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Apollo Asset Management, Inc. - Quarter Report: 2021 June (Form 10-Q)

Table of Contents
UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549
  
Form 10-Q  
(Mark One)
☒QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
FOR THE QUARTERLY PERIOD ENDED JUNE 30, 2021 OR
☐TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
FOR THE TRANSITION PERIOD FROM                      TO                     
Commission File Number: 001-35107
APOLLO GLOBAL MANAGEMENT, INC.
(Exact name of Registrant as specified in its charter) 
Delaware 20-8880053
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)
9 West 57th Street, 43rd Floor
New York, New York 10019
(Address of principal executive offices) (Zip Code)
(212) 515-3200
(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the Registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.    Yes ☒   No ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files).    Yes ☒   No ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer”, “accelerated filer”, “smaller reporting company” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
Large accelerated filer☒Accelerated filer☐
Non-accelerated filer☐Smaller reporting company☐
Emerging growth company☐
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act.
☐
Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).    Yes ☐   No ☒
 Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
Title of each classTrading Symbol(s)Name of each exchange on which registered
Class A Common Stock APONew York Stock Exchange
6.375% Series A Preferred StockAPO.PR ANew York Stock Exchange
6.375% Series B Preferred StockAPO. PR BNew York Stock Exchange
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: None
As of August 4, 2021, there were 235,527,358 shares of Class A common stock, 1 share of Class B common stock and 1 share of Class C common stock of the Registrant outstanding.
As of August 4, 2021, on a fully exchanged and diluted basis, there were 432,935,490 shares of Class A common stock of the Registrant outstanding, which includes 168,253,613 Apollo Operating Group Units held by AP Professional Holdings, L.P. and 29,154,519 Apollo Operating Group Units held by Athene Holding Ltd.

Table of Contents
TABLE OF CONTENTS
  Page
PART I
ITEM 1.
ITEM 1A.
ITEM 2.
ITEM 3.
ITEM 4.
PART II
OTHER INFORMATION
ITEM 1.
ITEM 1A.
ITEM 2.
ITEM 3.
ITEM 4.
ITEM 5.
ITEM 6.





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Forward-Looking Statements
This quarterly report may contain forward-looking statements that are within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”), and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”). These statements include, but are not limited to, discussions related to Apollo’s expectations regarding the performance of its business, liquidity and capital resources and the other non-historical statements in the discussion and analysis. These forward-looking statements are based on management’s beliefs, as well as assumptions made by, and information currently available to, management. When used in this quarterly report, the words “believe,” “anticipate,” “estimate,” “expect,” “intend” or future or conditional verbs, such as “will,” “should,” “could,” or “may,” and variations of such words or similar expressions are intended to identify forward-looking statements. Although management believes that the expectations reflected in these forward-looking statements are reasonable, it can give no assurance that these expectations will prove to be correct. These statements are subject to certain risks, uncertainties and assumptions, including risks relating to our dependence on certain key personnel, our ability to raise new credit, private equity, or real assets funds, the impact of the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (“COVID-19”), market conditions generally, our ability to manage our growth, fund performance, changes in our regulatory environment and tax status, the variability of our revenues, net income and cash flow, our use of leverage to finance our businesses and investments by our funds, litigation risks and consummation of the merger of Apollo with Athene Holding, potential corporate governance changes and related transactions which are subject to regulatory, corporate and stockholder approvals, among others. We believe these factors include but are not limited to those described under the section entitled “Risk Factors” in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the United States Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) on February 19, 2021 (the “2020 Annual Report”) and Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed with the SEC on May 10, 2021, as such factors may be updated from time to time in our periodic filings with the SEC, which are accessible on the SEC’s website at www.sec.gov. These factors should not be construed as exhaustive and should be read in conjunction with the other cautionary statements that are included in this report and in our other filings with the SEC. We undertake no obligation to publicly update or review any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future developments or otherwise, except as required by applicable law.
Terms Used in This Report
In this quarterly report, references to “Apollo,” “we,” “us,” “our” and the “Company” refer collectively to Apollo Global Management, Inc. (“AGM Inc.”) and its subsidiaries, including the Apollo Operating Group and all of its subsidiaries, or as the context may otherwise require; "Class A shares" refers to the Class A common stock, $0.00001 par value per share, of AGM Inc.; “Class B share” refers to the Class B common stock, $0.00001 par value per share, of AGM Inc.; "Class C share" refers to the Class C common stock, $0.00001 par value per share, of AGM Inc.; “Series A Preferred shares” refers to the 6.375% Series A preferred stock of AGM Inc.; “Series B Preferred shares” refers to the 6.375% Series B preferred stock of AGM Inc.; and “Preferred shares” refers to the Series A Preferred shares and the Series B Preferred shares, collectively;
“AMH” refers to Apollo Management Holdings, L.P., a Delaware limited partnership, that is an indirect subsidiary of AGM Inc.;
“Apollo funds”, “our funds” and references to the “funds” we manage, refer to the funds (including the parallel funds and alternative investment vehicles of such funds), partnerships, accounts, including strategic investment accounts or “SIAs,” alternative asset companies and other entities for which subsidiaries of the Apollo Operating Group provide investment management or advisory services;
“Apollo Group” means (i) the Class C Stockholder and its affiliates, including their respective general partners, members and limited partners, (ii) Holdings and its affiliates, including their respective general partners, members and limited partners, (iii) with respect to each Co-Founder, such Co-Founder and such Co-Founder’s group (as defined in Section 13(d) of the Exchange Act), (iv) any former or current investment professional of or other employee of an Apollo employer (as defined below) or the Apollo Operating Group (or such other entity controlled by a member of the Apollo Operating Group) and any member of such person’s group, (v) any former or current executive officer of an Apollo employer or the Apollo Operating Group (or such other entity controlled by a member of the Apollo Operating Group) and any member of such person’s group; and (vi) any former or current director of an Apollo employer or the Apollo Operating Group (or such other entity controlled by a member of the Apollo Operating Group) and any member of such person’s group. With respect to any person, Apollo employer means AGM Inc. or such successor thereto or such other entity controlled by AGM Inc. or its successor as may be such person’s employer at such time, but does not include any portfolio companies;
“Apollo Operating Group” refers to (i) the limited partnerships and limited liability companies through which we currently operate our businesses and (ii) one or more limited partnerships or limited liability companies formed for the purpose of, among other activities, holding certain of our gains or losses on our principal investments in the funds, which we refer to as our “principal investments”
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“Assets Under Management”, or “AUM”, refers to the assets of the funds, partnerships and accounts to which we provide investment management, advisory, or certain other investment-related services, including, without limitation, capital that such funds, partnerships and accounts have the right to call from investors pursuant to capital commitments. Our AUM equals the sum of:
(i)the net asset value, or “NAV,” plus used or available leverage and/or capital commitments, or gross assets plus capital commitments, of the credit funds, partnerships and accounts for which we provide investment management or advisory services, other than certain collateralized loan obligations (“CLOs”), collateralized debt obligations (“CDOs”), and certain permanent capital vehicles, which have a fee-generating basis other than the mark-to-market value of the underlying assets;
(ii)the fair value of the investments of the private equity and real assets funds, partnerships and accounts we manage or advise plus the capital that such funds, partnerships and accounts are entitled to call from investors pursuant to capital commitments, plus portfolio level financings; for certain permanent capital vehicles in real assets, gross asset value plus available financing capacity;
(iii)the gross asset value associated with the reinsurance investments of the portfolio company assets we manage or advise; and
(iv)the fair value of any other assets that we manage or advise for the funds, partnerships and accounts to which we provide investment management, advisory, or certain other investment-related services, plus unused credit facilities, including capital commitments to such funds, partnerships and accounts for investments that may require pre-qualification or other conditions before investment plus any other capital commitments to such funds, partnerships and accounts available for investment that are not otherwise included in the clauses above.
Our AUM measure includes Assets Under Management for which we charge either nominal or zero fees. Our AUM measure also includes assets for which we do not have investment discretion, including certain assets for which we earn only investment-related service fees, rather than management or advisory fees. Our definition of AUM is not based on any definition of Assets Under Management contained in our governing documents or in any of our Apollo fund management agreements. We consider multiple factors for determining what should be included in our definition of AUM. Such factors include but are not limited to (1) our ability to influence the investment decisions for existing and available assets; (2) our ability to generate income from the underlying assets in our funds; and (3) the AUM measures that we use internally or believe are used by other investment managers. Given the differences in the investment strategies and structures among other alternative investment managers, our calculation of AUM may differ from the calculations employed by other investment managers and, as a result, this measure may not be directly comparable to similar measures presented by other investment managers. Our calculation also differs from the manner in which our affiliates registered with the SEC report “Regulatory Assets Under Management” on Form ADV and Form PF in various ways;
“Fee-Generating AUM” consists of assets of the funds, partnerships and accounts to which we provide investment management, advisory, or certain other investment-related services and on which we earn management fees, monitoring fees or other investment-related fees pursuant to management or other fee agreements on a basis that varies among the Apollo funds, partnerships and accounts. Management fees are normally based on “net asset value,” “gross assets,” “adjusted par asset value,” “adjusted cost of all unrealized portfolio investments,” “capital commitments,” “adjusted assets,” “stockholders’ equity,” “invested capital” or “capital contributions,” each as defined in the applicable management agreement. Monitoring fees, also referred to as advisory fees, with respect to the structured portfolio company investments of the funds, partnerships and accounts we manage or advise, are generally based on the total value of such structured portfolio company investments, which normally includes leverage, less any portion of such total value that is already considered in Fee-Generating AUM;
“Non-Fee-Generating AUM” refers to AUM that does not produce management fees or monitoring fees. This measure generally includes the following:
(i)fair value above invested capital for those funds that earn management fees based on invested capital;
(ii)net asset values related to general partner and co-investment interests;
(iii)unused credit facilities;
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(iv)available commitments on those funds that generate management fees on invested capital;
(v)structured portfolio company investments that do not generate monitoring fees; and
(vi)the difference between gross asset and net asset value for those funds that earn management fees based on net asset value.
“Performance Fee-Eligible AUM” refers to the AUM that may eventually produce performance fees. All funds for which we are entitled to receive a performance fee allocation or incentive fee are included in Performance Fee-Eligible AUM, which consists of the following:
(i)     “Performance Fee-Generating AUM”, which refers to invested capital of the funds, partnerships and accounts we manage, advise, or to which we provide certain other investment-related services, that is currently above its hurdle rate or preferred return, and profit of such funds, partnerships and accounts is being allocated to, or earned by, the general partner in accordance with the applicable limited partnership agreements or other governing agreements;
(ii)     “AUM Not Currently Generating Performance Fees”, which refers to invested capital of the funds, partnerships and accounts we manage, advise, or to which we provide certain other investment-related services, that is currently below its hurdle rate or preferred return; and
(iii)     “Uninvested Performance Fee-Eligible AUM”, which refers to capital of the funds, partnerships and accounts we manage, advise, or to which we provide certain other investment-related services, that is available for investment or reinvestment subject to the provisions of applicable limited partnership agreements or other governing agreements, which capital is not currently part of the NAV or fair value of investments that may eventually produce performance fees allocable to, or earned by, the general partner.
“AUM with Future Management Fee Potential” refers to the committed uninvested capital portion of total AUM not
currently earning management fees. The amount depends on the specific terms and conditions of each fund;
We use AUM as a performance measure of our funds’ investment activities, as well as to monitor fund size in relation to professional resource and infrastructure needs. Non-Fee-Generating AUM includes assets on which we could earn performance fees;
“Advisory” refers to certain assets advised by Apollo Asset Management Europe PC LLP (“AAME PC”), a wholly-owned subsidiary of Apollo Asset Management Europe LLP (“AAME”). AAME PC and AAME are subsidiaries of Apollo and are collectively referred to herein as “ISGI”
“Athene Holding” or “AHL” refers to Athene Holding Ltd. (together with its subsidiaries, “Athene”), a leading retirement services company that issues, reinsures and acquires retirement savings products designed for the increasing number of individuals and institutions seeking to fund retirement needs, and to which Apollo, through its consolidated subsidiary Apollo Insurance Solutions Group LP (formerly known as Athene Asset Management LLC) (“ISG”), provides asset management and advisory services;
“Athora Holding” refers to Athora Holding, Ltd. (“Athora Holding” and together with its subsidiaries, “Athora”), a strategic platform that acquires or reinsures blocks of insurance business in the German and broader European life insurance market (collectively, the “Athora Accounts”). The Company, through ISGI, provides investment advisory services to Athora. Athora Non-Sub-Advised Assets includes the Athora assets which are managed by Apollo but not sub-advised by Apollo nor invested in Apollo funds or investment vehicles. Athora Sub-Advised includes assets which the Company explicitly sub-advises as well as those assets in the Athora Accounts which are invested directly in funds and investment vehicles Apollo manages;
“capital deployed” or “deployment” represents (i) the aggregate amount of capital that has been invested during a given period (including leverage) by our commitment based funds and SIAs that have a defined maturity date, (ii) purchases of investments (net of sales) by our subscription and contribution based funds and mandates (including leverage), (iii) investments originated by certain of our platform companies, net of syndications to our other funds and accounts, but including syndications to third parties, and (iv) third-party investment activity in opportunities sourced by our teams for which we earn a fee and in which we participate. Deployment excludes offsetting short positions, certain credit derivatives, certain short-dated government securities, and involuntary repayment of loans and bonds;
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“Co-Founders” refer to Messrs. Leon Black, Joshua Harris and Marc Rowan collectively and, when used in reference to holdings of interests in Apollo or Holdings, includes certain related parties of such individuals;
“Contributing Partners” refer to those of our partners and their related parties (other than our Co-Founders) who indirectly beneficially own (through Holdings) Apollo Operating Group units;
“drawdown capital deployed” or “drawdown deployment” is the aggregate amount of capital that has been invested during a given period (which may, in certain cases, include leverage) by (i) our commitment-based funds, excluding certain funds in which permanent capital vehicles are the primary investor and (ii) SIAs that have a defined maturity date;
“Equity Plan” refers to the Company’s 2007 Omnibus Equity Incentive Plan, which effective as of July 22, 2019, was amended, restated and renamed the 2019 Omnibus Equity Incentive Plan;
“gross IRR” of a credit fund and the principal finance funds within the real assets segment represents the annualized return of a fund based on the actual timing of all cumulative fund cash flows before management fees, performance fees allocated to the general partner and certain other expenses. Calculations may include certain investors that do not pay fees. The terminal value is the net asset value as of the reporting date. Non-U.S. dollar denominated (“USD”) fund cash flows and residual values are converted to USD using the spot rate as of the reporting date. In addition, gross IRRs at the fund level will differ from those at the individual investor level as a result of, among other factors, timing of investor-level inflows and outflows. Gross IRR does not represent the return to any fund investor;
“gross IRR” of a private equity fund represents the cumulative investment-related cash flows (i) for a given investment for the fund or funds which made such investment, and (ii) for a given fund, in the relevant fund itself (and not any one investor in the fund), in each case, on the basis of the actual timing of investment inflows and outflows (for unrealized investments assuming disposition on June 30, 2021 or other date specified) aggregated on a gross basis quarterly, and the return is annualized and compounded before management fees, performance fees and certain other expenses (including interest incurred by the fund itself) and measures the returns on the fund’s investments as a whole without regard to whether all of the returns would, if distributed, be payable to the fund’s investors. In addition, gross IRRs at the fund level will differ from those at the individual investor level as a result of, among other factors, timing of investor-level inflows and outflows. Gross IRR does not represent the return to any fund investor;
“gross IRR” of a real assets fund excluding the principal finance funds represents the cumulative investment-related cash flows in the fund itself (and not any one investor in the fund), on the basis of the actual timing of cash inflows and outflows (for unrealized investments assuming disposition on June 30, 2021 or other date specified) starting on the date that each investment closes, and the return is annualized and compounded before management fees, performance fees, and certain other expenses (including interest incurred by the fund itself) and measures the returns on the fund’s investments as a whole without regard to whether all of the returns would, if distributed, be payable to the fund’s investors. Non-USD fund cash flows and residual values are converted to USD using the spot rate as of the reporting date. In addition, gross IRRs at the fund level will differ from those at the individual investor level as a result of, among other factors, timing of investor-level inflows and outflows. Gross IRR does not represent the return to any fund investor;
“gross return” of a credit or real assets fund is the monthly or quarterly time-weighted return that is equal to the percentage change in the value of a fund’s portfolio, adjusted for all contributions and withdrawals (cash flows) before the effects of management fees, incentive fees allocated to the general partner, or other fees and expenses. Returns for credit funds are calculated for all funds and accounts in the respective strategies excluding assets for Athene, Athora and certain other entities where we manage or may manage a significant portion of the total company assets. Returns of CLOs represent the gross returns on assets. Returns over multiple periods are calculated by geometrically linking each period’s return over time;
“Holdings” means AP Professional Holdings, L.P., a Cayman Islands exempted limited partnership through which our Co-Founders and Contributing Partners indirectly beneficially own their interests in the Apollo Operating Group units;
“inflows” represents (i) at the individual segment level, subscriptions, commitments, and other increases in available capital, such as acquisitions or leverage, net of inter-segment transfers, and (ii) on an aggregate basis, the sum of inflows across the credit, private equity and real assets segments;
“net IRR” of a credit fund and the principal finance funds within the real assets segment represents the annualized return of a fund after management fees, performance fees allocated to the general partner and certain other expenses, calculated on investors that pay such fees. The terminal value is the net asset value as of the reporting date. Non-USD fund cash flows and residual values are converted to USD using the spot rate as of the reporting date. In addition, net IRR at the fund level will differ from that at the individual investor level as a result of, among other factors, timing of investor-level inflows and outflows. Net IRR does not represent the return to any fund investor;
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“net IRR” of a private equity fund means the gross IRR applicable to a fund, including returns for related parties which may not pay fees or performance fees, net of management fees, certain expenses (including interest incurred or earned by the fund itself) and realized performance fees all offset to the extent of interest income, and measures returns at the fund level on amounts that, if distributed, would be paid to investors of the fund. The timing of cash flows applicable to investments, management fees and certain expenses, may be adjusted for the usage of a fund’s subscription facility. To the extent that a fund exceeds all requirements detailed within the applicable fund agreement, the estimated unrealized value is adjusted such that a percentage of up to 20.0% of the unrealized gain is allocated to the general partner of such fund, thereby reducing the balance attributable to fund investors. In addition, net IRR at the fund level will differ from that at the individual investor level as a result of, among other factors, timing of investor-level inflows and outflows. Net IRR does not represent the return to any fund investor;
“net IRR” of a real assets fund excluding the principal finance funds represents the cumulative cash flows in the fund (and not any one investor in the fund), on the basis of the actual timing of cash inflows received from and outflows paid to investors of the fund (assuming the ending net asset value as of June 30, 2021 or other date specified is paid to investors), excluding certain non-fee and non-performance fee bearing parties, and the return is annualized and compounded after management fees, performance fees, and certain other expenses (including interest incurred by the fund itself) and measures the returns to investors of the fund as a whole.  Non-USD fund cash flows and residual values are converted to USD using the spot rate as of the reporting date. In addition, net IRR at the fund level will differ from that at the individual investor level as a result of, among other factors, timing of investor-level inflows and outflows. Net IRR does not represent the return to any fund investor;
“net return” of a credit or real assets fund represents the gross return after management fees, performance fees allocated to the general partner, or other fees and expenses. Returns over multiple periods are calculated by geometrically linking each period’s return over time;
“performance allocations”, “performance fees”, “performance revenues”, “incentive fees” and “incentive income” refer to interests granted to Apollo by an Apollo fund that entitle Apollo to receive allocations, distributions or fees which are based on the performance of such fund or its underlying investments;
“permanent capital vehicles” refers to (a) assets that are owned by or related to Athene or Athora, (b) assets that are owned by or related to MidCap FinCo Designated Activity Company (“MidCap”) and managed by Apollo, (c) assets of publicly traded vehicles managed by Apollo such as Apollo Investment Corporation (“AINV”), Apollo Commercial Real Estate Finance, Inc. (“ARI”), Apollo Tactical Income Fund Inc. (“AIF”), and Apollo Senior Floating Rate Fund Inc. (“AFT”), in each case that do not have redemption provisions or a requirement to return capital to investors upon exiting the investments made with such capital, except as required by applicable law and (d) a non-traded business development company from which Apollo earns certain investment-related service fees. The investment management agreements of AINV, AIF and AFT have one year terms, are reviewed annually and remain in effect only if approved by the boards of directors of such companies or by the affirmative vote of the holders of a majority of the outstanding voting shares of such companies, including in either case, approval by a majority of the directors who are not “interested persons” as defined in the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the “Investment Company Act”). In addition, the investment management agreements of AINV, AIF and AFT may be terminated in certain circumstances upon 60 days’ written notice. The investment management agreement of ARI has a one year term and is reviewed annually by ARI’s board of directors and may be terminated under certain circumstances by an affirmative vote of at least two-thirds of ARI’s independent directors. The investment management or advisory arrangements between each of MidCap and Apollo, Athene and Apollo, and Athora and Apollo, may also be terminated under certain circumstances. The agreement pursuant to which Apollo earns certain investment-related service fees from a non-traded business development company may be terminated under certain limited circumstances;
“private equity fund appreciation (depreciation)” refers to gain (loss) and income for the traditional private equity funds (as defined below), Apollo Natural Resources Partners, L.P. (together with its alternative investment vehicles, “ANRP I”), Apollo Natural Resources Partners II, L.P. (together with its alternative investment vehicles, “ANRP II”), Apollo Natural Resources Partners III, L.P. (together with its parallel vehicles and alternative investment vehicles, “ANRP III”), Apollo Special Situations Fund, L.P., AION Capital Partners Limited (“AION”) and Apollo Hybrid Value Fund, L.P. (together with its parallel funds and alternative investment vehicles, “HVF I”) for the periods presented on a total return basis before giving effect to fees and expenses. The performance percentage is determined by dividing (a) the change in the fair value of investments over the period presented, minus the change in invested capital over the period presented, plus the realized value for the period presented, by (b) the beginning unrealized value for the period presented plus the change in invested capital for the period presented. Returns over multiple periods are calculated by geometrically linking each period’s return over time;
“private equity investments” refer to (i) direct or indirect investments in existing and future private equity funds managed or sponsored by Apollo, (ii) direct or indirect co-investments with existing and future private equity funds managed or sponsored by Apollo, (iii) direct or indirect investments in securities which are not immediately capable of resale in a public market that
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Apollo identifies but does not pursue through its private equity funds, and (iv) investments of the type described in (i) through (iii) above made by Apollo funds;
“Realized Value” refers to all cash investment proceeds received by the relevant Apollo fund, including interest and dividends, but does not give effect to management fees, expenses, incentive compensation or performance fees to be paid by such Apollo fund;
“Redding Ridge” refers to Redding Ridge Asset Management, LLC and its subsidiaries, which is a standalone, self-managed asset management business established in connection with risk retention rules that manages CLOs and retains the required risk retention interests;
“Remaining Cost” represents the initial investment of the fund in a portfolio investment, reduced for any return of capital distributed to date on such portfolio investment;
“Total Invested Capital” refers to the aggregate cash invested by the relevant Apollo fund and includes capitalized costs relating to investment activities, if any, but does not give effect to cash pending investment or available for reserves and excludes amounts, if any, invested on a financed basis with leverage facilities;
“Total Value” represents the sum of the total Realized Value and Unrealized Value of investments;
“traditional private equity funds” refers to Apollo Investment Fund I, L.P. (“Fund I”), AIF II, L.P. (“Fund II”), a mirrored investment account established to mirror Fund I and Fund II for investments in debt securities (“MIA”), Apollo Investment Fund III, L.P. (together with its parallel funds, “Fund III”), Apollo Investment Fund IV, L.P. (together with its parallel fund, “Fund IV”), Apollo Investment Fund V, L.P. (together with its parallel funds and alternative investment vehicles, “Fund V”), Apollo Investment Fund VI, L.P. (together with its parallel funds and alternative investment vehicles, “Fund VI”), Apollo Investment Fund VII, L.P. (together with its parallel funds and alternative investment vehicles, “Fund VII”), Apollo Investment Fund VIII, L.P. (together with its parallel funds and alternative investment vehicles, “Fund VIII”) and Apollo Investment Fund IX, L.P. (together with its parallel funds and alternative investment vehicles, “Fund IX”);
“Unrealized Value” refers to the fair value consistent with valuations determined in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”), for investments not yet realized and may include payments in kind, accrued interest and dividends receivable, if any, and before the effect of certain taxes.  In addition, amounts include committed and funded amounts for certain investments; and
“Vintage Year” refers to the year in which a fund’s final capital raise occurred, or, for certain funds, the year of a fund’s effective date or the year in which a fund’s investment period commences pursuant to its governing agreements.
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PART I—FINANCIAL INFORMATION
ITEM 1. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
APOLLO GLOBAL MANAGEMENT, INC.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION (UNAUDITED)
AS OF JUNE 30, 2021 AND DECEMBER 31, 2020
(dollars in thousands, except share data)
As of
June 30, 2021		As of
December 31, 2020
Assets:
Cash and cash equivalents$1,824,712 $1,555,517 
Restricted cash and cash equivalents1,524,902 17,708 
U.S. Treasury securities, at fair value— 816,985 
Investments (includes performance allocations of $2,736,493 and $1,624,156 as of June 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively)7,910,519 4,995,411 
Assets of consolidated variable interest entities:
Cash and cash equivalents805,736 893,306 
Investments, at fair value13,659,631 13,316,016 
Other assets167,989 290,264 
Incentive fees receivable13,802 5,231 
Due from related parties425,927 462,383 
Deferred tax assets, net235,118 539,244 
Other assets494,455 364,963 
Lease assets361,597 295,098 
Goodwill116,958 116,958 
Total Assets$27,541,346 $23,669,084 
Liabilities, Redeemable non-controlling interests and Stockholders’ Equity
Liabilities:
Accounts payable and accrued expenses$141,688 $119,982 
Accrued compensation and benefits169,554 82,343 
Deferred revenue74,946 30,369 
Due to related parties439,662 608,469 
Profit sharing payable1,521,906 842,677 
Debt3,154,289 3,155,221 
Liabilities of consolidated variable interest entities:
Debt, at fair value8,077,288 8,660,515 
Notes payable2,498,748 2,471,971 
Other liabilities912,439 773,045 
Other liabilities511,750 295,612 
Lease liabilities409,930 332,915 
Total Liabilities17,912,200 17,373,119 
Commitments and Contingencies (see note 15)
Redeemable non-controlling interests:
Redeemable non-controlling interests1,416,711 782,702 
Stockholders’ Equity:
Apollo Global Management, Inc. Stockholders’ Equity:
Series A Preferred Stock, 11,000,000 shares issued and outstanding as of June 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020264,398 264,398 
Series B Preferred Stock, 12,000,000 shares issued and outstanding as of June 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020289,815 289,815 
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Class A Common Stock, $0.00001 par value, 90,000,000,000 shares authorized, 231,366,321 and 228,873,449 shares issued and outstanding as of June 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively— — 
Class B Common Stock, $0.00001 par value, 999,999,999 shares authorized, 1 share issued and outstanding as of June 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020— — 
Class C Common Stock, $0.00001 par value, 1 share authorized, 1 share issued and outstanding as of June 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020— — 
Additional paid in capital822,612 877,173 
Retained earnings990,798 — 
Accumulated other comprehensive loss(2,542)(2,071)
Total Apollo Global Management, Inc. Stockholders’ Equity2,365,081 1,429,315 
Non-Controlling Interests in consolidated entities2,838,121 2,275,728 
Non-Controlling Interests in Apollo Operating Group3,009,233 1,808,220 
Total Stockholders’ Equity8,212,435 5,513,263 
Total Liabilities, Redeemable non-controlling interests and Stockholders’ Equity$27,541,346 $23,669,084 
See accompanying notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.
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APOLLO GLOBAL MANAGEMENT, INC.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS (UNAUDITED)
FOR THE THREE AND SIX MONTHS ENDED JUNE 30, 2021 AND 2020
(dollars in thousands, except share data)

For the Three Months Ended
June 30,		For the Six Months Ended
June 30,
 2021202020212020
Revenues:
Management fees$470,092 $409,953 $927,277 $806,557 
Advisory and transaction fees, net86,351 61,957 142,699 98,920 
Investment income (loss):
Performance allocations735,139 924,599 2,130,486 (809,724)
Principal investment income (loss)76,425 111,621 458,391 (76,228)
Total investment income (loss)811,564 1,036,220 2,588,877 (885,952)
Incentive fees14,318 205 18,172 19,724 
Total Revenues1,382,325 1,508,335 3,677,025 39,249 
Expenses:
Compensation and benefits:
Salary, bonus and benefits181,299 151,019 355,929 290,288 
Equity-based compensation52,998 59,420 109,446 111,542 
Profit sharing expense361,247 375,959 1,016,727 (260,039)
Total compensation and benefits595,544 586,398 1,482,102 141,791 
Interest expense34,814 32,291 69,613 63,533 
General, administrative and other115,838 83,729 215,688 168,251 
Placement fees591 359 1,128 768 
Total Expenses746,787 702,777 1,768,531 374,343 
Other Income (Loss):
Net gains (losses) from investment activities913,394 268,667 1,266,545 (995,884)
Net gains (losses) from investment activities of consolidated variable interest entities145,403 57,862 257,997 (108,058)
Interest income645 3,994 1,443 11,928 
Other income (loss), net4,531 3,327 (13,219)(13,180)
Total Other Income (Loss)1,063,973 333,850 1,512,766 (1,105,194)
Income (loss) before income tax (provision) benefit1,699,511 1,139,408 3,421,260 (1,440,288)
Income tax (provision) benefit(194,051)(140,323)(397,297)155,530 
Net Income (Loss)1,505,460 999,085 3,023,963 (1,284,758)
Net (income) loss attributable to Non-Controlling Interests(847,733)(552,756)(1,687,346)734,869 
Net Income (Loss) Attributable to Apollo Global
Management, Inc.		657,727 446,329 1,336,617 (549,889)
Series A Preferred Stock Dividends(4,383)(4,383)(8,766)(8,766)
Series B Preferred Stock Dividends(4,781)(4,782)(9,562)(9,563)
Net Income (Loss) Attributable to Apollo Global
Management, Inc. Class A Common Stockholders		$648,563 $437,164 $1,318,289 $(568,218)
Net Income (Loss) Per Share of Class A Common Stock:
Net Income (Loss) Available to Class A Common Stock – Basic$2.70 $1.84 $5.51 $(2.55)
Net Income (Loss) Available to Class A Common Stock – Diluted$2.70 $1.84 $5.51 $(2.55)
Weighted Average Number of Shares of Class A Common Stock Outstanding – Basic231,058,813 227,653,988 230,534,073 227,205,866 
Weighted Average Number of Shares of Class A Common Stock Outstanding – Diluted231,058,813 227,653,988 230,534,073 227,205,866 

See accompanying notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.
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APOLLO GLOBAL MANAGEMENT, INC.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF
COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS) (UNAUDITED)
FOR THE THREE AND SIX MONTHS ENDED JUNE 30, 2021 AND 2020
(dollars in thousands, except share data)

For the Three Months Ended
June 30,		For the Six Months Ended
June 30,
2021202020212020
Net Income (Loss)$1,505,460 $999,085 $3,023,963 $(1,284,758)
Other Comprehensive Income (Loss), net of tax:
Currency translation adjustments, net of tax3,711 6,943 (11,436)1,128 
Net gain from change in fair value of cash flow hedge instruments52 50 102 101 
Net gain (loss) on available-for-sale securities (148)3,552 670 (1,348)
Total Other Comprehensive Income (Loss), net of tax3,615 10,545 (10,664)(119)
Comprehensive Income (Loss)1,509,075 1,009,630 3,013,299 (1,284,877)
Comprehensive (Income) Loss attributable to Non-Controlling Interests(851,304)(558,979)(1,677,153)735,687 
Comprehensive Income (Loss) Attributable to Apollo Global Management, Inc.$657,771 $450,651 $1,336,146 $(549,190)

See accompanying notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.
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APOLLO GLOBAL MANAGEMENT, INC.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES
IN STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY (UNAUDITED)
FOR THE THREE AND SIX MONTHS ENDED JUNE 30, 2021 AND 2020
(dollars in thousands, except share data)

 Apollo Global Management, Inc. Stockholders    
 Class A Common StockClass B Common StockClass C Common StockSeries A Preferred StockSeries B Preferred StockAdditional
Paid in
Capital		Accumulated DeficitAccumulated
Other
Comprehensive Loss		Total Apollo
Global
Management,
Inc.
Shareholders’
Equity		Non-
Controlling
Interests in
Consolidated
Entities		Non-
Controlling
Interests in
Apollo
Operating
Group		Total Stockholders’ Equity
Balance at April 1, 2020228,834,099 1 1 $264,398 $289,815 $1,085,949 $(1,075,323)$(8,201)$556,638 $2,122,281 $820,115 $3,499,034 
Dilution impact of issuance of Class A Common Stock— — — — — 126 — — 126 — — 126 
Capital increase related to equity-based compensation— — — — — 47,539 — — 47,539 — — 47,539 
Capital contributions— — — — — — — — — 38,826 — 38,826 
Dividends/ Distributions— — — (4,383)(4,782)(99,789)— — (108,954)(98,633)(128,662)(336,249)
Payments related to issuances of Class A Common Stock for equity-based awards355,616 — — — — (1,383)(15,586)— (16,969)— — (16,969)
Net income (loss)— — — 4,383 4,782 — 437,164 — 446,329 41,068 511,688 999,085 
Currency translation adjustments, net of tax— — — — — — — 2,178 2,178 4,328 437 6,943 
Net gain from change in fair value of cash flow hedge instruments— — — — — — — 26 26 — 24 50 
Net income on available-for-sale securities — — — — — — — 2,118 2,118 — 1,434 3,552 
Balance at June 30, 2020229,189,715 1 1 $264,398 $289,815 $1,032,442 $(653,745)$(3,879)$929,031 $2,107,870 $1,205,036 $4,241,937 
Balance at January 1, 2020222,994,407 1 1 $264,398 $289,815 $1,302,587 $— $(4,578)$1,852,222 $281,904 $904,001 $3,038,127 
Equity transaction with Athene Holding— — — — — (54,868)— — (54,868)— 1,214,577 1,159,709 
Consolidation of VIEs— — — — — — — — — 1,895,095 — 1,895,095 
Dilution impact of issuance of Class A Common Stock— — — — — 8,329 — — 8,329 — — 8,329 
Capital increase related to equity-based compensation— — — — — 93,230 — — 93,230 — — 93,230 
Capital contributions— — — — — — — — — 181,853 — 181,853 
Dividends/ Distributions— — — (8,766)(9,563)(312,638)— — (330,967)(127,570)(284,300)(742,837)
Payments related to issuances of Class A Common Stock for equity-based awards3,151,903 — — — — 28,991 (85,527)— (56,536)— — (56,536)
Repurchase of Class A Common Stock(2,194,095)— — — — (64,205)— — (64,205)— — (64,205)
Exchange of AOG Units for Class A Common Stock5,237,500 — — — — 31,016 — — 31,016 — (16,967)14,049 
Net income (loss)— — — 8,766 9,563 — (568,218)— (549,889)(123,341)(611,528)(1,284,758)
Currency translation adjustments, net of tax— — — — — — — 1,381 1,381 (71)(182)1,128 
Net gain from change in fair value of cash flow hedge instruments— — — — — — — 54 54 — 47 101 
Net loss on available-for-sale securities— — — — — — — (736)(736)— (612)(1,348)
Balance at June 30, 2020229,189,715 1 1 $264,398 $289,815 $1,032,442 $(653,745)$(3,879)$929,031 $2,107,870 $1,205,036 $4,241,937 

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 Apollo Global Management, Inc. Stockholders    
 Class A Common StockClass B Common StockClass C Common StockSeries A Preferred StockSeries B Preferred StockAdditional
Paid in
Capital		Retained EarningsAccumulated
Other
Comprehensive Loss		Total Apollo
Global
Management,
Inc.
Shareholders’
Equity		Non-
Controlling
Interests in
Consolidated
Entities		Non-
Controlling
Interests in
Apollo
Operating
Group		Total
Stockholders’
Equity
Balance at April 1, 2021232,222,572 1 1 $264,398 $289,815 $908,195 $477,343 $(2,586)$1,937,165 $3,114,805 $2,446,171 $7,498,141 
Deconsolidation of VIEs— — — — — — — — — (125,215)— (125,215)
Accretion of redeemable non-controlling interests— — — — — (15,981)— — (15,981)— — (15,981)
Dilution impact of issuance of Class A Common Stock— — — — — (38)— — (38)— — (38)
Capital increase related to equity-based compensation— — — — — 40,975 — — 40,975 — — 40,975 
Capital contributions— — — — — — — — — 191,435 — 191,435 
Dividends/ Distributions— — — (4,383)(4,781)— (119,536)— (128,700)(462,485)(162,224)(753,409)
Payments related to issuances of Class A Common Stock for equity-based awards397,782 — — — — 3,214 (15,572)— (12,358)— — (12,358)
Repurchase of Class A Common Stock(2,144,713)— — — — (122,703)— — (122,703)— — (122,703)
Exchange of AOG Units for Class A Common Stock890,680 — — — — 8,950 — — 8,950 — (6,437)2,513 
Net income— — — 4,383 4,781 — 648,563 — 657,727 116,276 731,457 1,505,460 
Currency translation adjustments, net of tax— — — — — — — 105 105 3,305 301 3,711 
Net gain from change in fair value of cash flow hedge instruments— — — — — — — 28 28 — 24 52 
Net loss on available-for-sale securities— — — — — — — (89)(89)— (59)(148)
Balance at June 30, 2021231,366,321 1 1 $264,398 $289,815 $822,612 $990,798 $(2,542)$2,365,081 $2,838,121 $3,009,233 $8,212,435 
Balance at January 1, 2021228,873,449 1 1 $264,398 $289,815 $877,173 $— $(2,071)$1,429,315 $2,275,728 $1,808,220 $5,513,263 
Deconsolidation of VIEs— — — — — — — — — (125,215)— (125,215)
Accretion of redeemable non-controlling interests— — — — — (42,643)— — (42,643)— — (42,643)
Dilution impact of issuance of Class A Common Stock— — — — — (1,295)— — (1,295)— — (1,295)
Capital increase related to equity-based compensation— — — — — 86,258 — — 86,258 — — 86,258 
Capital contributions— — — — — — — — — 1,012,418 — 1,012,418 
Dividends/ Distributions— — — (8,766)(9,562)— (263,818)— (282,146)(501,968)(283,624)(1,067,738)
Payments related to issuances of Class A Common Stock for equity-based awards1,817,390 — — — — 3,214 (63,673)— (60,459)— — (60,459)
Repurchase of Class A Common Stock(2,144,713)— — — — (122,703)— — (122,703)— — (122,703)
Exchange of AOG Units for Class A Common Stock2,820,195 — — — — 22,608 — — 22,608 — (15,358)7,250 
Net income— — — 8,766 9,562 — 1,318,289 — 1,336,617 186,854 1,500,492 3,023,963 
Currency translation adjustments, net of tax— — — — — — — (928)(928)(9,696)(812)(11,436)
Net gain from change in fair value of cash flow hedge instruments— — — — — — — 55 55 — 47 102 
Net income on available-for-sale securities— — — — — — — 402 402 — 268 670 
Balance at June 30, 2021231,366,321 1 1 $264,398 $289,815 $822,612 $990,798 $(2,542)$2,365,081 $2,838,121 $3,009,233 $8,212,435 
See accompanying notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.
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APOLLO GLOBAL MANAGEMENT, INC.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS (UNAUDITED)
FOR THE SIX MONTHS ENDED JUNE 30, 2021 AND 2020
(dollars in thousands, except share data)
For the Six Months Ended
June 30,
20212020
Cash Flows from Operating Activities:
Net income (loss)$3,023,963 $(1,284,758)
Adjustments to reconcile net income (loss) to net cash provided by operating activities:
Equity-based compensation 109,446 111,542 
Depreciation and amortization 13,030 8,549 
Unrealized (gains) losses from investment activities(1,257,530)994,434 
Principal investment (income) loss(458,391)76,228 
Performance allocations(2,130,486)809,724 
Change in fair value of contingent obligations22,310 (547)
Gain from change in tax receivable agreement liability(1,941)— 
Deferred taxes, net 348,318 (180,016)
Non-cash lease expense22,841 26,288 
Other non-cash amounts included in net income (loss), net(9,888)7,180 
Cash flows due to changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Incentive fees receivable(8,572)1,550 
Due from related parties(111,694)(73,671)
Accounts payable and accrued expenses 21,706 25,570 
Accrued compensation and benefits 87,211 74,430 
Deferred revenue 44,577 (19,798)
Due to related parties (10,557)(911)
Profit sharing payable 670,033 (258,316)
Lease liability(12,321)(14,265)
Other assets and other liabilities, net125,481 (27,588)
Cash distributions of earnings from principal investments94,784 12,276 
Cash distributions of earnings from performance allocations741,660 200,846 
Satisfaction of contingent obligations(13,114)(12,870)
Apollo Funds and VIE related:
Net realized and unrealized (gains) losses from investing activities and debt(344,628)319,347 
Cash transferred from consolidated VIEs— 502,153 
Deconsolidation of VIEs(2,998)— 
Purchases of investments (2,434,817)(1,349,102)
Proceeds from sale of investments2,195,453 1,158,433 
Changes in other assets and other liabilities, net369,288 (169,334)
Net Cash Provided by Operating Activities $1,093,164 $937,374 
Cash Flows from Investing Activities:
Purchases of fixed assets$(13,246)$(37,619)
Acquisitions— 48,518 
Proceeds from sale of investments3,235 21,855 
Purchase of investments(37,168)(522,432)
Purchase of U.S. Treasury securities— (1,056,827)
Proceeds from maturities of U.S. Treasury securities— 840,020 
Cash contributions to equity method investments (148,085)(159,781)
Cash distributions from equity method investments150,906 91,892 
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Issuance of related party loans— (315)
Other investing activities(615)(241)
Apollo Funds and VIE related:
Purchase of U.S. Treasury securities(817,077)— 
Proceeds from maturities of U.S. Treasury Securities1,633,886 — 
Net Cash Provided by (Used in) Investing Activities $771,836 $(774,930)
Cash Flows from Financing Activities:
Principal repayments of debt$— $(16,990)
Dividends to Preferred Stockholders(18,328)(18,329)
Issuance of debt— 518,756 
Satisfaction of tax receivable agreement(39,884)(48,195)
Repurchase of Class A Common Stock(122,703)(64,205)
Payments related to deliveries of Class A Common Stock for RSUs (63,673)(85,527)
Dividends paid (263,818)(312,638)
Distributions paid to Non-Controlling Interests in Apollo Operating Group (283,624)(284,300)
Issuance of related party loans— 28,280 
Repayment of related party loans— (28,280)
Other financing activities, net(1,601)(8,690)
Apollo Funds and VIE related:
Issuance of debt773,961 821,573 
Principal repayment of debt(1,330,790)(716,184)
Issuances of debt within other liabilities of consolidated VIEs— 67,459 
Distributions paid to Non-Controlling Interests in consolidated entities(500,483)(125,208)
Contributions from Non-Controlling Interests in consolidated entities 1,012,492 181,687 
Proceeds from issuance of Class A Units of SPAC690,000 — 
Payment of underwriting discounts(27,730)— 
Net Cash Used in Financing Activities $(176,181)$(90,791)
Net Increase in Cash and Cash Equivalents, Restricted Cash and Cash Equivalents, and Cash and Cash Equivalents Held at Consolidated Variable Interest Entities1,688,819 71,653 
Cash and Cash Equivalents, Restricted Cash and Cash Equivalents, and Cash and Cash Equivalents Held at Consolidated Variable Interest Entities, Beginning of Period 2,466,531 1,621,310 
Cash and Cash Equivalents, Restricted Cash and Cash Equivalents, and Cash and Cash Equivalents Held at Consolidated Variable Interest Entities, End of Period $4,155,350 $1,692,963 
Supplemental Disclosure of Cash Flow Information:
Interest paid$67,615 $60,837 
Interest paid by consolidated variable interest entities132,113 116,365 
Income taxes paid38,478 16,399 
Supplemental Disclosure of Non-Cash Investing Activities:
Non-cash distributions from principal investments$146,352 $(4,642)
Non-cash purchases of other investments, at fair value— 1,153,316 
Non-cash loss on Athene equity swap— (61,261)
Acquisition of goodwill— 663 
Contingent consideration— (6,208)
Supplemental Disclosure of Non-Cash Financing Activities:
Capital increases related to equity-based compensation $86,258 $93,230 
Issuance of restricted shares3,214 28,991 
Non-cash issuance of AOG units to Athene— 1,214,577 
Other non-cash financing activities(1,295)8,329 
Net Assets Transferred from Consolidated Variable Interest Entity:
Investments, at fair value$— $9,061,907 
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Other assets— 130,907 
Debt, at fair value— (6,829,326)
Other liabilities— (967,575)
Non-Controlling interest in consolidated entities related to acquisition — (1,898,067)
Net Assets Deconsolidated from Consolidated Variable Interest Entities and Funds:
Cash and cash equivalents$4,925 $— 
Investments, at fair value229,717 — 
Other assets755 — 
Notes payable(107,500)— 
Other liabilities(2,682)— 
Non-Controlling interest in consolidated entities(125,215)— 
Adjustments related to exchange of Apollo Operating Group units:
Deferred tax assets$45,479 $76,580 
Due to related parties(38,229)(62,531)
Additional paid in capital(7,250)(14,049)
Non-Controlling Interest in Apollo Operating Group15,358 16,967 
Reconciliation of Cash and Cash Equivalents, Restricted Cash and Cash Equivalents, and Cash and Cash Equivalents Held at Consolidated Variable Interest Entities to the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition:
Cash and cash equivalents$1,824,712 $939,824 
Restricted cash and cash equivalents1,524,902 81,378 
Cash and cash equivalents held at consolidated variable interest entities805,736 671,761 
Total Cash and Cash Equivalents, Restricted Cash and Cash Equivalents, and Cash and Cash Equivalents Held at Consolidated Variable Interest Entities$4,155,350 $1,692,963 

See accompanying notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.
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APOLLO GLOBAL MANAGEMENT, INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)
(dollars in thousands, except share data, except where noted)

