APPLIED MATERIALS INC /DE - Annual Report: 2022 (Form 10-K)
UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
Form 10-K
(Mark one)
☑ | ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 | ||||
For the fiscal year ended October 30, 2022
or
☐ | TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 | ||||
For the transition period from to
Commission file number 000-06920
Applied Materials, Inc.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
| Delaware | 94-1655526 | ||||
| (State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) | (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.) | ||||
3050 Bowers Avenue
P.O. Box 58039
Santa Clara, California 95052-8039
(Address of principal executive offices)
(408) 727-5555
(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
| Title of Each Class | Trading Symbol | Name of Each Exchange on Which Registered | ||||||
| Common Stock, par value $.01 per share | AMAT | The NASDAQ Stock Market LLC | ||||||
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: None
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes ☑ No ☐
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act. Yes ☐ No ☑
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☑ No ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit). Yes ☑ No ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company or an emerging growth company. See definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
Large accelerated filer | ☑ | Accelerated filer | ☐ | ||||||||||||||
Non-accelerated filer | ☐ | Smaller reporting company | ☐ | Emerging growth company | ☐ | ||||||||||||
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has filed a report on and attestation to its management’s assessment of the effectiveness of its internal control over financial reporting under Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (15 U.S.C.7262(b)) by the registered public accounting firm that prepared or issued its audit report. ☑
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act). Yes ☐ No ☑
Aggregate market value of the voting stock held by non-affiliates of the registrant as of May 1, 2022, based upon the closing sale price reported by the NASDAQ Global Select Market on that date: $95,725,229,751
Number of shares outstanding of the registrant’s Common Stock, $0.01 par value, as of December 9, 2022: 844,139,722
DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE:
Portions of Part III will be provided in accordance with Instruction G(3) to Form 10-K no later than February 27, 2023.
Caution Regarding Forward-Looking Statements
This Annual Report on Form 10-K of Applied Materials, Inc. and its subsidiaries, including “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” in Item 7, contains forward-looking statements that involve a number of risks and uncertainties.
This report contains forward-looking statements that involve a number of risks and uncertainties. Examples of forward-looking statements include those regarding Applied’s future financial or operating results, customer demand and spending, end-user demand, Applied’s and market and industry trends and outlooks, the impact of new export regulations on our ability to export products and provide services to customers and on our results of operations, our intent to seek additional licenses pursuant to new export regulations, the impact of the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic and responses thereto on Applied’s operations and financial results, cash flows and cash deployment strategies, declaration of dividends, share repurchases, business strategies and priorities, costs and cost controls, products, competitive positions, management’s plans and objectives for future operations, research and development, acquisitions, investments and divestitures, growth opportunities, restructuring and severance activities, backlog, working capital, liquidity, investment portfolio and policies, taxes, supply chain, manufacturing, properties, legal proceedings and claims, and other statements that are not historical facts, as well as their underlying assumptions. Forward-looking statements may contain words such as “may,” “will,” “should,” “could,” “would,” “expect,” “plan,” “anticipate,” “believe,” “estimate,” “intend,” “potential” and “continue,” the negative of these terms, or other comparable terminology. All forward-looking statements are subject to risks and uncertainties and other important factors, including those discussed in Part I, Item 1A, “Risk Factors,” below and elsewhere in this report. These and many other factors could affect Applied’s future financial condition and operating results and could cause actual results to differ materially from expectations based on forward-looking statements made in this document or elsewhere by Applied or on its behalf. Forward-looking statements are based on management’s estimates, projections and expectations as of the date hereof, and Applied undertakes no obligation to revise or update any such statements.
The following information should be read in conjunction with the Consolidated Financial Statements and the accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included in this report.
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APPLIED MATERIALS, INC.
FORM 10-K FOR THE FISCAL YEAR ENDED OCTOBER 30, 2022
TABLE OF CONTENTS
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| PART III | ||||||||
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| PART IV | ||||||||
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PART I
Item 1: Business
Incorporated in 1967, Applied Materials, Inc. (Applied or the Company) is a Delaware corporation. A global company with a broad set of capabilities in materials engineering, Applied provides manufacturing equipment, services and software to the semiconductor, display and related industries. With its diverse technology capabilities, Applied delivers products and services that improve device performance, power, yield and cost. Applied’s customers include manufacturers of semiconductor chips, liquid crystal and organic light-emitting diode (OLED) displays, and other electronic devices. These customers may use what they manufacture in their own end products or sell the items to other companies for use in electronic products. Applied’s fiscal year ends on the last Sunday in October.
Applied operates in three reportable segments: Semiconductor Systems, Applied Global Services, and Display and Adjacent Markets. A summary of financial information for each reportable segment is found in Note 17 of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements. A discussion of factors that could affect operations is set forth under “Risk Factors” in Item 1A, which is incorporated herein by reference.
Semiconductor Systems
Applied’s Semiconductor Systems segment develops, manufactures and sells a wide range of manufacturing equipment used to fabricate semiconductor chips, also referred to as integrated circuits (ICs). The Semiconductor Systems segment includes semiconductor capital equipment used for many steps of the chip making process including the transfer of patterns into device structures, transistor and interconnect fabrication, metrology, inspection and review, and packaging technologies for connecting finished IC die. Applied’s patterning systems and technologies address challenges resulting from shrinking pattern dimensions and the growing complexity in vertical stacking found in today’s most advanced semiconductor devices. Applied’s transistor and interconnect products and technologies enable continued power and performance improvements of 3D transistors. Applied’s metrology, inspection and review systems’ imaging capabilities and algorithms employ optical and e-beam technologies to meet the most advanced technical demands in areas including self-aligned double and quad patterning, extreme ultraviolet layers, measurement-intensive optimal proximity correction mask qualification, and new 3D architectures. Applied’s packaging technologies address challenges resulting from the increasing heterogeneous integration of multiple IC dies in a single package. Applied delivers leading-edge capabilities that enable chipmakers to establish accurate statistical process control, ramp up production runs rapidly, and achieve consistently high production yields. Applied also provides manufacturing equipment that helps improve performance, power, yield and cost of semiconductor devices that use mature process technologies and serve specialty markets such as the Internet of Things, Communications, Automotive, Power and Sensors. Applied’ Semiconductor Systems equipment is sold to integrated device manufacturers and foundries worldwide.
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| Semiconductor Systems Technologies | Product(s) | |||||||
Epitaxy Epitaxy (or epi) is a technique for growing silicon (e.g. silicon with another element) as a uniform crystalline structure on a wafer to form high quality material for the device circuity. Epi technology is used in device transistors to enhance chip speed. | Centura RP Epi | |||||||
Ion Implant Ion implantation is a key technology for forming transistors and is used many times during chip fabrication. During ion implantation, wafers are bombarded by a beam of electrically-charged ions, called dopants, which can change the electrical properties of the exposed semiconductor material. | VIISta Systems | |||||||
Oxidation/Nitridation Applied’s systems provide critical oxidation steps - like memory gate oxide, shallow trench isolation and liner oxide - for advanced device scaling. | Vantage, Radiance and Centura Systems | |||||||
Rapid Thermal Processing (RTP) RTP is used primarily for annealing, which modifies the properties of deposited films. Applied’s single-wafer RTP systems are also used for growing high quality oxide and oxynitride films. | Vantage Systems | |||||||
Physical Vapor Deposition (PVD) PVD is used to deposit high quality metal films. Applications include metal gate, silicides, contact liner/barrier, interconnect copper barrier seed and metal hard mask. | Endura, Charger and Axcela Systems | |||||||
Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD) CVD is used to deposit dielectric and metal films on a wafer. During the CVD process, gases that contain atoms of the material to be deposited react on the wafer surface, forming a thin film of solid material. | Endura, Centura and Producer Systems | |||||||
Chemical Mechanical Planarization (CMP) CMP is used to planarize a wafer surface, a process that allows subsequent photolithography patterning and material deposition steps to occur with greater accuracy, resulting in more uniform film layers with minimal thickness variations. | Reflexion and Mirra Systems | |||||||
Electrochemical Deposition (ECD) ECD is a process by which metal atoms from a chemical fluid (an electrolyte) are deposited on the surface of an immersed object. | Raider and Nokota Platforms | |||||||
Atomic Layer Deposition (ALD) ALD technology enables ultra thin film growth of either a conducting or insulating material with uniform coverage in nanometer-sized structures. | Olympia, Sprinter, Morpher and P-300BV Systems | |||||||
Etch Etching is used many times throughout the IC manufacturing process to selectively remove material from the surface of a wafer. Applied offers systems for etching dielectric, metal, and silicon films to meet the requirements of advanced processing. | Centris and Producer Systems | |||||||
Selective Processing (Deposition and Removal) Selective processing uses specially co-designed chemical and materials interactions to enable delicate and precise deposition and removal of target materials. | Endura and Producer Systems | |||||||
Metrology and Inspection Metrology and inspection tools are used to locate, measure, and analyze defects and features on the wafer during various stages of the fabrication processes. Applied enables customers to characterize and control critical dimension (CD) and defect issues, especially at advanced generation technology nodes. | SEMVision eBeam Review PROVision eBeam Metrology Enlight Optical Inspection UVision Optical Inspection VeritySEM CD-SEM Metrology Aera Mask Inspection | |||||||
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Applied Global Services
The Applied Global Services® (AGS) segment provides integrated solutions to optimize equipment and fab performance and productivity, including spares, upgrades, services, remanufactured earlier generation equipment and factory automation software for semiconductor, display and other products. Customer demand for products and services is fulfilled through a global distribution system in more than 170 locations and trained service engineers located in close proximity to customer sites to support over 49,000 installed Applied semiconductor, display and other manufacturing systems worldwide. Applied offers the following general types of services and products under the Applied Global Services segment.
| AGS Solutions and Technology | ||
Technology-Enabled Services® A comprehensive service product portfolio that combines service technology and tool specific performance commitments in order to optimize customer factory productivity. | ||
Fab Consulting Experts using advanced analytical tools to solve production problems that have the greatest impact on customer fab productivity. | ||
Supply Chain Assurance Programs Spare parts product portfolio offers options to balance inventory, cost and risk to efficiently meet fab requirements. | ||
Subfab Equipment Applied SubFab solutions lower costs, save energy, reduce environmental impact, and meet Environmental Protection Agency reporting regulations for greenhouse gas emissions. | ||
Legacy Equipment and Upgrades Comprehensive 200mm equipment and upgrades portfolio to address a full spectrum of production needs and extend tool lifetime. Applied 200mm equipment supports market inflections and new technology for a broad variety of devices including analog, power, and MEMS. | ||
Automation Software Applied SmartFactory® automation software portfolio coordinates and streamlines every aspect of a factory (the processes, equipment and people) to provide competitive advantage to customers. | ||
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Display and Adjacent Markets
The Display and Adjacent Markets segment is comprised primarily of products for manufacturing liquid crystal displays (LCDs), organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs), and other display technologies for TVs, monitors, laptops, personal computers (PCs), electronic tablets, smart phones, and other consumer-oriented devices. While similarities exist between the technologies utilized in semiconductor and display fabrication, the most significant differences are in the size and composition of the substrate. Substrates used to manufacture display panels and other devices are typically glass, although newer flexible materials are entering the market. Display and Adjacent Markets segment growth depends primarily on consumer demand for increasingly larger and more advanced TVs and high-resolution displays for mobile devices as well as new form factors, including thin, light, curved and flexible displays, and new applications such as augmented and virtual reality. In addition to display applications, the segment’s Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD) technology is used to manufacture solar energy cells. The Display and Adjacent Markets segment offers a variety of technologies and products, including:
| Display and Adjacent Markets Technologies | Product(s) | |||||||
Array Test LCD display substrates are inspected at many stages of production to maximize yield, minimize scrap, optimize equipment utilization, and monitor manufacturing processes. At the completion of the array stage, the performance of the millions of individual pixels on each display is tested. | Electron Beam Array Tester | |||||||
Defect Review Defects are identified during inspection steps and reviewed by a scanning electron microscope and other analyses to determine defect root cause and composition. | Electron Beam Review (EBR) | |||||||
Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD) During CVD processing, gases containing atoms or molecules are introduced into the process chamber. The gases form reactive radicals or ions, which undergo chemical reactions to form thin films on the heated substrate. | AKT PECVD Systems | |||||||
Physical Vapor Deposition (PVD) PVD is used to deposit high quality films of metals, alloys, transparent conductors and semiconductors. In Display, these films are used for contact, interconnect, transparent electrodes and transistor materials in TFT-LCD and OLED display backplanes, as well as for transparent electrodes in color filters and touch panels. | AKT Aristo and PiVot Systems | |||||||
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Backlog
Applied manufactures systems to meet demand represented by order backlog and customer commitments. Backlog consisted of: (1) orders for which written authorizations have been accepted, or shipment has occurred but revenue has not been recognized; and (2) contractual service revenue and maintenance fees.
Backlog by reportable segment as of October 30, 2022 and October 31, 2021 was as follows:
| 2022 | 2021 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| (In millions, except percentages) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Semiconductor Systems | $ | 12,691 | 67 | % | $ | 6,679 | 57 | % | |||||||||||||||
| Applied Global Services | 5,643 | 30 | % | 4,335 | 37 | % | |||||||||||||||||
| Display and Adjacent Markets | 581 | 3 | % | 735 | 6 | % | |||||||||||||||||
| Corporate and Other | 96 | — | % | 9 | — | % | |||||||||||||||||
| Total | $ | 19,011 | 100 | % | $ | 11,758 | 100 | % | |||||||||||||||
Of the total backlog as of October 30, 2022, approximately 32% is not reasonably expected to be filled within the next 12 months.
