Advised(1)
78,523

 
54,921

 
59,670

 
78,523

 
54,921

 
59,670

Athora Non-Sub-Advised(1)
6,340

 
6,641

 
6,719

 
4,033

 
4,156

 
4,216

Advisory
10,108

 
11,555

 
12,522

 
—

 
—

 
—

Total
$
183,426

 
$
151,033

 
$
164,113

 
$
147,511

 
$
121,271

 
$
130,150

(1)
The Company refers to the portion of the AUM related to Athora that is not sub-advised by Apollo or invested in funds and or investment vehicles managed by Apollo as “Athora Non-Sub-Advised” AUM. Athene Non-Sub-Advised AUM and Athora Non-Sub-Advised AUM reflects total combined AUM of $105.5 billion less $20.6 billion of assets that were either sub-advised by Apollo or invested in funds and investment vehicles managed by Apollo included within other asset categories.
Investment Management and Sub-Advisory Agreements - AAM
Apollo, through its consolidated subsidiary, AAM, provides asset management services to Athene with respect to assets in the Athene North American Accounts, including asset allocation services, direct asset management services, asset and liability matching management, mergers and acquisitions, asset diligence, hedging and other asset management services and receives management fees for providing these services. In addition, the Company, through AAM, provides sub-advisory services with respect to a portion of the assets in the Athene North American Accounts. See note 13 to the condensed consolidated financial statements for more details regarding the fee rates of the investment management, sub-advisory and other fee arrangements with respect to the assets in the Athene North American Accounts.

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Investment Advisory and Sub-Advisory Agreements - AAME
Apollo, through AAME, provides investment advisory services with respect to certain assets in the Athora European Accounts and sub-advises certain assets in the Athora European Accounts. See note 13 to the condensed consolidated financial statements for more details regarding the fee rates of the investment advisory, sub-advisory and other fee arrangements with respect to the assets in the Athora European Accounts.
The following table presents the Athene and Athora assets that were either sub-advised by Apollo or invested in funds and investment vehicles managed by Apollo:
 
Total AUM
 
As of
June 30,
 
As of
December 31,
 
2018
 
2017
 
2017
 
(in millions)
Credit
 
 
 
 
 
Liquid/Performing
$
12,249

 
$
10,280

 
$
10,986

Drawdown
1,247

 
1,056

 
1,327

Total Credit
13,496

 
11,336

 
12,313

Private Equity
984

 
1,202

 
1,121

Real Assets
 
 
 
 
 
Real Estate Debt
5,005

 
4,536

 
4,509

Real Estate Equity
1,116

 
428

 
488

Total Real Assets
6,121

 
4,964

 
4,997

Total
$
20,601

 
$
17,502

 
$
18,431

Athene and Athora Non-Sub-Advised AUM
The Company refers to the portion of the AUM in the Athene North American Accounts that is not Athene Sub-Advised AUM as “Athene Non-Sub-Advised” AUM. The Company refers to the portion of the Athora AUM that is not Athora Sub-Advised AUM as “Athora Non-Sub-Advised” AUM.
The following table presents the AUM for Athene and Athora:
 
As of June 30, 2018
 
Sub-Advised AUM(1)
 
Non-Sub-Advised AUM
 
Total AUM
 
(in millions)
Athene
$
18,783

 
$
78,523

 
$
97,306

Athora
1,818

 
6,340

 
8,158

Total
$
20,601

 
$
84,863

 
$
105,464

(1)
Of the total $20.6 billion Athene Sub-Advised AUM and Athora Sub-Advised AUM as of June 30, 2018, $3.2 billion was Athene Assets Directly Invested.

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The following table presents total AUM and Fee-Generating AUM amounts for our private equity segment:
 
Total AUM
 
Fee-Generating AUM
 
As of
June 30,
 
As of December 31,
 
As of
June 30,
 
As of December 31,
 
2018
 
2017
 
2017
 
2018
 
2017
 
2017
 
(in millions)
Traditional Private Equity Funds
$
55,120

 
$
55,163

 
$
57,250

 
$
38,308

 
$
23,842

 
$
23,580

Natural Resources
4,177

 
4,737

 
4,709

 
3,987

 
4,042

 
4,058

Other(1)
12,434

 
7,898

 
10,473

 
2,154

 
2,127

 
2,154

Total
$
71,731

 
$
67,798

 
$
72,432

 
$
44,449

 
$
30,011

 
$
29,792

(1)
Includes co-investments contributed to Athene by AAA through its investment in AAA Investments as discussed in note 13 of the condensed consolidated financial statements.
The following table presents total AUM and Fee-Generating AUM amounts for our real assets segment:
 
Total AUM
 
Fee-Generating AUM
 
As of
June 30,
 
As of December 31,
 
As of
June 30,
 
As of December 31,
 
2018
 
2017
 
2017
 
2018
 
2017
 
2017
 
(in millions)
Debt
$
11,012

 
$
9,677

 
$
9,965

 
$
8,199

 
$
7,837

 
$
7,451

Equity
3,283

 
3,332

 
2,418

 
2,076

 
1,835

 
1,572

Total
$
14,295

 
$
13,009

 
$
12,383

 
$
10,275

 
$
9,672

 
$
9,023

The following tables summarize changes in total AUM for each of Apollo’s three segments:
 
For the Three Months Ended June 30,
 
2018
 
2017
 
Credit
 
Private Equity
 
Real Assets
 
Total
 
Credit
 
Private Equity
 
Real Assets
 
Total
 
 
Change in Total AUM(1):
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Beginning of Period
$
165,265

 
$
68,949

 
$
13,202

 
$
247,416

 
$
140,932

 
$
44,573

 
$
11,961

 
$
197,466

Inflows
23,279

 
2,903

 
1,302

 
27,484

 
10,289

 
23,771

 
1,650

 
35,710

Outflows(2)
(2,313
)
 
—

 
—

 
(2,313
)
 
(2,089
)
 
(3
)
 
(302
)
 
(2,394
)
Net Flows
20,966

 
2,903

 
1,302

 
25,171

 
8,200

 
23,768

 
1,348

 
33,316

Realizations
(1,714
)
 
(883
)
 
(297
)
 
(2,894
)
 
(779
)
 
(1,361
)
 
(516
)
 
(2,656
)
Market Activity(3)(4)
(1,091
)
 
762

 
88

 
(241
)
 
2,680

 
818

 
216

 
3,714

End of Period
$
183,426

 
$
71,731

 
$
14,295

 
$
269,452

 
$
151,033

 
$
67,798

 
$
13,009

 
$
231,840

(1)
At the individual segment level, inflows include new subscriptions, commitments, capital raised, other increases in available capital, purchases, acquisitions, and portfolio company appreciation. Outflows represent redemptions, other decreases in available capital and portfolio company depreciation. Realizations represent fund distributions of realized proceeds. Market activity represents gains (losses), the impact of foreign exchange rate fluctuations and other income.
(2)
Outflows for Total AUM include redemptions of $148.6 million and $121.9 million during the three months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively.
(3)
Includes foreign exchange impacts of $(1.7) billion, $(77.8) million and $(30.7) million for credit, private equity and real assets, respectively, during the three months ended June 30, 2018.
(4)
Includes foreign exchange impacts of $1.6 billion, $83.4 million and $62.0 million for credit, private equity and real assets, respectively, during the three months ended June 30, 2017.

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For the Six Months Ended June 30,
 
2018
 
2017
 
Credit
 
Private Equity
 
Real Assets
 
Total
 
Credit
 
Private Equity
 
Real Assets
 
Total
 
(in millions)
Change in Total AUM(1):
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Beginning of Period
$
164,113

 
$
72,432

 
$
12,383

 
$
248,928

 
$
136,607

 
$
43,628

 
$
11,453

 
$
191,688

Inflows
26,574

 
3,364

 
2,419

 
32,357

 
14,674

 
24,069

 
2,280

 
41,023

Outflows(2)
(3,882
)
 
(180
)
 
—

 
(4,062
)
 
(2,787
)
 
(74
)
 
(302
)
 
(3,163
)
Net Flows
22,692

 
3,184

 
2,419

 
28,295

 
11,887

 
23,995

 
1,978

 
37,860

Realizations
(3,858
)
 
(2,396
)
 
(709
)
 
(6,963
)
 
(1,144
)
 
(2,411
)
 
(779
)
 
(4,334
)
Market Activity(3)
479

 
(1,489
)
 
202

 
(808
)
 
3,683

 
2,586

 
357

 
6,626

End of Period
$
183,426

 
$
71,731

 
$
14,295

 
$
269,452

 
$
151,033

 
$
67,798

 
$
13,009

 
$
231,840

(1)
At the individual segment level, inflows include new subscriptions, commitments, capital raised, other increases in available capital, purchases, acquisitions and portfolio company appreciation. Outflows represent redemptions, other decreases in available capital and portfolio company depreciation. Realizations represent fund distributions of realized proceeds. Market activity represents gains (losses), the impact of foreign exchange rate fluctuations and other income.
(2)
Outflows for Total AUM include redemptions of $332.8 million and $419.7 million during the six months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively.
(3)
Includes foreign exchange impacts of $(799.5) million, $(33.4) million and $(6.8) million for credit, private equity and real assets, respectively, during the six months ended June 30, 2018, and foreign exchange impacts of $1.8 billion, $121.6 million and $90.0 million for credit, private equity and real assets, respectively, during the six months ended June 30, 2017.
Total AUM was $269.5 billion at June 30, 2018, an increase of $22.0 billion, or 8.9%, compared to $247.4 billion at March 31, 2018. The net increase was primarily due to:
Net flows of $25.2 billion primarily related to:
•
a $21.0 billion increase related to funds we manage in the credit segment primarily consisting of an increase in AUM relating to Athene of $19.6 billion and subscriptions of $2.2 billion primarily relating to strategic investment accounts, offset by net segment transfers of $1.9 billion;
•
a $2.9 billion increase related to funds we manage in the private equity segment consisting of subscriptions attributable to Apollo Hybrid Value Fund, L.P. (“Hybrid Value Fund”) and co-investments for Fund VIII transactions of $2.2 billion and $0.3 billion, respectively, and an increase in leverage of $0.3 billion; and
•
a $1.3 billion increase related to funds we manage in the real assets segment primarily consisting of net segment transfers of $0.9 billion and an increase in leverage of $0.3 billion.
Offsetting these increases were:
Realizations of $2.9 billion primarily related to:
•
$1.7 billion related to funds we manage in the credit segment primarily consisting of distributions from Apollo Credit Opportunity Fund III, L.P. (“COF III”) and Apollo European Principal Finance Fund II, L.P. (“EPF II”) of $0.6 billion and $0.5 billion, respectively, and $0.2 billion from our liquid/performing funds;
•
$0.9 billion related to funds we manage in the private equity segment primarily consisting of distributions from Fund VIII and our Natural Resources funds of $0.3 billion and $0.3 billion, respectively; and
•
$0.3 billion related to funds we manage in the real assets segment primarily consisting of distributions of $0.2 billion from our real estate equity funds.
Market activity of $0.2 billion primarily related to $1.1 billion of depreciation in the funds we manage in the credit segment, offset by $0.8 billion of appreciation in the funds we manage in the private equity segment.
Total AUM was $269.5 billion at June 30, 2018, an increase of $20.5 billion, or 8.2%, compared to $248.9 billion at December 31, 2017. The net increase was primarily due to:
Net flows of $28.3 billion primarily related to:
•
a $22.7 billion increase related to funds we manage in the credit segment primarily consisting of an increase in AUM relating to Athene of $21.2 billion, subscriptions primarily related to strategic investment accounts and drawdown funds

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of $2.6 billion and $0.6 billion, respectively, offset by a decrease in AUM relating to Advisory assets of $1.6 billion driven by portfolio company activity;
•
a $3.2 billion increase related to funds we manage in the private equity segment consisting of subscriptions of $3.0 billion primarily related to Hybrid Value Fund and co-investments for Fund VIII transactions of $2.2 billion and $0.4 billion, respectively, and an increase in leverage of $0.2 billion; and
•
a $2.4 billion increase related to funds we manage in the real assets segment primarily consisting of net segment transfers of $1.0 billion, subscriptions of $0.7 billion related to the real estate equity funds and ARI and an increase in net leverage of $0.6 billion.
Offsetting these increases were:
Realizations of $7.0 billion primarily related to:
•
$3.9 billion related to funds we manage in the credit segment primarily consisting of distributions of $1.0 billion, $0.7 billion, $1.1 billion and $0.8 billion from COF III, EPF II, liquid/performing funds and other drawdown funds, respectively;
•
$2.4 billion related to funds we manage in the private equity segment primarily consisting of distributions of $1.0 billion, $0.5 billion and $0.5 billion from Fund VIII, Fund VI and Natural Resources funds, respectively; and
•
$0.7 billion related to funds we manage in the real assets segment primarily consisting of distributions of $0.5 billion from our real estate debt funds.
Market activity of $0.8 billion primarily related to:
•
a $1.5 billion decrease related to funds we manage in the private equity segment as a result of depreciation in Fund VIII and co-investment vehicles;
•
offset by $0.5 billion of appreciation in the funds we manage in the credit segment as a result of favorable market conditions.
The following tables summarize changes in Fee-Generating AUM for each of Apollo’s three segments:
 
For the Three Months Ended June 30,
 
2018
 
2017
 
Credit
 
Private Equity
 
Real Assets
 
Total
 
Credit
 
Private Equity
 
Real Assets
 
Total
 
 
Change in Fee-Generating AUM(1):
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Beginning of Period
$
129,484

 
$
43,758

 
$
9,225

 
$
182,467

 
$
114,914

 
$
30,774

 
$
8,466

 
$
154,154

Inflows
21,765

 
1,074

 
1,220

 
24,059

 
7,893

 
201

 
1,483

 
9,577

Outflows(2)
(2,543
)
 
—

 
—

 
(2,543
)
 
(2,198
)
 
(525
)
 
(15
)
 
(2,738
)
Net Flows
19,222

 
1,074

 
1,220

 
21,516

 
5,695

 
(324
)
 
1,468

 
6,839

Realizations
(662
)
 
(397
)
 
(207
)
 
(1,266
)
 
(411
)
 
(503
)
 
(346
)
 
(1,260
)
Market Activity(3)
(533
)
 
14

 
37

 
(482
)
 
1,073

 
64

 
84

 
1,221

End of Period
$
147,511

 
$
44,449

 
$
10,275

 
$
202,235

 
$
121,271

 
$
30,011

 
$
9,672

 
$
160,954

(1)
At the individual segment level, inflows include new subscriptions, commitments, capital raised, other increases in available capital, purchases, acquisitions and portfolio company appreciation. Outflows represent redemptions, other decreases in available capital and portfolio company depreciation. Realizations represent fund distributions of realized proceeds. Market activity represents gains (losses), the impact of foreign exchange rate fluctuations and other income.
(2)
Outflows for Fee-Generating AUM include redemptions of $135.2 million and $101.7 million during the three months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively.
(3)
Includes foreign exchange impacts of $(870.8) million, $(0.3) million and $(17.2) million for credit, private equity and real assets, respectively, during the three months ended June 30, 2018, and foreign exchange impacts of $725.8 million and $33.8 million for credit and real assets, respectively, during the three months ended June 30, 2017.

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For the Six Months Ended June 30,
 
2018
 
2017
 
Credit
 
Private Equity
 
Real Assets
 
Total
 
Credit
 
Private Equity
 
Real Assets
 
Total
 
(in millions)
Change in Fee-Generating AUM(1):
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Beginning of Period
$
130,150

 
$
29,792

 
$
9,023

 
$
168,965

 
$
111,781

 
$
30,722

 
$
8,295

 
$
150,798

Inflows
24,792

 
24,592

 
1,459

 
50,843

 
11,495

 
232

 
1,830

 
13,557

Outflows(2)
(5,643
)
 
(9,560
)
 
—

 
(15,203
)
 
(3,182
)
 
(525
)
 
(15
)
 
(3,722
)
Net Flows
19,149

 
15,032

 
1,459

 
35,640

 
8,313

 
(293
)
 
1,815

 
9,835

Realizations
(1,918
)
 
(397
)
 
(301
)
 
(2,616
)
 
(647
)
 
(503
)
 
(590
)
 
(1,740
)
Market Activity(3)
130

 
22

 
94

 
246

 
1,824

 
85

 
152

 
2,061

End of Period
$
147,511

 
$
44,449

 
$
10,275

 
$
202,235

 
$
121,271

 
$
30,011

 
$
9,672

 
$
160,954

(1)
At the individual segment level, inflows include new subscriptions, commitments, capital raised, other increases in available capital, purchases, acquisitions and portfolio company appreciation. Outflows represent redemptions, other decreases in available capital and portfolio company depreciation. Realizations represent fund distributions of realized proceeds. Market activity represents gains (losses), the impact of foreign exchange rate fluctuations and other income.
(2)
Outflows for Fee-Generating AUM include redemptions of $307.3 million and $379.0 million during the six months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively.
(3)
Includes foreign exchange impacts of $(440.1) million, $(0.3) million and $5.5 million for credit, private equity and real assets, respectively, during the six months ended June 30, 2018, and foreign exchange impacts of $864.0 million and $39.1 million for credit and real assets, respectively, during the six months ended June 30, 2017.
Total Fee-Generating AUM was $202.2 billion at June 30, 2018, an increase of $19.8 billion or 10.9%, compared to $182.5 billion at March 31, 2018. The net increase was primarily due to:
Net flows of $21.5 billion primarily related to:
•
a $19.2 billion increase related to funds we manage in the credit segment primarily consisting of an increase in AUM relating to Athene of $19.6 billion, fee-generating capital deployment of $0.9 billion and subscriptions of $0.6 billion related to our liquid/performing funds, offset by fee-generating capital reduction of $1.2 billion and net segment transfers of $1.0 billion;
•
a $1.2 billion increase related to funds we manage in the real assets segment primarily consisting of $1.0 billion of net segment transfers; and
•
a $1.1 billion increase related to funds we manage in the private equity segment primarily consisting of fee-generating capital deployment relating to Fund VIII of $1.0 billion.
Offsetting these increases were:
Realizations of $1.3 billion primarily related to:
•
$0.7 billion related to funds we manage in the credit segment primarily driven by distributions of $0.4 billion related to EPF II; and
•
$0.4 billion related to funds we manage in the private equity segment primarily driven by distributions from our traditional private equity funds.
Market activity of $0.5 billion primarily related to depreciation in the funds we manage in the credit segment.
Total Fee-Generating AUM was $202.2 billion at June 30, 2018, an increase of $33.3 billion or 19.7%, compared to $169.0 billion at December 31, 2017. The net increase was primarily due to:
Net flows of $35.6 billion primarily related to:
•
a $19.1 billion increase related to funds we manage in the credit segment primarily consisting of an increase in AUM relating to Athene of $21.2 billion, fee-generating capital deployment of $1.5 billion and subscriptions of $1.2 billion related to our liquid/performing funds, offset by fee-generating capital reduction of $3.2 billion;
•
a $15.0 billion increase related to funds we manage in the private equity segment primarily consisting of an increase of $23.5 billion relating to the commencement of Fund IX’s investment period, offset by a fee basis adjustment of $5.7 billion in Fund VIII related to the commencement of Fund IX’s investment period and a decrease of $2.8 billion relating to Fund VI’s management fee termination; and

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•
a $1.5 billion increase related to funds we manage in the real assets segment primarily consisting of $0.6 billion of capital raised for real estate equity funds and net segment transfers of $0.5 billion.
Offsetting these increases were:
Realizations of $2.6 billion primarily related to:
•
$1.9 billion related to funds we manage in the credit segment primarily driven by distributions from a strategic investment account and EPF II of $0.8 billion and $0.7 billion, respectively; and
•
$0.4 billion related to funds we manage in the private equity segment driven by Fund VIII and Fund VII of $0.2 billion and $0.1 billion, respectively.
Capital Deployed and Uncalled Commitments
Capital deployed is the aggregate amount of capital that has been invested during a given period by our drawdown funds, SIAs that have a defined maturity date and funds and SIAs in our real estate debt strategy. Uncalled commitments, by contrast, represents unfunded capital commitments that certain of Apollo’s funds and SIAs have received from fund investors to fund future or current fund investments and expenses.
Capital deployed and uncalled commitments are indicative of the pace and magnitude of fund capital that is deployed or will be deployed, and which therefore could result in future revenues that include management fees, transaction fees and incentive income to the extent they are fee-generating. Capital deployed and uncalled commitments can also give rise to future costs that are related to the hiring of additional resources to manage and account for the additional capital that is deployed or will be deployed. Management uses capital deployed and uncalled commitments as key operating metrics since we believe the results measure our fund’s investment activities.
Capital Deployed
The following table summarizes by segment the capital deployed for funds and SIAs with a defined maturity date and certain funds and SIAs in Apollo’s real estate debt strategy:
 
For the Three Months Ended June 30,
 
For the Six Months Ended June 30,
 
2018
 
2017
 
2018
 
2017
 
(in millions)
 
(in millions)
Credit
$
1,215

 
$
1,155

 
$
2,124

 
$
2,147

Private Equity
1,561

 
723

 
2,855

 
2,288

Real Assets(1)
2,324

 
746

 
3,159

 
1,612

Total capital deployed
$
5,100

 
$
2,624

 
$
8,138

 
$
6,047

(1)
Included in capital deployed is $1.7 billion and $2.5 billion for the three and six months ended June 30, 2018, respectively, and $727 million and $1.5 billion for the three and six months ended June 30, 2017, respectively, related to real estate debt funds managed by Apollo.
Uncalled Commitments
The following table summarizes the uncalled commitments by segment:
 
As of
June 30, 2018
 
As of
December 31, 2017
 
(in millions)
Credit
$
16,024

 
$
15,225

Private Equity
37,077

 
36,810

Real Assets
1,433

 
1,074

Total uncalled commitments(1)
$
54,534

 
$
53,109

(1)
As of June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, $47.7 billion and $47.6 billion, respectively, represented the amount of capital available for investment or reinvestment subject to the provisions of the applicable limited partnership agreements or other governing agreements of the funds, partnerships and accounts we manage. These amounts exclude uncalled commitments which can only be called for fund fees and expenses.

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The Historical Investment Performance of Our Funds
Below we present information relating to the historical performance of our funds, including certain legacy Apollo funds that do not have a meaningful amount of unrealized investments, and in respect of which the general partner interest has not been contributed to us.
When considering the data presented below, you should note that the historical results of our funds are not indicative of the future results that you should expect from such funds, from any future funds we may raise or from your investment in our Class A shares.
An investment in our Class A shares is not an investment in any of the Apollo funds, and the assets and revenues of our funds are not directly available to us. The historical and potential future returns of the funds we manage are not directly linked to returns on our Class A shares. Therefore, you should not conclude that continued positive performance of the funds we manage will necessarily result in positive returns on an investment in our Class A shares. However, poor performance of the funds that we manage would cause a decline in our revenue from such funds, and would therefore have a negative effect on our performance and in all likelihood the value of our Class A shares.
Moreover, the historical returns of our funds should not be considered indicative of the future results you should expect from such funds or from any future funds we may raise. There can be no assurance that any Apollo fund will continue to achieve the same results in the future.
Finally, our private equity IRRs have historically varied greatly from fund to fund. For example, Fund IV generated a 12% gross IRR and a 9% net IRR since its inception through June 30, 2018, while Fund V generated a 61% gross IRR and a 44% net IRR since its inception through June 30, 2018. Accordingly, the IRR going forward for any current or future fund may vary considerably from the historical IRR generated by any particular fund, or for our private equity funds as a whole. Future returns will also be affected by the applicable risks, including risks of the industries and businesses in which a particular fund invests. See “Item 1A. Risk Factors—Risks Related to Our Businesses—The historical returns attributable to our funds should not be considered as indicative of the future results of our funds or of our future results or of any returns expected on an investment in our Class A shares and our Preferred shares” in the 2017 Annual Report.