1. ORGANIZATION
Apollo Global Management, Inc. (“AGM Inc.”, together with its consolidated subsidiaries, the “Company” or “Apollo”) is a global alternative investment manager whose predecessor was founded in 1990. Its primary business is to raise, invest and manage credit, private equity and real assets funds as well as strategic investment accounts, on behalf of pension, endowment and sovereign wealth funds, as well as other institutional and individual investors. For these investment management services, Apollo receives management fees generally related to the amount of assets managed, transaction and advisory fees, incentive fees and performance allocations related to the performance of the respective funds that it manages. Apollo has three primary business segments:
•Credit—primarily invests in non-control corporate and structured debt instruments including performing, stressed and distressed investments across the capital structure;
•Private equity—primarily invests in control equity and related debt instruments, convertible securities and distressed debt investments; and
•Real assets—primarily invests in (i) real estate equity and infrastructure equity for the acquisition and recapitalization of real estate and infrastructure assets, portfolios, platforms and operating companies, (ii) real estate and infrastructure debt including first mortgage and mezzanine loans, preferred equity and commercial mortgage backed securities and (iii) European performing and non-performing loans, and unsecured consumer loans.
Organization of the Company
As of June 30, 2021, the Company owned, through five intermediate holding companies that include APO Corp., a Delaware corporation that is a domestic corporation for U.S. federal income tax purposes, APO Asset Co., LLC, a Delaware limited liability company that is treated as a corporation for U.S. federal income tax purposes, APO (FC), LLC, an Anguilla limited liability company that is a disregarded entity for U.S. federal income tax purposes, APO (FC II), LLC, an Anguilla limited liability company that is a disregarded entity for U.S. federal income tax purposes, and APO (FC III), LLC, a Cayman Islands limited liability company that is a disregarded entity for U.S. federal income tax purposes (collectively, the “Intermediate Holding Companies”), 53.5% of the economic interests of, and operated and controlled all of the businesses and affairs of, the Apollo Operating Group.
AP Professional Holdings, L.P., a Cayman Islands exempted limited partnership (“Holdings”), is an entity through which the Co-Founders and certain of the Company’s other current and former partners (the “Contributing Partners”) indirectly beneficially own interests in each of the entities that comprise the Apollo Operating Group. As of June 30, 2021, Holdings owned 39.8% of the economic interests in the Apollo Operating Group. The Company consolidates the financial results of the Apollo Operating Group and its consolidated subsidiaries. Holdings’ ownership interest in the Apollo Operating Group is reflected as a Non-Controlling Interest in the accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements.
Athene and Apollo Strategic Transaction
On February 28, 2020, pursuant to a transaction agreement (the “Transaction Agreement”) between Athene Holding, AGM Inc. and the entities that form the Apollo Operating Group, the Apollo Operating Group issued 29,154,519 non-voting equity interests of the Apollo Operating Group to Athene Holding. As a result, as of June 30, 2021, Athene Holding owned 6.7% of the economic interests in the Apollo Operating Group. See note 14 for further disclosure regarding the Transaction Agreement.
As noted further in note 14, Apollo purchased a 17% incremental equity ownership stake in Athene, bringing Apollo’s beneficial ownership in Athene to 28%, at the close of the transaction. This has resulted in Apollo’s indirect ownership in certain VIEs, through Athene, being considered significant such that the Company has the power to direct the activities that most significantly impact the economic performance of these VIEs.
Apollo and Athene Merger and Corporate Conversion
On March 8, 2021, AGM Inc. entered into an Agreement and Plan of Merger (the “Merger Agreement”) with AHL, Tango Holdings, Inc., a Delaware corporation and a direct wholly owned subsidiary of AGM Inc. (“HoldCo”), Blue Merger Sub, Ltd., a Bermuda exempted company and a direct wholly owned subsidiary of HoldCo (“AHL Merger Sub”), and Green
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APOLLO GLOBAL MANAGEMENT, INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)
(dollars in thousands, except share data, except where noted)
Merger Sub, Inc., a Delaware corporation and a direct wholly owned subsidiary of HoldCo (“AGM Merger Sub” and together with AHL Merger Sub, the “Merger Subs”).
At the closing of the transaction (the “Closing”), AHL Merger Sub will merge with and into AHL (the “AHL Merger”), with AHL as the surviving entity in the AHL Merger and a direct wholly owned subsidiary of HoldCo (the “AHL Surviving Entity”), and AGM Merger Sub will merge with and into Apollo (the “AGM Merger” and, together with the AHL Merger, the “Mergers”) with AGM as the surviving entity in the AGM Merger and a direct wholly owned subsidiary of HoldCo (the “AGM Surviving Entity”). Upon consummation of the Mergers, AGM and AHL will be direct wholly owned subsidiaries of HoldCo, which will be renamed “Apollo Global Management, Inc.” The transaction is expected to close in January of 2022. The transaction requires the approval of stockholders of both Apollo and AHL, and is subject to, among other things, regulatory approvals, and other customary closing conditions. See note 14 for further disclosure regarding the Merger Agreement.
In addition, on March 9, 2021, AGM Inc. entered into a binding governance term sheet with the Co-Founders pursuant to which it was agreed, among other things, that the Company will convert its corporate structure to a single class of common stock with one vote per share. The change will take effect at closing of the Mergers, subject to regulatory and stockholder approvals, and will result in the exchange of Apollo’s Apollo Operating Group units for a combination of Class A shares and cash, and the reorganization of Apollo Global Management, Inc. from an umbrella partnership C corporation (“Up-C”) structure to a C-corporation with a single class of common stock.
2. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES
Basis of Presentation
The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements are prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”) for interim financial information and instructions to Form 10-Q. The condensed consolidated financial statements and these notes are unaudited and exclude some of the disclosures required in annual financial statements. Management believes it has made all necessary adjustments (consisting only of normal recurring items) so that the condensed consolidated financial statements are presented fairly and that estimates made in preparing its condensed consolidated financial statements are reasonable and prudent. The operating results presented for interim periods are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for any other interim period or for the entire year. These condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the annual financial statements included in the 2020 Annual Report.
The condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company, its wholly-owned or majority-owned subsidiaries, the consolidated entities which are considered to be variable interest entities (“VIEs”) and for which the Company is considered the primary beneficiary, and certain entities which are not considered VIEs but which the Company controls through a majority voting interest. Intercompany accounts and transactions, if any, have been eliminated upon consolidation.
Certain reclassifications, when applicable, have been made to the prior periods’ condensed consolidated financial statements and notes to conform to the current period’s presentation and are disclosed accordingly.
Consolidation
The types of entities with which Apollo is involved generally include subsidiaries (e.g., general partners and management companies related to the funds the Company manages), entities that have all the attributes of an investment company (e.g., funds), special purpose acquisition companies (“SPACs”) and securitization vehicles (e.g., CLOs). Each of these entities is assessed for consolidation on a case by case basis depending on the specific facts and circumstances surrounding that entity.
Pursuant to the consolidation guidance, the Company first evaluates whether it holds a variable interest in an entity. Fees that are customary and commensurate with the level of services provided, and where the Company does not hold other economic interests in the entity that would absorb more than an insignificant amount of the expected losses or returns of the entity, would not be considered a variable interest. Apollo factors in all economic interests, including proportionate interests through related parties, to determine if such interests are considered a variable interest. As Apollo’s interests in many of these entities are solely through market rate fees and/or insignificant indirect interests through related parties, Apollo is not considered to have a variable interest in many of these entities and no further consolidation analysis is performed. For entities
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NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)
(dollars in thousands, except share data, except where noted)
where the Company has determined that it does hold a variable interest, the Company performs an assessment to determine whether each of those entities qualify as a VIE.
The determination as to whether an entity qualifies as a VIE depends on the facts and circumstances surrounding each entity and therefore certain of Apollo’s funds may qualify as VIEs under the variable interest model whereas others may qualify as voting interest entities (“VOEs”) under the voting interest model. The granting of substantive kick-out rights is a key consideration in determining whether a limited partnership or similar entity is a VIE and whether or not that entity should be consolidated.
Under the variable interest model, Apollo consolidates those entities where it is determined that the Company is the primary beneficiary of the entity. The Company is determined to be the primary beneficiary when it has a controlling financial interest in the VIE, which is defined as possessing both (i) the power to direct the activities of the VIE that most significantly impact the VIE’s economic performance and (ii) the obligation to absorb losses of the VIE or the right to receive benefits from the VIE that could potentially be significant. When Apollo alone is not considered to have a controlling financial interest in the VIE but Apollo and its related parties under common control in the aggregate have a controlling financial interest in the VIE, Apollo will be deemed the primary beneficiary if it is the party that is most closely associated with the VIE. When Apollo and its related parties not under common control in the aggregate have a controlling financial interest in the VIE, Apollo would be deemed to be the primary beneficiary if substantially all the activities of the entity are performed on behalf of Apollo.
Apollo determines whether it is the primary beneficiary of a VIE at the time it becomes initially involved with the VIE and reconsiders that conclusion continuously. Investments and redemptions (either by Apollo, related parties of Apollo or third parties) or amendments to the governing documents of the respective entity may affect an entity’s status as a VIE or the determination of the primary beneficiary.
Assets and liabilities of the consolidated VIEs are primarily shown in separate sections within the condensed consolidated statements of financial condition. Changes in the fair value of the consolidated VIEs’ assets and liabilities and related interest, dividend and other income and expenses are presented within net gains from investment activities of consolidated variable interest entities in the condensed consolidated statements of operations. The portion attributable to Non-Controlling Interests is reported within net income attributable to Non-Controlling Interests in the condensed consolidated statements of operations. For additional disclosures regarding VIEs, see note 5.
Under the voting interest model, Apollo consolidates those entities it controls through a majority voting interest. Apollo does not consolidate those VOEs in which substantive kick-out rights have been granted to the unrelated investors to either dissolve the fund or remove the general partner.
Cash and Cash Equivalents
Apollo considers all highly liquid short-term investments with original maturities of three months or less when purchased to be cash equivalents. Cash and cash equivalents include money market funds and U.S. Treasury securities with original maturities of three months or less when purchased. Interest income from cash and cash equivalents is recorded in interest income in the condensed consolidated statements of operations. The carrying values of the money market funds and U.S. Treasury securities were $1.2 billion and $1.2 billion as of June 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively, which represent their fair values due to their short-term nature and are categorized as Level I within the fair value hierarchy. Substantially all of the Company’s cash on deposit is in interest bearing accounts with major financial institutions and exceed insured limits.
Restricted Cash and Cash Equivalents
Restricted cash and cash equivalents includes cash held in reserve accounts used to make required payments in respect of the 2039 Senior Secured Guaranteed Notes. Restricted cash and cash equivalents also includes cash deposited at a bank, which is pledged as collateral in connection with leased premises.
Restricted cash and cash equivalents of Apollo Strategic Growth Capital (“APSG”), a consolidated SPAC, are held in a trust account and consist of U.S Treasury bills with original maturities of three months or less when purchased, that were purchased with funds raised through the initial public offering of the consolidated entity. The $0.8 billion in funds as of June 30, 2021 are restricted for use and may only be used for purposes of completing an initial business combination or redemption of public shares as set forth in APSG’s trust agreement. Restricted cash and cash equivalents of Apollo Strategic Growth Capital II (“APSG II”), a consolidated SPAC, are held in a trust account and include money market funds that were
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NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)
(dollars in thousands, except share data, except where noted)
purchased with funds raised through the initial public offering of the consolidated entity. The $0.7 billion in funds as of June 30, 2021 are restricted for use and may only be used for purposes of completing an initial business combination or redemption of public shares as set forth in APSG II’s trust agreement.
U.S. Treasury securities, at fair value
U.S. Treasury securities, at fair value includes U.S. Treasury bills with original maturities greater than three months when purchased. These securities are recorded at fair value. Interest income on such securities is separately presented from the overall change in fair value and is recognized in interest income in the condensed consolidated statements of operations. Any remaining change in fair value of such securities, that is not recognized as interest income, is recognized in net gains (losses) from investment activities in the condensed consolidated statements of operations.
Fair Value of Financial Instruments
Apollo has elected the fair value option for the Company’s investment in Athene Holding, the assets and liabilities of certain of its consolidated VIEs (including CLOs), the Company’s U.S. Treasury securities with original maturities greater than three months when purchased, and certain of the Company’s other investments. Such election is irrevocable and is applied to financial instruments on an individual basis at initial recognition.
The fair value of a financial instrument is the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date under current market conditions.
Except for the Company’s debt obligations, financial instruments are generally recorded at fair value or at amounts whose carrying values approximate fair value. The actual realized gains or losses will depend on, among other factors, future operating results, the value of the assets and market conditions at the time of disposition, any related transaction costs and the timing and manner of sale, all of which may ultimately differ significantly from the assumptions on which the valuations were based.
Fair Value Hierarchy
U.S. GAAP establishes a hierarchical disclosure framework which prioritizes and ranks the level of market price observability used in measuring financial instruments at fair value. Market price observability is affected by a number of factors, including the type of financial instrument, the characteristics specific to the financial instrument and the state of the marketplace, including the existence and transparency of transactions between market participants. Financial instruments with readily available quoted prices in active markets generally will have a higher degree of market price observability and a lesser degree of judgment used in measuring fair value.
Financial instruments measured and reported at fair value are classified and disclosed based on the observability of inputs used in the determination of fair values, as follows:
Level I - Quoted prices are available in active markets for identical financial instruments as of the reporting date. The types of financial instruments included in Level I include listed equities and debt. The Company does not adjust the quoted price for these financial instruments, even in situations where the Company holds a large position and the sale of such position would likely deviate from the quoted price.
Level II - Pricing inputs are other than quoted prices in active markets, which are either directly or indirectly observable as of the reporting date, and fair value is determined through the use of models or other valuation methodologies. Financial instruments that are generally included in this category include corporate bonds and loans, less liquid and restricted equity securities and certain over-the-counter derivatives where the fair value is based on observable inputs. These financial instruments exhibit higher levels of liquid market observability as compared to Level III financial instruments.
Level III - Pricing inputs are unobservable for the financial instrument and includes situations where there is little observable market activity for the financial instrument. The inputs into the determination of fair value may require significant management judgment or estimation. Financial instruments that are included in this category generally include general and limited partner interests in corporate private equity and real assets funds, opportunistic credit funds, distressed debt and non-investment grade residual interests in securitizations and CDOs and CLOs where the fair value is based on observable inputs as well as unobservable inputs.
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NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)
(dollars in thousands, except share data, except where noted)
When a security is valued based on broker quotes, the Company subjects those quotes to various criteria in making the determination as to whether a particular financial instrument would qualify for classification as Level II or Level III. These criteria include, but are not limited to, the number and quality of the broker quotes, the standard deviations of the observed broker quotes, and the percentage deviation from external pricing services.
In certain cases, the inputs used to measure fair value may fall into different levels of the fair value hierarchy. In such cases, a financial instrument’s level within the fair value hierarchy is based on the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement. The Company’s assessment of the significance of a particular input to the fair value measurement in its entirety requires judgment and considers factors specific to the financial instrument when the fair value is based on unobservable inputs.
Equity Method Investments
For investments in entities over which the Company exercises significant influence but which do not meet the requirements for consolidation and for which the Company has not elected the fair value option, the Company uses the equity method of accounting, whereby the Company records its share of the underlying income or loss of such entities. The Company’s share of the underlying net income or loss of such entities is recorded in principal investment income (loss) in the condensed consolidated statements of operations.
The carrying amounts of equity method investments are recorded in investments in the condensed consolidated statements of financial condition. As the underlying entities that the Company manages and invests in are, for U.S. GAAP purposes, primarily investment companies which reflect their investments at estimated fair value, the carrying value of the Company’s equity method investments in such entities approximates fair value.
Financial Instruments held by Consolidated VIEs
The Company measures both the financial assets and financial liabilities of the consolidated CLOs in its condensed consolidated financial statements using the fair value of the financial assets or financial liabilities of the consolidated CLOs, whichever are more observable.
Where financial assets are more observable, the financial assets of the consolidated CLOs are measured at fair value and the financial liabilities are measured in consolidation as: (i) the sum of the fair value of the financial assets and the carrying value of any nonfinancial assets that are incidental to the operations of the CLOs less (ii) the sum of the fair value of any beneficial interests retained by the Company (other than those that represent compensation for services) and the Company’s carrying value of any beneficial interests that represent compensation for services. The resulting amount is allocated to the individual financial liabilities (other than the beneficial interest retained by the Company) using a reasonable and consistent methodology.
Where financial liabilities are more observable, the financial liabilities of the consolidated CLOs are measured at fair value and the financial assets are measured in consolidation as: (i) the sum of the fair value of the financial liabilities, and the carrying value of any nonfinancial liabilities that are incidental to the operations of the CLOs less (ii) the carrying value of any nonfinancial assets that are incidental to the operations of the CLOs. The resulting amount is allocated to the individual financial assets using a reasonable and consistent methodology.
Under the measurement alternative, net income attributable to Apollo Global Management, Inc. reflects the Company’s own economic interests in the consolidated CLOs including (i) changes in the fair value of the beneficial interests retained by the Company and (ii) beneficial interests that represent compensation for collateral management services.
The consolidated VIEs hold investments that could be traded over-the-counter. Investments in securities that are traded on a securities exchange or comparable over-the-counter quotation systems are valued based on the last reported sale price at that date. If no sales of such investments are reported on such date, and in the case of over-the-counter securities or other investments for which the last sale date is not available, valuations are based on independent market quotations obtained from market participants, recognized pricing services or other sources deemed relevant, and the prices are based on the average of the “bid” and “ask” prices, or at ascertainable prices at the close of business on such day. Market quotations are generally based on valuation pricing models or market transactions of similar securities adjusted for security-specific factors such as relative capital structure priority and interest and yield risks, among other factors. When market quotations are not available, a model based approach is used to determine fair value.
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NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)
(dollars in thousands, except share data, except where noted)
Certain consolidated VIEs have applied the fair value option for certain investments in private debt securities that otherwise would not have been carried at fair value with gains and losses in net income.
Deferred Revenue
Apollo records deferred revenue, which is a type of contract liability, when consideration is received in advance of management services provided.
Apollo also earns management fees subject to the Management Fee Offset (described below). When advisory and transaction fees are earned by the management company, the Management Fee Offset reduces the management fee obligation of the fund. When the Company receives cash for advisory and transaction fees, a certain percentage of such advisory and/or transaction fees, as applicable, is allocated as a credit to reduce future management fees, otherwise payable by such fund. Such credit is recorded as deferred revenue in the condensed consolidated statements of financial condition. A portion of any excess advisory and transaction fees may be required to be returned to the limited partners of certain funds upon such fund’s liquidation. As the management fees earned by the Company are presented on a gross basis, any Management Fee Offsets calculated are presented as a reduction to advisory and transaction fees in the condensed consolidated statements of operations.
Additionally, Apollo earns advisory fees pursuant to the terms of the advisory agreements with certain of the portfolio companies that are owned by the funds Apollo manages. When Apollo receives a payment from a portfolio company that exceeds the advisory fees earned at that point in time, the excess payment is recorded as deferred revenue in the condensed consolidated statements of financial condition. The advisory agreements with the portfolio companies vary in duration and the associated fees are received monthly, quarterly or annually.
Deferred revenue is reversed and recognized as revenue over the period that the agreed upon services are performed. There was $23.5 million of revenue recognized during the six months ended June 30, 2021 that was previously deferred as of January 1, 2021.
Under the terms of the funds’ partnership agreements, Apollo is normally required to bear organizational expenses over a set dollar amount and placement fees or costs in connection with the offering and sale of interests in the funds it manages to investors. The placement fees are payable to placement agents, who are independent third parties that assist in identifying potential investors, securing commitments to invest from such potential investors, preparing or revising offering and marketing materials, developing strategies for attempting to secure investments by potential investors and/or providing feedback and insight regarding issues and concerns of potential investors, when a limited partner either commits or funds a commitment to a fund. In cases where the limited partners of the funds are determined to be the customer in an arrangement, placement fees may be capitalized as a cost to acquire a customer contract, and amortized over the life of the customer contract. Capitalized placement fees are recorded within other assets in the condensed consolidated statements of financial condition, while amortization is recorded within placement fees in the condensed consolidated statements of operations. In certain instances, the placement fees are paid over a period of time. Based on the management agreements with the funds, Apollo considers placement fees and organizational costs paid in determining if cash has been received in excess of the management fees earned. Placement fees and organizational costs are normally the obligation of Apollo but can be paid for by the funds. When these costs are paid by the fund, the resulting obligations are included within deferred revenue. The deferred revenue balance will also be reduced during future periods when management fees are earned but not paid.
Redeemable non-controlling interests
Redeemable non-controlling interests represent the shares issued by APSG and APSG II, the consolidated SPACs, that are redeemable for cash by the public shareholders in connection with the SPACs’ failure to complete a business combination or tender offer/stockholder approval provisions. The redeemable non-controlling interests are initially recorded at their original issue price, net of issuance costs and the initial fair value of separately traded warrants. The carrying amount is accreted to its redemption value over the period from the date of issuance to the earliest redemption date of the instrument. These increases are recorded against additional paid-in capital.
Revenues
The Company’s revenues are reported in four separate categories that include (i) management fees; (ii) advisory and transaction fees, net; (iii) investment income, which is comprised of performance allocations and principal investment income; and (iv) incentive fees.
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NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)
(dollars in thousands, except share data, except where noted)
The revenue guidance requires that an entity should recognize revenue to depict the transfer of promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the entity expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services (i.e., the transaction price). When determining the transaction price under the revenue guidance, an entity may recognize variable consideration only to the extent that it is probable to not be significantly reversed. The revenue guidance also requires disclosures to help users of financial statements better understand the nature, amount, timing, and uncertainty of revenue that is recognized.
Performance allocations are accounted for under guidance applicable to equity method investments, and therefore not within the scope of the revenue guidance. The Company recognizes performance allocations within investment income along with the related principal investment income (as further described below) in the condensed consolidated statements of operations and within the investments line in the condensed consolidated statements of financial condition.

Refer to disclosures below for additional information on each of the Company’s revenue streams.
Management Fees
Management fees are recognized over time during the periods in which the related services are performed in accordance with the contractual terms of the related agreement. Management fees are generally based on (1) a percentage of the capital committed during the commitment period, and thereafter based on the remaining invested capital of unrealized investments, or (2) net asset value, gross assets or as otherwise defined in the respective agreements. Included in management fees are certain expense reimbursements where the Company is considered the principal under the agreements and is required to record the expense and related reimbursement revenue on a gross basis.
Advisory and Transaction Fees, Net
Advisory fees, including management consulting fees and directors’ fees, are generally recognized over time as the underlying services are provided in accordance with the contractual terms of the related agreement. The Company receives such fees in exchange for ongoing management consulting services provided to portfolio companies of funds it manages. Transaction fees, including structuring fees and arranging fees related to the Company’s funds, portfolio companies of funds and third parties are generally recognized at a point in time when the underlying services rendered are complete.
The amounts due from fund portfolio companies are recorded in due from related parties on the condensed consolidated statements of financial condition, which is discussed further in note 14. Under the terms of the limited partnership agreements for certain funds, the management fee payable by the funds may be subject to a reduction based on a certain percentage of such advisory and transaction fees, net of applicable broken deal costs (“Management Fee Offset”). Advisory and transaction fees are presented net of the Management Fee Offset in the condensed consolidated statements of operations.
Underwriting fees, which are also included within advisory and transaction fees, net, include gains, losses and fees, arising from securities offerings in which one of the Company’s subsidiaries participates in the underwriter syndicate. Underwriting fees are recognized at a point in time when the underwriting is completed. Underwriting fees recognized but not received are recorded in other assets on the condensed consolidated statements of financial condition.
During the normal course of business, the Company incurs certain costs related to certain transactions that are not consummated (“broken deal costs”). These costs (e.g., research costs, due diligence costs, professional fees, legal fees and other related items) are determined to be broken deal costs upon management’s decision to no longer pursue the transaction. In accordance with the related fund agreement, in the event the deal is deemed broken, all of the costs are reimbursed by the funds and then included as a component of the calculation of the Management Fee Offset. If a deal is successfully completed, Apollo is reimbursed by the fund or fund’s portfolio company for all costs incurred and no offset is generated. As the Company acts as an agent for the funds it manages, any transaction costs incurred and paid by the Company on behalf of the respective funds relating to successful or broken deals are recorded net on the Company’s condensed consolidated statements of operations, and any receivable from the respective funds is recorded in due from related parties on the condensed consolidated statements of financial condition.
Investment Income
Investment income is comprised of performance allocations and principal investment income.
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NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)
(dollars in thousands, except share data, except where noted)
Performance Allocations
Performance allocations are a type of performance revenue (i.e., income earned based on the extent to which an entity’s performance exceeds predetermined thresholds). Performance allocations are generally structured from a legal standpoint as an allocation of capital in which the Company’s capital account receives allocations of the returns of an entity when those returns exceed predetermined thresholds. The determination of which performance revenues are considered performance allocations is primarily based on the terms of an agreement with the entity.
The Company recognizes performance allocations within investment income along with the related principal investment income (as described further below) in the condensed consolidated statements of operations and within the investments line in the condensed consolidated statements of financial condition.
When applicable, the Company may record a general partner obligation to return previously distributed performance allocations. The general partner obligation is based upon an assumed liquidation of a fund’s net assets as of the reporting date and is reported within due to related parties on the condensed consolidated statements of financial condition. The actual determination and any required payment of any such general partner obligation would not take place until the final disposition of a fund’s investments based on the contractual termination of the fund or as otherwise set forth in the respective limited partnership agreement or other governing document of the fund.
Principal Investment Income
Principal investment income includes the Company’s income or loss from equity method investments and certain other investments in entities in which the Company is generally eligible to receive performance allocations. Income from equity method investments includes the Company’s share of net income or loss generated from its investments, which are not consolidated, but in which the Company exerts significant influence.
Incentive Fees
Incentive fees are a type of performance revenue. Incentive fees differ from performance allocations in that incentive fees do not represent an allocation of capital but rather a contractual fee arrangement with the entity.
Incentive fees are considered a form of variable consideration as they are subject to clawback or reversal and therefore must be deferred until the fees are probable to not be significantly reversed. Accrued but unpaid incentive fees are reported within incentive fees receivable in the Company’s condensed consolidated statements of financial condition. The Company’s incentive fees primarily relate to the credit segment and are generally received from CLOs, managed accounts and AINV.
Compensation and Benefits
Salaries, Bonus and Benefits
Salaries, bonus and benefits include base salaries, discretionary and non-discretionary bonuses, severance and employee benefits. Bonuses are generally accrued over the related service period.
Equity-Based Compensation
Equity-based awards granted to employees and non-employees as compensation are measured based on the grant date fair value of the award. Equity-based awards that do not require future service (i.e., vested awards) are expensed immediately. Equity-based employee awards that require future service are expensed over the relevant service period. In addition, certain restricted share units (“RSUs”) granted by the Company vest based on both continued service and the Company’s receipt of performance revenues, within prescribed periods, sufficient to cover the associated equity-based compensation expense. In accordance with U.S. GAAP, equity-based compensation expense for such awards, if and when granted, will be recognized on an accelerated recognition method over the requisite service period to the extent the performance revenue metrics are met or deemed probable. The Company accounts for forfeitures of equity-based awards when they occur.
Profit Sharing
Profit sharing expense and profit sharing payable primarily consist of a portion of performance revenues earned from certain funds that are allocated to employees and former employees. Profit sharing amounts are recognized as the related
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FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)
(dollars in thousands, except share data, except where noted)
performance revenues are earned. Accordingly, profit sharing amounts can be reversed during periods when there is a decline in performance revenues that were previously recognized.
Profit sharing amounts are generally not paid until the related performance revenue is distributed to the general partner upon realization of the fund’s investments. Under certain profit sharing arrangements, the Company requires that a portion of certain of the performance revenues distributed to its employees be used to purchase restricted Class A Common Stock issued under the Company’s Equity Plan. Prior to distribution of the performance revenue, the Company records the value of the equity-based awards expected to be granted in other assets and other liabilities within the condensed consolidated statements of financial condition. Such equity-based awards are recorded as equity-based compensation expense over the relevant service period once granted.
Additionally, profit sharing amounts previously distributed may be subject to clawback from employees and former employees. When applicable, the accrual for potential clawback of previously distributed profit sharing amounts, which is a component of due from related parties on the condensed consolidated statements of financial condition, represents all amounts previously distributed to employees and former employees that would need to be returned to the general partner if the Apollo funds were to be liquidated based on the fair value of the underlying funds’ investments as of the reporting date. The actual general partner receivable, however, would not become realized until the final disposition of a fund’s investments based on the contractual termination of the fund or as otherwise set forth in the respective limited partnership agreement or other governing document of the fund.
Profit sharing payable also includes contingent consideration obligations that were recognized in connection with certain Apollo acquisitions. Changes in the fair value of the contingent consideration obligations are reflected in the Company’s condensed consolidated statements of operations as profit sharing expense.
The Company has a performance-based incentive arrangement for certain Apollo partners and employees designed to more closely align compensation on an annual basis with the overall realized performance of the Company. This arrangement enables certain partners and employees to earn discretionary compensation based on performance revenue earned by the Company in a given year, which amounts are reflected in profit sharing expense in the accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements. The Company may also use dividends it receives from investments in MidCap, ARI and AINV to compensate employees. These amounts are recorded as profit sharing expense in the Company’s condensed consolidated statements of operations.
401(k) Savings Plan
The Company sponsors a 401(k) savings plan (the “401(k) Plan”) whereby U.S.-based employees are entitled to participate in the 401(k) Plan based upon satisfying certain eligibility requirements. The Company matches 50% of eligible annual employee contributions up to 3% of the eligible employees’ annual compensation. Matching contributions vest after three years of service.
General, Administrative and Other
General, administrative and other primarily includes professional fees, occupancy, depreciation and amortization, travel, information technology and administration expenses.
Income Taxes
Effective September 5, 2019, Apollo Global Management, LLC converted from a Delaware limited liability company to a Delaware corporation named Apollo Global Management, Inc. Subsequent to the conversion, generally all of the income it earns from the Apollo Operating Group (“AOG”) entities is subject to U.S. corporate income taxes. Certain of the AOG entities operate as partnerships for U.S. income tax purposes and are subject to New York City unincorporated business taxes (“NYC UBT”). Certain non-U.S. entities are also subject to non-U.S. corporate income taxes.
Significant judgment is required in determining tax expense and in evaluating tax positions, including evaluating uncertainties. The Company recognizes the tax benefit of uncertain tax positions only where the position is “more likely than not” to be sustained upon examination, including resolution of any related appeals or litigation processes, based on the technical merits of the position. The tax benefit is measured as the largest amount of benefit that has a greater than 50% likelihood of being realized upon ultimate settlement. If a tax position is not considered more likely than not to be sustained, then no benefits
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NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)
(dollars in thousands, except share data, except where noted)
of the position are recognized. The Company’s tax positions are reviewed and evaluated quarterly to determine whether the Company has uncertain tax positions that require financial statement recognition.
Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the expected future tax consequences of differences between the carrying amount of assets and liabilities and their respective tax basis using currently enacted tax rates. The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates is recognized in income in the period during which the change is enacted. Deferred tax assets are reduced by a valuation allowance when it is more likely than not that all or a portion of the deferred tax assets will not be realized.
Non-Controlling Interests
For entities that are consolidated, but not 100% owned, a portion of the income or loss and corresponding equity is allocated to owners other than Apollo. The aggregate of the income or loss and corresponding equity that is not owned by the Company is included in Non-Controlling Interests in the condensed consolidated financial statements. The Non-Controlling Interests relating to Apollo Global Management, Inc. include the ownership interest in the Apollo Operating Group held by Co-Founders and Contributing Partners through their limited partner interests in Holdings. Additionally, Athene holds Non-Controlling Interests in the Apollo Operating Group as a result of the Transaction Agreement. Non-Controlling Interests also include ownership interests in certain consolidated funds and VIEs.
Non-Controlling Interests are presented as a separate component of stockholders’ equity on the Company’s condensed consolidated statements of financial condition. The primary components of Non-Controlling Interests are separately presented in the Company’s condensed consolidated statements of changes in stockholders’ equity to clearly distinguish the interest in the Apollo Operating Group and other ownership interests in the consolidated entities. Net income includes the net income attributable to the holders of Non-Controlling Interests on the Company’s condensed consolidated statements of operations. Profits and losses are allocated to Non-Controlling Interests in proportion to their relative ownership interests regardless of their basis.
Guarantees
See note 15 to the condensed consolidated financial statements for information related to our material guarantees.
Use of Estimates
The preparation of the condensed consolidated financial statements requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities at the date of the condensed consolidated financial statements, the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the condensed consolidated financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting periods. Apollo’s most significant estimates include goodwill, intangible assets, income taxes, performance allocations, incentive fees, contingent consideration obligation related to an acquisition, non-cash compensation, and fair value of investments and debt. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, there has been uncertainty and disruption in the global economy and financial markets. The Company is unable to predict the adverse impact the COVID-19 pandemic will ultimately have. While such impact may change considerably over time, the estimates and assumptions affecting the Company’s condensed consolidated financial statements are based on information available as of June 30, 2021. Actual results could differ materially from those estimates.
Recent Accounting Pronouncements
In December 2019, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued guidance intended to simplify the accounting for income taxes. The new guidance eliminates certain exceptions to the existing approach in ASC 740, and clarifies other guidance within the standard; it is effective for the Company on January 1, 2021. Based on the Company’s current application of ASC 740, the guidance did not have a material impact on the condensed consolidated financial statements of the Company.
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APOLLO GLOBAL MANAGEMENT, INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)
(dollars in thousands, except share data, except where noted)
3. INVESTMENTS
The following table presents Apollo’s investments: 
As of
June 30, 2021		As of
December 31, 2020
Investments, at fair value$3,681,955 $2,360,434 
Equity method investments1,492,071 1,010,821 
Performance allocations2,736,493 1,624,156 
Total Investments$7,910,519 $4,995,411 
Investments, at Fair Value
Investments, at fair value, consist of investments for which the fair value option has been elected and primarily include the Company’s investment in Athene Holding and investments in debt of unconsolidated CLOs. Changes in the fair value related to these investments are presented in net gains (losses) from investment activities except for certain investments for which the Company is entitled to receive performance allocations. For those investments, changes in fair value are presented in principal investment income.
The Company’s equity investment in Athene Holding, for which the fair value option was elected, met the significance criteria as defined by the SEC for the three and six months ended June 30, 2021 and 2020. As such, the following tables present summarized financial information of Athene Holding:
 For the Three Months Ended June 30,For the Six Months Ended June 30,
2021202020212020
(in millions)
Statements of Operations
Revenues$6,423 $4,398 $10,814 $2,849 
Benefits and expenses4,433 3,317 8,685 3,150 
Income (loss) before income taxes1,990 1,081 2,129 (301)
Income tax expense (benefit)184 150 246 (16)
Net income (loss)1,806 931 1,883 (285)
Less: Net income (loss) attributable to non-controlling interests389 88 (148)(81)
Net income (loss) available to Athene Holding Ltd. shareholders$1,417 $843 $2,031 $(204)
Less: Preferred stock dividends35 19 71 37 
Net income (loss) available to Athene Holding Ltd. common shareholders$1,382 $824 $1,960 $(241)

Net Gains (Losses) from Investment Activities
The following table presents the realized and net change in unrealized gains (losses) reported in net gains (losses) from investment activities: 
 For the Three Months Ended June 30,For the Six Months Ended June 30,
 2021202020212020
Realized gains on sales of investments, net$1,192 $70 $1,193 $1,877 
Net change in unrealized gains (losses) due to changes in fair value912,202 268,597 1,265,352 (997,761)
Net gains (losses) from investment activities$913,394 $268,667 $1,266,545 $(995,884)
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APOLLO GLOBAL MANAGEMENT, INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)
(dollars in thousands, except share data, except where noted)
Equity Method Investments
Apollo’s equity method investments include its investments in the credit, private equity and real assets funds it manages, which are not consolidated, but in which the Company exerts significant influence. Apollo’s share of net income generated by these investments is recorded in principal investment income in the condensed consolidated statements of operations.
Equity method investments consisted of the following:
 Equity Held as of
 June 30, 2021
(5)
December 31, 2020
(5)
Credit(1)(2)
$472,320 $258,952 
Private Equity(3)
938,439 672,430 
Real Assets81,312 79,439 
Total equity method investments(4)
$1,492,071 $1,010,821 
(1)    The equity method investment in AINV was $39.7 million and $40.4 million as of June 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively. The value of the Company’s investment in AINV was $37.7 million and $30.8 million based on the quoted market price of AINV as of June 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively.
(2)    The equity method investment in VA Capital Company, LLC was $323.5 million and $113.5 million as of June 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively.
(3)    The equity method investment in Fund VIII was $318.4 million and $343.3 million as of June 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively, representing an ownership percentage of 2.2% and 2.2% as of June 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively. The equity method investment in Fund IX was $268.0 million and $134.4 million as of June 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively, representing an ownership percentage of 1.9% and 1.9% as of June 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively.
(4)    Certain funds invest across multiple segments. The presentation in the table above is based on the classification of the majority of such funds’ investments.
(5)    Some amounts included are a quarter in arrears.
Performance Allocations
Performance allocations receivable recorded within investments in the condensed consolidated statements of financial condition from credit, private equity and real assets funds consisted of the following: 
As of June 30, 2021As of December 31, 2020
Credit$484,010 $465,153 
Private Equity2,100,537 1,040,827 
Real Assets151,946 118,176 
Total performance allocations$2,736,493 $1,624,156 
The table below provides a roll forward of the performance allocations balance:
CreditPrivate EquityReal AssetsTotal
Performance allocations, January 1, 2021$465,153 $1,040,827 $118,176 $1,624,156 
Change in fair value of funds273,442 1,522,069 58,486 1,853,997 
Fund distributions to the Company(254,585)(462,359)(24,716)(741,660)
Performance allocations, June 30, 2021$484,010 $2,100,537 $151,946 $2,736,493 
The change in fair value of funds excludes the general partner obligation to return previously distributed performance allocations, which is recorded in due to related parties in the condensed consolidated statements of financial condition. See note 14 for further disclosure regarding the general partner obligation.
The timing of the payment of performance allocations due to the general partner or investment manager varies depending on the terms of the applicable fund agreements. Generally, performance allocations with respect to the private equity funds and certain credit and real assets funds are payable and are distributed to the fund’s general partner upon realization of an investment if the fund’s cumulative returns are in excess of the preferred return.
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APOLLO GLOBAL MANAGEMENT, INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)
(dollars in thousands, except share data, except where noted)
4. PROFIT SHARING PAYABLE
Profit sharing payable consisted of the following:
As of June 30, 2021As of December 31, 2020
Credit$435,211 $356,375 
Private Equity1,009,378 422,079 
Real Assets77,317 64,223 
Total profit sharing payable$1,521,906 $842,677 
The table below provides a roll-forward of the profit sharing payable balance:
CreditPrivate EquityReal AssetsTotal
Profit sharing payable, January 1, 2021$356,375 $422,079 $64,223 $842,677 
Profit sharing expense189,553 740,289 30,415 960,257 
Payments/other(110,717)(152,990)(17,321)(281,028)
Profit sharing payable, June 30, 2021$435,211 $1,009,378 $77,317 $1,521,906 
     Profit sharing expense includes (i) changes in amounts payable to employees and former employees entitled to a share of performance revenues in Apollo’s funds and (ii) changes to the fair value of the contingent consideration obligations recognized in connection with certain Apollo acquisitions. Profit sharing expense excludes the potential return of profit sharing distributions that would be due if certain funds were liquidated, which is recorded in due from related parties in the condensed consolidated statements of financial condition. See note 14 for further disclosure regarding the potential return of profit sharing distributions.
As discussed in note 2, under certain profit sharing arrangements, the Company requires that a portion of certain of the performance revenues distributed to its employees be used to purchase restricted shares of Class A Common Stock issued under its Equity Plan. Prior to distribution of the performance revenues, the Company records the value of the equity-based awards expected to be granted in other assets and other liabilities within the condensed consolidated statements of financial condition. See note 7 for further disclosure regarding deferred equity-based compensation.
5. VARIABLE INTEREST ENTITIES
As described in note 2, the Company consolidates entities that are VIEs for which the Company has been designated as the primary beneficiary.
Consolidated Variable Interest Entities
As noted further in note 14, Apollo purchased a 17% incremental equity ownership stake in Athene on February 28, 2020, bringing Apollo’s beneficial ownership in Athene to approximately 28.4% as of June 30, 2021. This has resulted in Apollo’s indirect ownership through Athene in several VIEs being considered significant and therefore Apollo has consolidated the financial positions and results of operations of such VIEs given that the Company also has the power to direct the activities that most significantly impact the economic performance of these VIEs.
Consolidated VIEs include certain CLOs as well as certain funds managed by the Company. Through its role as collateral manager, investment manager or general partner of these VIEs, the Company has the power to direct the activities that most significantly impact the economic performance of these VIEs. In addition, the Company’s combined interests in these VIEs are significant. The assets are not available to creditors of the Company, and the investors in these consolidated VIEs have no recourse against the assets of the Company. There is no recourse to the Company for the consolidated VIEs’ liabilities.
The Company measures the fair value of the financial assets and the financial liabilities of the CLOs using the fair value of either the financial assets or financial liabilities, whichever is more observable (see note 2 for further discussion). The Company has elected the fair value option for financial instruments held by its consolidated CLOs, which includes investments in loans and corporate bonds, as well as debt obligations and contingent obligations. Other assets include amounts due from
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APOLLO GLOBAL MANAGEMENT, INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)
(dollars in thousands, except share data, except where noted)
brokers and interest receivables. Other liabilities include payables for securities purchased, which represent open trades within the consolidated CLOs and primarily relate to corporate loans that are expected to settle within 60 days.
The consolidated funds managed by the Company are investment companies and their investments, which include equity securities as well as debt securities, are held at fair value. Other assets of the consolidated funds include interest receivables and receivables from affiliates. Other liabilities include debt held at amortized cost as well as short-term payables.
Included within liabilities of the consolidated VIEs are notes payable related to certain funds managed by the Company. Each series of notes in a respective consolidated VIE participates in distributions from the VIE, including principal and interest from underlying investments, in accordance with the terms of the note series. Amounts allocated to the noteholders reflect amounts that would be distributed if the VIE’s affairs were wound up and its assets sold for cash equal to their respective carrying values, its liabilities satisfied in accordance with their terms, and all the remaining amounts distributed to the noteholders. The respective VIEs that issue the notes payable are marked at their prevailing net asset value, which approximates fair value.
Results from certain funds managed by the Company are reported on a three month lag based upon the availability of financial information.
Net Gains (Losses) from Investment Activities of Consolidated Variable Interest Entities
The following table presents net gains from investment activities of the consolidated VIEs:
 For the Three Months Ended
June 30,		For the Six Months Ended
June 30,
 2021
(1)
2020
(1)
2021
(1)
2020
(1)
Net gains (losses) from investment activities$51,173 $478,480 $355,574 $(500,744)
Net gains (losses) from debt(2,519)(353,182)(11,527)181,269 
Interest and other income228,420 84,609 362,758 236,051 
Interest and other expenses(131,671)(152,045)(448,808)(24,634)
Net gains (losses) from investment activities of consolidated variable interest entities$145,403 $57,862 $257,997 $(108,058)
(1)Amounts reflect consolidation eliminations.
Senior Secured Notes, Subordinated Notes and Secured Borrowings
Included within debt, at fair value and other liabilities are amounts due to third-party institutions by the consolidated VIEs. The following table summarizes the principal provisions of those amounts:
 As of June 30, 2021As of December 31, 2020
 Principal OutstandingWeighted Average Interest RateWeighted Average Remaining Maturity in YearsPrincipal OutstandingWeighted Average Interest RateWeighted Average Remaining Maturity in Years
Senior Secured Notes(2)
$4,851,818 1.98 %12.9$5,350,198 2.10 %6.0
Subordinated Notes(2)
3,453,339 5.03 %
(1)
323,389,375 5.08 %
(1)
21.1
Secured Borrowings(2)(3)
109,606 2.18 %0.4236,698 2.41 %0.3
Total$8,414,763 $8,976,271 
(1)As of June 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, $0.7 billion and $0.6 billion, respectively, of the principal outstanding balance of the subordinated notes do not have contractual interest rates but instead receive distributions from the excess cash flows of the VIEs.
(2)The notes and borrowings of the consolidated VIEs are collateralized by assets held by each respective vehicle and assets of one vehicle may not be used to satisfy the liabilities of another vehicle. As of June 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, the fair value of these consolidated VIEs’ assets were $9.1 billion and $9.6 billion, respectively.
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APOLLO GLOBAL MANAGEMENT, INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)
(dollars in thousands, except share data, except where noted)
(3)As of June 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, secured borrowings consist of consolidated VIEs’ obligations through a repurchase agreement redeemable at maturity with third party lenders. The fair value of the secured borrowings as of June 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020 approximates principal outstanding due to the short term nature of the borrowings. These secured borrowings are classified as a Level III liability within the fair value hierarchy.
The consolidated VIEs’ debt obligations contain various customary loan covenants. As of June 30, 2021, the Company was not aware of any instances of non-compliance with any of these covenants.
As of June 30, 2021, except for the secured borrowings, the contractual maturities for debt of the consolidated VIEs are greater than 10 years.
Variable Interest Entities Which are Not Consolidated
The Company holds variable interests in certain VIEs which are not consolidated, as it has been determined that Apollo is not the primary beneficiary.
The following table presents the carrying amounts of the assets and liabilities of the VIEs for which Apollo has concluded that it holds a significant variable interest, but that it is not the primary beneficiary. In addition, the table presents the maximum exposure to losses relating to these VIEs.
As of
June 30, 2021
(2)
As of
December 31, 2020
Assets:
Cash$299,882 $354,109 
Investments 4,153,458 4,154,057 
Receivables68,564 34,800 
Total Assets$4,521,904 $4,542,966 
Liabilities:
Debt and other payables$1,315,315 $1,229,345 
Total Liabilities$1,315,315 $1,229,345 
Apollo Exposure(1)
$157,106 $155,273 
(1)Represents Apollo’s direct investment in those entities in which Apollo holds a significant variable interest and certain other investments. Additionally, cumulative performance allocations are subject to reversal in the event of future losses, as discussed in note 15.
(2)Some amounts included are a quarter in arrears.
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APOLLO GLOBAL MANAGEMENT, INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)
(dollars in thousands, except share data, except where noted)
6. FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS OF FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS
The following tables summarize the Company’s financial assets and financial liabilities recorded at fair value by fair value hierarchy level:
 As of June 30, 2021
Level ILevel IILevel IIITotalCost
Assets
U.S. Treasury securities, at fair value$1,492,112 $— $— $1,492,112 $1,492,104 
Investments, at fair value:
Investment in Athene Holding— 3,208,968 — 3,208,968 2,092,247 
Other investments37,365 45,835 389,787 
(1)
472,987 391,178 
Total investments, at fair value37,365 3,254,803 389,787 3,681,955 2,483,425 
Investments of VIEs, at fair value5,321 1,534,816 11,877,952 13,418,089 
Investments of VIEs, valued using NAV— — — 241,542 
Total investments of VIEs, at fair value5,321 1,534,816 11,877,952 13,659,631 
Total Assets$1,534,798 $4,789,619 $12,267,739 $18,833,698 
Liabilities
Debt of VIEs, at fair value$— $893,650 $7,183,638 $8,077,288 
Other liabilities of VIEs, at fair value— 4,060 22,536 26,596 
Contingent consideration obligations(3)
— — 128,984 128,984 
Other liabilities(4)
51,389 — — 51,389 
Total Liabilities$51,389 $897,710 $7,335,158 $8,284,257 

 As of December 31, 2020
Level ILevel IILevel IIITotalCost
Assets
U.S. Treasury securities, at fair value$1,816,958 $— $— $1,816,958 $1,816,635 
Investments, at fair value:
Investment in Athene Holding— 1,942,574 — 1,942,574 2,092,247 
Other investments— 48,088 369,772 
(1)
417,860 354,010 
Total investments, at fair value— 1,990,662 369,772 2,360,434 2,446,257 
Investments of VIEs, at fair value2,558 2,140,135 10,962,980 13,105,673 
Investments of VIEs, valued using NAV— — — 210,343 
Total investments of VIEs, at fair value2,558 2,140,135 10,962,980 13,316,016 
Derivative assets(2)
— 17 — 17 
Total Assets$1,819,516 $4,130,814 $11,332,752 $17,493,425 
Liabilities
Debt of VIEs, at fair value$— $1,580,097 $7,080,418 $8,660,515 
Other liabilities of VIEs, at fair value— 3,874 20,202 24,076 
Contingent consideration obligations(3)
— — 119,788 119,788 
Derivative liabilities(2)
— 100 — 100 
Total Liabilities$— $1,584,071 $7,220,408 $8,804,479 
(1)    Other investments as of June 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020 excludes $93.3 million and $44.4 million, respectively, of performance allocations classified as Level III related to certain investments for which the Company has elected the fair value option. The Company’s policy is to account for performance allocations as investments.
(2)    Derivative assets and derivative liabilities are presented as a component of Other assets and Other liabilities, respectively, in the condensed consolidated statements of financial condition.
(3)    Profit sharing payable includes contingent obligations classified as Level III.
(4)    Other liabilities includes the publicly traded warrants of APSG and APSG II.
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APOLLO GLOBAL MANAGEMENT, INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)
(dollars in thousands, except share data, except where noted)
The following tables summarize the changes in financial assets measured at fair value for which Level III inputs have been used to determine fair value:
 For the Three Months Ended June 30, 2021
Other InvestmentsInvestments of Consolidated VIEsTotal
Balance, Beginning of Period$381,277 $11,947,443 $12,328,720 
Transfer out due to deconsolidation— (229,717)(229,717)
Purchases— 692,073 692,073 
Sales of investments/distributions(3,235)(557,994)(561,229)
Net realized gains3 7,087 7,090 
Changes in net unrealized gains9,137 19,746 28,883 
Cumulative translation adjustment2,605 4,807 7,412 
Transfer into Level III(1)
— 7,219 7,219 
Transfer out of Level III(1)
— (12,712)(12,712)
Balance, End of Period$389,787 $11,877,952 $12,267,739 
Change in net unrealized gains included in net gains from investment activities related to investments still held at reporting date$9,137 $— $9,137 
Change in net unrealized gains included in net gains (losses) from investment activities of consolidated VIEs related to investments still held at reporting date— 66,050 66,050 
 For the Three Months Ended June 30, 2020
Other InvestmentsInvestments of Consolidated VIEsTotal
Balance, Beginning of Period$118,112 $7,640,903 $7,759,015 
Purchases128,551 530,348 658,899 
Sale of investments/distributions(966)(154,724)(155,690)
Settlements— (252,776)(252,776)
Net realized gains966 1,355 2,321 
Changes in net unrealized gains16,443 308,146 324,589 
Cumulative translation adjustment4,521 7,637 12,158 
Transfer into Level III(1)
— 1,706 1,706 
Transfer out of Level III(1)
(274)(67,015)(67,289)
Balance, End of Period$267,353 $8,015,580 $8,282,933 
Change in net unrealized gains included in net gains from investment activities related to investments still held at reporting date$16,442 $— $16,442 
Change in net unrealized gains included in net gains (losses) from investment activities of consolidated VIEs related to investments still held at reporting date— 70,639 70,639 
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APOLLO GLOBAL MANAGEMENT, INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)
(dollars in thousands, except share data, except where noted)
 For the Six Months Ended June 30, 2021
Other InvestmentsInvestments of Consolidated VIEsTotal
Balance, Beginning of Period$369,772 $10,962,980 $11,332,752 
Transfer out due to deconsolidation— (229,717)(229,717)
Purchases— 1,682,423 1,682,423 
Sale of investments/distributions(3,235)(805,933)(809,168)
Net realized gains1,068 12,975 14,043 
Changes in net unrealized gains29,116 332,147 361,263 
Cumulative translation adjustment(7,640)(14,248)(21,888)
Transfer into Level III(1)
706 9,885 10,591 
Transfer out of Level III(1)
— (72,560)(72,560)
Balance, End of Period$389,787 $11,877,952 $12,267,739 
Change in net unrealized gains included in principal investment income related to investments still held at reporting date$29,116 $— $29,116 
Change in net unrealized gains included in net gains (losses) from investment activities of consolidated VIEs related to investments still held at reporting date— 198,957 198,957 
 For the Six Months Ended June 30, 2020
Other InvestmentsInvestments of Consolidated VIEsTotal
Balance, Beginning of Period$113,410 $321,069 $434,479 
Transfer in due to consolidation— 7,794,128 7,794,128 
Purchases159,955 859,580 1,019,535 
Sale of investments/distributions(9,378)(183,877)(193,255)
Settlements— (437,948)(437,948)
Net realized gains1,751 121 1,872 
Changes in net unrealized losses(1,181)(334,556)(335,737)
Cumulative translation adjustment3,070 (3,784)(714)
Transfer into Level III(1)
— 70,636 70,636 
Transfer out of Level III(1)
(274)(69,789)(70,063)
Balance, End of Period$267,353 $8,015,580 $8,282,933 
Change in net unrealized losses included in principal investment income related to investments still held at reporting date$(1,181)$— $(1,181)
Change in net unrealized losses included in net gains (losses) from investment activities of consolidated VIEs related to investments still held at reporting date— (47,303)(47,303)
(1)Transfers between Level II and III were a result of subjecting the broker quotes on these financial assets to various criteria which include the number and quality of broker quotes, the standard deviation of obtained broker quotes and the percentage deviation from external pricing services.
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APOLLO GLOBAL MANAGEMENT, INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)
(dollars in thousands, except share data, except where noted)
The following table summarizes the changes in fair value in financial liabilities measured at fair value for which Level III inputs have been used to determine fair value:
 
For the Three Months Ended June 30, 2021
Contingent Consideration ObligationsDebt and Other Liabilities of Consolidated VIEsTotal
Balance, Beginning of Period$113,222 $7,317,250 $7,430,472 
Issuances— 101,871 101,871 
Repayments(792)(227,251)(228,043)
Net realized losses— 10,239 10,239 
Changes in net unrealized (gains) losses(1)
16,554 (8,346)8,208 
Cumulative translation adjustment— 12,214 12,214 
Transfer into Level III(2)
— 197 197 
Balance, End of Period$128,984 $7,206,174 $7,335,158 
Change in net unrealized gains included in net gains (losses) from investment activities of consolidated VIEs related to debt and other liabilities still held at reporting date$— $(5,559)$(5,559)
 
For the Three Months Ended June 30, 2020
Contingent Consideration ObligationsDebt and Other Liabilities of Consolidated VIEsTotal
Balance, Beginning of Period$76,700 $3,795,866 $3,872,566 
Issuances— 213,828 213,828 
Repayments(219)(18,750)(18,969)
Net realized losses— 3,459 3,459 
Changes in net unrealized losses(1)
22,616 255,950 278,566 
Cumulative translation adjustment— 8,394 8,394 
Balance, End of Period$99,097 $4,258,747 $4,357,844 
Change in net unrealized losses included in net gains (losses) from investment activities of consolidated VIEs related to debt and other liabilities still held at reporting date$— $172,730 $172,730 
 
For the Six Months Ended June 30, 2021
Contingent Consideration ObligationsDebt and Other Liabilities of Consolidated VIEsTotal
Balance, Beginning of Period$119,788 $7,100,620 $7,220,408 
Issuances— 311,408 311,408 
Repayments(13,114)(271,904)(285,018)
Net realized losses— 10,730 10,730 
Changes in net unrealized losses(1)
22,310 69,146 91,456 
Cumulative translation adjustment— (14,023)(14,023)
Transfer into Level III(2)
— 197 197 
Balance, End of Period$128,984 $7,206,174 $7,335,158 
Change in net unrealized gains included in net gains (losses) from investment activities of consolidated VIEs related to debt and other liabilities still held at reporting date$— $(58,909)$(58,909)
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APOLLO GLOBAL MANAGEMENT, INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)
(dollars in thousands, except share data, except where noted)
 
For the Six Months Ended June 30, 2020
Contingent Consideration ObligationsDebt and Other Liabilities of Consolidated VIEsTotal
Balance, Beginning of Period$112,514 $— $112,514 
Transfer in due to consolidation— 4,291,286 4,291,286 
Issuances— 302,928 302,928 
Repayments(12,870)(198,750)(211,620)
Net realized losses— 3,459 3,459 
Changes in net unrealized gains(1)
(547)(142,043)(142,590)
Cumulative translation adjustment— 1,867 1,867 
Balance, End of Period$99,097 $4,258,747 $4,357,844 
Change in net unrealized gains included in net gains (losses) from investment activities of consolidated VIEs related to debt and other liabilities still held at reporting date$— $(225,263)$(225,263)
(1)Changes in fair value of contingent consideration obligations are recorded in profit sharing expense in the condensed consolidated statements of operations.
(2)Transfers between Level II and III were a result of subjecting the broker quotes on these financial assets to various criteria which include the number and quality of broker quotes, the standard deviation of obtained broker quotes and the percentage deviation from independent pricing services.