New export rules and regulations issued in December 2022 are expected to reduce backlog that was not reasonably expected to be filled within 12 months by approximately $989 million.
Applied’s backlog on any particular date is not necessarily indicative of actual sales for any future periods, due to the potential for customer changes in delivery schedules or order cancellations. Customers may delay delivery of products or cancel orders prior to shipment, subject to possible cancellation penalties. Delays in delivery schedules or a reduction of backlog during any particular period could have a material adverse effect on Applied’s business and results of operations.
Manufacturing, Raw Materials and Supplies
Applied’s worldwide manufacturing activities consist primarily of assembly, integration and test of various proprietary and commercial parts, components and subassemblies that are used to manufacture systems. Applied has implemented a distributed manufacturing model under which manufacturing and supply chain activities are conducted in various countries, primarily including China, Israel, Singapore, Taiwan, the United States and other countries in Asia. Applied uses qualified vendors, including contract manufacturers, to supply parts, services and product support. Applied’s supply chain strategy commits to adhere to ethical labor practices, responsible minerals sourcing, Responsible Business Alliance and SEMI guidelines, and the Applied Materials Standards of Business Conduct as defined in Applied’s Environmental, Social and Governance (ESG) commitment.
Although Applied makes reasonable efforts to assure that parts are available from multiple qualified suppliers, this is not always possible. Accordingly, some key parts may be obtained from only a qualified single supplier or a limited group of qualified suppliers. Applied seeks to reduce costs and to lower the risks of manufacturing and service interruptions by selecting and qualifying alternate suppliers for parts; monitoring the financial condition of key suppliers; maintaining appropriate inventories of parts; qualifying new parts on a timely basis; and ensuring quality and performance of parts.
Research, Development and Engineering
Applied’s long-term growth strategy requires continued development of new materials engineering capabilities, including products and platforms that enable expansion into new and adjacent markets. Applied’s significant investments in research, development and engineering (RD&E) must generally enable it to deliver new products and technologies before the emergence of strong demand, thus allowing customers to incorporate these products into their manufacturing plans during early-stage technology selection. Applied works closely with its global customers and ecosystem partners to design systems and processes that meet planned technical and production requirements.
Applied’s product development and engineering organizations are located primarily in the United States, as well as in China, Europe, India, Israel, Korea, Singapore and Taiwan. In addition, certain outsourced RD&E activities, process support and customer demonstrations are performed in the United States, India, China, Singapore and Taiwan.
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Marketing and Sales
Because of the highly technical nature of its products, Applied markets and sells products worldwide almost entirely through a direct sales force.
Applied has operations in many countries, with some of its business activities concentrated in certain geographic areas, and global and regional economic and political conditions can impact the company’s business and financial results. Applied’s business is based on capital equipment investments by major semiconductor, display and other manufacturers, and is subject to significant variability in customer demand for Applied’s products. Customers’ expenditures depend on many factors, including: general economic conditions; anticipated market demand and pricing for semiconductors, display technologies and other electronic devices; the development of new technologies; customers’ factory utilization; capital resources and financing; trade policies and export regulations; and government incentives. In addition, a significant driver in the semiconductor and display industries has been end-demand for mobile consumer products, which has been characterized by seasonality that impacts the timing of customer investments in manufacturing equipment and, in turn, Applied’s business.
Information on net sales to unaffiliated customers and long-lived assets attributable to Applied’s geographic regions is included in Note 17 of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements. The following companies accounted for at least 10 percent of Applied’s net sales in each fiscal year, which were for products and services in multiple reportable segments.
| 2022 | 2021 | 2020 | |||||||||||||||
| Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. | 12% | 20% | 18% | ||||||||||||||
| Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company Limited | 20% | 15% | 18% | ||||||||||||||
| Intel Corporation | 10% | * | * | ||||||||||||||
______________________________
* Less than 10%
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Competition
The industries in which Applied operates are highly competitive and characterized by rapid technological change. Applied’s ability to compete generally depends on its ability to commercialize its technology in a timely manner, continually improve its products, and develop new products that meet constantly evolving customer requirements. Significant competitive factors include technical capability and differentiation, productivity, cost-effectiveness and the ability to support a global customer base. The importance of these factors varies according to customers’ needs, including product mix and respective product requirements, applications, and the timing and circumstances of purchasing decisions. Substantial competition exists in all areas of Applied’s business. Competitors range from small companies that compete in a single region, which may benefit from policies and regulations that favor domestic companies, to global, diversified companies, which operate in more complex global economic and regulatory environments. Applied’s ability to compete requires a high level of investment in RD&E, marketing and sales, and global customer support activities. Management believes that many of Applied’s products have strong competitive positions.
The competitive environment for each segment is described below.
The semiconductor industry is driven by demand for advanced electronic products, including smartphones and other mobile devices, servers, personal computers, automotive electronics, storage, and other products. The growth of data and emerging end-market drivers such as artificial intelligence, the Internet of Things, 5G networks, smart vehicles and augmented and virtual reality are also creating the next wave of growth for the industry. As a result, products within the Semiconductor Systems segment are subject to significant changes in customer requirements, including transitions to smaller dimensions, increasingly complex chip architectures, new materials and an increasing number of applications. While certain existing technologies may be adapted to new requirements, some applications create the need for an entirely different technological approach. The rapid pace of technological change can quickly diminish the value of current technologies and products and create opportunities for existing and new competitors. Applied’s broad portfolio offers a variety of differentiated products, including co-optimized and integrated materials solutions that enable unique films, structures and devices. Applied’s products must continuously evolve to satisfy customers’ requirements to compete effectively in the marketplace. Applied allocates resources among its numerous product offerings and therefore may decide not to invest in an individual product depending on market requirements. There are a number of competitors serving the semiconductor manufacturing equipment industry, which has experienced increased consolidation. Some of these competitors offer a single product line and others offer multiple product lines, and range from serving a single region to global, diversified companies.
Products and services within the Applied Global Services segment complement the Semiconductor Systems and Display and Adjacent Markets segments’ products in markets that are characterized by demanding worldwide service requirements. Competition in the Applied Global Services segment includes a diverse group of numerous third-party service providers and customers that perform their own service.
To compete effectively, Applied offers products and services to improve tool performance, lower overall cost of ownership, and increase yields and productivity of customers’ fab operations. Significant competitive factors include productivity, cost-effectiveness, and the level of technical service and support. The importance of these factors varies according to customers’ needs and the type of products or services offered.
Products in the Display and Adjacent Markets segment are generally subject to strong competition from a number of major competitors primarily in Asia. Applied holds established market positions with its technically-differentiated LCD and OLED manufacturing solutions for PECVD, color filter PVD, PVD array, PVD touch panel, and TFT array testing, although its market position could change quickly due to customers’ evolving requirements. Important factors affecting the competitive position of Applied’s Display and Adjacent Markets products include: industry trends, Applied’s ability to innovate and develop new products, and the extent to which Applied’s products are technically-differentiated, as well as which customers within a highly concentrated customer base are making capital equipment investments and Applied’s existing position at these customers.
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Patents and Licenses
Protection of Applied’s technology assets through enforcement of its intellectual property rights, including patents, is important for its competitive position. Applied’s practice is to file patent applications in the United States and other countries for inventions that it considers significant. Applied has more than 17,300 patents in the United States and other countries, and additional applications are pending for new inventions. Although Applied does not consider its business materially dependent upon any one patent, the rights of Applied and the products made and sold under its patents, taken as a whole, are a significant element of its business. In addition to its patents, Applied possesses other intellectual property, including trademarks, know-how, trade secrets, and copyrights.
Applied enters into patent and technology licensing agreements with other companies when it is determined to be in its best interest. Applied pays royalties under existing patent license agreements for the use, in several of its products, of certain patented technologies. Applied also receives royalties from licenses granted to third parties. Royalties received from or paid to third parties have not been material to Applied’s consolidated results of operations.
In the normal course of business, Applied periodically receives and makes inquiries regarding possible patent infringement. In responding to such inquiries, it may become necessary or useful for Applied to obtain or grant licenses or other rights. However, there can be no assurance that such licenses or rights will be available to Applied on commercially reasonable terms, or at all. If Applied is not able to resolve or settle claims, obtain necessary licenses on commercially reasonable terms, or successfully prosecute or defend its position, Applied’s business, financial condition and results of operations could be materially and adversely affected.
Governmental Regulation
As a public company with global operations, Applied is subject to the laws and regulations of the United States and multiple foreign jurisdictions. These regulations, which differ among jurisdictions, include those related to financial and other disclosures, accounting standards, corporate governance, intellectual property, tax, trade, including import, export and customs, antitrust, environment, and health and safety, climate change, employment, immigration and travel regulations, privacy, data protection and localization, and anti-corruption. See “Risk Factors – Legal, Compliance, and Other Risks – Applied is exposed to various risks related to the global regulatory environment” for further details.
Applied is regulated under various international laws regarding the purchase and sale of goods and related items, including but not limited to those related to trade policies and export regulations, and limitations on transfer of intellectual property. See “Risk Factors – Business and Industry Risks – Global trade issues and changes in and uncertainties with respect to trade policies and export regulations, including import and export license requirements, trade sanctions, tariffs and international trade disputes, have adversely impacted and could further adversely impact our business and operations, and reduce the competitiveness of our products relative to local and global competitors” for further details.
With respect to environmental, health and safety regulations, Applied maintains a number of programs that are primarily preventative in nature and regularly monitors ongoing compliance with applicable laws and regulations. In addition, Applied has trained personnel to conduct investigations of any environmental, health, or safety incidents, including, but not limited to, spills, releases, or possible contamination. See also “Risk Factors – Risks Related to Legal, Compliance, and Other Risks – Applied is subject to risks associated with environmental, health and safety regulations” for further details.
Applied is subject to income taxes in the United States and foreign jurisdictions. Applied’s provision for income taxes, effective tax rate and financial results could be affected by numerous factors, including changes in applicable tax laws, interpretations of applicable tax laws, amount and composition of pre-tax income in jurisdictions with differing tax rates, and valuation of deferred tax assets. There have been a number of proposed changes in the tax laws that could increase Applied’s tax liability. See “Risk Factors – Operational and Financial Risks – Applied is exposed to risks associated with operating in jurisdictions with complex and changing tax laws” for further details. For additional discussions regarding the impact of compliance with income tax laws and regulations on Applied’s business and operations, see also “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations– Results of Operations – Income Taxes” and “Note 15 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements”.
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Applied’s People
Applied’s commitment to innovation begins with the commitment to creating an environment in which Applied’s employees can do their best work. Applied’s ability to create differentiated value in the marketplace is driven by the capability of the Company’s people to anticipate technology inflections and integrate customer requirements. To achieve this level of value creation, Applied believes it must attract, hire, develop and retain a world-class global workforce. The Company invests in its employees by providing quality training and learning opportunities; promoting inclusion, equity and diversity; and upholding a high standard of ethics and respect for human rights.
As of October 30, 2022, Applied employed approximately 33,000 regular full-time employees, of whom approximately 46%, 42% and 12% resided in the Asia-Pacific region, North America, and Europe, Middle East and Africa, respectively. Applied’s team spans 24 countries, reflecting various cultures, backgrounds, race, color, national origin, religion, sex, sexual orientation, gender identity, ages, and disability, veteran and military status.
Diversity, Equity and Inclusion
Applied values great talent and different perspectives, knowing that diversity is one of its greatest strengths. The Company therefore strives to provide fair and equal opportunity for career development and advancement to all its employees and incorporates respect for diverse backgrounds and perspectives into the Company’s culture at every level – from strategy and policy down to everyday interactions.
Applied expects that its commitment to strengthening the Company’s culture of inclusion will broaden the diversity of its workplace and help Applied build a culture that benefits everyone. In recent years, Applied continued to make progress in its culture of inclusion journey, including, among other things, expanding gender diversity on the Company’s Board to 40% female membership, increasing female representation in the U.S. and global workforce, and increasing U.S. underrepresented minority representation. As of October 30, 2022, Applied’s global workforce was 80.6% male and 19.4% female, and 19% of Applied’s workforce in the United States was composed of underrepresented minorities.
Additionally, Applied is investing in inclusion learning experiences. For example, the Company has various initiatives to further develop its leaders to lead even more inclusively and further deepen engagement with employees.
Talent Acquisition and Retention
Applied believes that its future success is highly dependent upon the Company’s continued ability to attract, develop, retain and engage employees. As part of the Company’s effort to attract and retain employees, Applied offers competitive rewards, compensation and benefits, including an Employee Stock Purchase Plan, healthcare and retirement benefits, parental and family leave, adoption credits, holiday and paid time off, and tuition assistance.