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Investment Record
The following table summarizes the investment record by segment of Apollo’s significant drawdown funds and SIAs that have a defined maturity date in which investors make a commitment to provide capital at the formation of such funds and deliver capital when called as investment opportunities become available. The funds included in the investment record table below have greater than $500 million of AUM and/or form part of a flagship series of funds. The SIAs included in the investment record table below have greater than $200 million of AUM and did not predominantly invest in other Apollo funds or SIAs.
All amounts are as of June 30, 2018, unless otherwise noted:
($ in millions)
Vintage
Year(1)
 
Total AUM
 
Committed
Capital
 
Total Invested Capital(1)
 
Realized Value(1)
 
Remaining Cost(1)
 
Unrealized Value(1)
 
Total Value(1)
 
Gross
IRR(1)
 
Net
IRR(1)
 
Private Equity:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Fund IX
2018
 
$
24,949

 
$
24,729

 
NM

(2) 
NM

(2) 
NM

(2) 
NM

(2) 
NM

(2) 
NM

(2) 
NM

(2) 
Fund VIII
2013
 
21,575

 
18,377

 
$
14,654

 
$
4,552

 
$
12,196

 
$
17,189

 
$
21,741

 
25
%
 
17
%
 
Fund VII
2008
 
5,682

 
14,677

 
16,198

 
30,445

 
3,291

 
3,387

 
33,832

 
34

 
26

 
Fund VI
2006
 
2,602

 
10,136

 
12,457

 
19,118

 
2,389

 
1,987

 
21,105

 
12

 
9

 
Fund V
2001
 
298

 
3,742

 
5,192

 
12,711

 
124

 
42

 
12,753

 
61

 
44

 
Fund I, II, III, IV & MIA(3)
Various
 
14

 
7,320

 
8,753

 
17,400

 
—

 
—

 
17,400

 
39

 
26

 
Traditional Private Equity Funds(4)
 
 
$
55,120

 
$
78,981

 
$
57,254

 
$
84,226

 
$
18,000

 
$
22,605

 
$
106,831

 
39
%
 
25
%
 
ANRP II
2016
 
3,297

 
3,454

 
1,721

 
795

 
1,375

 
1,514

 
2,309

 
39

 
21

 
ANRP I
2012
 
880

 
1,323

 
1,114

 
930

 
653

 
615

 
1,545

 
11

 
7

 
AION
2013
 
721

 
826

 
407

 
252

 
225

 
316

 
568

 
18

 
8

 
Total Private Equity(9)
 
 
$
60,018

 
$
84,584

 
$
60,496

 
$
86,203

 
$
20,253

 
$
25,050

 
$
111,253

 
 
 
 
 
Credit:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Credit Opportunity Funds
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
COF III
2014
 
$
2,076

 
$
3,426

 
$
5,037

 
$
3,825

 
$
1,562

 
$
1,352

 
$
5,177

 
2
%
 
—
%
 
COF II
2008
 
56

 
1,583

 
2,176

 
3,136

 
39

 
46

 
3,182

 
14

 
11

 
COF I
2008
 
331

 
1,485

 
1,611

 
4,336

 
38

 
61

 
4,397

 
30

 
27

 
European Principal Finance Funds
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
EPF III(5)
2017
 
4,464

 
4,572

 
738

 
—

 
738

 
753

 
753

 
NM

(2) 
NM

(2) 
EPF II(5)
2012
 
2,497

 
3,482

 
3,543

 
3,652

 
1,150

 
1,557

 
5,209

 
18

 
11

 
EPF I(5)
2007
 
256

 
1,513

 
1,988

 
3,329

 
—

 
12

 
3,341

 
23

 
17

 
Structured Credit Funds
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
FCI III
2017
 
2,760

 
1,906

 
1,655

 
485

 
1,361

 
1,640

 
2,125

 
NM

(2) 
NM

(2) 
FCI II
2013
 
2,466

 
1,555

 
2,370

 
1,157

 
1,769

 
1,804

 
2,961

 
11

 
8

 
FCI I
2012
 
979

 
559

 
1,446

 
1,178

 
829

 
783

 
1,961

 
14

 
11

 
SCRF IV (12)
2017
 
1,726

 
1,936

 
1,195

 
214

 
993

 
1,241

 
1,455

 
NM

(2) 
NM

(2) 
SCRF III
2015
 
—

 
1,238

 
2,110

 
2,428

 
—

 
—

 
2,428

 
18

 
14

 
SCRF II
2012
 
—

 
104

 
467

 
528

 
—

 
—

 
528

 
15

 
12

 
SCRF I
2008
 
—

 
118

 
240

 
357

 
—

 
—

 
357

 
33

 
26

 
Other Drawdown Funds & SIAs(6)
Various
 
6,694

 
9,546

 
9,820

 
9,652

 
2,346

 
2,320

 
11,972

 
9

 
7

 
Total Credit(10)
 
 
$
24,305

 
$
33,023


$
34,396

 
$
34,277

 
$
10,825

 
$
11,569

 
$
45,846

 
 
 
 
 
Real Assets:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
U.S. RE Fund II(7)
2016
 
$
991

 
$
920

 
$
561

 
$
344

 
$
354

 
$
439

 
$
783

 
20
%
 
17
%
 
U.S. RE Fund I(7)
2012
 
445

 
653

 
635

 
661

 
240

 
287

 
948

 
15

 
12

 
AGRE Debt Fund I(13)
2011
 
827

 
2,091

 
2,091

 
1,485

 
858

 
816

 
2,301

 
9

 
7

 
CPI Funds(8)
Various
 
397

 
4,988

 
2,574

 
2,645

 
259

 
63

 
2,708

 
14

 
11

 
Asia RE Fund(7)
2017
 
606

 
693

 
264

 
198

 
117

 
127

 
325

 
NM

(2) 
NM

(2) 
Total Real Assets(11)
 
 
$
3,266

 
$
9,345

 
$
6,125

 
$
5,333

 
$
1,828

 
$
1,732

 
$
7,065

 
 
 
 
 
(1)
Refer to the definitions of Vintage Year, Total Invested Capital, Realized Value, Remaining Cost, Unrealized Value, Total Value, Gross IRR and Net IRR described elsewhere in this report.
(2)
Data has not been presented as the fund commenced investing capital less than 24 months prior to the period indicated and therefore such information was deemed not meaningful.
(3)
The general partners and managers of Funds I, II and MIA, as well as the general partner of Fund III, were excluded assets in connection with the 2007 Reorganization. As a result, Apollo did not receive the economics associated with these entities. The investment performance of these funds, combined with Fund IV, is presented to illustrate fund performance associated with Apollo’s Managing Partners and other investment professionals.
(4)
Total IRR is calculated based on total cash flows for all funds presented.
(5)
Funds are denominated in Euros and historical figures are translated into U.S. dollars at an exchange rate of €1.00 to $1.17 as of June 30, 2018.
(6)
Amounts presented have been aggregated for (i) drawdown funds with AUM greater than $500 million that do not form part of a flagship series of funds and (ii) SIAs with AUM greater than $200 million that do not predominantly invest in other Apollo funds or SIAs. Certain SIAs’ historical figures are denominated in Euros and translated into U.S. dollars at an exchange rate of €1.00 to $1.17 as of June 30, 2018. Additionally, certain

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SIAs totaling $1.7 billion of AUM have been excluded from Total Invested Capital, Realized Value, Remaining Cost, Unrealized Value and Total Value. These SIAs have an open ended life and a significant turnover in their portfolio assets due to the ability to recycle capital. These SIAs had $10.5 billion of Total Invested Capital through June 30, 2018.
(7)
U.S. RE Fund I, U.S. RE Fund II and Asia RE Fund had $157 million, $390 million and $350 million of co-investment commitments raised as of June 30, 2018, respectively, which are included in the figures in the table. A co-invest entity within U.S. RE Fund I is denominated in GBP and translated into U.S. dollars at an exchange rate of £1.00 to $1.32 as of June 30, 2018.
(8)
As part of the acquisition of Citi Property Investors (“CPI”), Apollo acquired general partner interests in fully invested funds. CPI Funds refers to CPI Capital Partners North America, CPI Capital Partners Asia Pacific, CPI Capital Partners Europe and other CPI funds or individual investments of which Apollo is not the general partner or manager and only receives fees pursuant to either a sub-advisory agreement or an investment management and administrative agreement. For CPI Capital Partners North America, CPI Capital Partners Asia Pacific and CPI Capital Partners Europe, the gross and net IRRs are presented in the investment record table since acquisition on November 12, 2010. The aggregate net IRR for these funds from their inception to June 30, 2018 was (2)%. This net IRR was primarily achieved during a period in which Apollo did not make the initial investment decisions and Apollo only became the general partner or manager of these funds upon completing the acquisition on November 12, 2010.
(9)
Private equity co-investment vehicles, and funds with AUM less than $500 million have been excluded. These co-investment vehicles and funds had $11.7 billion of aggregate AUM as of June 30, 2018.
(10)
Certain credit funds and SIAs with AUM less than $500 million and $200 million, respectively, have been excluded. These funds and SIAs had $2.5 billion of aggregate AUM as of June 30, 2018.
(11)
Certain accounts owned by or related to Athene, certain co-investment vehicles and certain funds with AUM less than $500 million have been excluded. These accounts, co-investment vehicles and funds had $5.8 billion of aggregate AUM as of June 30, 2018.
(12)
Remaining cost for certain of our credit funds may include physical cash called, invested or reserved for certain levered investments.
(13)
The investor in this U.S. Dollar denominated fund has chosen to make contributions and receive distributions in the local currency of each underlying investment. As a result, Apollo has not entered into foreign currency hedges for this fund and the returns presented include the impact of foreign currency gains or losses. The investor’s gross and net IRR, before the impact of foreign currency gains or losses, from the fund’s inception to June 30, 2018 was 10% and 9%, respectively.
Private Equity
The following table summarizes the investment record for distressed investments made in our traditional private equity fund portfolios, since the Company’s inception. All amounts are as of June 30, 2018:
 
Total Invested
Capital
 
Total Value
 
Gross IRR
 
(in millions)
 
 
Distressed for Control
$
7,885

 
$
19,147

 
29
%
Non-Control Distressed
5,416

 
8,421

 
71

Total
13,301

 
27,568

 
49

Corporate Carve-outs, Opportunistic Buyouts and Other Credit(1)
43,953

 
79,263

 
22

Total
$
57,254

 
$
106,831

 
39
%
 
(1)
Other Credit is defined as investments in debt securities of issuers other than portfolio companies that are not considered to be distressed.
The following tables provide additional detail on the composition of the Fund VIII, Fund VII and Fund VI private equity portfolios based on investment strategy. Amounts for Fund I, II, III, IV and V are included in the table above but not presented below as their remaining value is less than $100 million or the fund has been liquidated. All amounts are as of June 30, 2018:
Fund VIII(1) 
 
Total Invested
Capital
 
Total Value
 
(in millions)
Corporate Carve-outs
$
2,398


$
4,249

Opportunistic Buyouts
11,742


16,656

Distressed
514


836

Total
$
14,654

 
$
21,741


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Fund VII(1) 
 
Total Invested
Capital
 
Total Value
 
(in millions)
Corporate Carve-outs
$
2,277


$
4,406

Opportunistic Buyouts
4,338


10,633

Distressed/Other Credit(2)
9,583


18,793

Total
$
16,198

 
$
33,832

Fund VI
 
Total Invested
Capital
 
Total Value
 
(in millions)
Corporate Carve-outs
$
3,397


$
5,821

Opportunistic Buyouts
6,374


10,309

Distressed/Other Credit(2)
2,686


4,975

Total
$
12,457

 
$
21,105

(1)
Committed capital less unfunded capital commitments for Fund VIII and Fund VII was $14.2 billion and $14.1 billion, respectively, which represents capital commitments from limited partners to invest in such funds less capital that is available for investment or reinvestment subject to the provisions of the applicable limited partnership agreement or other governing agreements.
(2)
The distressed investment strategy includes distressed for control, non-control distressed and other credit.
During the recovery and expansionary periods of 1994 through 2000 and late 2003 through the first half of 2007, our private equity funds invested or committed to invest approximately $13.7 billion primarily in traditional and corporate partner buyouts. During the recessionary periods of 1990 through 1993, 2001 through late 2003 and the recessionary and post recessionary periods (beginning the second half of 2007 through June 30, 2018), our private equity funds have invested $48.6 billion, of which $19.0 billion was in distressed buyouts and debt investments when the debt securities of quality companies traded at deep discounts to par value. Our average entry multiple for Fund VIII, VII and VI was 5.7x, 6.1x and 7.7x, respectively, as of June 30, 2018. Our average entry multiple for a private equity fund is the average of the total enterprise value over an applicable adjusted earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization which may incorporate certain adjustments based on the investment team’s estimate and we believe captures the true economics of our funds’ investments in portfolio companies. The average entry multiple of actively investing funds may include committed investments not yet closed.
Credit
The following table presents the AUM and gross and net returns information for Apollo’s credit segment by category type:
 
As of June 30, 2018
 
Gross Returns(1)
 
Net Returns(1)
Category
AUM
 
Fee-Generating AUM
 
Performance Fee-Eligible AUM
 
Performance Fee-Generating AUM
 
For the Three Months Ended June 30, 2018
 
For the Six Months Ended June 30, 2018
 
For the Three Months Ended June 30, 2018
 
For the Six Months Ended June 30, 2018
 
(in millions)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Liquid/Performing(4)
$
47,701

 
$
36,425

 
$
23,542

 
$
10,502

 
    0.7%
 
    1.5%
 
    0.6%
 
    1.3%
Drawdown(2)
26,838

 
15,162

 
20,770

 
8,687

 
2.4
 
4.8
 
1.9
 
3.8
MidCap, AINV, AFT, AIF
13,916

 
13,368

 
11,106

 
10,854

 
3.2
 
6.5
 
2.1
 
4.3
Athene Non-Sub-Advised(3)
78,523

 
78,523

 
—

 
—

 
N/A
 
N/A
 
N/A
 
N/A
Athora Non-Sub-
Advised(3)
6,340

 
4,033

 
2,011

 
—

 
N/A
 
N/A
 
N/A
 
N/A
Advisory
10,108

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
N/A
 
N/A
 
N/A
 
N/A
Total Credit
$
183,426

 
$
147,511

 
$
57,429

 
$
30,043

 
  1.3%
 
  2.6%
 
  1.0%
 
  2.1%
(1)
The gross and net returns for the three and six months ended June 30, 2018 for total credit excludes assets managed by AAM that are not directly invested in Apollo funds and investment vehicles or sub-advised by Apollo.

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(2)
As of June 30, 2018, significant drawdown funds and SIAs had inception-to-date gross and net IRRs of 15.9% and 12.0%, respectively. Significant drawdown funds and SIAs include funds and SIAs with AUM greater than $200 million that do not predominantly invest in other Apollo funds or SIAs.
(3)
Athene Non-Sub-Advised and Athora Non-Sub Advised reflects total combined AUM of $105.5 billion less $20.6 billion of assets that were either sub-advised by Apollo or invested in funds and investment vehicles managed by Apollo included within other asset categories.
(4)
Liquid/Performing AUM includes $12.8 billion of CLOs, $8.2 billion of which Apollo earns fees based on gross assets and $4.6 billion of which Apollo earns fees based on net equity.
Liquid/Performing
The following table summarizes the investment record for funds in the liquid/performing category within Apollo’s credit segment. The significant funds included in the investment record table below have greater than $200 million of AUM and do not predominantly invest in other Apollo funds or SIAs.
 
 
 
 
 
Net Returns
 
Vintage
Year
 
Total AUM
 
For the Three Months Ended June 30, 2018
 
For the Six Months Ended June 30, 2018
 
For the Three Months Ended June 30, 2017
 
For the Six Months Ended June 30, 2017
Credit:
 
 
(in millions)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Hedge Funds(1)
Various
 
$
7,006

 
1
%
 
2
%
 
1
%
 
2
%
CLOs(2)
Various
 
12,782

 
—

 
2

 
1

 
2

SIAs / Other
Various
 
27,913

 
1

 
1

 
2

 
4

Total
 
 
$
47,701

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(1)
Hedge Funds primarily includes Apollo Credit Strategies Master Fund Ltd. and Apollo Credit Master Fund Ltd.
(2)
CLO returns are calculated based on gross return on invested assets, which excludes cash. Included within Total AUM of CLOs is $4.6 billion of AUM related to a standalone, self-managed asset management business established in connection with risk-retention rules, from which Apollo earns investment-related service fees, but for which Apollo does not provide management or advisory services. CLO returns exclude performance related to this AUM.
Permanent Capital
The following table summarizes the investment record for our permanent capital vehicles by segment, excluding Athene-related and Athora-related assets managed or advised by Athene Asset Management and AAME:
 
 
 
 
 
Total Returns(1)
 
IPO Year(2)
 
Total AUM
 
For the Three Months Ended June 30, 2018
 
For the Six Months Ended June 30, 2018
 
For the Three Months Ended June 30, 2017
 
For the Six Months Ended June 30, 2017
Credit:
 
 
(in millions)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
MidCap(3)
N/A
 
$
8,532

 
5
 %
 
9
%
 
3
 %
 
6
%
AIF
2013
 
384

 
1
 
 
3

 
1
 
 
10

AFT
2011
 
424

 
(1
)
 
4

 
(2
)
 
—

AINV(4)
2004
 
4,443

 
10
 
 
4

 
—

 
14

Real Assets:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
ARI
2009
 
5,180

 
4
  %
 
4
%
 
1
  %
 
17
%
Total
 
 
$
18,963

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(1)
Total returns are based on the change in closing trading prices during the respective periods presented taking into account dividends and distributions, if any, as if they were reinvested without regard to commission.
(2)
An IPO year represents the year in which the vehicle commenced trading on a national securities exchange.
(3)
MidCap is not a publicly traded vehicle and therefore IPO year is not applicable. The returns presented are a gross return based on NAV. The net returns based on NAV were 3% and 2% for the three months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively, and 6% and 4% for the six months ended June 30, 2018 and June 30, 2017, respectively.
(4)
All amounts are as of March 31, 2018 except for total returns. Refer to www.apolloic.com for the most recent financial information on AINV. The information contained on AINV’s website is not part of this report. Included within Total AUM of AINV is $1.8 billion of AUM related to a non-traded business development company from which Apollo earns investment-related service fees, but for which Apollo does not provide management or advisory services. Net returns exclude performance related to this AUM.

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Athene, Athora and SIAs
As of June 30, 2018, Apollo managed or advised $105.5 billion of total AUM in accounts owned by or related to Athene and Athora, of which approximately $20.6 billion was either sub-advised by Apollo or invested in Apollo funds and investment vehicles managed by Apollo. Of the approximately $20.6 billion of AUM, the vast majority were in sub-advisory managed accounts that manage high grade credit asset classes, such as CLO debt, commercial mortgage backed securities, and insurance-linked securities.
As of June 30, 2018, Apollo managed approximately $23 billion of total AUM in SIAs, which include certain SIAs in the investment record tables above and capital deployed from certain SIAs across Apollo’s credit, private equity and real assets funds.
Overview of Results of Operations
Revenues
Advisory and Transaction, Net. As a result of providing advisory services with respect to actual and potential credit, private equity, and real assets investments, we are entitled to receive fees for transactions related to the acquisition and, in certain instances, disposition of portfolio companies as well as fees for ongoing monitoring of portfolio company operations and directors’ fees. We also receive advisory fees for advisory services provided to certain credit funds. In addition, monitoring fees are generated on certain structured portfolio company investments. Under the terms of the limited partnership agreements for certain funds, the management fee payable by the funds may be subject to a reduction based on a certain percentage of such advisory and transaction fees, net of applicable broken deal costs (“Management Fee Offset”). Such amounts are presented as a reduction to advisory and transaction fees, net, in the condensed consolidated statements of operations (see note 2 to our condensed consolidated financial statements for more detail on advisory and transaction fees, net).
The Management Fee Offsets are calculated for each fund as follows:
•
65%-100% for certain credit funds, gross advisory, transaction and other special fees;
•
65%-100% for private equity funds, gross advisory, transaction and other special fees; and
•
100% for certain real assets funds, gross advisory, transaction and other special fees.
Management Fees. The significant growth of the assets we manage has had a positive effect on our revenues. Management fees are typically calculated based upon any of “net asset value,” “gross assets,” “adjusted par asset value,” “adjusted costs of all unrealized portfolio investments,” “capital commitments,” “invested capital,” “adjusted assets,” “capital contributions,” or “stockholders’ equity,” each as defined in the applicable limited partnership agreement and/or management agreement of the unconsolidated funds.
Performance Fees. The general partners of our funds are entitled to an incentive return of normally up to 20% of the total returns of a fund’s capital, depending upon performance of the underlying funds and subject to preferred returns and high water marks, as applicable. Performance fees, categorized as performance allocations, are accounted for as an equity method investment, and effectively, the performance fees for any period is based upon an assumed liquidation of the funds’ assets at the reporting date, and distribution of the net proceeds in accordance with the funds’ allocation provisions. Performance fees not accounted as an equity method investment, categorized as incentive fees, are deferred until fees are probable to not be significantly reversed. The majority of performance fees are comprised of performance allocations.
As of June 30, 2018, approximately 56% of the value of our funds’ investments on a gross basis was determined using market-based valuation methods (i.e., reliance on broker or listed exchange quotes) and the remaining 44% was determined primarily by comparable company and industry multiples or discounted cash flow models. For our credit, private equity and real assets segments, the percentage determined using market-based valuation methods as of June 30, 2018 was 69%, 31% and 40%, respectively. See “Item 1A. Risk Factors—Risks Related to Our Businesses—Our funds’ performance, and our performance, may be adversely affected by the financial performance of our funds’ portfolio companies and the industries in which our funds invest” in the 2017 Annual Report for a discussion regarding certain industry-specific risks that could affect the fair value of our private equity funds’ portfolio company investments.
In our private equity funds, the Company does not earn performance fees until the investors in the fund have achieved cumulative investment returns on invested capital (including management fees and expenses) in excess of an 8% hurdle rate. Additionally, certain of our credit and real assets funds have various performance fee rates and hurdle rates. Certain of our credit and real assets funds allocate performance fees to the general partner in a similar manner as the private equity funds. In our private

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equity, certain credit and real assets funds, so long as the investors achieve their priority returns, there is a catch-up formula whereby the Company earns a priority return for a portion of the return until the Company’s performance fees equate to its incentive fee rate for that fund; thereafter, the Company participates in returns from the fund at the performance fee rate. Performance fees, categorized as performance allocations, are subject to reversal to the extent that the performance fees distributed exceed the amount due to the general partner based on a fund’s cumulative investment returns. The Company recognizes potential repayment of previously received performance fees as a general partner obligation representing all amounts previously distributed to the general partner that would need to be repaid to the Apollo funds if these funds were to be liquidated based on the current fair value of the underlying funds’ investments as of the reporting date. The actual general partner obligation, however, would not become payable or realized until the end of a fund’s life or as otherwise set forth in the respective limited partnership agreement of the fund.
The table below presents an analysis of Apollo’s (i) performance fees receivable on an unconsolidated basis and (ii) realized and unrealized performance fees for Apollo’s combined segments:
 
As of
June 30, 2018
 
For the Three Months Ended June 30, 2018
 
For the Six Months Ended June 30, 2018
 
Performance Fees Receivable on an Unconsolidated Basis
 
Unrealized Performance Fees
 
Realized Performance Fees
 
Total Performance Fees
 
Unrealized Performance Fees
 
Realized Performance Fees
 
Total Performance Fees
 
(in thousands)
Private Equity:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Fund VIII
$
776,063

 
$
26,834

 
$
34,698

 
$
61,532

 
$
(240,937
)
 
$
133,884

 
$
(107,053
)
Fund VII(1)
108,759

 
19,682

 
878

 
20,560

 
38,261

 
6,091

 
44,352

Fund VI(1)
11,807

 
(24,671
)
 
1,657

 
(23,014
)
 
(28,608
)
 
1,657

 
(26,951
)
Fund IV and V
—

(3) 
233

 
—

 
233

 
951

 
—

 
951

ANRP I and II(1)
22,715

(3) 
(8,035
)
 
7,801

 
(234
)
 
(20,311
)
 
7,801

 
(12,510
)
AAA/Other(2)
62,214

 
(815
)
 
7,607

 
6,792

 
(181,596
)
 
182,483

 
887

Total Private Equity
981,558

 
13,228

 
52,641

 
65,869

 
(432,240
)
 
331,916

 
(100,324
)
Total Private Equity, net of profit sharing expense
603,868

 
6,848

 
20,997

 
27,845

 
(300,987
)
 
198,190

 
(102,797
)
Credit:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Drawdown
304,092

(3) 
(13,426
)
 
48,519

 
35,093

 
2,258

 
58,280

 
60,538

Liquid/Performing
22,604

 
9,767

 
10,512

 
20,279

 
12,248

 
10,533

 
22,781

Permanent capital vehicles
82,915

 
11,308

 
5,766

 
17,074

 
20,854

 
11,041

 
31,895

Total Credit
409,611

 
7,649

 
64,797

 
72,446

 
35,360

 
79,854

 
115,214

Total Credit, net of profit sharing expense
138,825

 
4,597

 
27,691

 
32,288

 
16,595

 
36,146

 
52,741

Real Assets:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
U.S. RE Fund I and II
17,485