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APOLLO GLOBAL MANAGEMENT, INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)
(dollars in thousands, except share data, except where noted)
The following tables summarize the quantitative inputs and assumptions used for financial assets and liabilities categorized as Level III under the fair value hierarchy:
 As of June 30, 2021
Fair ValueValuation TechniquesUnobservable InputsRanges
Weighted Average (1)
Financial Assets
Other investments$263,237 Embedded valueN/AN/AN/A
118,178 Discounted cash flowDiscount rate16.0% - 47.5%23.0%
8,372 Third party pricingN/AN/AN/A
Investments of consolidated VIEs:
Equity securities4,222,903 Discounted cash flowDiscount rate3.1% - 23.0%10.1%
Discounted cash flowDisposition timeline10 - 52 months26.8
Discounted cash flow2 year home price index forecast(10.7%) - 17.6%4.0%
Dividend discount modelDiscount rate13.9%13.9%
Market comparable companiesP/E multiple10.4x10.4x
Market comparable companiesTBV multiple0.61x0.61x
Adjusted transaction valuePurchase multiple1.25x1.25x
Adjusted transaction valueN/AN/AN/A
Guideline public companyNTAV multiple1.25x1.25x
Guideline public companyTEV/EBITDA5.5x - 8.0x7.6x
Third Party PricingN/AN/AN/A
Bank loans3,928,257 Discounted cash flowDiscount rate1.8% - 15.6%4.1%
Adjusted transaction valueN/AN/AN/A
Third party pricingN/AN/AN/A
Profit participating notes2,638,732 Discounted cash flowDiscount rate8.7% - 12.5%12.4%
Adjusted transaction valueN/AN/AN/A
Real estate454,220 Discounted cash flowCapitalization rate4.5% - 6.0%5.7%
Discounted cash flowDiscount rate7.0% - 12.5%8.3%
Discounted cash flowTerminal capitalization rate8.3%8.3%
Direct capitalizationCapitalization rate5.5% - 8.5%6.4%
Direct capitalizationTerminal capitalization rate6.3% - 12.0%7.1%
Adjusted transaction valueN/AN/AN/A
Bonds118,160 Discounted cash flowDiscount rate4.5% - 7.2%6.5%
Third party pricingN/AN/AN/A
Convertible securities26,142 Dividend discount modelDiscount rate13.9%13.9%
Market comparable companiesP/E multiple10.0x10.0x
Market comparable companiesTBV multiple0.61x0.61x
Warrants3,380 Option modelVolatility35.0% - 60.4%47.9%
Other equity investments486,158 Third party pricingN/AN/AN/A
Adjusted transaction valueDiscount rate8.5% - 12.5%10.5%
Adjusted transaction valueN/AN/AN/A
Total Investments of Consolidated VIEs11,877,952 
Total Financial Assets$12,267,739 
Financial Liabilities
Liabilities of Consolidated VIEs:
Secured loans$4,013,342 Discounted cash flowDiscount rate1.4% - 9.6%2.6%
Subordinated notes3,148,942 Discounted cash flowDiscount rate4.5% - 11.5%5.7%
Participating equity21,354 Discounted cash flowDiscount rate15.0%15.0%
Other liabilities22,536 Discounted cash flowDiscount rate2.2% - 9.1%5.9%
Third party pricingN/AN/AN/A
Total liabilities of Consolidated VIEs:7,206,174 
Contingent Consideration Obligation128,984 Discounted cash flowDiscount rate18.5%18.5%
Total Financial Liabilities$7,335,158 
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APOLLO GLOBAL MANAGEMENT, INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)
(dollars in thousands, except share data, except where noted)
 As of December 31, 2020
Fair ValueValuation TechniquesUnobservable InputsRanges
Weighted Average (1)
Financial Assets
Other investments$254,655 Embedded valueN/AN/AN/A
107,652 Discounted cash flowDiscount rate16% - 47.5%23.4%
7,465 Third party pricingN/AN/AN/A
Investments of consolidated VIEs:
Equity securities4,339,244 Discounted cash flowDiscount rate4.4% - 15.6%7.2%
Discounted cash flowDisposition timeline8 - 52 months28.8
Discounted cash flow2 year home price index forecast(14%) - 9.6%(2.5%)
Dividend discount modelDiscount rate9.7% - 13.8%11.2%
Market comparable companiesNTAV multiple1.2x1.2x
Market comparable companiesP/E multiple9.8x9.8x
Market comparable companiesTBV multiple0.56x0.56x
Adjusted transaction valuePurchase multiple1.1x1.1x
Adjusted transaction valueN/AN/AN/A
Bank loans3,501,384 Discounted cash flowDiscount rate1.8% - 27.0%3.4%
RecoverabilityRecoverability rate14.0% - 75.0%57.8%
Third party pricingN/AN/AN/A
Profit participating notes2,577,596 Discounted cash flowDiscount rate7.5% - 15.0%14.6%
Real estate422,123 Discounted cash flowCapitalization rate5.8% - 6.0%5.8%
Discounted cash flowDiscount rate6.3% - 12.5%8.4%
Discounted cash flowTerminal capitalization rate8.3%8.3%
Direct capitalizationCapitalization rate5.5% - 8.5%6.6%
Direct capitalizationTerminal capitalization rate5.8% - 12%7.6%
Bonds97,209 Discounted cash flowDiscount rate5.5% - 7.0%6.5%
Third party pricingN/AN/AN/A
Convertible securities16,581 Discounted cash flowDiscount rate12.4%12.4%
Dividend discount modelDiscount rate13.8%13.8%
Market comparable companiesP/E multiple9.8x9.8x
Market comparable companiesTBV multiple0.56x0.56x
Warrants2,676 Option modelVolatility50.0% - 64.4%53.1%
Other equity investments6,167 Third party pricingN/AN/AN/A
Total Investments of Consolidated VIEs10,962,980 
Total Financial Assets$11,332,752 
Financial Liabilities
Liabilities of Consolidated VIEs:
Secured loans$3,822,475 Discounted cash flowDiscount rate1.8% - 9.3%2.7%
Subordinated notes3,044,437 Discounted cash flowDiscount rate7.7% - 14.0%9.9%
Adjusted transaction valueN/AN/AN/A
Preferred equity213,506 Discounted cash flowDiscount rate15%15%
Other liabilities20,202 Discounted cash flowDiscount rate1.8% - 7.9%5.7%
Adjusted transaction valueN/AN/AN/A
Third party pricingN/AN/AN/A
Total liabilities of Consolidated VIEs:7,100,620 
Contingent Consideration Obligation119,788 Discounted cash flowDiscount rate17.5%17.5%
Total Financial Liabilities$7,220,408 
N/A        Not applicable
EBITDA        Earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation, and amortization
NTAV        Net tangible asset value
P/E        Price-to-Earnings
TBV        Total book value
TEV        Total enterprise value
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APOLLO GLOBAL MANAGEMENT, INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)
(dollars in thousands, except share data, except where noted)
(1)      Unobservable inputs were weighted based on the fair value of the investments included in the range.
Fair Value Measurement of Investment in Athene Holding
As of June 30, 2021, the fair value of Apollo’s Level II investment in Athene Holding was estimated using the closing market price of Athene Holding shares of $67.50 less a DLOM of 12.9%. The DLOM was derived based on the average remaining lock up restrictions on the shares of Athene Holding held by Apollo (36 months from the closing date of the transactions contemplated by the Transaction Agreement) and the estimated volatility in such shares of Athene Holding. The historical share price volatility of a representative set of Athene Holding’s publicly traded insurance peers was calculated over a three year period equivalent to the lock up on the shares of Athene Holding held by Apollo and used as a proxy to estimate the projected volatility in Athene Holding’s shares. As of December 31, 2020, the fair value of Apollo’s Level II investment in Athene Holding was estimated using the closing market price of Athene Holding shares of $43.14 less a DLOM of 17.5%.
Discounted Cash Flow Model
When a discounted cash flow model is used to determine fair value, the significant input used in the valuation model is the discount rate applied to present value the projected cash flows. Increases in the discount rate can significantly lower the fair value of an investment and the contingent consideration obligations; conversely decreases in the discount rate can significantly increase the fair value of an investment and the contingent consideration obligations.
Consolidated VIEs
Investments
The significant unobservable inputs used in the fair value measurement of the equity securities include the discount rate applied, purchase multiple, price-to-earnings multiple, total book value multiple and net tangible asset value in the valuation models. These unobservable inputs in isolation can cause significant increases or decreases in fair value. The discount rate is determined based on the market rates an investor would expect for a similar investment with similar risks.
The significant unobservable inputs used in the fair value measurement of bank loans are discount rates and recoverability percentage. Significant increases (decreases) in any discount rates would result in a significantly lower (higher) fair value measurement.
The significant unobservable inputs used in the fair value measurement of bonds and profit participating notes are discount rates. Significant increases (decreases) in discount rates would result in a significantly lower (higher) fair value measurements.
The significant unobservable inputs used in the fair value measurement of real estate are discount rates and capitalization rates. Significant increases (decreases) in any discount rates or capitalization rates in isolation would result in a significantly lower (higher) fair value measurement.
The significant unobservable inputs used in the fair value measurement of convertible securities are discount rates, price-to-earnings multiple and total book value multiple. Significant increases (decreases) in any discount rates would result in a significantly lower (higher) fair value measurement.
The significant unobservable inputs used in the fair value measurement of warrants are volatility rates. Significant increases (decreases) in volatility rates would result in a significantly higher (lower) fair value measurement.
Certain investments are valued using the NAV per share equivalent calculated by the investment manager as a practical expedient to determining an independent fair value.
Liabilities
The debt obligations of certain consolidated VIEs, that are CLOs, were measured on the basis of the fair value of the financial assets of those CLOs as the financial assets were determined to be more observable and, as a result, categorized as Level II in the fair value hierarchy.
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APOLLO GLOBAL MANAGEMENT, INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)
(dollars in thousands, except share data, except where noted)
The significant unobservable inputs used in the fair value measurement of the Company’s liabilities of consolidated VIEs are discount rates. Significant increases (decreases) in discount rates would result in a significantly lower (higher) fair value measurement.
Contingent Consideration Obligations
The significant unobservable input used in the fair value measurement of the contingent consideration obligations is the discount rate applied in the valuation models. This input in isolation can cause significant increases or decreases in fair value. The discount rate was based on the hypothetical cost of equity in connection with the acquisition of Stone Tower. See note 15 for further discussion of the contingent consideration obligations.
Valuation of Underlying Investments of Equity Method Investees
As discussed previously, the underlying entities that the Company manages and invests in are primarily investment companies which account for their investments at estimated fair value.
On a quarterly basis, Apollo utilizes valuation committees consisting of members from senior management, to review and approve the valuation results related to the investments of the funds it manages. For certain publicly traded vehicles managed by the Company, a review is performed by an independent board of directors. The Company also retains external valuation firms to provide third-party valuation consulting services to Apollo, which consist of certain limited procedures that management identifies and requests them to perform. The limited procedures provided by the external valuation firms assist management with validating their valuation results or determining fair value. The Company performs various back-testing procedures to validate their valuation approaches, including comparisons between expected and observed outcomes, forecast evaluations and variance analyses. However, because of the inherent uncertainty of valuation, those estimated values may differ significantly from the values that would have been used had a ready market for the investments existed, and the differences could be material.
    Credit Investments
The majority of investments in Apollo’s credit funds are valued based on quoted market prices and valuation models. Quoted market prices are valued based on the average of the “bid” and the “ask” quotes provided by multiple brokers wherever possible without any adjustments. Apollo will designate certain brokers to use to value specific securities. In order to determine the designated brokers, Apollo considers the following: (i) brokers with which Apollo has previously transacted, (ii) the underwriter of the security and (iii) active brokers indicating executable quotes. In addition, when valuing a security based on broker quotes wherever possible Apollo tests the standard deviation amongst the quotes received and the variance between the concluded fair value and the value provided by a pricing service. When broker quotes are not available Apollo considers the use of pricing service quotes or other sources to mark a position. When relying on a pricing service as a primary source, Apollo (i) analyzes how the price has moved over the measurement period, (ii) reviews the number of brokers included in the pricing service’s population, if available, and (iii) validates the valuation levels with Apollo’s pricing team and traders.
Debt and equity securities that are not publicly traded or whose market prices are not readily available are valued at fair value utilizing a model based approach to determine fair value. Valuation approaches used to estimate the fair value of illiquid credit investments also may include the market approach and the income approach, as described below. The valuation approaches used consider, as applicable, market risks, credit risks, counterparty risks and foreign currency risks.
    Private Equity Investments
The majority of the illiquid investments within our private equity funds are valued using the market approach, which provides an indication of fair value based on a comparison of the subject company to comparable publicly traded companies and transactions in the industry.
    Market Approach
The market approach is driven by current market conditions, including actual trading levels of similar companies and, to the extent available, actual transaction data of similar companies. Judgment is required by management when assessing which companies are similar to the subject company being valued. Consideration may also be given to any of the following factors: (1) the subject company’s historical and projected financial data; (2) valuations given to comparable companies; (3) the size and scope of the subject company’s operations; (4) the subject company’s individual strengths and weaknesses;
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APOLLO GLOBAL MANAGEMENT, INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)
(dollars in thousands, except share data, except where noted)
(5) expectations relating to the market’s receptivity to an offering of the subject company’s securities; (6) applicable restrictions on transfer; (7) industry and market information; (8) general economic and market conditions; and (9) other factors deemed relevant. Market approach valuation models typically employ a multiple that is based on one or more of the factors described above. Enterprise value as a multiple of EBITDA is common and relevant for most companies and industries, however, other industry specific multiples are employed where available and appropriate. Sources for gaining additional knowledge related to comparable companies include public filings, annual reports, analyst research reports, and press releases. Once a comparable company set is determined, Apollo reviews certain aspects of the subject company’s performance and determines how its performance compares to the group and to certain individuals in the group. Apollo compares certain measurements such as EBITDA margins, revenue growth over certain time periods, leverage ratios and growth opportunities. In addition, Apollo compares the entry multiple and its relation to the comparable set at the time of acquisition to understand its relation to the comparable set on each measurement date.
    Income Approach
For investments where the market approach does not provide adequate fair value information, Apollo relies on the income approach. The income approach is also used to validate the market approach within our private equity funds. The income approach provides an indication of fair value based on the present value of cash flows that a business or security is expected to generate in the future. The most widely used methodology for the income approach is a discounted cash flow method. Inherent in the discounted cash flow method are significant assumptions related to the subject company’s expected results, the determination of a terminal value and a calculated discount rate, which is normally based on the subject company’s weighted average cost of capital, or “WACC.” The WACC represents the required rate of return on total capitalization, which is comprised of a required rate of return on equity, plus the current tax-effected rate of return on debt, weighted by the relative percentages of equity and debt that are typical in the industry. The most critical step in determining the appropriate WACC for each subject company is to select companies that are comparable in nature to the subject company and the credit quality of the subject company. Sources for gaining additional knowledge about the comparable companies include public filings, annual reports, analyst research reports, and press releases. The general formula then used for calculating the WACC considers the after-tax rate of return on debt capital and the rate of return on common equity capital, which further considers the risk-free rate of return, market beta, market risk premium and small stock premium, if applicable. The variables used in the WACC formula are inferred from the comparable market data obtained. The Company evaluates the comparable companies selected and concludes on WACC inputs based on the most comparable company or analyzes the range of data for the investment.
Debt securities that are not publicly traded or whose market prices are not readily available are valued at fair value utilizing a model based approach to determine fair value. Valuation approaches used to estimate the fair value of hybrid capital investments also may include the market approach and the income approach, as previously described above. The valuation approaches used consider, as applicable, market risks, credit risks, counterparty risks and foreign currency risks.
The value of liquid investments, where the primary market is an exchange (whether foreign or domestic), is determined using period end market prices. Such prices are generally based on the close price on the date of determination.
Real Assets Investments
The estimated fair value of commercial mortgage-backed securities (“CMBS”) in Apollo’s real assets funds is determined by reference to market prices provided by certain dealers who make a market in these financial instruments. Broker quotes are only indicative of fair value and may not necessarily represent what the funds would receive in an actual trade for the applicable instrument. Additionally, the loans held-for-investment are stated at the principal amount outstanding, net of deferred loan fees and costs for certain investments. The loans in Apollo’s real assets funds are evaluated for possible impairment on a quarterly basis. For Apollo’s real assets funds, valuations of non-marketable underlying investments are determined using methods that include, but are not limited to (i) discounted cash flow estimates or comparable analysis prepared internally, (ii) third party appraisals or valuations by qualified real estate appraisers and (iii) contractual sales value of investments/properties subject to bona fide purchase contracts. Methods (i) and (ii) also incorporate consideration of the use of the income, cost, or sales comparison approaches of estimating property values.
Certain of the credit, private equity, and real assets funds may also enter into foreign currency exchange contracts, total return swap contracts, credit default swap contracts, and other derivative contracts, which may include options, caps, collars and floors. Foreign currency exchange contracts are marked-to-market by recognizing the difference between the contract exchange rate and the current market rate as unrealized appreciation or depreciation. If securities are held at the end of the period, the changes in value are recorded in income as unrealized. Realized gains or losses are recognized when contracts
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APOLLO GLOBAL MANAGEMENT, INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)
(dollars in thousands, except share data, except where noted)
are settled. Total return swap and credit default swap contracts are recorded at fair value as an asset or liability with changes in fair value recorded as unrealized appreciation or depreciation. Realized gains or losses are recognized at the termination of the contract based on the difference between the close-out price of the total return or credit default swap contract and the original contract price. Forward contracts are valued based on market rates obtained from counterparties or prices obtained from recognized financial data service providers.
7. OTHER ASSETS
Other assets consisted of the following:
As of
June 30, 2021		As of
December 31, 2020
Fixed assets$203,154 $191,853 
Less: Accumulated depreciation and amortization(119,904)(111,821)
Fixed assets, net83,25080,032 
Deferred equity-based compensation(1)
239,946137,777 
Prepaid expenses68,16146,639 
Intangible assets, net20,58423,586 
Tax receivables27,71642,979 
Other54,79833,950 
Total Other Assets$494,455 $364,963 
(1)Deferred equity-based compensation relates to the value of equity-based awards that have been or are expected to be granted in connection with the settlement of certain profit sharing arrangements. A corresponding amount for awards expected to be granted of $224.4 million and $114.6 million, as of June 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively, is included in other liabilities on the condensed consolidated statements of financial condition.
Depreciation expense was $4.3 million and $2.3 million for the three months ended June 30, 2021 and 2020, respectively, and $8.3 million and $4.9 million for the six months ended June 30, 2021 and 2020, respectively, and is presented as a component of general, administrative and other expense in the condensed consolidated statements of operations.
8. LEASES
Apollo has operating leases for office space, data centers, and certain equipment under various lease agreements.
The table below presents operating lease expenses:
 For the Three Months Ended June 30,For the Six Months Ended June 30,
 2021202020212020
Operating lease cost$12,529 $13,617 $23,013 $25,979 
The following table presents supplemental cash flow information related to operating leases:
 For the Three Months Ended June 30,For the Six Months Ended June 30,
 2021202020212020
Operating cash flows for operating leases$4,939 $3,307 $12,494 $13,956 


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APOLLO GLOBAL MANAGEMENT, INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)
(dollars in thousands, except share data, except where noted)
As of June 30, 2021, the Company’s total lease payments by maturity are presented in the following table:
 Operating Lease Payments
Remaining 2021$23,251 
202245,662 
202341,125 
202437,453 
202535,160 
Thereafter313,404 
Total lease payments$496,055 
Less imputed interest(86,125)
Present value of lease payments$409,930 
The Company has undiscounted future operating lease payments of $160.4 million related to leases that have not commenced that were entered into as of June 30, 2021. Such lease payments are not yet included in the table above or the Company’s condensed consolidated statements of financial condition as lease assets and lease liabilities. These operating leases are anticipated to commence by 2022 with lease terms of approximately 16 years.
Supplemental information related to leases is as follows:
As of
June 30, 2021		As of
June 30, 2020
Weighted average remaining lease term (in years)13.613.9
Weighted average discount rate3.0 %3.1 %
9. INCOME TAXES
The Company’s income tax (provision) benefit totaled $(194.1) million and $(140.3) million for the three months ended June 30, 2021 and 2020, respectively, and $(397.3) million and $155.5 million for the six months ended June 30, 2021 and 2020, respectively. The Company’s effective tax rate was approximately 11.4% and 12.3% for the three months ended June 30, 2021 and 2020, respectively, and 11.6% and 10.8% for the six months ended June 30, 2021 and 2020, respectively.
Under U.S. GAAP, a tax benefit from an uncertain tax position may be recognized when it is more likely than not that the position will be sustained upon examination, including resolution of any related appeals or litigation processes, based on the technical merits of the position. Based upon the Company’s review of its federal, state, local and foreign income tax returns and tax filing positions, the Company determined that no material unrecognized tax benefits for uncertain tax positions were required to be recorded. In addition, the Company does not believe that it has any tax positions for which it is reasonably possible that it will be required to record significant amounts of unrecognized tax benefits within the next twelve months.
The primary jurisdictions in which the Company operates are the United States and the United Kingdom. There are no unremitted earnings with respect to the United Kingdom and other foreign entities.
In the normal course of business, the Company is subject to examination by federal, state, local and foreign tax authorities. As of June 30, 2021, the Company’s U.S. federal, state, local and foreign income tax returns for the years 2017 through 2019 are open under the general statute of limitations provisions and therefore subject to examination. Currently, the Internal Revenue Service is examining the tax return of a subsidiary for the 2011 tax year. The State and City of New York are examining certain subsidiaries’ tax returns for tax years 2011 to 2018. The United Kingdom and India tax authorities are currently examining certain subsidiaries’ tax returns for tax year 2017. No provisions with respect to these examinations have been recorded.
The Company records deferred tax assets as a result of the step-up in the tax basis of assets and intangibles resulting from exchanges of AOG Units for Class A Common Stock by the Co-Founders and Contributing Partners. A related liability is recorded in due to related parties in the condensed consolidated statements of financial condition for the expected payments under the tax receivable agreement entered into by and among APO Corp., the Co-Founders, the Contributing Partners, and other parties thereto (as amended, the “tax receivable agreement”) (see note 14). The benefit the Company obtains
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APOLLO GLOBAL MANAGEMENT, INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)
(dollars in thousands, except share data, except where noted)
from the difference in the tax asset recognized and the related liability results in an increase to additional paid in capital. The amortization period for the portion of the increase in tax basis related to intangibles is 15 years. The realization of the remaining portion of the increase in tax basis relates to the disposition of the underlying assets to which the step-up is attributed. The associated deferred tax assets reverse at the time of the corresponding asset disposition.
The table below presents the impact to the deferred tax asset, tax receivable agreement liability and additional paid in capital related to the exchange of AOG Units for Class A Common Stock.
Exchange of AOG Units
for Class A Common Stock 		Increase in Deferred Tax AssetIncrease in Tax Receivable Agreement LiabilityIncrease to Additional Paid In Capital
For the Six Months Ended June 30, 2021$45,479 $38,229 $7,250 
For the Six Months Ended June 30, 2020$76,580 $62,531 $14,049 
On March 27, 2020, the U.S. federal government enacted the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act (the “CARES Act”). The CARES Act is an emergency economic stimulus package in response to the coronavirus outbreak which, among other things, contains numerous income tax provisions. The provisions of the CARES Act have not had a material impact on the Company’s condensed consolidated financial statements or related disclosures.
10. DEBT
Debt consisted of the following:
 As of June 30, 2021As of December 31, 2020
 Outstanding
Balance		Fair ValueAnnualized
Weighted
Average
Interest Rate		Outstanding
Balance		Fair ValueAnnualized
Weighted
Average
Interest Rate
2024 Senior Notes(1)
$498,143 $545,437 
(4)
4.00 %$497,817 $553,633 
(4)
4.00 %
2026 Senior Notes(1)
497,473 568,433 
(4)
4.40 497,217 581,898 
(4)
4.40 
2029 Senior Notes(1)
674,772 790,973 
(4)
4.87 674,757 804,768 
(4)
4.87 
2030 Senior Notes(1)
494,630 508,997 
(4)
2.65 494,375 513,362 
(4)
2.65 
2039 Senior Secured Guaranteed Notes(1)
317,514 371,705 
(5)
4.77 317,042 376,472 
(5)
4.77 
2048 Senior Notes(1)
296,695 385,876 
(4)
5.00 296,633 379,953 
(4)
5.00 
2050 Subordinated Notes(1)
296,616 312,000 
(4)
4.95 296,557 307,500 
(4)
4.95 
Secured Borrowing I(2)
18,952 18,942 
(3)
1.84 19,526 19,527 
(3)
1.84 
Secured Borrowing II(2)
20,157 20,148 
(3)
1.70 20,767 20,773 
(3)
1.71 
2016 AMI Term Facility I(2)
20,002 20,002 
(3)
1.30 20,608 20,608 
(3)
1.30 
2016 AMI Term Facility II(2)
19,335 19,335 
(3)
1.40 19,922 19,922 
(3)
1.40 
Total Debt$3,154,289 $3,561,848 $3,155,221 $3,598,416 
(1)Includes amortization of note discount, as applicable. Outstanding balance is presented net of unamortized debt issuance costs:
As of June 30, 2021As of December 31, 2020
2024 Senior Notes$1,565 $1,841 
2026 Senior Notes2,310 2,545 
2029 Senior Notes4,958 5,282 
2030 Senior Notes4,049 4,231 
2039 Senior Secured Guaranteed Notes7,486 7,958 
2048 Senior Notes3,016 3,073 
2050 Subordinated Notes3,384 3,443 
Total$26,768 $28,373 
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APOLLO GLOBAL MANAGEMENT, INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)
(dollars in thousands, except share data, except where noted)
(2)Apollo Management International LLP (“AMI”), a subsidiary of the Company, entered into several credit facilities (collectively referred to as the “AMI Facilities”) to fund the Company’s investment in certain European CLOs it manages:
FacilityDateLoan Amount
Secured Borrowing IDecember 19, 2019€15,984 
Secured Borrowing IIMarch 5, 2020€17,000 
2016 AMI Term Facility IJanuary 18, 2016€16,870 
2016 AMI Term Facility IIJune 22, 2016€16,308 
The Secured Borrowings consist of obligations through repurchase agreements redeemable at maturity with third party lenders. The weighted average remaining maturity of Secured Borrowing I and II is 10.2 years.
(3)Fair value is based on obtained broker quotes. These notes are classified as a Level III liability within the fair value hierarchy based on the number and quality of broker quotes obtained, the standard deviations of the observed broker quotes and the percentage deviation from external pricing services. For instances where broker quotes are not available, a discounted cash flow method is used to obtain a fair value.
(4)Fair value is based on obtained broker quotes. These notes are classified as a Level II liability within the fair value hierarchy based on the number and quality of broker quotes obtained, the standard deviations of the observed broker quotes and the percentage deviation from external pricing services.
(5)Fair value is based on a discounted cash flow method. These notes are classified as a Level III liability within the fair value hierarchy.
AMH Credit Facility—On November 23, 2020, AMH as borrower (the “Borrower”) entered into a new credit agreement (the “AMH Credit Facility”) with the lenders and issuing banks party thereto and Citibank, N.A., as administrative agent for the lenders. The AMH Credit Facility refinanced the 2018 AMH Credit Facility listed below. The AMH Credit Facility provides for a $750 million revolving credit facility to the Borrower with a final maturity date of November 23, 2025. The AMH Credit Facility is to remain available until its maturity, and any undrawn revolving commitments bear a commitment fee. The interest rate on the AMH Credit Facility is based on adjusted London Inter-Bank Offered Rate (“LIBOR”) and the applicable margin as of June 30, 2021 was 1.00%. The commitment fee on the $750 million undrawn AMH Credit Facility as of June 30, 2021 was 0.09%.
Borrowings under the AMH Credit Facility may be used for working capital and general corporate purposes, including, without limitation, permitted acquisitions. The Borrower may incur incremental facilities in respect of the AMH Credit Facility in an aggregate amount not to exceed $250 million plus additional amounts so long as the Borrower is in compliance with a net leverage ratio not to exceed 4.00 to 1.00. As of June 30, 2021, the AMH Credit Facility was undrawn.
2018 AMH Credit Facility—On July 11, 2018, AMH as borrower (the “Borrower”) entered into a credit agreement (the “2018 AMH Credit Facility”) with the lenders and issuing banks party thereto and Citibank, N.A., as administrative agent for the lenders. The AMH Credit Facility refinanced the 2018 AMH Credit Facility at substantially the same terms. The 2018 AMH Credit Facility and all related loan documents were terminated as of November 23, 2020.
2024 Senior Notes—On May 30, 2014, AMH issued $500 million in aggregate principal amount of its 4.000% Senior Notes due 2024 (the “2024 Senior Notes”), at an issue price of 99.722% of par. Interest on the 2024 Senior Notes is payable semi-annually in arrears on May 30 and November 30 of each year. The 2024 Senior Notes will mature on May 30, 2024. The discount is amortized into interest expense on the condensed consolidated statements of operations over the term of the 2024 Senior Notes. The Company is obligated to settle the 2024 Senior Notes for the face amount of $500 million.
2026 Senior Notes—On May 27, 2016, AMH issued $500 million in aggregate principal amount of its 4.400% Senior Notes due 2026 (the “2026 Senior Notes”), at an issue price of 99.912% of par. Interest on the 2026 Senior Notes is payable semi-annually in arrears on May 27 and November 27 of each year. The 2026 Senior Notes will mature on May 27, 2026. The discount is amortized into interest expense on the condensed consolidated statements of operations over the term of the 2026 Senior Notes. The Company is obligated to settle the 2026 Senior Notes for the face amount of $500 million.
2029 Senior Notes—On February 7, 2019, AMH issued $550 million in aggregate principal amount of its 4.872% Senior Notes due 2029, at an issue price of 99.999% of par. On June 11, 2019, AMH issued an additional $125 million in aggregate principal amount of its 4.872% Senior Notes due 2029 (the “Additional Notes”), at an issue price of 104.812% of par. The Additional Notes constitute a single class of securities with the previously issued senior notes due 2029 (collectively, the “2029 Senior Notes”). Interest on the 2029 Senior Notes is payable semi-annually in arrears on February 15 and August 15 of each year. The 2029 Senior Notes will mature on February 15, 2029. The discount is amortized into interest expense on the
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NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)
(dollars in thousands, except share data, except where noted)
condensed consolidated statements of operations over the term of the 2029 Senior Notes. The Company is obligated to settle the 2029 Senior Notes for the face amount of $675 million.
2030 Senior Notes—On June 5, 2020, AMH issued $500 million in aggregate principal amount of its 2.65% Senior Notes due 2030 (the “2030 Senior Notes”), at an issue price of 99.704% of par. Interest on the 2030 Senior Notes is payable semi-annually in arrears on June 5 and December 5 of each year. The 2030 Senior Notes will mature on June 5, 2030. The discount is amortized into interest expense on the condensed consolidated statements of operations over the term of the 2030 Senior Notes. The Company is obligated to settle the 2030 Senior Notes for the face amount of $500 million.
2039 Senior Secured Guaranteed Notes—On June 10, 2019, APH Finance 1, LLC (the “Issuer”), a subsidiary of the Company, issued $325 million in aggregate principal amount of its 4.77% Series A Senior Secured Guaranteed Notes due 2039 (the “2039 Senior Secured Guaranteed Notes”). The 2039 Senior Secured Guaranteed Notes are secured by a lien on the Issuer’s and the guarantors’ participation interests in the rights to distributions in relation to a portfolio of equity investments owned by affiliates of the Company in certain existing and future funds managed or advised by subsidiaries of the Company. Interest on the 2039 Senior Secured Guaranteed Notes is payable on a quarterly basis. The 2039 Senior Secured Guaranteed Notes will mature in July 2039, but, unless prepaid to the extent permitted under the indenture governing the 2039 Senior Secured Guaranteed Notes, the anticipated repayment date will be in July 2029. If the Issuer has not repaid or refinanced the 2039 Senior Secured Guaranteed Notes prior to the anticipated repayment date an additional 5.0% per annum will accrue on the 2039 Senior Secured Guaranteed Notes. The issuance costs are amortized into interest expense on the condensed consolidated statements of operations over the expected term of the 2039 Senior Secured Guaranteed Notes.
2048 Senior Notes—On March 15, 2018, AMH issued $300 million in aggregate principal amount of its 5.000% Senior Notes due 2048 (the “2048 Senior Notes”), at an issue price of 99.892% of par. Interest on the 2048 Senior Notes is payable semi-annually in arrears on March 15 and September 15 of each year. The 2048 Senior Notes will mature on March 15, 2048. The discount is amortized into interest expense on the condensed consolidated statements of operations over the term of the 2048 Senior Notes. The Company is obligated to settle the 2048 Senior Notes for the face amount of $300 million.
2050 Subordinated Notes—On December 17, 2019, AMH issued $300 million in aggregate principal amount of its 4.950% Fixed-Rate Resettable Subordinated Notes due 2050 (the “2050 Subordinated Notes”), at an issue price of 100.000% of par. Interest on the 2050 Subordinated Notes is payable semi-annually in arrears on June 17 and December 17 of each year. The 2050 Subordinated Notes will mature on January 14, 2050. The discount is amortized into interest expense on the condensed consolidated statements of operations over the term of the 2050 Subordinated Notes. The Company is obligated to settle the 2050 Subordinated Notes for the face amount of $300 million.
As of June 30, 2021, the indentures governing the 2024 Senior Notes, the 2026 Senior Notes, the 2029 Senior Notes, the 2030 Senior Notes, the 2048 Senior Notes and the 2050 Subordinated Notes (the “Indentures”) include covenants that restrict the ability of AMH and, as applicable, the guarantors of the notes under the Indentures to incur indebtedness secured by liens on voting stock or profit participating equity interests of their respective subsidiaries, or merge, consolidate or sell, transfer or lease assets. The Indentures also provide for customary events of default.
As of June 30, 2021, the indenture governing the 2039 Senior Secured Guaranteed Notes includes a series of covenants and restrictions customary for transactions of this type, including covenants that (i) require the Issuer to maintain specified reserve accounts to be used to make required payments in respect of the 2039 Senior Secured Guaranteed Notes, (ii) relate to prepayments and related payments of specified amounts, including specified make-whole payments under certain circumstances and (iii) relate to recordkeeping, access to information and similar matters.
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APOLLO GLOBAL MANAGEMENT, INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)
(dollars in thousands, except share data, except where noted)
The following table presents the interest expense incurred related to the Company’s debt:
 For the Three Months Ended June 30,For the Six Months Ended June 30,
 2021202020212020
Interest Expense:(1)
2018 AMH Credit Facility$— $314 $— $628 
AMH Credit Facility322 — 643 — 
2024 Senior Notes5,163 5,163 10,326 10,326 
2026 Senior Notes5,628 5,628 11,256 11,256 
2029 Senior Notes8,229 8,229 16,458 16,458 
2030 Senior Notes3,462 964 6,922 964 
2039 Senior Secured Guaranteed Notes4,111 4,111 8,223 8,223 
2048 Senior Notes3,781 3,780 7,562 7,562 
2050 Subordinated Notes3,742 3,742 7,484 7,486 
AMI Term Facilities/ Secured Borrowings376 360 739 630 
Total Interest Expense$34,814 $32,291 $69,613 $63,533 
(1)Debt issuance costs incurred are amortized into interest expense over the term of the debt arrangement, as applicable.
11. NET INCOME (LOSS) PER SHARE OF CLASS A COMMON STOCK
The table below presents basic and diluted net income (loss) per share of Class A Common Stock using the two-class method for the three and six months ended June 30, 2021 and 2020:
 Basic and Diluted
For the Three Months Ended June 30,For the Six Months Ended June 30,
2021202020212020
Numerator:
Net Income (Loss) Attributable to Apollo Global Management, Inc. Class A Common Stockholders$648,563   $437,164 $1,318,289 $(568,218)
Dividends declared on Class A Common Stock(1)
(115,494)(96,181)(254,674)(301,783)
Dividends on participating securities(2)
(4,042)(3,608)(9,144)(10,855)
Earnings allocable to participating securities(19,774)(13,947)(38,970)— 
(3)
Undistributed income (loss) attributable to Class A Common Stockholders: Basic and Diluted509,253   323,428 1,015,501 (880,856)
Denominator:
Weighted average number of shares of Class A Common Stock outstanding: Basic and Diluted231,058,813 227,653,988 230,534,073 227,205,866 
Net Income per share of Class A Common Stock: Basic and Diluted(4)
Distributed Income$0.50   $0.42 $1.10 $1.31 
Undistributed Income (Loss)2.20   1.42 4.41 (3.86)
Net Income (Loss) per share of Class A Common Stock: Basic and Diluted$2.70   $1.84 $5.51   $(2.55)
(1)See note 13 for information regarding the quarterly dividends declared and paid during 2021 and 2020.
(2)Participating securities consist of vested and unvested RSUs that have rights to dividends and unvested restricted shares.
(3)No allocation of undistributed losses was made to the participating securities as the holders do not have a contractual obligation to share in the losses of the Company with Class A Common Stockholders.
(4)For the three and six months ended June 30, 2021 and June 30, 2020, all of the classes of securities were determined to be anti-dilutive.
The Company has granted RSUs that provide the right to receive, subject to vesting during continued employment, shares of Class A Common Stock pursuant to the Equity Plan. The Company has three types of RSU grants, which we refer to as Plan Grants, Bonus Grants and Performance Grants. “Plan Grants” vest over time (generally one to six years) and may or
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NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)
(dollars in thousands, except share data, except where noted)
may not provide the right to receive dividend equivalents on vested RSUs on an equal basis with the Class A Common Stockholders any time a dividend is declared. “Bonus Grants” vest over time (generally three years) and generally provide the right to receive dividend equivalents on both vested and unvested RSUs on an equal basis with the Class A Common Stockholders any time a dividend is declared. “Performance Grants” generally vest over time (three to five years), subject to the Company’s receipt of performance revenues, within prescribed periods, sufficient to cover the associated equity-based compensation expense. Performance Grants provide the right to receive dividend equivalents on vested RSUs and may also provide the right to receive dividend equivalents on unvested RSUs.
Any dividend equivalent paid to an employee will not be returned to the Company upon forfeiture of the award by the employee. Vested and unvested RSUs that are entitled to non-forfeitable dividend equivalents qualify as participating securities and are included in the Company’s basic and diluted earnings per share computations using the two-class method. The holder of an RSU participating security would have a contractual obligation to share in the losses of the entity if the holder is obligated to fund the losses of the issuing entity or if the contractual principal or mandatory redemption amount of the participating security is reduced as a result of losses incurred by the issuing entity. The RSU participating securities do not have a mandatory redemption amount and the holders of the participating securities are not obligated to fund losses; therefore, neither the vested RSUs nor the unvested RSUs are subject to any contractual obligation to share in losses of the Company.
Certain holders of AOG Units are subject to the transfer restrictions set forth in the agreements with the respective holders and may, upon notice (subject to the terms of an exchange agreement), exchange their AOG Units for shares of Class A Common Stock on a one-for-one basis. An AOG Unit holder must exchange one unit in each of the Apollo Operating Group partnerships to effectuate an exchange for one share of Class A Common Stock.
Apollo Global Management, Inc. has one share of Class B common stock, $0.00001 par value per share, of the Company (“Class B Common Stock”) outstanding, which is held by BRH Holdings GP, Ltd. (“BRH”). The voting power of the share of Class B Common Stock is reduced on a one vote per one AOG Unit basis in the event of an exchange of AOG Units for shares of Class A Common Stock, subject to the terms of the AGM Inc. Certificate of Incorporation. The Class B Common Stock has no net income (loss) per share as it does not participate in Apollo’s earnings (losses) or dividends. The Class B Common Stock has no dividend rights and only a de minimis liquidation right. The Class B Common Stock represented 46.6% and 47.2% of the total voting power of the Company’s Class A Common Stock and Class B Common Stock with respect to the matters upon which they were entitled to vote together as a single class pursuant to the Company’s governing documents as of June 30, 2021 and 2020, respectively.
The following table summarizes the anti-dilutive securities for the three and six months ended June 30, 2021 and 2020, respectively.
For the Three Months Ended June 30,For the Six Months Ended June 30,
2021202020212020
Weighted average vested RSUs
309,142 254,147 675,233 834,718 
Weighted average unvested RSUs8,006,542 8,252,215 7,491,189 7,670,111 
Weighted average AOG Units outstanding(1)
172,599,261 174,873,808 173,207,079 175,737,132 
Weighted average unvested restricted shares656,220 1,310,805 680,448 1,245,164 
(1)Excludes AOG Units owned by Athene. Athene can only redeem their AOG Units by selling to Apollo or to a different buyer with Apollo’s agreement as detailed in the Liquidity Agreement (see note 14). As these AOG Units are not convertible into shares of Class A Common Stock, they are excluded when calculating diluted net income per share.
12. EQUITY-BASED COMPENSATION
Equity-based awards granted to employees and non-employees as compensation are measured based on the grant date fair value of the award. Equity-based awards that do not require future service (i.e., vested awards) are expensed immediately. Equity-based employee awards that require future service are expensed over the relevant service period. Equity-based awards that require performance metrics to be met are expensed only when the performance metric is met or deemed probable.
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NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)
(dollars in thousands, except share data, except where noted)
RSUs
The Company grants RSUs under the Equity Plan. The fair value of all grants is based on the grant date fair value, which considers the public share price of the Company’s Class A Common Stock subject to certain discounts, as applicable. The following table summarizes the weighted average discounts for Plan Grants, Bonus Grants and Performance Grants.
The estimated total grant date fair value for Plan Grants and Bonus Grants is charged to compensation expense on a straight-line basis over the vesting period, which for Plan Grants is generally one to six years, with the first installment vesting one year after grant and quarterly vesting thereafter, and for Bonus Grants is generally annual vesting over three years.
During the six months ended June 30, 2021 and June 30, 2020, the Company awarded Performance Grants of 1.2 million and 2.0 million RSUs to certain employees with a grant date fair value of $51.5 million and $81.4 million, respectively, which vest subject to continued employment and the Company’s receipt of performance revenues, within prescribed periods, sufficient to cover the associated equity-based compensation. In accordance with U.S. GAAP, equity-based compensation expense for these and other Performance Grants will be recognized on an accelerated recognition method over the requisite service period to the extent the performance revenue metrics are met or deemed probable.
Additionally, the Company entered into an agreement in 2018 with several employees under which RSUs would be granted starting in 2020 if year-over-year growth in certain discretionary earnings metrics were attained prior to grant and they remained employed at the grant date. Once granted, the awards vest subject to continued employment and the Company’s receipt of performance revenues sufficient to cover the associated equity-based compensation expense. In connection with these agreements, the Company granted 0.2 million RSUs with a grant date fair value of $7.5 million that fully vested and were expensed during the six months ended June 30, 2021, and granted 0.3 million RSUs with a grant date fair value of $11.7 million that were fully vested and were expensed during the six months ended June 30, 2020.
The following table summarizes the equity-based compensation expense recognized relating to Performance Grants:
For the Three Months Ended June 30,For the Six Months Ended June 30,
2021202020212020
Equity-based compensation$17,488 $28,467 $43,865 $57,331 
The fair value of all RSU grants made during the six months ended June 30, 2021 and 2020 was $160.1 million and $179.7 million, respectively.
The following table presents the actual forfeiture rates and equity-based compensation expense recognized:
For the Three Months Ended June 30,For the Six Months Ended June 30,
2021202020212020
Actual forfeiture rate0.4 %5.8 %0.8 %6.4 %
Equity-based compensation$40,866 $47,282 $85,971 $92,800 
The following table summarizes RSU activity:
UnvestedWeighted Average Grant Date Fair ValueVestedTotal Number of RSUs Outstanding
Balance at January 1, 20218,978,393 $31.89 1,833,332 10,811,725 
(1)
Granted 3,336,739 48.00 — 3,336,739 
Forfeited(101,554)$42.27 — (101,554)
Vested(1,506,292)33.65 1,506,292 — 
Issued— $— (2,980,032)(2,980,032)
Balance at June 30, 202110,707,286 (2)$36.56 359,592 11,066,878 
(1)
(1)Amount excludes RSUs which have vested and have been issued in the form of Class A Common Stock.
(2)Includes 6,413,319 Performance Grant RSUs, 3,295,347 Bonus Grant RSUs and 998,620 Plan Grant RSUs.
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NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)
(dollars in thousands, except share data, except where noted)
As of June 30, 2021, there was $233.6 million of total unrecognized equity-based compensation expense related to unvested RSUs, which is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average term of 2.2 years.
Equity-Based Compensation Allocation
Equity-based compensation is allocated based on ownership interests. Therefore, the amortization of equity-based compensation is allocated to stockholders’ equity attributable to AGM Inc. and the Non-Controlling Interests, which results in a difference in the amounts charged to equity-based compensation expense and the amounts credited to stockholders’ equity attributable to AGM Inc. in the Company’s condensed consolidated financial statements.
Below is a reconciliation of the equity-based compensation allocated to AGM Inc.:
For the Six Months Ended June 30, 2021
Total AmountNon-Controlling Interest % in Apollo Operating Group
Allocated to Non-Controlling Interest in Apollo Operating Group(1)
Allocated to Apollo Global Management, Inc.
RSUs, share options and restricted share awards$96,010 — %$— $96,010 
Other equity-based compensation awards13,436 46.5 6,248 7,188 
Total equity-based compensation109,446 6,248 103,198 
Less other equity-based compensation awards(2)
(6,248)(16,940)
Capital increase related to equity-based compensation$— $86,258 
For the Six Months Ended June 30, 2020
Total AmountNon-Controlling Interest % in Apollo Operating Group
Allocated to Non-Controlling Interest in Apollo Operating Group(1)
Allocated to Apollo Global Management, Inc.
RSUs, share options and restricted share awards$107,069 — %$— $107,069 
Other equity-based compensation awards4,473 47.1 2,109 2,364 
Total equity-based compensation$111,542 2,109 109,433 
Less other equity-based compensation awards(2)
(2,109)(16,203)
Capital increase related to equity-based compensation$— $93,230 
(1)Calculated based on average ownership percentage for the period considering issuances of Class A shares or Class A Common Stock, as applicable, during the period.
(2)Includes equity-based compensation reimbursable by certain funds.
13. EQUITY
Common Stock
Holders of Class A Common Stock are entitled to participate in dividends from the Company on a pro rata basis.
During the three and six months ended June 30, 2021 and 2020, the Company issued shares of Class A Common Stock in settlement of vested RSUs. The Company has generally allowed holders of vested RSUs and exercised share options to settle their tax liabilities by reducing the number of shares of Class A Common Stock issued to them, which the Company refers to as “net share settlement.” Additionally, the Company has generally allowed holders of share options to settle their exercise price by reducing the number of shares of Class A Common Stock issued to them at the time of exercise by an amount sufficient to cover the exercise price. The net share settlement results in a liability for the Company and a corresponding accumulated deficit adjustment.
In January 2019, Apollo increased its authorized share repurchase amount by $250 million, bringing the total authorized repurchase amount to $500 million. On March 12, 2020, Apollo announced that the executive committee of the Company’s board of directors approved a new share repurchase authorization that allows the Company to repurchase up to
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NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)
(dollars in thousands, except share data, except where noted)
$500 million of its Class A common stock. This new authorization increased the Company’s capacity to repurchase shares from $80 million of unused capacity under the Company’s previously approved the share repurchase plan authorization. The share repurchase plan authorization may be used to repurchase outstanding shares of Class A Common Stock as well as to reduce the number of shares of Class A Common Stock to be issued to employees to satisfy associated tax obligations in connection with the settlement of equity-based awards granted under the Equity Plan (or any successor equity plan thereto). Shares of Class A Common Stock may be repurchased from time to time in open market transactions, in privately negotiated transactions, pursuant to a trading plan adopted in accordance with Rule 10b5-1 of the Exchange Act, or otherwise, with the size and timing of these repurchases depending on legal requirements, price, market and economic conditions and other factors. Apollo is not obligated under the terms of the program to repurchase any of its shares of Class A Common Stock. The repurchase program has no expiration date and may be suspended or terminated by the Company at any time without prior notice.
The table below summarizes the issuance of shares of Class A Common Stock for equity-based awards:
For the Six Months Ended June 30,
20212020
Shares of Class A Common Stock issued in settlement of vested RSUs and share options exercised(1)
2,980,032 4,366,569 
Reduction of shares of Class A Common Stock issued(2)
(1,218,885)(1,843,305)
Shares of Class A Common Stock purchased related to share issuances and forfeitures(3)
(270,362)628,639 
Issuance of shares of Class A Common Stock for equity-based awards1,490,785 3,151,903 
(1)The gross value of shares issued was $155.2 million and $202.2 million for the six months ended June 30, 2021 and 2020, respectively, based on the closing price of a Class A Common Stock at the time of issuance.
(2)Cash paid for tax liabilities associated with net share settlement was $63.7 million and $85.5 million for the six months ended June 30, 2021 and 2020, respectively.
(3)Certain Apollo employees receive a portion of the profit sharing proceeds of certain funds in the form of (a) restricted Class A Common Stock that they are required to purchase with such proceeds or (b) RSUs, in each case which equity-based awards generally vest over three years. These equity-based awards are granted under the Company's 2007 Equity Plan. To prevent dilution on account of these awards, Apollo may, in its discretion, repurchase Class A Common Stock on the open market and retire them. During the six months ended June 30, 2021 and 2020, we issued 56,243 and 636,314 of such restricted shares and 270,362 and 149,042 of such RSUs under the Equity Plan, respectively, and repurchased 326,605 and 0 shares of Class A Common Stock in open-market transactions not pursuant to a publicly-announced repurchase plan or program, respectively. In addition, there were 0 and 7,675 restricted shares forfeited during the six months ended June 30, 2021 and 2020, respectively.
During the six months ended June 30, 2021 and 2020, 1,818,108 and 2,194,095 shares of Class A Common Stock were repurchased in open market transactions as part of the publicly announced share repurchase program discussed above, respectively, and such shares were subsequently canceled by the Company. The Company paid $105.7 million and $64.2 million for these open market share repurchases during the six months ended June 30, 2021 and 2020, respectively.
Preferred Stock Issuance
On March 7, 2017, Apollo issued 11,000,000 6.375% Series A Preferred shares (the “Series A Preferred shares”) for gross proceeds of $275.0 million, or $264.4 million net of issuance costs and on March 19, 2018, Apollo issued 12,000,000 6.375% Series B Preferred shares (the “Series B Preferred shares” and collectively with the Series A Preferred shares, the “Preferred shares”) for gross proceeds of $300.0 million, or $289.8 million net of issuance costs.
As a result of the conversion to a corporation, (i) each Series A Preferred share representing limited liability company interests of Apollo Global Management, LLC (“AGM LLC”) outstanding immediately prior to the effective time of the conversion converted into one issued and outstanding, fully paid and nonassessable share of Series A Preferred Stock, having a liquidation preference of $25.00 per share, of the Company and (ii) each Series B Preferred share representing limited liability company interests of AGM LLC outstanding immediately prior to the effective time of the conversion converted into one issued and outstanding, fully paid and nonassessable share of Series B Preferred Stock, having a liquidation preference of $25.00 per share, of the Company (the Series A Preferred Stock and the Series B Preferred Stock collectively, the “Preferred Stock”).
When, as and if declared by the executive committee of the board of directors of AGM Inc., dividends on the Preferred Stock will be payable quarterly on March 15, June 15, September 15 and December 15 of each year, beginning on June 15, 2018 for the Series B Preferred Stock, at a rate per annum equal to 6.375%. Dividends on the Preferred Stock are
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NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)
(dollars in thousands, except share data, except where noted)
discretionary and non-cumulative. During 2021, quarterly cash dividends were $0.398438 per share of Series A Preferred Stock and Series B Preferred Stock.
Subject to certain exceptions, unless dividends have been declared and paid or declared and set apart for payment on the Preferred Stock for a quarterly dividend period, during the remainder of that dividend period Apollo may not declare or pay or set apart payment for dividends on any shares of Class A Common Stock or any other equity securities that the Company may issue in the future ranking as to the payment of dividends, junior to the Preferred Stock (“Junior Stock”) and Apollo may not repurchase any Junior Stock.
The Series A Preferred Stock and the Series B Preferred Stock may be redeemed at Apollo’s option, in whole or in part, at any time on or after March 15, 2022 and March 15, 2023, respectively, at a price of $25.00 per share of Preferred Stock, plus declared and unpaid dividends to, but excluding, the redemption date, without payment of any undeclared dividends. Holders of the Preferred Stock will have no right to require the redemption of the Preferred Stock and there is no maturity date.
If a certain change of control event or a certain tax redemption event occurs prior to March 15, 2022 and March 15, 2023 for the Series A Preferred Stock and the Series B Preferred Stock, respectively, the Preferred Stock may be redeemed at Apollo’s option, in whole but not in part, upon at least 30 days’ notice, within 60 days of the occurrence of such change of control event or such tax redemption event, as applicable, at a price of $25.25 per share of Preferred Stock, plus declared and unpaid dividends to, but excluding, the redemption date, without payment of any undeclared dividends. If a certain rating agency event occurs prior to March 15, 2023, the Series B Preferred Stock may be redeemed at Apollo’s option, in whole but not in part, upon at least 30 days’ notice, within 60 days of the occurrence of such rating agency event, at a price of $25.50 per share of Series B Preferred Stock, plus declared and unpaid dividends to, but excluding, the redemption date, without payment of any undeclared dividends. If (i) a change of control event occurs (whether before, on or after March 15, 2022 and March 15, 2023 for the Series A Preferred Stock and the Series B Preferred Stock, respectively) and (ii) Apollo does not give notice prior to the 31st day following the change of control event to redeem all the outstanding Preferred Stock, the dividend rate per annum on the Preferred Stock will increase by 5.00%, beginning on the 31st day following such change of control event.
The Preferred Stock are not convertible into Class A Common Stock and have no voting rights, except in limited circumstances as provided in the Company’s certificate of incorporation. In connection with the issuance of the Preferred Stock, certain Apollo Operating Group entities issued for the benefit of Apollo a series of preferred units with economic terms that mirror those of the Preferred Stock.
Dividends and Distributions
The table below presents information regarding the quarterly dividends and distributions which were made at the sole discretion of the executive committee of the board of directors (in millions, except per share data). Certain subsidiaries of AGM Inc. may be subject to U.S. federal, state, local and non-U.S. income taxes at the entity level and may pay taxes and/or make payments under the tax receivable agreement in a given fiscal year; therefore, the net amounts ultimately distributed by AGM Inc. to its Class A Common Stockholders in respect of each fiscal year are generally expected to be less than the net amounts distributed to AOG Unitholders.
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NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)
(dollars in thousands, except share data, except where noted)
Dividend Declaration DateDividend per share of Class A Common StockPayment DateDividend to Class A Common StockholdersDistribution to Non-Controlling Interest Holders in the Apollo Operating GroupTotal Distributions from Apollo Operating GroupDistribution Equivalents on Participating Securities
January 30, 2020$0.89 February 28, 2020$205.6 $155.6 $361.2 $7.2 
N/A— April 15, 2020— 43.0 
(1)
43.0 — 
May 1, 20200.42May 29, 202096.2 85.7 181.9 3.6 
July 30, 20200.49August 31, 2020112.1 100.0 212.1 4.0 
October 29, 20200.51 November 30, 2020116.7 104.0 220.7 4.1 
For the Year Ended December 31, 2020$2.31 $530.6 $488.3 $1,018.9 $18.9 
February 03, 2021$0.60 February 26, 2021$139.2 $121.4 $260.6 $5.1 
N/A— April 14, 2021— 41.8 
(1)
41.8 — 
May 04, 20210.50 May 28, 2021115.5 100.9 216.4 4.0 
N/A— June 15, 2021— 19.5 
(1)
19.5 — 
For the Six Months Ended June 30, 2021$1.10 $254.7 $283.6 $538.3 $9.1 
(1)    On April 14, 2021 and April 15, 2020 the Company made a $0.15 and $0.21 per AOG Unit pro rata distribution, respectively, to the Non-Controlling Interest holders in the Apollo Operating Group, in connection with payments made under the tax receivable agreement. See note 14 for more information regarding the tax receivable agreement. On April 14, 2021 and June 15, 2021, the Company made a $0.03 and $0.08 per AOG Unit pro rata distribution, respectively, to the Non-Controlling Interest holders in the Apollo Operating Group, in connection with U.S. corporate tax payments.
Non-Controlling Interests
As discussed in note 1, Athene Holding acquired 29,154,519 non-voting equity interests of the Apollo Operating Group, which as of June 30, 2021 represented a 6.7% economic interest in the Apollo Operating Group. The table below presents equity interests in Apollo’s consolidated, but not wholly-owned, subsidiaries and funds. Net income and comprehensive income attributable to Non-Controlling Interests consisted of the following: 
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APOLLO GLOBAL MANAGEMENT, INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)
(dollars in thousands, except share data, except where noted)
For the Three Months Ended June 30,For the Six Months Ended June 30,
 2021202020212020
Net income (loss) attributable to Non-Controlling Interests in consolidated entities:
Interest in management companies and a co-investment vehicle(1)
$1,317 $1,031 $2,597 $1,279 
Other consolidated entities114,959 40,037 184,257 (124,620)
Net income (loss) attributable to Non-Controlling Interests in consolidated entities$116,276 $41,068 $186,854 $(123,341)
Net income (loss) attributable to Non-Controlling Interests in the Apollo Operating Group:
Net income (loss)$1,505,460 $999,085 $3,023,963 $(1,284,758)
Net income (loss) attributable to Non-Controlling Interests in consolidated entities(116,276)(41,068)(186,854)123,341 
Net income (loss) after Non-Controlling Interests in consolidated entities1,389,184 958,017 2,837,109 (1,161,417)
Adjustments:
Income tax provision (benefit)(2)
194,051 140,323 397,297 (155,530)
NYC UBT and foreign tax benefit(3)
(7,727)(3,181)(13,481)(10,643)
Net income (loss) in non-Apollo Operating Group entities1,253 10 4 18 
Series A Preferred Stock Dividends(4,383)(4,383)(8,766)(8,766)
Series B Preferred Stock Dividends(4,781)(4,782)(9,562)(9,563)
Total adjustments178,413 127,987 365,492 (184,484)
Net income (loss) after adjustments1,567,597 1,086,004 3,202,601 (1,345,901)
Weighted average ownership percentage of Apollo Operating Group46.6 %47.1 %46.6 %46.7 %
Net income (loss) attributable to Non-Controlling Interests in Apollo Operating Group$731,457 $511,688 $1,500,492 $(611,528)
Net income (loss) attributable to Non-Controlling Interests$847,733 $552,756 $1,687,346 $(734,869)
Other comprehensive income (loss) attributable to Non-Controlling Interests3,571 6,223 (10,193)(818)
Comprehensive Income (Loss) Attributable to Non-Controlling Interests$851,304 $558,979 $1,677,153 $(735,687)
(1)Reflects the remaining interest held by certain individuals who receive an allocation of income from certain of the credit funds managed by Apollo.
(2)Reflects all taxes recorded in our condensed consolidated statements of operations. Of this amount, U.S. federal, state, and local corporate income taxes attributable to AGM Inc. and its subsidiaries are added back to income of the Apollo Operating Group before calculating Non-Controlling Interests as the income allocable to the Apollo Operating Group is not subject to such taxes.
(3)Reflects New York City Unincorporated Business Tax (“NYC UBT”) and foreign taxes that are attributable to the Apollo Operating Group and its subsidiaries related to its operations in the U.S. as partnerships and in non-U.S. jurisdictions as corporations. As such, these amounts are considered in the income attributable to the Apollo Operating Group.
14. RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS AND INTERESTS IN CONSOLIDATED ENTITIES
Management fees, transaction and advisory fees and reimbursable expenses from the funds the Company manages and their portfolio companies are included in due from related parties in the condensed consolidated statements of financial condition. The Company also typically facilitates the payment of certain operating costs incurred by the funds that it manages as well as their related parties. These costs are normally reimbursed by such funds and are included in due from related parties. Other related party transactions include loans to employees and periodic sales of ownership interests in Apollo funds to employees. Due from related parties and due to related parties are comprised of the following:
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APOLLO GLOBAL MANAGEMENT, INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)
(dollars in thousands, except share data, except where noted)
As of
June 30, 2021		As of
December 31, 2020
Due from Related Parties:
Due from credit funds$206,904 $183,992 
Due from private equity funds25,318 21,169 
Due from real assets funds38,194 28,231 
Due from portfolio companies63,119 80,122 
Due from Contributing Partners, employees and former employees92,392 148,869 
Total Due from Related Parties$425,927 $462,383 
Due to Related Parties:
Due to Co-Founders and Contributing Partners$306,635 $310,230 
Due to credit funds31,876 34,280 
Due to private equity funds65,604 216,899 
Due to real assets funds35,547 47,060 
Total Due to Related Parties$439,662 $608,469 
Tax Receivable Agreement
Subject to certain restrictions, each of the Co-Founders and Contributing Partners has the right to exchange his vested AOG Units for the Company’s Class A Common Stock. All Operating Group entities have made, or will make, an election under Section 754 of the U.S. Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Internal Revenue Code”), which will result in an adjustment to the tax basis of the assets owned by the Apollo Operating Group at the time of the exchange. These exchanges will result in increases in the basis of underlying assets that will reduce the amount of tax that AGM Inc. and its subsidiaries will otherwise be required to pay in the future.
The tax receivable agreement provides for the payment to the Co-Founders and Contributing Partners of 85% of the amount of cash savings, if any, in U.S. federal, state, local and foreign income taxes that AGM Inc. and its subsidiaries realizes as a result of the increases in tax basis of assets that resulted from the 2007 Reorganization, the Conversion, and other exchanges of AOG Units for Class A Common Stock that have occurred in prior years. AGM Inc. and its subsidiaries retain the benefit from the remaining 15% of actual cash tax savings. If the Company does not make the required annual payment on a timely basis as outlined in the tax receivable agreement, interest is accrued on the balance until the payment date.
As a result of the exchanges of AOG Units for Class A Common Stock during the six months ended June 30, 2021 and 2020, a $38.2 million and $62.5 million liability was recorded, respectively, to estimate the amount of the future expected payments to be made by AGM Inc. and its subsidiaries to the Co-Founders and Contributing Partners pursuant to the tax receivable agreement. In April 2021, Apollo made a $39.9 million cash payment pursuant to the tax receivable agreement resulting from the realized tax benefit for the 2020 tax year. In connection with this payment, the Company made a corresponding pro rata distribution of $34.7 million ($0.15 per AOG Unit) to the Non-Controlling Interest holders in the Apollo Operating Group. In April 2020, Apollo made a $48.2 million cash payment pursuant to the tax receivable agreement resulting from the realized tax benefit for the 2019 tax year. In connection with this payment, the Company made a corresponding pro rata distribution of $43.0 million ($0.21 per AOG Unit) to the Non-Controlling Interest holders in the Apollo Operating Group.
Pursuant to the binding governance term sheet the Company entered into with the Co-Founders, all AOG Units beneficially owned by each holder of AOG Units (other than Athene) will be transferred to a wholly-owned subsidiary of a newly formed holding company (“NewCo”) and one or more of its affiliates in a series of transactions in exchange for (i) such number of shares of Class A common stock of NewCo equal to the aggregate number of AOG Units beneficially owned by such AOG Unit owners as of immediately prior to the mandatory exchange (such AOG Units, the “Outstanding AOG Units”) and (ii) an aggregate amount in cash equal to the product of (a) number of Outstanding AOG Units multiplied by (b) $3.66, payable over a period of four years in equal quarterly installments (the “AOG Unit Payment”); provided, however, that in the event that the Company consummates the transactions contemplated by the Merger Agreement simultaneously with the mandatory exchange, the AOG Unit Payment will be payable over the period between the date on which the transactions contemplated by the Merger Agreement are consummated and the third anniversary of the Mandatory Exchange Date in equal quarterly installments (such transactions collectively, the “mandatory exchange”).
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APOLLO GLOBAL MANAGEMENT, INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)
(dollars in thousands, except share data, except where noted)
The term sheet also states that the tax receivable agreement will not be applicable for the mandatory exchange, but will remain in effect for any exchanges occurring prior to the mandatory exchange date.
Due from Contributing Partners, Employees and Former Employees
As of June 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, due from Contributing Partners, Employees and Former Employees includes various amounts due to the Company including employee loans and return of profit sharing distributions. As of June 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, the balance included interest-bearing employee loans receivable of $15.8 million and $17.5 million, respectively. The outstanding principal amount of the loans as well as all accrued and unpaid interest is required to be repaid at the earlier of the eighth anniversary of the date of the relevant loan or at the date of the relevant employee’s resignation from the Company.
The Company recorded a receivable from the Contributing Partners and certain employees and former employees for the potential return of profit sharing distributions that would be due if certain funds were liquidated as of June 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020 of $67.7 million and $124.1 million, respectively.
Indemnity
Performance revenues from certain funds can be distributed to the Company on a current basis, but are subject to repayment by the subsidiaries of the Apollo Operating Group that act as general partners of the funds in the event that certain specified return thresholds are not ultimately achieved. The Co-Founders, Contributing Partners and certain other investment professionals have personally guaranteed, subject to certain limitations, the obligations of these subsidiaries in respect of this general partner obligation. Such guarantees are several and not joint and are limited to a particular Co-Founders’ or Contributing Partner’s distributions. Pursuant to an existing shareholders agreement, the Company has agreed to indemnify each of the Company’s Co-Founders and certain Contributing Partners against all amounts that they pay pursuant to any of these personal guarantees in favor of certain funds that the Company manages (including costs and expenses related to investigating the basis for or objecting to any claims made in respect of the guarantees) for all interests that the Company’s Co-Founders and Contributing Partners have contributed or sold to the Apollo Operating Group.
Accordingly, in the event that the Company’s Co-Founders, Contributing Partners and certain investment professionals are required to pay amounts in connection with a general partner obligation for the return of previously made distributions with respect to Fund IV, Fund V and Fund VI, the Company will be obligated to reimburse the Company’s Co-Founders and certain Contributing Partners for the indemnifiable percentage of amounts that they are required to pay even though the Company did not receive the certain distribution to which that general partner obligation related. The Company recorded an indemnification liability of $13.2 million and $12.8 million as of June 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively.
Due to Credit, Private Equity and Real Assets Funds
Based upon an assumed liquidation of certain of the credit, private equity and real assets funds the Company manages, the Company has recorded a general partner obligation to return previously distributed performance allocations, which represents amounts due to these funds. The general partner obligation is recognized based upon an assumed liquidation of a fund’s net assets as of the reporting date. The actual determination and any required payment of any such general partner obligation would not take place until the final disposition of a fund’s investments based on the contractual termination of the fund or as otherwise set forth in the respective limited partnership agreement or other governing document of the fund.
The following table presents the general partner obligation to return previously distributed performance allocations related to certain funds by segment:
As of
June 30, 2021		As of
December 31, 2020
Credit$— $— 
Private Equity65,289 215,011 
Real Assets35,367 46,860 
Total general partner obligation$100,656 $261,871 
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NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)
(dollars in thousands, except share data, except where noted)
Athene
Athene Holding, through its subsidiaries, is a leading retirement services company that issues, reinsures and acquires retirement savings products designed for the increasing number of individuals and institutions seeking to fund retirement needs. The products and services offered by Athene include fixed and fixed indexed annuity products, reinsurance services offered to third-party annuity providers; and institutional products, such as funding agreements. Athene Holding is currently listed on the New York Stock Exchange under the symbol “ATH”.
The Company provides asset management and advisory services to Athene, including asset allocation services, direct asset management services, asset and liability matching management, mergers and acquisitions, asset diligence hedging and other asset management services. On September 20, 2018, Athene and Apollo agreed to revise the existing fee arrangements (the “amended fee agreement”) between Athene and Apollo. The Company began recording fees pursuant to the amended fee agreement on January 1, 2019. The amended fee agreement provides for sub-allocation fees which vary based on portfolio allocation differentiation, as described below.
The amended fee agreement provides for a monthly fee to be payable by Athene to the Company in arrears, with retroactive effect to the month beginning on January 1, 2019, in an amount equal to the following, to the extent not otherwise payable to the Company pursuant to any one or more investment management or sub-advisory agreements or arrangements:
(i)    The Company, through its consolidated subsidiary Apollo Insurance Solutions Group LP, or ISG, earns a base management fee of 0.225% per year on the aggregate market value of substantially all of the assets in substantially all of the investment accounts of or relating to Athene (collectively, the “Athene Accounts”) up to $103.4 billion (the level of assets in the Athene Accounts as of January 1, 2019, excluding certain assets, the “Backbook Value”) and 0.150% per year on all assets in excess of $103.4 billion (the “Incremental Value”), respectively; plus
(ii)    with respect to each asset in an Athene Account, subject to certain exceptions, that is managed by the Company and that belongs to a specified asset class tier (“core,” “core plus,” “yield,” and “high alpha”), a sub-allocation fee as follows, which will, in the case of assets acquired after January 1, 2019, be subject to a cap of 10% of the applicable asset’s gross book yield:
As of
June 30, 2021
Sub-Allocation Fees:
Core Assets(1)
0.065 %
Core Plus Assets(2)
0.130 %
Yield Assets(3)
0.375 %
High Alpha Assets(4)
0.700 %
Other Assets (5)
— %
(1)Core assets include public investment grade corporate bonds, municipal securities, agency residential or commercial mortgage backed securities and obligations of any governmental agency or government sponsored entity that is not expressly backed by the U.S. government.
(2)Core plus assets include private investment grade corporate bonds, fixed rate first lien commercial mortgage loans and obligations issued or assumed by a financial institution (such an institution, a “financial issuer”) and determined by Apollo to be “Tier 2 Capital” under the Basel III recommendations developed by the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision (or any successor to such recommendations).
(3)Yield assets include non-agency residential mortgage-backed securities, investment grade collateralized loan obligations, certain asset-backed securities, commercial mortgage-backed securities, emerging market investments, below investment grade corporate bonds, subordinated debt obligations, hybrid securities or surplus notes issued or assumed by a financial issuer, as rated preferred equity, residential mortgage loans, bank loans, investment grade infrastructure debt and certain floating rate commercial mortgage loans.
(4)High alpha assets include subordinated commercial mortgage loans, below investment grade collateralized loan obligations, unrated preferred equity, debt obligations originated by MidCap, below investment grade infrastructure debt, certain loans originated directly by Apollo and agency mortgage derivatives.
(5)Other Assets include cash, treasuries, equities and alternatives. With respect to equities and alternatives, Apollo earns performance revenues of 0% to 20%.
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NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)
(dollars in thousands, except share data, except where noted)
Athene and Apollo Strategic Transaction
On October 28, 2019 Athene Holding, AGM Inc. and the entities that form the Apollo Operating Group entered into a Transaction Agreement, pursuant to which, among other things:
•(i) Athene Holding issued, on February 28, 2020 (the “Closing Date”), 35,534,942 Class A common shares of Athene Holding (the “AHL Class A Common Shares”) to certain subsidiaries of the Apollo Operating Group in exchange for (i) issuance by the Apollo Operating Group of 29,154,519 non-voting equity interests of the Apollo Operating Group to AHL and (ii) $350 million in cash (“Share Issuance”);
•Athene Holding granted to AGM Inc. the right to purchase additional AHL Class A Common Shares from the Closing Date until 180 days thereafter to the extent the issued and outstanding AHL Class A Common Shares beneficially owned by Apollo and certain of its related parties and employees (collectively, the “Apollo Parties”) (inclusive of AHL Class A Common Shares over which any such persons have a valid proxy) do not equal at least 35% of the issued and outstanding AHL Class A Common Shares, on a fully diluted basis;
•A representative of the Apollo Operating Group has the right to purchase up to that number of AHL Class A Common Shares that would increase by up to 5% the percentage of the issued and outstanding AHL Class A Common Shares beneficially owned by the Apollo Parties (inclusive of AHL Class A Common Shares over which any such persons have a valid proxy), calculated on a fully diluted basis;
•Athene Holding amended and restated its Twelfth Amended and Restated Bye-laws of Athene Holding to, among other items, eliminate Athene Holding’s multi-class share structure (“Multi-Class Share Elimination”). In connection with the Multi-Class Share Elimination, (i) all of the Class B common shares of Athene Holding would be converted into an equal number of AHL Class A Common Shares on a one-for-one basis and (ii) all of the Class M common shares of Athene Holding were converted into a combination of AHL Class A Common Shares and warrants to purchase AHL Class A Common Shares.
On February 28, 2020, Apollo and Athene closed on the strategic transaction discussed above. In connection with the transaction, Apollo purchased a 17% incremental equity stake in Athene at a premium, bringing Apollo’s beneficial ownership in Athene to 28%, or 35% including shares and warrants owned by related parties and employees, on a fully diluted basis. Apollo entered into a lock-up agreement restricting transfers of Apollo’s existing and newly acquired shares of Athene for three years from the Closing Date.
As of June 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, the Company held a 28.4% and an 28.5% ownership interest in the AHL Class A Common Shares, respectively.
Liquidity Agreement
In connection with the consummation of the Share Issuance and the Multi-Class Share Elimination, AGM Inc. also entered into a Liquidity Agreement, dated as of the Closing Date, with Athene Holding (the “Liquidity Agreement”), pursuant to which, once each quarter, Athene Holding is entitled to request to sell a number of AOG Units or request AGM Inc. to sell a number of shares of AGM Inc. Class A Common Stock or AOG Units representing at least $50 million, in each case, in exchange for payment of the Cash Amount (as defined below). If Athene Holding intends to exercise such sale request, it will provide a notice of such intent to sell such AOG Units to AGM Inc. Upon receipt of such notice, subject to certain restrictions described below, AGM Inc. will consummate, or, in the case of an AOG Transaction (as defined below), permit the consummation of, one of the following transactions:
•a transaction whereby AGM Inc. purchases AOG Units from Athene Holding at a price agreed upon, in good faith, by AGM Inc. and Athene Holding (a “Purchase Transaction”);
•if Athene Holding and AGM Inc. do not agree to consummate a Purchase Transaction, AGM Inc. will use its best efforts to consummate a public offering of AGM Inc. Class A Common Stock, the proceeds (net of certain commissions, fees and expenses consistent with customary and prevailing market practices for similar offerings) of which will be used to fund the purchase of AOG Units from Athene Holding (a “Registered Sale”);
•if AGM Inc. notifies Athene Holding that it cannot consummate a Registered Sale, upon Athene Holding’s request, AGM Inc. will use its best efforts to consummate a sale of AGM Inc. Class A Common Stock pursuant to an
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NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)
(dollars in thousands, except share data, except where noted)
exemption from the registration requirements of the Securities Act, the proceeds (net of certain commissions, fees and expenses consistent with customary and prevailing market practices for similar offerings) of which will be used to fund the purchase of AOG Units from Athene Holding (a “Private Placement,” and collectively with a Purchase Transaction and a Registered Sale, a “Sale Transaction”); or
•if AGM Inc. elects (in its sole discretion) not to consummate a Sale Transaction, Athene Holding will be permitted to sell AOG Units in one or more transactions that are exempt from the registration requirements of the Securities Act, subject to certain restrictions (an “AOG Transaction”).
For purposes of this description, “Cash Amount” means (i) in the case of a Registered Sale, the cash proceeds that AGM Inc. receives upon the consummation of a Registered Sale after deducting a capped amount of documented commissions, fees and expenses, (ii) in the case of a Purchase Transaction, the cash proceeds to which AGM Inc. and Athene Holding agree, (iii) in the case of a Private Placement, the cash proceeds that AGM Inc. receives upon the consummation of a Private Placement after deducting a capped amount of documented commissions, fees and expenses and (iv) in the case of an AOG Transaction, the cash proceeds to which the purchaser and Athene Holding agree. Each of the Purchase Transaction, Private Placement, Registered Sale and AOG Transaction are subject to the terms and conditions set forth in the Liquidity Agreement.
In the event that an AOG Transaction is consummated, the buyer of such AOG Units will be prohibited from exchanging such AOG Units into AGM Inc. Class A Common Stock for at least 30 days after such purchase. Athene Holding is prohibited from consummating an AOG Transaction with any purchaser (i) who would, after giving effect to such transfer, own more than 3.5% of the issued and outstanding AGM Inc. Class A Common Stock (on a fully-diluted basis) or (ii) who is a “bad actor” (as defined in Regulation D of the Act) or otherwise a prohibited transferee, as described in the Liquidity Agreement.
Athene Holding’s liquidity rights are subject to certain other limitations and obligations, including that in a Registered Sale or a Private Placement, AGM Inc. will not be required to sell any AGM Inc. Class A Common Stock at a price that is less than 90% of the volume-weighted average price of the AGM Inc. Class A Common Stock for the 10 consecutive business days prior to the day Athene Holding submits a notice for sale of AOG Units.
The Liquidity Agreement also provides that Athene Holding is prohibited from transferring its AOG Units other than to an affiliate or pursuant to the options set forth above. AGM Inc. has the right not to consummate a Registered Sale or a Private Placement if the recipient of the Class A Common Stock would receive more than 2.0% of the outstanding and issued shares of AGM Inc. Class A Common Stock. Additionally, AGM Inc. has the right not to consummate an AOG Transaction if the recipient would, following such AOG Transaction, be the beneficial owner of greater than 3.5% of the AOG Units.
Merger Agreement
On March 8, 2021, AGM Inc. entered into the Merger Agreement with AHL, HoldCo, AHL Merger Sub, and AGM Merger Sub.
The Merger Agreement provides that, upon the terms and subject to the conditions set forth therein, AGM Inc. and AHL will effect an all-stock merger transaction to combine their respective businesses through: (a) the AHL Merger, with AHL as the surviving entity in the AHL Merger and a direct wholly owned subsidiary of HoldCo and (b) the AGM Merger with AGM as the surviving entity in the AGM Merger and a direct wholly owned subsidiary of HoldCo. The Mergers are intended to become effective concurrently and, upon the consummation of the Mergers, AGM Inc. and AHL will be direct wholly owned subsidiaries of HoldCo. Following the Mergers and the closing of the transactions contemplated by the Merger Agreement, HoldCo will be renamed “Apollo Global Management, Inc.” The transaction is expected to close in January of 2022. The transaction requires the approval of stockholders of both Apollo and AHL, and is subject to, among other things, antitrust and regulatory approvals, and other customary closing conditions.
Upon the terms and subject to the conditions of the Merger Agreement, which has been approved by the boards of directors of both companies, as well as the conflicts committee of AGM’s board and a special committee of certain disinterested members of the board of directors of AHL, at the effective time of the AHL Merger, each issued and outstanding share of AHL Class A common stock, par value $0.001 per share (“AHL shares”) (other than AHL shares held by AHL as treasury shares (including HoldCo, AHL Merger Sub, AGM Merger Sub and the respective controlled funds of AGM Inc. or any direct or indirect wholly owned subsidiary of AGM Inc.)), will be converted automatically into the right to receive 1.149 duly authorized, validly issued, fully paid and nonassessable shares of Class A common stock, par value $0.00001 per share, of HoldCo (such shares, “HoldCo Shares”) and any cash paid in lieu of fractional HoldCo Shares. The exchange ratio is fixed and
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NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)
(dollars in thousands, except share data, except where noted)
will not be adjusted for changes in the market value of the AGM Class A Shares or the AHL Shares. No fractional HoldCo Shares will be issued in connection with the AHL Merger, and AHL’s shareholders will receive cash in lieu of any fractional HoldCo Shares.
Subject to the terms and conditions of the Merger Agreement, at the effective time of the AGM Merger, each issued and outstanding share of AGM Inc. Class A shares (other than Class A shares (a) held by AGM Inc. as treasury shares or (b) by AGM Merger Sub or any direct or indirect wholly owned subsidiary of AGM Inc.) will be converted automatically into one (1) HoldCo Share.
At the effective time of the AGM Merger, each of the issued and outstanding series of preferred shares of AGM Inc. will remain issued and outstanding as preferred shares of the AGM Surviving Entity, and at the effective time of the AHL Merger, each of the issued and outstanding preferred shares of AHL will remain issued and outstanding as preferred shares of the AHL Surviving Entity, in each case as described further in the Merger Agreement.
At the effective time of the AHL Merger, each of the issued and outstanding warrants of AHL that is outstanding immediately prior to the effective time of the AHL Merger will, automatically and without any action on the part of the holder of an AHL warrant, remain outstanding in accordance with its terms, or, alternatively, be exchanged for such consideration from HoldCo in connection with the transactions contemplated by the Merger Agreement as may be agreed in writing by AGM Inc. and AHL prior to the effective time of the AHL Merger.
At the effective time of the AHL Merger, each outstanding option to purchase AHL Shares, award of restricted AHL Shares and award of AHL restricted share units will be converted into a similar award (with the same terms and conditions) with respect to HoldCo Shares based on the exchange ratio, in each case, as described further in the Merger Agreement; except that outstanding awards of restricted AHL Shares and AHL restricted share units, in each case, that are subject to performance-based vesting conditions, will convert into time-based awards with respect to HoldCo Shares based on the applicable target-level of performance and will vest at the end of the applicable performance period.
At the effective time of the AGM Merger, each outstanding option to purchase AGM Inc. Class A shares, award of restricted AGM Inc. Class A shares and award of AGM Inc. restricted share units will be converted into a similar award (with the same terms and conditions, including any performance conditions) with respect to HoldCo Shares, in each case, as described further in the Merger Agreement.
The Merger Agreement contains certain termination rights and provides that, upon termination of the Merger Agreement, AGM Inc. will be obligated to pay AHL a cash termination fee of $81.9 million if: (i) the board of directors of AGM Inc. withdraws, suspends, withholds or in any manner adverse to AHL amends its recommendation of approval of the AGM Merger and the Merger Agreement by AGM stockholders, and (ii) AGM Inc. stockholder approval of the AGM Merger and the Merger Agreement is not obtained at the AGM Inc. stockholder meeting at which the AGM Merger and the Merger Agreement is submitted for approval.
Athora
The Company, through ISGI, provides investment advisory services to certain portfolio companies of Apollo funds and Athora, a strategic platform that acquires or reinsures blocks of insurance business in the German and broader European life insurance market (collectively, the “Athora Accounts”). The Company had commitments to make additional equity investments in Athora of $296.4 million as of June 30, 2021, subject to certain conditions.
Athora Sub-Advised
The Company, through ISGI, provides sub-advisory services with respect to a portion of the assets in certain portfolio companies of Apollo funds and the Athora Accounts. The Company broadly refers to “Athora Sub-Advised” assets as those assets in the Athora Accounts which the Company explicitly sub-advises as well as those assets in the Athora Accounts which are invested directly in funds and investment vehicles Apollo manages.