Employee Learning & Development
Applied seeks to create growth and development opportunities to support an engaged and inclusive workforce. Applied promotes holistic employee learning and development based on the 70/20/10 model--70% on-the-job learning, 20% social/collaborative and 10% formal training, with a focus on advancing technical skills as well as improving general business acumen to address increasing work complexity. Also, to help expand professional breadth, Applied uses a federated model where the segments and functions provide technical and job-specific training tied to their disciplines, while general professional, management, and leadership training is provided at the corporate level. All training is coordinated centrally and aligned with common objectives through Applied Global University. In addition to instructor-led and web-based training, Applied offers state-of-the-art training modalities, such as AI-based simulations and Augmented and Virtual Reality learning capabilities, to help develop its new products, train its manufacturing and field support employees, and collaborate remotely. Each fiscal year, employees are provided the opportunity to complete the required 40 hours of learning.
Employee Engagement, Organizational Health and Pandemic Response
Applied has historically managed and measured employee engagement and organizational health with a view to gaining insight into employees’ experiences, levels of workplace satisfaction, and feelings of engagement and inclusion.
Since the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, Applied’s top priority remains protecting the health and safety of its employees and their families, customers, suppliers and community. This includes an understanding of its employees’ engagement and experiences during the pandemic and developing a return to work and future of work strategy. In fiscal 2020 and fiscal 2021, Applied conducted surveys focused on employee engagement and productivity and on the future of work. Applied continues to support workplace flexibility such as remote working where possible, and follow enhanced safety and health protocols—including screenings, social distancing, and use of personal protective equipment. In fiscal 2022, the focus of the employee survey was on engagement and identifying actionable insights to enable a segmented talent strategy to address engagement and retention in targeted employee populations (e.g., early tenure employees).
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Additional information regarding Applied’s activities related to its people and sustainability, as well as its workforce diversity data, can be found in Applied’s latest Sustainability Report and Annex thereto, which are located on its website at https://www.appliedmaterials.com/us/en/corporate-responsibility.html. The Sustainability Report and the Annex thereto are updated annually. This website address is intended to be an inactive textual reference only. None of the information on, or accessible through, Applied’s website is part of this Form 10-K or is incorporated by reference herein.
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Information about Applied’s Executive Officers
The following table and notes set forth information about Applied’s executive officers:
| Name of Individual | Position | ||||
| Gary E. Dickerson(1) | President, Chief Executive Officer | ||||
| Brice Hill(2) | Senior Vice President, Chief Financial Officer | ||||
| Teri Little(3) | Senior Vice President, Chief Legal Officer and Corporate Secretary | ||||
| Omkaram Nalamasu(4) | Senior Vice President, Chief Technology Officer | ||||
| Prabu Raja(5) | Senior Vice President, Semiconductor Products Group | ||||
| Timothy M. Deane (6) | Group Vice President, Applied Global Services | ||||
| Jeff Bodner(7) | Corporate Vice President, Corporate Controller and Chief Accounting Officer | ||||
(1)Mr. Dickerson, age 65, was named President of Applied in June 2012 and appointed Chief Executive Officer and a member of the Board of Directors in September 2013. Before joining Applied, he served as Chief Executive Officer and a director of Varian Semiconductor Equipment Associates, Inc. (Varian) from 2004 until its acquisition by Applied in November 2011. Prior to Varian, Mr. Dickerson served 18 years with KLA-Tencor Corporation (KLA-Tencor), a supplier of process control and yield management solutions for the semiconductor and related industries, where he held a variety of operations and product development roles, including President and Chief Operating Officer. Mr. Dickerson started his semiconductor career in manufacturing and engineering management at General Motors’ Delco Electronics Division and then AT&T Technologies.
(2)Mr. Hill, age 56, has been Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer since March 2022. Prior to joining Applied, Mr. Hill was Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer of Xilinx, Inc., a company that designed and developed programmable devices and associated technologies, from April 2020 until its acquisition by Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. in February 2022. Prior to Xilinx, Mr. Hill served in various finance positions with Intel Corporation for 25 years, most recently as Corporate Vice President and Chief Financial Officer and Chief Operating Officer, Technology, Systems and Core Engineering Group.
(3)Ms. Little, age 58, joined Applied as Senior Vice President, Chief Legal Officer and Corporate Secretary in June 2020. Prior to joining Applied, Ms. Little served as Executive Vice President, Chief Legal Officer and Corporate Secretary at KLA Corporation from August 2017 to June 2020. Prior to that she was Senior Vice President, General Counsel and Corporate Secretary of KLA Corporation from October 2015 until August 2017, and prior to that she held various other positions at KLA Corporation since 2002. Prior to joining KLA Corporation, she was a Senior Corporate Associate at Wilson Sonsini Goodrich & Rosati, and a Litigation Associate at Heller Ehrman White & McAuliffe.
(4)Dr. Nalamasu, age 64, has been Senior Vice President, Chief Technology Officer since June 2013, and President of Applied Ventures, LLC, Applied’s venture capital arm, since November 2013. He had served as Group Vice President, Chief Technology Officer from January 2012 to June 2013, and as Corporate Vice President, Chief Technology Officer from January 2011 to January 2012. Upon joining Applied in June 2006 until January 2011, Dr. Nalamasu was an Appointed Vice President of Research and served as Deputy Chief Technology Officer and General Manager for the Advanced Technologies Group. From 2002 to 2006, Dr. Nalamasu was a NYSTAR distinguished professor of Materials Science and Engineering at Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, where he also served as Vice President of Research from 2005 to 2006. Prior to Rensselaer, Dr. Nalamasu served in several leadership roles at Bell Laboratories.
(5)Dr. Raja, age 60, has been Senior Vice President, Semiconductor Products Group of Applied since November 2017. He previously served in various senior management, product development and operational roles since joining Applied in 1995, including Group Vice President and General Manager of the Patterning and Packaging Group.
(6)Mr. Deane, age 57, has been Group Vice President, Applied Global Services since September 2022. He joined Applied in 1995 and previously served in various senior management and field operations roles, including head of Field Operations and Business Management for the Semiconductor Products Group, Account General Manager and Region General Manager.
(7)Mr. Bodner, age 54, has been Corporate Vice President, Corporate Controller and Chief Accounting Officer of Applied since September 2022. Prior to joining Applied, Mr. Bodner served as Chief Accounting Officer since July 2021 and as Vice President, Accounting since April 2021 at ESS Tech, Inc., a company that designs, builds and deploys iron flow batteries for commercial and energy storage applications. Prior to joining ESS Tech, Mr. Bodner served for almost 17 years at Intel Corporation in a variety of finance leadership roles, including Vice President of Finance and Director of Internal Audit. Mr. Bodner also worked nearly 12 years at PwC in its assurance practice.
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Available Information
Applied’s website is http://www.appliedmaterials.com. Applied makes available free of charge, on or through its website, its annual, quarterly and current reports, and any amendments to those reports, as soon as reasonably practicable after electronically filing such reports with, or furnishing them to, the SEC. The SEC’s website, www.sec.gov, contains reports, proxy and information statements, and other information regarding issuers that file electronically with the SEC. These website addresses are intended to be an inactive textual references only. None of the information on, or accessible through, these websites is part of this Form 10-K or is incorporated by reference herein.
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Item 1A: Risk Factors
The following risk factors could materially and adversely affect Applied’s business, financial condition or results of operations and cause reputational harm, and should be carefully considered in evaluating the Company and its business, in addition to other information presented elsewhere in this report.
Business and Industry Risks
The industries that Applied serves can be volatile and difficult to predict.
As a supplier to the global semiconductor and display and related industries, Applied is subject to variable industry conditions, since demand for manufacturing equipment and services can change depending on several factors, including the nature and timing of technology inflections and advances in fabrication processes, the timing and requirements of new and emerging technologies and market drivers, production capacity relative to demand for chips and display technologies, end-user demand, customers’ capacity utilization, production volumes, access to affordable capital, consumer buying patterns and general economic and political conditions. Applied’s industries historically have been cyclical, and are subject to volatility and sudden changes in customer requirements for new manufacturing capacity and advanced technology. These changes can affect the timing and amounts of customer investments in technology and manufacturing equipment and can have a significant impact on Applied’s net sales, operating expenses, gross margins and net income. The amount and mix of capital equipment spending between different products and technologies can have a significant impact on Applied’s results of operations.
To meet rapidly changing demand in the industries it serves, Applied must accurately forecast demand and effectively manage its resources and production capacity across its businesses, and may incur unexpected or additional costs to align its business operations. During periods of increasing demand for its products, Applied must have sufficient manufacturing capacity and inventory to meet customer demand; effectively manage its supply chain; attract, retain and motivate a sufficient number of qualified employees; and continue to control costs. During periods of decreasing demand, Applied must reduce costs and align its cost structure with prevailing market conditions; effectively manage its supply chain; and motivate and retain key employees. If Applied does not effectively manage these challenges during periods of changing demand, its business performance and results of operations may be adversely impacted. Even with effective allocation of resources and management of costs, during periods of decreasing demand, Applied’s gross margins, cash flows and earnings may be adversely impacted.
Applied is exposed to risks associated with an uncertain global economy.
Uncertain or adverse economic and business conditions, including uncertainties and volatility in the financial markets, national debt, fiscal or monetary concerns, rising inflation and interest rates in various regions, and economic recession, could materially adversely impact Applied’s operating results. Markets for semiconductors and displays depend largely on business and consumer spending and demand for electronic products. Uncertain or adverse economic and business conditions could result in decreases in consumer spending and demand. Such decreases in spending and demand have in the past caused, and may in the future cause, our customers to push out, cancel or refrain from purchasing our equipment or services, which could negatively impact demand for our products and services, reduce our backlog, increase our inventory, and materially adversely impact our operating results.
Similarly, changes that result in sudden increases in consumer demand for electronic products have resulted in, and may continue to result in, a shortage of parts and materials needed to manufacture our products. Such shortages, as well as shipment delays due to transportation capacity and interruptions, have adversely impacted, and may continue to adversely impact, our suppliers’ ability to meet our demand requirements. Accelerated digital transformation may further increase consumer demand and exacerbate such shortages and also strain our manufacturing capacity, which may adversely impact our ability to meet customer demands and thus have an adverse impact on our revenues, results of operations and financial condition.
Uncertain or adverse economic and market conditions, difficulties in obtaining capital, increased costs or reduced profitability may also cause some customers to scale back operations, exit businesses, merge with other manufacturers, or file for bankruptcy protection and potentially cease operations, which can also result in lower sales, additional inventory or bad debt expense for Applied. Economic and industry uncertainty may similarly affect suppliers, which could impair their ability to deliver parts and negatively affect Applied’s ability to manage operations and deliver its products. These conditions may also lead to consolidation or strategic alliances among other equipment manufacturers, which could adversely affect Applied’s ability to compete effectively.
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Uncertain economic and industry conditions and continued supply chain disruptions also make it more challenging for Applied to forecast its operating results, make business decisions, and identify and prioritize the risks that may affect its businesses, sources and uses of cash, financial condition and results of operations. If Applied does not appropriately manage its business operations in response to changing economic and industry conditions, it could have a significant negative impact on its business performance and financial condition. Applied may be required to implement additional cost reduction efforts, including restructuring activities, which may adversely affect Applied’s ability to capitalize on opportunities. Even during periods of economic uncertainty or lower revenues, Applied must continue to invest in research and development and maintain a global business infrastructure to compete effectively and support its customers, which can have a negative impact on its operating margins and earnings.
Applied maintains an investment portfolio that is subject to general credit, liquidity, market and interest rate risks. The risks to Applied’s investment portfolio may be exacerbated if financial market conditions deteriorate due to rising inflation, rising interest rates, economic recession or impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic and, as a result, the value and liquidity of the investment portfolio, as well as returns on pension assets, could be negatively impacted and lead to impairment charges. Applied also maintains cash balances in various bank accounts globally in order to fund normal operations. If any of these financial institutions becomes insolvent, it could limit Applied’s ability to access cash in the affected accounts, which could affect its ability to manage its operations.
Applied is exposed to the risks of operating a global business.
Applied has product development, engineering, manufacturing, sales and other operations distributed throughout many countries, and some of its business activities are concentrated in certain geographic areas. Moreover, in fiscal 2022, approximately 88% of Applied’s net sales were to customers in regions outside the United States. As a result of the global nature of its operations, Applied’s business performance and results of operations may be adversely affected by a number of factors, including:
•uncertain global economic and political business conditions and demands;
•global trade issues and changes in and uncertainties with respect to trade and export regulations, trade policies and sanctions, tariffs, and international trade disputes, including new and changing export regulations for certain exports to China and any retaliatory measures;
•positions taken by governmental agencies regarding possible national, commercial and/or security issues posed by the development, sale or export of certain products and technologies;
•political instability, natural disasters, regional or global health epidemics, social unrest, terrorism, acts of war or other geopolitical turmoil, or cybersecurity incidents in locations where Applied has operations, suppliers or sales, or that may influence the value chain of the industries that Applied serves;
•political and social attitudes, laws, rules, regulations and policies within countries that favor domestic companies over non-domestic companies, including customer- or government-supported efforts to promote the development and growth of local competitors;
•customer- or government-supported efforts to influence Applied to conduct more or less of its operations and sourcing in a particular country;
•variations among, and changes in, local, regional, national or international laws and regulations, including contract, intellectual property, cybersecurity, data privacy, labor, tax, and import/export laws, and the interpretation and application of such laws and regulations;
•ineffective or inadequate legal protection of intellectual property rights in certain countries;
•interruptions to Applied’s or its supplier’s supply chain;
•the availability or increasing costs of raw material, commodity, energy and shipping or volatility in such costs;
•delays or restrictions on personnel travel and in shipping materials or finished products between and within countries;
•geographically diverse operations and projects, and our ability to maintain appropriate business processes, procedures and internal controls, and comply with environmental, health and safety, anti-corruption and other regulatory requirements;
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•failure to effectively manage a diverse workforce with different experience levels, languages, cultures, customs, business practices and worker expectations, and differing employment practices and labor issues;
•variations in the ability to develop relationships with local customers, suppliers and governments;
•fluctuations in interest rates and currency exchange rates, including the relative strength or weakness of the U.S. dollar against the Japanese yen, Israeli shekel, euro, Taiwanese dollar, Singapore dollar, Chinese yuan or Korean won;
•the need to provide sufficient levels of technical support in different locations around the world;
•performance of third-party providers of outsourced functions, including certain engineering, software development, manufacturing, information technology and other activities;
•service interruptions from utilities, transportation, data hosting or telecommunications providers, or other events beyond our control;
•impacts of climate change on the operations of Applied, its customers and suppliers;
•challenges in hiring and integration of an increasing number of workers in new countries;
•the increasing need for a mobile workforce to work in or travel to different regions; and
•uncertainties with respect to economic growth rates in various countries, including for the manufacture and sale of semiconductors and displays in the developing economies of certain countries.