 
1,121

 
528

 
1,649

 
190

 
1,263

 
1,453

Other(2)
7,312

 
(1,379
)
 
2,274

 
895

 
(3,113
)
 
4,665

 
1,552

Total Real Assets
24,797

 
(258
)
 
2,802

 
2,544

 
(2,923
)
 
5,928

 
3,005

Total Real Assets, net of profit sharing expense
13,366

 
49

 
1,742

 
1,791

 
(1,525
)
 
3,282

 
1,757

Total
$
1,415,966

 
$
20,619

 
$
120,240

 
$
140,859

 
$
(399,803
)
 
$
417,698

 
$
17,895

Total, net of profit sharing expense
$
756,059

(4) 
$
11,494

 
$
50,430

 
$
61,924

 
$
(285,917
)
 
$
237,618

 
$
(48,299
)
(1)
As of June 30, 2018, the remaining investments and escrow cash of Fund VII, Fund VI and ANRP II were valued at 100%, 88% and 103% of the fund’s unreturned capital, respectively, which were below the required escrow ratio of 115%. As a result, these funds are required to place in escrow current and future performance fees distributions to the general partner until the specified return ratio of 115% is met (at the time of a future distribution) or upon liquidation. As of June 30, 2018, Fund VII had $128.5 million of gross performance fees, or $73.1 million net of profit sharing, in escrow. As of June 30, 2018, Fund VI had $167.6 million of gross performance fees, or $112.4 million net of profit sharing, in escrow. As of June 30, 2018, ANRP II had $18.0 million of gross performance fees, or $10.9 million net of profit sharing, in escrow. With respect to Fund VII, Fund VI and ANRP II, realized performance fees currently distributed to the general partner is limited to potential tax distributions and interest on escrow balances per the funds’ partnership agreements.
(2)
The six months ended June 30, 2018 includes realized performance fees of $169.9 million, or $123.3 million net of profit sharing expense from AAA, settled in the form of Athene Holding shares. Other includes certain SIAs.
(3)
As of June 30, 2018, certain credit funds and private equity funds had $37.8 million and $41.5 million, respectively, in general partner obligations to return previously distributed performance fees. The fair value gain on investments and income at the fund level needed to reverse the general partner obligations for certain credit funds and certain private equity funds was $286.9 million and $203.1 million, respectively, as of June 30, 2018.
(4)
There was a corresponding profit sharing payable of $659.9 million as of June 30, 2018, including profit sharing payable related to amounts in escrow and a contingent consideration obligation of $82.0 million.
The general partners of certain of our credit funds accrue performance fees, categorized as performance allocations, when the fair value of investments exceeds the cost basis of the individual investors’ investments in the fund, including any allocable share of expenses incurred in connection with such investments, which we refer to as “high water marks.” These high water marks

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are applied on an individual investor basis. Certain of our credit funds have investors with various high water marks, the achievement of which is subject to market conditions and investment performance.
Performance fees from our private equity funds and certain credit and real assets funds are subject to contingent repayment by the general partner in the event of future losses to the extent that the cumulative performance fees distributed from inception to date exceeds the amount computed as due to the general partner at the final distribution. These general partner obligations, if applicable, are included in due to related parties on the condensed consolidated statements of financial condition.
The following table summarizes our performance fees since inception for our combined segments through June 30, 2018:
 
Performance Fees Since Inception(1)
 
Undistributed by Fund and Recognized
 
Distributed by Fund and Recognized(2)
 
Total Undistributed and Distributed by Fund and Recognized(3)
 
General Partner Obligation as of June 30, 2018(3)
 
Maximum Performance Fees Subject to Potential Reversal(4)
 
(in millions)
Private Equity:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Fund VIII
$
776.1

 
$
350.9

 
$
1,127.0

 
$
—

 
$
989.9

Fund VII
108.8

 
3,126.7

 
3,235.5

 
—

 
660.4

Fund VI
11.8

 
1,658.9

 
1,670.7

 
—

 
1,122.8

Fund IV and V
—

 
2,053.1

 
2,053.1

 
23.9

 
8.4

ANRP I and II
22.7

 
86.5

 
109.2

 
17.6

 
51.7

AAA/Other
62.2

 
541.2

 
603.4

 
—

 
86.4

Total Private Equity
981.6

 
7,817.3

 
8,798.9

 
41.5

 
2,919.6

Credit(5):
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Drawdown
304.1

 
1,145.2

 
1,449.3

 
37.8

 
471.3

Liquid/Performing
22.6

 
534.0

 
556.6

 
—

 
22.8

MidCap, AINV, AFT, AIF
74.2

 
—

 
74.2

 
—

 
74.2

Total Credit
400.9

 
1,679.2

 
2,080.1

 
37.8

 
568.3

Real Assets:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
U.S. RE Fund I and II
17.5

 
26.0

 
43.5

 
—

 
37.9

Other(6)
7.3

 
25.1

 
32.4

 
—

 
16.6

Total Real Assets
24.8

 
51.1

 
75.9

 
—

 
54.5

Total
$
1,407.3

 
$
9,547.6

 
$
10,954.9

 
$
79.3

 
$
3,542.4

(1)
Certain funds are denominated in Euros and historical figures are translated into U.S. dollars at an exchange rate of €1.00 to $1.17 as of June 30, 2018.
(2)
Amounts in “Distributed by Fund and Recognized” for the CPI, Gulf Stream Asset Management, LLC (“Gulf Stream”) and Stone Tower funds and SIAs are presented for activity subsequent to the respective acquisition dates.
(3)
Amounts were computed based on the fair value of fund investments on June 30, 2018. Performance fees have been allocated to and recognized by the general partner. Based on the amount allocated, a portion is subject to potential reversal or, to the extent applicable, has been reduced by the general partner obligation to return previously distributed performance fees at June 30, 2018. The actual determination and any required payment of any such general partner obligation would not take place until the final disposition of the fund’s investments based on contractual termination of the fund.
(4)
Represents the amount of performance fees that would be reversed if remaining fund investments became worthless on June 30, 2018. Amounts subject to potential reversal of performance fees include amounts undistributed by a fund (i.e., the performance fees receivable), as well as a portion of the amounts that have been distributed by a fund, net of taxes not subject to a general partner obligation to return previously distributed performance fees, except for those funds that are gross of taxes as defined in the respective funds’ governing documents.
(5)
Amounts exclude AINV, as performance fees from this entity are not subject to contingent repayment.
(6)
Other includes certain SIAs.
Expenses
Compensation and Benefits. Our most significant expense is compensation and benefits expense. This consists of fixed salary, discretionary and non-discretionary bonuses, profit sharing expense associated with the performance fees earned from credit, private equity, and real assets funds and compensation expense associated with the vesting of non-cash equity-based awards.

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Our compensation arrangements with certain partners and employees contain a significant performance-based incentive component. Therefore, as our net revenues increase, our compensation costs also rise or can be lower when net revenues decrease. In addition, our compensation costs reflect the increased investment in people as we expand geographically and create new funds.
In addition, certain professionals and selected other individuals have a profit sharing interest in the performance fees earned in relation to our private equity, certain credit and real assets funds in order to better align their interests with our own and with those of the investors in these funds. Profit sharing expense is part of our compensation and benefits expense and is generally based upon a fixed percentage of credit, private equity and real assets performance fees. Profit sharing expense can reverse during periods when there is a decline in performance fees that were previously recognized. Profit sharing amounts are normally distributed to employees after the corresponding investment gains have been realized and generally before preferred returns are achieved for the investors. Therefore, changes in our unrealized performance fees have the same effect on our profit sharing expense. Profit sharing expense increases when unrealized performance fees increases. Realizations only impact profit sharing expense to the extent that the effects on investments have not been recognized previously. If losses on other investments within a fund are subsequently realized, the profit sharing amounts previously distributed are normally subject to a general partner obligation to return performance fees previously distributed back to the funds. This general partner obligation due to the funds would be realized only when the fund is liquidated, which generally occurs at the end of the fund’s term. However, indemnification obligations also exist for realized gains with respect to Fund IV, Fund V and Fund VI, which, although our Managing Partners and Contributing Partners would remain personally liable, may indemnify our Managing Partners and Contributing Partners for 17.5% to 100% of the previously distributed profits regardless of the fund’s future performance. See note 13 to our condensed consolidated financial statements for further information regarding the Company’s indemnification liability.
Each Managing Partner receives $100,000 per year in base salary for services rendered to us. Additionally, our Managing Partners can receive other forms of compensation. In addition, AHL Awards (as defined in note 11 to our condensed consolidated financial statements) and other equity-based compensation awards have been granted to the Company and certain employees, which amortize over the respective vesting periods. In addition, the Company grants equity awards to certain employees, including RSUs, restricted Class A shares and options, that generally vest and become exercisable in quarterly installments or annual installments depending on the contract terms over a period of three to six years. See note 11 to our condensed consolidated financial statements for further discussion of equity-based compensation.
Other Expenses. The balance of our other expenses includes interest, placement fees, and general, administrative and other operating expenses. Interest expense consists primarily of interest related to the 2013 AMH Credit Facilities, the 2024 Senior Notes, the 2026 Senior Notes and the 2048 Senior Notes as discussed in note 9 to our condensed consolidated financial statements. Placement fees are incurred in connection with our capital raising activities. General, administrative and other expenses includes occupancy expense, depreciation and amortization, professional fees and costs related to travel, information technology and administration. Occupancy expense represents charges related to office leases and associated expenses, such as utilities and maintenance fees. Depreciation and amortization of fixed assets is normally calculated using the straight-line method over their estimated useful lives, ranging from two to sixteen years, taking into consideration any residual value. Leasehold improvements are amortized over the shorter of the useful life of the asset or the expected term of the lease. Intangible assets are amortized based on the future cash flows over the expected useful lives of the assets.
Other Income (Loss)
Net Gains (Losses) from Investment Activities. Net gains (losses) from investment activities include both realized gains and losses and the change in unrealized gains and losses in our investment portfolio between the opening reporting date and the closing reporting date. Net unrealized gains (losses) are a result of changes in the fair value of unrealized investments and reversal of unrealized gains (losses) due to dispositions of investments during the reporting period. Significant judgment and estimation goes into the assumptions that drive these models and the actual values realized with respect to investments could be materially different from values obtained based on the use of those models. The valuation methodologies applied impact the reported value of investment company holdings and their underlying portfolios in our condensed consolidated financial statements.
Net Gains (Losses) from Investment Activities of Consolidated Variable Interest Entities. Changes in the fair value of the consolidated VIEs’ assets and liabilities and related interest, dividend and other income and expenses subsequent to consolidation are presented within net gains (losses) from investment activities of consolidated variable interest entities and are attributable to Non-Controlling Interests in the condensed consolidated statements of operations.
Other Income (Losses), Net. Other income (losses), net includes gains (losses) arising from the remeasurement of foreign currency denominated assets and liabilities, remeasurement of the tax receivable agreement liability related to the TCJA and other miscellaneous non-operating income and expenses.

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Income Taxes. The Apollo Operating Group and its subsidiaries generally operate as partnerships for U.S. federal income tax purposes. As a result, except as described below, the Apollo Operating Group has not been subject to U.S. income taxes. However, the U.S. entities, in some cases, are subject to New York City unincorporated business tax (“NYC UBT”), and non-U.S. entities, in some cases, are subject to non-U.S. corporate income taxes. In addition, certain consolidated entities are, or are treated as, corporations for U.S. and non-U.S. tax purposes and therefore subject to federal, state, local and foreign corporate income tax. The Company's provision for income taxes is accounted for in accordance with U.S. GAAP.
Significant judgment is required in determining the provision for income taxes and in evaluating income tax positions, including evaluating uncertainties. We recognize the income tax benefits of uncertain tax positions only where the position is “more likely than not” to be sustained upon examination, including resolutions of any related appeals or litigation, based on the technical merits of the positions. The tax benefit is measured as the largest amount of benefit that has a greater than 50% likelihood of being realized upon ultimate settlement. If a tax position is not considered more likely than not to be sustained, then no benefits of the position are recognized. The Company’s income tax positions are reviewed and evaluated quarterly to determine whether or not we have uncertain tax positions that require financial statement recognition or de-recognition.
Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the expected future tax consequences, using currently enacted tax rates, of differences between the carrying amount of assets and liabilities and their respective tax basis. The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates is recognized in income in the period when the change is enacted. Deferred tax assets are reduced by a valuation allowance when it is more likely than not that some portion or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized.
Non-Controlling Interests
For entities that are consolidated, but not 100% owned, a portion of the income or loss and corresponding equity is allocated to owners other than Apollo. The aggregate of the income or loss and corresponding equity that is not owned by the Company is included in Non-Controlling Interests in the condensed consolidated financial statements. The Non-Controlling Interests relating to Apollo Global Management, LLC primarily include the 50.1% and 52.1% ownership interest in the Apollo Operating Group held by the Managing Partners and Contributing Partners through their limited partner interests in Holdings as of June 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively. Non-Controlling Interests also include limited partner interests in certain consolidated funds and VIEs.
The authoritative guidance for Non-Controlling Interests in the condensed consolidated financial statements requires reporting entities to present Non-Controlling Interest as equity and provides guidance on the accounting for transactions between an entity and Non-Controlling Interests. According to the guidance, (1) Non-Controlling Interests are presented as a separate component of shareholders’ equity on the Company’s condensed consolidated statements of financial condition, (2) net income (loss) includes the net income (loss) attributable to the Non-Controlling Interest holders on the Company’s condensed consolidated statements of operations, (3) the primary components of Non-Controlling Interest are separately presented in the Company’s condensed consolidated statements of changes in shareholders’ equity to clearly distinguish the interests in the Apollo Operating Group and other ownership interests in the consolidated entities and (4) profits and losses are allocated to Non-Controlling Interests in proportion to their ownership interests regardless of their basis.

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Results of Operations
Below is a discussion of our condensed consolidated results of operations for the three and six months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017. For additional analysis of the factors that affected our results at the segment level, see “—Segment Analysis” below:
 
For the Three Months Ended
June 30,
 
Amount
Change
 
Percentage
Change
 
For the Six Months Ended June 30,
 
Amount
Change
 
Percentage
Change
 
2018
 
2017
 
 
2018
 
2017
 
Revenues:
(in thousands)
 
 
 
(in thousands)
 
 
Management fees
$
341,626

 
$
281,305

 
$
60,321

 
21.4
 %
 
$
628,352

 
$
550,848

 
$
77,504

 
14.1
 %
Advisory and transaction fees, net
15,440

 
23,629

 
(8,189
)
 
(34.7
)
 
28,991

 
38,696

 
(9,705
)
 
(25.1
)
Investment income:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Performance allocations
129,085

 
120,393

 
8,692

 
7.2

 
4,920

 
472,986

 
(468,066
)
 
(99.0
)
Principal investment income
22,175

 
16,836

 
5,339

 
31.7

 
9,181

 
55,389

 
(46,208
)
 
(83.4
)
Total investment income
151,260

 
137,229

 
14,031

 
10.2

 
14,101

 
528,375

 
(514,274
)
 
(97.3
)
Incentive fees
14,990

 
7,545

 
7,445

 
98.7

 
18,775

 
13,893

 
4,882

 
35.1

Total Revenues
523,316

 
449,708

 
73,608

 
16.4

 
690,219

 
1,131,812

 
(441,593
)
 
(39.0
)
Expenses:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Compensation and benefits:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Salary, bonus and benefits
115,075

 
105,545

 
9,530

 
9.0

 
230,901

 
207,158

 
23,743

 
11.5

Equity-based compensation
37,784

 
22,740

 
15,044

 
66.2

 
73,309

 
45,847

 
27,462

 
59.9

Profit sharing expense
70,545

 
58,059

 
12,486

 
21.5

 
58,268

 
202,383

 
(144,115
)
 
(71.2
)
Total compensation and benefits
223,404

 
186,344

 
37,060

 
19.9

 
362,478

 
455,388

 
(92,910
)
 
(20.4
)
Interest expense
15,162

 
13,195

 
1,967

 
14.9

 
28,959

 
26,194

 
2,765

 
10.6

General, administrative and other
62,517

 
59,729

 
2,788

 
4.7

 
124,194

 
121,769

 
2,425

 
2.0

Placement fees
311

 
5,258

 
(4,947
)
 
(94.1
)
 
638

 
7,163

 
(6,525
)
 
(91.1
)
Total Expenses
301,394

 
264,526

 
36,868

 
13.9

 
516,269

 
610,514

 
(94,245
)
 
(15.4
)
Other Income (Loss):
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net gains (losses) from investment activities
(67,505
)
 
(513
)
 
(66,992
)
 
NM

 
(134,638
)
 
34,004

 
(168,642
)
 
NM

Net gains from investment activities of consolidated variable interest entities
9,213

 
6,132

 
3,081

 
50.2

 
15,745

 
10,240

 
5,505

 
53.8

Interest income
4,547

 
622

 
3,925

 
NM

 
8,106

 
1,425

 
6,681

 
468.8

Other income (loss), net
(5,443
)
 
742

 
(6,185
)
 
NM

 
(1,197
)
 
19,389

 
(20,586
)
 
NM

Total Other Income (Loss)
(59,188
)
 
6,983

 
(66,171
)
 
NM

 
(111,984
)
 
65,058

 
(177,042
)
 
NM

Income before income tax provision
162,734

 
192,165

 
(29,431
)
 
(15.3
)
 
61,966

 
586,356

 
(524,390
)
 
(89.4
)
Income tax (provision) benefit
(18,924
)
 
777

 
(19,701
)
 
NM

 
(27,504
)
 
(38,384
)
 
10,880

 
(28.3
)
Net Income
143,810

 
192,942

 
(49,132
)
 
(25.5
)
 
34,462

 
547,972

 
(513,510
)
 
(93.7
)
Net income attributable to Non-Controlling Interests
(80,200
)
 
(101,262
)
 
21,062

 
(20.8
)
 
(29,114
)
 
(311,096
)
 
281,982

 
(90.6
)
Net Income Attributable to Apollo Global Management, LLC
63,610

 
91,680

 
(28,070
)
 
(30.6
)
 
5,348

 
236,876

 
(231,528
)
 
(97.7
)
Net income attributable to Series A Preferred Shareholders
(4,383
)
 
(4,772
)
 
389

 
(8.2
)
 
(8,766
)
 
(4,772
)
 
(3,994
)
 
83.7

Net income attributable to Series B Preferred Shareholders
(4,569
)
 
—

 
(4,569
)
 
NM

 
(4,569
)
 
—

 
(4,569
)
 
NM

Net Income (Loss) Attributable to AGM Class A Shareholders
$
54,658

 
$
86,908

 
$
(32,250
)
 
(37.1
)%
 
$
(7,987
)
 
$
232,104

 
$
(240,091
)
 
NM

Note:
“NM” denotes not meaningful. Changes from negative to positive amounts and positive to negative amounts are not considered meaningful. Increases or decreases from zero and changes greater than 500% are also not considered meaningful.
Revenues
Our revenues and other income include fixed components that result from measures of capital and asset valuations and variable components that result from realized and unrealized investment performance, as well as the value of successfully completed transactions.
Three Months Ended June 30, 2018 Compared to Three Months Ended June 30, 2017
Management fees increased by $60.3 million for the three months ended June 30, 2018 as compared to the three months ended June 30, 2017. This change was primarily attributable to the commencement of Fund IX’s investment period in April 2018, resulting in $80.4 million in management fees during the three months ended June 30, 2018, as well as an increase in

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management fees earned from Athene of $12.7 million during the three months ended June 30, 2018 as compared to the same period in 2017. This increase was partially offset by a decrease in management fees earned with respect to Fund VIII of $27.4 million during the three months ended June 30, 2018 as compared to the same period in 2017 as a result of a change in the basis upon which management fees are earned from capital commitments to invested capital. For additional details regarding changes in management fees in each segment, see “—Segment Analysis” below.
Advisory and transaction fees, net, decreased by $8.2 million for the three months ended June 30, 2018 as compared to the three months ended June 30, 2017. This change was primarily attributable to a decrease in net advisory and transaction fees earned with respect to Fund VIII’s portfolio companies and COF III of $7.5 million and $1.4 million, respectively, during the three months ended June 30, 2018 as compared to the same period in 2017.
Performance allocations increased by $8.7 million for the three months ended June 30, 2018 as compared to the three months ended June 30, 2017. This change was primarily attributable to increased performance allocations earned from our private equity funds of $27.7 million, offset by decreased performance allocations earned from our credit funds of $15.5 million during the three months ended June 30, 2018 as compared to the same period in 2017. For additional details regarding changes in performance allocations in each segment, see “—Segment Analysis” below.
Principal investment income increased by $5.3 million for the three months ended June 30, 2018, as compared to the three months ended June 30, 2017. This change was primarily driven by increases in the value of investments held by certain Apollo funds and other entities in which the Company has a direct interest, mainly with respect to Fund VII, as well as a standalone, self-managed asset management business (collectively with its subsidiaries, “Redding Ridge”), and ANRP II of $3.8 million, $3.1 million and $2.3 million, respectively, partially offset by a decrease with respect to Fund VIII of $4.3 million during the three months ended June 30, 2018 as compared to the same period in 2017.
Incentive fees increased by $7.4 million for the three months ended June 30, 2018 as compared to the three months ended June 30, 2017. This change was primarily attributable to an increase in incentive fees recognized from a strategic investment account of $6.7 million during the three months ended June 30, 2018 as the incentive fees crystallized and are no longer subject to clawback or reversal.
Six Months Ended June 30, 2018 Compared to Six Months Ended June 30, 2017
Management fees increased by $77.5 million for the six months ended June 30, 2018 as compared to the six months ended June 30, 2017. This change was primarily attributable to the commencement of Fund IX’s investment period in April 2018, resulting in $80.4 million in management fees during the six months ended June 30, 2018 as compared to the same period in 2017.
Advisory and transaction fees, net, decreased by $9.7 million for the six months ended June 30, 2018 as compared to the six months ended June 30, 2017. This change was primarily attributable to a decrease in net advisory and transaction fees earned with respect to Fund VIII’s portfolio companies of $9.9 million during the six months ended June 30, 2018 as compared to the same period during 2017.
Performance allocations decreased by $468.1 million for the six months ended June 30, 2018 as compared to the six months ended June 30, 2017. This change was primarily attributable to decreased performance allocations earned from our private equity funds of $457.5 million, during the six months ended June 30, 2018 as compared to the same period in 2017. For additional details regarding changes in performance allocations in each segment, see “—Segment Analysis” below.
Principal investment income decreased by $46.2 million for the six months ended June 30, 2018 as compared to the six months ended June 30, 2017. This change was primarily driven by a decrease in the value of investments held by certain Apollo funds and other entities in which the Company has a direct interest, mainly with respect to Fund VIII of $42.9 million during the six months ended June 30, 2018 as compared to the same period in 2017.
Incentive fees increased by $4.9 million for the six months ended June 30, 2018 as compared to the six months ended June 30, 2017. This change was primarily attributable to an increase in incentive fees recognized from a strategic investment account of $3.7 million during the six months ended June 30, 2018 as the incentive fees crystallized and are no longer subject to clawback or reversal.
Expenses
Three Months Ended June 30, 2018 Compared to Three Months Ended June 30, 2017
Compensation and benefits increased by $37.1 million for the three months ended June 30, 2018, as compared to the three months ended June 30, 2017. This change was attributable to an increase in equity-based compensation of $15.0 million for

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the three months ended June 30, 2018, as compared to the same period in 2017, primarily attributable to a grant of RSUs under the 2007 Equity Plan during the three months ended June 30, 2018 (see note 11 to the condensed consolidated financial statements). This change was also driven by an increase in profit sharing expense of $12.5 million due to increased performance allocations during the three months ended June 30, 2018, as compared to the same period in 2017. In any period the blended profit sharing percentage is impacted by the respective profit sharing ratios of the funds generating performance allocations in the period.
Included in profit sharing expense is $18.9 million and $22.3 million for the three months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively, related to a performance based incentive arrangement for certain Apollo partners and employees designed to more closely align compensation on an annual basis with the overall realized performance of the Company (referred to herein as the “Incentive Pool”). Allocations to participants in the Incentive Pool contain both a fixed component and a discretionary component, each of which may vary year to year. The Incentive Pool is separate from the fund related profit sharing expense and may result in greater variability in compensation and have a variable impact on the blended profit sharing percentage during a particular period. See “—Profit Sharing Expense” in the Critical Accounting Policies section for an overview of the Incentive Pool.
Interest expense increased by $2.0 million for the three months ended June 30, 2018 as compared to the three months ended June 30, 2017 as a result of additional interest expense incurred due to the issuance of the 2048 Senior Notes in March 2018 partially offset by a decrease in interest expense as a result of the repayment of the entire remaining amount of the Term Facility, as described in note 9 to our condensed consolidated financial statements.
General, administrative and other expenses increased by $2.8 million for the three months ended June 30, 2018, as compared to the three months ended June 30, 2017 primarily due to an increase in professional fees during the three months ended June 30, 2018, as compared to the three months ended June 30, 2017.
Placement fees decreased by $4.9 million for the three months ended June 30, 2018, as compared to the three months ended June 30, 2017 primarily as a result of placement fees incurred in connection with capital raising activities relating to EPF III and Fund IX of $3.6 million and $1.3 million, respectively, during the three months ended June 30, 2017. The fees are normally payable to placement agents, who are third parties that assist in identifying potential investors, securing commitments to invest from such potential investors, preparing or revising offering marketing materials, developing strategies for attempting to secure investments by potential investors and/or providing feedback and insight regarding issues and concerns of potential investors.
Six Months Ended June 30, 2018 Compared to Six Months Ended June 30, 2017
Compensation and benefits decreased by $92.9 million for the six months ended June 30, 2018, as compared to the six months ended June 30, 2017. This change was primarily attributable to a decrease in profit sharing expense of $144.1 million due to decreased performance allocations during the six months ended June 30, 2018, as compared to the same period in 2017. In any period the blended profit sharing percentage is impacted by the respective profit sharing ratios of the funds generating performance allocations in the period. This decrease was partially offset by an increase in equity-based compensation of $27.5 million, primarily attributable to a grant of RSUs under the 2007 Equity Plan during the six months ended June 30, 2018 (see note 11 to the condensed consolidated financial statements). In addition, salary, bonus and benefits increased $23.7 million during the six months ended June 30, 2018, as compared to the same period in 2017 primarily due to increased headcount.
Included in profit sharing expense is $34.4 million and 40.3 million for the six months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively, related to the Incentive Pool. See “—Profit Sharing Expense” in the Critical Accounting Policies section for an overview of the Incentive Pool.
Interest expense increased by $2.8 million for the six months ended June 30, 2018, as compared to the six months ended June 30, 2017 as a result of additional interest expense incurred due to the issuance of the 2048 Senior Notes in March 2018, partially offset by a decrease in interest expense as a result of the repayment of the entire remaining amount of the Term Facility, as described in note 9 to our condensed consolidated financial statements.
General, administrative and other expenses increased by $2.4 million for the six months ended June 30, 2018, as compared to the six months ended June 30, 2017. This change was primarily driven by an increase in professional fees during the six months ended June 30, 2018 as compared to the same period in 2017.
Placement fees decreased by $6.5 million for the six months ended June 30, 2018, as compared to the six months ended June 30, 2017. This change was primarily driven by placement fees incurred in connection with capital raising activities relating to Apollo European Principal Finance Fund III, L.P. (“EPF III”) and Fund IX of $4.9 million and $1.3 million, respectively, during the six months ended June 30, 2017.