The Company earns a base management fee on the aggregate market value of substantially all of the investment accounts of or relating to Athora and also a sub-advisory fee on the Athora Sub-Advised assets, which varies depending on the specific asset class.
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The following table presents the revenues earned in aggregate from Athene and Athora:
For the Three Months Ended June 30,For the Six Months Ended June 30,
2021202020212020
Revenues earned in aggregate from Athene and Athora, net(1)(2)
$1,179,485 $463,823 $1,796,116 $(661,670)
(1)    Consisting of management fees, sub-advisory fees, performance revenues (net of related profit sharing expense) and changes in the market value of the Athene Holding shares owned directly by Apollo.
(2)    Gains (losses) on the market value of the shares of Athene Holding owned directly by Apollo were $912.0 million and $267.0 million for the three months ended June 30, 2021 and 2020, respectively, and $1.3 billion and $(996.4) million for the six months ended June 30, 2021 and 2020, respectively.
AINV Amended and Restated Investment Advisory Management Agreement
On May 17, 2018, the board of directors of AINV approved an amended and restated investment advisory management agreement with Apollo Investment Management, L.P., the Company’s consolidated subsidiary, which reduced the base management fee and revised the incentive fee on income to include a total return requirement. Effective April 1, 2018, the base management fee was reduced from 2.0% to 1.5% of the average value of AINV’s gross assets (excluding cash or cash equivalents but including other assets purchased with borrowed amounts) at the end of each of the two most recently completed calendar quarters; provided, however, the base management fee would be 1.0% of the average value of AINV’s gross assets (excluding cash or cash equivalents but including other assets purchased with borrowed amounts) that exceeds the product of (i) 200% and (ii) the value of AINV’s net asset value at the end of the most recently completed calendar quarter. In addition, beginning January 1, 2019, the incentive fee on income calculation included a total return requirement with a rolling twelve quarter look-back starting from April 1, 2018. The incentive fee rate remained 20% and the performance threshold remained 1.75% per quarter (7% annualized).
Regulated Entities
Apollo Global Securities, LLC (“AGS”) is a registered broker dealer with the SEC and is a member of the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority, subject to the minimum net capital requirements of the SEC. AGS was in compliance with these requirements at June 30, 2021. From time to time, this entity is involved in transactions with related parties of Apollo, including portfolio companies of the funds Apollo manages, as well as third parties, whereby AGS earns underwriting and transaction fees for its services.
Investment in SPACs
On October 6, 2020, APSG, a SPAC, completed an initial public offering, ultimately raising total gross proceeds of $817 million, including the underwriters’ subsequent partial exercise of their over-allotment option. In a private placement concurrent with the initial public offering, APSG sold warrants to APSG Sponsor, L.P., a subsidiary of Apollo, for total gross proceeds of $18.3 million. APSG Sponsor, L.P. also holds Class B ordinary shares of APSG. Apollo currently consolidates APSG as a voting interest entity, and thus all private placement warrants and Class B ordinary shares are eliminated in consolidation.
On February 12, 2021, APSG II, a SPAC, completed an initial public offering, raising total gross proceeds of $690 million, including the underwriters’ exercise in full of their over-allotment option. In a private placement concurrent with the initial public offering, APSG II sold warrants to APSG Sponsor II, L.P., a subsidiary of Apollo, for total gross proceeds of $15.6 million. APSG Sponsor II, L.P. also holds Class B ordinary shares of APSG II. Apollo currently consolidates APSG II as a voting interest entity, and thus all private placement warrants and Class B ordinary shares are eliminated in consolidation.
15. COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES
Investment Commitments—As a limited partner, general partner and manager of the Apollo funds, Apollo had unfunded capital commitments as of June 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020 of $1.0 billion and $1.0 billion, respectively, of which $253.7 million and $348.0 million, respectively, related to Fund IX.
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Debt Covenants—Apollo’s debt obligations contain various customary loan covenants. As of June 30, 2021, the Company was not aware of any instances of non-compliance with the financial covenants contained in the documents governing the Company’s debt obligations.
Litigation and Contingencies—Apollo is, from time to time, party to various legal actions arising in the ordinary course of business including claims and lawsuits, reviews, investigations or proceedings by governmental and self-regulatory agencies regarding its business.
On August 3, 2017, a complaint was filed in the United States District Court for the Middle District of Florida against AGM Inc., a senior partner of Apollo and a former principal of Apollo by Michael McEvoy on behalf of a purported class of employees of subsidiaries of CEVA Group, LLC (“CEVA Group”) who purchased shares in CEVA Investment Limited (“CIL”), the former parent company of CEVA Group. The complaint alleged that the defendants breached fiduciary duties to and defrauded the plaintiffs by inducing them to purchase shares in CIL and subsequently participating in a debt restructuring of CEVA Group in which shareholders of CIL did not receive a recovery. On February 9, 2018, the Bankruptcy Court for the Southern District of New York held that the claims asserted in the complaint were assets of CIL, which is a chapter 7 debtor, and that the complaint was null and void as a violation of the automatic stay. McEvoy subsequently revised his complaint to attempt to assert claims that do not belong to CIL. The amended complaint no longer named any individual defendants, but Apollo Management VI, L.P. and CEVA Group were added as defendants. The amended complaint sought damages of approximately €30 million and asserts, among other things, claims for violations of the Investment Advisers Act of 1940, breach of fiduciary duties, and breach of contract. On December 7, 2018, after receiving permission from the Bankruptcy Court, McEvoy filed his amended complaint in the District Court in Florida. On January 18, 2019, Apollo filed a motion to dismiss the amended complaint. A hearing on that motion was held December 3, 2019. On January 6, 2020, the Florida court granted in part Apollo’s motion to dismiss, dismissing McEvoy’s Investment Advisers Act claim with prejudice, and denying without prejudice Apollo’s motion with respect to the remaining claims, and directing the parties to conduct limited discovery, and submit new briefing, solely with respect to the statute of limitations. On July 30, 2020, Apollo and CEVA filed a joint motion for summary judgment on statute of limitations grounds. On June 29, the District Court issued a decision denying the defendants’ joint motion for summary judgment on statute of limitations grounds, and set deadlines on July 23, 2021 for the plaintiff to file an amended complaint and August 20, 2021 for defendants to answer or move to dismiss the amended complaint. Plaintiff filed his second amended complaint on July 23, 2021 which added alleged grounds for tolling the statute of limitations. Also on July 23, 2021, the defendants filed a joint motion for reconsideration with respect to aspects of the District Court’s June 29, 2021 decision. Apollo believes the claims in this action are without merit. Because this action is in the early stages, no reasonable estimate of possible loss, if any, can be made at this time.
On December 21, 2017, Harbinger Capital Partners II, LP, Harbinger Capital Partners Master Fund I, Ltd., Harbinger Capital Partners Special Situations Fund, L.P., Harbinger Capital Partners Special Situations GP, LLC, Harbinger Capital Partners Offshore Manager, L.L.C., Global Opportunities Breakaway Ltd. (in voluntary liquidation), and Credit Distressed Blue Line Master Fund, Ltd. (collectively, “Harbinger”) commenced an action in New York Supreme Court captioned Harbinger Capital Partners II LP et al. v. Apollo Global Management LLC, et al. (No. 657515/2017). The complaint named as defendants (i) AGM Inc., (ii) the funds managed by Apollo that invested in SkyTerra Communications, Inc. (“SkyTerra”) equity before selling their interests to Harbinger under an April 2008 agreement that closed in 2010, and (iii) six former SkyTerra directors, five of whom are current or former Apollo employees. The complaint alleged that during the period of Harbinger’s various equity and debt investments in SkyTerra, from 2004 to 2010, the defendants concealed from Harbinger material defects in SkyTerra technology that was to be used to create a new mobile wi-fi network. The complaint alleged that Harbinger would not have made investments in SkyTerra totaling approximately $1.9 billion had it known of the defects, and that the public disclosure of these defects ultimately led to SkyTerra filing for bankruptcy in 2012 (after it had been renamed LightSquared). The complaint asserted claims against (i) all defendants for fraud, civil conspiracy, and negligent misrepresentation, (ii) AGM Inc. and the Apollo-managed funds only for breach of fiduciary duty, breach of contract, and unjust enrichment, and (iii) the SkyTerra director defendants only for aiding and abetting breach of fiduciary duty. The complaint sought $1.9 billion in damages, as well as punitive damages, interest, costs, and fees. This action was stayed from February 14, 2018, through June 12, 2019. On February 14, 2018, the defendants moved the United States Bankruptcy Court for the Southern District of New York to reopen the LightSquared bankruptcy proceeding for the limited purpose of enforcing Harbinger’s assignment and release in that bankruptcy of the claims that it asserted in the New York state court action (the “Bankruptcy Motion”). Briefing and hearing on the Bankruptcy Motion were adjourned while the state court stay was pending. On June 12, 2019, Harbinger voluntarily discontinued the state action without prejudice subject to a tolling agreement, and Apollo voluntarily withdrew the Bankruptcy Motion subject to a right to refile the motion if Harbinger were to refile the state court action. On June 8, 2020, Harbinger refiled its litigation in New York Supreme Court, captioned Harbinger Capital Partners II, LP et al. v. Apollo Global Management, LLC et al. (No. 652342/2020).  The complaint adds eight new defendants:
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two former SkyTerra executives, one former SkyTerra consultant, and five entities (four of whom have since been dismissed) that were Harbinger’s counterparties in a transaction involving TVCC One Six Holdings LLC (“TVCC”).  It also adds three new claims relating to Harbinger’s contention that the new defendants induced Harbinger to buy TVCC to support SkyTerra’s network even though they allegedly knew that the network had material defects. The parties agreed to stay this action until November 15, 2020. On November 23, 2020, Defendants refiled the Bankruptcy Motion, and on November 24, 2020, filed in the state court a motion to stay the state court proceedings pending a ruling by the Bankruptcy Court on the Bankruptcy Motion. On February 1, 2021, the Bankruptcy Court denied the Bankruptcy Motion. On March 31, 2021, Defendants filed their motions to dismiss the New York Supreme Court action. Harbinger opposed those motions on June 15, 2021. Defendants’ replies were due on July 29, 2021. Apollo believes the claims in this action are without merit. Because this action is in the early stages, no reasonable estimate of possible loss, if any, can be made at this time.
Five shareholders filed substantially similar putative class action lawsuits in the Circuit Court of the Fifteenth Judicial Circuit in and for Palm Beach County, Florida in March, April, and May 2018, alleging violations of the Securities Act in connection with the January 19, 2018 IPO of ADT Inc. common stock. The actions were consolidated on July 10, 2018, and the case was re-captioned, In re ADT Inc. Shareholder Litigation. On August 24, 2018, the state-court plaintiffs filed a consolidated complaint naming as defendants ADT Inc., several ADT officers and directors, the IPO underwriters (including Apollo Global Securities, LLC), AGM Inc. and certain other Apollo affiliates. Plaintiffs generally alleged that the registration statement and prospectus for the IPO contained false and misleading statements and failed to disclose material information about certain litigation in which ADT was involved, ADT’s efforts to protect its intellectual property, and competitive pressures ADT faced. Defendants filed motions to dismiss the consolidated complaint on October 23, 2018, and those motions were fully briefed. On May 21, 2018, a similar shareholder class action lawsuit was filed in the United States District Court for the Southern District of Florida, naming as defendants ADT, several officers and directors, and AGM Inc. The federal action, captioned Perdomo v. ADT Inc., generally alleged that the registration statement was materially misleading because it failed to disclose ongoing deterioration in ADT’s financial results, along with certain customer and business metrics. On July 20, 2018, several alleged ADT shareholders filed competing motions to be named lead plaintiff in the federal action. On November 20, 2018, the court appointed a lead plaintiff, and on January 15, 2019, the lead plaintiff filed an amended complaint. The amended complaint named the same Apollo-affiliated defendants as the state-court action, along with three new Apollo entities. Defendants filed motions to dismiss on March 25, 2019. On July 26, 2019, the state court denied defendants’ motions to dismiss, except it reserved judgment on the question whether it has personal jurisdiction over certain defendants, including the Apollo defendants. On September 12, 2019, all parties to the state and federal actions reached a settlement in principle that would resolve both actions. The plaintiffs in the federal action voluntarily dismissed their action on October 28, 2019, and the settlement was submitted to the state court for approval. On January 8, 2021, the state court entered a final order and judgment approving the settlement and dismissing the state action with prejudice. The settlement requires no payment from any Apollo defendants.
On May 3, 2018, Caldera Holdings Ltd, Caldera Life Reinsurance Company, and Caldera Shareholder, L.P. (collectively, “Caldera”) filed a summons with notice in the Supreme Court of the State of New York, New York County, naming as defendants AGM Inc., Apollo Management, L.P., Apollo Advisors VIII, L.P., Apollo Capital Management VIII, LLC, Athene Asset Management, L.P., Athene Holding, Ltd., and Leon Black (collectively, “Defendants” and all but Athene Holding, Ltd., the “Apollo Defendants”). On July 12, 2018, Caldera filed a complaint, Index No. 652175/2018 (the “Complaint”), alleging three causes of action: (1) tortious interference with prospective business relations/prospective economic advantage; (2) defamation/trade disparagement/injurious falsehood; and (3) unfair competition. The Complaint sought damages of no less than $1.5 billion, as well as exemplary and punitive damages, attorneys’ fees, interest, and an injunction. Defendants moved to dismiss the Complaint on September 21, 2018 and Caldera filed an amended complaint on January 21, 2019 (the “Amended Complaint”). Defendants moved to dismiss the Amended Complaint, and the Apollo Defendants submitted to the Court a Final Arbitration Award issued on April 26, 2019 in a JAMS arbitration, finding Caldera, Imran Siddiqui, and Ming Dang liable for various causes of action, including breaches of fiduciary duty and/or aiding and abetting thereof. Oral argument on the motions to dismiss was held on May 31, 2019. On December 20, 2019, the Court issued a Decision and Order dismissing Caldera’s complaint in its entirety as against all Defendants. On December 23, 2019, the Apollo Defendants filed a Notice of Entry of the Decision and Order. On January 8, 2020, Caldera filed a Notice of Appeal.
On March 7, 2019, plaintiff Elizabeth Morrison filed an amended complaint in an action captioned Morrison v. Ray Berry, et. al., Case No. 12808-VCG, pending in the Delaware Court of Chancery, adding as defendants AGM Inc. and certain AGM Inc. affiliates. The original complaint had only named as defendants certain officers and directors (the “TFM defendants”) of The Fresh Market, Inc. (“TFM”), claiming that those defendants breached their fiduciary duties to the TFM shareholders in connection with their consideration and approval of a merger agreement between TFM and certain entities affiliated with Apollo, including by engaging in a sale process that improperly favored AGM Inc., and/or Apollo Management
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VIII, L.P., by agreeing to an inadequate price and by filing materially deficient disclosures regarding the transaction. In addition to AGM Inc., the amended complaint added as defendants Apollo Overseas Partners (Delaware 892) VIII, L.P., Apollo Overseas Partners (Delaware) VIII, L.P., Apollo Overseas Partners VIII, L.P., Apollo Management VIII, L.P., AIF VIII Management, LLC, Apollo Management, L.P., Apollo Management GP, LLC, Apollo Management Holdings, L.P., Apollo Management Holdings GP, LLC, APO Corp., AP Professional Holdings, L.P., Apollo Advisors VIII, L.P., Apollo Investment Fund VIII, L.P., Pomegranate Holdings, Inc., and other defendants. The amended complaint alleged that the Apollo defendants aided and abetted the breaches of fiduciary duties by the TFM defendants. After the defendants moved to dismiss the complaint on May 1, 2019, Plaintiff filed a second amended complaint on June 3, 2019, maintaining the same claim against the same Apollo defendants as the prior complaint. Defendants moved to dismiss the second amended complaint on July 12, 2019. On December 31, 2019, the court issued a decision dismissing certain of the TFM defendants while denying the motions of others. The court deferred ruling on the motions filed by several defendants, including the Apollo-affiliated defendants. On June 1, 2020, the Court granted the Apollo-affiliated defendants’ motion to dismiss, but the case remained pending against the officer defendants and TFM’s financial advisor in the transaction. On July 7, 2021, the court approved a settlement among the Plaintiff and the remaining defendants. The settlement required no payment from any Apollo-affiliated defendants.
On October 21, 2019, a putative class action complaint was filed in the Delaware Court of Chancery against Presidio, Inc. (“Presidio”), all of the members of Presidio’s board of directors (including five directors who are affiliated with Apollo), and BC Partners Advisors L.P. and Port Merger Sub, Inc. (together, “BCP”) challenging the then-pending acquisition of Presidio by BCP (the “Presidio Merger”). The action is captioned Firefighters Pension System of City of Kansas City, Missouri Trust v. Presidio, Inc. et al, C.A. No. 2019-0839-JTL. The original complaint alleged that the Presidio directors breached their fiduciary duties in connection with the negotiation of the Presidio Merger and that the disclosures Presidio made in its filings with the SEC in connection with the Presidio Merger omitted material information, and that BCP aided and abetted those alleged breaches. On November 5, 2019, the Court of Chancery held a hearing on a motion by plaintiffs to preliminarily enjoin the stockholder vote and denied that motion. On January 28, 2020, following the closing of the Presidio Merger, plaintiffs filed an amended class action complaint, adding as defendants AGM Inc. and AP VIII Aegis Holdings, L.P. (together, the “Apollo Defendants”) and LionTree Advisors, LLC (Presidio’s financial advisor in connection with the Presidio Merger). The amended complaint alleges, among other things, that the Presidio directors breached their fiduciary duties in connection with the Presidio Merger, that the filings with the SEC in connection with the Presidio Merger omitted material information, that the Apollo Defendants were controlling stockholders of Presidio and breached their alleged fiduciary duties to Presidio’s public stockholders, and that BCP, LionTree and the Apollo Defendants aided and abetted breaches of fiduciary duties. The amended complaint seeks, among other relief, declaratory relief, class certification, and unspecified money damages. The defendants completed briefing on motions to dismiss the amended complaint on April 30, 2020. On January 29, 2021, the Court of Chancery issued an opinion and accompanying orders granting the Apollo Defendants’ motion to dismiss, granting the motions to dismiss filed by the directors other than Presidio’s CEO, and denying motions to dismiss as to BCP, Liontree, and Presidio’s CEO. Apollo believes the claims in this action are without merit.
On November 1, 2019, plaintiff Benjamin Fongers filed a putative class action in Illinois Circuit Court, Cook County, against CareerBuilder, LLC (“CareerBuilder”) and AGM Inc. Plaintiff alleges that in March 2019, CareerBuilder changed its compensation plan so that sales representatives such as Fongers would (i) receive reduced commissions; and (ii) only be able to receive commissions for accounts they originated that were not reassigned to anyone else, a departure from the earlier plan.  Plaintiff also claims that the plan applied retroactively to deprive sales representatives of commissions to which they were earlier entitled.  Plaintiff alleges that AGM Inc. exercises complete control over CareerBuilder and thus, CareerBuilder acts as AGM Inc.’s agent.  Based on these allegations, Plaintiff alleges claims against both defendants for breach of written contract, breach of implied contract, unjust enrichment, violation of the Illinois Sales Representative Act, and violation of the Illinois Wage and Payment Collection Act. The defendants removed the action to the Northern District of Illinois on December 5, 2019, and Plaintiff moved to remand on January 6, 2020. On October 21, 2020, the District Court granted the motion to remand. On January 11, 2021, the District Court ordered the Clerk of Court to take the necessary steps to transfer the case back to Illinois Circuit Court, Cook County. On March 8, 2021, Plaintiff filed a motion under 28 U.S.C. § 1447(c) to recover attorneys’ fees of approximately $35,000 for the remand briefing. Defendants filed their opposition on March 31, 2021, and Plaintiff replied on April 14, 2021. Defendants filed motions to dismiss the complaint in the Illinois Circuit Court, Cook County on June 11; plaintiff filed his opposition briefs on July 23; defendants’ replies are due August 13; and a status conference is set for August 18, 2021. CareerBuilder has also filed a Motion for a Protective Order and to Stay Discovery pending the outcome of the motions to dismiss. That motion will be fully briefed on July 26, 2021. Apollo believes the claims in this action are without merit. Because this action is in the early stages, no reasonable estimate of possible loss, if any, can be made at this time.
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In March 2020, Frank Funds, which claims to be a former shareholder of MPM Holdings, Inc. (“MPM”), commenced an action in the Delaware Court of Chancery, captioned Frank Funds v. Apollo Global Management, Inc., et al., C.A. No. 2020-0130, against AGM Inc., certain former MPM directors (including three Apollo officers and employees), and members of the consortium that acquired MPM in a May 2019 merger. The complaint asserts, on behalf of a putative class of former MPM shareholders, a claim against Apollo for breach of its fiduciary duties as MPM’s alleged controlling shareholder in connection with the May 2019 merger in which a consortium acquired MPM. Frank Funds seeks unspecified compensatory damages. Apollo believes the claims in this action are without merit. On July 1, 2020, Apollo moved to dismiss the complaint; briefing on that motion did not occur because the complaint was superseded, as described herein. On July 23, 2019, a group of former MPM shareholders filed an appraisal petition in Delaware Chancery Court seeking the fair value of their MPM shares that were purchased through MPM’s May 15, 2019 merger with a consortium of buyers, in an action captioned In re Appraisal of MPM Holdings, Inc., C.A. No. 2019-0519 (Del. Ch.). While Apollo was not a party to the appraisal action, it was served a document subpoena on October 22, 2019, to which it responded. On June 3, 2020, petitioners moved for leave to file a verified amended appraisal petition and class-action complaint that included claims for breach of fiduciary duty and/or aiding and abetting breaches of fiduciary duty against AGM Inc., the Apollo-affiliated fund that owned MPM’s shares before the merger, certain former MPM directors (including three Apollo employees), and members of the consortium that acquired MPM, based on alleged actions related to the May 2019 merger. The petitioners also sought to consolidate their appraisal proceeding with the Frank Funds action, and notified the Delaware Chancery Court via letter on September 23, 2020, that they had reached an agreement in principle with Frank Funds to consolidate the two cases. On November 13, 2020, the Chancery Court granted the parties’ stipulated order to consolidate the two matters, and on December 21, 2020, the Chancery Court granted petitioners’ motion for leave to file the proposed amended complaint. This new consolidated action is captioned In Re MPM Holdings Inc. Appraisal and Stockholder Litigation, C.A. No. 2019-0519 (Del Ch.). Defendants filed motions to dismiss the amended complaint on February 19, 2021, and the motions were fully briefed on July 26, 2021. Apollo believes the claims in this action are without merit. Because this action is in the early stages, no reasonable estimate of possible loss, if any, can be made at this time.
On March 12, 2020, AGM Inc. and several investment funds managed by subsidiaries of AGM Inc. (the “Apollo Funds”) were added as defendants in a class action filed by plaintiff Zachary Blair on December 7, 2017, in the Superior Court of California.  Plaintiff alleges he is a former employee of Classic Party Rentals, a party equipment rental company previously owned by the Apollo Funds. Plaintiff alleges that Classic Party Rentals failed to comply with California wage and hour and related laws, and also has asserted claims based on various provisions of the California labor code and California’s unfair competition laws. On October 11, 2019, the court certified a class of current and former non-exempt drivers, assistant drivers, and organizer employees of Classic Party Rentals who were paid on an hourly basis and who worked at Classic Party Rentals in California at any time from December 7, 2013, through the date of the class certification order. After being served with the Complaint in July 2020, a co-defendant removed the matter to the U.S. District Court for the Eastern District of California on August 24, 2020, and AGM Inc. and the Apollo Funds filed a motion to dismiss all claims against them on September 23, 2020. On March 24, 2021, the motion to dismiss was granted and the court dismissed the complaint without prejudice. On June 21, 2021, pursuant to a settlement reached by the parties, the court dismissed with prejudice the plaintiff’s individual claims and without prejudice the putative class claims against AGM Inc. and the Apollo Funds.
On May 29, 2020, plaintiff Vrajeshkumar Patel filed a putative stockholder derivative and class action complaint in the Delaware Court of Chancery against Talos Energy, Inc. (“Talos”), all of the members of Talos’s board of directors (including two Apollo partners), Riverstone Holdings, LLC (“Riverstone”), AGM Inc., and Guggenheim Securities, LLC in connection with the acquisition of certain assets from Castex Energy 2014, LLC and ILX Holdings, LLC in February 2020. The complaint asserts, on behalf of a putative class of shareholders and Talos, direct and derivative claims against Apollo, Riverstone, and the individual defendants for breach of their fiduciary duties. The plaintiff alleges that Apollo and Riverstone comprise a controlling shareholder group. The complaint seeks, among other relief, class certification and unspecified money damages. On August 4, 2020, the defendants filed motions to dismiss the complaint in its entirety. The motion is now fully briefed and oral argument was held on February 19, 2021. On May 17, 2021, Vice Chancellor Zurn sent a letter to counsel ordering that the Riverstone funds and Apollo funds that hold the relevant Talos stock be joined as necessary parties. The parties filed a stipulation, which was entered by the court on June 7, 2021, adding Riverstone Talos Energy Equityco LLC, Riverstone Talos Energy Debtco LLC, Apollo Talos Holdings, L.P., and AP Talos Energy Debtco LLC as defendants in the action. These parties adopted the arguments previously advanced by the Riverstone and Apollo defendants, and did not engage in any separate briefing or argument. Apollo believes the claims in this action are without merit. Because this action is in the early stages, no reasonable estimate of possible loss, if any, can be made at this time. 
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On August 4, 2020, a putative class action complaint was filed in the United States District Court for the District of Nevada against PlayAGS Inc. (“PlayAGS”), all of the members of PlayAGS’s board of directors (including three directors who are affiliated with Apollo), certain underwriters of PlayAGS (including Apollo Global Securities, LLC), as well as AGM Inc., Apollo Investment Fund VIII, L.P., Apollo Gaming Holdings, L.P., and Apollo Gaming Voteco, LLC (these last four parties, together, the “Apollo Defendants”). The complaint asserts claims arising under the Securities Act of 1933 in connection with certain secondary offerings of PlayAGS stock conducted in August 2018 and March 2019, alleging that the registration statements issued in connection with those offerings did not fully disclose certain business challenges facing PlayAGS. Such claims are asserted against all defendants, including Apollo Global Securities, LLC and the Apollo Defendants, as well as all directors (including the directors affiliated with Apollo). The complaint further asserts a control person claim under Section 20(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 against the Apollo Defendants and the director defendants (including the directors affiliated with Apollo), alleging that the Apollo Defendants and the director defendants were responsible for certain misstatements and omissions by PlayAGS about its business during a putative class period from May 3, 2018 through August 7, 2019. Plaintiffs filed a consolidated amended complaint on January 21, 2021, and they filed a further amended complaint on March 25, 2021. Apollo filed a motion to dismiss on May 24, 2021. Plaintiffs filed an opposition to the motion to dismiss on July 23, 2021. Apollo’s reply brief is due September 13, 2021. Apollo believes the claims in this action are without merit. Because this action is in the early stages, no reasonable estimate of possible loss, if any, can be made at this time.
Commitments and Contingencies—Other long-term obligations relate to payments with respect to certain consulting agreements entered into by Apollo Investment Consulting LLC, a subsidiary of Apollo, as well as long-term service contracts. A significant portion of these costs are reimbursable by funds or portfolio companies. As of June 30, 2021, fixed and determinable payments due in connection with these obligations were as follows:
Remaining 20212022202320242025ThereafterTotal
Other long-term obligations$21,523 $7,555 $2,020 $820 $711 $711 $33,340 
Contingent Obligations—Performance allocations with respect to certain funds are subject to reversal in the event of future losses to the extent of the cumulative revenues recognized in income to date. If all of the existing investments became worthless, the amount of cumulative revenues that have been recognized by Apollo through June 30, 2021 and that would be reversed approximates $4.1 billion. Management views the possibility of all of the investments becoming worthless as remote. Performance allocations are affected by changes in the fair values of the underlying investments in the funds that Apollo manages. Valuations, on an unrealized basis, can be significantly affected by a variety of external factors including, but not limited to, bond yields and industry trading multiples. Movements in these items can affect valuations quarter to quarter even if the underlying business fundamentals remain stable.
Additionally, at the end of the life of certain funds that the Company manages, there could be a payment due to a fund by the Company if the Company, as general partner, has received more performance allocations than was ultimately earned. The general partner obligation amount, if any, will depend on final realized values of investments at the end of the life of each fund or as otherwise set forth in the respective limited partnership agreement of the fund. See note 14 to our condensed consolidated financial statements for further details regarding the general partner obligation.
Certain funds may not generate performance allocations as a result of unrealized and realized losses that are recognized in the current and prior reporting period. In certain cases, performance allocations will not be generated until additional unrealized and realized gains occur. Any appreciation would first cover the deductions for invested capital, unreturned organizational expenses, operating expenses, management fees and priority returns based on the terms of the respective fund agreements.
One of the Company’s subsidiaries, AGS, provides underwriting commitments in connection with securities offerings of related parties of Apollo, including portfolio companies of the funds Apollo manages, as well as third parties. As of June 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, there were no open underwriting commitments.
In connection with the launch of a non-traded business development company (“BDC”), the Company agreed to guarantee a commitment to purchase the underlying portfolio investment, in the event the BDC does not raise sufficient third party capital. The Company’s maximum commitment is $510 million, and is backstopped by an unconsolidated related party fund up to $500 million. The likelihood that performance under the guarantee arrangement will be required is determined to be remote.
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APOLLO GLOBAL MANAGEMENT, INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)
(dollars in thousands, except share data, except where noted)
Merger Agreement Termination Fee—In connection with the merger with Athene Holding, the Merger Agreement contains certain termination rights and provides that, upon termination of the Merger Agreement, AGM Inc. will be obligated to pay AHL a cash termination fee of $81.9 million. See note 14 for further disclosure regarding the Merger Agreement and termination fee.
Contingent Consideration—In connection with the acquisition of Stone Tower in April 2012, the Company agreed to pay the former owners of Stone Tower a specified percentage of any future performance revenues earned from certain of the Stone Tower funds, CLOs, and strategic investment accounts. This contingent consideration liability was determined based on the present value of estimated future performance revenue payments, and is recorded in profit sharing payable in the condensed consolidated statements of financial condition. The fair value of the remaining contingent obligation was $129.0 million and $119.8 million as of June 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively.
The contingent consideration obligations will be remeasured to fair value at each reporting period until the obligations are satisfied and are characterized as Level III liabilities. The changes in the fair value of the contingent consideration obligations is reflected in profit sharing expense in the condensed consolidated statements of operations. See note 6 for further information regarding fair value measurements.
16. SEGMENT REPORTING
Apollo conducts its business primarily in the United States through three reportable segments: credit, private equity and real assets. Segment information is utilized by our chief operating decision maker to assess performance and to allocate resources. These segments were established based on the nature of investment activities in each underlying fund, including the specific type of investment made and the level of control over the investment.
The performance is measured by the Company’s chief operating decision maker on an unconsolidated basis because management makes operating decisions and assesses the performance of each of Apollo’s business segments based on financial and operating metrics and data that exclude the effects of consolidation of any of the affiliated funds.
Segment Distributable Earnings
Segment Distributable Earnings, or “Segment DE”, is the key performance measure used by management in evaluating the performance of Apollo’s credit, private equity and real assets segments. Management believes the components of Segment DE, such as the amount of management fees, advisory and transaction fees and realized performance fees, are indicative of the Company’s performance. Management uses Segment DE in making key operating decisions such as the following:
•Decisions related to the allocation of resources such as staffing decisions including hiring and locations for deployment of the new hires;
•Decisions related to capital deployment such as providing capital to facilitate growth for the business and/or to facilitate expansion into new businesses;
•Decisions related to expenses, such as determining annual discretionary bonuses and equity-based compensation awards to its employees. With respect to compensation, management seeks to align the interests of certain professionals and selected other individuals with those of the investors in the funds and those of Apollo’s stockholders by providing such individuals a profit sharing interest in the performance fees earned in relation to the funds. To achieve that objective, a certain amount of compensation is based on Apollo’s performance and growth for the year; and
•Decisions related to the amount of earnings available for dividends to Class A Common Stockholders, holders of RSUs that participate in dividends and holders of AOG Units that participate in dividends.
Segment DE is a measure of profitability and has certain limitations in that it does not take into account certain items included under U.S. GAAP. Segment DE represents the amount of Apollo’s net realized earnings, excluding the effects of the consolidation of any of the related funds and SPACs, taxes and related payables, transaction-related charges and any acquisitions. Transaction-related charges includes equity-based compensation charges, the amortization of intangible assets, contingent consideration, and certain other charges associated with acquisitions, and restructuring charges. In addition, Segment
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APOLLO GLOBAL MANAGEMENT, INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)
(dollars in thousands, except share data, except where noted)
DE excludes non-cash revenue and expense related to equity awards granted by unconsolidated related parties to employees of the Company, compensation and administrative related expense reimbursements, as well as the assets, liabilities and operating results of the funds and variable interest entities that are included in the condensed consolidated financial statements. Segment DE also excludes impacts of the remeasurement of the tax receivable agreement liability recorded in other income, which arises from changes in the associated deferred tax balance.
Segment DE may not be comparable to similarly titled measures used by other companies and is not a measure of performance calculated in accordance with U.S. GAAP. We use Segment DE as a measure of operating performance, not as a measure of liquidity. Segment DE should not be considered in isolation or as a substitute for net income or other income data prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP. The use of Segment DE without consideration of related U.S. GAAP measures is not adequate due to the adjustments described above. Management compensates for these limitations by using Segment DE as a supplemental measure to U.S. GAAP results, to provide a more complete understanding of our performance as management measures it. A reconciliation of Segment DE to its most directly comparable U.S. GAAP measure of income (loss) before income tax provision can be found in this footnote.
Fee Related Earnings
Fee Related Earnings (“FRE”) is derived from our segment reported results and refers to a component of Segment DE that is used as a supplemental performance measure to assess whether revenues that we believe are generally more stable and predictable in nature, primarily consisting of management fees, are sufficient to cover associated operating expenses and generate profits. FRE is the sum across all segments of (i) management fees, (ii) advisory and transaction fees, (iii) performance fees related to business development companies, Redding Ridge Holdings LP (“Redding Ridge Holdings”), an affiliate of Redding Ridge, and MidCap and (iv) other income, net, less (x) salary, bonus and benefits, excluding equity-based compensation, (y) other associated operating expenses and (z) non-controlling interests in the management companies of certain funds the Company manages.
The following tables present financial data for Apollo’s reportable segments.
 As of and for the Three Months Ended June 30, 2021
 Credit
Segment		Private Equity
Segment		Real Assets
Segment		Total Reportable
Segments
Management fees$273,307 $123,106 $65,823 $462,236 
Advisory and transaction fees, net54,757 27,047 1,431 83,235 
Performance fees(1)
8,075 — — 8,075 
Fee Related Revenues336,139 150,153 67,254 553,546 
Salary, bonus and benefits(75,299)(58,856)(30,003)(164,158)
General, administrative and other(43,590)(27,546)(15,455)(86,591)
Placement fees(589)— — (589)
Fee Related Expenses(119,478)(86,402)(45,458)(251,338)
Other income (loss), net of Non-Controlling Interest(990)696 (304)(598)
Fee Related Earnings215,671 64,447 21,492 301,610 
Realized performance fees103,789 361,793 3,174 468,756 
Realized profit sharing expense(71,970)(173,191)(1,392)(246,553)
Net Realized Performance Fees31,819 188,602 1,782 222,203 
Realized principal investment income, net(2)
2,588 67,102 451 70,141 
Net interest loss and other(11,869)(13,738)(11,453)(37,060)
Segment Distributable Earnings(3)
$238,209 $306,413 $12,272 $556,894 
Total Assets(3)
$6,100,580 $4,868,181 $785,017 $11,753,778 
(1)Represents certain performance fees related to business development companies, Redding Ridge Holdings and MidCap.
(2)Realized principal investment income, net includes dividends from our permanent capital vehicles, net of such amounts used to compensate employees.
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APOLLO GLOBAL MANAGEMENT, INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)
(dollars in thousands, except share data, except where noted)
(3)Refer below for a reconciliation of total revenues, total expenses, other loss and total assets for Apollo’s total reportable segments to total consolidated revenues, total consolidated expenses, total consolidated other income (loss) and total assets.
 For the Three Months Ended June 30, 2020
 Credit
Segment		Private Equity
Segment		Real Assets
Segment		Total Reportable
Segments
Management fees$224,721 $127,592 $49,509 $401,822 
Advisory and transaction fees, net13,756 44,802 3,191 61,749 
Performance fees(1)
3,440 — — 3,440 
Fee Related Revenues241,917 172,394 52,700 467,011 
Salary, bonus and benefits(52,806)(53,202)(28,991)(134,999)
General, administrative and other(37,251)(21,770)(12,782)(71,803)
Placement fees(358)— — (358)
Fee Related Expenses(90,415)(74,972)(41,773)(207,160)
Other income (loss), net of Non-Controlling Interest(724)2 116 (606)
Fee Related Earnings150,778 97,424 11,043 259,245 
Realized performance fees4,359 3,549 2,929 10,837 
Realized profit sharing expense(4,359)(3,549)(2,929)(10,837)
Net Realized Performance Fees— — — — 
Realized principal investment income, net(2)
1,810 3,404 5 5,219 
Net interest loss and other(11,857)(11,686)(5,507)(29,050)
Segment Distributable Earnings (3)
$140,731 $89,142 $5,541 $235,414 
(1)Represents certain performance fees related to business development companies and Redding Ridge Holdings and Midcap.
(2)Realized principal investment income, net includes dividends from our permanent capital vehicles, net of such amounts used to compensate employees.
(3)Refer below for a reconciliation of total revenues, total expenses and other income (loss) for Apollo’s total reportable segments to total consolidated revenues, total consolidated expenses and total consolidated other income (loss) and total assets.
     The following table reconciles total consolidated revenues to total revenues for Apollo’s reportable segments:
 For the Three Months Ended June 30,
20212020
Total Consolidated Revenues$1,382,325 $1,508,335 
Equity awards granted by unconsolidated related parties, reimbursable expenses and other(1)
(34,119)(24,847)
Adjustments related to consolidated funds and VIEs(1)
32,609 16,165 
Performance fees(2)
(748,508)(918,493)
Principal investment income (78,761)(114,149)
Total Fee Related Revenues553,546 467,011 
Realized performance fees468,756 10,837 
Realized principal investment income, net and other70,141 4,376 
Total Segment Revenues$1,092,443 $482,224 
(1)Represents advisory fees, management fees and performance fees earned from consolidated VIEs which are eliminated in consolidation. Includes non-cash revenues related to equity awards granted by unconsolidated related parties to employees of the Company and certain compensation and administrative related expense reimbursements.
(2)Excludes certain performance fees from business development companies, Redding Ridge Holdings and MidCap.
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APOLLO GLOBAL MANAGEMENT, INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)
(dollars in thousands, except share data, except where noted)
The following table reconciles total consolidated expenses to total expenses for Apollo’s reportable segments:
 For the Three Months Ended June 30,
20212020
Total Consolidated Expenses$746,787 $702,777 
Equity awards granted by unconsolidated related parties, reimbursable expenses and other(1)
(37,886)(21,662)
Reclassification of interest expenses(34,814)(32,291)
Transaction-related charges, net(1)
(31,572)(32,110)
Equity-based compensation(19,491)(17,747)
Total profit sharing expense(2)
(371,686)(389,987)
Dividend-related compensation expense— (1,820)
Total Fee Related Expenses251,338 207,160 
Realized profit sharing expense246,553 10,837 
Total Segment Expenses$497,891 $217,997 
(1)Represents the addition of expenses of consolidated funds and VIEs, transaction-related charges, non-cash expenses related to equity awards granted by unconsolidated related parties to employees of the Company and certain compensation and administrative expenses. Transaction-related charges include equity-based compensation charges, the amortization of intangible assets, contingent consideration and certain other charges associated with acquisitions, and restructuring charges.
(2)Includes unrealized profit sharing expense, realized profit sharing expense and equity-based profit sharing expense and other.
The following table reconciles total consolidated other income (loss) to total other loss for Apollo’s reportable segments:
 For the Three Months Ended June 30,
20212020
Total Consolidated Other Income (Loss)$1,063,973 $333,850 
Adjustments related to consolidated funds and VIEs(1)
(147,661)(56,197)
Net (gains) losses from investment activities(913,751)(270,112)
Interest income and other, net of Non-Controlling Interest(3,159)(8,147)
Other Income, net of Non-Controlling Interest(598)(606)
Net interest loss and other(37,060)(28,207)
Total Segment Other Loss$(37,658)$(28,813)
(1)Represents the addition of other income of consolidated funds and VIEs.
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APOLLO GLOBAL MANAGEMENT, INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)
(dollars in thousands, except share data, except where noted)
The following table presents the reconciliation of income before income tax provision reported in the condensed consolidated statements of operations to Segment Distributable Earnings:
For the Three Months Ended June 30,
20212020
Income before income tax (provision) benefit$1,699,511 $1,139,408 
Transaction-related charges(1)
31,572 32,110 
Net income attributable to Non-Controlling Interests in consolidated entities(116,276)(41,068)
Unrealized performance fees(279,750)(907,656)
Unrealized profit sharing expense98,141 340,687 
Equity-based profit sharing expense and other(2)
26,992 38,463 
Equity-based compensation19,491 17,747 
Unrealized principal investment (income) loss(8,620)(107,110)
Unrealized net (gains) losses from investment activities and other(914,167)(277,167)
Segment Distributable Earnings$556,894 $235,414 
(1)    Transaction-related charges include equity-based compensation charges, the amortization of intangible assets, contingent consideration and certain other charges associated with acquisitions, and restructuring charges.
(2)    Equity-based profit sharing expense and other includes certain profit sharing arrangements in which a portion of performance fees distributed to the general partner are allocated by issuance of equity-based awards, rather than cash, to employees of Apollo. Equity-based profit sharing expense and other also includes non-cash expenses related to equity awards granted by unconsolidated related parties to employees of Apollo.
 As of and for the Six Months Ended June 30, 2021
 Credit
Segment		Private Equity
Segment		Real Assets
Segment		Total Reportable
Segments
Management fees$541,338 $245,374 $124,193 $910,905 
Advisory and transaction fees, net87,887 48,378 2,465 138,730 
Performance fees(1)
16,846 — — 16,846 
Fee Related Revenues646,071 293,752 126,658 1,066,481 
Salary, bonus and benefits(144,678)(117,605)(59,246)(321,529)
General, administrative and other(80,219)(48,675)(26,345)(155,239)
Placement fees(1,066)— — (1,066)
Fee Related Expenses(225,963)(166,280)(85,591)(477,834)
Other income (loss), net of Non-Controlling Interest(1,549)1,419 (251)(381)
Fee Related Earnings418,559 128,891 40,816 588,266 
Realized performance fees118,160 432,714 24,636 575,510 
Realized profit sharing expense(79,924)(210,781)(13,604)(304,309)
Net Realized Performance Fees38,236 221,933 11,032 271,201 
Realized principal investment income, net(2)
4,435 88,805 3,535 96,775 
Net interest loss and other(25,654)(27,236)(17,676)(70,566)
Segment Distributable Earnings(3)
$435,576 $412,393 $37,707 $885,676 
Total Assets(3)
$6,100,580 $4,868,181 $785,017 $11,753,778 
(1)Represents certain performance fees related to business development companies, Redding Ridge Holdings and MidCap.
(2)Realized principal investment income, net includes dividends from our permanent capital vehicles, net of such amounts used to compensate employees.
(3)Refer below for a reconciliation of total revenues, total expenses, other loss and total assets for Apollo’s total reportable segments to total consolidated revenues, total consolidated expenses, total consolidated other income (loss) and total assets.
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APOLLO GLOBAL MANAGEMENT, INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)
(dollars in thousands, except share data, except where noted)
 For the Six Months Ended June 30, 2020
 Credit
Segment		Private Equity
Segment		Real Assets
Segment		Total Reportable
Segments
Management fees$432,950 $252,860 $98,380 $784,190 
Advisory and transaction fees, net29,023 65,145 4,313 98,481 
Performance fees(1)
5,844 — — 5,844 
Fee Related Revenues467,817 318,005 102,693 888,515 
Salary, bonus and benefits(109,814)(95,682)(53,524)(259,020)
General, administrative and other(72,624)(43,764)(23,768)(140,156)
Placement fees(664)(107)— (771)
Fee Related Expenses(183,102)(139,553)(77,292)(399,947)
Other loss, net of Non-Controlling Interest(1,387)25 95 (1,267)
Fee Related Earnings283,328 178,477 25,496 487,301 
Realized performance fees30,220 4,692 41,671 76,583 
Realized profit sharing expense(29,916)(4,996)(41,671)(76,583)
Net Realized Performance Fees304 (304)— — 
Realized principal investment income, net(2)
3,184 3,946 3,672 10,802 
Net interest loss and other(28,971)(27,360)(9,853)(66,184)
Segment Distributable Earnings (3)
$257,845 $154,759 $19,315 $431,919 
(1)Represents certain performance fees related to business development companies, Redding Ridge Holdings and Midcap.
(2)Realized principal investment income, net includes dividends from our permanent capital vehicles, net of such amounts used to compensate employees.
(3)Refer below for a reconciliation of total revenues, total expenses and other income (loss) for Apollo’s total reportable segments to total consolidated revenues, total consolidated expenses and total consolidated other income (loss) and total assets.
     The following table reconciles total consolidated revenues to total revenues for Apollo’s reportable segments:
 For the Six Months Ended June 30,
20212020
Total Consolidated Revenues$3,677,025 $39,249 
Equity awards granted by unconsolidated related parties, reimbursable expenses and other(1)
(67,674)(60,688)
Adjustments related to consolidated funds and VIEs(1)
75,033 14,714 
Performance fees(2)
(2,145,760)815,942 
Principal investment (income) loss(472,143)79,298 
Total Fee Related Revenues1,066,481 888,515 
Realized performance fees575,510 76,583 
Realized principal investment income, net and other96,775 9,117 
Total Segment Revenues$1,738,766 $974,215 
(1)Represents advisory fees, management fees and performance fees earned from consolidated VIEs which are eliminated in consolidation. Includes non-cash revenues related to equity awards granted by unconsolidated related parties to employees of the Company and certain compensation and administrative related expense reimbursements.
(2)Excludes certain performance fees from business development companies, Redding Ridge Holdings and MidCap.
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APOLLO GLOBAL MANAGEMENT, INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)
(dollars in thousands, except share data, except where noted)
The following table reconciles total consolidated expenses to total expenses for Apollo’s reportable segments:
 For the Six Months Ended June 30,
20212020
Total Consolidated Expenses$1,768,531 $374,343 
Equity awards granted by unconsolidated related parties, reimbursable expenses and other(1)
(77,488)(53,873)
Reclassification of interest expenses(69,613)(63,533)
Transaction-related charges, net(1)
(51,666)(10,711)
Charges associated with corporate conversion (2)
— (1,064)
Equity-based compensation(35,649)(31,817)
Total profit sharing expense(3)
(1,053,306)190,962 
Dividend-related compensation expense(2,975)(4,360)
Total Fee Related Expenses477,834 399,947 
Realized profit sharing expense304,309 76,583 
Total Segment Expenses$782,143 $476,530 
(1)Represents the addition of expenses of consolidated funds and VIEs, transaction-related charges, non-cash expenses related to equity awards granted by unconsolidated related parties to employees of the Company and certain compensation and administrative expenses. Transaction-related charges include equity-based compensation charges, the amortization of intangible assets, contingent consideration and certain other charges associated with acquisitions, and restructuring charges.
(2)Represents expenses incurred in relation to the conversion to a corporation.
(3)Includes unrealized profit sharing expense, realized profit sharing expense and equity-based profit sharing expense and other.
The following table reconciles total consolidated other income (loss) to total other loss for Apollo’s reportable segments:
 For the Six Months Ended June 30,
20212020
Total Consolidated Other Income (Loss)$1,512,766 $(1,105,194)
Adjustments related to consolidated funds and VIEs(1)
(255,063)110,268 
Loss from change in tax receivable agreement liability(1,941)— 
Net (gains) losses from investment activities(1,268,900)994,132 
Interest income and other, net of Non-Controlling Interest12,757 (473)
Other Income (Loss), net of Non-Controlling Interest(381)(1,267)
Net interest loss and other(70,566)(64,499)
Total Segment Other Loss$(70,947)$(65,766)
(1)Represents the addition of other income of consolidated funds and VIEs.
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APOLLO GLOBAL MANAGEMENT, INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)
(dollars in thousands, except share data, except where noted)
The following table presents the reconciliation of income before income tax provision reported in the condensed consolidated statements of operations to Segment Distributable Earnings:
For the Six Months Ended June 30,
20212020
Income (Loss) before income tax (provision) benefit$3,421,260 $(1,440,288)
Transaction-related charges(1)
51,666 10,711 
Charges associated with corporate conversion(2)
— 1,064 
Loss from change in tax receivable agreement liability(1,941)— 
Net (income) loss attributable to Non-Controlling Interests in consolidated entities(186,854)123,341 
Unrealized performance fees(1,570,249)892,525 
Unrealized profit sharing expense687,133 (340,496)
Equity-based profit sharing expense and other(3)
61,864 72,951 
Equity-based compensation35,649 31,817 
Unrealized principal investment (income) loss(372,393)94,460 
Unrealized net (gains) losses from investment activities and other(1,240,459)985,834 
Segment Distributable Earnings$885,676 $431,919 
(1)    Transaction-related charges include equity-based compensation charges, the amortization of intangible assets, contingent consideration and certain other charges associated with acquisitions, and restructuring charges.
(2)    Represents expenses incurred in relation to the conversion to a corporation.
(3)    Equity-based profit sharing expense and other includes certain profit sharing arrangements in which a portion of performance fees distributed to the general partner are allocated by issuance of equity-based awards, rather than cash, to employees of Apollo. Equity-based profit sharing expense and other also includes non-cash expenses related to equity awards granted by unconsolidated related parties to employees of Apollo.
The following table presents the reconciliation of Apollo’s total reportable segment assets to total assets:
As of
June 30, 2021		As of
December 31, 2020
Total reportable segment assets$11,753,778 $8,681,467 
Adjustments(1)
15,787,568 14,987,617 
Total assets$27,541,346 $23,669,084 
(1)    Represents the addition of assets of consolidated funds and VIEs and consolidation elimination adjustments.
17. SUBSEQUENT EVENTS
Dividends
On August 4, 2021, the Company declared a cash dividend of $0.50 per share of Class A Common Stock, which will be paid on August 31, 2021 to holders of record at the close of business on August 19, 2021.
On August 4, 2021, the Company declared a cash dividend of $0.398438 per share of Series A Preferred Stock and Series B Preferred Stock, which will be paid on September 15, 2021 to holders of record at the close of business on September 1, 2021.