Global trade issues and changes in and uncertainties with respect to trade policies and export regulations, including import and export license requirements, trade sanctions, tariffs and international trade disputes, have adversely impacted and could further adversely impact our business and operations, and reduce the competitiveness of our products relative to local and global competitors.
We sell a significant majority of our products into jurisdictions outside of the United States including China, Taiwan, Japan and Korea. We also purchase a significant portion of equipment and supplies from suppliers outside of the United States. There is inherent risk, based on the complex relationships among the United States and the countries in which we conduct our business, that political, diplomatic, and national security factors can lead to global trade issues and changes in trade policies and export regulations, in particular, with respect to those affecting the semiconductor industry. The United States and other countries have imposed and may continue to impose new trade restrictions and export regulations, and have also levied tariffs and taxes on certain goods. Trade restrictions and export regulations, or increases in tariffs and additional taxes, including any retaliatory measures, can negatively impact end-user demand and customer investment in manufacturing equipment, increase our manufacturing costs, decrease margins, reduce the competitiveness of our products, or prohibit our ability to sell products, provide services or purchase necessary equipment and supplies, any or all of which could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations, or financial condition.
For example, certain international sales depend on our ability to obtain export licenses, and our inability to obtain such licenses has limited and could further limit our markets and negatively impact our business. The U.S. government recently announced new export regulations for U.S. semiconductor technology sold in China, including wafer fabrication equipment and related parts and services, which have limited the market for certain of our products, adversely impacted our revenues, and increased our exposure to foreign competition. The U.S. Department of Commerce has promulgated rules and regulations expanding export license requirements for U.S. companies that sell certain products to entities in China whose actions or functions are intended to support military end uses, eliminated certain export license exceptions that applied to exports of certain items to China, added certain Chinese companies to its “Entity List” and “Unverified List,” making those companies subject to additional licensing requirements, and expanded licensing requirements for exports to China of items for use in the development or production of integrated circuits and certain technologies. These rules and regulations require us to obtain additional export licenses to supply certain of our products or provide services to certain customers in China. Obtaining export licenses may be difficult, costly and time-consuming, and there is no assurance that we will be issued licenses that we apply for on a timely basis or at all. Our inability to obtain such licenses could limit our markets in China, may cause us to be displaced by foreign businesses and competitors and adversely affect our results of operations. The implementation and interpretation of these rules and other regulatory actions taken by the U.S. government is uncertain and evolving, and may make it more challenging for Applied to manage its operations and forecast its operating results. The U.S. and other governmental agencies may in the future promulgate new or additional export licensing or other requirements that have the effect of further limiting the Company’s ability to provide certain of its products and services to customers outside the U.S., including China. These and other regulatory changes that may occur in the future could materially and adversely affect our business, results of operations or financial condition.
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As a global business with customers, suppliers and operations in many countries around the world, Applied may from time to time receive inquiries from government authorities about transactions between Applied and certain foreign entities. For example, in August 2022, Applied received a subpoena from the U.S. Attorney’s Office for the District of Massachusetts requesting information relating to certain China customer shipments. We are cooperating fully with the government. These inquiries are subject to uncertainties, and we cannot predict the outcome of this inquiry, or any other governmental inquires or proceedings that may occur. Any violation or alleged violation of law or regulations could result in significant legal costs or in legal proceedings in which Applied or its employees could be subjected to fines and penalties and could result in restrictions on Applied’s business and damage to its reputation, and could have an adverse impact on its business operations, financial condition and results of operations.
Furthermore, government authorities may take retaliatory actions, impose conditions that require the use of local suppliers or partnerships with local companies, require the license or other transfer of intellectual property, or engage in other efforts to promote local businesses and local competitors, which could have a significant adverse impact on Applied’s business. Many of these challenges are present in China and Korea, markets that represent a significant portion of Applied’s business.
Applied is exposed to risks associated with a highly concentrated customer base.
Applied’s customer base is highly concentrated and has become increasingly so as a result of continued consolidation. Applied’s customer base is also geographically concentrated, particularly in China, Taiwan and Korea. A relatively limited number of manufacturers account for a substantial portion of Applied’s business. As a result, the actions of even a single customer or export regulations that apply to customers in certain countries, such as those in China, have exposed and can further expose Applied’s business and results of operations to greater volatility. The geographic concentration of Applied’s customer base could shift over time as a result of government policy and incentives to develop regional semiconductor industries. The mix and type of customers, and sales to any single customer, including as a result of changes in government policy, have varied and may vary significantly from quarter to quarter and from year to year, and have had, and may continue to have, a significant impact on Applied’s net sales, gross margins and net income. Applied’s products are configured to customer specifications, and changing, rescheduling or canceling orders may result in significant, non-recoverable costs. If customers do not place orders, or they substantially reduce, delay or cancel orders (including as a result of uncertain or adverse economic conditions, our inability to fulfill orders due to export regulations, shortage of parts, transportation capacity/interruptions or any other reason), Applied may not be able to replace the business, which may have a significant adverse impact on its results of operations and financial condition. The concentration of Applied’s customer base increases its risks related to the financial condition of its customers, and the deterioration in financial condition of a single customer or the failure of a single customer to perform its obligations could have a material adverse effect on Applied’s results of operations and cash flow. To the extent its customers experience liquidity constraints, Applied may incur bad debt expense, which may have a significant impact on its results of operations. Major customers may also seek pricing, payment, intellectual property-related, or other commercial terms that are less favorable to Applied, which may have a negative impact on Applied’s business, cash flow, revenue and gross margins.
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Supply chain disruptions, manufacturing interruptions or delays, or the failure to accurately forecast customer demand, could affect Applied’s ability to meet customer demand, lead to higher costs, or result in excess or obsolete inventory.
Applied’s business depends on its timely supply of equipment, services and related products to meet the changing technical and volume requirements of its customers, which depends in part on the timely delivery of parts, materials and services, including components and subassemblies, from suppliers and contract manufacturers. Significant and sudden increases in demand for Applied’s products, as well as worldwide demand for electronic products, have resulted in, and may continue to result in, a shortage of parts, materials and services needed to manufacture Applied’s products. Such shortages, as well as delays in and unpredictability of shipments due to transportation interruptions, have adversely impacted, and may continue to adversely impact, our suppliers’ ability to meet our demand requirements. Difficulties in obtaining sufficient and timely supply of parts, materials or services, and delays in and unpredictability of shipments due to transportation interruptions, have adversely impacted, and may continue to adversely impact, Applied’s manufacturing operations and its ability to meet customer demand. Moreover, lockdowns that may from time to time be imposed in various geographic regions in response to periodic spikes in COVID-19 cases and related travel and logistics restrictions may result in additional supply chain and transportation disruptions, production delays, capacity limitations and cost increases. Our operating results may be adversely impacted if we are unable to obtain parts, materials or services needed to manufacture Applied’s products, or if we are unable to do so on a timely manner or on favorable terms. Ongoing supply chain constraints may continue to increase costs of logistics and parts for our products and may cause us to pass on increased costs to our customers. Such increase in costs may lead to reduced demand for our products and materially adversely impact our operating results. Some key parts are subject to long lead-times or available only from a single supplier or limited group of suppliers, and some sourcing or subassembly is provided by suppliers located in countries other than the countries where Applied conducts its manufacturing. Supply chain disruptions have caused and may continue to cause delays in our equipment production and delivery schedules, which can lead to our business performance becoming significantly dependent on quarter-end production and delivery schedules, and could have an adverse impact on our operating and financial results. Volatility of demand for manufacturing equipment can also increase capital, technical, operational and other risks for Applied and for companies throughout its supply chain, and may cause some suppliers to exit businesses, or scale back or cease operations, which could impact our ability to meet customer demand.
Applied may also experience significant interruptions of its manufacturing operations, delays in its ability to deliver or install products or services, increased costs, customer order cancellations or reduced demand for its products as a result of:
•global trade issues and changes in and uncertainties with respect to trade and export regulations, trade policies and sanctions, tariffs, and international trade disputes, including new and changing export regulations for certain exports to China, where a significant portion of Applied’s supply chain is located, and any retaliatory measures, that adversely impact Applied or its direct or sub-tier suppliers;
•the failure or inability to accurately forecast demand and obtain sufficient quantities of quality parts on a cost-effective basis;
•volatility in the availability and cost of parts, commodities, energy and shipping related to our products, including increased costs due to rising inflation or interest rates or other market conditions;
•difficulties or delays in obtaining required import or export licenses and approvals;
•shipment delays due to transportation interruptions or capacity constraints;
•a worldwide shortage of semiconductor components as a result of sharp increases in demand for semiconductor products in general;
•information technology or infrastructure failures, including those of a third party supplier or service provider; and
•natural disasters, the impacts of climate change, or other events beyond Applied’s control (such as earthquakes, utility interruptions, tsunamis, hurricanes, typhoons, floods, storms or extreme weather conditions, fires, regional economic downturns, regional or global health epidemics, including the COVID-19 pandemic, geopolitical turmoil, increased trade restrictions between the U.S. and China and other countries, social unrest, political instability, terrorism, or acts of war) in locations where it or its customers or suppliers have manufacturing, research, engineering or other operations.
If a supplier fails to meet Applied’s requirements concerning quality, cost, intellectual property protection, socially-responsible business practices, or other performance factors, Applied may transfer its business to alternative sources. Transferring business to alternative suppliers could result in manufacturing delays, additional costs or other difficulties, and may impair Applied’s ability to protect, enforce and extract the full value of its intellectual property rights, as well as the intellectual property rights of its customers’ and other third parties. These outcomes could have an adverse impact on its business and competitive position and subject Applied to legal proceedings and claims. In addition, if Applied is unable to meet its customers’ demand for a prolonged period due to its inability to obtain certain parts or components from suppliers on a timely basis or at all, its business, results of operations and customer relationships could be adversely impacted.
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In addition, if Applied needs to rapidly increase its business and manufacturing capacity to meet increases in demand or expedited shipment schedules, this may strain Applied’s manufacturing and supply chain operations, and negatively impact Applied’s working capital. Moreover, if actual demand for Applied’s products is different than expected, Applied may purchase more or fewer parts than necessary or incur costs for canceling, postponing or expediting delivery of parts. If Applied purchases or commits to purchase inventory in anticipation of customer demand that does not materialize, or such inventory is rendered obsolete by the rapid pace of technological change, or if customers reduce, delay or cancel orders, Applied may incur excess or obsolete inventory charges.
The continued effects of the COVID-19 pandemic and global measures taken in response have adversely impacted, and may continue to adversely impact, Applied’s operations and financial results.
The continued effects of the COVID-19 pandemic and measures taken in response by governments and businesses worldwide to contain its spread have adversely impacted and may continue to adversely impact Applied’s supply chain, manufacturing, logistics, workforce and operations, as well as the operations of Applied’s customers, suppliers and partners globally. There is continued uncertainty regarding the duration, scope and severity of the pandemic, particularly with the emergence of new variants of COVID-19 and periodic spikes in COVID-19 cases in various geographic regions, and the impacts on our business and the global economy from the effects of the pandemic and response measures. Travel and logistics restrictions, lockdowns, vaccine requirements and other measures from time to time implemented by foreign and domestic authorities have resulted in, and may continue to result in, supply chain and transportation disruptions, production delays and capacity limitations at Applied and some of its customers, suppliers and partners, as well as reduced workforce availability or productivity at Applied and customer sites, and additional data, information and cyber security risks associated with an extensive workforce working remotely.
As economic activity and business operations in certain regions recover, there have been and may continue to be periods of significant or sudden increases in demand for Applied’s products, as well as worldwide demand for electronic products. Significant or sudden demand increases have resulted in, and may continue to result in, a shortage of parts, materials or services needed to manufacture Applied’s products. We have also experienced, and may continue to experience, shipment delays due to transportation interruptions or capacity constraints. Such shortages or delays have adversely impacted, and could continue to adversely impact, our suppliers’ ability to meet our demand requirements and do so on favorable terms, and our ability to meet our customer demand. There can be no assurance that Applied or its suppliers will be able to maintain manufacturing operations at levels necessary to adequately address demand for Applied products. In addition, the pandemic and measures taken in response thereto have had, and may continue to have, a significant adverse impact on the global economic activity and could also result in a reduced demand for our products, delayed deliveries or installation, cancelled orders or increase in logistics and operating costs, and materially and adversely affect Applied’s business, financial condition and results of operations.