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Other Income (Loss)
Three Months Ended June 30, 2018 Compared to Three Months Ended June 30, 2017
Net losses from investment activities increased by $67.0 million for the three months ended June 30, 2018, as compared to the three months ended June 30, 2017. This change was primarily attributable to a decrease in the fair value of the Company’s investment in Athene Holding during the three months ended June 30, 2018, as compared to the same period in 2017. See note 6 to the condensed consolidated financial statements for further information regarding the Company’s investment in Athene Holding.
Net gains from investment activities of consolidated VIEs increased by $3.1 million for the three months ended June 30, 2018, as compared to the three months ended June 30, 2017. See note 5 to the condensed consolidated financial statements for details regarding net gains from investment activities of consolidated VIEs.
Interest income increased by $3.9 million for the three months ended June 30, 2018, as compared to the three months ended June 30, 2017 primarily due to additional interest income earned from money market funds and U.S. Treasury securities held after June 30, 2017.
Other loss, net was $5.4 million during the three months ended June 30, 2018, as compared to other income, net of $0.7 million during the the three months ended June 30, 2017. This change was primarily attributable to an increase in foreign exchange losses during the three months ended June 30, 2018, as compared to the same period in 2017.
Six Months Ended June 30, 2018 Compared to Six Months Ended June 30, 2017
Net losses from investment activities were $134.6 million for the six months ended June 30, 2018, as compared to net gains from investment activities of $34.0 million for the six months ended June 30, 2017. This change was primarily attributable to a loss on the Company’s investment in Athene Holding during the six months ended June 30, 2018, as compared to a gain in the Company’s investment in Athene Holding during the six months ended June 30, 2017. See note 6 to the condensed consolidated financial statements for further information regarding the Company’s investment in Athene Holding.
Net gains from investment activities of consolidated VIEs increased by $5.5 million for the six months ended June 30, 2018, as compared to the six months ended June 30, 2017. See note 5 to the condensed consolidated financial statements for details regarding net gains from investment activities of consolidated VIEs.
Interest income increased by $6.7 million for the six months ended June 30, 2018, as compared to the six months ended June 30, 2017 primarily due to additional interest income earned from money market funds and U.S. Treasury securities held after June 30, 2017.
Other loss, net was $1.2 million during the six months ended June 30, 2018, as compared to other income, net of $19.4 million during the six months ended June 30, 2017. This change was primarily attributable to insurance proceeds received during the six months ended June 30, 2017 in connection with fees and expenses incurred relating to a legal proceeding which did not recur in 2018.
Net Income Attributable to Non-Controlling Interests and Series A and Series B Preferred Shareholders
For information related to net income attributable to Non-Controlling Interests and net income attributable to Series A and Series B Preferred shareholders, see note 12 to the condensed consolidated financial statements.
Income Tax Provision
The Apollo Operating Group and its subsidiaries generally operate as partnerships for U.S. federal income tax purposes. As a result, only a portion of the income we earn is subject to corporate-level tax in the United States and foreign jurisdictions. The provision for income taxes includes federal, state and local income taxes in the United States and foreign income taxes.
Three Months Ended June 30, 2018 Compared to Three Months Ended June 30, 2017
The income tax provision was $18.9 million for three months ended June 30, 2018, as compared to an income tax benefit of $0.8 million for the three months ended June 30, 2017. The increase in the income tax provision was primarily due to an overall change in the mix of earnings when comparing the amount of earnings that are subject to corporate-level taxation to those earnings that are not subject to corporate-level tax as these earnings are passed through to Non-Controlling Interests and Class A shareholders. The provision for income taxes includes federal, state, local and foreign income taxes resulting in an effective income tax rate of 11.6% and (0.4)% for the three months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively. The most significant reconciling items between our U.S. federal statutory income tax rate and our effective income tax rate were due to the following:

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(i) income passed through to Non-Controlling Interests; (ii) income passed through to Class A shareholders; and (iii) state and local income taxes including NYC UBT (see note 8 to the condensed consolidated financial statements for further details regarding the Company’s income tax provision).
Six Months Ended June 30, 2018 Compared to Six Months Ended June 30, 2017
The income tax provision decreased by $10.9 million for the six months ended June 30, 2018, as compared to the six months ended June 30, 2017. The decrease was due to the following: i) reduction in the federal corporate income tax rate from 35% to 21% as a result of legislative reforms in the TCJA enacted on December 22, 2017, ii) a decrease in pre-tax GAAP net income during the six months ended June 30, 2018 as compared to the six months ended June 30, 2017 and iii) an overall change in the mix of earnings when comparing the amount of earnings that are subject to corporate-level taxation to those earnings that are not subject to corporate-level tax as these earnings are passed through to Non-Controlling Interests and Class A shareholders. The provision for income taxes includes federal, state, local and foreign income taxes resulting in an effective income tax rate of 44.4% and 6.5% for the six months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively. The most significant reconciling items between our U.S. federal statutory income tax rate and our effective income tax rate were due to the following: (i) income passed through to Non-Controlling Interests; (ii) income passed through to Class A shareholders; and (iii) state and local income taxes including NYC UBT (see note 8 to the condensed consolidated financial statements for further details regarding the Company’s income tax provision).
Segment Analysis
Discussed below are our results of operations for each of our reportable segments. They represent the segment information available and utilized by our executive management, which consists of our Managing Partners, who operate collectively as our chief operating decision maker, to assess performance and to allocate resources. Management divides its operations into three reportable segments: credit, private equity and real assets. These segments were established based on the nature of investment activities in each underlying fund, including the specific type of investment made and the level of control over the investment. Segment results represent segment income (loss) before income tax provision excluding transaction-related charges arising from the 2007 private placement, and any acquisitions. Transaction-related charges include equity-based compensation charges, the amortization of intangible assets and contingent consideration and certain other charges associated with acquisitions. In addition, segment results exclude non-cash revenue and expense related to equity awards granted by unconsolidated related parties to employees of the Company, as well as the assets, liabilities and operating results of the funds and VIEs that are included in the condensed consolidated financial statements.
Our financial results vary, since performance fees, which generally constitute a large portion of the income from the funds that we manage, as well as the transaction and advisory fees that we receive, can vary significantly from quarter to quarter and year to year. As a result, we emphasize long-term financial growth and profitability to manage our business.

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Credit
The following table sets forth our segment statement of operations information and EI within our credit segment.
 
For the Three Months Ended June 30,
 
Total Change
 
Percentage Change
 
For the Six Months Ended June 30,
 
Total Change
 
Percentage Change
 
2018
 
2017
 
 
 
2018
 
2017
 
 
 
(in thousands)
 
 
 
(in thousands)
 
 
Credit:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Revenues:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Management fees
$
184,587

 
$
169,856

 
$
14,731

 
8.7
 %
 
$
367,657

 
$
328,198

 
$
39,459

 
12.0
 %
Advisory and transaction fees, net
2,284

 
3,709

 
(1,425
)
 
(38.4
)
 
4,632

 
6,265

 
(1,633
)
 
(26.1
)
Performance fees(1):
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Unrealized
7,649

 
26,921

 
(19,272
)
 
(71.6
)
 
35,360

 
33,243

 
2,117

 
6.4

Realized
64,797

 
57,119

 
7,678

 
13.4

 
79,854

 
88,055

 
(8,201
)
 
(9.3
)
Total performance fees
72,446

 
84,040

 
(11,594
)
 
(13.8
)
 
115,214

 
121,298

 
(6,084
)
 
(5.0
)
Principal investment income
10,888

 
5,856

 
5,032

 
85.9

 
16,297

 
12,339

 
3,958

 
32.1

Total Revenues
270,205

 
263,461

 
6,744

 
2.6

 
503,800

 
468,100

 
35,700

 
7.6

Expenses:
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Compensation and benefits:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Salary, bonus and benefits
57,894

 
59,244

 
(1,350
)
 
(2.3
)
 
118,968

 
114,126

 
4,842

 
4.2

Equity-based compensation
8,311

 
9,228

 
(917
)
 
(9.9
)
 
18,038

 
18,330

 
(292
)
 
(1.6
)
Profit sharing expense:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Unrealized
3,052

 
12,927

 
(9,875
)
 
(76.4
)
 
18,765

 
15,142

 
3,623

 
23.9

Realized
37,106

 
23,080

 
14,026

 
60.8

 
43,708

 
36,525

 
7,183

 
19.7

Realized: Equity-based
2,072

 
582

 
1,490

 
256.0

 
3,863

 
869

 
2,994

 
344.5

Total profit sharing expense
42,230

 
36,589

 
5,641

 
15.4

 
66,336

 
52,536

 
13,800

 
26.3

Total compensation and benefits
108,435

 
105,061

 
3,374

 
3.2

 
203,342

 
184,992

 
18,350

 
9.9

Non-compensation expenses
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
General, administrative and other
33,626

 
31,760

 
1,866

 
5.9

 
66,761

 
63,850

 
2,911

 
4.6

Placement fees
279

 
3,918

 
(3,639
)
 
(92.9
)
 
555

 
5,688

 
(5,133
)
 
(90.2
)
Total non-compensation expenses
33,905

 
35,678

 
(1,773
)
 
(5.0
)
 
67,316

 
69,538

 
(2,222
)
 
(3.2
)
Total Expenses
142,340

 
140,739

 
1,601

 
1.1

 
270,658

 
254,530

 
16,128

 
6.3

Other Income (Loss):
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net gains (losses) from investment activities
(47,432
)
 
(299
)
 
(47,133
)
 
NM

 
(102,699
)
 
30,795

 
(133,494
)
 
NM

Net interest loss
(5,382
)
 
(6,484
)
 
1,102

 
(17.0
)
 
(10,353
)
 
(13,006
)
 
2,653

 
(20.4
)
Other income (loss), net
(2,319
)
 
(241
)
 
(2,078
)
 
NM

 
1,627

 
570

 
1,057

 
185.4

Total Other Income (Loss)
(55,133
)
 
(7,024
)
 
(48,109
)
 
NM

 
(111,425
)
 
18,359

 
(129,784
)
 
NM

Non-Controlling Interest
(1,364
)
 
(559
)
 
(805
)
 
144.0

 
(2,579
)
 
(1,493
)
 
(1,086
)
 
72.7

Economic Income
$
71,368

 
$
115,139

 
$
(43,771
)
 
(38.0
)%
 
$
119,138

 
$
230,436

 
$
(111,298
)
 
(48.3
)%
(1)
Performance fees includes performance allocations and incentive fees.
Revenues
Three Months Ended June 30, 2018 Compared to Three Months Ended June 30, 2017
Management fees increased by $14.7 million for the three months ended June 30, 2018, as compared to the three months ended June 30, 2017. This change was primarily attributable to an increase in management fees earned from Athene of $12.7 million during the three months ended June 30, 2018, as compared to the same period during 2017.
Advisory and transaction fees, net, decreased by $1.4 million during the three months ended June 30, 2018, as compared to the three months ended June 30, 2017. This change was primarily driven by a decrease in net advisory and transaction fees earned with respect to COF III of $1.4 million during the three months ended June 30, 2018, as compared to the same period during 2017.
Performance fees decreased by $11.6 million for the three months ended June 30, 2018, as compared to the three months ended June 30, 2017. This change was primarily attributable to a decrease in performance fees earned from EPF II of $48.9 million, partially offset by (i) a reversal of the general partner obligation to return previously distributed performance fees for a drawdown fund of $17.3 million during the three months ended June 30, 2018 and (ii) increases in performance fees earned from

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Apollo Credit Strategies Master Fund Ltd., a strategic investment account and Apollo Structured Credit Recovery Master Fund IV, L.P. (“SCRF IV”) of $8.2 million, $6.7 million and $6.4 million, respectively.
The decrease in performance fees from EPF II was primarily attributable to decreased appreciation of German commercial real estate investments and a Spanish financial services investment held by the fund for the three months ended June 30, 2018 as compared to the same period in 2017. The increase in performance fees from Apollo Credit Strategies Master Fund Ltd. was primarily attributable to fundraising, which doubled the size of the fund, as well as increases in the market value of certain of the fund’s investments in the energy, media, retail, and sovereign finance industries. Performance fees from a strategic investment account increased as the incentive fees crystallized during the three months ended June 30, 2018. The increase in performance fees from SCRF IV was primarily due to the appreciation of a financial services portfolio company of the fund as well as strong performance in the fund’s CLO portfolio during the three months ended June 30, 2018.
Principal investment income increased by $5.0 million for the three months ended June 30, 2018, as compared to the three months ended June 30, 2017. This change was primarily driven by increases in income from Apollo’s equity ownership interest in Redding Ridge and COF III of $3.1 million and $1.5 million, respectively, during the three months ended June 30, 2018, as compared to the same period in 2017.
Six Months Ended June 30, 2018 Compared to Six Months Ended June 30, 2017
Management fees increased by $39.5 million for the six months ended June 30, 2018, as compared to the six months ended June 30, 2017. This change was primarily attributable to increases in management fees earned from Athene, EPF III and Apollo Total Return Fund L.P. of $21.5 million, $8.0 million and $5.9 million, respectively, during the six months ended June 30, 2018, as compared to the same period during 2017.
Advisory and transaction fees, net decreased by $1.6 million during the six months ended June 30, 2018, as compared to the six months ended June 30, 2017. This decrease was primarily driven by decreases in net advisory and transaction fees earned with respect to COF III of $1.2 million during the six months ended June 30, 2018, as compared to the same period during 2017.
Performance fees decreased by $6.1 million for the six months ended June 30, 2018, as compared to the six months ended June 30, 2017. This change was primarily attributable to decreases in performance fees earned from EPF II and Apollo Structured Recovery Master Fund III, L.P. (“SCRF III”) of $44.1 million and $8.4 million, respectively, during the six months ended June 30, 2018, as compared to the same period during 2017. The decrease was partially offset by (i) a reversal of the general partner obligation to return previously distributed performance fees for a drawdown fund of $17.3 million during the six months ended June 30, 2018 and (ii) increases in performance fees earned from Financial Credit Investment III, L.P. (“FCI III”), SCRF IV, Apollo Credit Strategies Master Fund Ltd. and MidCap of $9.7 million, $7.6 million, $6.5 million and $5.1 million, respectively.
The decrease in performance fees from EPF II was primarily attributable to decreased appreciation of German commercial real estate investments and a Spanish financial services investment held by the fund for the six months ended June 30, 2018 as compared to the same period in 2017. The decrease in performance fees earned from SCRF III was attributable to performance fees being generated at a slower rate compared to the same period in 2017 as the fund has unwound its portfolio.
The increase in performance fees earned from FCI III was due to significant realizations of the fund’s life settlements portfolio during the six months ended June 30, 2018. The increase in performance fees earned from SCRF IV was primarily due to the appreciation of a financial services portfolio company of the fund as well as strong performance in the fund’s CLO portfolio during the six months ended June 30, 2018. The increase in performance fees earned from Apollo Credit Strategies Master Fund Ltd. was primarily attributable to fundraising, which doubled the size of the fund, as well as increases in the market value of certain of the fund’s investments in the retail, food and beverage, media, and telecommunications industries. The increase in performance fees earned from MidCap was a result of higher earnings driven by stronger loan portfolio returns and fee income during the six months ended June 30, 2018, as compared to the same period in 2017.
Principal investment income increased by $4.0 million for the six months ended June 30, 2018, as compared to the six months ended June 30, 2017. This change was primarily driven by increases in income from Apollo’s equity ownership interest in Redding Ridge and AEOF of $3.1 million and $1.4 million, respectively, during the six months ended June 30, 2018, as compared to the same period in 2017.
Expenses
Three Months Ended June 30, 2018 Compared to Three Months Ended June 30, 2017
Compensation and benefits expense increased by $3.4 million for the three months ended June 30, 2018, as compared to the three months ended June 30, 2017. This change was primarily due to an increase in profit sharing expense of $5.6 million,

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partially offset by a decrease in salary, bonus and benefits of $1.4 million during the three months ended June 30, 2018, as compared to the three months ended June 30, 2017. Realized profit sharing expense increased as a result of a corresponding increase in realized performance fees while unrealized profit sharing expense decreased as a result of a corresponding decrease in unrealized performance fees. In any period the blended profit sharing percentage is impacted by the respective profit sharing ratios of the funds generating performance fees in the period. Additionally, profit sharing expense increased as a result of grants of RSUs under the 2007 Equity Plan during the three months ended June 30, 2018 (see note 11 to the condensed consolidated financial statements).
Included in profit sharing expense is $7.7 million and $6.1 million related to the Incentive Pool for the three months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively. The Incentive Pool is separate from the fund related profit sharing expense and may result in greater variability in compensation and have a variable impact on the blended profit sharing percentage during a particular period.
General, administrative and other increased by $1.9 million during the three months ended June 30, 2018, as compared to the three months ended June 30, 2017. The change was primarily driven by an increase in professional fees, partially offset by a decrease in new fund organizational expenses related to EPF III during the three months ended June 30, 2018, as compared to the same period in 2017.
Placement fees decreased by $3.6 million during the three months ended June 30, 2018, as compared to the three months ended June 30, 2017. This change was primarily driven by placement fees incurred in connection with capital raising activity relating to EPF III of $3.6 million during the three months ended June 30, 2017.
Six Months Ended June 30, 2018 Compared to Six Months Ended June 30, 2017
Compensation and benefits expense increased by $18.4 million for the six months ended June 30, 2018, as compared to the six months ended June 30, 2017. This change was primarily attributable to an increase in profit sharing expense of $13.8 million during the six months ended June 30, 2018, as compared to the same period in 2017. Profit sharing expense increased as a result of grants of RSUs under the 2007 Equity Plan during the six months ended June 30, 2018 (see note 11 to the condensed consolidated financial statements). In addition, the change was attributable to an increase in salary, bonus and benefits of $4.8 million during the six months ended June 30, 2018, as compared to the same period in 2017, primarily due to increased headcount.
Included in profit sharing expense is $8.6 million related to the Incentive Pool for both the six months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017. The Incentive Pool is separate from the fund related profit sharing expense and may result in greater variability in compensation and have a variable impact on the blended profit sharing percentage during a particular period.
General, administrative and other increased by $2.9 million during the six months ended June 30, 2018, as compared to the six months ended June 30, 2017. The change was primarily driven by an increase in professional fees, partially offset by a decrease in new fund organizational expenses related to EPF III during the six months ended June 30, 2018, as compared to the same period in 2017.
Placement fees decreased by $5.1 million during the six months ended June 30, 2018, as compared to the six months ended June 30, 2017. This change was primarily driven by placement fees incurred in connection with capital raising activity relating to EPF III of $4.9 million during the six months ended June 30, 2017.
Other Income (Loss)
Three Months Ended June 30, 2018 Compared to Three Months Ended June 30, 2017
Net losses from investment activities increased by $47.1 million for the three months ended June 30, 2018, as compared to the three months ended June 30, 2017. This change was primarily attributable to a decrease in the fair value of the Company’s investment in Athene during the three months ended June 30, 2018 as compared to the same period in 2017. See note 6 to the condensed consolidated financial statements for further information regarding the Company’s investment in Athene Holding.
Net interest loss decreased by $1.1 million for the three months ended June 30, 2018, as compared to the three months ended June 30, 2017, primarily due to additional interest income earned from money market funds and U.S. Treasury securities held after June 30, 2017. Interest income was partially offset by additional interest expense incurred during the three months ended June 30, 2018 as a result of the issuance of the 2048 Senior Notes in March 2018, as described in note 9 to our condensed consolidated financial statements.
Other loss, net increased by $2.1 million for the three months ended June 30, 2018, as compared to the three months ended June 30, 2017, primarily attributable to an increase in foreign exchange losses during the three months ended June 30, 2018 as compared to the same period in 2017.

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Six Months Ended June 30, 2018 Compared to Six Months Ended June 30, 2017
Net losses from investment activities were $102.7 million for the six months ended June 30, 2018, as compared to net gains from investment activities of $30.8 million for the six months ended June 30, 2017. This change was primarily attributable to a loss on the Company’s investment in Athene Holding during the six months ended June 30, 2018, as compared to a gain on the Company’s investment in Athene Holding during the six months ended June 30, 2017. See note 6 to the condensed consolidated financial statements for further information regarding the Company’s investment in Athene Holding.
Net interest loss decreased by $2.7 million for the six months ended June 30, 2018, as compared to the six months ended June 30, 2017, primarily due to additional interest income earned from money market funds and U.S. Treasury securities held after June 30, 2017. Interest income was partially offset by additional interest expense incurred during the six months ended June 30, 2018 as a result of the issuance of the 2048 Senior Notes in March 2018, as described in note 9 to our condensed consolidated financial statements.
Other income, net increased by $1.1 million for the six months ended June 30, 2018, as compared to the six months ended June 30, 2017. This change was primarily attributable to income of $3.8 million recognized from the assignment of a CLO collateral management agreement during the six months ended June 30, 2018. The increase was partially offset by an increase in foreign exchange losses during the six months ended June 30, 2018 as compared to the same period in 2017.
Non-Controlling Interests
For information related to Non-Controlling Interests, see note 12 to the condensed consolidated financial statements for further details.

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Private Equity
The following table sets forth our segment statement of operations information and our supplemental performance measure, EI, within our private equity segment.
 