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ITEM 1A. UNAUDITED SUPPLEMENTAL PRESENTATION OF STATEMENTS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION

APOLLO GLOBAL MANAGEMENT, INC.
CONSOLIDATING STATEMENTS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION (Unaudited)
(dollars in thousands, except share data)
As of June 30, 2021
Apollo Global Management, Inc. and Consolidated Subsidiaries Consolidated Funds and VIEsEliminationsConsolidated
Assets:
Cash and cash equivalents$1,823,421 $1,291 $— $1,824,712 
Restricted cash and cash equivalents17,695 1,507,207 — 1,524,902 
Investments8,186,436 413 (276,330)7,910,519 
Assets of consolidated variable interest entities:
Cash and cash equivalents— 805,736 — 805,736 
Investments, at fair value— 14,040,590 (380,959)13,659,631 
Other assets— 169,900 (1,911)167,989 
Incentive fees receivable13,802 — — 13,802 
Due from related parties505,940 (3,321)(76,692)425,927 
Deferred tax assets, net235,118 — — 235,118 
Other assets492,811 2,137 (493)494,455 
Lease assets361,597 — — 361,597 
Goodwill116,958 — — 116,958 
Total Assets$11,753,778 $16,523,953 $(736,385)$27,541,346 
Liabilities, Redeemable non-controlling interests and Stockholders’ Equity
Liabilities:
Accounts payable and accrued expenses$138,541 $3,149 $(2)$141,688 
Accrued compensation and benefits169,554 — — 169,554 
Deferred revenue74,946 — — 74,946 
Due to related parties440,019 5,800 (6,157)439,662 
Profit sharing payable1,521,906 — — 1,521,906 
Debt3,154,289 — — 3,154,289 
Liabilities of consolidated variable interest entities:
Debt, at fair value— 8,226,118 (148,830)8,077,288 
Notes payable— 2,601,543 (102,795)2,498,748 
Other liabilities— 966,791 (54,352)912,439 
Due to related parties— 32,393 (32,393)— 
Other liabilities407,623 122,493 (18,366)511,750 
Lease liabilities409,930 — — 409,930 
Total Liabilities6,316,808 11,958,287 (362,895)17,912,200 
Redeemable non-controlling interests:
Redeemable non-controlling interests— 1,410,683 6,028 1,416,711 
Stockholders’ Equity:
Apollo Global Management, Inc. Stockholders’ Equity:
Series A Preferred Stock264,398 — — 264,398 
Series B Preferred Stock289,815 — — 289,815 
Additional paid in capital865,255 (57,334)14,691 822,612 
Retained earnings (accumulated deficit)1,004,571 374,275 (388,048)990,798 
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)(2,456)6,075 (6,161)(2,542)
Total Apollo Global Management, Inc. Stockholders’ Equity2,421,583 323,016 (379,518)2,365,081 
Non-Controlling Interests in consolidated entities6,154 2,831,967 — 2,838,121 
Non-Controlling Interests in Apollo Operating Group3,009,233 — — 3,009,233 
Total Stockholders’ Equity5,436,970 3,154,983 (379,518)8,212,435 
Total Liabilities, Redeemable non-controlling interests and Stockholders’ Equity$11,753,778 $16,523,953 $(736,385)$27,541,346 
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APOLLO GLOBAL MANAGEMENT, INC.
CONSOLIDATING STATEMENTS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION (Unaudited)
(dollars in thousands, except share data)
As of December 31, 2020
Apollo Global Management, Inc. and Consolidated SubsidiariesConsolidated Funds and VIEsEliminationsConsolidated
Assets:
Cash and cash equivalents$1,555,252 $265 $— $1,555,517 
Restricted cash17,708 — — 17,708 
U.S. Treasury securities, at fair value— 816,985 — 816,985 
Investments5,244,465 334 (249,388)4,995,411 
Assets of consolidated variable interest entities:
Cash and cash equivalents— 893,306 — 893,306 
Investments, at fair value— 13,878,603 (562,587)13,316,016 
Other assets— 290,264 — 290,264 
Incentive fees receivable5,231 — — 5,231 
Due from related parties543,169 (4)(80,782)462,383 
Deferred tax assets, net539,244 — — 539,244 
Other assets364,342 1,118 (497)364,963 
Lease assets295,098 — — 295,098 
Goodwill116,958 — — 116,958 
Total Assets$8,681,467 $15,880,871 $(893,254)$23,669,084 
Liabilities, Redeemable non-controlling interests and Stockholders’ Equity
Liabilities:
Accounts payable and accrued expenses$119,784 $198 $— $119,982 
Accrued compensation and benefits82,343 — — 82,343 
Deferred revenue30,369 — — 30,369 
Due to related parties608,455 1,871 (1,857)608,469 
Profit sharing payable842,677 — — 842,677 
Debt3,155,221 — — 3,155,221 
Liabilities of consolidated variable interest entities:
Debt, at fair value— 9,022,414 (361,899)8,660,515 
Notes payable— 2,574,879 (102,908)2,471,971 
Other liabilities— 836,181 (63,136)773,045 
Due to related parties— 23,898 (23,898)— 
Other liabilities267,023 28,589 — 295,612 
Lease liabilities332,915 — — 332,915 
Total Liabilities5,438,787 12,488,030 (553,698)17,373,119 
Redeemable non-controlling interests:
Redeemable non-controlling interests— 782,702 — 782,702 
Stockholders’ Equity:
Apollo Global Management, Inc. Stockholders’ Equity:
Series A Preferred stock264,398 — — 264,398 
Series B Preferred stock289,815 — — 289,815 
Additional paid in capital877,173 (12,928)12,928 877,173 
Retained earnings (accumulated deficit)— 334,998 (334,998)— 
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)(2,044)17,459 (17,486)(2,071)
Total Apollo Global Management, Inc. Stockholders’ Equity1,429,342 339,529 (339,556)1,429,315 
Non-Controlling Interests in consolidated entities5,118 2,270,610 — 2,275,728 
Non-Controlling Interests in Apollo Operating Group1,808,220 — — 1,808,220 
Total Stockholders’ Equity3,242,680 2,610,139 (339,556)5,513,263 
Total Liabilities and Stockholders’ Equity$8,681,467 $15,880,871 $(893,254)$23,669,084 
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ITEM 2.    MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
The following discussion should be read in conjunction with Apollo Global Management, Inc.’s condensed consolidated financial statements and the related notes included within this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. This discussion contains forward-looking statements that are subject to known and unknown risks and uncertainties. Actual results and the timing of events may differ significantly from those expressed or implied in such forward-looking statements due to a number of factors, including those in the section entitled “Risk Factors” in the 2020 Annual Report and Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed with the SEC on May 10, 2021. The highlights listed below have had significant effects on many items within our condensed consolidated financial statements and affect the comparison of the current period’s activity with those of prior periods.
General
Our Businesses
Founded in 1990, Apollo is a high-growth, global alternative asset manager. We are a contrarian, value-oriented asset manager in credit, private equity and real assets with significant distressed expertise and a flexible mandate in the majority of our funds which enables our funds to invest opportunistically across a company’s capital structure. We raise, invest and manage funds on behalf of some of the world’s most prominent pension, endowment and sovereign wealth funds as well as other institutional and individual investors. Apollo is led by Joshua Harris and Marc Rowan, who have worked together for more than 34 years and lead a team of 1,825 employees, including 569 investment professionals, as of June 30, 2021.
Apollo conducts its business primarily in the United States through the following three reportable segments:
(i)Credit—primarily invests in non-control corporate and structured debt instruments including performing, stressed and distressed instruments across the capital structure;
(ii)Private equity—primarily invests in control equity and related debt instruments, convertible securities and distressed debt instruments; and
(iii)Real assets—primarily invests in (i) real estate equity and infrastructure equity for the acquisition and recapitalization of real estate and infrastructure assets, portfolios, platforms and operating companies, (ii) real estate and infrastructure debt including first mortgage and mezzanine loans, preferred equity and commercial mortgage backed securities and (iii) European performing and non-performing loans, and unsecured consumer loans.
These business segments are differentiated based on the varying investment strategies. The performance is measured by management on an unconsolidated basis because management makes operating decisions and assesses the performance of each of Apollo’s business segments based on financial and operating metrics and data that exclude the effects of consolidation of any of the managed funds.
Our financial results vary since performance fees, which generally constitute a large portion of the income we receive from the funds that we manage, as well as the transaction and advisory fees that we receive, can vary significantly from quarter to quarter and year to year. As a result, we emphasize long-term financial growth and profitability to manage our business.
In addition, the growth in our Fee-Generating AUM during the last year has primarily been in our credit segment driven by continued growth in traditional funds and managed accounts as well as growth in asset management services to the insurance industry and in performing credit products. The average management fee rate for these new credit products is at market rates for such products and in certain cases is below our historical rates. Also, due to the complexity of these new product offerings, the Company has incurred and will continue to incur additional costs associated with managing these products. To date, these additional costs have been offset by realized economies of scale and ongoing cost management.
As of June 30, 2021, we had total AUM of $471.8 billion across all of our businesses. More than 89% of our total AUM was in funds with a contractual life at inception of five years or more, and 59% of such AUM was in permanent capital vehicles.
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The following table presents the gross and net returns for Apollo’s credit segment by category type:
 Gross ReturnsNet Returns
CategoryFor the Three Months Ended June 30, 2021For the Six Months Ended June 30, 2021For the Three Months Ended June 30, 2021For the Six Months Ended June 30, 2021
Corporate Credit2.0%4.6%1.7%3.9%
Structured Credit4.5%10.1%4.0%9.1%
Direct Origination2.7%9.2%2.0%7.2%
On December 31, 2017, Fund IX held its final closing, raising a total of $23.5 billion in third-party capital and approximately $1.2 billion of additional capital from Apollo and affiliated investors for total commitments of $24.7 billion. On December 31, 2013, Fund VIII held a final closing raising a total of $17.5 billion in third-party capital and approximately $880 million of additional capital from Apollo and affiliated investors, and as of June 30, 2021, Fund VIII had $2.5 billion of uncalled commitments remaining. Additionally, Fund VII held a final closing in December 2008, raising a total of $14.7 billion, and as of June 30, 2021, Fund VII had $1.8 billion of uncalled commitments remaining. We have consistently produced attractive long-term investment returns in our traditional private equity funds, generating a 39% gross IRR and a 25% net IRR on a compound annual basis from inception through June 30, 2021. Apollo’s private equity fund appreciation was 9.5% and 33.6% for the three and six months ended June 30, 2021, respectively.
For our real assets segment, there was a total gross return of 4.0% and 7.7% for the three and six months ended June 30, 2021, respectively, which represents gross return for our real estate equity funds and their co-investment capital, the European principal finance funds, and infrastructure equity funds.
For further detail related to fund performance metrics across all of our businesses, see “—The Historical Investment Performance of Our Funds.”
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Holding Company Structure
The diagram below depicts our current organizational structure:
apo-20210630_g1.jpg

Note: The organizational structure chart above depicts a simplified version of the Apollo structure. It does not include all legal entities in the structure. Ownership percentages are as of August 4, 2021. As of August 4, 2021, there were 235,527,358 Class A shares, 1 Class B share and 1 Class C share issued and outstanding, and 168,253,613 AOG Units held by Holdings that are exchangeable for Class A shares on a one-for-one basis. In addition, as of August 4, 2021, Athene held 29,154,519 AOG Units that are non-voting equity interests of the Apollo Operating Group and are not exchangeable for Class A shares.
(1)As of August 4, 2021, the Class A shares represented 9.2% of the total voting power of the Class A shares, the Class B share and the Class C share, voting together as a single class, with respect to General Stockholder Matters. As of August 4, 2021, the Class A shares represented 54.4% of the total voting power of the Class A shares and the Class B share with respect to certain matters upon which they are entitled to vote pursuant to the certificate of incorporation of AGM Inc. (“COI”).
(2)Our Co-Founders own BRH Holdings GP, Ltd., which in turn holds our only outstanding Class B share. As of August 4, 2021, the Class B share represented 7.7% of the total voting power of the Class A shares, the Class B share and the Class C share, voting together as a single class, with respect to General Stockholder Matters, and a de minimus economic interest in AGM Inc. As of August 4, 2021, the Class B share represented 45.6% of the total voting power of the Class A shares and the Class B share with respect to certain matters upon which they are entitled to vote as a single class.
(3)Through BRH Holdings, L.P., our Co-Founders indirectly beneficially own through estate planning vehicles, limited partner interests in Holdings. Our Co-Founders’ economic interests are represented by their indirect beneficial ownership, through Holdings, of 35.1% of the limited partner interests in the Apollo Operating Group.
(4)Holdings owns 38.9% of the limited partner or limited liability company interests in each Apollo Operating Group entity. The AOG Units held by Holdings are exchangeable for Class A shares. Our Co-Founders, through their interests in BRH and Holdings, beneficially own 35.1% of the AOG Units. Our Contributing Partners, through their interests in Holdings, beneficially own 3.8% of the AOG Units.
(5)BRH Holdings GP, Ltd. is the sole member of AGM Management, LLC, which in turns holds our only outstanding Class C share. The Class C share bestows to its holder certain management rights over AGM Inc. As of August 4, 2021, the Class C share represented 83.1% of the total voting power of the Class A shares, the Class B share and the Class C share, voting together as a single class, with respect to General Stockholder Matters, and a de minimus economic interest in AGM Inc.
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(6)Represents 54.4% of the limited partner or limited liability company interests in each Apollo Operating Group entity, held through the intermediate holding companies. AGM Inc. also indirectly owns 100% of the general partner or managing member interests in each Apollo Operating Group entity.
(7)Represents 6.7% of the limited partner or limited liability company interests in each Apollo Operating Group entity held by Athene Holding Ltd. and/or its affiliates. AOG Units held by Athene are non-voting equity interests of the Apollo Operating Group and are not exchangeable for Class A shares.
Each of the Apollo Operating Group entities holds interests in different businesses or entities organized in different jurisdictions.
Our structure is designed to accomplish a number of objectives, the most important of which are as follows:
•Historically, we were a holding company that was qualified as a partnership for U.S. federal income tax purposes. Our intermediate holding companies enabled us to maintain our partnership status and to meet the qualifying income exception. Effective September 5, 2019, Apollo Global Management, LLC converted from a Delaware limited liability company to a Delaware corporation named Apollo Global Management, Inc.
•We have historically used multiple management companies to segregate operations for business, financial and other reasons. Going forward, we may increase or decrease the number of our management companies, partnerships or other entities within the Apollo Operating Group based on our views regarding the appropriate balance between (a) administrative convenience and (b) continued business, financial, tax and other optimization.
On March 8, 2021, we announced that we entered into a binding governance term sheet with the Co-Founders. The term sheet sets forth a number of changes to our governance structure and a timeline for their implementation, including changes relating to:
• composition and size of our board of directors;
• Board committees, including to create a nominating and corporate governance committee, a compensation committee, and a new executive committee. The new executive committee will for the first year consist of at least three members, but no more than four members, including Jay Clayton, as the committee’s Chairman, Marc Rowan and Joshua Harris; and
• elimination of the Up-C structure – as promptly as practicable following the receipt of all required regulatory approvals:
• the single Class B share that is held by BRH Holdings GP, Ltd. will be converted into shares of Series I Preferred Stock of AGM Inc. equal in number to the outstanding AOG Units (other than those AOG Units held by the Company and Athene) and entitled to one vote per share on each matter properly presented to the stockholders of AGM Inc.;
• upon the issuance of the Series I Preferred Stock, the Co-Founders shall cause AGM Management, LLC to surrender to the Company the sole Class C share;
• on or prior to June 30, 2022, as designated by us, which date will coincide with the consummation of the transactions contemplated by the Merger Agreement, provided that if the transactions contemplated by the Merger Agreement have not been consummated by June 30, 2022, then the mandatory exchange date will be June 30, 2022 (such date, the “Mandatory Exchange Date”), a wholly-owned subsidiary of a newly formed holding company (“NewCo”) will merge with and into AGM Inc., with AGM Inc. to be the surviving company in the merger. Upon consummation of this merger, each holder of a share of Class A common stock will receive on a tax-free basis shares of Class A common stock of NewCo and will no longer hold any equity interests in the Company;
• on the Mandatory Exchange Date all AOG Units beneficially owned by each holder of AOG Units (other than those held by the Company and Athene) will be transferred to NewCo and one or more of its affiliates in a series of transactions in exchange for (i) such number of shares of Class A common stock of NewCo equal to the aggregate
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number of AOG Units beneficially owned by such AOG Unit owners as of immediately prior to the mandatory exchange (such AOG Units, the “Outstanding AOG Units”) and (ii) an aggregate amount in cash equal to the product of (a) number of Outstanding AOG Units multiplied by (b) $3.66, payable over a period of four years in equal quarterly installments (the “AOG Unit Payment”); provided, however, that in the event that we consummate the transactions contemplated by the Merger Agreement simultaneously with the mandatory exchange, the AOG Unit Payment will be payable over the period between the date on which the transactions contemplated by the Merger Agreement are consummated and the third anniversary of the Mandatory Exchange Date in equal quarterly installments (such transactions collectively, the “mandatory exchange”).
The term sheet also states that the tax receivable agreement will not be applicable for the mandatory exchange, but will remain in effect for any exchanges occurring prior to the Mandatory Exchange Date.
The parties to the term sheet agreed that, upon the surrender of the Class C share, the Company will provide each Co-Founder with certain stockholder rights set forth in a stockholder agreement, as provided in the term sheet.
Implementation of the provisions of the term sheet remains subject to regulatory and stockholder approvals, and there can be no certainty on the consummation or the timing of these changes.
Business Environment
As a global investment manager, we are affected by numerous factors, including the condition of financial markets and the economy. Price fluctuations within equity, credit, commodity, foreign exchange markets, as well as interest rates, which may be volatile and mixed across geographies, can significantly impact the valuation of our funds’ portfolio companies and related income we may recognize.
In the U.S., the S&P 500 Index increased by 8.2% during the second quarter of 2021, following an increase of 5.8% during the first quarter of 2021. Global equity markets also appreciated during the quarter, with the MSCI All Country World ex USA Index increasing 5.9% following an increase of 4.2% in the first quarter of 2021.
Conditions in the credit markets also have a significant impact on our business. Credit markets were positive in the second quarter of 2021, with the BofAML HY Master II Index increasing by 2.8%, while the S&P/LSTA Leveraged Loan Index increased by 1.1%. The U.S. 10-year Treasury yield decreased during the quarter to 1.45%. The Federal Reserve kept the benchmark interest rate steady during the last twelve months at a target range of 0% to 0.25%.
Foreign exchange rates can materially impact the valuations of our investments and those of our funds that are denominated in currencies other than the U.S. dollar. Relative to the U.S. dollar, the Euro appreciated 1.1% during the quarter, after depreciating by 4.0% in the first quarter of 2021, while the British pound appreciated 0.4% during the quarter, after appreciating 0.9% in the first quarter of 2021. The price of crude oil appreciated by 24.2% during the quarter, after appreciating by 21.9% during the first quarter of 2021.
In terms of economic conditions in the U.S., the Bureau of Economic Analysis reported real GDP increased at an annual rate of 6.5% in the second quarter of 2021, following an increase of 6.4% in the first quarter of 2021. As of July 2021, the International Monetary Fund estimated that the U.S. economy will expand by 7.0% in 2021 and 4.9% in 2022. The U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported that the U.S. unemployment rate decreased to 5.9% as of June 30, 2021.
Regardless of the market or economic environment at any given time, Apollo relies on its contrarian, value-oriented approach to consistently invest capital on behalf of its fund investors by focusing on opportunities that management believes are often overlooked by other investors. As such, Apollo’s global integrated investment platform deployed $27.8 billion and $52.7 billion of capital through the funds it manages during the three and six months ended June 30, 2021, respectively. Drawdown capital deployed was $6.5 billion and $9.2 billion during the three and six months ended June 30, 2021, respectively. We believe Apollo’s expertise in credit and its focus on nine core industry sectors, combined with more than 31 years of investment experience, has allowed Apollo to respond quickly to changing environments. Apollo’s core industry sectors include chemicals, manufacturing and industrial, natural resources, consumer and retail, consumer services, business services, financial services, leisure, and media/telecom/technology. Apollo believes that these attributes have contributed to the success of its private equity funds investing in buyouts and credit opportunities during both expansionary and recessionary economic periods.
In general, institutional investors continue to allocate capital towards alternative investment managers for more attractive risk-adjusted returns in a low interest rate environment, and we believe the business environment remains generally
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accommodative to raise larger successor funds, launch new products, and pursue attractive strategic growth opportunities, such as continuing to grow the assets of our permanent capital vehicles. As such, Apollo had $12.4 billion and $25.8 billion of capital inflows during the three and six months ended June 30, 2021, respectively. Apollo returned $9.0 billion and $12.7 billion of capital and realized gains to the investors in the funds it manages during the three and six months ended June 30, 2021, respectively.
On October 20, 2020, at a regularly scheduled meeting of AGM Inc.’s board of directors, Apollo’s former Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, Leon Black, requested that the conflicts committee of the board of directors (comprised of independent directors) retain outside counsel to conduct a thorough review of, and independently confirm, the information that Mr. Black has conveyed about his previous professional relationship with Mr. Jeffrey Epstein. The conflicts committee had retained Dechert LLP as outside counsel to conduct a thorough, independent review which included interviewing individuals and examining relevant documents.
On January 25, 2021, the Company announced that the conflicts committee of the board of directors had completed its previously announced independent review of Mr. Black’s previous professional relationship with Jeffrey Epstein and publicly released the review’s findings. The findings of the report are consistent with statements made by Mr. Black and Apollo regarding the prior relationship.
On January 25, 2021, the Company announced that, at a meeting of the executive committee of our board of directors on January 24, 2021, Mr. Black informed the executive committee members that he intends to retire from his position as Chief Executive Officer of the Company on or before July 31, 2021. Leon Black, Marc Rowan and Joshua Harris, on behalf of our Class C Stockholder, voted to appoint Mr. Rowan as our Chief Executive Officer to begin serving in such role effective upon Mr. Black’s retirement.
On March 21, 2021, Mr. Black stepped down from his position as Chief Executive Officer, Director and Chairman, and as a member of the executive committee of our board of directors. Mr. Rowan formally assumed the role of Chief Executive Officer of AGM Inc. The executive committee of our board of directors appointed Lead Independent Director Jay Clayton to serve as Non-Executive Chairman of the Board effective March 21, 2021.
On May 20, 2021, the Company announced that Co-Founder Joshua Harris will step down from his day-to-day role at Apollo effective upon the closing date of Apollo’s merger with Athene, while continuing to serve on our board of directors and the executive committee of our board of directors.
Managing Business Performance
We believe that the presentation of Segment DE supplements a reader’s understanding of the economic operating performance of each of our segments.
Segment Distributable Earnings and Distributable Earnings
Segment DE is the key performance measure used by management in evaluating the performance of Apollo’s credit, private equity and real assets segments. See note 16 to the condensed consolidated financial statements for more details regarding the components of Segment DE. DE represents Segment DE less estimated current corporate, local and non-U.S. taxes as well as the current payable under Apollo’s tax receivable agreement. DE is net of preferred dividends, if any, to the Series A and Series B preferred stockholders. DE excludes the impacts of the remeasurement of deferred tax assets and liabilities which arises from changes in estimated future tax rates. The economic assumptions and methodologies that impact the implied income tax provision are similar to those methodologies and certain assumptions used in calculating the income tax provision for Apollo’s condensed consolidated statements of operations under U.S. GAAP. Specifically, certain deductions considered in the income tax provision under U.S. GAAP, such as the deduction for transaction related charges and equity-based compensation, are taken into account for purposes of the implied tax provision. Management believes that excluding the remeasurement of the tax receivable agreement and deferred taxes from Segment DE and DE, respectively, is meaningful as it increases comparability between periods. Remeasurement of the tax receivable agreement and deferred taxes are estimates that may change due to changes in the interpretation of tax law.
We believe that Segment DE is helpful for an understanding of our business and that investors should review the same supplemental financial measure that management uses to analyze our segment performance. This measure supplements and should be considered in addition to and not in lieu of the results of operations discussed below in “—Overview of Results of Operations” that have been prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP. See note 16 to the condensed consolidated financial statements for more details regarding management’s consideration of Segment DE.
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Fee Related Earnings and Fee Related EBITDA
Fee Related Earnings, or “FRE”, is derived from our segment reported results and refers to a component of Segment DE that is used as a supplemental performance measure. See note 16 to the condensed consolidated financial statements for more details regarding the components of FRE.
Fee related EBITDA is a non-U.S. GAAP measure derived from our segment reported results and is used to assess the performance of our operations as well as our ability to service current and future borrowings. Fee related EBITDA represents FRE plus amounts for depreciation and amortization. “Fee related EBITDA +100% of net realized performance fees” represents Fee related EBITDA plus realized performance fees less realized profit sharing expense.
We use Segment DE, DE, FRE and Fee related EBITDA as measures of operating performance, not as measures of liquidity. These measures should not be considered in isolation or as a substitute for net income or other income data prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP. The use of these measures without consideration of their related U.S. GAAP measures is not adequate due to the adjustments described above.
Operating Metrics
We monitor certain operating metrics that are common to the alternative investment management industry. These operating metrics include Assets Under Management, capital deployed and uncalled commitments.
Assets Under Management
The following presents Apollo’s Total AUM and Fee-Generating AUM by segment (in billions):
apo-20210630_g2.jpgapo-20210630_g3.jpg
Note: Totals may not add due to rounding










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The following presents Apollo’s AUM with Future Management Fee Potential by segment (in billions):
apo-20210630_g4.jpg
Note: Totals may not add due to rounding
The following tables present the components of Performance Fee-Eligible AUM for each of Apollo’s three segments:
As of June 30, 2021
Credit(1)
Private EquityReal AssetsTotal
 (in millions)
Performance Fee-Generating AUM (1)
$44,605 $37,298 $5,522 $87,425 
AUM Not Currently Generating Performance Fees8,737 3,326 599 12,662 
Uninvested Performance Fee-Eligible AUM12,249 23,908 6,082 42,239 
Total Performance Fee-Eligible AUM$65,591 $64,532 $12,203 $142,326 
As of June 30, 2020
CreditPrivate EquityReal AssetsTotal
 (in millions)
Performance Fee-Generating AUM (1)
$18,186 $18,015 $3,768 $39,969 
AUM Not Currently Generating Performance Fees31,861 12,158 1,342 45,361 
Uninvested Performance Fee-Eligible AUM8,571 26,160 4,734 39,465 
Total Performance Fee-Eligible AUM$58,618 $56,333 $9,844 $124,795 
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As of December 31, 2020
CreditPrivate EquityReal AssetsTotal
 (in millions)
Performance Fee-Generating AUM (1)
$34,685 $29,296 $4,886 $68,867 
AUM Not Currently Generating Performance Fees16,791 5,035 821 22,647 
Uninvested Performance Fee-Eligible AUM9,847 27,214 5,709 42,770 
Total Performance Fee-Eligible AUM$61,323 $61,545 $11,416 $134,284 
(1)Performance Fee-Generating AUM of $4.7 billion, $0.1 billion and $1.6 billion as of June 30, 2021, June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2020, respectively, are above the hurdle rates or preferred returns and have been deferred to future periods when the fees are probable to not be significantly reversed.
The following table presents AUM Not Currently Generating Performance Fees for funds that have invested capital for more than 24 months as of June 30, 2021 and the corresponding appreciation required to reach the preferred return or high watermark in order to generate performance fees:
Strategy / FundInvested AUM Not Currently Generating Performance FeesInvestment Period Active > 24 Months
Appreciation Required to Achieve Performance Fees(1)
(in millions)
Credit:
Corporate Credit$2,373 $2,289 2%
Structured Credit3,724 3,658 6%
Direct Origination2,641 2,641 1%
Total Credit8,738 8,588 4%
Private Equity:
Hybrid Capital766 747 246%
Other PE2,559 2,207 42%
Total Private Equity3,325 2,954 93%
Real Assets:
Total Real Assets599 354 >250bps
Total$12,662 $11,896 
(1)All investors in a given fund are considered in aggregate when calculating the appreciation required to achieve performance fees presented above. Appreciation required to achieve performance fees may vary by individual investor. Funds with an investment period less than 24 months are “N/A”.
The components of Fee-Generating AUM by segment are presented below:
 As of June 30, 2021
 CreditPrivate
Equity		Real
Assets		Total
 (in millions)
Fee-Generating AUM based on capital commitments$1,201 $25,168 $7,083 $33,452 
Fee-Generating AUM based on invested capital3,225 13,285 2,424 18,934 
Fee-Generating AUM based on gross/adjusted assets233,245 343 30,216 263,804 
Fee-Generating AUM based on NAV34,468 745 2,157 37,370 
Total Fee-Generating AUM$272,139 $39,541 
(1)
$41,880 $353,560 
(1)The weighted average remaining life of the traditional private equity funds as of June 30, 2021 was 69 months.
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 As of June 30, 2020
 CreditPrivate
Equity		Real
Assets		Total
 (in millions)
Fee-Generating AUM based on capital commitments$2,559 $26,849 $5,063 $34,471 
Fee-Generating AUM based on invested capital2,135 15,528 2,299 19,962 
Fee-Generating AUM based on gross/adjusted assets223,902 992 23,059 247,953 
Fee-Generating AUM based on NAV25,736 471 1,185 27,392 
Total Fee-Generating AUM$254,332 $43,840 
(1)
$31,606 $329,778 
(1)    The weighted average remaining life of the traditional private equity funds at June 30, 2020 was 71 months.