The degree to which the pandemic ultimately impacts Applied’s business, financial condition and results of operations and the global economy will depend on future developments beyond our control, which are highly uncertain and difficult to predict, including the severity, duration and any resurgence of the pandemic, the extent, duration and effectiveness of periodic lockdowns and other containment actions, the availability, public adoption and efficacy of COVID vaccines, how quickly and to what extent normal economic and operating activity can resume, and the severity and duration of resulting global economic volatility.
Applied is exposed to risks as a result of ongoing changes in the various industries in which it operates.
The global semiconductor, display and related industries in which Applied operates are characterized by ongoing changes affecting some or all of these industries that impact demand for and the profitability of Applied’s products and its consolidated results of operations, including:
•the nature, timing and degree of visibility of changes in end demand for electronic products, including those related to fluctuations in consumer buying patterns tied to general economic conditions, seasonality or the introduction of new products, and the effects of these changes on customers’ businesses and on demand for Applied’s products;
•increasing capital requirements for building and operating new fabrication plants and customers’ ability to raise the necessary capital;
•trade, regulatory, tax or government incentive policies impacting the timing of customers’ investment in new or expanded fabrication plants;
•differences in growth rates among the semiconductor, display and other industries in which Applied operates;
•the increasing importance of establishing, improving and maintaining strong relationships with customers;
•the increasing cost and complexity for customers to move from product design to volume manufacturing, which may slow the adoption rate of new manufacturing technology;
•the need for customers to continually reduce the total cost of manufacturing system ownership;
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•the heightened importance to customers of system reliability and productivity and the effect on demand for fabrication systems as a result of their increasing productivity, device yield and reliability;
•manufacturers’ ability to reconfigure and re-use fabrication systems which can reduce demand for new equipment;
•the increasing importance of, and difficulties in, developing products with sufficient differentiation to influence customers’ purchasing decisions;
•requirements for shorter cycle times for the development, manufacture and installation of manufacturing equipment;
•price and performance trends for semiconductor devices and displays, and the corresponding effect on demand for such products;
•the increasing importance of the availability of spare parts to maximize the time that customers’ systems are available for production;
•increasing government incentives for local suppliers;
•the increasing role for and complexity of software in Applied products; and
•the increasing focus on reducing energy usage and improving the environmental impact and sustainability associated with manufacturing operations.
Applied is exposed to risks as a result of ongoing changes specific to the semiconductor industry.
The largest proportion of Applied’s consolidated net sales and profitability is derived from sales of manufacturing equipment in the Semiconductor Systems segment to the global semiconductor industry. In addition, a majority of the revenues of Applied Global Services is from sales to semiconductor manufacturers. The semiconductor industry is characterized by ongoing changes particular to this industry that impact demand for and the profitability of Applied’s semiconductor manufacturing equipment and service products, including:
•the increasing frequency and complexity of technology transitions and inflections, and Applied’s ability to timely and effectively anticipate and adapt to these changes;
•the increasing cost of research and development due to many factors, including shrinking geometries, the use of new materials, new and more complex device structures, more applications and process steps, increasing chip design costs, and the increasing cost and complexity of integrated manufacturing processes;
•the need to reduce product development time, despite the increasing difficulty of technical challenges;
•the growing number of types and varieties of semiconductors and number of applications across multiple substrate sizes;
•the increasing cost and complexity for semiconductor manufacturers to move more technically advanced capability and smaller geometries to volume manufacturing, and the resulting impact on the rates of technology transition and investment in capital equipment;
•challenges in generating organic growth given semiconductor manufacturers’ levels of capital expenditures and the allocation of capital investment to market segments that Applied does not serve, such as lithography, or segments where Applied’s products have lower relative market presence;
•customer investment in semiconductor manufacturing capabilities in China, which has been affected by changes in economic conditions and governmental regulations, including trade policies and export regulations;
•the importance of increasing market positions in segments with growing demand;
•semiconductor manufacturer’s ability to reconfigure and re-use equipment, resulting in diminished need to purchase new equipment and services from us, and challenges in providing parts for reused equipment;
•shorter cycle times between order placements by customers and product shipment require greater reliance on forecasting of customer investment, which may lead to inventory write-offs and manufacturing inefficiencies that decrease gross margin;
•competitive factors that make it difficult to enhance position, including challenges in securing development-tool-of-record (DTOR) and production-tool-of-record (PTOR) positions with customers;
•consolidation in the semiconductor industry, including among semiconductor manufacturers and among manufacturing equipment suppliers;
•shifts in sourcing strategies by computer and electronics companies, and manufacturing processes for advanced circuit technologies, that impact the equipment requirements of Applied’s foundry customers;
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•the concentration of new wafer starts in Korea and Taiwan, where Applied’s service penetration and service-revenue-per-wafer-start have been lower than in other regions;
•the increasing fragmentation of semiconductor markets, leading certain markets to become too small to support the cost of a new fabrication plant, while others require less technologically advanced products; and
•the growing importance of specialty markets (such as Internet of Things, communications, automotive, power and sensors) that use mature process technologies and have a low barrier to entry.
If Applied does not accurately forecast and allocate appropriate resources and investment towards addressing key technology changes and inflections, successfully develop and commercialize products to meet demand for new technologies, and effectively address industry trends, its business and results of operations may be adversely impacted.
Applied is exposed to risks as a result of ongoing changes specific to the display industry.
The global display industry historically has experienced considerable volatility in capital equipment investment levels, due in part to the limited number of display manufacturers, the concentrated nature of end-use applications, production capacity relative to end-use demand, and panel manufacturer profitability. Industry growth depends primarily on consumer demand for increasingly larger and more advanced TVs, and on demand for advanced smartphones and mobile device displays, which demand is highly sensitive to cost and improvements in technologies and features. The display industry is characterized by ongoing changes particular to this industry that impact demand for and the profitability of Applied’s display products and services, including:
•the importance of new types of display technologies, such as organic light-emitting diode (OLED), low temperature polysilicon (LTPS) and metal oxide transistor backplanes, flexible displays, and new touch panel films;
•the increasing cost of research and development, and complexity of technology transitions and inflections, and Applied’s ability to timely and effectively anticipate and adapt to these changes;
•the timing and extent of an expansion of manufacturing facilities in China, which may be affected by changes in economic conditions and governmental regulations, including trade policies and export regulations;
•the importance of increasing market positions in products and technologies with growing demand;
•the rate of transition to larger substrate sizes for TVs and to new display technologies for TVs, information technology products and mobile applications, and the resulting effect on capital intensity in the industry and on Applied’s product differentiation, gross margin and return on investment; and
•fluctuations in customer spending quarter over quarter and year over year for display manufacturing equipment, concentration of display manufacturer customers and their ability to successfully commercialize new products and technologies, and uncertainty with respect to future display technology end-use applications and growth drivers.
If Applied does not successfully develop and commercialize products to meet demand for new and emerging display technologies, or if industry demand for display manufacturing equipment and technologies slows, Applied’s business and its results of operations may be adversely impacted.
The industries in which Applied operates are highly competitive and subject to rapid technological and market changes.
Applied operates in a highly competitive environment in which innovation is critical, and its future success depends on many factors, including the development of new technologies and effective commercialization and customer acceptance of its equipment, services and related products, and its ability to increase its position in its current markets, expand into adjacent and new markets, and optimize operational performance. The development, introduction and support of a broadening set of products in a geographically diverse and competitive environment, and that may require greater collaboration with customers and other industry participants, have grown more complex and expensive over time. Furthermore, new or improved products may entail higher costs, longer development cycles, lower profits and may have unforeseen product design or manufacturing defects. To compete successfully, Applied must:
•identify and address technology inflections, market changes, competitor innovations, new applications, customer requirements and end-use demand in a timely and effective manner;
•develop new products and disruptive technologies, improve and develop new applications for existing products, and adapt products for use by customers in different applications and markets with varying technical requirements;
•differentiate its products from those of competitors, meet customers’ performance specifications (including those related to energy consumption and environmental impact more broadly), appropriately price products, and achieve market acceptance;
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•maintain operating flexibility to enable responses to changing markets, applications, customers and customer requirements;
•enhance its worldwide operations across its businesses to reduce cycle time, enable continuous quality improvement, reduce costs, and enhance design for manufacturability and serviceability;
•focus on product development and sales and marketing strategies that address customers’ high value problems and strengthen customer relationships;
•effectively allocate resources between its existing products and markets, the development of new products, and expanding into new and adjacent markets;
•improve the productivity of capital invested in R&D activities;
•accurately forecast demand, work with suppliers and meet production schedules for its products;
•improve its manufacturing processes and achieve cost efficiencies across product offerings;
•adapt to changes in value offered by companies in different parts of the supply chain;
•qualify products for evaluation and volume manufacturing with its customers; and
•implement changes in its design engineering methodology to reduce material costs and cycle time, increase commonality of platforms and types of parts used in different systems, and improve product life cycle management.
If Applied does not successfully anticipate technology inflections, develop and commercialize new products and technologies, and respond to changes in customer requirements and market trends, its business performance and results of operations may be adversely impacted.
Applied is exposed to risks associated with expanding into new and related markets and industries.
As part of its growth strategy, Applied seeks to expand into related or new markets and industries, either with its existing products or with new products developed internally, or those developed in collaboration with third parties, or obtained through acquisitions. Applied’s ability to successfully expand its business into new and related markets and industries may be adversely affected by a number of factors, including:
•the need to devote additional resources to develop new products for, and operate in, new markets;
•the need to develop new sales and technical marketing strategies, cultivate relationships with new customers and meet different customer service requirements;
•differing rates of profitability and growth among multiple businesses;
•Applied’s ability to anticipate demand, capitalize on opportunities, and avoid or minimize risks;
•the complexity of managing multiple businesses with variations in production planning, execution, supply chain management and logistics;
•the adoption of new business models, business processes and systems;
•the complexity of entering into and effectively managing strategic alliances or partnering opportunities;
•new materials, processes and technologies;
•the need to attract, motivate and retain employees with skills and expertise in these new areas;
•new and more diverse customers and suppliers, including some with limited operating histories, uncertain or limited funding, evolving business models or locations in regions where Applied does not have, or has limited, operations;
•new or different competitors with potentially more financial or other resources, industry experience and established customer relationships;
•entry into new industries and countries, with differing levels of government involvement, laws and regulations, and business, employment and safety practices and requirements;
•third parties’ intellectual property rights; and
•the need to comply with, or work to establish, industry standards and practices.
In addition, Applied from time to time receives funding from United States and other government agencies for certain strategic development programs to increase its research and development resources and address new market opportunities. As a condition to this government funding, Applied is often subject to certain record-keeping, audit, intellectual property rights-sharing, and/or other obligations.
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Operational and Financial Risks
Applied is exposed to various risks related to protection and enforcement of intellectual property rights.
Applied’s success depends in significant part on the protection of its technology using patents, trade secrets, copyrights and other intellectual property rights. Infringement or misappropriation of Applied’s intellectual property rights, such as the unauthorized manufacture or sale of equipment or spare parts, could result in uncompensated lost market and revenue opportunities for Applied. Monitoring and detecting any unauthorized use of intellectual property is difficult and costly and Applied cannot be certain that the protective measures it has implemented will completely prevent misuse. Applied’s ability to enforce its intellectual property rights is subject to litigation risks, as well as uncertainty as to the protection and enforceability of those rights in some countries. If Applied seeks to enforce its intellectual property rights, it may be subject to claims that those rights are invalid or unenforceable, and others may seek counterclaims against Applied, which could have a negative impact on its business. If Applied is unable to enforce and protect intellectual property rights, or if they are circumvented, rendered obsolete or invalidated by the rapid pace of technological change, or stolen or misappropriated by employees or third parties, it could have an adverse impact on its competitive position and business. In addition, changes in intellectual property laws or their interpretation may impact Applied’s ability to protect and assert its intellectual property rights, increase costs and uncertainties in the prosecution of patent applications or related enforcement actions, and diminish the value and competitive advantage conferred by Applied’s intellectual property assets.
Third parties may also assert claims against Applied and its products. Claims that Applied’s products infringe the rights of others, whether or not meritorious, can be expensive and time-consuming to defend and resolve, and may divert the efforts and attention of management and personnel. The inability to obtain rights to use third party intellectual property on commercially reasonable terms could have an adverse impact on Applied’s business. In addition, Applied may face claims based on the theft or unauthorized use or disclosure of third-party trade secrets and other confidential business information. Any such incidents and claims could severely harm Applied’s business and reputation, result in significant expenses, harm its competitive position, and prevent Applied from selling certain products, all of which could have a significant adverse impact on Applied’s business and results of operations.
Applied is exposed to risks related to cybersecurity threats and incidents.