For the Three Months Ended June 30,
 
Total Change
 
Percentage Change
 
For the Six Months Ended June 30,
 
Total Change
 
Percentage Change
 
2018
 
2017
 
 
2018
 
2017
 
 
 
(in thousands)
 
 
 
(in thousands)
 
 
Private Equity:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Revenues:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Management fees
$
122,812

 
$
77,275

 
$
45,537

 
58.9
 %
 
$
193,972

 
$
154,673

 
$
39,299

 
25.4
 %
Advisory and transaction fees, net
13,294

 
19,302

 
(6,008
)
 
(31.1
)
 
23,892

 
31,074

 
(7,182
)
 
(23.1
)
Performance fees(1):
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Unrealized
13,228

 
(98,372
)
 
111,600

 
NM

 
(432,240
)
 
65,247

 
(497,487
)
 
NM

Realized
52,641

 
136,497

 
(83,856
)
 
(61.4
)
 
331,916

 
291,958

 
39,958

 
13.7

Total performance fees
65,869

 
38,125

 
27,744

 
72.8

 
(100,324
)
 
357,205

 
(457,529
)
 
NM

Principal investment income (loss)
11,105

 
10,348

 
757

 
7.3

 
(6,426
)
 
42,076

 
(48,502
)
 
NM

Total Revenues
213,080

 
145,050

 
68,030

 
46.9

 
111,114

 
585,028

 
(473,914
)
 
(81.0
)
Expenses:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Compensation and benefits:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Salary, bonus and benefits
36,509

 
30,294

 
6,215

 
20.5

 
71,530

 
61,763

 
9,767

 
15.8

Equity-based compensation
6,875

 
7,704

 
(829
)
 
(10.8
)
 
13,647

 
14,799

 
(1,152
)
 
(7.8
)
Profit sharing expense:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Unrealized
6,380

 
(34,983
)
 
41,363

 
NM

 
(131,253
)
 
20,033

 
(151,286
)
 
NM

Realized
31,644

 
53,137

 
(21,493
)
 
(40.4
)
 
133,726

 
128,389

 
5,337

 
4.2

Realized: Equity-based
15,483

 
462

 
15,021

 
NM

 
28,084

 
462

 
27,622

 
NM

Total profit sharing expense
53,507

 
18,616

 
34,891

 
187.4

 
30,557

 
148,884

 
(118,327
)
 
(79.5
)
Total compensation and benefits
96,891

 
56,614

 
40,277

 
71.1

 
115,734

 
225,446

 
(109,712
)
 
(48.7
)
Non-compensation expenses:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
General, administrative and other
15,740

 
16,617

 
(877
)
 
(5.3
)
 
30,838

 
33,977

 
(3,139
)
 
(9.2
)
Placement fees
32

 
1,341

 
(1,309
)
 
(97.6
)
 
83

 
1,475

 
(1,392
)
 
(94.4
)
Total non-compensation expenses
15,772

 
17,958

 
(2,186
)
 
(12.2
)
 
30,921

 
35,452

 
(4,531
)
 
(12.8
)
Total Expenses
112,663

 
74,572

 
38,091

 
51.1

 
146,655

 
260,898

 
(114,243
)
 
(43.8
)
Other Income (Loss):
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net gains (losses) from investment activities
(20,137
)
 
(100
)
 
(20,037
)
 
NM

 
(32,014
)
 
3,296

 
(35,310
)
 
NM

Net interest loss
(3,857
)
 
(4,336
)
 
479

 
(11.0
)
 
(7,784
)
 
(8,578
)
 
794

 
(9.3
)
Other income (loss), net
(2,398
)
 
781

 
(3,179
)
 
NM

 
(2,147
)
 
18,571

 
(20,718
)
 
NM

Total Other Income (Loss)
(26,392
)
 
(3,655
)
 
(22,737
)
 
NM

 
(41,945
)
 
13,289

 
(55,234
)
 
NM

Economic Income (Loss)
$
74,025

 
$
66,823

 
$
7,202

 
10.8
 %
 
$
(77,486
)
 
$
337,419

 
$
(414,905
)
 
NM

(1)
Performance fees includes performance allocations and incentive fees.
Revenues
Three Months Ended June 30, 2018 Compared to Three Months Ended June 30, 2017
Management fees increased by $45.5 million for the three months ended June 30, 2018, as compared to the three months ended June 30, 2017. This change was primarily attributable to the commencement of Fund IX’s investment period in April 2018, resulting in $80.4 million in management fees during the three months ended June 30, 2018. The increase in management fees was partially offset by decreased management fees earned from Fund VIII and Fund VI of $27.4 million and $6.4 million, respectively, during the three months ended June 30, 2018 as compared to the three months ended June 30, 2017. The decrease in management fees earned from Fund VIII was the result of a change in the basis upon which management fees are earned from capital commitments to invested capital. The decrease in management fees earned from Fund VI resulted from the termination of the fund’s management fees.
Advisory and transaction fees, net decreased by $6.0 million for the three months ended June 30, 2018, as compared to the three months ended June 30, 2017. This change was primarily attributable to a decrease in net advisory and transaction fees earned with respect to Fund VIII’s portfolio companies of $7.5 million during the three months ended June 30, 2018 as compared to the three months ended June 30, 2017.

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Performance fees increased by $27.7 million for the three months ended June 30, 2018, as compared to the three months ended June 30, 2017. This change was primarily attributable to increases in performance fees earned from Fund VII, ANRP I, and ANRP II of $62.5 million, $50.6 million and $9.5 million, respectively, partially offset by decreases in performance fees earned from Fund VI and Fund VIII of $63.1 million and $33.9 million for the three months ended June 30, 2018, as compared to the three months ended June 30, 2017. The increase in performance fees from Fund VII was primarily driven by appreciation in the value of the fund’s public portfolio companies in the energy sector and the increases from ANRP I and ANRP II were driven by lower depreciation in the value of the funds’ public portfolio companies. The decrease in the performance fees earned from Fund VI was primarily driven by depreciation in the value of the fund’s public portfolio companies in the leisure sector. The decrease in performance fees earned from Fund VIII was primarily driven by lower appreciation in the value of the fund’s private portfolio companies.
Principal investment income increased by $0.8 million for the three months ended June 30, 2018, as compared to the three months ended June 30, 2017. This change was primarily attributable to increases in income from Apollo’s equity ownership interest in Fund VII and ANRP II of $3.8 million and $2.3 million, respectively, offset by decreases in income from Apollo’s equity ownership interest in Fund VIII and AION of $4.3 million and $0.9 million, respectively, during the three months ended June 30, 2018, as compared to the same period in 2017.
Six Months Ended June 30, 2018 Compared to Six Months Ended June 30, 2017
Management fees increased by $39.3 million for the six months ended June 30, 2018, as compared to the six months ended June 30, 2017. This change was primarily attributable to the commencement of Fund IX’s investment period in April 2018, resulting in $80.4 million in management fees during the six months ended June 30, 2018. The increase in management fees was partially offset by decreased management fees earned from Fund VIII and Fund VI of $27.4 million and $12.0 million, respectively, during the six months ended June 30, 2018 as compared to the six months ended June 30, 2017. The decrease in management fees earned from Fund VIII was the result of a change in the basis upon which management fees are earned from capital commitments to invested capital. The decrease in management fees earned from Fund VI resulted from the termination of the fund’s management fee agreement.
Advisory and transaction fees, net decreased by $7.2 million for the six months ended June 30, 2018, as compared to the six months ended June 30, 2017. This change was primarily attributable to a decrease in net advisory and transaction fees earned with respect to Fund VIII’s portfolio companies of $9.9 million, partially offset by an increase in net advisory and transaction fees earned with respect to ANRP II’s portfolio companies of $1.5 million during the six months ended June 30, 2018, as compared to the same period during 2017.
Performance fees were $(100.3) million for the six months ended June 30, 2018, as compared to performance fees of $357.2 million for the six months ended June 30, 2017. This change was primarily attributable to decreases in performance fees earned from Fund VIII, Fund VI and AAA/Other of $358.3 million, $102.4 million and $31.6 million, respectively during the six months ended June 30, 2018 as compared to the six months ended June 30, 2017. The decrease in performance fees earned from Fund VIII was primarily driven by depreciation in the value of the fund’s public portfolio companies and the decrease in Fund VI was primarily driven by depreciation in value in the funds’ public portfolio companies in the leisure sector. The decrease in performance fees earned from AAA/Other was a result of depreciation in the share price of Athene Holding. The decreases in performance fees were partially offset by an increase in performance fees earned from Fund VII of $45.9 million during the six months ended June 30, 2018 as compared to the six months ended June 30, 2017. The increase in performance fees earned from Fund VII was primarily driven by appreciation in the value of the fund’s public portfolio companies in the energy sector.
Principal investment loss was $6.4 million for the six months ended June 30, 2018, as compared principal investment income of $42.1 million for the six months ended June 30, 2017. This change was primarily attributable to decreases in income from Apollo’s equity ownership interest in Fund VIII of $42.9 million during the six months ended June 30, 2018, as compared to the same period in 2017.
Expenses
Three Months Ended June 30, 2018 Compared to Three Months Ended June 30, 2017
Compensation and benefits expense increased by $40.3 million for the three months ended June 30, 2018, as compared to the three months ended June 30, 2017. This change was primarily attributable to an increase in profit sharing expense of $34.9 million as a result of a corresponding increase in performance fees as described above. In any period the blended profit sharing percentage is impacted by the respective profit sharing ratios of the funds that are generating performance fees in the period.
Included in profit sharing expense is $10.9 million and $15.8 million related to the Incentive Pool for the three months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively. The Incentive Pool is separate from the fund related profit sharing expense and may

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result in greater variability in compensation and have a variable impact on the blended profit sharing percentage during a particular period.
Placement fees decreased by $1.3 million during the three months ended June 30, 2018, as compared to the three months ended June 30, 2017. This change was primarily driven by placement fees incurred in connection with capital raising activity relating to Fund IX of $1.3 million during the three months ended June 30, 2017.
Six Months Ended June 30, 2018 Compared to Six Months Ended June 30, 2017
Compensation and benefits expense decreased by $109.7 million for the six months ended June 30, 2018 as compared to the six months ended June 30, 2017. This change was primarily attributable to a decrease in profit sharing expense of $118.3 million during the six months ended June 30, 2018, as compared to the same period in 2017, as a result of a corresponding decrease in performance fees as described above. In any period the blended profit sharing percentage is impacted by the respective profit sharing ratios of the funds generating performance fees in the period.
Included in profit sharing expense is $25.0 million and $31.2 million related to the Incentive Pool for the six months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively. The Incentive Pool is separate from the fund related profit sharing expense and may result in greater variability in compensation and have a variable impact on the blended profit sharing percentage during a particular period.
General, administrative and other decreased by $3.1 million during the six months ended June 30, 2018, as compared to the six months ended June 30, 2017. The change was primarily driven by a decrease in new fund organizational expenses related to the launch of Fund IX, offset by increased professional fees during the three months ended June 30, 2018, as compared to the same period in 2017.
Placement fees decreased by $1.4 million during the six months ended June 30, 2018, as compared to the six months ended June 30, 2017. This change was primarily driven by placement fees incurred in connection with capital raising activity relating to Fund IX of $1.3 million during the six months ended June 30, 2017.
Other Income (Loss)
Three Months Ended June 30, 2018 Compared to Three Months Ended June 30, 2017
Net losses from investment activities increased by $20.0 million for the three months ended June 30, 2018, as compared to the three months ended June 30, 2017. This change was primarily attributable to a decrease in the fair value of the Company’s investment in Athene Holding during the three months ended June 30, 2018 as compared to the same period in 2017. See note 6 to the condensed consolidated financial statements for further information regarding the Company’s investment in Athene Holding.
Other loss, net was $2.4 million for the three months ended June 30, 2018, as compared to other income, net of $0.8 million for the three months ended June 30, 2017, primarily attributable to foreign exchange losses during the three months ended June 30, 2018 as compared to foreign exchange gains during the same period in 2017.
Six Months Ended June 30, 2018 Compared to Six Months Ended June 30, 2017
Net losses from investment activities were $32.0 million for the six months ended June 30, 2018, as compared to net gains from investment activities of $3.3 million for the six months ended June 30, 2017. This change was primarily attributable to a loss on the Company’s investment in Athene Holding during the six months ended June 30, 2018, as compared to a gain on the Company’s investment in Athene Holding during the six months ended June 30, 2017. See note 6 to the condensed consolidated financial statements for further information regarding the Company’s investment in Athene Holding.
Other loss, net was $2.1 million for the six months ended June 30, 2018, as compared to other income, net of $18.6 million for the six months ended June 30, 2017. This change was primarily attributable to insurance proceeds of $17.5 million received during the six months ended June 30, 2017 in connection with fees and expenses relating to a legal proceeding.

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Real Assets
The following table sets forth our segment statement of operations information and EI within our real assets segment.
 
For the Three Months Ended June 30,
 
Total Change
 
Percentage Change
 
For the Six Months Ended June 30,
 
Total Change
 
Percentage Change
 
2018
 
2017
 
 
 
2018
 
2017
 
 
 
(in thousands)
 
 
 
(in thousands)
 
 
Real Assets:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Revenues:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Management fees
$
18,465

 
$
19,777

 
$
(1,312
)
 
(6.6
)%
 
$
36,438

 
$
36,090

 
$
348

 
1.0
 %
Advisory and transaction fees, net
2

 
618

 
(616
)
 
(99.7
)
 
50

 
1,357

 
(1,307
)
 
(96.3
)
Performance fees(1):
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Unrealized
(258
)
 
926

 
(1,184
)
 
NM

 
(2,923
)
 
3,530

 
(6,453
)
 
NM

Realized
2,802

 
5,175

 
(2,373
)
 
(45.9
)
 
5,928

 
5,239

 
689

 
13.2

Total performance fees
2,544

 
6,101

 
(3,557
)
 
(58.3
)
 
3,005

 
8,769

 
(5,764
)
 
(65.7
)
Principal investment income
799

 
1,015

 
(216
)
 
(21.3
)
 
317

 
2,018

 
(1,701
)
 
(84.3
)
Total Revenues
21,810

 
27,511

 
(5,701
)
 
(20.7
)
 
39,810

 
48,234

 
(8,424
)
 
(17.5
)
Expenses:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Compensation and benefits:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Salary, bonus and benefits
10,098

 
9,022

 
1,076

 
11.9

 
20,534

 
17,392

 
3,142

 
18.1

Equity-based compensation
847

 
634

 
213

 
33.6

 
1,706

 
1,182

 
524

 
44.3

Profit sharing expense:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Unrealized
(307
)
 
(70
)
 
(237
)
 
338.6

 
(1,398
)
 
1,964

 
(3,362
)
 
NM

Realized
1,060

 
2,866

 
(1,806
)
 
(63.0
)
 
2,646

 
2,892

 
(246
)
 
(8.5
)
Equity-based
290

 
—

 
290

 
NM

 
539

 
—

 
539

 
NM

Total profit sharing expense
1,043

 
2,796

 
(1,753
)
 
(62.7
)
 
1,787

 
4,856

 
(3,069
)
 
(63.2
)
Total compensation and benefits
11,988

 
12,452

 
(464
)
 
(3.7
)
 
24,027

 
23,430

 
597

 
2.5

Non-compensation expenses:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
General, administrative and other
6,310

 
5,297

 
1,013

 
19.1

 
12,452

 
9,779

 
2,673

 
27.3

Total non-compensation expenses
6,310

 
5,297

 
1,013

 
19.1

 
12,452

 
9,779

 
2,673

 
27.3

Total Expenses
18,298

 
17,749

 
549

 
3.1

 
36,479

 
33,209

 
3,270

 
9.8

Other Loss:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net gains from investment activities
4

 
—

 
4

 
NM

 
11

 
—

 
11

 
NM

Net interest loss
(1,097
)
 
(1,247
)
 
150

 
(12.0
)
 
(2,140
)
 
(2,471
)
 
331

 
(13.4)
Other income (loss), net
(699
)
 
240

 
(939
)
 
NM

 
(636
)
 
303

 
(939
)
 
NM

Total Other Loss
(1,792
)
 
(1,007
)
 
(785
)
 
78.0

 
(2,765
)
 
(2,168
)
 
(597
)
 
27.5

Economic Income
$
1,720

 
$
8,755

 
$
(7,035
)
 
(80.4
)%
 
$
566

 
$
12,857

 
$
(12,291
)
 
(95.6
)%
(1)
Performance fees includes performance allocations and incentive fees.
Revenues
Three Months Ended June 30, 2018 Compared to Three Months Ended June 30, 2017
Management fees decreased by $1.3 million for the three months ended June 30, 2018, as compared to the three months ended June 30, 2017. This change was primarily attributable to decreases in management fees earned from Trophy Property Development Fund, L.P. and Apollo Asia Real Estate Fund L.P. (“Asia RE Fund”) of $0.8 million and $0.8 million, respectively, during the three months ended June 30, 2018, as compared to the same period during 2017. The decrease was partially offset by an increase in management fees earned from ARI of $0.7 million during the three months ended June 30, 2018, as compared to the same period during 2017.
Advisory and transaction fees, net, decreased by $0.6 million for the three months ended June 30, 2018, as compared to the three months ended June 30, 2017. This change was primarily attributable to a decrease in net advisory and transaction fees earned with respect to AGRE Debt Fund I, L.P. (“AGRE Debt Fund I”) of $0.6 million during the three months ended June 30, 2018, as compared to the same period during 2017.
Performance fees decreased by $3.6 million for the three months ended June 30, 2018, as compared to the three months ended June 30, 2017. This change was primarily attributable to a decrease in performance fees earned from strategic investment accounts and U.S. RE Fund I of $2.6 million and $0.8 million, respectively. The decrease in performance fees earned from strategic investment accounts is primarily due to the reversal of cumulative unrealized performance fees for one of our strategic investment

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accounts that invests in Asia. This was partially offset by appreciation in the Asia RE Fund, resulting in unrealized performance fees of $0.9 million. Performance fees earned from U.S. RE Fund I were generated at a slower rate during the three months ended June 30, 2018 compared to the same period during 2017 as the fund continued to harvest investments during the three months ended June 30, 2018.
Six Months Ended June 30, 2018 Compared to Six Months Ended June 30, 2017
Advisory and transaction fees, net, decreased by $1.3 million for the six months ended June 30, 2018, as compared to the six months ended June 30, 2017. This change was primarily attributable to a decrease in net advisory and transaction fees earned with respect to AGRE Debt Fund I of $1.3 million during the six months ended June 30, 2018, as compared to the six months ended June 30, 2017.
Performance fees decreased by $5.8 million for the six months ended June 30, 2018, as compared to the six months ended June 30, 2017. Performance fees earned from certain funds, including U.S. RE Fund I, includes an allocation of performance fees from a strategic investment account that invests in the funds. This change was primarily attributable to decreases in performance fees earned from strategic investment accounts and U.S. RE Fund I of $3.2 million and $1.9 million, respectively, during the six months ended June 30, 2018, as compared to the six months ended June 30, 2017. The decrease in performance fees earned from strategic investment accounts is primarily due to the reversal of cumulative unrealized performance fees for one of our strategic investment accounts that invests in Asia. Performance fees earned from U.S. RE Fund I was generated at a slower rate during the six months ended June 30, 2018 compared to the same period during 2017, as the fund continued to harvest investments during the six months ended June 30, 2018.
Principal investment income decreased by $1.7 million for the six months ended June 30, 2018, as compared to the six months ended June 30, 2017. This change was driven by decreases in the income from Apollo’s equity ownership interest in U.S. RE Fund I and ARI of $1.0 million and $0.4 million, respectively, during the six months ended June 30, 2018, as compared to the six months ended June 30, 2017.
Expenses
Three Months Ended June 30, 2018 Compared to Three Months Ended June 30, 2017
Compensation and benefits decreased by $0.5 million for the three months ended June 30, 2018, as compared to the three months ended June 30, 2017. This change was primarily attributable to a decrease in profit sharing expense of $1.8 million during the three months ended June 30, 2018 as compared to the three months ended June 30, 2017 as a result of a corresponding decrease in performance fees as described above. In any period the blended profit sharing percentage is impacted by the respective profit sharing ratios of the funds generating performance fees in the period. This decrease was partially offset by an increase in salary, bonus and benefits of $1.1 million during the three months ended June 30, 2018 as compared to the same period in 2017 primarily due to increased headcount.
Included in profit sharing expense is $0.3 million and $0.4 million related to the Incentive Pool for the three months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively. The Incentive Pool is separate from the fund related profit sharing expense and may result in greater variability in compensation and have a variable impact on the blended profit sharing percentage during a particular quarter.
General, administrative and other increased by $1.0 million during the three months ended June 30, 2018, as compared to the three months ended June 30, 2017. This change was primarily attributable to an increase in professional fees and other miscellaneous expenses during the three months ended June 30, 2018 as compared to the same period in 2017.
Six Months Ended June 30, 2018 Compared to Six Months Ended June 30, 2017
Compensation and benefits increased by $0.6 million for the six months ended June 30, 2018, as compared to the six months ended June 30, 2017. Salary, bonus and benefits increased by $3.1 million during the six months ended June 30, 2018, as compared to the same period during 2017 primarily due to increased headcount. In addition, equity-based compensation increased $0.5 million during the six months ended June 30, 2018, as compared to the same period during 2017. These increases were partially offset by a decrease in profit sharing expense of $3.1 million during the six months ended June 30, 2018, as compared to the same period in 2017, as a result of a corresponding decrease in performance fees as described above. In any period the blended profit sharing percentage is impacted by the respective profit sharing ratios of the funds generating performance fees in the period.
Included in profit sharing expense is $0.8 million and $0.4 million related to the Incentive Pool for the six months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively. The Incentive Pool is separate from the fund related profit sharing expense and may

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result in greater variability in compensation and have a variable impact on the blended profit sharing percentage during a particular period.
General, administrative and other increased by $2.7 million during the six months ended June 30, 2018, as compared to the six months ended June 30, 2017. This change was primarily attributable to increases in professional fees and other miscellaneous expenses during the six months ended June 30, 2018 as compared to the same period in 2017.
Summary of Fee Related Earnings
The following table is a summary of Fee Related Earnings.
 
For the Three Months Ended
June 30,
 
For the Six Months Ended
June 30,
 
2018
 
2017
 
2018
 
2017
 
(in thousands)
Management Fees
$
325,864

 
$
266,908

 
$
598,067

 
$
518,961

Advisory and Transaction Fees, net
15,580

 
23,629

 
28,574

 
38,696

Performance fees(1)
5,766

 
5,737

 
11,041

 
6,463

Salary, Bonus and Benefits
(104,501
)
 
(98,560
)
 
(211,032
)
 
(193,281
)
Non-compensation Expenses
(55,987
)
 
(58,933
)
 
(110,689
)
 
(114,769
)
Other Income attributable to Fee Related Earnings(2)
313

 
2,242

 
5,188

 
20,362

Non-Controlling Interest
(1,364
)
 
(559
)
 
(2,579
)
 
(1,493
)
Fee Related Earnings
$
185,671

 
$
140,464

 
$
318,570

 
$
274,939

(1)
Represents performance fees earned from a publicly traded business development company we manage.
(2)
Includes $17.5 million in insurance proceeds recognized in connection with fees and expenses relating to a legal proceeding during the six months ended June 30, 2017.
Summary of Distributable Earnings
The following table is a reconciliation of Distributable Earnings per share of common and equivalents to net distribution per share of common and equivalent.
 
For the Three Months Ended June 30,
 
For the Six Months Ended June 30,
 
2018
 
2017
 
2018
 
2017
 
(in thousands, except per share data)
Distributable Earnings
$
241,022

 
$
257,706

 
$
447,775

 
$
497,311

Taxes and related payables(1)
(13,838
)
 
(6,724
)
 
(25,036
)
 
(13,072
)
Preferred distributions
(8,952
)
 
(4,772
)
 
(13,335
)
 
(4,772
)
Distributable Earnings After Taxes and Related Payables
218,232

 
246,210

 
409,404

 
479,467

Add back: Tax and related payables attributable to common and equivalents
11,808

 
4,825

 
20,975

 
9,385

Distributable Earnings before certain payables(2)
230,040

 
251,035

 
430,379

 
488,852

     Percent to common and equivalents
51
%
 
49
%
 
51
%
 
49
%
Distributable Earnings before other payables attributable to common and equivalents
117,351

 
122,265

 
219,551

 
238,093

Less: Taxes and related payables attributable to common and equivalents
(11,808
)
 
(4,825
)
 
(20,975
)
 
(9,385
)
Distributable Earnings attributable to common and equivalents
$
105,543

 
$
117,440

 
$
198,576

 
$
228,708

Distributable Earnings per share of common and equivalent(3)
$
0.53

 
$
0.60

 
$
0.99

 
$
1.17

Retained capital per share of common and equivalent(3)(4)
(0.10
)
 
(0.08
)
 
(0.18
)
 
(0.16
)
Net distribution per share of common and equivalent(3)
$
0.43

 
$
0.52

 
$
0.81

 
$
1.01

(1)
Represents the estimated current corporate, local and non-U.S. taxes as well as the payable under Apollo’s tax receivable agreement. DE After Taxes and Related Payables is calculated after current taxes and the impact of the tax receivable agreement (“TRA”). The TRA component of taxes used in calculating DE After Taxes was previously estimated based on the tax asset used to reduce the prior year’s tax liability. In 2018, the DE effective tax rate, using this estimation methodology, results in an increase in the tax rate despite the significantly reduced federal tax rate under tax reform. We believe it is more meaningful to estimate the current year impact of the TRA component of

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taxes when calculating DE After Taxes. The impact of this change is not significant to DE After Taxes and Related Payables as previously reported; DE After Taxes and Related Payables would have been $238.5 million and $463.7 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2017, respectively.
(2)
Distributable earnings before certain payables represents Distributable Earnings before the deduction for the estimated current corporate taxes and the payable under Apollo’s TRA.
(3)
Per share calculations are based on end of period Distributable Earnings Shares Outstanding, which consists of total Class A shares outstanding, AOG Units and RSUs that participate in distributions (collectively referred to as “common & equivalents”).
(4)
Retained capital is withheld pro-rata from common and equivalent holders and AOG Unit holders.