 As of December 31, 2020
 CreditPrivate
Equity		Real AssetsTotal
 (in millions)
Fee-Generating AUM based on capital commitments$922 $25,168 $6,580 $32,670 
Fee-Generating AUM based on invested capital3,000 15,393 2,434 20,827 
Fee-Generating AUM based on gross/adjusted assets238,202 771 26,820 265,793 
Fee-Generating AUM based on NAV27,534 494 1,356 29,384 
Total Fee-Generating AUM$269,658 $41,826 
(1)
$37,190 $348,674 
(1)    The weighted average remaining life of the traditional private equity funds as of December 31, 2020 was 73 months.
The following presents the total AUM and Fee-Generating AUM amounts for our credit segment by category type (in billions):
apo-20210630_g5.jpg apo-20210630_g6.jpg
Note: Totals may not add due to rounding
Apollo, through its consolidated subsidiary, ISG, provides asset management services to Athene with respect to assets in the Athene Accounts, including asset allocation services, direct asset management services, asset and liability matching management, mergers and acquisitions, asset diligence, hedging and other asset management services and receives management fees for providing these services. The Company, through ISG, also provides sub-allocation services with respect to a portion of
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the assets in the Athene Accounts. See note 14 to the condensed consolidated financial statements for more details regarding the fee rates of the investment management and sub-allocation fee arrangements with respect to the assets in the Athene Accounts.
The following table presents the aggregate Athene Sub-Allocated Total AUM by asset class (in billions):

apo-20210630_g7.jpg
Note: Totals may not add due to rounding
Other Assets include cash, treasuries, equities and alternatives. Total AUM includes $44.6 billion, $39.5 billion and $41.3 billion of gross assets related to Athene Co-Invest Reinsurance Affiliate 1A Ltd. and $2.1 billion, $2.4 billion and $2.5 billion of unfunded commitments related to Apollo/Athene Dedicated Investment Program (“ADIP”) as of June 30, 2021, June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2020 respectively.
Apollo, through ISGI, provides investment advisory services with respect to certain assets in certain portfolio companies of Apollo funds and sub-advises the Athora Accounts and broadly refers to “Athora Sub-Advised” assets as those assets in the Athora Accounts which the Company explicitly sub-advises as well as those assets in the Athora Accounts which are invested directly in funds and investment vehicles Apollo manages. The Company refers to the portion of the Athora AUM that is not Athora Sub-Advised AUM as “Athora Non-Sub Advised” AUM. See note 14 to the condensed consolidated financial statements for more details regarding the fee arrangements with respect to the assets in the Athora Accounts.
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The following table presents Athora Sub-Advised and Athora Non-Sub-Advised AUM (in billions):
apo-20210630_g8.jpg
Note: Totals may not add due to rounding
The following presents total AUM and Fee-Generating AUM amounts for our private equity segment by category type (in billions):
apo-20210630_g9.jpg apo-20210630_g10.jpg
Note: Totals may not add due to rounding
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The following presents total AUM and Fee-Generating AUM amounts for our real assets segment by category type (in billions):
apo-20210630_g11.jpg apo-20210630_g12.jpg
Note: Totals may not add due to rounding
The following tables summarize changes in total AUM for each of Apollo’s three segments:
For the Three Months Ended June 30,
 20212020
CreditPrivate EquityReal AssetsTotalCreditPrivate EquityReal AssetsTotal
 
Change in Total AUM(1):
Beginning of Period$323,261 $89,463 $48,414 $461,138 $209,745 $67,669 $38,097 $315,511 
Inflows6,453 2,371 3,613 12,437 85,347 1,768 2,122 89,237 
Outflows(2)
(3,635)(652)— (4,287)(5,788)(51)(283)(6,122)
Net Flows2,818 1,719 3,613 8,150 79,559 1,717 1,839 83,115 
Realizations(1,466)(7,334)(232)(9,032)(653)(536)(224)(1,413)
Market Activity(3)
6,415 4,621 483 11,519 11,803 4,451 139 16,393 
End of Period$331,028 $88,469 $52,278 $471,775 $300,454 $73,301 $39,851 $413,606 
(1)At the individual segment level, inflows include new subscriptions, commitments, capital raised, other increases in available capital, purchases, acquisitions, and portfolio company appreciation. Outflows represent redemptions, other decreases in available capital and portfolio company depreciation. Realizations represent fund distributions of realized proceeds. Market activity represents gains (losses), the impact of foreign exchange rate fluctuations and other income.
(2)Outflows for Total AUM include redemptions of $0.5 billion and $0.7 billion during the three months ended June 30, 2021 and 2020, respectively.
(3)Includes foreign exchange impacts of $751.9 million, $28.3 million and $44.2 million for credit, private equity and real assets, respectively, during the three months ended June 30, 2021 and foreign exchange impacts of $522.7 million, $42.8 million and $52.4 million for credit, private equity and real assets, respectively, during the three months ended June 30, 2020.
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For the Six Months Ended June 30,
 20212020
CreditPrivate EquityReal AssetsTotalCreditPrivate EquityReal AssetsTotal
 (in millions)
Change in Total AUM(1):
Beginning of Period$328,560 $80,716 $46,210 $455,486 $215,530 $76,788 $38,787 $331,105 
Inflows14,812 4,825 6,178 25,815 91,616 2,249 2,629 96,494 
Outflows(2)
(9,526)(714)— (10,240)(6,626)(61)(517)(7,204)
Net Flows5,286 4,111 6,178 15,575 84,990 2,188 2,112 89,290 
Realizations(2,381)(9,697)(666)(12,744)(1,165)(1,704)(590)(3,459)
Market Activity(3)
(437)13,339 556 13,458 1,099 (3,971)(458)(3,330)
End of Period$331,028 $88,469 $52,278 $471,775 $300,454 $73,301 $39,851 $413,606 
(1)At the individual segment level, inflows include new subscriptions, commitments, capital raised, other increases in available capital, purchases, acquisitions and portfolio company appreciation. Outflows represent redemptions, other decreases in available capital and portfolio company depreciation. Realizations represent fund distributions of realized proceeds. Market activity represents gains (losses), the impact of foreign exchange rate fluctuations and other income.
(2)Outflows for Total AUM include redemptions of $1.3 billion and $1.2 billion during the six months ended June 30, 2021 and 2020, respectively.
(3)Includes foreign exchange impacts of $(2.4) billion, $(1.0) million and $(92.1) million for credit, private equity and real assets, respectively, during the six months ended June 30, 2021, and foreign exchange impacts of $(457.0) million, $30.6 million and $(39.2) million for credit, private equity and real assets, respectively, during the six months ended June 30, 2020.
    Three Months Ended June 30, 2021
Total AUM was $471.8 billion at June 30, 2021, an increase of $10.6 billion, or 2.3%, compared to $461.1 billion at March 31, 2021. The net increase was primarily due to appreciation in our credit and real assets segments. More specifically, the net increase was due to:
•Market activity of $11.5 billion, primarily related to $6.4 billion of appreciation in the funds we manage in the credit segment, including $5.2 billion for Athene, and $4.6 billion of appreciation in the private equity segment driven by $1.4 billion and $0.8 billion from Fund VIII and Fund IX, respectively;
•Net flows of $8.2 billion primarily related to:
•a $3.6 billion increase related to funds we manage in the real assets segment primarily consisting of $2.1 billion of net segment transfers, $1.0 billion of leverage and $0.5 billion of subscriptions across the real estate and infrastructure funds we manage;
•a $2.8 billion increase related to funds we manage in the credit segment primarily consisting of (i) $3.4 billion of subscriptions driven by the corporate credit and structured credit funds we manage and (ii) a $1.4 billion increase in AUM in the advisory and other category due to the growth of our insurance clients; offsetting these increases were $(1.5) billion of net segment transfers, primarily into real assets, and $(0.5) billion of redemptions; and
•a $1.7 billion increase related to funds we manage in the private equity segment primarily consisting of $1.5 billion of subscriptions across the hybrid capital and traditional private equity funds we manage.
•Realizations of $(9.0) billion primarily related to:
•$(7.3) billion related to funds we manage in the private equity segment primarily consisting of distributions of $5.8 billion and $0.9 billion from the traditional private equity and hybrid capital funds we manage, respectively; and
•$(1.5) billion related to funds we manage in the credit segment primarily consisting of distributions from the corporate credit and direct origination funds we manage.
Six Months Ended June 30, 2021
Total AUM was $471.8 billion at June 30, 2021, an increase of $16.3 billion, or 3.6%, compared to $455.5 billion at December 31, 2020. The net increase was primarily due to appreciation in the private equity segment and fundraising across the platform. More specifically, the net increase was due to:
•Net flows of $15.6 billion primarily related to:
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•a $6.2 billion increase related to funds we manage in the real assets segment primarily consisting of $4.0 billion of net segment transfers, $1.5 billion of leverage and $0.6 billion of subscriptions across the real estate and infrastructure funds we manage;
•a $5.3 billion increase related to funds we manage in the credit segment primarily consisting of (i) $6.4 billion of subscriptions driven by the corporate credit and structured credit funds we manage and (ii) a $3.7 billion increase in AUM in the advisory and other category due to the growth of our insurance clients; offsetting these increases were $(4.2) billion of net segment transfers, primarily into real assets, and $1.2 billion of redemptions; and
•a $4.1 billion increase related to funds we manage in the private equity segment primarily consisting of $3.2 billion of subscriptions across the hybrid capital and traditional private equity funds we manage.
•Market activity of $13.5 billion, primarily related to $13.3 billion of appreciation in the private equity segment driven by $4.2 billion, $2.8 billion, $1.0 billion, $1.0 billion and $1.0 billion from Fund VIII, Fund IX, Tech Data co-invest, ADT co-invest and Fund VII, respectively.
•Realizations of $(12.7) billion primarily related to:
•$(9.7) billion related to funds we manage in the private equity segment primarily consisting of distributions of $7.8 billion and $1.0 billion from the traditional private equity and hybrid capital funds we manage, respectively; and
•$(2.4) billion related to funds we manage in the credit segment primarily consisting of distributions from the corporate credit and direct origination funds we manage.
The following tables summarize changes in Fee-Generating AUM for each of Apollo’s three segments:
For the Three Months Ended June 30,
 20212020
CreditPrivate EquityReal AssetsTotalCreditPrivate EquityReal AssetsTotal
 
Change in Fee-Generating AUM(1):
Beginning of Period$263,330 $42,614 $39,302 $345,246 $168,262 $43,976 $29,412 $241,650 
Inflows7,561 167 2,618 10,346 80,745 829 2,535 84,109 
Outflows(2)
(3,889)(1,194)(47)(5,130)(5,664)(977)(278)(6,919)
Net Flows3,672 (1,027)2,571 5,216 75,081 (148)2,257 77,190 
Realizations(869)(2,020)(155)(3,044)(75)(203)(134)(412)
Market Activity(3)
6,006 (26)162 6,142 11,064 215 71 11,350 
End of Period$272,139 $39,541 $41,880 $353,560 $254,332 $43,840 $31,606 $329,778 

(1)At the individual segment level, inflows include new subscriptions, commitments, capital raised, other increases in available capital, purchases, acquisitions and portfolio company appreciation. Outflows represent redemptions, other decreases in available capital and portfolio company depreciation. Realizations represent fund distributions of realized proceeds. Market activity represents gains (losses), the impact of foreign exchange rate fluctuations and other income.
(2)Outflows for Fee-Generating AUM include redemptions of $0.5 billion and $0.7 billion during the three months ended June 30, 2021 and 2020, respectively.
(3)Includes foreign exchange impacts of $0.7 billion, $4.4 million and $37.6 million for credit, private equity and real assets, respectively, during the three months ended June 30, 2021, and foreign exchange impacts of $268.4 million, $2.4 million and $45.2 million for credit, private equity and real assets, respectively, during the three months ended June 30, 2020.
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For the Six Months Ended June 30,
 20212020
CreditPrivate EquityReal AssetsTotalCreditPrivate EquityReal AssetsTotal
 (in millions)
Change in Fee-Generating AUM(1):
Beginning of Period$269,658 $41,826 $37,190 $348,674 $172,893 $43,826 $29,727 $246,446 
Inflows13,536 1,203 4,973 19,712 88,256 1,445 2,726 92,427 
Outflows(2)
(8,887)(1,383)(146)(10,416)(7,006)(1,022)(677)(8,705)
Net Flows4,649 (180)4,827 9,296 81,250 423 2,049 83,722 
Realizations(1,481)(2,168)(213)(3,862)(470)(546)(202)(1,218)
Market Activity(3)
(687)63 76 (548)659 137 32 828 
End of Period$272,139 $39,541 $41,880 $353,560 $254,332 $43,840 $31,606 $329,778 
(1)At the individual segment level, inflows include new subscriptions, commitments, capital raised, other increases in available capital, purchases, acquisitions and portfolio company appreciation. Outflows represent redemptions, other decreases in available capital and portfolio company depreciation. Realizations represent fund distributions of realized proceeds. Market activity represents gains (losses), the impact of foreign exchange rate fluctuations and other income.
(2)Outflows for Fee-Generating AUM include redemptions of $1.2 billion and $1.1 billion during the six months ended June 30, 2021 and 2020, respectively.
(3)Includes foreign exchange impacts of $(2.0) billion, $2.5 million and $(100.2) million for credit, private equity and real assets, respectively, during the six months ended June 30, 2021, and foreign exchange impacts of $(378.5) million, $(12.9) million and $(29.6) million for credit, private equity and real assets, respectively, during the six months ended June 30, 2020.
    Three Months Ended June 30, 2021
Total Fee-Generating AUM was $353.6 billion at June 30, 2021, an increase of $8.3 billion, or 2.4%, compared to $345.2 billion at March 31, 2021. The net increase was primarily due to market activity of $6.0 billion in the funds we manage in the credit segment, primarily related to the market activity of Athene. Additionally, net flows of $5.2 billion primarily related to:
•a $3.7 billion increase related to funds we manage in the credit segment primarily consisting of (i) $3.5 billion of fee-generating capital deployment, (ii) a $2.4 billion increase in AUM in the advisory and other category due to the growth of our insurance clients and (iii) $1.0 billion of subscriptions across the corporate credit funds we manage; offsetting these increases were (i) $(1.7) billion of net segment transfers, primarily into real assets, and (ii) $(1.2) billion of change in leverage; and
•a $2.6 billion increase related to funds we manage in the real assets segment primarily consisting of $1.5 billion of net segment transfers and $0.5 billion of fee-generating capital deployment.
Net flows were offset by realizations of $(3.0) billion primarily related to the traditional private equity funds we manage.
Six Months Ended June 30, 2021
Total Fee-Generating AUM was $353.6 billion at June 30, 2021, an increase of $4.9 billion, or 1.4%, compared to $348.7 billion at December 31, 2020. The net increase was primarily due to growth of our insurance clients. More specifically the net increase was due to:
•Net flows of $9.3 billion primarily related to:
•a $4.8 billion increase related to funds we manage in the real assets segment primarily consisting of $3.2 billion of net segment transfers and $1.0 billion of fee-generating capital deployment; and
•a $4.6 billion increase related to funds we manage in the credit segment primarily consisting of (i) a $6.8 billion increase in AUM in the advisory and other category due to the growth of our insurance clients, (ii) $3.9 billion of fee-generating capital deployment and (iii) $2.4 billion of subscriptions across the corporate credit and structured funds we manage; offsetting these increases were (i) $(3.9) billion of net segment transfers, primarily into real assets, (ii) $(2.1) billion of change in leverage and (iii) $(1.4) billion of fee-generating capital reduction.
•Net flows were offset by realizations of $(3.9) billion primarily related to the traditional private equity funds we manage.
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Deployment, Drawdown Deployment and Uncalled Commitments
During the third quarter of 2020, the Company modified the definition of deployment to include net purchases, certain originations and net syndications to provide a more accurate representation of market activity across all the funds and accounts the Company manages. Prior period deployment figures have been recast to conform to this change in definition. The prior definition of deployment was limited to purchases in our commitment based funds, excluding certain funds in which permanent capital vehicles are the primary investor, and SIAs that have a defined maturity date, and has been renamed “drawdown deployment”.
Uncalled commitments, by contrast, represent unfunded capital commitments that certain of Apollo’s funds and SIAs have received from fund investors to fund future or current fund investments and expenses.
Deployment, drawdown deployment and uncalled commitments are indicative of the pace and magnitude of fund capital that is deployed or will be deployed, and which therefore could result in future revenues that include management fees, transaction fees and performance fees to the extent they are fee-generating. Deployment, drawdown deployment and uncalled commitments can also give rise to future costs that are related to the hiring of additional resources to manage and account for the additional capital that is deployed or will be deployed. Management uses deployment, drawdown deployment and uncalled commitments as key operating metrics since we believe the results are measures of our funds’ investment activities.
Deployment and Drawdown Deployment
The following presents deployment across all funds and drawdown deployment for funds and SIAs with a defined maturity date, by segment (in billions):

apo-20210630_g13.jpg apo-20210630_g14.jpg
Note: Totals may not add due to rounding
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Uncalled Commitments
The following presents Apollo’s uncalled commitments by segment (in billions):
apo-20210630_g15.jpg
Note: Totals may not add due to rounding
As of June 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, Apollo had $47.6 billion and $46.8 billion of dry powder, respectively, which represents the amount of capital available for investment or reinvestment subject to the provisions of the applicable limited partnership agreements or other governing agreements of the funds, partnerships and accounts we manage. These amounts exclude uncalled commitments which can only be called for fund fees and expenses and commitments from permanent capital vehicles.
The Historical Investment Performance of Our Funds
Below we present information relating to the historical performance of our funds, including certain legacy Apollo funds that do not have a meaningful amount of unrealized investments, and in respect of which the general partner interest has not been contributed to us.
When considering the data presented below, you should note that the historical results of our funds are not indicative of the future results that you should expect from such funds, from any future funds we may raise or from your investment in our Class A shares.
An investment in our Class A shares is not an investment in any of the Apollo funds, and the assets and revenues of our funds are not directly available to us. The historical and potential future returns of the funds we manage are not directly linked to returns on our Class A shares. Therefore, you should not conclude that continued positive performance of the funds we manage will necessarily result in positive returns on an investment in our Class A shares. However, poor performance of the funds that we manage would cause a decline in our revenue from such funds, and would therefore have a negative effect on our performance and in all likelihood the value of our Class A shares.
Moreover, the historical returns of our funds should not be considered indicative of the future results you should expect from such funds or from any future funds we may raise. There can be no assurance that any Apollo fund will continue to achieve the same results in the future.
Finally, our private equity IRRs have historically varied greatly from fund to fund. For example, Fund VI generated a 12% gross IRR and a 9% net IRR since its inception through June 30, 2021, while Fund V generated a 61% gross IRR and a 44% net IRR since its inception through June 30, 2021. Accordingly, the IRR going forward for any current or future fund may vary considerably from the historical IRR generated by any particular fund, or for our private equity funds as a whole. Future returns will also be affected by the applicable risks, including risks of the industries and businesses in which a particular fund
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invests. See “Item 1A. Risk Factors—Risks Related to Our Businesses—The historical returns attributable to our funds should not be considered as indicative of the future results of our funds or of our future results or of any returns expected on an investment in our Class A shares and our Preferred shares” and “Item 1A. Risk Factors—The COVID-19 pandemic has caused severe disruptions in the U.S. and global economy and is expected to continue to impact our business, financial condition and results of operations” in the 2020 Annual Report.
Investment Record
The following table summarizes the investment record by segment of Apollo’s significant commitment-based funds that have a defined maturity date in which investors make a commitment to provide capital at the formation of such funds and deliver capital when called as investment opportunities become available. The funds included in the investment record table below have greater than $500 million of AUM and/or form part of a flagship series of funds.
All amounts are as of June 30, 2021, unless otherwise noted:
($ in millions)Vintage
Year		Total AUMCommitted
Capital		Total Invested CapitalRealized ValueRemaining CostUnrealized ValueTotal ValueGross
IRR		Net
IRR
Private Equity:
Fund IX2018$28,053 $24,729 $9,362 $2,409 $8,271 $11,890 $14,299 49 %28 %
Fund VIII201317,937 18,377 16,063 16,325 7,739 13,932 30,257 19 14 
Fund VII20083,390 14,677 16,461 32,653 1,419 1,352 34,005 33 25 
Fund VI2006644 10,136 12,457 21,134 405 2 21,136 12 9 
Fund V2001260 3,742 5,192 12,721 120 2 12,723 61 44 
Fund I, II, III, IV & MIA(2)
Various11 7,320 8,753 17,400 — — 17,400 39 26 
Traditional Private Equity Funds(3)
$50,295 $78,981 $68,288 $102,642 $17,954 $27,178 $129,820 39 25 
ANRP III20201,469 1,400 258 37 258 357 394 
NM1
NM1
ANRP II20162,387 3,454 2,719 2,361 1,534 1,646 4,007 20 12 
ANRP I2012366 1,323 1,149 1,074 586 131 1,205 2 (2)
AION2013547 826 700 371 400 423 794 5 (1)
HVF I20193,596 3,238 2,929 1,169 2,179 2,589 3,758 29 23 
Total Private Equity$58,660 $89,222 $76,043 $107,654 $22,911 $32,324 $139,978 
Credit:
FCI III2017$2,411 $1,906 $2,797 $1,741 $1,893 $1,916 $3,657 19 %15 %
FCI II20132,211 1,555 3,145 2,291 1,728 1,540 3,831 7 5 
FCI I2012— 559 1,516 1,975 — — 1,975 12 8 
SCRF IV (6)
20172,544 2,502 5,145 4,049 1,418 1,608 5,657 8 7 
SCRF III2015— 1,238 2,110 2,428 — — 2,428 18 14 
SCRF II2012— 104 467 528 — — 528 15 12 
SCRF I2008— 118 240 357 — — 357 33 26 
Accord IV20202,379 2,337 784 395 432 411 806 
NM1
NM1
Accord IIIB(7)
20201,110 1,758 691 737 — — 737 24 19 
Accord III(7)
2019461 886 2,358 2,454 — — 2,454 23 18 
Accord II(7)
2018— 781 801 821 — — 821 16 12 
Accord I(7)
2017— 308 111 113 — — 113 10 5 
Total Credit$11,116 $14,052 $20,165 $17,889 $5,471 $5,475 $23,364 
Real Assets:
European Principal Finance Funds
EPF III(4)
2017$5,096 $4,594 $3,803 $2,009 $2,223 $3,089 $5,098 20 %10 %
EPF II(4)
20121,015 3,497 3,635 4,632 579 339 4,971 13 8 
EPF I(4)
2007247 1,536 2,018 3,395 — 2 3,397 23 17 
U.S. RE Fund III(5)
2021832 835 231 3 229 242 245 
NM1
NM1
U.S. RE Fund II(5)
20161,179 1,262 990 569 722 825 1,394 14 11 
U.S. RE Fund I(5)
2012184 657 641 829 134 100 929 12 9 
Asia RE Fund II(5)(8)
N/A939 936 335 20 315 324 344 
NM1
NM1
Asia RE Fund I(5)
2017724 719 449 213 292 434 647 17 13 
Apollo Infrastructure Opportunity Fund II(8)
N/A1,343 1,322 216 — 216 257 257 
NM1
NM1
Apollo Infrastructure Opportunity Fund I2018948 897 802 860 298 342 1,202 26 20 
Total Real Assets$12,507 $16,255 $13,120 $12,530 $5,008 $5,954 $18,484 
(1)Data has not been presented as the fund’s effective date is less than 24 months prior to the period indicated and such information was deemed not meaningful.
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(2)The general partners and managers of Funds I, II and MIA, as well as the general partner of Fund III, were excluded assets in connection with the 2007 Reorganization. As a result, Apollo did not receive the economics associated with these entities. The investment performance of these funds, combined with Fund IV, is presented to illustrate fund performance associated with Apollo’s Co-Founders and other investment professionals.
(3)Total IRR is calculated based on total cash flows for all funds presented.
(4)Funds are denominated in Euros and historical figures are translated into U.S. dollars at an exchange rate of €1.00 to $1.19 as of June 30, 2021.
(5)U.S. RE Fund I, U.S. RE Fund II, U.S. RE Fund III, Asia RE Fund I and Asia RE Fund II had $161 million, $791 million, $160 million, $376 million and $515 million of co-investment commitments as of June 30, 2021, respectively, which are included in the figures in the table. A co-invest entity within U.S. RE Fund I is denominated in pound sterling and translated into U.S. dollars at an exchange rate of £1.00 to $1.38 as of June 30, 2021.
(6)Remaining cost for certain of our credit funds may include physical cash called, invested or reserved for certain levered investments.
(7)Gross and Net IRR have been presented for these funds as they have a defined maturity date of less than 24 months and have been liquidated.
(8)Vintage Year is not yet applicable as these funds have not had their final closings.
Private Equity
The following table summarizes the investment record for distressed investments made in our traditional private equity fund portfolios, since the Company’s inception. All amounts are as of June 30, 2021:
Total Invested CapitalTotal ValueGross IRR
 (in millions) 
Distressed for Control$7,795 $18,880 29 %
Non-Control Distressed5,758 9,945 71 
Total13,553 28,825 49 
Corporate Carve-outs, Opportunistic Buyouts and Other Credit(1)
54,735 100,995 21 
Total$68,288 $129,820 39 %
(1)Other Credit is defined as investments in debt securities of issuers other than portfolio companies that are not considered to be distressed.
The following tables provide additional detail on the composition of the Fund IX, Fund VIII and Fund VII private equity portfolios based on investment strategy. Amounts for Fund I, II, III, IV, V and VI are included in the table above but not presented below as their remaining value is less than $100 million or the fund has been liquidated and such information was deemed not meaningful. All amounts are as of June 30, 2021:
Fund IX(1)
Total Invested CapitalTotal Value
 (in millions)
Corporate Carve-outs$1,018 $1,262 
Opportunistic Buyouts8,144 11,555 
Distressed(2)
200 1,482 
Total$9,362 $14,299 
Fund VIII(1)
Total Invested CapitalTotal Value
 (in millions)
Corporate Carve-outs$2,704 $6,598 
Opportunistic Buyouts12,792 22,905 
Distressed(2)
567 754 
Total$16,063 $30,257 
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Fund VII(1)
Total Invested CapitalTotal Value
 (in millions)
Corporate Carve-outs$2,539 $4,528 
Opportunistic Buyouts4,338 10,834 
Distressed/Other Credit(2)
9,584 18,643 
Total$16,461 $34,005 
(1)Committed capital less unfunded capital commitments for Fund IX, Fund VIII and Fund VII were $10.9 billion, $16.1 billion and $14.4 billion, respectively, which represents capital commitments from limited partners to invest in such funds less capital that is available for investment or reinvestment subject to the provisions of the applicable limited partnership agreement or other governing agreements.
(2)The distressed investment strategy includes distressed for control, non-control distressed and other credit. Other Credit is defined as investments in debt securities of issuers other than portfolio companies that are not considered to be distressed.
During the recovery and expansionary periods of 1994 through 2000 and late 2003 through the first half of 2007, our private equity funds invested or committed to invest approximately $13.7 billion primarily in traditional and corporate partner buyouts. During the recessionary periods of 1990 through 1993, 2001 through late 2003 and the recessionary and post recessionary periods (beginning the second half of 2007 through June 30, 2021), our private equity funds have invested $64.1 billion, of which $21.2 billion was in distressed buyouts and debt investments when the debt securities of quality companies traded at deep discounts to par value. Our average entry multiple for Fund VIII, VII and VI was 5.7x, 6.1x and 7.7x, respectively, as of June 30, 2021. Our average entry multiple for a private equity fund is the average of the total enterprise value over an applicable adjusted earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization, which may incorporate certain adjustments based on the investment team’s estimates and we believe captures the true economics of our funds’ investments in portfolio companies. The average entry multiple of actively investing funds may include committed investments not yet closed.
Permanent Capital
The following table summarizes the investment record for our permanent capital vehicles by segment, excluding Athene-related and Athora-related assets managed or advised by ISG and ISGI:
Total Returns(1)
IPO Year(2)
Total AUMFor the Three Months Ended June 30, 2021For the Six Months Ended June 30, 2021For the Three Months Ended June 30, 2020For the Six Months Ended June 30, 2020
Credit:(in millions)
MidCap(3)
N/A$8,883 2 %12 %4 %— %
AIF2013367 7 11 12 %(14)%
AFT2011394 8 13 9 %(15)%
AINV/Other(4)
20044,559 2 35 49 %(39)%
Real Assets:
ARI20097,954 17 %50 %37 %(41)%
Total$22,157 
(1)Total returns are based on the change in closing trading prices during the respective periods presented taking into account dividends and distributions, if any, as if they were reinvested without regard to commission.
(2)An initial public offering (“IPO”) year represents the year in which the vehicle commenced trading on a national securities exchange.
(3)MidCap is not a publicly traded vehicle and therefore IPO year is not applicable. The returns presented are a gross return based on NAV. The net returns based on NAV were 1% and 1% for the three months ended June 30, 2021 and June 30, 2020, respectively, and 9% and (2)% for the six months ended June 30, 2021 and June 30, 2020, respectively.
(4)All amounts are as of March 31, 2021 except for total returns. Refer to www.apolloic.com for the most recent financial information on AINV. Included within total AUM of AINV/Other is $1.7 billion of AUM related to a non-traded business development company from which Apollo earns investment-related service fees, but for which Apollo does not provide management or advisory services. Total returns exclude performance related to this AUM.
SIAs
As of June 30, 2021, Apollo managed approximately $30.7 billion of total AUM in SIAs, which include capital deployed from certain SIAs across Apollo’s credit, private equity and real assets funds.
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Overview of Results of Operations
Revenues
Advisory and Transaction Fees, Net. As a result of providing advisory services with respect to actual and potential credit, private equity, and real assets investments, we are entitled to receive fees for transactions related to the acquisition and, in certain instances, disposition of portfolio companies as well as fees for ongoing monitoring of portfolio company operations and directors’ fees. We also receive advisory fees for advisory services provided to certain credit funds. In addition, monitoring fees are generated on certain structured portfolio company investments. Under the terms of the limited partnership agreements for certain funds, the management fee payable by the funds may be subject to a reduction based on a certain percentage of such advisory and transaction fees, net of applicable broken deal costs (“Management Fee Offset”). Such amounts are presented as a reduction to advisory and transaction fees, net, in the condensed consolidated statements of operations (see note 2 to our condensed consolidated financial statements for more detail on advisory and transaction fees, net).
The Management Fee Offsets are calculated for each fund as follows:
•65%-100% for certain credit funds, gross advisory, transaction and other special fees;
•65%-100% for private equity funds, gross advisory, transaction and other special fees; and
•65%-100% for certain real assets funds, gross advisory, transaction and other special fees.
Management Fees. The significant growth of the assets we manage has had a positive effect on our revenues. Management fees are typically calculated based upon any of “net asset value,” “gross assets,” “adjusted par asset value,” “adjusted costs of all unrealized portfolio investments,” “capital commitments,” “invested capital,” “adjusted assets,” “capital contributions,” or “stockholders’ equity,” each as defined in the applicable limited partnership agreement and/or management agreement of the unconsolidated funds.
Performance Fees. The general partners of our funds are entitled to an incentive return of normally up to 20% of the total returns of a fund’s capital, depending upon performance of the underlying funds and subject to preferred returns and high water marks, as applicable. Performance fees, categorized as performance allocations, are accounted for as an equity method investment, and effectively, the performance fees for any period are based upon an assumed liquidation of the funds’ assets at the reporting date, and distribution of the net proceeds in accordance with the funds’ allocation provisions. Performance fees categorized as incentive fees, which are not accounted as an equity method investment, are deferred until fees are probable to not be significantly reversed. Prior to the adoption of the new revenue recognition guidance, incentive fees were recognized on an assumed liquidation basis. The majority of performance fees are comprised of performance allocations.
As of June 30, 2021, approximately 54% of the value of our funds’ investments on a gross basis was determined using market-based valuation methods (i.e., reliance on broker or listed exchange quotes) and the remaining 46% was determined primarily by comparable company and industry multiples or discounted cash flow models. For our credit, private equity and real assets segments, the percentage determined using market-based valuation methods as of June 30, 2021 was 74%, 23% and 19%, respectively. See “Item 1A. Risk Factors—Risks Related to Our Businesses—Our funds’ performance, and our performance, may be adversely affected by the financial performance of our funds’ portfolio companies and the industries in which our funds invest” and “—The COVID-19 pandemic has caused severe disruptions in the U.S. and global economy and is expected to continue to impact our business, financial condition and results of operations” in the 2020 Annual Report for discussion regarding certain industry-specific risks that could affect the fair value of our private equity funds’ portfolio company investments.
In our private equity funds, the Company does not earn performance fees until the investors in the fund have achieved cumulative investment returns on invested capital (including management fees and expenses) in excess of an 8% hurdle rate. Additionally, certain of our credit and real assets funds have various performance fee rates and hurdle rates. Certain of our credit and real assets funds allocate performance fees to the general partner in a similar manner as the private equity funds. In our private equity, certain credit and real assets funds, so long as the investors achieve their priority returns, there is a catch-up formula whereby the Company earns a priority return for a portion of the return until the Company’s performance fees equate to its incentive fee rate for that fund; thereafter, the Company participates in returns from the fund at the performance fee rate. Performance fees, categorized as performance allocations, are subject to reversal to the extent that the performance fees distributed exceed the amount due to the general partner based on a fund’s cumulative investment returns. The Company recognizes potential repayment of previously received performance fees as a general partner obligation representing all amounts previously distributed to the general partner that would need to be repaid to the Apollo funds if these funds were to be liquidated based on the current fair value of the underlying funds’ investments as of the reporting date. The actual general
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partner obligation, however, would not become payable or realized until the end of a fund’s life or as otherwise set forth in the respective limited partnership agreement of the fund.
The table below presents an analysis of Apollo’s (i) performance fees receivable on an unconsolidated basis and (ii) realized and unrealized performance fees for Apollo’s combined segments:
As of
June 30, 2021		For the Three Months Ended June 30, 2021For the Six Months Ended June 30, 2021
 