In the conduct of its business, Applied collects, uses, transmits and stores data on information technology systems, including systems owned and maintained by Applied or its third-party providers. These data include confidential information and intellectual property belonging to Applied or its customers or other business partners, as well as personal information of individuals. All information technology systems are subject to disruption, breach or failure. Applied and its third-party providers have experienced, and expect to continue to experience, cybersecurity incidents, some of which have been, and may continue to be, successful. These cybersecurity incidents may range from employee error or misuse or unauthorized use of information technology systems or confidential information, to individual attempts to gain unauthorized access to these information systems, to sophisticated cybersecurity attacks, known as advanced persistent threats, any of which may target the Company directly or indirectly through its third party providers and global supply chain. Globally, cybersecurity attacks are increasing in number and the attackers are increasingly organized and well-financed, or at times supported by state actors. In addition, geopolitical tensions or conflicts, such as Russia’s invasion of Ukraine or increasing tension with China, may create a heightened risk of cybersecurity attacks. Although no such cybersecurity incident has been material to the Company to date, Applied continues to devote significant resources to network security, data encryption, and other measures to protect its systems and data from unauthorized access or misuse, and it may be required to expend greater resources in the future, especially in the face of continuously evolving and increasingly sophisticated cybersecurity threats and privacy and data protection laws. Applied may be unable to anticipate, prevent or remediate future attacks, and in some instances Applied may be unaware of a cybersecurity incident or its magnitude and effects, particularly as attackers are becoming increasingly able to circumvent controls and remove forensic evidence. Depending on their nature and scope, cybersecurity incidents may result in business disruption, such as delay in the development and delivery of Applied’s products or disruption of Applied’s manufacturing processes, internal communications, interactions with customers and suppliers and processing and reporting financial results; the theft or misappropriation of intellectual property; corruption, loss of, or inability to access (e.g., through ransomware or denial of service) confidential information and critical data (i.e., that of Applied and its third party providers and customers); reputational damage; litigation or regulatory enforcement action related to contractual or regulatory privacy, cybersecurity, data protection, or other confidentiality obligations; diminution in the value of Applied’s investment in research, development and engineering; and increased costs associated with the implementation of cybersecurity measures to detect, deter, protect against, and recover from such incidents. Compliance with, and changes to, laws and regulations concerning privacy, cybersecurity, and data protection, including developing restrictions on cross-border data transfer, could result in significant expense, and any failure to comply could result in proceedings against Applied by regulatory authorities or other third parties. Further, customers and third-party providers increasingly demand rigorous contractual provisions regarding privacy, cybersecurity, data protection, confidentiality, and intellectual property, which may also increase our overall compliance burden.
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Applied is exposed to risks associated with business combinations, acquisitions, strategic investments and divestitures.
Applied engages in acquisitions of or investments in companies, technologies or products in existing, related or new markets for Applied. Business combinations, acquisitions and investments involve numerous risks to Applied’s business, financial condition and operating results, including but not limited to:
•inability to complete proposed transactions timely or at all due to the failure to obtain regulatory or other approvals, litigation or other disputes, and any ensuing obligation to pay a termination fee;
•diversion of management’s attention and disruption of ongoing businesses;
•the failure to realize expected revenues, gross and operating margins, net income and other returns from acquired businesses;
•requirements imposed by government regulators in connection with their review of a transaction, which may include, among other things, divestitures and restrictions on the conduct of Applied’s existing business or the acquired business;
•following completion of acquisitions, ineffective integration of businesses, operations, systems, digital and physical security, technologies, products, employees, compliance programs, changes in laws or regulations, including tax laws, or other factors, may impact the ability to realize anticipated synergies or other benefits;
•failure to commercialize technologies from acquired businesses or developed through strategic investments;
•dependence on unfamiliar supply chains or relatively small supply partners;
•inability to capitalize on characteristics of new markets that may be significantly different from Applied’s existing markets and where competitors may have stronger market positions and customer relationships;
•failure to retain and motivate key employees of acquired businesses;
•the potential impact of the announcement or consummation of a proposed transaction on relationships with third parties;
•potential changes in Applied’s credit rating, which could adversely impact the Company’s access to and cost of capital;
•reductions in cash balances or increases in debt obligations to finance activities associated with a transaction, which increase interest expense, and reductions in cash balances, which reduce the availability of cash flow for general corporate or other purposes, including share repurchases and dividends;
•exposure to new operational risks, rules, regulations, worker expectations, customs and practices to the extent acquired businesses are located in regions where Applied has not historically conducted business;
•challenges associated with managing new, more diverse and more widespread operations, projects and people;
•inability to obtain and protect intellectual property rights in key technologies;
•inadequacy or ineffectiveness of an acquired company’s internal financial controls, disclosure controls and procedures, cybersecurity, privacy policies and compliance programs, or environmental, health and safety, anti-corruption, human resource, or other policies or practices;
•impairment of acquired intangible assets and goodwill as a result of changing business conditions, technological advancements or worse-than-expected performance of the segment;
•the risk of litigation or claims associated with a proposed or completed transaction;
•unknown, underestimated, undisclosed or undetected commitments or liabilities or non-compliance with laws, regulations or policies; and
•the inappropriate scale of acquired entities’ critical resources or facilities for business needs.
Applied also makes investments in other companies, including companies formed as joint ventures, which may decline in value or not meet desired objectives. The success of these investments depends on various factors over which Applied may have limited or no control and, particularly with respect to joint ventures, requires ongoing and effective cooperation with partners. In addition, new legislation, additional regulations or global economic or political conditions may affect or impair our ability to invest in certain countries or require us to obtain regulatory approvals to do so. Applied may not receive the necessary regulatory approvals or the approvals may come with significant conditions or obligations. The risks to Applied’s investment portfolio may be exacerbated by unfavorable financial market and macroeconomic conditions and, as a result, the value of the investment portfolio could be negatively impacted and lead to impairment charges.
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Applied continually assesses the strategic fit of its businesses and may from time to time seek to divest portions of its business that are not deemed to fit with its strategic plan. Some divestitures may take the form of Applied contributing assets to a joint venture, and thus are subject to the joint venture risks discussed above. In addition, divestitures involve significant risks and uncertainties, such as ability to sell such businesses on satisfactory price and terms and in a timely manner (including long and costly sales processes and the possibility of lengthy and potentially unsuccessful attempts by a buyer to receive required regulatory approvals), or at all, disruption to other parts of the businesses and distraction of management, allocation of internal resources that would otherwise be devoted to completing strategic acquisitions, loss of key employees or customers, exposure to unanticipated liabilities (including, among other things, those arising from representations and warranties made to a buyer regarding the businesses) or ongoing obligations to support the businesses following such divestitures, and other adverse financial impacts.
The ability to attract, retain and motivate key employees is vital to Applied’s success.
Applied’s success, competitiveness and ability to execute on its global strategies and maintain a culture of innovation depend in large part on its ability to attract, retain and motivate qualified employees and leaders with the necessary expertise and capabilities, representing diverse backgrounds and experiences. Achieving this objective may be difficult due to many factors, including fluctuations in global economic and industry conditions, management or organizational changes, increasing competition for talent, the availability of qualified employees in the markets, availability of career development opportunities, the ability to obtain necessary authorizations for workers to provide services outside their home countries, and the attractiveness of Applied’s compensation and benefit programs, including its share-based programs, and Applied’s employment policies, including the flexibility of its remote-work arrangements. We have experienced, and may continue to experience, increasing costs to attract and retain needed talent, driven by macro-economic conditions and a highly competitive labor market. If we are unable to attract, retain and motivate qualified employees and leaders, we may be unable to fully capitalize on current and new market opportunities, which could adversely impact Applied’s business and results of operations. The loss or retirement of employees presents particular challenges to the extent they involve the departure of knowledgeable and experienced employees and the resulting need to identify and train existing or new candidates to perform necessary functions, which may result in unexpected costs, reduced productivity, and/or difficulties with respect to internal processes and controls.
Applied is exposed to risks associated with operating in jurisdictions with complex and changing tax laws.
Applied is subject to income taxes in the United States and foreign jurisdictions. Significant judgment is required to determine and estimate worldwide tax liabilities. Applied’s provision for income taxes and effective tax rates could be affected by numerous factors, including changes in applicable tax laws, interpretations of applicable tax laws, amount and composition of pre-tax income in jurisdictions with differing tax rates, and valuation of deferred tax assets.
Beginning in fiscal 2023, the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act enacted on December 22, 2017 eliminates the option to deduct research and development expenditures currently and requires taxpayers to capitalize and amortize them over five or fifteen years. Although Congress is considering legislation that would defer the capitalization and amortization requirement, there is no assurance that the provision will be repealed or otherwise modified. If the requirement is not modified, it may increase Applied’s provision for income taxes and effective tax rates beginning in fiscal 2023.
On August 16, 2022, the U.S. government enacted the Inflation Reduction Act, which introduces a new 15% corporate minimum tax and includes an excise tax that would impose a 1% surcharge on stock repurchases, and which may impact Applied’s financial results beginning in fiscal 2024 and 2023, respectively.
There have been a number of proposed changes in the tax laws that, if enacted, would increase our tax liability. While it is too early to predict the outcome of these proposals, if enacted, they could have a material impact on our provision for income taxes and effective tax rate. An increase in Applied’s provision for income taxes and effective tax rate could, in turn, have a material adverse impact on Applied’s results of operations and financial condition.
Consistent with the international nature of its business, Applied conducts certain manufacturing, supply chain, and other operations in Asia, bringing these activities closer to customers and reducing operating costs. In certain foreign jurisdictions, conditional reduced income tax rates have been granted to Applied. To obtain the benefit of these tax incentives, Applied must meet requirements relating to various activities. Applied’s ability to realize benefits from these incentives could be materially affected if, among other things, applicable requirements are not met or Applied incurs net losses in these jurisdictions.
In addition, Applied is subject to examination by the U.S. Internal Revenue Service and other tax authorities, and from time to time amends previously filed tax returns. Applied regularly assesses the likelihood of favorable or unfavorable outcomes resulting from these examinations and amendments to determine the adequacy of its provision for income taxes, which requires estimates and judgments. Although Applied believes its tax estimates are reasonable, there can be no assurance that the tax authorities will agree with such estimates. Applied may have to engage in litigation to achieve the results reflected in the estimates, which may be time-consuming and expensive. There can be no assurance that Applied will be successful or that any final determination will not be materially different from the treatment reflected in Applied’s historical income tax provisions and effective tax rates.
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Applied’s indebtedness and debt covenants could adversely affect its financial condition and business.
Applied has $5.5 billion in aggregate principal amount of senior unsecured notes outstanding. Under the indenture governing the senior unsecured notes, it may be required to offer to repurchase the notes at a price equal to 101% of the principal amount, plus accrued and unpaid interest, upon a change of control of Applied and a contemporaneous downgrade of the notes below investment grade. Applied also has in place a $1.5 billion revolving credit facility. While no amounts were outstanding under this credit facility as of October 30, 2022, Applied may borrow amounts in the future under this credit facility. Applied may also enter into new financing arrangements. Applied’s ability to satisfy its debt obligations is dependent upon the results of its business operations and subject to other risks discussed in this section. Significant changes in Applied’s credit rating, disruptions in the global financial markets or changes in the interest rate environment could have a material adverse consequence on Applied’s access to and cost of capital for future financings, and financial condition. If Applied fails to satisfy its debt obligations, or comply with financial and other debt covenants, it may be in default and any borrowings may become immediately due and payable, and such default may also constitute a default under other of Applied’s obligations. There can be no assurance that Applied would have sufficient financial resources or be able to arrange financing to repay any borrowings at such time.
The failure to successfully implement enterprise resource planning and other information systems changes could adversely impact Applied’s business and results of operations.
Applied periodically implements new or enhanced enterprise resource planning and related information systems in order to better manage its business operations, align its global organizations and enable future growth. Implementation of new business processes and information systems requires the commitment of significant personnel, training and financial resources, and entails risks to Applied’s business operations. If Applied does not successfully implement enterprise resource planning and related information systems improvements, or if there are delays or difficulties in implementing these systems, Applied may not realize anticipated productivity improvements or cost efficiencies, and may experience interruptions in service and operational difficulties, such as its ability to track orders, timely manufacture and ship products, project inventory requirements, effectively manage its supply chain and allocate human resources, aggregate financial data and report operating results, and otherwise effectively manage its business, all of which could result in quality issues, reputational harm, lost market and revenue opportunities, and otherwise adversely affect Applied’s business, financial condition and results of operations.
Applied may incur impairment charges related to goodwill or long-lived assets.
Applied has a significant amount of goodwill and other acquired intangible assets related to acquisitions. Goodwill and purchased intangible assets with indefinite useful lives are not amortized, but are reviewed for impairment annually during the fourth quarter of each fiscal year, and more frequently when events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value of an asset may not be recoverable. The review compares the fair value for each of Applied’s reporting units to its associated carrying value, including goodwill. Factors that could lead to impairment of goodwill and intangible assets include adverse industry or economic trends, reduced estimates of future cash flows, declines in the market price of Applied common stock, changes in Applied’s strategies or product portfolio, and restructuring activities. Applied’s valuation methodology for assessing impairment requires management to make judgments and assumptions based on historical experience and projections of future operating performance. Applied may be required to record future charges to earnings during the period in which an impairment of goodwill or intangible assets is determined to exist.
Legal, Compliance, and Other Risks
Applied is exposed to various risks related to legal proceedings, claims and investigations.