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Summary of Non-U.S. GAAP Measures
The table below sets forth a reconciliation of net income (loss) attributable Apollo Global Management, LLC Class A Shareholders to our non-U.S. GAAP performance measures:
 
For the Three Months Ended June 30,
 
For the Six Months Ended June 30,
 
2018
 
2017
 
2018
 
2017
 
(in thousands)
Net Income (Loss) Attributable to Apollo Global Management, LLC Class A Shareholders
$
54,658

 
$
86,908

 
$
(7,987
)
 
$
232,104

Preferred distributions
8,952

 
4,772

 
13,335

 
4,772

Net income attributable to Non-Controlling Interests in consolidated entities
8,716

 
4,535

 
14,695

 
7,919

Net income attributable to Non-Controlling Interests in the Apollo Operating Group
71,484

 
96,727

 
14,419

 
303,177

Net Income
$
143,810

 
$
192,942

 
$
34,462

 
$
547,972

Income tax provision (benefit)
18,924

 
(777
)
 
27,504

 
38,384

Income Before Income Tax Provision (Benefit)
$
162,734

 
$
192,165

 
$
61,966

 
$
586,356

Transaction-related charges and equity-based compensation
(6,905
)
 
3,087

 
(5,053
)
 
2,275

Net income attributable to Non-Controlling Interests in consolidated entities
(8,716
)
 
(4,535
)
 
(14,695
)
 
(7,919
)
Economic Income(1)
$
147,113

 
$
190,717

 
$
42,218

 
$
580,712

Income tax provision on Economic Income
(29,690
)
 
(2,397
)
 
(41,426
)
 
(60,769
)
Preferred distributions
(8,952
)
 
(4,772
)
 
(13,335
)
 
(4,772
)
Economic Net Income (Loss)
$
108,471

 
$
183,548

 
$
(12,543
)
 
$
515,171

Preferred distributions
8,952

 
4,772

 
13,335

 
4,772

Income tax provision on Economic Income
29,690

 
2,397

 
41,426

 
60,769

Performance fees(2)
(135,093
)
 
(122,529
)
 
(6,854
)
 
(480,809
)
Profit sharing expense
96,780

 
58,001

 
98,680

 
206,276

Equity-based compensation(3)
16,033

 
17,566

 
33,391

 
34,311

Principal investment income
(22,792
)
 
(17,219
)
 
(10,188
)
 
(56,433
)
Net (gains) losses from investment activities
67,565

 
399

 
134,702

 
(34,091
)
Net interest loss
10,336

 
12,067

 
20,277

 
24,055

Other
5,729

 
1,462

 
6,344

 
918

Fee Related Earnings
$
185,671

 
$
140,464

 
$
318,570

 
$
274,939

Depreciation, amortization and other, net
2,493

 
2,522

 
5,082

 
5,035

Fee Related EBITDA
$
188,164

 
$
142,986

 
$
323,652

 
$
279,974

Realized performance fees(4)
114,474

 
193,054

 
236,776

 
378,789

Realized profit sharing expense(4)
(69,810
)
 
(79,083
)
 
(133,457
)
 
(167,806
)
Fee Related EBITDA + 100% of Net Realized Performance Fees
$
232,828

 
$
256,957

 
$
426,971

 
$
490,957

Non-cash revenues
(843
)
 
(842
)
 
(1,685
)
 
(1,685
)
Realized principal investment income
19,373

 
13,658

 
42,766

 
32,094

Net interest loss
(10,336
)
 
(12,067
)
 
(20,277
)
 
(24,055
)
Distributable Earnings
$
241,022

 
$
257,706

 
$
447,775

 
$
497,311

Taxes and related payables
(13,838
)
 
(6,724
)
 
(25,036
)
 
(13,072
)
Preferred distributions
(8,952
)
 
(4,772
)
 
(13,335
)
 
(4,772
)
Distributable Earnings After Taxes and Related Payables
$
218,232

 
$
246,210

 
$
409,404

 
$
479,467

(1)
See note 15 for more details regarding Economic Income for the combined segments.
(2)
Excludes performance fees from a publicly traded business development company we manage.
(3)
Includes equity-based compensation related to RSUs (excluding RSUs granted in connection with the 2007 private placement), share options and restricted share awards.
(4)
Excludes realized performance fees and realized profit sharing expense in the form of Athene shares.

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Liquidity and Capital Resources
Overview
Apollo’s business model primarily derives revenues and cash flows from the assets it manages. Apollo targets operating expense levels such that fee income exceeds total operating expenses each period. The company intends to distribute to its shareholders on a quarterly basis substantially all of its distributable earnings after taxes and related payables in excess of amounts determined to be necessary or appropriate to provide for the conduct of the business. As a result, the Company requires limited capital resources to support the working capital or operating needs of the business. While primarily met by cash flows generated through fee income received, liquidity needs are also met (to a limited extent) through proceeds from borrowings and equity issuances as described in note 9 and note 12 to the condensed consolidated financial statements, respectively. The Company had cash and cash equivalents of $1.1 billion at June 30, 2018.
Primary Sources & Uses of Cash
The Company has multiple sources of short-term liquidity to meet its capital needs, including cash on hand, annual cash flows from its activities, and available funds from the Company’s $500 million revolving credit facility as of June 30, 2018. The revolving credit facility was refinanced in July 2018 to a $750 million revolving credit facility with a final maturity of 2023. The Company believes these sources will be sufficient to fund our capital needs for at least the next twelve months. If the Company determines that market conditions are favorable after taking into account our liquidity requirements, we may seek to issue additional senior notes, preferred equity, or other financing instruments.
The section below discusses in more detail the Company’s primary sources and uses of cash and the primary drivers of cash flows within the Company’s condensed consolidated statements of cash flows:
 
For the Six Months Ended June 30,
 
2018
 
2017
 
(in thousands)
Operating Activities
$
395,075

 
$
419,969

Investing Activities
223,551

 
(18,400
)
Financing Activities
(310,719
)
 
(131,005
)
Net Increase in Cash and Cash Equivalents, Restricted Cash and Cash Held at Consolidated Variable Interest Entities
$
307,907

 
$
270,564

Operating Activities
The Company’s operating activities support its asset management activities. The primary sources of cash within the operating activities section include: (a) management fees, (b) advisory and transaction fees, (c) realized performance revenues, and (d) realized principal investment income. The primary uses of cash within the operating activities section include: (a) compensation and non-compensation related expenses, (b) placement fees, and (c) interest and taxes.
•
During the six months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017, cash provided by operating activities primarily include cash inflows from the receipt of management fees, advisory and transaction fees, realized performance revenues, and realized principal investment income, offset by cash outflows for compensation, general, administrative, and other expenses. Net cash provided by operating activities also reflects the operating activity of our consolidated funds and VIEs, which primarily include cash inflows from the sale of investments offset by cash outflows for purchases of investments.
Investing Activities
The Company’s investing activities support growth of its business. The primary sources of cash within the investing activities section include distributions from investments. The primary uses of cash within the investing activities section include: (a) capital expenditures, (b) investment purchases, including purchases of U.S. Treasury securities, and (c) equity method investments in the funds we manage.
•
During the six months ended June 30, 2018, cash provided by investing activities primarily reflected proceeds from maturities of U.S. Treasury securities, offset by purchases of U.S. Treasury securities and other investments and net contributions to equity method investments.
•
During the six months ended June 30, 2017, cash used by investing activities primarily reflected net contributions to equity method investments, offset by repayment of related party loans.

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Financing Activities
The Company’s financing activities reflect its capital market transactions and transactions with owners. The primary sources of cash within the financing activities section includes proceeds from debt and preferred equity issuances. The primary uses of cash within the financing activities section include: (a) distributions, (b) tax receivable agreement payments, (c) share repurchases, (d) net share settlements, and (e) repayments of debt.
•
During the six months ended June 30, 2018, cash used by financing activities primarily reflected repayments on the term loan facility to AMH and distributions to Class A shareholders and Non-Controlling interest holders, partially offset by proceeds from the issuance of the Series B Preferred shares and the 2048 Senior Notes.
•
During the six months ended June 30, 2017, cash provided by financing activities primarily reflected proceeds from issuance of Series A Preferred shares, offset by distributions to Class A shareholders and Non-Controlling interest holders.
Future Debt Obligations
The Company had long-term debt of $1.4 billion at June 30, 2018, which includes $1.3 billion of Senior Notes with maturities in 2024, 2026 and 2048. See note 9 to the condensed consolidated financial statements for further information regarding the Company’s debt arrangements.
Contractual Obligations, Commitments and Contingencies
The Company had unfunded general partner commitments of $1.4 billion at June 30, 2018, of which $696 million related to Fund IX. For a summary and a description of the nature of the Company’s commitments, contingencies and contractual obligations, see note 14 to the condensed consolidated financial statements and “—Contractual Obligations, Commitments and Contingencies”. The Company’s commitments are primarily fulfilled through cash flows from operations and (to a limited extent) through borrowings and equity issuances as described in note 9 and note 12 to the condensed consolidated financial statements, respectively.
Consolidated Funds and VIEs
The Company manages its liquidity needs by evaluating unconsolidated cash flows; however, the Company’s financial statements reflect the financial position of Apollo as well as Apollo’s consolidated funds and VIEs. The primary sources and uses of cash at Apollo’s consolidated funds and VIEs include: (a) raising capital from their investors, which have been reflected historically as Non-Controlling Interests of the consolidated subsidiaries in our financial statements, (b) using capital to make investments, (c) generating cash flows from operations through distributions, interest and the realization of investments, (d) distributing cash flow to investors, and (e) issuing debt to finance investments (CLOs).
Other Liquidity and Capital Resource Considerations
Future Cash Flows
Our ability to execute our business strategy, particularly our ability to increase our AUM, depends on our ability to establish new funds and to raise additional investor capital within such funds. Our liquidity will depend on a number of factors, such as our ability to project our financial performance, which is highly dependent on our funds and our ability to manage our projected costs, fund performance, access to credit facilities, compliance with existing credit agreements, as well as industry and market trends. Also during economic downturns the funds we manage might experience cash flow issues or liquidate entirely. In these situations we might be asked to reduce or eliminate the management fee and incentive fees we charge, which could adversely impact our cash flow in the future.
An increase in the fair value of our funds’ investments, by contrast, could favorably impact our liquidity through higher management fees where the management fees are calculated based on the net asset value, gross assets or adjusted assets. Additionally, higher performance fees not yet realized would generally result when investments appreciate over their cost basis which would not have an impact on the Company’s cash flow until realized.
Consideration of Financing Arrangements
As noted above, in limited circumstances, the Company may issue debt or preferred shares to supplement its liquidity. The decision to enter into a particular financing arrangement is made after careful consideration of various factors including the Company’s cash flows from operations, future cash needs, current sources of liquidity, demand for the Company’s debt or equity, and prevailing interest rates.

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Revolver Facility
As further described in note 9 to the condensed consolidated financial statements, under the Company’s 2013 AMH Credit Facilities, the Company may borrow in an aggregate amount not to exceed $500 million plus additional amounts so long as a net leverage ratio not to exceed 3.75 to 1.00 is complied with. Borrowings under the Revolver Facility may be used for working capital and general corporate purposes, including without limitation, permitted acquisitions. As of June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, the Revolver Facility was undrawn. The Revolver Facility was refinanced in July 2018 to a $750 million revolving credit facility with a final maturity of 2023.
Distributions
For information regarding the quarterly distributions which were made at the sole discretion of the Company’s manager during 2018 and 2017 to Class A shareholders, Non-Controlling Interest holders in the Apollo Operating Group and participating securities, see note 12 to the condensed consolidated financial statements.
Although the Company expects to pay distributions according to our distribution policy, we may not pay distributions according to our policy, or at all, if, among other things, we do not have the cash necessary to pay the intended distributions. To the extent we do not have cash on hand sufficient to pay distributions, we may have to borrow funds to pay distributions, or we may determine not to pay distributions. The declaration, payment and determination of the amount of our quarterly distributions are at the sole discretion of our manager.
On August 2, 2018, the Company declared a cash distribution of $0.43 per Class A share, which will be paid on August 31, 2018 to holders of record on August 17, 2018. Also, the Company declared a cash distribution of $0.398438 per Series A Preferred share and Series B Preferred share which will be paid on September 17, 2018 to holders of record on September 1, 2018.
Tax Receivable Agreement
The tax receivable agreement provides for the payment to the Managing Partners and Contributing Partners of 85% of the amount of cash savings, if any, in U.S. federal, state, local and foreign income taxes that APO Corp. realizes subject to the agreement. For more information regarding the tax receivable agreement, see note 13 to the condensed consolidated financial statements.
APO Share Repurchases
In February 2016, Apollo announced its adoption of a program to repurchase up to $250 million in the aggregate of its Class A shares, including up to $150 million in the aggregate of its outstanding Class A shares through a share repurchase program and up to $100 million through a reduction of Class A shares to be issued to employees to satisfy associated tax obligations in connection with the settlement of equity-based awards granted under the 2007 Equity Plan, which we refer to as net share settlement.  Under the share repurchase program, shares may be repurchased from time to time in open market transactions, in privately negotiated transactions or otherwise, with the size and timing of these repurchases depending on legal requirements, price, market and economic conditions and other factors.
AINV Share Repurchases
On March 11, 2016, it was announced that Apollo intended to embark on a program to purchase $50 million of AINV’s common stock, subject to certain regulatory approvals. Under the program, shares may be purchased from time to time in open market transactions and in accordance with applicable law. As of June 30, 2018, Apollo had purchased approximately 871 thousand shares, or approximately $4.9 million of AINV’s common stock.
Athora
On April 14, 2017, Apollo made an unfunded commitment of €125 million to purchase new Class B-1 equity interests in Athora, a strategic platform established to acquire traditional closed life insurance policies and provide capital and reinsurance solutions to insurers in Europe. In January 2018, Apollo purchased Class C-1 equity interests in Athora that represent a profits interest in Athora which, upon meeting certain vesting triggers, will be convertible by Apollo into additional Class B-1 equity interests in Athora. Apollo and Athene are minority investors in Athora and long term strategic partners with aggregate voting power of 35% and 10%, respectively. For more information regarding unfunded general partner commitments, see “—Contractual Obligations, Commitments and Contingencies”.

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Fund VII, Fund VI and ANRP II Escrow
As of June 30, 2018, the remaining investments and escrow cash of Fund VII, Fund VI and ANRP II were valued at 100%, 88% and 103% of the fund’s unreturned capital, respectively, which was below the required escrow ratio of 115%. As a result, these funds are required to place in escrow current and future performance fees distributions to the general partner until the specified return ratio of 115% is met (at the time of a future distribution) or upon liquidation.
Clawback
Performance fees from our private equity funds and certain credit and real assets funds is subject to contingent repayment by the general partner in the event of future losses to the extent that the cumulative performance fees distributed from inception to date exceeds the amount computed as due to the general partner at the final distribution. See “—Overview of Results of Operations—Performance Fees” for the maximum performance fees subject to potential reversal by each fund.
Indemnification Liability
The Company recorded an indemnification liability in the event that our Managing Partners, Contributing Partners and certain investment professionals are required to pay amounts in connection with a general partner obligation to return previously distributed performance fees. See note 13 to the condensed consolidated financial statements for further information regarding the Company’s indemnification liability.
Equity-Based Profit Sharing Expense
Profit sharing amounts are generally not paid until the related performance fees are distributed to the general partner upon realization of the fund’s investments. Under certain profit sharing arrangements, a portion of the performance fees distributed to the general partner is allocated by issuance of equity-based awards, rather than cash to employees. See note 2 to the condensed consolidated financial statements for further information regarding the accounting for the Company’s profit sharing arrangements.
Strategic Relationship Agreement with CalPERS
On April 20, 2010, the Company announced that it entered into a strategic relationship agreement with CalPERS. The strategic relationship agreement provides that Apollo will reduce fees charged to CalPERS on funds it manages, or in the future will manage, solely for CalPERS by $125 million over a five-year period or as close a period as required to provide CalPERS with that benefit. The agreement further provides that Apollo will not use a placement agent in connection with securing any future capital commitments from CalPERS. As of June 30, 2018, the Company had reduced fees charged to CalPERS on the funds it manages by approximately $107.0 million.
Critical Accounting Policies
This Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations is based upon the condensed consolidated financial statements, which have been prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP. The preparation of financial statements in accordance with U.S. GAAP requires the use of estimates and assumptions that could affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses. Actual results could differ from these estimates. A summary of our significant accounting policies is presented in note 2 to our condensed consolidated financial statements. The following is a summary of our accounting policies that are affected most by judgments, estimates and assumptions.
Consolidation
The Company assesses all entities with which it is involved for consolidation on a case by case basis depending on the specific facts and circumstances surrounding each entity. Pursuant to the consolidation guidance, the Company first evaluates whether it holds a variable interest in an entity. Apollo factors in all economic interests including proportionate interests through related parties, to determine if such interests are to be considered a variable interest. As Apollo’s interest in many of these entities is solely through market rate fees and/or insignificant indirect interests through related parties, Apollo is generally not considered to have a variable interest in many of these entities under the guidance and no further consolidation analysis is performed. For entities where the Company has determined that it does hold a variable interest, the Company performs an assessment to determine whether each of those entities qualify as a VIE.
The determination as to whether an entity qualifies as a VIE depends on the facts and circumstances surrounding each entity and therefore certain of Apollo’s funds may qualify as VIEs under the variable interest model whereas others may qualify as voting interest entities (“VOEs”) under the voting interest model. The granting of substantive kick-out rights is a key consideration in determining whether a limited partnership or similar entity is a VIE and whether or not that entity should be consolidated.

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Under the voting interest model, Apollo consolidates those entities it controls through a majority voting interest. Apollo does not consolidate those VOEs in which substantive kick-out rights have been granted to the unaffiliated investors to either dissolve the fund or remove the general partner.
 Under the variable interest model, Apollo consolidates those entities where it is determined that the Company is the primary beneficiary of the entity. The Company is determined to be the primary beneficiary if it holds a controlling financial interest in the VIE defined as possessing both (i) the power to direct the activities of the VIE that most significantly impact the VIE’s economic performance and (ii) the obligation to absorb losses of the VIE or the right to receive benefits from the VIE that could potentially be significant to the VIE. If Apollo alone is not considered to have a controlling financial interest in the VIE but Apollo and its related parties under common control in the aggregate have a controlling financial interest in the VIE, Apollo will still be deemed to be the primary beneficiary if it is the party within the related party group that is most closely associated with the VIE. If Apollo and its related parties not under common control in the aggregate have a controlling financial interest in a VIE, then Apollo is deemed to be the primary beneficiary if substantially all the activities of the entity are performed on behalf of Apollo. Apollo determines whether it is the primary beneficiary of a VIE at the time it becomes initially involved with the VIE and reconsiders that conclusion continuously. Investments and redemptions (either by Apollo, related parties of Apollo or third parties) or amendments to the governing documents of the respective entity may affect an entity’s status as a VIE or the determination of the primary beneficiary.
The assessment of whether an entity is a VIE and the determination of whether Apollo should consolidate such VIE requires judgment by our management. Those judgments include, but are not limited to: (i) determining whether the total equity investment at risk is sufficient to permit the entity to finance its activities without additional subordinated financial support, (ii) evaluating whether the holders of equity investment at risk, as a group, can make decisions that have a significant effect on the success of the entity, (iii) determining whether the equity investors have proportionate voting rights to their obligations to absorb losses or rights to receive the expected residual returns from an entity and (iv) evaluating the nature of the relationship and activities of those related parties with shared power or under common control for purposes of determining which party within the related-party group is most closely associated with the VIE. Judgments are also made in determining whether a member in the equity group has a controlling financial interest including power to direct activities that most significantly impact the VIE’s economic performance and rights to receive benefits or obligations to absorb losses that could be potentially significant to the VIE. This analysis considers all relevant economic interests including proportionate interests held through related parties.
Revenue Recognition
Performance Fees. We earn performance fees from our funds as a result of such funds achieving specified performance criteria. Such performance fees generally are earned based upon a fixed percentage of realized and unrealized gains of various funds after meeting any applicable hurdle rate or threshold minimum.
Performance allocations are performance fees that are generally structured from a legal standpoint as an allocation of capital to the asset manager. Performance allocations from certain of the funds that we manage are subject to contingent repayment and is generally paid to us as particular investments made by the funds are realized. If, however, upon liquidation of a fund, the aggregate amount paid to us as performance fees exceeds the amount actually due to us based upon the aggregate performance of the fund, the excess (in certain cases net of taxes) is required to be returned by us to that fund. We account for performance allocations as an equity method investment, and accordingly, we accrue performance allocations quarterly based on fair value of the underlying investments and separately assess if contingent repayment is necessary. The determination of performance allocations and contingent repayment considers both the terms of the respective partnership agreements and the current fair value of the underlying investments within the funds. Estimates and assumptions are made when determining the fair value of the underlying investments within the funds and could vary depending on the valuation methodology that is used. See “Investments, at Fair Value” below for further discussion related to significant estimates and assumptions used for determining fair value of the underlying investments in our credit, private equity and real assets funds.
Incentive fees are performance fees structured as a contractual fee arrangement rather than a capital allocation. Incentive fees are generally received from the management of CLOs, managed accounts and AINV. For a majority of our incentive fees, once the quarterly or annual incentive fees have been determined, there is no look-back to prior periods for a potential contingent repayment, however, certain other incentive fees can be subject to contingent repayment at the end of the life of the entity. In accordance with the new revenue recognition standard, certain incentive fees are considered a form of variable consideration and therefore are deferred until fees are probable to not be significantly reversed. There is significant judgment involved in determining if the incentive fees are probable to not be significantly reversed, but generally the Company will defer the revenue until the fees are crystallized or are no longer subject to clawback or reversal.
Management Fees. Management fees related to our credit funds, can be based on net asset value, gross assets, adjusted cost of all unrealized portfolio investments, capital commitments, adjusted assets, capital contributions, or stockholders’ equity