 Performance Fees Receivable on an Unconsolidated BasisUnrealized
 Performance Fees		Realized
Performance Fees		Total
Performance Fees		Unrealized
 Performance Fees		Realized
Performance Fees		Total
Performance Fees
 (in thousands)
Credit:
Corporate Credit$147,765 $20,274 $15,019 $35,293 $80,218 $25,535 $105,753 
Structured Credit204,379 (38,303)98,792 60,489 20,658 106,677 127,335 
Direct Origination91,768 3,186 (1,947)1,239 38,941 2,794 41,735 
Advisory and Other43,932 7,078 — 7,078 18,590 — 18,590 
Total Credit487,844 (7,765)111,864 104,099 158,407 135,006 293,413 
Total Credit, net of profit sharing payable/expense68,550 10,152 39,895 50,047 74,119 55,081 129,200 
Private Equity:
Fund IX685,592 142,461 — 142,461 531,794 — 531,794 
Fund VIII(5)
1,040,298 (209,343)470,849 261,506 239,832 525,342 765,174 
Fund VII(1)(2)
78,896 99,179 9 99,188 183,957 16 183,973 
Fund VI17,271 (260)12 (248)(556)21 (535)
Fund IV and V(1)
— (102)— (102)(322)— (322)
ANRP I, II and III(1)
120,483 79,163 3 79,166 140,470 5 140,475 
HVF I60,231 (22,995)33,296 10,301 7,735 47,775 55,510 
Other(1)(3)
118,478 19,672 6,238 25,910 118,936 8,169 127,105 
Total Private Equity2,121,249 107,775 510,407 618,182 1,221,846 581,328 1,803,174 
Total Private Equity, net of profit sharing payable/expense1,186,184 80,788 262,895 343,683 713,426 296,226 1,009,652 
Real Assets Funds:
Principal Finance(1)
91,859 24,477 951 25,428 14,065 22,413 36,478 
Real Estate Equity Funds(1)
23,329 2,443 — 2,443 2,205 — 2,205 
AIOF I and II22,619 3,235 443 3,678 9,820 443 10,263 
Other(1)(3)
19,701 737 1,781 2,518 14,333 1,780 16,113 
Total Real Assets157,508 30,892 3,175 34,067 40,423 24,636 65,059 
Total Real Assets, net of profit sharing payable/expense80,191 16,377 1,784 18,161 21,279 11,033 32,312 
Total$2,766,601 $130,902 $625,446 $756,348 $1,420,676 $740,970 $2,161,646 
Total, net of profit sharing payable(4)/expense
$1,334,925 $107,317 $304,574 $411,891 $808,824 $362,340 $1,171,164 
(1)As of June 30, 2021, certain private equity funds and certain real asset funds had $65.3 million and $35.4 million, respectively, in general partner obligations to return previously distributed performance fees. The fair value gain on investments and income at the fund level needed to reverse the general partner obligations for certain private equity funds and certain real assets funds was $1.2 billion and $240.0 million, respectively, as of June 30, 2021.
(2)As of June 30, 2021, the remaining investments and escrow cash of Fund VII were valued at 91% of the fund’s unreturned capital, which was below the required escrow ratio of 115%. As a result, Fund VII is required to place in escrow current and future performance fee distributions to the general partner until the specified return ratio of 115% is met (at the time of a future distribution) or upon liquidation. As of June 30, 2021, Fund VII had $128.5 million of gross performance fees, or $73.2 million net of profit sharing, in escrow. With respect to Fund VII, realized performance fees currently distributed to the general partner are limited to potential tax distributions and interest on escrow balances per these funds’ partnership agreements. Performance fees receivable as of June 30, 2021 and realized performance fees for the three and six months ended June 30, 2021 include interest earned on escrow balances that is not subject to contingent repayment.
(3)Other includes certain SIAs.
(4)There was a corresponding profit sharing payable of $1.4 billion as of June 30, 2021, including profit sharing payable related to amounts in escrow and contingent consideration obligations of $129.0 million.
(5)Fund VIII includes $148.6 million of realized performance fees received in the form of shares.
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The general partners of certain of our credit funds accrue performance fees, categorized as performance allocations, when the fair value of investments exceeds the cost basis of the individual investors’ investments in the fund, including any allocable share of expenses incurred in connection with such investments, which we refer to as “high water marks.” These high water marks are applied on an individual investor basis. Certain of our credit funds have investors with various high water marks, the achievement of which is subject to market conditions and investment performance.
Performance fees from our private equity funds and certain credit and real assets funds are subject to contingent repayment by the general partner in the event of future losses to the extent that the cumulative performance fees distributed from inception to date exceeds the amount computed as due to the general partner at the final distribution. These general partner obligations, if applicable, are included in due to related parties on the condensed consolidated statements of financial condition.
The following table summarizes our performance fees since inception for our combined segments through June 30, 2021:
Performance Fees Since Inception(1)
 Undistributed by Fund and Recognized
Distributed by Fund and Recognized(2)
Total Undistributed and Distributed by Fund and Recognized(3)
General Partner Obligation(3)
Maximum Performance Fees Subject to Potential Reversal(4)
 (in millions)
Credit:
Corporate Credit$147.8 $1,367.3 $1,515.1 $— $188.3 
Structured Credit204.4 251.3 455.7 — 176.5 
Direct Origination91.8 53.2 145.0 — 91.8 
Advisory and Other43.9 — 43.9 — 43.9 
Total Credit487.9 1,671.8 2,159.7 — 500.5 
Private Equity:
Fund IX685.6 — 685.6 — 685.6 
Fund VIII1,040.3 1,343.9 2,384.2 — 1,931.8 
Fund VII78.9 3,132.2 3,211.1 — 263.6 
Fund VI17.3 1,663.9 1,681.2 — 0.5 
Fund IV and V— 2,053.1 2,053.1 31.4 0.4 
ANRP I, II and III120.4 104.8 225.2 12.0 140.5 
HVF I60.2 67.6 127.8 — 92.5 
Other(5)
118.5 747.1 865.6 21.9 156.8 
Total Private Equity2,121.2 9,112.6 11,233.8 65.3 3,271.7 
Real Assets:
Principal Finance91.9 446.5 538.4 27.7 248.7 
Real Estate Equity Funds23.3 34.9 58.2 7.7 24.4 
AIOF I and II22.6 15.8 38.4 — 27.1 
Other(5)
19.7 36.5 56.2 — 27.3 
Total Real Assets157.5 533.7 691.2 35.4 327.5 
Total$2,766.6 $11,318.1 $14,084.7 $100.7 $4,099.7 
(1)Certain funds are denominated in Euros and historical figures are translated into U.S. dollars at an exchange rate of €1.00 to $1.19 as of June 30, 2021. Certain funds are denominated in pound sterling and translated into U.S. dollars at an exchange rate of £1.00 to $1.38 as of June 30, 2021.
(2)Amounts in “Distributed by Fund and Recognized” for the Citi Property Investors (“CPI”), Gulf Stream Asset Management, LLC (“Gulf Stream”), Stone Tower Capital LLC and its related companies (“Stone Tower”) funds and SIAs are presented for activity subsequent to the respective acquisition dates. Amounts exclude certain performance fees from business development companies and Redding Ridge Holdings LP (“Redding Ridge Holdings”), an affiliate of Redding Ridge.
(3)Amounts were computed based on the fair value of fund investments on June 30, 2021. Performance fees have been allocated to and recognized by the general partner. Based on the amount allocated, a portion is subject to potential reversal or, to the extent applicable, has been reduced by the general partner obligation to return previously distributed performance fees at June 30, 2021. The actual determination and any required payment of any such general partner obligation would not take place until the final disposition of the fund’s investments based on contractual termination of the fund.
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(4)Represents the amount of performance fees that would be reversed if remaining fund investments became worthless on June 30, 2021. Amounts subject to potential reversal of performance fees include amounts undistributed by a fund (i.e., the performance fees receivable), as well as a portion of the amounts that have been distributed by a fund, net of taxes and not subject to a general partner obligation to return previously distributed performance fees, except for those funds that are gross of taxes as defined in the respective funds’ governing documents.
(5)Other includes certain SIAs.
Expenses
Compensation and Benefits. Our most significant expense is compensation and benefits expense. This consists of fixed salary, discretionary and non-discretionary bonuses, profit sharing expense associated with the performance fees earned from credit, private equity, and real assets funds and compensation expense associated with the vesting of non-cash equity-based awards.
Our compensation arrangements with certain partners and employees contain a significant performance-based incentive component. Therefore, as our net revenues increase, our compensation costs rise. Our compensation costs also reflect the increased investment in people as we expand geographically and create new funds.
In addition, certain professionals and selected other individuals have a profit sharing interest in the performance fees earned in relation to our private equity, certain credit and real assets funds in order to better align their interests with our own and with those of the investors in these funds. Profit sharing expense is part of our compensation and benefits expense and is generally based upon a fixed percentage of credit, private equity and real assets performance fees. Profit sharing expense can reverse during periods when there is a decline in performance fees that were previously recognized. Profit sharing amounts are normally distributed to employees after the corresponding investment gains have been realized and generally before preferred returns are achieved for the investors. Therefore, changes in our unrealized performance fees have the same effect on our profit sharing expense. Profit sharing expense increases when unrealized performance fees increases. Realizations only impact profit sharing expense to the extent that the effects on investments have not been recognized previously. If losses on other investments within a fund are subsequently realized, the profit sharing amounts previously distributed are normally subject to a general partner obligation to return performance fees previously distributed back to the funds. This general partner obligation due to the funds would be realized only when the fund is liquidated, which generally occurs at the end of the fund’s term. However, indemnification obligations also exist for realized gains with respect to Fund IV, Fund V and Fund VI, which, although our Co-Founders and Contributing Partners would remain personally liable, may indemnify our Co-Founders and Contributing Partners for 17.5% to 100% of the previously distributed profits regardless of the fund’s future performance. See note 14 to our condensed consolidated financial statements for further information regarding the Company’s indemnification liability.
Each of Joshua Harris and Marc Rowan receives $100,000 per year in base salary for services rendered to us. Additionally, Messrs. Harris and Rowan can receive other forms of compensation. In addition, AHL Awards and other equity-based compensation awards have been granted to the Company and certain employees, which amortize over the respective vesting periods. The Company grants equity awards to certain employees, including RSUs, restricted Class A shares and options, that generally vest and become exercisable in quarterly installments or annual installments depending on the contract terms over a period of three to six years. In some instances, vesting of an RSU is also subject to the Company’s receipt of performance fees, within prescribed periods, sufficient to cover the associated equity-based compensation expense. See note 12 to our condensed consolidated financial statements for further discussion of equity-based compensation.
Other Expenses. The balance of our other expenses includes interest, placement fees, and general, administrative and other operating expenses. Interest expense consists primarily of interest related to the 2024 Senior Notes, the 2026 Senior Notes, the 2029 Senior Notes, the 2030 Senior Notes, the 2039 Senior Secured Guaranteed Notes, the 2048 Senior Notes and the 2050 Subordinated Notes as discussed in note 10 to our condensed consolidated financial statements. Placement fees are incurred in connection with our capital raising activities. In cases where the limited partners of the funds are determined to be the customer in an arrangement, placement fees may be capitalized as a cost to acquire a customer contract, and amortized over the life of the customer contract. General, administrative and other expenses includes occupancy expense, depreciation and amortization, professional fees and costs related to travel, information technology and administration. Occupancy expense represents charges related to office leases and associated expenses, such as utilities and maintenance fees. Depreciation and amortization of fixed assets is normally calculated using the straight-line method over their estimated useful lives, ranging from two to sixteen years, taking into consideration any residual value. Leasehold improvements are amortized over the shorter of the useful life of the asset or the expected term of the lease. Intangible assets are amortized based on the future cash flows over the expected useful lives of the assets.
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Other Income (Loss)
Net Gains (Losses) from Investment Activities. Net gains (losses) from investment activities include both realized gains and losses and the change in unrealized gains and losses in our investment portfolio between the opening reporting date and the closing reporting date. Net unrealized gains (losses) are a result of changes in the fair value of unrealized investments and reversal of unrealized gains (losses) due to dispositions of investments during the reporting period. Significant judgment and estimation goes into the assumptions that drive these models and the actual values realized with respect to investments could be materially different from values obtained based on the use of those models. The valuation methodologies applied impact the reported value of investment company holdings and their underlying portfolios in our condensed consolidated financial statements.
Net Gains (Losses) from Investment Activities of Consolidated Variable Interest Entities. Changes in the fair value of the consolidated VIEs’ assets and liabilities and related interest, dividend and other income and expenses subsequent to consolidation are presented within net gains (losses) from investment activities of consolidated variable interest entities and are attributable to Non-Controlling Interests in the condensed consolidated statements of operations.
Other Income (Losses), Net. Other income (losses), net includes gains (losses) arising from the remeasurement of foreign currency denominated assets and liabilities, remeasurement of the tax receivable agreement liability and other miscellaneous non-operating income and expenses.
Income Taxes. Significant judgment is required in determining the provision for income taxes and in evaluating income tax positions, including evaluating uncertainties. We recognize the income tax benefits of uncertain tax positions only where the position is “more likely than not” to be sustained upon examination, including resolution of any related appeals or litigation, based on the technical merits of the positions. The tax benefit is measured as the largest amount of benefit that has a greater than 50% likelihood of being realized upon ultimate settlement. If a tax position is not considered more likely than not to be sustained, then no benefits of the position are recognized. The Company’s income tax positions are reviewed and evaluated quarterly to determine whether or not we have uncertain tax positions that require financial statement recognition or de-recognition.
Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the expected future tax consequences, using currently enacted tax rates, of differences between the carrying amount of assets and liabilities and their respective tax basis. The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates is recognized in income in the period when the change is enacted. Deferred tax assets are reduced by a valuation allowance when it is more likely than not that some portion or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized.
Non-Controlling Interests
For entities that are consolidated, but not 100% owned, a portion of the income or loss and corresponding equity is allocated to owners other than Apollo. The aggregate of the income or loss and corresponding equity that is not owned by the Company is included in Non-Controlling Interests in the condensed consolidated financial statements. The Non-Controlling Interests relating to Apollo Global Management, Inc. primarily include the 39.8% and 40.4% ownership interest in the Apollo Operating Group held by the Co-Founders and Contributing Partners through their limited partner interests in Holdings as of June 30, 2021 and 2020, respectively. Additionally, as of June 30, 2021, Athene holds a 6.7% Non-Controlling Interest in the Apollo Operating Group as a result of the Transaction Agreement. Non-Controlling Interests also include limited partner interests in certain consolidated funds and VIEs.
The authoritative guidance for Non-Controlling Interests in the condensed consolidated financial statements requires reporting entities to present Non-Controlling Interest as equity and provides guidance on the accounting for transactions between an entity and Non-Controlling Interests. According to the guidance, (1) Non-Controlling Interests are presented as a separate component of stockholders’ equity on the Company’s condensed consolidated statements of financial condition, (2) net income (loss) includes the net income (loss) attributable to the Non-Controlling Interest holders on the Company’s condensed consolidated statements of operations, (3) the primary components of Non-Controlling Interest are separately presented in the Company’s condensed consolidated statements of changes in stockholders’ equity to clearly distinguish the interests in the Apollo Operating Group and other ownership interests in the consolidated entities and (4) profits and losses are allocated to Non-Controlling Interests in proportion to their ownership interests regardless of their basis.
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Results of Operations
Below is a discussion of our condensed consolidated results of operations for the three and six months ended June 30, 2021 and 2020. For additional analysis of the factors that affected our results at the segment level, see “—Segment Analysis” below:
 For the Three Months Ended
June 30,		Amount
Change		Percentage
Change		For the Six Months Ended June 30,Amount
Change		Percentage
Change
 2021202020212020
Revenues:(in thousands)(in thousands)
Management fees$470,092 $409,953 $60,139 14.7%$927,277 $806,557 $120,720 15.0%
Advisory and transaction fees, net86,351 61,957 24,394 39.4142,699 98,920 43,779 44.3
Investment income (loss):
Performance allocations735,139 924,599 (189,460)(20.5)2,130,486 (809,724)2,940,210 NM
Principal investment income (loss)76,425 111,621 (35,196)(31.5)458,391 (76,228)534,619 NM
Total investment income (loss)811,564 1,036,220 (224,656)(21.7)2,588,877 (885,952)3,474,829 NM
Incentive fees14,318 205 14,113 NM18,172 19,724 (1,552)(7.9)
Total Revenues1,382,325 1,508,335 (126,010)(8.4)3,677,025 39,249 3,637,776 NM
Expenses:
Compensation and benefits:
Salary, bonus and benefits181,299 151,019 30,280 20.1355,929 290,288 65,641 22.6
Equity-based compensation52,998 59,420 (6,422)(10.8)109,446 111,542 (2,096)(1.9)
Profit sharing expense361,247 375,959 (14,712)(3.9)1,016,727 (260,039)1,276,766 NM
Total compensation and benefits595,544 586,398 9,146 1.61,482,102 141,791 1,340,311 NM
Interest expense34,814 32,291 2,523 7.869,613 63,533 6,080 9.6
General, administrative and other115,838 83,729 32,109 38.3215,688 168,251 47,437 28.2
Placement fees591 359 232 64.61,128 768 360 46.9
Total Expenses746,787 702,777 44,010 6.31,768,531 374,343 1,394,188 372.4
Other Income (Loss):
Net gains (losses) from investment activities913,394 268,667 644,727 240.01,266,545 (995,884)2,262,429 NM
Net gains (losses) from investment activities of consolidated variable interest entities145,403 57,862 87,541 151.3257,997 (108,058)366,055 NM
Interest income645 3,994 (3,349)(83.9)1,443 11,928 (10,485)(87.9)
Other income (loss), net4,531 3,327 1,204 36.2(13,219)(13,180)(39)0.3
Total Other Income (Loss)1,063,973 333,850 730,123 218.71,512,766 (1,105,194)2,617,960 NM
Income (Loss) before income tax provision1,699,511 1,139,408 560,103 49.23,421,260 (1,440,288)4,861,548 NM
Income tax (provision) benefit(194,051)(140,323)(53,728)38.3(397,297)155,530 (552,827)NM
Net Income (Loss)1,505,460 999,085 506,375 50.73,023,963 (1,284,758)4,308,721 NM
Net income (loss) attributable to Non-Controlling Interests(847,733)(552,756)(294,977)53.4(1,687,346)734,869 (2,422,215)NM
Net Income (Loss) Attributable to Apollo Global Management, Inc.657,727 446,329 211,398 47.41,336,617 (549,889)1,886,506 NM
Net income attributable to Series A Preferred Shareholders(4,383)(4,383)— —(8,766)(8,766)— —
Net income attributable to Series B Preferred Shareholders(4,781)(4,782)1 —(9,562)(9,563)1 —
Net Income (Loss) Attributable to AGM Class A Shareholders$648,563 $437,164 $211,399 48.4%$1,318,289 $(568,218)$1,886,507 NM
Note: “NM” denotes not meaningful. Changes from negative to positive amounts and positive to negative amounts are not considered meaningful. Increases or decreases from zero and changes greater than 500% are also not considered meaningful.
In March 2020, the World Health Organization declared the outbreak of a novel coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic, which has resulted in uncertainty and disruption in the global economy and financial markets. While we are unable to accurately predict the full impact that COVID-19 will have on our results from operations, financial condition, liquidity and cash flows due to numerous uncertainties, including the duration and severity of the pandemic and containment measures, our compliance with these measures has impacted our day-to-day operations and could disrupt our business and operations, as well as that of the Apollo Funds and their portfolio companies, for an indefinite period of time. See “Item 1A. Risk Factors — Risks Related to Our Businesses — The COVID-19 pandemic has caused severe disruptions in the U.S. and global economy and is expected to continue to impact our business, financial condition and results of operations” in the 2020 Annual Report.
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Three Months Ended June 30, 2021 Compared to Three Months Ended June 30, 2020
In this section, references to 2021 refer to the three months ended June 30, 2021 and references to 2020 refer to the three months ended June 30, 2020.
Revenues
Management fees increased by $60.1 million to $470.1 million in 2021 from $410.0 million in 2020. This change was primarily attributable to an increase in management fees earned from Athene of $49.2 million. For additional details regarding changes in management fees in each segment, see “—Segment Analysis” below.
Advisory and transaction fees, net, increased by $24.4 million to $86.4 million in 2021 from $62.0 million in 2020. Advisory and transaction fees earned during 2021 were primarily related to transaction fees earned from a company in the consumer services industry and structuring fees earned from a company in the consumer and retail industry. Advisory and transaction fees earned during 2020 were primarily related to transaction fees earned with respect to certain portfolio companies in the media, telecom and technology industries and structuring fees earned from a company in the consumer and retail industry.
Performance allocations decreased by $189.5 million to $735.1 million in 2021 from $924.6 million in 2020. The decrease in performance allocations was primarily attributable to decreased performance allocations earned from Fund VIII of $472.9 million partially offset by an increase in performance allocations earned from Fund IX, ANRP II and Fund VII of $145.7 million, $78.4 million and $55.6 million, respectively, during 2021.
The decrease in performance allocations from Fund VIII was primarily driven by the fund being in the catchup phase of carry during 2020 whereby the Company earned a larger share of carried interest (80%), whereas for 2021, the Company earned its typical 20% carried interest rate.
The increase in performance allocations from Fund IX was primarily driven by the fund achieving its annualized hurdle rate in 2021 whereas it was below the annualized hurdle rate in 2020.
The increase in performance allocations from ANRP II was primarily driven by appreciation in the value of the fund’s public and private investments in the natural resources sector during 2021. Moreover, the fund achieved its annualized hurdle rate in 2021 whereas it was below the annualized hurdle rate in 2020.
The increase in performance allocations from Fund VII was primarily driven by appreciation in the value of a private investment in the consumer services sector during 2021.
Principal investment income decreased by $35.2 million to $76.4 million in 2021 from $111.6 million in 2020. Principal investment income was higher in 2020 primarily driven by larger increases in the value of investments held by certain Apollo funds and other entities in which the Company has a direct interest, mainly with respect to VA Capital Company, LLC of $34.4 million in 2020.
Incentive fees increased by $14.1 million to $14.3 million in 2021 from $0.2 million in 2020. This change was primarily attributable to incentive fees earned from an SIA of $13.8 million in 2021.
Expenses
Compensation and benefits increased by $9.1 million to $595.5 million in 2021 from $586.4 million in 2020. This change was primarily attributable to an increase in salary, bonus and benefits of $30.3 million, due to an increase in bonus accruals and headcount. This change was partially offset by a decrease in profit sharing expense of $14.7 million in 2021. In any period, the blended profit sharing percentage is impacted by the respective profit sharing ratios of the funds generating performance allocations in the period.
Included in profit sharing expense is $24.6 million and $5.0 million for 2021 and 2020, respectively, related to the Incentive Pool. See “—Profit Sharing Expense” in the Critical Accounting Policies section for an overview of the Incentive Pool.
Interest expense increased by $2.5 million to $34.8 million in 2021 from $32.3 million in 2020, primarily due to additional interest expense incurred as a result of the timing of issuances of debt arrangements, as described in note 10 to our condensed consolidated financial statements.
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General, administrative and other expenses increased by $32.1 million to $115.8 million in 2021 from $83.7 million in 2020. This change was primarily driven by an increase in legal, consulting, and other professional fees as well as higher recruitment fees related to the increase in headcount.
Other Income (Loss)
Net gains from investment activities increased by $644.7 million to $913.4 million in 2021 from $268.7 million in 2020. This change was primarily attributable to a gain from the Company’s investment in Athene Holding during 2021 as compared to the same period in 2020 due to the combined impact of COVID-19 related market dislocation and a higher discount for lack of marketability (“DLOM”) during 2020. See note 6 and 14 to the condensed consolidated financial statements for further information regarding the Company’s investment in Athene Holding.
Net gains from investment activities of consolidated VIEs increased by $87.5 million to $145.4 million in 2021 from $57.9 million in 2020. This change was primarily driven by gains from existing consolidated VIEs during 2021 as compared to losses in our consolidated VIEs in 2020 due to unrealized mark-to-market losses from COVID-19 related market dislocation, as discussed in note 5 to the condensed consolidated financial statements.
Interest income decreased by $3.3 million to $0.6 million in 2021 from $4.0 million in 2020 primarily due to lower interest income earned from money market funds and U.S. Treasury securities.
Income Tax Provision
Income tax provision totaled $(194.1) million and $(140.3) million for 2021 and 2020, respectively. The change was primarily related to the increase in pre-tax income. Significant unrealized mark-to-market gains were recognized during 2021 as compared to 2020 due to the market dislocation impact of COVID-19. The provision for income taxes includes federal, state, local and foreign income taxes resulting in an effective income tax rate of 11.4% and 12.3% for 2021 and 2020, respectively. The most significant reconciling items between our U.S. federal statutory income tax rate and our effective income tax rate were due to the following: (i) income passed through to Non-Controlling Interests and (ii) foreign, state and local income taxes, including NYC UBT (see note 9 to the condensed consolidated financial statements for further details regarding the Company’s income tax provision).
Six Months Ended June 30, 2021 Compared to Six Months Ended June 30, 2020
In this section, references to 2021 refer to the six months ended June 30, 2021 and references to 2020 refer to the six months ended June 30, 2020.
Revenues
Management fees increased by $120.7 million to $927.3 million in 2021 from $806.6 million in 2020. This change was primarily attributable to an increase in management fees earned from Athene and Athora of $93.2 million and $19.3 million, respectively. For additional details regarding changes in management fees in each segment, see “—Segment Analysis” below.
Advisory and transaction fees, net, increased by $43.8 million to $142.7 million in 2021 from $98.9 million in 2020. Advisory and transaction fees earned during 2021 were primarily related to transaction fees earned from a company in the consumer services industry and structuring fees earned from a company in the consumer and retail industry. Advisory and transaction fees earned during 2020 were primarily related to net advisory and transaction fees earned with respect to certain portfolio companies in the media, telecom, technology, and financial services industries, net advisory and transaction fees earned related to the structuring of a loan for a portfolio company and structuring fees from a company in the consumer and retail industry.
Performance allocations increased by $2.9 billion to $2.1 billion in 2021 from $(0.8) billion in 2020. The increase in performance allocations was primarily attributable to increased performance allocations earned from Fund VIII, Fund IX, Fund VII and ANRP II of $1.4 billion, $548.4 million, $297.7 million and $158.7 million, respectively, during 2021. In 2020, the pandemic resulting from COVID-19 and the actions taken in response caused severe disruption to the global economy and financial markets and, in line with public equity and credit indices, we experienced significant unrealized mark-to-market losses in our underlying funds.
The increase in performance allocations from Fund VIII was primarily driven by higher appreciation in the value of the fund’s investments in public portfolio companies primarily in the consumer services, media, telecom and technology, and
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financial services sectors, as well as appreciation in private portfolio companies primarily in the natural resources and media, telecom and technology sectors during 2021.
The increase in performance allocations from Fund IX was primarily driven by appreciation in the value of the fund’s investments in private portfolio companies in the media, telecom and technology, leisure and financial services sectors during 2021. Moreover, the fund achieved its annualized hurdle rate in 2021 whereas it was below the annualized hurdle rate in 2020.
The increase in performance allocations from Fund VII was primarily driven by appreciation in the value of the fund’s investments in private portfolio companies in the consumer services sector and in public portfolio companies in the consumer and retail and natural resources sectors during 2021.
The increase in performance allocations from ANRP II was primarily driven by appreciation in the value of the fund’s public and private investments in the natural resources sector during 2021. Moreover, the fund achieved its annualized hurdle rate in 2021 whereas it was below the annualized hurdle rate in 2020.
Principal investment income increased by $534.6 million to $458.4 million in 2021 from $(76.2) million in 2020. This change was primarily driven by increases in the value of investments held by certain Apollo funds and other entities in which the Company has a direct interest, mainly with respect to VA Capital Company, LLC, Fund VIII, Fund IX, Redding Ridge Holdings and Fund VII of $210.8 million, $144.0 million, $48.9 million, $23.5 million and $17.9 million, respectively. The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic led to unrealized principal investment losses during 2020.
Expenses
Compensation and benefits increased by $1.3 billion to $1.5 billion in 2021 from $141.8 million in 2020. This change was primarily attributable to an increase in profit sharing expense of $1.3 billion due to a corresponding increase in performance allocations during 2021, as compared to the same period in 2020. In any period, the blended profit sharing percentage is impacted by the respective profit sharing ratios of the funds generating performance allocations in the period. Additionally, there was an increase in salary, bonus and benefits of $65.6 million, primarily attributable to an increase in bonus accruals and headcount.
Included in profit sharing expense is $35.7 million and $42.9 million for 2021 and 2020, respectively, related to the Incentive Pool. See “—Profit Sharing Expense” in the Critical Accounting Policies section for an overview of the Incentive Pool.
Interest expense increased by $6.1 million to $69.6 million in 2021 from $63.5 million in 2020, primarily due to additional interest expense incurred as a result of the timing of issuances of debt arrangements, as described in note 10 to our condensed consolidated financial statements.
General, administrative and other expenses increased by $47.4 million to $215.7 million in 2021 from $168.3 million in 2020. This change was primarily driven by an increase in legal, consulting, and other professional fees as well as higher recruitment expenses during 2021.
Other Income (Loss)
Net gains (losses) from investment activities increased by $2.3 billion to $1.3 billion in 2021 from $(1.0) billion in 2020. This change was primarily attributable to a gain from the Company’s investment in Athene Holding during 2021 as compared to a loss on the Company’s investment in Athene Holding due to the combined impact of COVID-19 related market dislocation and a higher DLOM during 2020. See note 6 and 14 to the condensed consolidated financial statements for further information regarding the Company’s investment in Athene Holding.
Net gains (losses) from investment activities of consolidated VIEs increased by $366.1 million to $258.0 million in 2021 from $(108.1) million in 2020. This change was primarily driven by gains from new and existing consolidated VIEs during 2021 as compared to net losses in our consolidated VIEs in 2020 due to unrealized mark-to-market losses from COVID-19 related market dislocation, as discussed in note 5 to the condensed consolidated financial statements. See note 5 to the condensed consolidated financial statements for details regarding net gains from investment activities of consolidated VIEs.
Interest income decreased by $10.5 million to $1.4 million in 2021 from $11.9 million in 2020, primarily due to lower interest income earned from money market funds and U.S. Treasury securities in 2021. Throughout 2021, the Company has invested a smaller portion of its cash in U.S. Treasury securities compared to 2020.
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Income Tax Provision
The income tax (provision) benefit totaled $(397.3) million and $155.5 million in 2021 and 2020, respectively. The change was primarily related to the increase in pre-tax income. Significant unrealized mark-to-market book gains were recognized in 2021 as compared to (and in larger part reversing) the unrealized mark-to-market book losses recognized in 2020. The provision for income taxes includes federal, state, local and foreign income taxes resulting in an effective income tax rate of 11.6% and 10.8% for 2021 and 2020, respectively. The most significant reconciling items between our U.S. federal statutory income tax rate and our effective income tax rate were due to the following: (i) income passed through to Non-Controlling Interests; and (ii) foreign, state and local income taxes including NYC UBT (see note 9 to the condensed consolidated financial statements for further details regarding the Company’s income tax provision).
Segment Analysis
Discussed below are our results of operations for each of our reportable segments. They represent the segment information available and utilized by our chief operating decision maker to assess performance and to allocate resources. See note 16 to our condensed consolidated financial statements for more information regarding our segment reporting.
Our financial results vary, since performance fees, which generally constitute a large portion of the income from the funds that we manage, as well as the transaction and advisory fees that we receive, can vary significantly from quarter to quarter and year to year. As a result, we emphasize long-term financial growth and profitability to manage our business.
Credit
The following table sets forth our segment statement of operations information and our supplemental performance measure, Segment Distributable Earnings, within our credit segment.
 For the Three Months Ended June 30,Total ChangePercentage ChangeFor the Six Months Ended June 30,Total ChangePercentage Change
 2021202020212020
 (in thousands)
Credit:
Management fees$273,307 $224,721 $48,586 21.6%$541,338 $432,950 $108,388 25.0%
Advisory and transaction fees, net54,757 13,756 41,001 298.187,887 29,023 58,864 202.8
Performance fees(1)
8,075 3,440 4,635 134.716,846 5,844 11,002 188.3
Fee Related Revenues336,139 241,917 94,222 38.9646,071 467,817 178,254 38.1
Salary, bonus and benefits(75,299)(52,806)(22,493)42.6(144,678)(109,814)(34,864)31.7
General, administrative and other(43,590)(37,251)(6,339)17.0(80,219)(72,624)(7,595)10.5
Placement fees(589)(358)(231)64.5(1,066)(664)(402)60.5
Fee Related Expenses(119,478)(90,415)(29,063)32.1(225,963)(183,102)(42,861)23.4
Other income (loss), net of Non-Controlling Interest(990)(724)(266)36.7(1,549)(1,387)(162)11.7
Fee Related Earnings215,671 150,778 64,893 43.0418,559 283,328 135,231 47.7
Realized performance fees103,789 4,359 99,430 NM118,160 30,220 87,940 291.0
Realized profit sharing expense(71,970)(4,359)(67,611)NM(79,924)(29,916)(50,008)167.2
Net Realized Performance Fees31,819 — 31,819 NM38,236 304 37,932 NM
Realized principal investment income, net(2)
2,588 1,810 778 43.04,435 3,184 1,251 39.3
Net interest loss and other(11,869)(11,857)(12)0.1(25,654)(28,971)3,317 (11.4)
Segment Distributable Earnings$238,209 $140,731 $97,478 69.3%$435,576 $257,845 $177,731 68.9%
(1)Represents certain performance fees from business development companies, Redding Ridge Holdings, and MidCap.
(2)Realized principal investment income, net includes dividends from our permanent capital vehicles, net of such amounts used to compensate employees.
Three Months Ended June 30, 2021 Compared to Three Months Ended June 30, 2020
In this section, references to 2021 refer to the three months ended June 30, 2021 and references to 2020 refer to the three months ended June 30, 2020.
Management fees increased by $48.6 million to $273.3 million in 2021 from $224.7 million in 2020. This change was primarily attributable to an increase in management fees earned from Athene of $44.5 million during 2021.
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Advisory and transaction fees, net increased by $41.0 million to $54.8 million in 2021 from $13.8 million in 2020. This increase was primarily driven by structuring fees earned from a company in the consumer and retail industry.
Performance fees increased by $4.6 million to $8.1 million in 2021 from $3.4 million in 2020, primarily attributable to an increase in performance fees earned from Redding Ridge Holdings of $10.0 million, partially offset by a decrease in performance fees earned from Midcap and a business development company of $3.6 million and $1.8 million, respectively. Redding Ridge Holdings achieved its annualized hurdle rate during 2021 but did not do so in 2020.
Salary, bonus and benefits expense increased by $22.5 million to $75.3 million in 2021 from $52.8 million in 2020 primarily due to an increase in headcount as the Company continues to invest in its businesses.
General, administrative and other expenses increased by $6.3 million to $43.6 million in 2021 from $37.3 million in 2020. This increase was primarily driven by an increase in professional fees and other miscellaneous expenses.
Realized performance fees increased by $99.4 million to $103.8 million in 2021 from $4.4 million in 2020. This change was primarily attributable to an increase in realized performance fees generated from the sale of a mortgage business and an SIA of $75.0 million and $13.8 million, respectively.
The realized performance fees from the SIA were primarily driven by mark-to-market gains on its investments in structured credit products due to widespread market appreciation and spread tightening during 2021 as compared to the same period in 2020.
Realized profit sharing expense increased by $67.6 million to $72.0 million in 2021 from $4.4 million in 2020, as a result of a corresponding increase in realized performance fees as described above, and an increase in the profit sharing expense related to the Incentive Pool. In any period the blended profit sharing percentage is impacted by the respective profit sharing ratios of the funds generating performance fees in the period. Included in realized profit sharing expense is $3.5 million and $1.3 million related to the Incentive Pool for 2021 and 2020, respectively. The Incentive Pool is separate from the fund related profit sharing expense and may result in greater variability in compensation and have a variable impact on the blended profit sharing percentage during a particular period.
Realized principal investment income increased by $0.8 million to $2.6 million in 2021 from $1.8 million in 2020. This change was primarily attributable to an increase in realizations from Apollo’s equity ownership in Midcap in 2021.
Six Months Ended June 30, 2021 Compared to Six Months Ended June 30, 2020
In this section, references to 2021 refer to the six months ended June 30, 2021 and references to 2020 refer to the six months ended June 30, 2020.
Management fees increased by $108.4 million to $541.3 million in 2021 from $433.0 million in 2020. This change was primarily attributable to an increase in management fees earned from Athene and Athora of $83.9 million and $17.3 million, respectively.
Advisory and transaction fees, net increased by $58.9 million to $87.9 million in 2021 from $29.0 million in 2020. This increase was primarily driven by advisory and transaction fees earned related to portfolio companies in the consumer and retail industries during 2021.
Performance fees increased by $11.0 million to $16.8 million in 2021 from $5.8 million in 2020, primarily attributable to an increase in performance fees earned from Redding Ridge Holdings of $14.1 million partially offset by a decrease in performance fees earned from Midcap of $3.5 million during 2021. Redding Ridge Holdings achieved its annualized hurdle rate during 2021 but did not do so in 2020.
Salary, bonus and benefits expense increased by $34.9 million to $144.7 million in 2021 from $109.8 million in 2020 primarily due to an increase in headcount and bonus accruals.
General, administrative and other expenses increased by $7.6 million to $80.2 million in 2021 from $72.6 million in 2020. This increase was primarily driven by an increase in consulting and legal fees and other miscellaneous expenses.
Realized performance fees increased by $87.9 million to $118.2 million in 2021 from $30.2 million in 2020. This change was primarily attributable to an increase in realized performance fees generated from the sale of a mortgage business of $75.0 million.
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Realized profit sharing expense increased by $50.0 million to $79.9 million in 2021 from $29.9 million in 2020, as a result of a corresponding increase in realized performance fees as described above, and decrease in profit sharing expense related to the Incentive Pool. In any period the blended profit sharing percentage is impacted by the respective profit sharing ratios of the funds generating performance fees in the period. Included in realized profit sharing expense is $5.4 million and $16.6 million related to the Incentive Pool for 2021 and 2020, respectively. The Incentive Pool is separate from the fund related profit sharing expense and may result in greater variability in compensation and have a variable impact on the blended profit sharing percentage during a particular period.
Realized principal investment income increased by $1.3 million to $4.4 million in 2021 from $3.2 million in 2020. This change was primarily attributable to an increase in realization from Apollo’s equity ownership in Midcap, partially offset by a decrease in realizations from AINV.
Net interest loss and other decreased by $3.3 million to $25.7 million in 2021 from $29.0 million in 2020. The higher expenses incurred in 2020 were primarily due to one-time costs to wind down a managed account arrangement.
Private Equity
The following table sets forth our segment statement of operations information and our supplemental performance measure, Segment Distributable Earnings, within our private equity segment.
For the Three Months Ended June 30,Total ChangePercentage ChangeFor the Six Months Ended June 30,Total ChangePercentage Change
2021202020212020
(in thousands)
Private Equity:
Management fees$123,106 $127,592 $(4,486)(3.5)%$245,374 $252,860 $(7,486)(3.0)%
Advisory and transaction fees, net27,047 44,802 (17,755)(39.6)48,378 65,145 (16,767)(25.7)
Fee Related Revenues150,153 172,394 (22,241)(12.9)293,752 318,005 (24,253)(7.6)
Salary, bonus and benefits(58,856)(53,202)(5,654)10.6(117,605)(95,682)(21,923)22.9
General, administrative and other(27,546)(21,770)(5,776)26.5(48,675)(43,764)(4,911)11.2
Placement fees— — — NM— (107)107 (100.0)
Fee Related Expenses(86,402)(74,972)(11,430)15.2(166,280)(139,553)(26,727)19.2
Other income, net696 2 694 NM1,419 25 1,394 NM
Fee Related Earnings64,447 97,424 (32,977)(33.8)128,891 178,477 (49,586)(27.8)
Realized performance fees361,793 3,549 358,244 NM432,714 4,692 428,022 NM
Realized profit sharing expense(173,191)(3,549)(169,642)NM(210,781)(4,996)(205,785)NM
Net Realized Performance Fees188,602 — 188,602 NM221,933 (304)222,237 NM
Realized principal investment income67,102 3,404 63,698 NM88,805 3,946 84,859 NM
Net interest loss and other(13,738)(11,686)(2,052)17.6(27,236)(27,360)124 (0.5)
Segment Distributable Earnings$306,413 $89,142 $217,271 243.7%$412,393 $154,759 $257,634 166.5%
Three Months Ended June 30, 2021 Compared to Three Months Ended June 30, 2020
In this section, references to 2021 refer to the three months ended June 30, 2021 and references to 2020 refer to the three months ended June 30, 2020.
Management fees decreased by $4.5 million to $123.1 million in 2021 from $127.6 million in 2020. This change was primarily attributable to a decrease in management fees earned from ANRP II and Fund VIII of $6.7 million and $2.8 million, respectively, partially offset by an increase in management fees earned from ANRP III and HVF I of $4.3 million and $3.8 million, respectively.
Advisory and transaction fees, net decreased by $17.8 million to $27.0 million in 2021 from $44.8 million in 2020. Advisory and transaction fees in 2021 were primarily attributable to a transaction fee in the consumer services industry. Advisory and transaction fees in 2020 were primarily attributable to a transaction fee earned with respect to a portfolio company in the media, telecom and technology industry and a structuring fee earned from a portfolio company in the consumer and retail industry.
Salary, bonus and benefits expense increased by $5.7 million to $58.9 million in 2021 from $53.2 million in 2020 primarily due to an increase in headcount.
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General, administrative and other expenses increased by $5.8 million to $27.5 million in 2021 from $21.8 million in 2020. This change was primarily driven by an increase in professional fees and other miscellaneous expenses in 2021.
Realized performance fees increased by $358.2 million to $361.8 million in 2021 from $3.5 million in 2020. This change was primarily attributable to an increase in realized performance fees generated from Fund VIII of $340.5 million during 2021.
The increase in realized performance fees earned from Fund VIII in 2021 were the result of sales and income generated from investments primarily in the consumer services, natural resources, manufacturing and industrial, and financial services sectors, which reduced the previous netting hole to zero and resulted in recognition of the realized performance fees.
Realized profit sharing expense increased by $169.6 million to $173.2 million in 2021 from $3.5 million in 2020, as a result of the corresponding increase in realized performance fees as described above as well as an increase in the profit sharing expense related to the Incentive Pool. In any period the blended profit sharing percentage is impacted by the respective profit sharing ratios of the funds generating performance fees in the period. Included in realized profit sharing expense is $21.1 million and $1.8 million of expenses related to the Incentive Pool for 2021 and 2020, respectively. The Incentive Pool is separate from the fund related profit sharing expense and may result in greater variability in compensation and have a variable impact on the blended profit sharing percentage during a particular period.
Realized principal investment income increased by $63.7 million to $67.1 million in 2021 from $3.4 million in 2020. This change was primarily attributable to an increase in realizations from Apollo’s equity ownership in Fund VIII of $59.6 million in 2021.
Net interest loss and other increased by $2.1 million to $13.7 million in 2021 from $11.7 million in 2020 primarily due to additional interest expense as a result of the timing of issuances of debt arrangements, as described in note 11 to our consolidated financial statements and a decrease in interest income earned from U.S. Treasury securities in 2021.
Six Months Ended June 30, 2021 Compared to Six Months Ended June 30, 2020
In this section, references to 2021 refer to the six months ended June 30, 2021 and references to 2020 refer to the six months ended June 30, 2020.
Management fees decreased by $7.5 million to $245.4 million in 2021 from $252.9 million in 2020. This change was primarily attributable to a decrease in management fees earned from ANRP II, Fund VIII and Fund VII of $13.3 million, $5.6 million and $5.2 million, respectively, partially offset by an increase in management fees earned from ANRP III and HVF I of $8.6 million and $7.9 million, respectively.
Advisory and transaction fees, net decreased by $16.8 million to $48.4 million in 2021 from $65.1 million in 2020. Advisory and transaction fees in 2021 were primarily attributable to transaction fees in the consumer services industry. Advisory and transaction fees in 2020 were primarily attributable to transaction fees earned with respect to a portfolio company in the media, telecom and technology industry and a structuring fee earned from a portfolio company in the consumer and retail industry in 2020.
Salary, bonus and benefits expense increased by $21.9 million to $117.6 million in 2021 from $95.7 million in 2020 primarily due to an increase in headcount and bonus accruals.
General, administrative and other expenses increased by $4.9 million to $48.7 million in 2021 from $43.8 million in 2020. This change was primarily driven by increases in technology and other miscellaneous expenses in 2021.
Realized performance fees increased by $428.0 million to $432.7 million in 2021 from $4.7 million in 2020. This change was primarily attributable to an increase in realized performance fees generated from Fund VIII of $395 million in 2021.
The increase in realized performance fees earned from Fund VIII in 2021 were the result of sales and income generated from investments primarily in the consumer services, natural resources, manufacturing and industrial, and financial services sectors, which reduced the previous netting hole to zero and resulted in recognition of the realized performance fees. Fund VIII had no realized performance fees during 2020.
Realized profit sharing expense increased by $205.8 million to $210.8 million in 2021 from $5.0 million in 2020, as a result of the corresponding increase in realized performance fees as described above as well as an increase in the profit sharing expense related to the Incentive Pool. In any period, the blended profit sharing percentage is impacted by the respective profit sharing ratios of the funds generating performance fees in the period. Included in realized profit sharing expense is $28.3
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million and $1.8 million of expenses related to the Incentive Pool for 2021 and 2020, respectively. The Incentive Pool is separate from the fund related profit sharing expense and may result in greater variability in compensation and have a variable impact on the blended profit sharing percentage during a particular period.
Realized principal investment income increased by $84.9 million to $88.8 million in 2021 from $3.9 million in 2020. This change was primarily attributable to an increase in realizations from Apollo’s equity ownership in Fund VIII and Fund IX of $68.9 million and $5.7 million, respectively.
Real Assets
The following table sets forth our segment statement of operations information and our supplemental performance measure, Segment Distributable Earnings, within our real assets segment.
For the Three Months Ended June 30,Total ChangePercentage ChangeFor the Six Months Ended June 30,Total ChangePercentage Change
2021202020212020
(in thousands)(in thousands)
Real Assets:
Management fees$65,823 $49,509 $16,314 33.0%$124,193 $98,380 $25,813 26.2%
Advisory and transaction fees, net1,431 3,191 (1,760)(55.2)2,465 4,313 (1,848)(42.8)
Fee Related Revenues67,254 52,700 14,554 27.6126,658 102,693 23,965 23.3
Salary, bonus and benefits(30,003)(28,991)(1,012)3.5(59,246)(53,524)(5,722)10.7
General, administrative and other(15,455)(12,782)(2,673)20.9(26,345)(23,768)(2,577)10.8
Fee Related Expenses(45,458)(41,773)(3,685)8.8(85,591)(77,292)(8,299)10.7
Other income (loss), net of Non-Controlling Interest(304)116 (420)NM(251)95 (346)NM
Fee Related Earnings21,492 11,043 10,449 94.640,816 25,496 15,320 60.1
Realized performance fees3,174 2,929 245 8.424,636 41,671 (17,035)(40.9)
Realized profit sharing expense(1,392)(2,929)1,537 (52.5)(13,604)(41,671)28,067 (67.4)
Net Realized Performance Fees1,782 — 1,782 NM11,032 — 11,032 NM
Realized principal investment income451 5 446 NM3,535 3,672 (137)(3.7)
Net interest loss and other(11,453)(5,507)(5,946)108.0(17,676)(9,853)(7,823)79.4
Segment Distributable Earnings$12,272 $5,541 $6,731 121.5%$37,707 $19,315 $18,392 95.2%
Three Months Ended June 30, 2021 Compared to Three Months Ended June 30, 2020
In this section, references to 2021 refer to the three months ended June 30, 2021 and references to 2020 refer to the three months ended June 30, 2020.
Management fees increased by $16.3 million to $65.8 million in 2021 from $49.5 million in 2020. This change was primarily attributable to an increase in management fees earned from Apollo Infrastructure Equity Fund II (“AIOF II”), Athene, Apollo U.S. Real Estate Fund III, L.P. (“U.S. RE Fund III”) and Athora of $5.4 million, $4.4 million, $2.5 million and $1.6 million, respectively.
Advisory and transaction fees, net decreased by $1.8 million to $1.4 million in 2021 from $3.2 million in 2020. Advisory and transaction fees in 2020 were primarily attributable to structuring fees earned from a company in the consumer and retail industry.
Salary, bonus and benefits expense increased by $1.0 million to $30.0 million in 2021 from $29.0 million in 2020 primarily due to an increase in headcount.
General, administrative and other expenses increased by $2.7 million to $15.5 million in 2021 from $12.8 million in 2020. This change was primarily driven by technology and other miscellaneous expenses in 2021.
Realized profit sharing expense decreased by $1.5 million to $1.4 million in 2021 from $2.9 million in 2020 as a result of the decrease in profit sharing expense related to the Incentive Pool. In any period, the blended profit sharing percentage is impacted by the respective profit sharing ratios of the funds generating performance fees in the period. Included in realized profit sharing expense is $1.8 million related to the Incentive Pool for 2020. There was no profit sharing expense related to the incentive pool for 2021. The Incentive Pool is separate from the fund related profit sharing expense and may result in greater variability in compensation and have a variable impact on the blended profit sharing percentage during a particular period.
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Net interest loss and other increased by $5.9 million to $11.5 million in 2021 from $5.5 million in 2020 primarily due to additional interest expense incurred as a result of the timing of issuances of debt arrangements, as described in note 10 to our condensed consolidated financial statements as well as a payment related to general partner obligations.
Six Months Ended June 30, 2021 Compared to Six Months Ended June 30, 2020
In this section, references to 2021 refer to the six months ended June 30, 2021 and references to 2020 refer to the six months ended June 30, 2020.
Management fees increased by $25.8 million to $124.2 million in 2021 from $98.4 million in 2020. This change was primarily attributable to an increase in management fees earned from AIOF II, Athene, U.S. RE Fund III and Athora of $8.6 million, $8.6 million, $4.2 million and $2.0 million, respectively.
Advisory and transaction fees, net decreased by $1.8 million to $2.5 million in 2021 from $4.3 million in 2020. Advisory and transaction fees in 2020 were primarily attributable to structuring fees earned from a company in the consumer and retail industry.
Salary, bonus and benefits expense increased by $5.7 million to $59.2 million in 2021 from $53.5 million in 2020 primarily due to an increase in headcount and bonus accruals.
Realized performance fees decreased by $17.0 million to $24.6 million in 2021 from $41.7 million in 2020. The lower realized performance fees generated in 2021 were primarily attributable to decreases in realized performance fees generated from EPF III and Apollo U.S. Real Estate Fund II, L.P. (“U.S. RE Fund II”) of $11.7 million and $3.6 million, respectively.
The realized performance fees from EPF III in 2021 were primarily a result of realizations from residential mortgage backed securities, commercial real estate and investments in a real estate investment trust. The realized performance fees from EPF III in 2020 were primarily attributable to the sale of investments in logistics assets.
The decrease in realized performance fees from U.S. RE Fund II were primarily attributable to realizations from investments in the leisure sector in 2020 while the fund had no realized performance fees in 2021.
Realized profit sharing expense decreased by $28.1 million to $13.6 million in 2021 from $41.7 million in 2020 as a result of the corresponding decrease in realized performance fees as described above, and a decrease in profit sharing expense related to the Incentive Pool. In any period, the blended profit sharing percentage is impacted by the respective profit sharing ratios of the funds generating performance fees in the period. Included in realized profit sharing expense is $2.0 million and $24.3 million related to the Incentive Pool for 2021 and 2020, respectively. The Incentive Pool is separate from the fund related profit sharing expense and may result in greater variability in compensation and have a variable impact on the blended profit sharing percentage during a particular period.
Net interest loss and other increased by $7.8 million to $17.7 million in 2021 from $9.9 million in 2020 primarily due to additional interest expense incurred as a result of the timing of issuances of debt arrangements, as described in note 10 to our condensed consolidated financial statements as well as a payment related to general partner obligations.
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Summary of Distributable Earnings
The following table is a reconciliation of Distributable Earnings per share of common and equivalent to net dividend per share of common and equivalent.
For the Three Months Ended June 30,For the Six Months Ended June 30,
2021202020212020
(in thousands, except per share data)
Segment Distributable Earnings$556,894 $235,414 $885,676 $431,919 
Taxes and related payables(46,175)(21,040)(71,961)(43,233)
Preferred dividends(9,164)(9,165)(18,328)(18,329)
Distributable Earnings501,555 205,209 795,387 370,357 
Add back: Tax and related payables attributable to common and equivalents40,255 17,776 60,574 37,020 
Distributable Earnings before certain payables(1)
541,810 222,985 855,961 407,377 
     Percent to common and equivalents54 %54 %54 %54 %
Distributable Earnings before other payables attributable to common and equivalents292,577 120,412 462,219 219,984 
Less: Taxes and related payables attributable to common and equivalents(40,255)(17,776)(60,574)(37,020)
Distributable Earnings attributable to common and equivalents(2)
$252,322 $102,636 $401,645 $182,964 
Distributable Earnings per share(3)
$1.14 $0.46 $1.80 $0.83 
(Retained) contributed capital per share(3)
(0.64)0.03 (0.80)0.08 
Net dividend per share(3)
$0.50 $0.49 $1.00 $0.91 
(1)Distributable Earnings before certain payables represents Distributable Earnings before the deduction for the estimated current corporate taxes and the amounts payable under Apollo’s tax receivable agreement.
(2)“Common and equivalents” consists of total Class A shares outstanding and RSUs that participate in dividends.
(3)Per share calculations are based on end of period Distributable Earnings Shares Outstanding, which consists of total Class A shares outstanding, AOG Units that participate in dividends and RSUs that participate in dividends.
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Summary of Non-U.S. GAAP Measures
The table below sets forth a reconciliation of net income attributable to Apollo Global Management, Inc. Class A Common Stockholders to our non-U.S. GAAP performance measures:
For the Three Months Ended June 30,For the Six Months Ended June 30,
2021202020212020
(in thousands)
Net Income (Loss) Attributable to Apollo Global Management, Inc. Class A Common Stockholders$648,563 $437,164 $1,318,289 $(568,218)
Preferred dividends9,164 9,165 18,328 18,329 
Net income (loss) attributable to Non-Controlling Interests in consolidated entities116,276 41,068 186,854 (123,341)
Net income (loss) attributable to Non-Controlling Interests in the Apollo Operating Group731,457 511,688 1,500,492 (611,528)
Net Income (Loss)$1,505,460 $999,085 $3,023,963 $(1,284,758)
Income tax provision (benefit)194,051 140,323 397,297 (155,530)
Income (Loss) Before Income Tax Provision (Benefit)$1,699,511 $1,139,408 $3,421,260 $(1,440,288)
Transaction-related charges(1)
31,572 32,110 51,666 10,711 
Charges associated with corporate conversion(2)
— — — 1,064 
(Gains) losses from change in tax receivable agreement liability— — (1,941)— 
Net (income) loss attributable to Non-Controlling Interests in consolidated entities(116,276)(41,068)(186,854)123,341 
Unrealized performance fees(279,750)(907,656)(1,570,249)892,525 
Unrealized profit sharing expense98,141 340,687 687,133 (340,496)
Equity-based profit sharing expense and other(3)
26,992 38,463 61,864 72,951 
Equity-based compensation19,491 17,747 35,649 31,817 
Unrealized principal investment (income) loss(8,620)(107,110)(372,393)94,460 
Unrealized net (gains) losses from investment activities and other(914,167)(277,167)(1,240,459)985,834 
Segment Distributable Earnings(4)
$556,894 $235,414 $885,676 $431,919 
Taxes and related payables(46,175)(21,040)(71,961)(43,233)
Preferred dividends(9,164)(9,165)(18,328)(18,329)
Distributable Earnings$501,555 $205,209 $795,387 $370,357 
Preferred dividends9,164 9,165 18,328 18,329 
Taxes and related payables46,175 21,040 71,961 43,233 
Realized performance fees(468,756)(10,837)(575,510)(76,583)
Realized profit sharing expense246,553 10,837 304,309 76,583 
Realized principal investment income, net(70,141)(5,219)(96,775)(10,802)
Net interest loss and other37,060 29,050 70,566 66,184 
Fee Related Earnings$301,610 $259,245 $588,266 $487,301 
Depreciation, amortization and other, net5,714 2,712 10,769 5,823 
Fee Related EBITDA$307,324 $261,957 $599,035 $493,124 
Realized performance fees468,756 10,837 575,510 76,583 
Realized profit sharing expense(246,553)(10,837)(304,309)(76,583)
Fee Related EBITDA + 100% of Net Realized Performance Fees$529,527 $261,957 $870,236 $493,124 