Applied from time to time is, and in the future may be involved in legal proceedings or claims regarding patent infringement, trade secret misappropriation, and other intellectual property rights, trade, including import, export and customs, antitrust, environmental regulations, privacy, data protection, securities, contracts, product performance, product liability, unfair competition, employment, workplace safety, and other matters. Applied also may receive, and has received, inquiries, warrants, subpoenas, and other requests for information in connection with government investigations of potential or suspected violations of law or regulations by Applied and/or its employees. Applied also on occasion receives notification from customers who believe that Applied owes them indemnification, product warranty or has other obligations related to claims made against such customers by third parties.
Legal proceedings, claims, and government investigations, whether with or without merit, and internal investigations, may be time-consuming and expensive to prosecute, defend or conduct; divert management’s attention and other Applied resources; inhibit Applied’s ability to sell its products; result in adverse judgments for damages, injunctive relief, penalties and fines; and negatively affect Applied’s business. There can be no assurance regarding the outcome of current or future legal proceedings, claims or investigations.
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Applied is exposed to various risks related to the global regulatory environment.
As a public company with global operations, Applied is subject to the laws of the United States and multiple foreign jurisdictions and the rules and regulations of various governing bodies, which may differ among jurisdictions, including those related to financial and other disclosures, accounting standards, corporate governance, intellectual property, tax, trade (including import, export and customs), antitrust, environment, health and safety (including those relating to climate change), employment, immigration and travel regulations, privacy, data protection and localization, and anti-corruption. Changing, inconsistent or conflicting laws, rules and regulations, and ambiguities in their interpretation and application create uncertainty and challenges, and compliance with laws, rules and regulations may be onerous and expensive, divert management time and attention from revenue-generating activities, and otherwise adversely impact Applied’s business operations. Violations of law, rules and regulations, including, among others, those related to financial and other disclosures, trade, import and export regulations, antitrust, privacy, data protection, and anti-corruption, could result in fines, criminal penalties, restrictions on Applied’s business, and damage to its reputation, and could have an adverse impact on its business operations, financial condition and results of operations.
Applied’s environmental, social and governance commitments could result in additional costs, and our inability to achieve them could have an adverse impact on our reputation and performance.
From time to time Applied communicates its strategies, commitments and targets related to sustainability, carbon emissions, diversity and inclusion, human rights, and other environmental, social and governance matters. These strategies, commitments and targets reflect Applied’s current plans and aspirations, and Applied may be unable to achieve them. Changing customer sustainability requirements, as well as Applied’s sustainability targets, could cause Applied from time to time to alter its manufacturing, operations or equipment designs and processes, and incur substantial additional expense to meet such requirements and targets. Any failure to meet these sustainability requirements or targets could adversely impact the demand for Applied’s products and subject Applied to significant costs and liabilities and reputational risks that could adversely affect Applied’s business, financial condition and results of operations. In addition, standards and processes for measuring and reporting carbon emissions and other sustainability metrics may change over time, and may result in inconsistent data, or could result in significant revisions to our strategies, commitments and targets, or our ability to achieve them. Any scrutiny of our carbon emissions or other sustainability disclosures or our failure to achieve related strategies, commitments and targets could negatively impact our reputation or performance.
Applied is subject to risks associated with environmental, health and safety regulations.
Applied is subject to environmental, health and safety regulations in connection with its global business operations, including but not limited to: regulations related to the development, manufacture, sale, shipping and use of its products; handling, discharge, recycling and disposal of hazardous materials used in its products or in producing its products; the operation of its facilities; and the use of its real property. The failure or inability to comply with existing or future environmental, health and safety regulations could result in: significant remediation or other legal liabilities; the imposition of penalties and fines; restrictions on the development, manufacture, sale, shipping or use of certain of its products; limitations on the operation of its facilities or ability to use its real property; and a decrease in the value of its real property. Applied could also be required to alter its manufacturing, operations and product design, and incur substantial expense in order to comply with environmental, health and safety regulations. Any failure to comply with these regulations could subject Applied to significant costs and liabilities that could adversely affect Applied’s business, financial condition and results of operations.
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Item 1B: Unresolved Staff Comments
None.
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Item 2: Properties
Information concerning Applied’s properties is set forth below:
| (Square feet in thousands) | United States | Other Countries | Total | ||||||||||||||
| Owned | 5,500 | 2,652 | 8,152 | ||||||||||||||
| Leased | 2,466 | 1,801 | 4,267 | ||||||||||||||
| Total | 7,966 | 4,453 | 12,419 | ||||||||||||||
Because of the interrelation of Applied’s operations, properties within a country may be shared by the segments operating within that country. The Company’s headquarters offices are in Santa Clara, California. Products in Semiconductor Systems are manufactured primarily in Singapore; Austin, Texas; Gloucester, Massachusetts; and Rehovot, Israel. Remanufactured equipment products in the Applied Global Services segment are produced primarily in Austin, Texas. Products in the Display and Adjacent Markets segment are manufactured primarily in Tainan, Taiwan.
Applied also owns and leases facilities throughout the world for use as offices, plants and warehouses, and research and development centers, primarily in the United States, Taiwan, China, Israel and Singapore.
Applied also owns a total of approximately 279 acres of buildable land in the United States, Israel, Italy and India that could accommodate additional building space.
Applied considers the properties that it owns or leases as adequate to meet its current and future requirements. Applied regularly assesses the size, capability and location of its global infrastructure and periodically makes adjustments based on these assessments.
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Item 3: Legal Proceedings
The information set forth under “Legal Matters” in Note 16 of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements is incorporated herein by reference. See also “Risk Factors – Risks Related to Legal, Compliance, and Other Risks – Applied is exposed to various risks related to legal proceedings, claims and investigations.”
Item 4: Mine Safety Disclosures
None.
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PART II
Item 5: Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities
Market Information
Applied’s common stock is traded on the NASDAQ Global Select Market under the symbol AMAT. As of December 9, 2022, there were 2,825 registered holders of Applied common stock. Information regarding quarterly cash dividends declared on Applied Materials’ common stock during fiscal 2022, 2021 and 2020 may be found under “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations - Financial Condition, Liquidity and Capital Resources”.
Performance Graph
The performance graph below shows the five-year cumulative total stockholder return on Applied common stock during the period from October 29, 2017 through October 30, 2022. This is compared with the cumulative total return of the Standard & Poor’s 500 Stock Index and the PHLX Semiconductor Index over the same period. The comparison assumes $100 was invested on October 29, 2017 in Applied common stock and in each of the foregoing indices and assumes reinvestment of dividends, if any. Dollar amounts in the graph are rounded to the nearest whole dollar. The performance shown in the graph represents past performance and should not be considered an indication of future performance.
The graph below assumes that the value of the investment in Applied’s common stock and in each of the indexes was $100 at October 29, 2017, and that all dividends were reinvested.
Copyright© 2022 Standard & Poor’s, a division of S&P global. All rights reserved.
| 10/29/2017 | 10/28/2018 | 10/27/2019 | 10/25/2020 | 10/31/2021 | 10/30/2022 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Applied Materials | 100.00 | 57.78 | 101.54 | 112.63 | 254.61 | 168.58 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| S&P 500 Index | 100.00 | 105.01 | 121.84 | 142.35 | 192.01 | 165.18 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| PHLX Semiconductor Index | 100.00 | 92.86 | 135.50 | 197.40 | 292.41 | 209.08 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities
In March 2022, Applied’s Board of Directors approved a common stock repurchase program authorizing $6.0 billion in repurchases, which supplemented the previously existing $7.5 billion authorization approved in March 2021.
The following table provides information as of October 30, 2022 with respect to the shares of common stock repurchased by Applied during the fourth quarter of fiscal 2022 pursuant to the foregoing Board authorization.
| Period | Total Number of Shares Purchased | Average Price Paid per Share | Aggregate Price Paid | Total Number of Shares Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Programs | Maximum Dollar Value of Shares That May Yet be Purchased Under the Programs | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (In millions, except per share amounts) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Month #1 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (August 1, 2022 to August 28, 2022) | 2.2 | $ | 106.73 | $ | 230 | 2.2 | $ | 6,192 | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Month #2 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (August 29, 2022 to September 25, 2022) | 5.4 | $ | 90.52 | 493 | 5.4 | $ | 5,699 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Month #3 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (September 26, 2022 to October 30, 2022) | 9.4 | $ | 82.36 | 777 | 9.4 | $ | 4,922 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total | 17.0 | $ | 88.05 | $ | 1,500 | 17.0 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Item 6: [Reserved]
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Item 7: Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
Introduction
Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (MD&A) is intended to facilitate an understanding of Applied’s business and results of operations. This MD&A should be read in conjunction with Applied’s Consolidated Financial Statements and the accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included elsewhere in this Form 10-K. The following discussion contains forward-looking statements and should also be read in conjunction with the cautionary statement set forth at the beginning of this Form 10-K. MD&A consists of the following sections:
•Applied's Pandemic Response
•Overview: a summary of Applied’s business and measurements
•Results of Operations: a discussion of operating results
•Segment Information: a discussion of segment operating results
•Recent Accounting Pronouncements: a discussion of new accounting pronouncements and its impact to Applied’s consolidated financial statements
•Financial Condition, Liquidity and Capital Resources: an analysis of cash flows, sources and uses of cash
•Contractual Obligations and Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements
•Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates: a discussion of critical accounting policies that require the exercise of judgments and estimates
•Non-GAAP Adjusted Results: a presentation of results reconciling GAAP to non-GAAP adjusted measures
Applied’s Pandemic Response
As the COVID-19 pandemic emerged in 2020, Applied Materials responded quickly to put in place precautionary measures to keep its workplaces healthy and safe, while ensuring compliance with orders and restrictions imposed by government authorities, everywhere Applied operates in the world. Applied’s top priority remains protecting the health and safety of its employees and their families, customers, suppliers and community. Applied continues to support workplace flexibility and will work to respond appropriately to the impact of COVID-19 on its business, its customers’ and suppliers’ businesses and its communities.
Overview
Applied provides manufacturing equipment, services and software to the semiconductor, display, and related industries. Applied’s customers include manufacturers of semiconductor wafers and chips, liquid crystal and organic light-emitting diode (OLED) displays, and other electronic devices. These customers may use what they manufacture in their own end products or sell the items to other companies for use in electronic products. Each of Applied’s segments is subject to variable industry conditions, as demand for manufacturing equipment and services can change depending on supply and demand for chips, display technologies, and other electronic devices, as well as other factors, such as global economic, political and market conditions, and the nature and timing of technological advances in fabrication processes.
Applied operates in three reportable segments: Semiconductor Systems, Applied Global Services, and Display and Adjacent Markets. A summary of financial information for each reportable segment is found in Note 17 of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements. A discussion of factors that could affect Applied’s operations is set forth under “Risk Factors” in Part I, Item 1A, which is incorporated herein by reference. Product development and manufacturing activities occur primarily in the United States, Europe, Israel, and Asia. Applied’s broad range of equipment and service products are highly technical and are sold primarily through a direct sales force.
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Applied’s results are driven primarily by customer spending on capital equipment and services to support key technology transitions or to increase production volume in response to worldwide demand for semiconductors and displays. Spending by semiconductor customers, which include companies that operate in the foundry, logic, memory, and other semiconductor chip markets, is driven by demand for electronic products, including smartphones and other mobile devices, servers, personal computers, automotive devices, storage, and other products. The growth of data and emerging end-market drivers such as artificial intelligence, the Internet of Things, 5G networks, smart vehicles and augmented and virtual reality are also creating the next wave of growth for the industry. As a result, products within the Semiconductor Systems segment are subject to significant changes in customer requirements, including transitions to smaller dimensions, increasingly complex chip architectures, new materials and an increasing number of applications. Demand for display manufacturing equipment spending depends primarily on consumer demand for increasingly larger and more advanced TVs as well as larger and higher resolution displays for next-generation mobile devices, and investments in new types of display technologies. While certain existing technologies may be adapted to new requirements, some applications create the need for an entirely different technological approach. The timing of customer investment in manufacturing equipment is also affected by the timing of next-generation process development and the timing of capacity expansion to meet end-market demand. In light of these conditions, Applied’s results can vary significantly year-over-year, as well as quarter-over-quarter.
Applied’s strategic priorities include developing products that help solve customers’ challenges at technology inflections; expanding its served market opportunities in the semiconductor and display industries; and growing its services business. Applied’s long-term growth strategy requires continued development of new materials engineering capabilities, including products and platforms that enable expansion into new and adjacent markets. Applied’s significant investments in research, development and engineering must generally enable it to deliver new products and technologies before the emergence of strong demand, thus allowing customers to incorporate these products into their manufacturing plans during early-stage technology selection. Applied works closely with its global customers to design systems and processes that meet their planned technical and production requirements.
The following table presents certain significant measurements for the past three fiscal years:
| Change | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2022 | 2021 | 2020 | 2022 over 2021 | 2021 over 2020 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (In millions, except per share amounts and percentages) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net sales | $ | 25,785 | $ | 23,063 | $ | 17,202 | $ | 2,722 | $ | 5,861 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Gross margin | 46.5 | % | 47.3 | % | 44.7 | % | (0.8) points | 2.6 points | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Operating income | $ | 7,788 | $ | 6,889 | $ | 4,365 | $ | 899 | $ | 2,524 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Operating margin | 30.2 | % | 29.9 | % | 25.4 | % | 0.3 points | 4.5 points | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Net income | $ | 6,525 | $ | 5,888 | $ | 3,619 | $ | 637 | $ | 2,269 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Earnings per diluted share | $ | 7.44 | $ | 6.40 | $ | 3.92 | $ | 1.04 | $ | 2.48 | |||||||||||||||||||
Fiscal 2022 and fiscal 2020 each contained 52 weeks, while fiscal 2021 contained 53 weeks.