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all as defined in the respective partnership agreements. The credit management fee calculations that consider net asset value, gross assets, adjusted cost of all unrealized portfolio investments and adjusted assets are normally based on the terms of the respective partnership agreements and the current fair value of the underlying investments within the funds. Estimates and assumptions are made when determining the fair value of the underlying investments within the funds and could vary depending on the valuation methodology that is used. The management fees related to our private equity funds, by contrast, are generally based on a fixed percentage of the committed capital or invested capital. The corresponding fee calculations that consider committed capital or invested capital are both objective in nature and therefore do not require the use of significant estimates or assumptions. The management fees related to our real assets funds are generally based on a specific percentage of the funds’ stockholders’ equity or committed or net invested capital or the capital accounts of the limited partners. See “Investments, at Fair Value” below for further discussion related to significant estimates and assumptions used for determining fair value of the underlying investments in our credit, private equity and real assets funds.
Investments, at Fair Value
On a quarterly basis, Apollo utilizes valuation committees consisting of members from senior management, to review and approve the valuation results related to the investments of the funds it manages. For certain publicly traded vehicles managed by Apollo, a review is performed by an independent board of directors. The Company also retains independent valuation firms to provide third-party valuation consulting services to Apollo, which consist of certain limited procedures that management identifies and requests them to perform. The limited procedures provided by the independent valuation firms assist management with validating their valuation results or determining fair value. The Company performs various back-testing procedures to validate their valuation approaches, including comparisons between expected and observed outcomes, forecast evaluations and variance analyses. However, because of the inherent uncertainty of valuation, the estimated values may differ significantly from the values that would have been used had a ready market for the investments existed, and the differences could be material.
Credit Investments. The majority of investments in Apollo’s credit funds are valued based on quoted market prices and valuation models.
Quoted market prices are valued based on the average of the “bid” and the “ask” quotes provided by multiple brokers wherever possible without any adjustments. Apollo designates certain brokers to value specific securities.  In order to determine the designated brokers, Apollo considers the following: (i) brokers with which Apollo has previously transacted, (ii) the underwriter of the security and (iii) active brokers indicating executable quotes. In addition, when valuing a security based on broker quotes wherever possible Apollo tests the standard deviation amongst the quotes received and the variance between the concluded fair value and the value provided by a pricing service. When broker quotes are not available, we use pricing service quotes or other sources to mark a position. When relying on a pricing service as a primary source, (i) Apollo analyzes how the price has moved over the measurement period, (ii) reviews the number of brokers included in the pricing service’s population and (iii) validates the valuation levels with Apollo’s pricing team and traders.
Debt and equity securities that are not publicly traded or whose market prices are not readily available are valued at fair value utilizing a model based approach to determine fair value. Valuation approaches used to estimate the fair value of illiquid credit investments also may include the market approach and the income approach, as previously described above. The valuation approaches used consider, as applicable, market risks, credit risks, counterparty risks and foreign currency risks.
Private Equity Investments. The majority of the illiquid investments within our private equity funds are valued using the market approach, which provides an indication of fair value based on a comparison of the subject company to comparable publicly traded companies and transactions in the industry.
Market Approach. The market approach is driven by current market conditions, including actual trading levels of similar companies and, to the extent available, actual transaction data of similar companies. Judgment is required by management when assessing which companies are similar to the subject company being valued. Consideration may also be given to any of the following factors: (1) the subject company’s historical and projected financial data; (2) valuations given to comparable companies; (3) the size and scope of the subject company’s operations; (4) the subject company’s individual strengths and weaknesses; (5) expectations relating to the market’s receptivity to an offering of the subject company’s securities; (6) applicable restrictions on transfer; (7) industry and market information; (8) general economic and market conditions; and (9) other factors deemed relevant. Market approach valuation models typically employ a multiple that is based on one or more of the factors described above. Enterprise value as a multiple of EBITDA is common and relevant for most companies and industries, however, other industry specific multiples are employed where available and appropriate. Sources for gaining additional knowledge related to comparable companies include public filings, annual reports, analyst research reports, and press releases. Once a comparable company set is determined, we review certain aspects of the subject company’s performance and determine how its performance compares to the group and to certain individuals in the group. We compare certain measurements such as EBITDA margins, revenue growth over

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certain time periods, leverage ratios and growth opportunities. In addition, we compare our entry multiple and its relation to the comparable set at the time of acquisition to understand its relation to the comparable set on each measurement date.
Income Approach. For investments where the market approach does not provide adequate fair value information, we rely on the income approach. The income approach is also used to validate the market approach within our private equity funds. The income approach provides an indication of fair value based on the present value of cash flows that a business or security is expected to generate in the future. The most widely used methodology for the income approach is a discounted cash flow method. Inherent in the discounted cash flow method are significant assumptions related to the subject company’s expected results, the determination of a terminal value and a calculated discount rate, which is normally based on the subject company’s weighted average cost of capital, or “WACC.” The WACC represents the required rate of return on total capitalization, which is comprised of a required rate of return on equity, plus the current tax-effected rate of return on debt, weighted by the relative percentages of equity and debt that are typical in the industry. The most critical step in determining the appropriate WACC for each subject company is to select companies that are comparable in nature to the subject company and the credit quality of the subject company. Sources for gaining additional knowledge about the comparable companies include public filings, annual reports, analyst research reports, and press releases. The general formula then used for calculating the WACC considers the after-tax rate of return on debt capital and the rate of return on common equity capital, which further considers the risk-free rate of return, market beta, market risk premium and small stock premium, if applicable. The variables used in the WACC formula are inferred from the comparable market data obtained. The Company evaluates the comparable companies selected and concludes on WACC inputs based on the most comparable company or analyzes the range of data for the investment.
The value of liquid investments, where the primary market is an exchange (whether foreign or domestic), is determined using period end market prices. Such prices are generally based on the close price on the date of determination.
Real Assets Investments. For the CMBS portfolio of Apollo’s funds, the estimated fair value of the CMBS portfolio is determined by reference to market prices provided by certain dealers who make a market in these financial instruments. Broker quotes are only indicative of fair value and may not necessarily represent what the funds would receive in an actual trade for the applicable instrument. Additionally, the loans held-for-investment are stated at the principal amount outstanding, net of deferred loan fees and costs. The loans in Apollo’s real assets funds are evaluated for possible impairment on a quarterly basis. For Apollo’s real assets funds, valuations of non-marketable underlying investments are determined using methods that include, but are not limited to (i) discounted cash flow estimates or comparable analysis prepared internally, (ii) third party appraisals or valuations by qualified real estate appraisers, and (iii) contractual sales value of investments/properties subject to bona fide purchase contracts. Methods (i) and (ii) also incorporate consideration of the use of the income, cost, or sales comparison approaches of estimating property values.
Certain of our funds may also enter into foreign currency exchange contracts, total return swap contracts, credit default swap contracts, and other derivative contracts, which may include options, caps, collars and floors. Foreign currency exchange contracts are marked-to-market by recognizing the difference between the contract exchange rate and the current market rate as unrealized appreciation or depreciation. If securities are held at the end of this period, the changes in value are recorded in income as unrealized gains or losses. Realized gains or losses are recognized when contracts are settled. Derivative contracts such as total return swaps and credit default swaps are recorded at fair value as an asset or liability, with changes in fair value recorded as unrealized appreciation or depreciation. Realized gains or losses are recognized at the termination of the contract based on the difference between the close-out price of the total return or credit default swap contract and the original contract price. Forward contracts are valued based on market rates obtained from counterparties or prices obtained from recognized financial data service providers.
The fair values of the investments in our funds can be impacted by changes to the assumptions used in the underlying valuation models. For further discussion on the impact of changes to valuation assumptions see “Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk—Sensitivity” in our 2017 Annual Report. There have been no material changes to the valuation approaches utilized during the periods that our financial results are presented in this report.
Fair Value of Financial Instruments
Except for the Company’s debt obligations (each as defined in note 9 to our condensed consolidated financial statements), Apollo’s financial instruments are recorded at fair value or at amounts whose carrying values approximate fair value. See “—Investments, at Fair Value” above. While Apollo’s valuations of portfolio investments are based on assumptions that Apollo believes are reasonable under the circumstances, the actual realized gains or losses will depend on, among other factors, future operating results, the value of the assets and market conditions at the time of disposition, any related transaction costs and the timing and manner of sale, all of which may ultimately differ significantly from the assumptions on which the valuations were based. Financial instruments’ carrying values generally approximate fair value because of the short-term nature of those instruments or variable interest rates related to the borrowings.

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Profit Sharing Expense. Profit sharing expense is primarily a result of agreements with our Contributing Partners and employees to compensate them based on the ownership interest they have in the general partners of the Apollo funds. Therefore, changes in the fair value of the underlying investments in the funds we manage and advise affect profit sharing expense. The Contributing Partners and employees are allocated approximately 30% to 50% of the total performance fees which is driven primarily by changes in fair value of the underlying fund’s investments and is treated as compensation expense. Additionally, profit sharing expenses paid may be subject to clawback from employees, former employees and Contributing Partners to the extent not indemnified. When applicable, the accrual for potential clawback of previously distributed profit sharing amounts, which is a component of due from related parties on the condensed consolidated statements of financial condition, represents all amounts previously distributed to employees, former employees and Contributing Partners that would need to be returned to the general partner if the Apollo funds were to be liquidated based on the current fair value of the underlying funds’ investments as of the reporting date. The actual general partner receivable, however, would not become realized until the end of a fund’s life.
The Incentive Pool enables certain partners and employees to earn discretionary compensation based on performance fees realizations earned by the Company in a given year, which amounts are reflected in profit sharing expense in the accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements. The Company adopted the Incentive Pool to attract and retain, and provide incentive to, partners and employees of the Company and to more closely align the overall compensation of partners and employees with the overall realized performance of the Company. Allocations to the Incentive Pool and to its participants contain both a fixed and a discretionary component and may vary year-to-year depending on the overall realized performance of the Company and the contributions and performance of each participant. There is no assurance that the Company will continue to compensate individuals through performance-based incentive arrangements in the future and there may be periods when the executive committee of the Company’s manager determines that allocations of realized performance fees are not sufficient to compensate individuals, which may result in an increase in salary, bonus and benefits.
Fair Value Option. Apollo has elected the fair value option for the Company’s investment in Athene Holding, the assets and liabilities of certain of its consolidated VIEs (including CLOs), the Company’s U.S. Treasury securities with original maturities greater than three months when purchased and certain of the Company’s other investments. Such election is irrevocable and is applied to financial instruments on an individual basis at initial recognition. See notes 3, 5, and 6 to the condensed consolidated financial statements for further disclosure.
Equity-Based Compensation. Equity-based compensation is accounted for in accordance with U.S. GAAP, which requires that the cost of employee services received in exchange for an award is generally measured based on the grant date fair value of the award. Equity-based awards that do not require future service (i.e., vested awards) are expensed immediately. Equity-based employee awards that require future service are recognized over the relevant service period. In connection with the adoption of new share-based payment guidance during the quarter ended March 31, 2017, the Company made an accounting policy election to no longer estimate forfeitures in determining the number of equity-based awards that are expected to vest. Under the Company’s new policy, which was applied prospectively as of January 1, 2017, forfeitures are accounted for when they occur. Apollo’s equity-based awards consist of, or provide rights with respect to, AOG Units, RSUs, share options, restricted shares, AHL Awards and other equity-based compensation awards. For more information regarding Apollo’s equity-based compensation awards, see note 11 to our condensed consolidated financial statements. The Company’s assumptions made to determine the fair value on grant date are embodied in the calculations of compensation expense.
A significant part of our compensation expense is derived from amortization of RSUs. The fair value of all RSU grants after March 29, 2011 is based on the grant date fair value, which considers the public share price of the Company. The Company has three types of RSU grants, which we refer to as Plan Grants, Bonus Grants, and Performance Grants. Plan Grants may or may not provide the right to receive distribution equivalents until the RSUs vest and, for grants made after 2011, the underlying shares are generally issued by March 15th after the year in which they vest. For Plan Grants, the grant date fair value is based on the public share price of the Company, and is discounted for transfer restrictions and lack of distributions until vested. Bonus Grants provide the right to receive distribution equivalents on both vested and unvested RSUs and Performance Grants provide the right to receive distribution equivalents on vested RSUs and may also provide the right to receive distribution equivalents on unvested RSUs. Both Bonus Grants and Performance Grants are generally issued by March 15th of the year following the year in which they vest. For Bonus Grants and Performance Grants, the grant date fair value for the periods presented is based on the public share price of the Company, and is discounted for transfer restrictions.
We utilized the present value of a growing annuity formula to calculate a discount for the lack of pre-vesting distributions on Plan Grant RSUs. The weighted average for the inputs utilized for the shares granted are presented in the table below for Plan Grants:

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For the Three Months Ended June 30,
 
For the Six Months Ended June 30,
 
2018
 
2017
 
2018
 
2017
Distribution Yield(1)
6.9%
 
5.8%
 
6.5%
 
6.2%
Cost of Equity Capital Rate(2)
11.0%
 
11.3%
 
10.9%
 
11.3%
(1)
Calculated based on the historical distributions paid during the twelve months ended June 30, 2018 and the Company’s Class A share price as of the measurement date of the grant on a weighted average basis.
(2)
Assumes a discount rate that was equivalent to the opportunity cost of foregoing distributions on unvested Plan Grant RSUs as of the valuation date, based on the Capital Asset Pricing Model (“CAPM”). CAPM is a commonly used mathematical model for developing expected returns.
The following table summarizes the weighted average discounts for Plan Grants:
 
For the Three Months Ended June 30,
 
For the Six Months Ended June 30,
 
2018
 
2017
 
2018
 
2017
Plan Grants:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Discount for the lack of distributions until vested(1)
14.2%
 
13.5%
 
13.1%
 
11.2%
(1)
Based on the present value of a growing annuity calculation.
We utilize the Finnerty Model to calculate a marketability discount on the Plan Grant and Bonus Grant RSUs to account for the lag between vesting and issuance. The Finnerty Model provides for a valuation discount reflecting the holding period restriction embedded in a restricted security preventing its sale over a certain period of time.
The Finnerty Model proposes to estimate a discount for lack of marketability such as transfer restrictions by using an option pricing theory. This model has gained recognition through its ability to address the magnitude of the discount by considering the volatility of a company’s stock price and the length of restriction. The concept underpinning the Finnerty Model is that a restricted security cannot be sold over a certain period of time. Further simplified, a restricted share of equity in a company can be viewed as having forfeited a put on the average price of the marketable equity over the restriction period (also known as an “Asian Put Option”). If we price an Asian Put Option and compare this value to that of the assumed fully marketable underlying security, we can effectively estimate the marketability discount.
The inputs utilized in the Finnerty Model are (i) length of holding period, (ii) volatility and (iii) distribution yield. The weighted average for the inputs utilized for the shares granted are presented in the table below for Plan Grants, Bonus Grants and Performance Grants:
 
For the Three Months Ended
June 30,
 
For the Six Months Ended
June 30,
 
2018
 
2017
 
2018
 
2017
Plan Grants:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Holding Period Restriction (in years)
0.5
 
0.9
 
0.5
 
0.5
Volatility(1)
25.6%
 
23.0%
 
24.9%
 
21.5%
Distribution Yield(2)
6.9%
 
5.8%
 
6.5%
 
6.2%
Bonus Grants:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Holding Period Restriction (in years)
N/A
 
0.2
 
0.2
 
0.2
Volatility(1)
N/A
 
22.5%
 
22.5%
 
22.5%
Distribution Yield(2)
N/A
 
5.3%
 
5.3%
 
5.3%
Performance Grants:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Holding Period Restriction (in years)
1.2
 
N/A
 
1.2
 
N/A
Volatility(1)
25.0%
 
N/A
 
23.5%
 
N/A
Distribution Yield(2)
6.0%
 
N/A
 
5.5%
 
N/A
(1)
The Company determined the expected volatility based on the volatility of the Company’s Class A share price as of the grant date with consideration to comparable companies.
(2)
Calculated based on the historical distributions paid during the twelve months ended June 30, 2018 and the Company’s Class A share price as of the measurement date of the grant on a weighted average basis.

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The following table summarizes the weighted average marketability discounts for Plan Grants, Bonus Grants and Performance Grants:
 
For the Three Months Ended
June 30,
 
For the Six Months Ended
June 30,
 
2018
 
2017
 
2018
 
2017
Plan Grants:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Marketability discount for transfer restrictions(1)
4.0%
 
4.7%
 
3.9%
 
3.3%
Bonus Grants:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Marketability discount for transfer restrictions(1)
N/A
 
2.3%
 
2.3%
 
2.3%
Performance Grants:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Marketability discount for transfer restrictions(1)
5.8%
 
N/A
 
5.6%
 
N/A
(1)
Based on the Finnerty Model calculation.
For awards prior to the adoption of the new share-based payment guidance, which was applied prospectively as of January 1, 2017, after the grant date fair value was determined, an estimated forfeiture rate was applied. The estimated fair value was determined and recognized over the vesting period on a straight-line basis and a 4.0% forfeiture rate was estimated for RSUs, based on the Company’s historical attrition rate as well as industry comparable rates. If employees were no longer associated with Apollo or if there was no turnover, we would revise its estimated compensation expense to the actual amount of expense based on the RSUs vested at the reporting date in accordance with U.S. GAAP.
Bonus Grants constitute a component of the discretionary annual compensation awarded to certain of our professionals. During 2016, the Company increased the default portion of annual compensation to be awarded as a discretionary Bonus Grant relative to the portion awarded in previous years. The increase in the proportion of discretionary annual compensation awarded as a Bonus Grant will be offset by a decrease in discretionary annual cash bonuses. These changes are intended to further align the interests of Apollo’s employees and stakeholders and strengthen the long-term commitment of our partners and employees.
Fair Value Measurements
See note 6 to our condensed consolidated financial statements for a discussion of the Company’s fair value measurements.
Recent Accounting Pronouncements
A list of recent accounting pronouncements that are relevant to Apollo and its industry is included in note 2 to our condensed consolidated financial statements.
Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements
In the normal course of business, we engage in off-balance sheet arrangements, including transactions in derivatives, guarantees, commitments, indemnifications and potential contingent repayment obligations. See note 14 to our condensed consolidated financial statements for a discussion of guarantees and contingent obligations.

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Contractual Obligations, Commitments and Contingencies
The Company’s material contractual obligations consisted of lease obligations, contractual commitments as part of the ongoing operations of the funds and debt obligations. Fixed and determinable payments due in connection with these obligations are presented below and include the future payments for a lease signed on July 30, 2018:
 
Remaining 2018
 
2019
 
2020
 
2021
 
2022
 
Thereafter
 
Total
 
(in thousands)
Operating lease obligations(1)
$
18,403

 
$
36,546

 
$
24,400

 
$
31,485

 
$
35,395

 
$
435,506

 
$
581,735

Other long-term obligations(2)
13,841

 
7,172

 
2,357

 
2,107

 
1,497

 
1,240

 
28,214

2018 AMH Credit Facility(3)
321

 
675

 
675

 
675

 
675

 
358

 
3,379

2024 Senior Notes(4)
10,000

 
20,000

 
20,000

 
20,000

 
20,000

 
528,333

 
618,333

2026 Senior Notes(5)
11,000

 
22,000

 
22,000

 
22,000

 
22,000

 
574,983

 
673,983

2048 Senior Notes(6)
7,500

 
15,000

 
15,000

 
15,000

 
15,000

 
678,750

 
746,250

2014 AMI Term Facility I
160

 
319

 
319

 
16,190

 
—

 
—

 
16,988

2014 AMI Term Facility II
158

 
316

 
316

 
316

 
18,077

 
—

 
19,183

2016 AMI Term Facility I
129

 
258

 
258

 
258

 
258

 
20,325

 
21,486

2016 AMI Term Facility II
155

 
309

 
309

 
15,614

 
—

 
—

 
16,387

Obligations as of June 30, 2018
$
61,667

 
$
102,595

 
$
85,634

 
$
123,645

 
$
112,902

 
$
2,239,495

 
$
2,725,938

(1)
Includes payments associated with a lease which was signed on July 30, 2018.
(2)
Includes (i) payments on management service agreements related to certain assets and (ii) payments with respect to certain consulting agreements entered into by the Company. Note that a significant portion of these costs are reimbursable by funds.
(3)
The commitment fee as of July 11, 2018 on the 2018 AMH Credit Facility was 0.09%. See note 16 of the condensed consolidated financial statements for further discussion of the 2018 AMH Credit Facility.
(4)
$500 million of the 2024 Senior Notes matures in May 2024. The interest rate on the 2024 Senior Notes as of June 30, 2018 was 4.00%. See note 9 of the condensed consolidated financial statements for further discussion of the 2024 Senior Notes.
(5)
$500 million of the 2026 Senior Notes matures in May 2026. The interest rate on the 2026 Senior Notes as of June 30, 2018 was 4.40%. See note 9 of the condensed consolidated financial statements for further discussion of the 2026 Senior Notes.
(6)
$300 million of the 2048 Senior Notes matures in March 2048. The interest rate on the 2048 Senior Notes as of June 30, 2018 was 5.00%. See note 9 of the condensed consolidated financial statements for further discussion of the 2026 Senior Notes.
Note:
Due to the fact that the timing of certain amounts to be paid cannot be determined or for other reasons discussed below, the following contractual commitments have not been presented in the table above.
(i)
As noted previously, we have entered into a tax receivable agreement with our Managing Partners and Contributing Partners which requires us to pay to our Managing Partners and Contributing Partners 85% of any tax savings received by APO Corp. from our step-up in tax basis. The tax savings achieved may not ensure that we have sufficient cash available to pay this liability and we might be required to incur additional debt to satisfy this liability.
(ii)
Debt amounts related to the consolidated VIEs are not presented in the table above as the Company is not a guarantor of these non-recourse liabilities.
(iii)
In connection with the Stone Tower acquisition, the Company agreed to pay the former owners of Stone Tower a specified percentage of any future performance fees earned from certain of the Stone Tower funds, CLOs and strategic investment accounts. This contingent consideration liability is remeasured to fair value at each reporting period until the obligations are satisfied. See note 14 to the condensed consolidated financial statements for further information regarding the contingent consideration liability.
(iv)
Commitments from certain of our subsidiaries to contribute to the funds we manage and certain related parties.
Commitments
Certain of our management companies and general partners are committed to contribute to the funds we manage and certain related parties. While a small percentage of these amounts are funded by us, the majority of these amounts have historically been funded by our related parties, including certain of our employees and certain Apollo funds. The table below presents the commitment and remaining commitment amounts of Apollo and its related parties, the percentage of total fund commitments of Apollo and its related parties, the commitment and remaining commitment amounts of Apollo only (excluding related parties), and the percentage of total fund commitments of Apollo only (excluding related parties) for each credit, private equity and real assets fund as of June 30, 2018 as follows ($ in millions):

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Fund
Apollo and Related Party Commitments
 
% of Total Fund Commitments
 
Apollo Only (Excluding Related Party) Commitments
 
Apollo Only (Excluding Related Party) % of Total Fund Commitments
 
Apollo and Related Party Remaining Commitments
 
Apollo Only (Excluding Related Party) Remaining Commitments
Credit:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Apollo Credit Opportunity Fund III, L.P. (“COF III”)
$
358.1

 
10.45
%
 
$
83.1

 
2.43
%
 
$
86.4

 
$
21.0

Apollo Credit Opportunity Fund II, L.P. (“COF II”)
30.5

 
1.93

 
23.4

 
1.48

 
0.8

 
0.6

Apollo Credit Opportunity Fund I, L.P. (“COF I”)
449.2

 
30.26

 
29.7

 
2.00

 
237.1

 
4.2

Apollo European Principal Finance Fund III, L.P. (“EPF III”)(1)
609.4

 
13.33

 
93.2

 
2.04

 
508.6

 
79.3

Apollo European Principal Finance Fund II, L.P. (“EPF II”)(1)
411.9

 
11.83

 
60.2

 
1.73

 
100.9

 
19.0

Apollo European Principal Finance Fund, L.P. (“EPF I”)(1)
313.9

 
20.74

 
20.7

 
1.37

 
51.1

 
4.8

Financial Credit Investment III, L.P. (“FCI III”)
224.3

 
11.76

 
0.1

 
0.01

 
136.7

 
0.1

Financial Credit Investment II, L.P. (“FCI II”)
244.6

 
15.72

 
—

 
—

 
116.7

 
—

Financial Credit Investment I, L.P. (“FCI I”)
151.3

 
27.07

 
—

 
—

 
76.9

 
—

Apollo Structured Credit Recovery Master Fund IV, L.P. (“SCRF IV”)
327.3

 
16.91

 
42.3

 
2.19

 
158.3

 
20.5

MidCap
1,672.6

 
80.23

 
110.9

 
5.32

 
169.0

 
31.0

Apollo Moultrie Credit Fund, L.P.
400.0

 
100.00

 
—

 
—

 
190.0

 
—

Apollo/Palmetto Short-Maturity Loan Portfolio, L.P.
300.0

 
100.00

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

Apollo Asia Private Credit Fund, L.P. (“APC”)
158.5

 
69.06

 
0.1

 
0.04

 
40.2

 
—

Apollo Energy Opportunity Fund, L.P. (“AEOF”)
125.5

 
12.01

 
25.5

 
2.44

 
92.8

 
18.9

Apollo Accord Master Fund II, L.P.
273.7

 
42.96

 
11.6

 
1.82

 
273.7

 
11.6

Athora(1)
584.2

 
22.99

 
146.1

 
5.75

 
479.4

 
119.9

Other Credit
2,527.2

 
Various

 
246.2

 
Various

 
1,119.2

 
116.9

Private Equity:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Fund IX(2)
1,847.5

 
7.47

 
695.6

 
2.81

 
1,847.5

 
695.6

Fund VIII
1,543.5

 
8.40

 
395.5

 
2.15

 
362.1

 
93.7

Fund VII
467.2

 
3.18

 
178.1

 
1.21

 
69.7

 
25.7

Fund VI
246.3

 
2.43

 
6.1

 
0.06

 
9.7

 
0.2

Fund V
100.0

 
2.67

 
0.5

 
0.01

 
6.2

 
—

Fund IV
100.0

 
2.78

 
0.2

 
0.01

 
0.5

 
—

AION
151.5

 
18.34

 
50.0

 
6.05

 
73.7

 
23.8

ANRP I
426.1

 
32.21

 
10.1

 
0.76

 
68.8

 
1.3

ANRP II
581.2

 
16.83

 
25.9

 
0.75

 
299.7

 
13.2

A.A. Mortgage Opportunities, L.P.
425.0

 
84.46

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

Apollo Rose, L.P.
299.1

 
100.00

 
—

 
—

 
74.3

 
—

Champ, L.P.
196.8

 
78.25

 
27.2

 
10.8

 
7.3

 
1.1

Apollo Royalties Management, LLC
108.6

 
100.00

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

Apollo Hybrid Value Fund, L.P.
722.5

 
32.78

 
52.5

 
2.38

 
722.5

 
52.5

Other Private Equity
326.4

 
Various

 
6.4

 
Various

 
123.5

 
1.8

Real Assets:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
U.S. RE Fund II(3)
443.4

(3) 
48.19

 
4.7

 
0.52

 
254.8

 
2.9

U.S. RE Fund I(3)
434.8

(3) 
66.55

 
16.6

 
2.54

 
121.3

 
2.7

CPI Capital Partners Europe, L.P.(1)
6.4

 
0.47

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

CPI Capital Partners Asia Pacific, L.P.
6.9

 
0.53

 
0.5

 
0.04

 
0.1

 
—

Asia RE Fund(3)
455.9

(3) 
65.74

 
8.4

 
1.21

 
343.1

 
6.6

Other Real Assets
228.3

 
Various

 
1.7

 
Various

 
15.7

 
0.2

Other:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Apollo SPN Investments I, L.P.
12.7

 
0.30

 
12.7

 
0.30

 
7.9

 
7.9

Total
$
18,292.3

 
 
 
$
2,385.8

 
 
 
$
8,246.2

 
$
1,377.0

(1)
Apollo’s commitment in these funds is denominated in Euros and translated into U.S. dollars at an exchange rate of €1.00 to $1.17 as of June 30, 2018.
(2)
Apollo Only (Excluding Related Party) Remaining Commitments related to Fund IX are subject to future syndication to Apollo employees.