(1)Transaction-related charges include contingent consideration, equity-based compensation charges and the amortization of intangible assets and certain other charges associated with acquisitions, and restructuring charges.
(2)Represents expenses incurred in relation to the conversion to a corporation.
(3)Equity-based profit sharing expense and other includes certain profit sharing arrangements in which a portion of performance fees distributed to the general partner are allocated by issuance of equity-based awards, rather than cash, to employees of Apollo. Equity-
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based profit sharing expense and other also includes non-cash expenses related to equity awards in unconsolidated related parties granted to employees of Apollo.
(4)See note 16 to the condensed consolidated financial statements for more details regarding Segment Distributable Earnings for the combined segments.
The table below sets forth a reconciliation of Class A shares outstanding to our Distributable Earnings Shares Outstanding:
As of
June 30, 2021		As of
June 30, 2020		As of
December 31, 2020
Total Class A shares outstanding231,366,321 229,189,715 228,873,449 
Non-GAAP Adjustments:
Participating Apollo Operating Group Units201,208,132 204,028,327 204,028,327 
Vested RSUs359,592 195,499 1,833,332 
Unvested RSUs Eligible for Dividend Equivalents7,858,538 8,128,861 6,275,957 
Distributable Earnings Shares Outstanding440,792,583 441,542,402 441,011,065 
Liquidity and Capital Resources
Overview
Apollo’s business model primarily derives revenues and cash flows from the assets it manages. Based on management’s experience, we believe that the Company’s current liquidity position, together with the cash generated from revenues will be sufficient to meet the Company’s anticipated expenses and other working capital needs for at least the next 12 months. Apollo targets operating expense levels such that fee income exceeds total operating expenses each period. The Company requires limited capital resources to support the working capital or operating needs of the business. For Apollo’s longer-term liquidity needs, we expect to continue to fund the Company’s operations through management fees and performance fees received. Liquidity needs are also met (to a limited extent) through proceeds from borrowings and equity issuances as described in notes 10 and 13 to the condensed consolidated financial statements, respectively. From time to time, if the Company determines that market conditions are favorable after taking into account our liquidity requirements, we may seek to raise proceeds through the issuance of additional debt or equity instruments.
At June 30, 2021, the Company had $1.8 billion of unrestricted cash and cash equivalents and $750 million of available funds from the AMH Credit Facility.
Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, there has been volatility in the financial markets. While the Company is not aware of any events that would result in an immediate impact to our liquidity needs, we continue to monitor developments on the global spread of COVID-19 as additional information is obtained.
Primary Sources and Uses of Cash
Over the next 12 months, we expect the Company’s primary liquidity needs will be to:
•pay the Company’s operating expenses, including, compensation, general, administrative, and other expense;
•pay interest and principal on the Company’s financing arrangements;
•pay cash dividends in accordance with the Company’s dividend policy;
•make payments under the tax receivable agreement;
•repurchase Class A shares;
•pay taxes and tax related payments;
•make payments related to the mandatory exchange; and
•support the future growth of Apollo’s businesses through strategic corporate investments.
Over the long term, we believe we will be able to grow Apollo’s Assets Under Management and generate positive investment performance in our funds, which we expect will allow us to grow the Company’s management fees and performance fees in amounts sufficient to cover our long-term liquidity requirements, which may include:
•supporting the future growth of Apollo’s businesses;
•creating new or enhancing existing products and investment platforms;
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•pursuing new strategic corporate investment opportunities;
•paying interest and repaying outstanding short-term and long-term borrowings;
•repurchasing Class A shares;
•making payments under the tax receivable agreement;
•making payments related to the mandatory exchange; and
•paying dividends (in accordance with the Company’s dividend policy).
Cash Flow Analysis
The section below discusses in more detail the Company’s primary sources and uses of cash and the primary drivers of cash flows within the Company’s condensed consolidated statements of cash flows:
 For the Six Months Ended June 30,
 20212020
 (in thousands)
Operating Activities$1,093,164 $937,374 
Investing Activities771,836 (774,930)
Financing Activities(176,181)(90,791)
Net Increase (Decrease) in Cash and Cash Equivalents, Restricted Cash and Cash Held at Consolidated Variable Interest Entities$1,688,819 $71,653 
The assets of our consolidated funds and VIEs, on a gross basis, can be substantially larger than the assets of our core business and, accordingly, could have substantial effect on the accompanying statement of cash flows. Because our consolidated funds and VIEs are treated as investment companies for accounting purposes, their investing cash flow amounts are included in our cash flows from operations. The table below summarizes our condensed consolidated statements of cash flow by activity attributable to the Company and to our consolidated funds and VIEs.
 For the Six Months Ended
June 30,
 20212020
 (in thousands)
Net cash provided by the Company’s operating activities$1,121,970 $573,264 
Net cash provided by (used in) the Consolidated Funds and VIEs operating activities(28,806)364,110 
Net cash provided by operating activities1,093,164 937,374 
Net cash used in the Company’s investing activities (60,183)(807,924)
Net cash provided by the Consolidated Funds & VIEs investing activities832,019 32,994 
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities771,836 (774,930)
Net cash used in the Company’s financing activities(793,631)(320,118)
Net cash provided by the Consolidated Funds and VIEs financing activities617,450 229,327 
Net cash used in financing activities$(176,181)$(90,791)
Operating Activities
The Company’s operating activities support its investment management activities. The primary sources of cash within the operating activities section include: (a) management fees, (b) advisory and transaction fees, (c) realized performance revenues, (d) realized principal investment income, and (e) investment sales from our consolidated funds and VIEs. The primary uses of cash within the operating activities section include: (a) compensation and non-compensation related expenses, (b) placement fees, (c) interest and taxes, and (d) investment purchases from our consolidated funds and VIEs.
•During the six months ended June 30, 2021 and 2020, cash provided by operating activities primarily includes cash inflows from the receipt of management fees, advisory and transaction fees, realized performance revenues, and realized principal investment income, offset by cash outflows for compensation, general, administrative, and other expenses. Net cash provided by operating activities also reflects the operating activity of our consolidated funds and VIEs, which primarily include cash inflows from consolidated funds and from sale of investments offset by cash outflows for purchases of investments.
Investing Activities
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The Company’s investing activities support growth of its business. The primary sources of cash within the investing activities section include distributions from investments. The primary uses of cash within the investing activities section include: (a) capital expenditures, (b) investment purchases, including purchases of U.S. Treasury securities, and (c) equity method investments in the funds we manage.
•During the six months ended June 30, 2021, cash provided by investing activities primarily reflects the investing activity of our consolidated funds and VIEs, which primarily reflects net proceeds from maturities of U.S. Treasury securities.
•During the six months ended June 30, 2020, cash used by investing activities primarily reflects purchases of U.S. Treasury securities and other investments and net contributions to equity method investments, offset partially by proceeds from maturities of U.S. Treasury securities.
Financing Activities
The Company’s financing activities reflect its capital market transactions and transactions with owners. The primary sources of cash within the financing activities section includes proceeds from debt and preferred equity issuances. The primary uses of cash within the financing activities section include: (a) dividends, (b) payments under the tax receivable agreement, (c) share repurchases, (d) cash paid to settle tax withholding obligations in connection with net share settlements of equity-based awards, and (e) repayments of debt.
•During the six months ended June 30, 2021, cash used in financing activities primarily reflects dividends to Class A shareholders, distributions to Non-Controlling interest holders, and repurchases of Class A shares. Net cash used in financing activities also reflects the financing activity of our consolidated funds and VIEs, which primarily include cash inflows from the issuance of debt, net contributions from Non-Controlling interest in consolidated entities, proceeds from issuance of securities of a SPAC, partially offset by payment of underwriting discounts and cash outflows for the principal repayment of debt.
•During the six months ended June 30, 2020, cash used in financing activities primarily reflects dividends to Class A shareholders, distributions to Non-Controlling interest holders, and repurchases of Class A shares, partially offset by proceeds from the issuance of the 2030 Senior Notes. Net cash used in financing activities also reflects the financing activity of our consolidated funds and VIEs, which primarily include cash inflows from the issuance of debt offset by cash outflows for the principal repayment of debt.
Future Debt Obligations
The Company had long-term debt of $3.2 billion at June 30, 2021, which includes $3.1 billion of notes with maturities in 2024, 2026, 2029, 2030, 2039, 2048 and 2050. See note 10 to the condensed consolidated financial statements for further information regarding the Company’s debt arrangements.
Contractual Obligations, Commitments and Contingencies
The Company had unfunded general partner commitments of $1.0 billion at June 30, 2021, of which $253.7 million related to Fund IX. For a summary and a description of the nature of the Company’s commitments, contingencies and contractual obligations, see note 15 to the condensed consolidated financial statements and “—Contractual Obligations, Commitments and Contingencies”. The Company’s commitments are primarily fulfilled through cash flows from operations and (to a limited extent) through borrowings and equity issuances as described in notes 10 and 13 to the condensed consolidated financial statements, respectively.
Consolidated Funds and VIEs
The Company manages its liquidity needs by evaluating unconsolidated cash flows; however, the Company’s financial statements reflect the financial position of Apollo as well as Apollo’s consolidated funds (including SPACs) and VIEs. The primary sources and uses of cash at Apollo’s consolidated funds and VIEs include: (a) raising capital from their investors, which have been reflected historically as Non-Controlling Interests of the consolidated subsidiaries in our financial statements, (b) using capital to make investments, (c) generating cash flows from operations through distributions, interest and the realization of investments, (d) distributing cash flow to investors, (e) issuing debt to finance investments (CLOs) and (f) raising capital through SPAC vehicles for future acquisition of targeted entities.
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Other Liquidity and Capital Resource Considerations
Future Cash Flows
Our ability to execute our business strategy, particularly our ability to increase our AUM, depends on our ability to establish new funds and to raise additional investor capital within such funds. Our liquidity will depend on a number of factors, such as our ability to project our financial performance, which is highly dependent on our funds and our ability to manage our projected costs, fund performance, access to credit facilities, compliance with existing credit agreements, as well as industry and market trends. Also during economic downturns the funds we manage might experience cash flow issues or liquidate entirely. In these situations we might be asked to reduce or eliminate the management fee and performance fees we charge, which could adversely impact our cash flow in the future.
An increase in the fair value of our funds’ investments, by contrast, could favorably impact our liquidity through higher management fees where the management fees are calculated based on the net asset value, gross assets or adjusted assets. Additionally, higher performance fees not yet realized would generally result when investments appreciate over their cost basis which would not have an impact on the Company’s cash flow until realized.
Income Taxes
Effective September 5, 2019, Apollo Global Management, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company, converted to a Delaware corporation named Apollo Global Management, Inc. Subsequent to the conversion, generally all of the income it earns is subject to U.S. corporate income taxes.
Consideration of Financing Arrangements
As noted above, in limited circumstances, the Company may issue debt or equity to supplement its liquidity. The decision to enter into a particular financing arrangement is made after careful consideration of various factors including the Company’s cash flows from operations, future cash needs, current sources of liquidity, demand for the Company’s debt or equity, and prevailing interest rates.
Revolver Facility
Under the Company’s AMH Credit Facility, the Company may borrow in an aggregate amount not to exceed $750 million and may incur incremental facilities in an aggregate amount not to exceed $250 million plus additional amounts so long as the Borrower is in compliance with a net leverage ratio not to exceed 4.00 to 1.00. Borrowings under the AMH Credit Facility may be used for working capital and general corporate purposes, including without limitation, permitted acquisitions. The AMH Credit Facility has a final maturity date of November 23, 2025. The AMH Credit Facility refinanced the 2018 AMH Credit Facility at substantially the same terms. The 2018 AMH Credit Facility and all related loan documents were terminated as of November 23, 2020.
Dividends and Distributions
For information regarding the quarterly dividends and distributions to Class A shareholders, Non-Controlling Interest holders in the Apollo Operating Group and participating securities, see note 13 to the condensed consolidated financial statements.
Although the Company expects to pay dividends according to our dividend policy, we may not pay dividends according to our policy, or at all, if, among other things, we do not have the cash necessary to pay the intended dividends. To the extent we do not have cash on hand sufficient to pay dividends, we may have to borrow funds to pay dividends, or we may determine not to pay dividends. The declaration, payment and determination of the amount of our quarterly dividends are at the sole discretion of the executive committee of our board of directors.
Our current intention is to distribute to our Class A shareholders on a quarterly basis substantially all of our Distributable Earnings after taxes and related payables, in excess of amounts determined by the executive committee of our board of directors to be necessary or appropriate to provide for the conduct of our business and, at a minimum, a quarterly dividend of $0.40 per share. Following the completion of the Company’s proposed merger with AHL, we intend to distribute an annual dividend of $1.60 per share, with increases based on growth of the business, as determined by the board of directors.
On August 4, 2021, the Company declared a cash dividend of $0.50 per Class A share, which will be paid on August 31, 2021 to holders of record at the close of business on August 19, 2021. Also, the Company declared a cash dividend
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of $0.398438 per share of Series A Preferred share and Series B Preferred share which will be paid on September 15, 2021 to holders of record at the close of business on September 1, 2021.
Tax Receivable Agreement
The tax receivable agreement provides for the payment to the Co-Founders and Contributing Partners of 85% of the amount of cash savings, if any, in U.S. federal, state, local and foreign income taxes that AGM Inc. and its subsidiaries realizes subject to the agreement. For more information regarding the tax receivable agreement, see note 14 to the condensed consolidated financial statements.
AOG Unit Payment
Pursuant to the binding governance term sheet the Company entered into with the Co-Founders, all AOG Units beneficially owned by each holder of AOG Units (other than those held by the Company and Athene) will be transferred to NewCo and one or more of its affiliates in a series of transactions in exchange for (i) such number of shares of Class A common stock of NewCo equal to the aggregate number of Outstanding AOG Units and (ii) an aggregate amount in cash equal to the product of (a) number of Outstanding AOG Units multiplied by (b) $3.66, payable over a period of four years in equal quarterly installments; provided, however, that in the event that the Company consummates the transactions contemplated by the Merger Agreement simultaneously with the mandatory exchange, the AOG Unit Payment will be payable over the period between the date on which the transactions contemplated by the Merger Agreement are consummated and the third anniversary of the Mandatory Exchange Date in equal quarterly installments. For more information, see “—General”.
Share Repurchases
For information regarding the Company’s share repurchase program, see note 13 to the condensed consolidated financial statements.
Athora
On April 14, 2017, Apollo made a commitment of €125 million to purchase new Class B-1 equity interests in Athora, a strategic platform that acquires and reinsures traditional closed life insurance policies and provides capital and reinsurance solutions to insurers in Europe which, as of April 2020 was fully drawn. In January 2018, Apollo purchased Class C-1 equity interests in Athora that represent a profits interest in Athora which, upon meeting certain vesting triggers, will be convertible by Apollo into additional Class B-1 equity interests in Athora.
As part of an ongoing capital raise in connection with Athora’s acquisition of VIVAT N.V., Apollo exercised its preemptive rights and made an additional incremental commitment of approximately €58 million to purchase new Class B-1 equity interests in Athora. In addition, in April 2020, Apollo purchased Class C-2 equity interests in Athora that represent a profits interest in Athora which, upon meeting certain vesting triggers, will be convertible by Apollo into additional Class B-1 equity interests in Athora.
Apollo and Athene are minority investors in Athora with a long term strategic relationship. Through its share ownership, Apollo has approximately 19% of the total voting power in Athora, and Athene holds shares in Athora representing 10% of the total voting power in Athora. In addition, Athora shares held by funds and other accounts managed by Apollo represent, in the aggregate, approximately 16% of the total voting power in Athora.
For more information regarding unfunded general partner commitments, see “—Contractual Obligations, Commitments and Contingencies”.
Fund VIII, Fund VII, Fund VI, ANRP I and ANRP II Escrow
As of June 30, 2021, the remaining investments and escrow cash of Fund VII was valued at 91% of the fund’s unreturned capital, respectively, which was below the required escrow ratio of 115%. As a result, Fund VII is required to place in escrow current and future performance fee distributions to the general partner until the specified return ratio of 115% is met (at the time of a future distribution) or upon liquidation. Realized performance fees currently distributed to the general partner are limited to potential tax distributions and interest on escrow balances per these funds’ partnership agreements.
Clawback
Performance fees from our private equity funds and certain credit and real assets funds are subject to contingent repayment by the general partner in the event of future losses to the extent that the cumulative performance fees distributed
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from inception to date exceeds the amount computed as due to the general partner at the final distribution. See “—Overview of Results of Operations—Performance Fees” for the maximum performance fees subject to potential reversal by each fund.
Indemnification Liability
The Company recorded an indemnification liability in the event that the Co-Founders, Contributing Partners and certain investment professionals are required to pay amounts in connection with a general partner obligation to return previously distributed performance fees. See note 14 to the condensed consolidated financial statements for further information regarding the Company’s indemnification liability.
Investment Management Agreements - ISG
The Company provides asset management and advisory services to Athene as described in note 14 to the condensed consolidated financial statements.
The base management fee covers a range of investment services that Athene receives from the Company, including investment management, asset allocation, mergers and acquisition asset diligence and certain operational support services such as investment compliance, tax, legal and risk management support, among others. Additionally, the amended fee agreement provides for a possible payment by the Company to Athene, or a possible payment by Athene to the Company, equal to 0.025% of the Incremental Value as of the end of each year, beginning on December 31, 2019, depending upon the percentage of Athene’s investments that consist of core assets and core plus assets. In furtherance of yield support for Athene, if more than 60% of Athene’s invested assets which are subject to the sub-allocation fees are invested in core and core plus assets, Athene will receive a 0.025% fee reduction on the Incremental Value. As an incentive for differentiated asset management, if less than 50% of Athene’s invested assets which are subject to the sub-allocation fee are invested in core and core plus assets, thereby reflecting a higher allocation toward assets with the highest alpha-generating abilities, Athene will pay an additional fee of 0.025% on Incremental Value.
The amended fee agreement is intended to provide for further alignment of interests between Athene and the Company. On the Backbook Value, assuming constant portfolio allocations, the near-term impact of the amended fee agreement is anticipated to be immaterial. On the Incremental Value, assuming the same allocations as the Backbook Value, total fees paid by Athene to the Company are expected to be marginally lower than fees paid by Athene to the Company would have been under the prior fee arrangement. If invested asset allocations are more heavily weighted to assets with lower alpha-generating abilities than Athene’s current investment portfolio, the fees that Athene pays to the Company under the amended fee agreement would be expected to decline relative to the prior fee arrangement. Conversely, if a greater proportion of Athene’s investment portfolio is allocated to differentiated assets with higher alpha-generating abilities, Athene’s net investment earned rates would be expected to increase, and so would the fees Athene pays to the Company relative to the prior fee arrangement.
Strategic Transaction with Athene Holding
On October 27, 2019 Athene Holding, AGM Inc. and the entities that form the Apollo Operating Group entered into the Transaction Agreement. Pursuant to the Transaction Agreement, Athene Holding issued on February 28, 2020, 35,534,942 AHL Class A Common Shares to certain subsidiaries of the Apollo Operating Group in exchange for (i) issuance by the Apollo Operating Group of 29,154,519 non-voting equity interests of the Apollo Operating Group to Athene Holding and (ii) $350 million in cash. See note 14 to the condensed consolidated financial statements for further information regarding the Transaction Agreement with Athene Holding.
Termination Fee with Athene Holding
See note 14 to the condensed consolidated financial statements for further information regarding the termination fee that could be payable by AGM Inc. upon termination of the Merger Agreement with Athene Holding.
Equity-Based Profit Sharing Expense
Profit sharing amounts are generally not paid until the related performance fees are distributed to the general partner upon realization of the fund’s investments. Under certain profit sharing arrangements, a portion of the performance fees distributed to the general partner is allocated by issuance of equity-based awards, rather than cash, to employees. See note 2 to the condensed consolidated financial statements for further information regarding the accounting for the Company’s profit sharing arrangements.
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Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements
In the normal course of business, we engage in off-balance sheet arrangements, including transactions in derivatives, guarantees, commitments, indemnifications and potential contingent repayment obligations. See note 15 to our condensed consolidated financial statements for a discussion of guarantees and contingent obligations.
Critical Accounting Policies
This Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations is based upon the condensed consolidated financial statements, which have been prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP. The preparation of financial statements in accordance with U.S. GAAP requires the use of estimates and assumptions that could affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses. Actual results could differ from these estimates. A summary of our significant accounting policies is presented in note 2 to our condensed consolidated financial statements. The following is a summary of our accounting policies that are affected most by judgments, estimates and assumptions.
The COVID-19 pandemic has created disruption and uncertainty in the global economy and financial markets. Although we cannot predict with certainty the full magnitude of the economic ramifications, we have accounted for pandemic-related circumstances when applying judgments and assumptions and updated our estimates accordingly when and as applicable.
Consolidation
The Company assesses all entities with which it is involved for consolidation on a case by case basis depending on the specific facts and circumstances surrounding each entity. Pursuant to the consolidation guidance, the Company first evaluates whether it holds a variable interest in an entity. Apollo factors in all economic interests including proportionate interests through related parties, to determine if such interests are to be considered a variable interest. As Apollo’s interest in many of these entities is solely through market rate fees and/or insignificant indirect interests through related parties, Apollo is generally not considered to have a variable interest in many of these entities under the guidance and no further consolidation analysis is performed. For entities where the Company has determined that it does hold a variable interest, the Company performs an assessment to determine whether each of those entities qualify as a VIE.
The determination as to whether an entity qualifies as a VIE depends on the facts and circumstances surrounding each entity and therefore certain of Apollo’s funds may qualify as VIEs under the variable interest model whereas others may qualify as voting interest entities (“VOEs”) under the voting interest model. The granting of substantive kick-out rights is a key consideration in determining whether a limited partnership or similar entity is a VIE and whether or not that entity should be consolidated.
Under the voting interest model, Apollo consolidates those entities it controls through a majority voting interest. Apollo does not consolidate those VOEs in which substantive kick-out rights have been granted to the unaffiliated investors to either dissolve the fund or remove the general partner.
 Under the variable interest model, Apollo consolidates those entities where it is determined that the Company is the primary beneficiary of the entity.
The assessment of whether an entity is a VIE and the determination of whether Apollo should consolidate such VIE requires judgment by our management. Those judgments include, but are not limited to: (i) determining whether the total equity investment at risk is sufficient to permit the entity to finance its activities without additional subordinated financial support, (ii) evaluating whether the holders of equity investment at risk, as a group, can make decisions that have a significant effect on the success of the entity, (iii) determining whether the equity investors have proportionate voting rights to their obligations to absorb losses or rights to receive the expected residual returns from an entity and (iv) evaluating the nature of the relationship and activities of those related parties with shared power or under common control for purposes of determining which party within the related-party group is most closely associated with the VIE. Judgments are also made in determining whether a member in the equity group has a controlling financial interest including power to direct activities that most significantly impact the VIE’s economic performance and rights to receive benefits or obligations to absorb losses that could be potentially significant to the VIE. This analysis considers all relevant economic interests including proportionate interests held through related parties.
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Revenue Recognition
Performance Fees. We earn performance fees from our funds as a result of such funds achieving specified performance criteria. Such performance fees generally are earned based upon a fixed percentage of realized and unrealized gains of various funds after meeting any applicable hurdle rate or threshold minimum.
Performance allocations are performance fees that are generally structured from a legal standpoint as an allocation of capital to the Company. Performance allocations from certain of the funds that we manage are subject to contingent repayment and are generally paid to us as particular investments made by the funds are realized. If, however, upon liquidation of a fund, the aggregate amount paid to us as performance fees exceeds the amount actually due to us based upon the aggregate performance of the fund, the excess (in certain cases net of taxes) is required to be returned by us to that fund. We account for performance allocations as an equity method investment, and accordingly, we accrue performance allocations quarterly based on fair value of the underlying investments and separately assess if contingent repayment is necessary. The determination of performance allocations and contingent repayment considers both the terms of the respective partnership agreements and the current fair value of the underlying investments within the funds. Estimates and assumptions are made when determining the fair value of the underlying investments within the funds and could vary depending on the valuation methodology that is used. See “Investments, at Fair Value” below for further discussion related to significant estimates and assumptions used for determining fair value of the underlying investments in our credit, private equity and real assets funds.
Incentive fees are performance fees structured as a contractual fee arrangement rather than a capital allocation. Incentive fees are generally received from the management of CLOs, managed accounts and AINV. For a majority of our incentive fees, once the quarterly or annual incentive fees have been determined, there is no look-back to prior periods for a potential contingent repayment, however, certain other incentive fees can be subject to contingent repayment at the end of the life of the entity. In accordance with the revenue recognition standard, certain incentive fees are considered a form of variable consideration and therefore are deferred until fees are probable to not be significantly reversed. There is significant judgment involved in determining if the incentive fees are probable to not be significantly reversed, but generally the Company will defer the revenue until the fees are crystallized or are no longer subject to clawback or reversal.
Management Fees. Management fees related to our credit funds, can be based on net asset value, gross assets, adjusted cost of all unrealized portfolio investments, capital commitments, adjusted assets, capital contributions, or stockholders’ equity all as defined in the respective partnership agreements. The credit management fee calculations that consider net asset value, gross assets, adjusted cost of all unrealized portfolio investments and adjusted assets are normally based on the terms of the respective partnership agreements and the current fair value of the underlying investments within the funds. Estimates and assumptions are made when determining the fair value of the underlying investments within the funds and could vary depending on the valuation methodology that is used. The management fees related to our private equity funds, by contrast, are generally based on a fixed percentage of the committed capital or invested capital. The corresponding fee calculations that consider committed capital or invested capital are both objective in nature and therefore do not require the use of significant estimates or assumptions. The management fees related to our real assets funds are generally based on a specific percentage of the funds’ stockholders’ equity or committed or net invested capital or the capital accounts of the limited partners. See “Investments, at Fair Value” below for further discussion related to significant estimates and assumptions used for determining fair value of the underlying investments in our credit, private equity and real assets funds.
Investments, at Fair Value
On a quarterly basis, Apollo utilizes valuation committees consisting of members from senior management, to review and approve the valuation results related to the investments of the funds it manages. For certain publicly traded vehicles managed by Apollo, a review is performed by an independent board of directors. The Company also retains external valuation firms to provide third-party valuation consulting services to Apollo, which consist of certain limited procedures that management identifies and requests them to perform. The limited procedures provided by the external valuation firms assist management with validating their valuation results or determining fair value. The Company performs various back-testing procedures to validate their valuation approaches, including comparisons between expected and observed outcomes, forecast evaluations and variance analyses. However, because of the inherent uncertainty of valuation, the estimated values may differ significantly from the values that would have been used had a ready market for the investments existed, and the differences could be material.
The fair values of the investments in our funds can be impacted by changes to the assumptions used in the underlying valuation models. For further discussion on the impact of changes to valuation assumptions see “Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk—Sensitivity” in the 2020 Annual Report. There have been no material changes to the valuation approaches utilized during the periods that our financial results are presented in this report.
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Fair Value of Financial Instruments
Except for the Company’s debt obligations (each as defined in note 10 to our condensed consolidated financial statements), Apollo’s financial instruments are recorded at fair value or at amounts whose carrying values approximate fair value. See “—Investments, at Fair Value” above. While Apollo’s valuations of portfolio investments are based on assumptions that Apollo believes are reasonable under the circumstances, the actual realized gains or losses will depend on, among other factors, future operating results, the value of the assets and market conditions at the time of disposition, any related transaction costs and the timing and manner of sale, all of which may ultimately differ significantly from the assumptions on which the valuations were based. Financial instruments’ carrying values generally approximate fair value because of the short-term nature of those instruments or variable interest rates related to the borrowings.
Profit Sharing Expense. Profit sharing expense is primarily a result of agreements with our Contributing Partners and employees to compensate them based on the ownership interest they have in the general partners of the Apollo funds. Therefore, changes in the fair value of the underlying investments in the funds we manage and advise affect profit sharing expense. The Contributing Partners and employees are allocated approximately 30% to 56%, of the total performance fees which is driven primarily by changes in fair value of the underlying fund’s investments and is treated as compensation expense. Additionally, profit sharing expenses paid may be subject to clawback from employees, former employees and Contributing Partners to the extent not indemnified. When applicable, the accrual for potential clawback of previously distributed profit sharing amounts, which is a component of due from related parties on the condensed consolidated statements of financial condition, represents all amounts previously distributed to employees, former employees and Contributing Partners that would need to be returned to the general partner if the Apollo funds were to be liquidated based on the current fair value of the underlying funds’ investments as of the reporting date. The actual general partner receivable, however, would not become realized until the end of a fund’s life.
Several of the Company’s employee remuneration programs are dependent upon performance fee realizations, including the Incentive Pool, and dedicated performance fee rights and certain RSU awards for which vesting is contingent, in part, on the realization of performance fees in a specified period. The Company established these programs to attract and retain, and provide incentive to, partners and employees of the Company and to more closely align the overall compensation of partners and employees with the overall realized performance of the Company. Dedicated performance fee rights entitle their holders to payments arising from performance fee realizations. The Incentive Pool enables certain partners and employees to earn discretionary compensation based on realized performance fees in a given year, which amounts are reflected in profit sharing expense in the Company’s condensed consolidated financial statements.  Amounts earned by participants as a result of their performance fee rights (whether dedicated or Incentive Pool) will vary year-to-year depending on the overall realized performance of the Company (and, in the case of the Incentive Pool, on their individual performance). There is no assurance that the Company will continue to compensate individuals through the same types of arrangements in the future and there may be periods when the Company determines that allocations of realized performance fees are not sufficient to compensate individuals, which may result in an increase in salary, bonus and benefits, the modification of existing programs or the use of new remuneration programs.  Reductions in performance fee revenues could also make it harder to retain employees and cause employees to seek other employment opportunities.
Fair Value Option. Apollo has elected the fair value option for the Company’s investment in Athene Holding, the assets and liabilities of certain of its consolidated VIEs (including CLOs), the Company’s U.S. Treasury securities with original maturities greater than three months when purchased and certain of the Company’s other investments. Such election is irrevocable and is applied to financial instruments on an individual basis at initial recognition. See notes 3, 5, and 6 to the condensed consolidated financial statements for further disclosure.
Equity-Based Compensation. Equity-based compensation is accounted for in accordance with U.S. GAAP, which requires that the cost of employee services received in exchange for an award is generally measured based on the grant date fair value of the award. Equity-based awards that do not require future service (i.e., vested awards) are expensed immediately. Equity-based employee awards that require future service are recognized over the relevant service period. In addition, certain RSUs granted by the Company vest subject to continued employment and the Company’s receipt of performance fees, within prescribed periods, sufficient to cover the associated equity-based compensation expense. In accordance with U.S. GAAP, equity-based compensation expense for such awards, if and when granted, will be recognized on an accelerated recognition method over the requisite service period to the extent the performance fee metrics are met or deemed probable. The addition of these performance measures helps to promote the interests of our Class A shareholders and fund investors by making RSU vesting contingent on the realization and distribution of profits on our funds. Forfeitures of equity-based awards are accounted for when they occur. Apollo’s equity-based awards consist of, or provide rights with respect to, AOG Units, RSUs, share options, restricted shares, AHL Awards and other equity-based compensation awards. For more information regarding Apollo’s
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equity-based compensation awards, see note 12 to our condensed consolidated financial statements. The Company’s assumptions made to determine the fair value on grant date are embodied in the calculations of compensation expense.
A significant part of our compensation expense is derived from amortization of RSUs. The fair value of all RSU grants after March 29, 2011 is based on the grant date fair value, which considers the public share price of the Company. The Company has three types of RSU grants, which we refer to as Plan Grants, Bonus Grants, and Performance Grants. Plan Grants may or may not provide the right to receive dividend equivalents until the RSUs vest and, for grants made after 2011, the underlying shares are generally issued by March 15th after the year in which they vest. For Plan Grants, the grant date fair value is based on the public share price of the Company, and is discounted for transfer restrictions and lack of dividends until vested if applicable. Bonus Grants provide the right to receive dividend equivalents on both vested and unvested RSUs and Performance Grants provide the right to receive dividend equivalents on vested RSUs and may also provide the right to receive dividend equivalents on unvested RSUs. Both Bonus Grants and Performance Grants are generally issued by March 15th of the year following the year in which they vest. For Bonus Grants and Performance Grants, the grant date fair value for the periods presented is based on the public share price of the Company, and is discounted for transfer restrictions.
We utilized the present value of a growing annuity formula to calculate a discount for the lack of pre-vesting dividends on certain Plan Grant and Performance Grant RSUs.
We utilize the Finnerty Model to calculate a marketability discount on the Plan Grant, Bonus Grant and Performance Grant RSUs to account for the lag between vesting and issuance. The Finnerty Model provides for a valuation discount reflecting the holding period restriction embedded in a restricted security preventing its sale over a certain period of time.
The Finnerty Model proposes to estimate a discount for lack of marketability such as transfer restrictions by using an option pricing theory. This model has gained recognition through its ability to address the magnitude of the discount by considering the volatility of a company’s stock price and the length of restriction. The concept underpinning the Finnerty Model is that a restricted security cannot be sold over a certain period of time. Further simplified, a restricted share of equity in a company can be viewed as having forfeited a put on the average price of the marketable equity over the restriction period (also known as an “Asian Put Option”). If we price an Asian Put Option and compare this value to that of the assumed fully marketable underlying security, we can effectively estimate the marketability discount. The inputs utilized in the Finnerty Model are (i) length of holding period, (ii) volatility and (iii) dividend yield.
Income Taxes
Effective September 5, 2019, Apollo Global Management, LLC converted from a Delaware limited liability company to a Delaware corporation named Apollo Global Management, Inc. Subsequent to the conversion, generally all of the income it earns from the Apollo Operating Group (“AOG”) entities is subject to U.S. corporate income taxes. Certain of the AOG entities operate as partnerships for U.S. income tax purposes and are subject to New York City unincorporated business taxes (“NYC UBT”). Certain non-U.S. entities are also subject to non-U.S. corporate income taxes.
Significant judgment is required in determining tax expense and in evaluating tax positions, including evaluating uncertainties. The Company recognizes the tax benefit of uncertain tax positions only where the position is “more likely than not” to be sustained upon examination, including resolution of any related appeals or litigation processes, based on the technical merits of the position. The tax benefit is measured as the largest amount of benefit that has a greater than 50% likelihood of being realized upon ultimate settlement. If a tax position is not considered more likely than not to be sustained, then no benefits of the position are recognized. The Company’s tax positions are reviewed and evaluated quarterly to determine whether the Company has uncertain tax positions that require financial statement recognition.
Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the expected future tax consequences of differences between the carrying amount of assets and liabilities and their respective tax basis using currently enacted tax rates. The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates is recognized in income in the period during which the change is enacted. Deferred tax assets are reduced by a valuation allowance when it is more likely than not that all or a portion of the deferred tax assets will not be realized.
Fair Value Measurements
See note 6 to our condensed consolidated financial statements for a discussion of the Company’s fair value measurements.
As discussed in Note 6 to the condensed consolidated financial statements, Apollo utilizes valuation committees consisting of members from senior management, to review and approve the valuation results related to the investments of the
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funds it manages. For certain publicly traded vehicles managed by the Company, a review is performed by an independent board of directors. The Company also retains external valuation firms to provide third-party valuation consulting services to Apollo, which consist of certain limited procedures that management identifies and requests them to perform. Please refer to Note 6 of this report for more details on valuation techniques employed by Apollo to determine fair value of its investments in credit, private equity and real assets investments.
    Credit Investments
The majority of investments in Apollo’s credit funds are valued based on quoted market prices. Quoted market prices are considered to be indicative of fair value, incorporating all the risks and uncertainties associated with the underlying instrument in the prevailing market environment. Apollo’s valuation team further analyzes how prices have moved over the measurement period within each asset class and sector and compared it with the relevant benchmark indices.
Debt and equity securities that are not publicly traded or whose market prices are not readily available are valued at fair value utilizing a model-based approach to determine fair value. Apollo’s privately valued credit portfolio is concentrated in bank loans to middle-market companies, loans backed by commercial real estate, aviation and other asset backed loans, and life settlements. Valuation approaches used to estimate the fair value of illiquid credit investments may also include the market approach and the income approach. Most private debt instruments are valued utilizing discounted cash flow models where the key valuation drivers are market yield/credit spread, timing of cash flows and recovery of principal amount. Some of the considerations incorporated in determining the key valuation inputs in our model-based valuation approaches include but are not limited to:
•relative liquidity and change in liquidity profile of an asset class compared to underlying assets in an observable benchmark;
•specific contractual terms such as LIBOR floor, covenants or extension features;
•portfolio company specific business strength or weakness as it relates to COVID-19;
•portfolio company’s liquidity profile;
•expected maturity of debt instruments, which could be different than the contractual maturity;
•requested or granted amendments or deferrals; and
•expected recovery and timing of recovery for distressed debt instruments.
    Private Equity Investments
Over two thirds of Apollo’s private equity investments are valued using a market approach or an observable market price making overall portfolio returns in-line with relevant benchmark indices. Some of the additional considerations incorporated in valuation approaches include but are not limited to:
•relative liquidity and change in liquidity profile of the portfolio company; and
•portfolio company-specific business strength or weakness as it relates to COVID-19.
    Real Assets Investments
The estimated fair value of commercial mortgage-backed securities (“CMBS”) in Apollo’s real assets funds is determined by reference to market prices provided by certain dealers who make a market in these financial instruments. Debt and equity securities that are not publicly traded or whose market prices are not readily available, such as private commercial real estate debt and equity investments in entities that own real estate, are valued at fair value utilizing a model-based approach to determine fair value. Some of the considerations incorporated in our model-based valuation approaches include but are not limited to:
•property type specific considerations of potential disruption from COVID-19;
•individual property specific considerations: region and sub-market, tenant profile and liquidity profile;
•requested or granted amendments or deferrals;
•expected maturity of debt instruments; and
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•loans evaluated for possible impairment.
Recent Accounting Pronouncements
A list of recent accounting pronouncements that are relevant to Apollo and its industry is included in note 2 to our condensed consolidated financial statements.
Contractual Obligations, Commitments and Contingencies
The Company’s material contractual obligations consisted of lease obligations, contractual commitments as part of the ongoing operations of the funds and debt obligations. Fixed and determinable payments due in connection with these obligations are as follows as of June 30, 2021:
Remaining 20212022202320242025ThereafterTotal
 (in thousands)
Operating lease obligations(1)
$23,251 $52,081 $52,127 $48,454 $46,162 $434,422 $656,497 
Other long-term obligations(2)
21,523 7,555 2,020 820 711 711 33,340 
2018 AMH Credit Facility(3)
338 675 675 675 611 — 2,974 
2024 Senior Notes(3)
10,000 20,000 20,000 508,333 — — 558,333 
2026 Senior Notes(3)
11,000 22,000 22,000 22,000 22,000 508,983 607,983 
2029 Senior Notes(3)
16,443 32,886 32,886 32,886 32,886 777,933 925,920 
2030 Senior Notes(3)
6,625 13,250 13,250 13,250 13,250 558,663 618,288 
2039 Senior Secured Guaranteed Notes(3)(4)
7,751 15,503 15,503 15,503 15,503 379,558 449,321 
2048 Senior Notes(3)
7,500 15,000 15,000 15,000 15,000 633,750 701,250 
2050 Subordinated Notes(3)
7,425 14,850 14,850 14,850 14,850 656,994 723,819 
Secured Borrowing I174 349 349 349 349 20,709 22,279 
Secured Borrowing II171 343 343 343 343 22,311 23,854 
2016 AMI Term Facility I130 260 260 260 20,013 — 20,923 
2016 AMI Term Facility II135 271 19,489 — — — 19,895 
Obligations$112,466 $195,023 $208,752 $672,723 $181,678 $3,994,034 $5,364,676 
(1)Operating lease obligations excludes $131.3 million of other operating expenses associated with operating leases. Operating lease obligations includes $160.4 million related to leases that have not yet commenced.
(2)Includes (i) payments on management service agreements related to certain assets and (ii) payments with respect to certain consulting agreements entered into by the Company. Note that a significant portion of these costs are reimbursable by funds.
(3)See note 10 of the condensed consolidated financial statements for further discussion of these debt obligations.
(4)Payments based on anticipated repayment date of July 2029.    

Note:    Due to the fact that the timing of certain amounts to be paid cannot be determined or for other reasons discussed below, the following contractual commitments have not been presented in the table above.
(i)As noted previously, we have entered into a tax receivable agreement with our Co-Founders and Contributing Partners which requires us to pay to our Co-Founders and Contributing Partners 85% of any tax savings received by AGM Inc. and its subsidiaries from our step-up in tax basis. The tax savings achieved may not ensure that we have sufficient cash available to pay this liability and we might be required to incur additional debt to satisfy this liability.
(ii)Debt amounts related to the consolidated VIEs are not presented in the table above as the Company is not a guarantor of these non-recourse liabilities.
(iii)In connection with the Stone Tower acquisition, the Company agreed to pay the former owners of Stone Tower a specified percentage of any future performance fees earned from certain of the Stone Tower funds, CLOs and strategic investment accounts. This contingent consideration liability is remeasured to fair value at each reporting period until the obligations are satisfied. See note 15 to the condensed consolidated financial statements for further information regarding the contingent consideration liability.
(iv)Commitments from certain of our subsidiaries to contribute to the funds we manage and certain related parties.
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Commitments
Certain of our management companies and general partners are committed to contribute to the funds we manage and certain related parties. While a small percentage of these amounts are funded by us, the majority of these amounts have historically been funded by our related parties, including certain of our employees and certain Apollo funds. The table below presents the commitment and remaining commitment amounts of Apollo and its related parties and the commitment and remaining commitment amounts of Apollo only (excluding related parties) for each credit, private equity and real assets fund as of June 30, 2021 ($ in millions):
FundApollo and Related Party CommitmentsApollo Only (Excluding Related Party) CommitmentsApollo and Related Party Remaining CommitmentsApollo Only (Excluding Related Party) Remaining Commitments
Credit:
FCI III$244.3 $0.1 $120.0 $0.1 
SCRF IV416.1 33.1 145.1 11.4 
Accord IV246.2 20.0 200.7 16.3 
Accord IIIB140.5 14.1 97.8 11.3 
Accord III225.1 0.1 97.8 — 
Apollo Strategic Origination Partners6,121.2 121.2 5,981.9 118.5 
Apollo Origination Partners1,352.7 7.7 1,207.8 6.9 
Other Credit9,250.3 608.0 2,975.6 128.1 
Total Credit17,996.4 804.3 10,826.7 292.6 
Private Equity:
Fund IX1,914.5 448.3 1,079.1 253.7 
Fund VIII1,543.5 396.8 217.6 57.8 
Fund VII467.2 178.1 59.7 22.9 
ANRP III650.1 20.4 568.5 17.9 
ANRP II481.2 26.1 103.4 5.8 
ANRP I376.1 10.1 47.3 1.0 
AION Capital Partners151.0 50.0 15.6 4.9 
HVF II1,334.1 62.7 1,334.1 62.7 
HVF839.6 63.4 196.8 14.9 
Other Private Equity4,359.0 277.6 1,064.1 114.6 
Total Private Equity12,116.3 1,533.5 4,686.2 556.2 
Real Assets:
European Principal Finance Funds
EPF III(1)
609.4 74.2 290.2 36.4 
EPF II(1)
412.3 60.2 90.7 17.8 
EPF I(1)
318.5 21.0 51.4 4.8 
U.S. RE Fund III(2)
356.3 8.5 266.6 6.8 
U.S. RE Fund II(2)
676.3 4.9 188.3 1.2 
U.S. RE Fund I(2)
435.3 16.8 77.2 2.6 
Asia RE Fund II(2)
893.7 4.2 661.0 3.4 
Asia RE Fund I(2)
364.3 8.4 176.9 3.2 
Apollo Infrastructure Opportunities Fund II412.1 16.0 381.2 5.8 
Apollo Infrastructure Opportunities Fund I(3)
241.2 8.9 64.2 2.4 
Other Real Assets588.4 81.0 73.3 42.6 
Total Real Assets5,307.8 304.1 2,321.0 127.0 
Total$35,420.5 $2,641.9 $17,833.9 $975.8 
(1)Apollo’s commitment in these funds is denominated in Euros and translated into U.S. dollars at an exchange rate of €1.00 to $1.19 as of June 30, 2021.
(2)Figures for U.S. RE Fund I include base, additional, and co-investment commitments. A co-investment vehicle within U.S. RE Fund I is denominated in pound sterling and translated into U.S. dollars at an exchange rate of £1.00 to $1.38 as of June 30, 2021. Figures for U.S. RE Fund II, U.S. RE Fund III, Asia RE Fund I and Asia RE Fund II include co-investment commitments.
(3)Figures for AIOF I include Apollo Infra Equity US Fund, L.P. and Apollo Infra Equity International Fund, L.P. commitments.
The AMH Credit Facility, 2024 Senior Notes, 2026 Senior Notes, 2029 Senior Notes, 2030 Senior Notes, 2039 Senior Secured Guaranteed Notes, the 2048 Senior Notes and the 2050 Subordinated Notes will have future impacts on our cash uses. See note 10 of our condensed consolidated financial statements for information regarding the Company’s debt arrangements.
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Contingent Obligation—Performance fees with respect to certain credit and private equity funds and real assets funds is subject to reversal in the event of future losses to the extent of the cumulative performance fees recognized in income to date. See note 15 of our condensed consolidated financial statements for a description of our contingent obligation.
One of the Company’s subsidiaries, AGS, provides underwriting commitments in connection with securities offerings of related parties of Apollo, including portfolio companies of the funds Apollo manages, as well as third parties. As of June 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, there were no open underwriting commitments.
ITEM 3.    QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK
Our predominant exposure to market risk is related to our role as investment manager and general partner for our funds and the sensitivity to movements in the fair value of their investments and resulting impact on performance fees and management fee revenues. Our direct investments in the funds also expose us to market risk whereby movements in the fair values of the underlying investments will increase or decrease both net gains (losses) from investment activities and income (loss) from equity method investments. For a discussion of the impact of market risk factors on our financial instruments see “Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations—Critical Accounting Policies—Investments, at Fair Value.”
The fair value of our financial assets and liabilities of our funds may fluctuate in response to changes in the value of investments, foreign exchange, commodities and interest rates. The net effect of these fair value changes impacts the gains and losses from investments in our condensed consolidated statements of operations. However, the majority of these fair value changes are absorbed by the Non-Controlling Interests.
The Company is subject to a concentration risk related to the investors in its funds. Although there are more than 1,000 investors in Apollo’s active credit, private equity and real assets funds, no individual investor accounts for more than 10% of the total committed capital to Apollo’s active funds.
Risks are analyzed across funds from the “bottom up” and from the “top down” with a particular focus on asymmetric risk. We gather and analyze data, monitor investments and markets in detail, and constantly strive to better quantify, qualify and circumscribe relevant risks.
Each risk management process is subject to our overall risk tolerance and philosophy and our enterprise-wide risk management framework. This framework includes identifying, measuring and managing market, credit and operational risks at each segment, as well as at the fund and Company level.
Each segment runs its own investment and risk management process subject to our overall risk tolerance and philosophy:
•Our credit and real assets funds continuously monitor a variety of markets for attractive trading opportunities, applying a number of traditional and customized risk management metrics to analyze risk related to specific assets or portfolios, as well as, fund-wide risks.
•The investment process of our private equity funds involves a detailed analysis of potential acquisitions, and investment management teams assigned to monitor the strategic development, financing and capital deployment decisions of each portfolio investment.
The Company has established a Global Risk Committee comprised of various members of senior management including the Company’s Co-Presidents, Co-Chief Operating Officers, General Counsel, Global Head of Human Capital, Chief Risk Officer, Head of Enterprise Risk Management and Head of Internal Audit. The risk committee is tasked with assisting the Company in monitoring and managing enterprise-wide risk. The risk committee generally meets on a quarterly basis and reports to senior management of the Company at such times as the committee deems appropriate and at least on an annual basis.
On at least a monthly basis, the Company’s risk department provides a summary analysis of fund level market and credit risk to the portfolio managers of the Company’s funds and the heads of the various business segments. On a periodic basis, the Company’s risk department provides analyses of select market and credit risk components to various members of senior management. In addition, the Company’s Chief Risk Officer reviews specific investments from the perspective of risk mitigation and discusses such analysis with the Company’s risk committee and/or the executive committee of the Company’s Board at such times as the Company’s Chief Risk Officer determines such discussions are warranted.
Impact on Management Fees—Our management fees are based on one of the following:
•capital commitments to an Apollo fund;
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•capital invested in an Apollo fund;
•the gross, net or adjusted asset value of an Apollo fund, as defined; or
•as otherwise defined in the respective agreements.
Management fees could be impacted by changes in market risk factors and management could consider an investment permanently impaired as a result of (i) such market risk factors causing changes in invested capital or in market values to below cost, in the case of certain credit funds and our private equity funds or (ii) such market risk factors causing changes in gross or net asset value, for the credit funds. The proportion of our management fees that are based on NAV is dependent on the number and types of our funds in existence and the current stage of each fund’s life cycle.
Impact on Advisory and Transaction Fees—We earn transaction fees relating to the negotiation of credit, private equity and real assets transactions and may obtain reimbursement for certain out-of-pocket expenses incurred. Subsequently, on a quarterly or annual basis, ongoing advisory fees, and additional transaction fees in connection with additional purchases, dispositions, or follow-on transactions, may be earned. Management Fee Offsets and any broken deal costs, if applicable, are reflected as a reduction to advisory and transaction fees. Advisory and transaction fees will be impacted by changes in market risk factors to the extent that they limit our opportunities to engage in credit, private equity and real assets transactions or impair our ability to consummate such transactions. The impact of changes in market risk factors on advisory and transaction fees is not readily predicted or estimated.
Impact on Performance Fees—We earn performance fees from our funds as a result of such funds achieving specified performance criteria. Our performance fees will be impacted by changes in market risk factors. However, several major factors will influence the degree of impact:
•the performance criteria for each individual fund in relation to how that fund’s results of operations are impacted by changes in market risk factors;
•whether such performance criteria are annual or over the life of the fund;
•to the extent applicable, the previous performance of each fund in relation to its performance criteria; and
•whether each funds’ performance fee distributions are subject to contingent repayment.
As a result, the impact of changes in market risk factors on performance fees will vary widely from fund to fund. The impact is heavily dependent on the prior and future performance of each fund, and therefore is not readily predicted or estimated.
Market Risk—We are directly and indirectly affected by changes in market conditions. Market risk generally represents the risk that values of assets and liabilities or revenues and expenses will be adversely affected by changes in market conditions. Market risk is inherent in each of our investments and activities, including equity investments, loans, short-term borrowings, long-term debt, hedging instruments, credit default swaps and derivatives. Just a few of the market conditions that may shift from time to time, thereby exposing us to market risk, include fluctuations in interest and currency exchange rates, equity prices, changes in the implied volatility of interest rates and price deterioration. Volatility in debt and equity markets can impact our pace of capital deployment, the timing of receipt of transaction fee revenues and the timing of realizations. These market conditions could have an impact on the value of fund investments and rates of return. Accordingly, depending on the instruments or activities impacted, market risks can have wide ranging, complex adverse effects on our results from operations and our overall financial condition. We monitor market risk using certain strategies and methodologies which management evaluates periodically for appropriateness. We intend to continue to monitor this risk going forward and continue to monitor our exposure to all market factors.
Interest Rate Risk—Interest rate risk represents exposure we and our funds have to instruments whose values vary with the change in interest rates. These instruments include, but are not limited to, loans, borrowings, investments in interest bearing securities and derivative instruments. We may seek to mitigate risks associated with the exposures by having our funds take offsetting positions in derivative contracts. Hedging instruments allow us to seek to mitigate risks by reducing the effect of movements in the level of interest rates, changes in the shape of the yield curve, as well as, changes in interest rate volatility. Hedging instruments used to mitigate these risks may include related derivatives such as options, futures and swaps.
Credit Risk—Certain of our funds are subject to certain inherent risks through their investments.
Certain of our entities invest substantially all of their excess cash in open-end money market funds and money market demand accounts, which are included in cash and cash equivalents. The money market funds invest primarily in
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government securities and other short-term, highly liquid instruments with a low risk of loss. We continually monitor the funds’ performance in order to manage any risk associated with these investments.
Certain of our funds hold derivative instruments that contain an element of risk in the event that the counterparties may be unable to meet the terms of such agreements. We seek to minimize our risk exposure by limiting the counterparties with which our funds enter into contracts to banks and investment banks who meet established credit and capital guidelines. As of June 30, 2021, we do not expect any counterparty to default on its obligations and therefore do not expect to incur any loss due to counterparty default.
Certain of our funds’ investments include lower-rated and comparable quality unrated distressed investments and other instruments. Investments in such debt instruments are accompanied by a greater degree of risk of loss due to default by the issuer because such debt instruments are generally unsecured and subordinated to other creditors of the issuer. These issuers generally have high levels of indebtedness and can be more sensitive to adverse market conditions, such as a recession or increasing interest rates, as compared to higher rated issuers. We seek to minimize risk exposure by subjecting each prospective investment to rigorous credit analysis and by making investment decisions based upon objectives that include capital preservation and appreciation, and industry and issuer diversification.
Foreign Exchange Risk—Foreign exchange risk represents exposures our funds have to changes in the values of current fund holdings and future cash flows denominated in other currencies and investments in non-U.S. companies. The types of investments exposed to this risk include investments in foreign subsidiaries, foreign currency-denominated loans, foreign currency-denominated transactions, and various foreign exchange derivative instruments whose values fluctuate with changes in currency exchange rates or foreign interest rates. Instruments used to mitigate this risk are foreign exchange options, currency swaps, futures and forwards. These instruments may be used to help insulate our funds against losses that may arise due to volatile movements in foreign exchange rates and/or interest rates.
In our capacity as investment manager of the funds we manage, we continuously monitor a variety of markets for attractive opportunities for managing risk. For example, certain of the funds we manage may put in place foreign exchange hedges or borrowings with respect to certain foreign currency denominated investments to provide a hedge against foreign exchange exposure.
Non-U.S. Operations—We conduct business throughout the world and are continuing to expand into foreign markets. We currently have offices outside the U.S. in London, Frankfurt, Madrid, Luxembourg, Mumbai, Delhi, Singapore, Hong Kong, Shanghai and Tokyo, among other locations throughout the world, and have been strategically growing our international presence. Our fund investments and our revenues are primarily derived from our U.S. operations. With respect to our non-U.S. operations, we are subject to risk of loss from currency fluctuations, social instability, changes in governmental policies or policies of central banks, expropriation, nationalization, unfavorable political and diplomatic developments and changes in legislation relating to non-U.S. ownership. Our funds also invest in the securities of companies which are located in non-U.S. jurisdictions. As we continue to expand globally, we will continue to focus on monitoring and managing these risk factors as they relate to specific non-U.S. investments.
ITEM 4.    CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES
We maintain “disclosure controls and procedures”, as such term is defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Exchange Act, that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by us in reports that we file or submit under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in SEC rules and forms, and that such information is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. In designing disclosure controls and procedures, our management necessarily was required to apply its judgment in evaluating the cost-benefit relationship of possible disclosure controls and procedures. The design of any disclosure controls and procedures also is based in part upon certain assumptions about the likelihood of future events, and there can be no assurance that any design will succeed in achieving its stated goals under all potential future conditions. Any controls and procedures, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable assurance of achieving the desired objectives.
Our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, evaluated the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures pursuant to Rule 13a-15 under the Exchange Act as of the end of the period covered by this report. Based on that evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer have concluded that, as of the end of the period covered by this report, our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rule 13a-15(e) under the Exchange Act) are effective at the reasonable assurance level to accomplish their objectives of ensuring that information we are required to disclose in reports that we file or submit under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in SEC rules and forms, and that such information is accumulated and communicated to our
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management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.
No changes in our internal control over financial reporting (as such term is defined in Rules 13a–15(f) and 15d–15(f) under the Exchange Act) occurred during our most recent quarter, that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting. We have not experienced any material impact to our internal control over financial reporting despite the fact that most of our employees are working remotely due to the COVID-19 pandemic. We are continually monitoring and assessing the COVID-19 situation on our internal controls to minimize the impact on their design and operating effectiveness.
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PART II
ITEM 1.    LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
See note 15 to our condensed consolidated financial statements for a summary of the Company’s legal proceedings.
ITEM 1A.    RISK FACTORS     
For a discussion of our potential risks and uncertainties, see the information under the heading "Risk Factors" in our 2020 Annual Report and our Quarterly Report for the quarter ended March 31, 2021, which are accessible on the Securities and Exchange Commission's website at www.sec.gov. There have been no material changes to the risk factors for the three months ended June 30, 2020.
The risks described in our 2020 Annual Report and our Quarterly Report for the quarter ended March 31, 2021 are not the only risks facing us. Additional risks and uncertainties not currently known to us or that we currently deem to be immaterial also may materially adversely affect our business, financial condition and/or operating results.
ITEM 2.    UNREGISTERED SALE OF EQUITY SECURITIES
On May 7, 2021, May 10, 2021, May 17, 2021, May 18, 2021, and June 2, 2021, we issued 332,010, 1,614, 3,260, 56,243, and 4,655 shares of Class A shares, respectively, net of taxes to Apollo Management Holdings, L.P., a subsidiary of Apollo Global Management, Inc., in connection with issuances of stock to participants in the Equity Plan for an aggregate purchase price of $18.8 million, $0.1 million, $0.2 million, $3.2 million, and $0.3 million respectively. The issuance was exempt from registration under the Securities Act in accordance with Section 4(a)(2) and Rule 506(b) thereof, as transactions by the issuer not involving a public offering. We determined that the purchaser of Class A shares in the transactions, Apollo Management Holdings, L.P., was an accredited investor.
Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities
The following table sets forth purchases of our Class A shares made by us or on our behalf during the fiscal quarter ended June 30, 2021. From April 1, 2021 through June 30, 2021, the Company paid approximately $15.6 million in cash to satisfy tax withholding and cash settlement obligations in lieu of issuing Class A shares upon the vesting of equity awards representing 274,888 Class A shares.
Period
Total number of Class A shares purchased(1)
Average price paid per share
Total number of Class A shares purchased as part of publicly announced plans or programs(2)
Approximate dollar value of Class A shares that may yet be purchased under the plans or programs (3)
April 1, 2021 through April 30, 2021— $— — $334,607,173 
May 1, 2021 through May 31, 20212,071,381 $57.20 1,744,776 $217,683,321 
June 1, 2021 through June 30, 202173,332 $57.50 73,332 $213,300,503 
Total2,144,713 
(1)    Certain Apollo employees receive a portion of the profit sharing proceeds of certain funds in the form of (a) restricted Class A shares that they are required to purchase with such proceeds or (b) RSUs, in each case which equity-based awards generally vest over three years. These equity-based awards are granted under the Company's Equity Plan. To prevent dilution on account of these awards, Apollo may, in its discretion, repurchase Class A shares on the open market and retire them. During the three months ended June 30, 2021, we repurchased 326,605 Class A shares at an average price paid per share of $51.93 in open-market transactions not pursuant to a publicly-announced repurchase plan or program on account of these awards. See note 13 to the condensed consolidated financial statements for further information on Class A shares.
(2)    Pursuant to a share repurchase program that was publicly announced on March 12, 2020, the Company is authorized to repurchase up to $500 million in the aggregate of its Class A shares, including through the repurchase of outstanding Class A shares and through a reduction of Class A shares to be issued to employees to satisfy associated tax obligations in connection with the settlement of equity-based awards granted under the 2019 Equity Plan (or any successor equity plan thereto). This authorization increased the Company’s capacity to repurchase shares from $80 million of unused capacity under the Company’s previously approved share repurchase plan. Class A shares may be repurchased from time to time in open market transactions, in privately negotiated transactions, pursuant to a trading plan adopted in accordance with Rule 10b5-1 of the Exchange Act, or otherwise, with the size and timing of these repurchases depending on legal requirements, price, market and economic conditions and other factors. The Company is not obligated under the terms of the program to repurchase any of its Class A shares. The repurchase program has no expiration date and may be suspended or
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terminated by the Company at any time without prior notice. Class A shares repurchased as part of this program are canceled by the Company.
(3)     Amounts have been adjusted to account for reductions of Class A shares to satisfy associated tax obligations in connection with the settlement of equity-based awards granted to employees under the Equity Plan.
ITEM 3.    DEFAULTS UPON SENIOR SECURITIES
Not applicable.
ITEM 4.    MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES
Not applicable.
ITEM 5.    OTHER INFORMATION
Not applicable.
ITEM 6.    EXHIBITS
 
Exhibit
Number		  Exhibit Description
2.1
3.1  
3.2  
3.3  
4.1  
4.2
4.3
4.4
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Exhibit
Number		  Exhibit Description
4.5
4.6
4.7
4.8
4.9
4.10
4.11
4.12
4.13
4.14
4.15
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Exhibit
Number		  Exhibit Description
4.16
4.17
4.18
4.19
4.20
4.21
*10.1
*+10.2
*+10.3
*+10.4
*+10.5
*31.1 
*31.2 
*32.1 
*32.2 
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Exhibit
Number		  Exhibit Description
101.INS XBRL Instance Document - the instance document does not appear in the Interactive Data File because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document
*101.SCH XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document
*101.CAL XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document
*101.DEF XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document
*101.LAB XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document
*101.PRE XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document
104Cover Page Interactive Data File (embedded within the Inline XBRL document).
*Filed herewith.
+Management contract or compensatory plan or arrangement.

The agreements and other documents filed as exhibits to this report are not intended to provide factual information or other disclosure other than with respect to the terms of the agreements or other documents themselves, and you should not rely on them for that purpose. In particular, any representations and warranties made by us in these agreements or other documents were made solely within the specific context of the relevant agreement or document and may not describe the actual state of affairs as of the date they were made or at any other time.
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SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.
Apollo Global Management, Inc.
(Registrant)
Date: August 6, 2021By:/s/ Martin Kelly
Name:Martin Kelly
Title:Chief Financial Officer and Co-Chief Operating Officer
(principal financial officer and authorized signatory)


































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