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(3)
Figures for U.S. RE Fund I include base, additional, and co-investment commitments. A co-investment vehicle within U.S. RE Fund I is denominated in pound sterling and translated into U.S. dollars at an exchange rate of £1.00 to $1.32 as of June 30, 2018. Figures for U.S. RE Fund II and Asia RE Fund include co-investment commitments.
On April 30, 2015, Apollo entered into the AAA Investments Credit Agreement (see note 13 of our condensed consolidated financial statements for further disclosure regarding this facility). The 2018 AMH Credit Facility (see note 16 of our condensed consolidated financial statements for further disclosure regarding this facility), 2024 Senior Notes, 2026 Senior Notes and 2048 Senior Notes will have future impacts on our cash uses. See note 9 of our condensed consolidated financial statements for information regarding the Company’s debt arrangements.
Contingent Obligation—Performance fees with respect to certain credit and private equity funds and real assets funds is subject to reversal in the event of future losses to the extent of the cumulative performance fees recognized in income to date. See note 14 of our condensed consolidated financial statements for a description of our contingent obligation.
One of the Company’s subsidiaries, AGS, provides underwriting commitments in connection with securities offerings to the portfolio companies of the funds Apollo manages. As of June 30, 2018, there were no underwriting commitments outstanding related to such offerings.
ITEM 3.
QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK
Our predominant exposure to market risk is related to our role as investment manager and general partner for our funds and the sensitivity to movements in the fair value of their investments and resulting impact on performance fees and management fee revenues. Our direct investments in the funds also expose us to market risk whereby movements in the fair values of the underlying investments will increase or decrease both net gains (losses) from investment activities and income (loss) from equity method investments. For a discussion of the impact of market risk factors on our financial instruments see “Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations—Critical Accounting Policies—Investments, at Fair Value.”
The fair value of our financial assets and liabilities of our funds may fluctuate in response to changes in the value of investments, foreign exchange, commodities and interest rates. The net effect of these fair value changes impacts the gains and losses from investments in our condensed consolidated statements of operations. However, the majority of these fair value changes are absorbed by the Non-Controlling Interests.
The Company is subject to a concentration risk related to the investors in its funds. Although there are more than 1,000 investors in Apollo’s active credit, private equity and real assets funds, no individual investor accounts for more than 10% of the total committed capital to Apollo’s active funds.
Risks are analyzed across funds from the “bottom up” and from the “top down” with a particular focus on asymmetric risk. We gather and analyze data, monitor investments and markets in detail, and constantly strive to better quantify, qualify and circumscribe relevant risks.
Each risk management process is subject to our overall risk tolerance and philosophy and our enterprise-wide risk management framework. This framework includes identifying, measuring and managing market, credit and operational risks at each segment, as well as at the fund and Company level.
Each segment runs its own investment and risk management process subject to our overall risk tolerance and philosophy:
•
Our credit funds continuously monitor a variety of markets for attractive trading opportunities, applying a number of traditional and customized risk management metrics to analyze risk related to specific assets or portfolios, as well as, fund-wide risks.
•
The investment process of our private equity funds involves a detailed analysis of potential acquisitions, and investment management teams assigned to monitor the strategic development, financing and capital deployment decisions of each portfolio investment.
At the direction of the Company’s manager, the Company has established a risk committee comprised of various members of senior management including the Company’s Chief Financial Officer, Chief Legal Officer, and the Company’s Chief Risk Officer. The risk committee is tasked with assisting the Company’s manager in monitoring and managing enterprise-wide risk. The risk committee generally meets on a quarterly basis and reports to senior management of the Company’s manager at such times as the committee deems appropriate and at least on an annual basis.

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On at least a monthly basis, the Company’s risk department provides a summary analysis of fund level market and credit risk to the portfolio managers of the Company’s funds and the heads of the various business segments. On a periodic basis, the Company’s risk department presents a consolidated summary analysis of fund level market and credit risk to the Company’s risk committee. In addition, the Company’s Chief Risk Officer reviews specific investments from the perspective of risk mitigation and discusses such analysis with the Company’s risk committee and/or the executive committee of the Company’s manager at such times as the Company’s Chief Risk Officer determines such discussions are warranted. On an annual basis, the Company’s Chief Risk Officer provides senior management of the Company’s manager with a comprehensive overview of risk management along with an update on current and future risk initiatives.
Impact on Management Fees—Our management fees are based on one of the following:
•
capital commitments to an Apollo fund;
•
capital invested in an Apollo fund;
•
the gross, net or adjusted asset value of an Apollo fund, as defined; or
•
as otherwise defined in the respective agreements.
Management fees could be impacted by changes in market risk factors and management could consider an investment permanently impaired as a result of (i) such market risk factors causing changes in invested capital or in market values to below cost, in the case of certain credit funds and our private equity funds or (ii) such market risk factors causing changes in gross or net asset value, for the credit funds. The proportion of our management fees that are based on NAV is dependent on the number and types of our funds in existence and the current stage of each fund’s life cycle.
Impact on Advisory and Transaction Fees—We earn transaction fees relating to the negotiation of credit, private equity and real assets transactions and may obtain reimbursement for certain out-of-pocket expenses incurred. Subsequently, on a quarterly or annual basis, ongoing advisory fees, and additional transaction fees in connection with additional purchases, dispositions, or follow-on transactions, may be earned. Management Fee Offsets and any broken deal costs, if applicable, are reflected as a reduction to advisory and transaction fees. Advisory and transaction fees will be impacted by changes in market risk factors to the extent that they limit our opportunities to engage in credit, private equity and real assets transactions or impair our ability to consummate such transactions. The impact of changes in market risk factors on advisory and transaction fees is not readily predicted or estimated.
Impact on Performance Fees—We earn performance fees from our funds as a result of such funds achieving specified performance criteria. Our performance fees will be impacted by changes in market risk factors. However, several major factors will influence the degree of impact:
•
the performance criteria for each individual fund in relation to how that fund’s results of operations are impacted by changes in market risk factors;
•
whether such performance criteria are annual or over the life of the fund;
•
to the extent applicable, the previous performance of each fund in relation to its performance criteria; and
•
whether each funds’ performance fees distributions are subject to contingent repayment.
As a result, the impact of changes in market risk factors on performance fees will vary widely from fund to fund. The impact is heavily dependent on the prior and future performance of each fund, and therefore is not readily predicted or estimated.
Market Risk—We are directly and indirectly affected by changes in market conditions. Market risk generally represents the risk that values of assets and liabilities or revenues and expenses will be adversely affected by changes in market conditions. Market risk is inherent in each of our investments and activities, including equity investments, loans, short-term borrowings, long-term debt, hedging instruments, credit default swaps and derivatives. Just a few of the market conditions that may shift from time to time, thereby exposing us to market risk, include fluctuations in interest and currency exchange rates, equity prices, changes in the implied volatility of interest rates and price deterioration. Volatility in debt and equity markets can impact our pace of capital deployment, the timing of receipt of transaction fee revenues and the timing of realizations. These market conditions could have an impact on the value of fund investments and rates of return. Accordingly, depending on the instruments or activities impacted, market risks can have wide ranging, complex adverse effects on our results from operations and our overall financial condition. We monitor market risk using certain strategies and methodologies which management evaluates periodically for appropriateness. We intend to continue to monitor this risk going forward and continue to monitor our exposure to all market factors.

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Interest Rate Risk—Interest rate risk represents exposure we and our funds have to instruments whose values vary with the change in interest rates. These instruments include, but are not limited to, loans, borrowings, investments in interest bearing securities and derivative instruments. We may seek to mitigate risks associated with the exposures by having our funds take offsetting positions in derivative contracts. Hedging instruments allow us to seek to mitigate risks by reducing the effect of movements in the level of interest rates, changes in the shape of the yield curve, as well as, changes in interest rate volatility. Hedging instruments used to mitigate these risks may include related derivatives such as options, futures and swaps.
Credit Risk—Certain of our funds are subject to certain inherent risks through their investments.
Certain of our entities invest substantially all of their excess cash in open-end money market funds and money market demand accounts, which are included in cash and cash equivalents. The money market funds invest primarily in government securities and other short-term, highly liquid instruments with a low risk of loss. We continually monitor the funds’ performance in order to manage any risk associated with these investments.
Certain of our funds hold derivative instruments that contain an element of risk in the event that the counterparties may be unable to meet the terms of such agreements. We seek to minimize our risk exposure by limiting the counterparties with which our funds enter into contracts to banks and investment banks who meet established credit and capital guidelines. As of June 30, 2018, we do not expect any counterparty to default on its obligations and therefore do not expect to incur any loss due to counterparty default.
Foreign Exchange Risk—Foreign exchange risk represents exposures our funds have to changes in the values of current fund holdings and future cash flows denominated in other currencies and investments in non-U.S. companies. The types of investments exposed to this risk include investments in foreign subsidiaries, foreign currency-denominated loans, foreign currency-denominated transactions, and various foreign exchange derivative instruments whose values fluctuate with changes in currency exchange rates or foreign interest rates. Instruments used to mitigate this risk are foreign exchange options, currency swaps, futures and forwards. These instruments may be used to help insulate our funds against losses that may arise due to volatile movements in foreign exchange rates and/or interest rates.
In our capacity as investment manager of the funds we manage, we continuously monitor a variety of markets for attractive opportunities for managing risk. For example, certain of the funds we manage may put in place foreign exchange hedges or borrowings with respect to certain foreign currency denominated investments to provide a hedge against foreign exchange exposure.
Non-U.S. Operations—We conduct business throughout the world and are continuing to expand into foreign markets. We currently have offices outside the U.S. in Toronto, London, Frankfurt, Madrid, Luxembourg, Mumbai, Delhi, Singapore, Hong Kong and Shanghai and have been strategically growing our international presence. Our fund investments and our revenues are primarily derived from our U.S. operations. With respect to our non-U.S. operations, we are subject to risk of loss from currency fluctuations, social instability, changes in governmental policies or policies of central banks, expropriation, nationalization, unfavorable political and diplomatic developments and changes in legislation relating to non-U.S. ownership. Our funds also invest in the securities of companies which are located in non-U.S. jurisdictions. As we continue to expand globally, we will continue to focus on monitoring and managing these risk factors as they relate to specific non-U.S. investments.
ITEM 4.
CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES
We maintain “disclosure controls and procedures”, as such term is defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Exchange Act, that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by us in reports that we file or submit under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in Securities and Exchange Commission rules and forms, and that such information is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. In designing disclosure controls and procedures, our management necessarily was required to apply its judgment in evaluating the cost-benefit relationship of possible disclosure controls and procedures. The design of any disclosure controls and procedures also is based in part upon certain assumptions about the likelihood of future events, and there can be no assurance that any design will succeed in achieving its stated goals under all potential future conditions. Any controls and procedures, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable assurance of achieving the desired objectives.
Our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, evaluated the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures pursuant to Rule 13a-15 under the Exchange Act as of the end of the period covered by this report. Based on that evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer have concluded that, as of the end of the period covered by this report, our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rule 13a-15(e) under the Exchange Act) are effective at the reasonable assurance level to accomplish their objectives of ensuring that information we are required to disclose

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in reports that we file or submit under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in Securities and Exchange Commission rules and forms, and that such information is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.
No changes in our internal control over financial reporting (as such term is defined in Rules 13a–15(f) and 15d–15(f) under the Exchange Act) occurred during our most recent quarter, that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.
PART II—OTHER INFORMATION
ITEM 1.
LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
See note 14 to our condensed consolidated financial statements for a summary of the Company’s legal proceedings.
ITEM 1A.    RISK FACTORS     
For a discussion of our potential risks and uncertainties, see the information under the heading "Risk Factors" in our 2017 Annual Report, which is accessible on the Securities and Exchange Commission's website at www.sec.gov. There have been no material changes to the risk factors for the three months ended June 30, 2018.
The risks described in our 2017 Annual Report are not the only risks facing us. Additional risks and uncertainties not currently known to us or that we currently deem to be immaterial also may materially adversely affect our business, financial condition and/ or operating results.
ITEM 2.
UNREGISTERED SALE OF EQUITY SECURITIES
On May 4, 2018 and May 8, 2018, we issued 228,238 and 178,305 Class A shares, respectively, net of taxes to Apollo Management Holdings, L.P., a subsidiary of Apollo Global Management, LLC, in connection with issuances of shares to participants in the 2007 Equity Plan for an aggregate purchase price of $7.2 million and $5.6 million, respectively. The issuance was exempt from registration under the Securities Act in accordance with Section 4(a)(2) and Rule 506(b) thereof, as transactions by the issuer not involving a public offering. We determined that the purchaser of Class A shares in the transactions, Apollo Management Holdings, L.P., was an accredited investor.
Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities
The following table sets forth purchases of our Class A shares made by us or on our behalf during the fiscal quarter ended June 30, 2018.
Period
 
Number of Class A Shares Purchased(1)
 
Average Price
Paid per Share
 
Class A Shares Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Plans or Programs(2)
 
Approximate Dollar Value of Class A Shares that May be Purchased Under the Plan or Programs
April 1, 2018 through April 30, 2018
 
—

 
$
—

 
—

 
$
103,772,315

May 1, 2018 through May 31, 2018
 
370,000

 
31.51

 
72,475

 
101,488,628

June 1, 2018 through June 30, 2018
 
—

 
—

 
—

 
101,488,628

Total
 
370,000

 
 
 
72,475

 
 
(1)
Certain Apollo employees receive a portion of the profit sharing proceeds of certain funds in the form of (a) restricted Class A shares of AGM that they are required to purchase with such proceeds or (b) RSUs, in each case which equity-based awards generally vest over three years. These equity-based awards are granted under the Company's 2007 Equity Plan. To prevent dilution on account of these awards, Apollo may, in its discretion, repurchase Class A shares on the open market and retire them. During the three months ended June 30, 2018, we repurchased 297,525 Class A shares at an average price paid per share of $31.51 in open-market transactions not pursuant to a publicly-announced repurchase plan or program on account of these awards. See note 12 for further information on Class A Shares.
(2)
In February 2016, the Company announced its adoption of a program to repurchase up to $250 million in the aggregate of its Class A shares, including up to $150 million in the aggregate of its outstanding Class A shares through a share repurchase program and up to $100 million through a reduction of Class A shares to be issued to employees to satisfy associated tax obligations in connection with the settlement of equity-based awards granted under the 2007 Equity Plan, which we refer to as net share settlement. Under the share repurchase program, shares may be repurchased from time to time in open market transactions, in privately negotiated transactions or otherwise, with the size and timing of these repurchases depending on legal requirements, price, market and economic conditions and other factors. The Company expects that the share repurchase program, which has no expiration date, will be in effect until the maximum approved dollar amount has

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been used to repurchase Class A shares. The share repurchase program does not require the Company to repurchase any specific number of Class A shares, and the share repurchase program may be suspended, extended, modified or discontinued at any time. Reductions of Class A shares issued to employees to satisfy associated tax obligations in connection with the settlement of equity-based awards granted under the 2007 Equity Plan are not included in the table. The Company intends to continue the net share settlement program in excess of the $100 million pursuant to the repurchase program announced in February 2016.
ITEM 3.
DEFAULTS UPON SENIOR SECURITIES
Not applicable.
ITEM 4.
MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES
Not applicable.
ITEM 5.
OTHER INFORMATION
None.

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ITEM 6.
EXHIBITS
 
Exhibit
Number
  
Exhibit Description
 
 
3.1
  
 
 
3.2
  
 
 
4.1
  
 
 
 
4.2
 
 
 
 
4.3
 
 
 
 
4.4
 
 
 
4.5
 
 
 
 
4.6
 
 
 
 
4.7
 
 
 
 
4.8
 
 
 
 
4.9
 
 
 
 

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Exhibit
Number
  
Exhibit Description
 
 
4.10
 
 
 
 
4.11
 
 
 
 
4.12
 
 
 
 
4.13
 
 
 
 
10.1
  
 
 
*10.2
  
 
 
*10.3
  
 
 
*10.4
  
 
 
*10.5
  
 
 
+10.6
  
 
 
10.7
  
 
 
10.8
  
 
 

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Exhibit
Number
  
Exhibit Description
 
 
10.9
  
 
 
10.10
  
 
 
10.11
  
 
 
 
10.12
  
 
 
 
10.13
  
 
 
*10.14
  
 
 
*10.15
  
 
 
*10.16
  
 
 
*10.17
  
 
 
*10.18
  
 
 
*10.19
 
 
 
 
*10.20
 
 
 
 
*10.21
 
 
 
 

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Exhibit
Number
  
Exhibit Description
 
 
10.22
  
 
 
10.23
  
 
 
10.24
  
 
 
 
10.25
 
Joinder, dated as of May 5, 2016, to the Shareholders Agreement, dated as of July 13, 2007, as amended by the First Amendment and Joinder dated as of August 18, 2009, by and among Apollo Global Management, LLC, AP Professional Holdings, L.P., BRH Holdings, L.P., Black Family Partners, L.P., MJR Foundation LLC, MJH Partners, L.P., Leon D. Black, Marc J. Rowan and Joshua J. Harris, and, solely in connection with Article VII of the Agreement, APO Corp., APO Asset Co., LLC, APO (FC), LLC, Apollo Principal Holdings I, L.P., Apollo Principal Holdings II, L.P., Apollo Principal Holdings III, L.P., Apollo Principal Holdings IV, L.P., Apollo Principal Holdings V, L.P., Apollo Principal Holdings VI, L.P., Apollo Principal Holdings VII, L.P., Apollo Principal Holdings VIII, L.P., Apollo Principal Holdings IX, L.P. and Apollo Management Holdings, L.P. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.24 to the Registrant’s Form 10-Q for the period ended March 31, 2016 (File No. 001-35107)).
 
 
 
10.26
 
Joinder, dated as of May 3, 2017, to the Shareholders Agreement, dated as of July 13, 2007, as amended by the First Amendment and Joinder dated as of August 18, 2009, by and among Apollo Global Management, LLC, AP Professional Holdings, L.P., BRH Holdings, L.P., Black Family Partners, L.P., MJR Foundation LLC, MJH Partners, L.P., Leon D. Black, Marc J. Rowan and Joshua J. Harris, and, solely in connection with Article VII of the Agreement, APO Corp., APO Asset Co., LLC, APO (FC), LLC, Apollo Principal Holdings I, L.P., Apollo Principal Holdings II, L.P., Apollo Principal Holdings III, L.P., Apollo Principal Holdings IV, L.P., Apollo Principal Holdings V, L.P., Apollo Principal Holdings VI, L.P., Apollo Principal Holdings VII, L.P., Apollo Principal Holdings VIII, L.P., Apollo Principal Holdings IX, L.P. and Apollo Management Holdings, L.P. and as supplemented by the Joinder dated as of May 5, 2016, by and among Apollo Principal Holdings X, L.P., AMH Holdings (Cayman), L.P., Apollo Principal Holdings XI, LLC, APO (FC II), LLC and APO UK (FC), Limited (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.26 to the Registrant’s Form 10-Q for the period ended March 31, 2017 (File No. 001-35107)).
 
 
10.27
  
 
 
+10.28
  
 
 
+10.29
  
 
 
+10.30
  

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Exhibit
Number
  
Exhibit Description
 
 
 
 
+10.31
  
 
 
+10.32
  
 
 
+10.33
  
 
 
+10.34
  
 
 
+10.35
  
 
 
10.36
  
 
 
+10.37
  
 
 
+10.38
  
 
 
 
*10.39
  
 
 
 
+10.40
 
 
 
+10.41
 
 
 
 
+10.42
 
 
 
 

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Exhibit
Number
  
Exhibit Description
 
 
+10.43
 
 
 
 
+10.44
 
 
 
 
+10.45
 
 
 
 
+10.46
 
 
 
 
+10.47
 
 
 
 
+10.48
 
 
 
 
*10.49
 
 
 
 
10.50
 
 
 
 
10.51
 
 
 
 
10.52
 

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Exhibit
Number
  
Exhibit Description
 
 
 
 
 
10.53
 
Amendment No. 1, dated as of March 11, 2016, to the Credit Agreement, dated as of December 18, 2013, among Apollo Management Holdings, L.P., Apollo Management, L.P., Apollo Capital Management, L.P., Apollo International Management, L.P., AAA Holdings, L.P., Apollo Principal Holdings I, L.P., Apollo Principal Holdings II, L.P., Apollo Principal Holdings III, L.P., Apollo Principal Holdings IV, L.P., Apollo Principal Holdings V, L.P., Apollo Principal Holdings VI, L.P., Apollo Principal Holdings VII, L.P., Apollo Principal Holdings VIII, L.P., Apollo Principal Holdings IX L.P., Apollo Principal Holdings X, L.P., Apollo Principal Holdings XI, LLC, ST Holdings GP, LLC and ST Management Holdings, LLC, the guarantors party thereto, the lenders party thereto, the issuing banks party thereto, and JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., as administrative agent (incorporated by reference to the Registrant’s Form 8-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on March 15, 2016 (File No. 001-35107)).
 
 
 
10.54
 
 
 
 
+10.55
 
 
 
 
+10.56
 
 
 
 
+10.57
 
 
 
 
+10.58
 
 
 
 
+10.59
 
 
 
 
+10.60
 
 
 
 
+10.61
 
 
 
 
+10.62
 

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Exhibit
Number
  
Exhibit Description
 
 
 
 
 
+10.63
 
 
 
 
+10.64
 
 
 
 
+10.65
 
 
 
 
+10.66
 
 
 
 
*31.1
 
 
 
*31.2
 
 
 
*32.1
 
 
 
*32.2
 
 
 
*101.INS
 
XBRL Instance Document
 
 
*101.SCH
 
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Scheme Document
 
 
*101.CAL
 
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document
 
 
*101.DEF
 
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document
 
 
*101.LAB
 
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document
 
 
*101.PRE
 
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document

*
Filed herewith.
+
Management contract or compensatory plan or arrangement.

The agreements and other documents filed as exhibits to this report are not intended to provide factual information or other disclosure other than with respect to the terms of the agreements or other documents themselves, and you should not rely on them for that purpose. In particular, any representations and warranties made by us in these agreements or other documents

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were made solely within the specific context of the relevant agreement or document and may not describe the actual state of affairs as of the date they were made or at any other time.

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SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.
 
 
 
 
 
 
Apollo Global Management, LLC
 
 
(Registrant)
 
 
 
Date: August 6, 2018
By:
/s/ Martin Kelly
 
 
Name:
Martin Kelly
 
 
Title:
Chief Financial Officer
(principal financial officer and
authorized signatory)


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