Semiconductor equipment customers continued to make strategic investments in new technology transitions and new capacity during fiscal 2022. Foundry and logic spending increased in fiscal 2022 compared to fiscal 2021 driven by customer investments in both advanced and mature nodes. Overall spending by memory customers was flat in fiscal 2022 compared to fiscal 2021 as they continued to maintain balance between supply and demand and invested in new technology.
Applied saw continued growth in its services business in fiscal 2022 compared to fiscal 2021 driven by an increase in the installed base of equipment, the rate of customer equipment utilization, long-term service agreements and spares and legacy systems sales. Applied’s Display and Adjacent Markets revenue decreased in fiscal 2022 compared to fiscal 2021 primarily due to decreased investment in display manufacturing equipment for TVs and mobile products.
While customer demand increased during fiscal 2022 compared to fiscal 2021, supply chain and logistics constraints impacted Applied’s ability to fulfill demand in fiscal 2022. Although there have been improvements in supply chain performance, Applied expects some shortages to persist into fiscal 2023 and managing these supply chain constraints to increase shipments to customers remains a top priority.
In fiscal 2023, Applied expects memory customers’ spending to be lower as compared to fiscal 2022 due to some customers deferring capacity additions as a result of weakness in consumer electronics and personal computer markets. Advanced foundry and logic demand is expected to remain strong in fiscal 2023 as customers continue to invest in new technology.
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On October 7, 2022, the United States government announced new export regulations for U.S. semiconductor technology sold in China, including wafer fabrication equipment and related parts and services, that require export licenses and authorizations. These new export regulations resulted in lower net sales in China than expected for fiscal 2022. Applied is pursuing additional export licenses and authorizations where needed. While Applied currently estimates lower net sales to China of up to $2.5 billion and lower overall gross margin of up to 1% in fiscal 2023, Applied is continuing to assess the implication of these complex regulations to its business. See also “Risk Factors – Global trade issues and changes in and uncertainties with respect to trade policies and export regulations, including import and export license requirements, trade sanctions, tariffs and international trade disputes, have adversely impacted and could further adversely impact our business and operations, and reduce the competitiveness of our products relative to local and global competitors” for further details.
In response to the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic and evolving conditions and worldwide response, Applied made adjustments to its global operations and is actively managing its responses in collaboration with its employees, customers and suppliers. However, the situation remains fluid and uncertain. For additional risks associated with the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, see the risk factor entitled “The continued effects of COVID-19 pandemic and global measures taken in response have adversely impacted, and may continue to adversely impact, Applied’s operations and financial results” in Part I, Item 1A, “Risk Factors.”
Results of Operations
Net Sales
Net sales for the periods indicated were as follows:
| Change | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2022 | 2021 | 2020 | 2022 over 2021 | 2021 over 2020 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (In millions, except percentages) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Semiconductor Systems | $ | 18,797 | 73% | $ | 16,286 | 71% | $ | 11,367 | 66% | 15 | % | 43 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Applied Global Services | 5,543 | 22% | 5,013 | 22% | 4,155 | 24% | 11 | % | 21 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Display and Adjacent Markets | 1,331 | 5% | 1,634 | 7% | 1,607 | 9% | (19) | % | 2 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Corporate and Other | 114 | —% | 130 | —% | 73 | 1% | (12) | % | 78 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total | $ | 25,785 | 100% | $ | 23,063 | 100% | $ | 17,202 | 100% | 12 | % | 34 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
The Semiconductor Systems segment continued to represent the largest contributor of net sales. Net sales in fiscal 2022 compared to fiscal 2021 and fiscal 2021 compared to fiscal 2020 increased primarily due to increased customer investments in semiconductor equipment as well as customer spending on spares and comprehensive service agreements.
Net sales by geographic region, determined by the location of customers’ facilities to which products were shipped, were as follows:
| Change | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2022 | 2021 | 2020 | 2022 over 2021 | 2021 over 2020 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (In millions, except percentages) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| China | $ | 7,254 | 28% | $ | 7,535 | 33% | $ | 5,456 | 32% | (4) | % | 38 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Korea | 4,395 | 17% | 5,012 | 22% | 3,031 | 18% | (12) | % | 65 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Taiwan | 6,262 | 24% | 4,742 | 20% | 3,953 | 23% | 32 | % | 20 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Japan | 2,012 | 8% | 1,962 | 8% | 1,996 | 11% | 3 | % | (2) | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Southeast Asia | 1,084 | 4% | 677 | 3% | 411 | 2% | 60 | % | 65 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Asia Pacific | 21,007 | 81% | 19,928 | 86% | 14,847 | 86% | 5 | % | 34 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| United States | 3,104 | 12% | 2,038 | 9% | 1,619 | 10% | 52 | % | 26 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Europe | 1,674 | 7% | 1,097 | 5% | 736 | 4% | 53 | % | 49 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total | $ | 25,785 | 100% | $ | 23,063 | 100% | $ | 17,202 | 100% | 12 | % | 34 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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The increases in net sales in all regions other than China and Korea in fiscal 2022 compared to fiscal 2021 primarily reflected changes in semiconductor equipment spending and customer spending on comprehensive service agreements. The decrease in net sales to customers in China for fiscal 2022 compared to fiscal 2021 primarily reflected decreased investment in display manufacturing equipment and semiconductor equipment, partially offset by increased spending on spares and comprehensive service agreements. The decrease in net sales to customers in Korea for fiscal 2022 compared to fiscal 2021 primarily reflected decreased investment in semiconductor equipment, partially offset by increased investment in display manufacturing equipment.
The changes in net sales in all regions in fiscal 2021 compared to fiscal 2020 primarily reflected changes in investments in semiconductor manufacturing equipment and customer spending on comprehensive service agreements. The decrease in net sales to customers in Japan for fiscal 2021 compared to fiscal 2020 primarily reflected a decrease in investments in semiconductor manufacturing equipment, partially offset by an increase in customer spending on comprehensive service agreements.
Gross margins for the periods indicated were as follows:
| Change | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2022 | 2021 | 2020 | 2022 over 2021 | 2021 over 2020 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (In millions, except percentages) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Gross margin | 46.5 | % | 47.3 | % | 44.7 | % | (0.8) points | 2.6 points | |||||||||||||||||||||
Gross margin in fiscal 2022 decreased compared to fiscal 2021 primarily driven by higher material, freight, and logistics costs and higher personnel costs due to an increase in headcount to provide manufacturing capacity and flexibility, partially offset by favorable changes in product mix and an increase in average selling prices.
Gross margin in fiscal 2021 increased compared to fiscal 2020 primarily due to the increase in net sales and favorable changes in customer and product mix, partially offset by higher freight costs and higher personnel costs due to an increase in headcount to provide manufacturing capacity and flexibility.
Gross margin during fiscal 2022, 2021 and 2020 included $147 million, $118 million and $103 million, respectively, of share-based compensation expense.
Research, Development and Engineering
Research, Development and Engineering (RD&E) expenses for the periods indicated were as follows:
| Change | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2022 | 2021 | 2020 | 2022 over 2021 | 2021 over 2020 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (In millions) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Research, development and engineering | $ | 2,771 | $ | 2,485 | $ | 2,234 | $ | 286 | $ | 251 | |||||||||||||||||||
Applied’s future operating results depend to a considerable extent on its ability to maintain a competitive advantage in the equipment and service products it provides. Development cycles range from 12 to 36 months depending on whether the product is an enhancement of an existing product, which typically has a shorter development cycle, or a new product, which typically has a longer development cycle. Most of Applied’s existing products resulted from internal development activities and innovations involving new technologies, materials and processes. In certain instances, Applied acquires technologies, either in existing or new product areas, to complement its existing technology capabilities and to reduce time to market.
Management believes that it is critical to continue to make substantial investments in RD&E to assure the availability of innovative technology that meets the current and projected requirements of its customers’ most advanced designs. Applied has maintained and intends to continue its commitment to investing in RD&E in order to continue to offer new products and technologies.
Applied continued its RD&E investments across Semiconductor Systems and Display and Adjacent Markets on the development of new unit process systems and integrated materials solutions. Areas of investment include etch, deposition, metrology and inspection, patterning, packaging and other technologies to improve chip performance, power, area, cost and time-to-market. In Display and Adjacent Markets, RD&E investments were focused on expanding the Company’s market opportunity with new display technologies.
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The increases in RD&E expenses during fiscal 2022 compared to fiscal 2021 were primarily due to additional headcount, higher consumable and equipment costs associated with ongoing product development and share-based compensation expense. The increases in RD&E expenses during fiscal 2021 compared to fiscal 2020 were primarily due to additional headcount and higher expense associated with share-based compensation and variable compensation. These increases reflect Applied’s ongoing investments in product development initiatives, consistent with the Company’s growth strategy. Applied continued to prioritize existing RD&E investments in technical capabilities and critical research and development programs in current and new markets, with a focus on semiconductor technologies.
RD&E expenses during fiscal 2022, 2021 and 2020 included $151 million, $129 million and $116 million, respectively, of share-based compensation expense.
Marketing and Selling
Marketing and selling expenses for the periods indicated were as follows:
| Change | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2022 | 2021 | 2020 | 2022 over 2021 | 2021 over 2020 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (In millions) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Marketing and selling | $ | 703 | $ | 609 | $ | 526 | $ | 94 | $ | 83 | |||||||||||||||||||
Marketing and selling expenses for fiscal 2022 increased compared to fiscal 2021 primarily due to additional headcount. Marketing and selling expenses for fiscal 2021 increased compared to fiscal 2020 primarily due to additional headcount and higher variable compensation. Marketing and selling expenses for fiscal years 2022, 2021 and 2020 included $49 million, $43 million and $36 million, respectively, of share-based compensation expense.
General and Administrative
General and administrative (G&A) expenses for the periods indicated were as follows:
| Change | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2022 | 2021 | 2020 | 2022 over 2021 | 2021 over 2020 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (In millions) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| General and administrative | $ | 735 | $ | 620 | $ | 567 | $ | 115 | $ | 53 | |||||||||||||||||||
G&A expenses in fiscal 2022 increased compared to fiscal 2021 primarily due to additional headcount and higher travel related expenses. G&A expenses in fiscal 2021 increased compared to fiscal 2020 primarily due to additional headcount and higher variable compensation.
G&A expenses during fiscal 2022, 2021 and 2020 included $66 million, $56 million and $52 million, respectively, of share-based compensation expense.
Severance and Related Charges
Severance and related charges for the periods indicated were as follows:
| Change | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2022 | 2021 | 2020 | 2022 over 2021 | 2021 over 2020 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (In millions) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Severance and related charges | $ | (4) | $ | 157 | $ | — | $ | (161) | $ | 157 | |||||||||||||||||||
In the first quarter of fiscal 2021, Applied enacted a severance plan (Fiscal 2021 Severance Plan) to realign its workforce. Under this plan, Applied implemented a one-time voluntary retirement program and other workforce reduction actions. The voluntary retirement program was available to certain U.S. employees who met minimum age and length of service requirements, as well as other business-specific criteria. In addition, Applied implemented other workforce reduction actions globally across the Display and Adjacent Markets business.
Deal Termination Fee
Operating income (loss) for fiscal 2021 included a $154 million deal termination fee associated with the termination of a Share Purchase Agreement with Kokusai Electric Corporation and KKR HKE Investment L. P. during the second quarter of
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fiscal 2021.
Interest Expense and Interest and Other Income (loss), net
Interest expense and interest and other income (loss), net for the periods indicated were as follows:
| Change | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2022 | 2021 | 2020 | 2022 over 2021 | 2021 over 2020 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (In millions) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Interest expense | $ | 228 | $ | 236 | $ | 240 | $ | (8) | $ | (4) | |||||||||||||||||||
| Interest and other income, net | $ | 39 | $ | 118 | $ | 41 | $ | (79) | $ | 77 | |||||||||||||||||||
Interest expense incurred was primarily associated with the senior unsecured notes. Interest expense in fiscal 2022 remained relatively flat compared fiscal 2021 and fiscal 2020 due to the average principal balance of the senior unsecured notes remained consistent at $5.5 billion in each of the last three years.
Interest and other income, net in fiscal 2022 decreased compared to fiscal 2021, primarily driven by higher net loss from equity investments, partially offset by higher interest income during fiscal 2022 compared to fiscal 2021. Interest and other income, net in fiscal 2021 increased compared to fiscal 2020, primarily driven by a higher net gain from equity investments, partially offset by lower interest income during fiscal 2021 compared to fiscal 2020.
Income Taxes
Provision for income taxes and effective tax rates for the periods indicated were as follows:
| Change | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2022 | 2021 | 2020 | 2022 over 2021 | 2021 over 2020 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (In millions, except percentages) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Provision for income taxes | $ | 1,074 | $ | 883 | $ | 547 | $ | 191 | $ | 336 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Effective income tax rate | 14.1 | % | 13.0 | % | 13.1 | % | 1.1 | points | (0.1) | points | |||||||||||||||||||
Applied’s provision for income taxes and effective tax rate are affected by the geographical composition of pre-tax income which includes jurisdictions with differing tax rates, conditional reduced tax rates and other income tax incentives. It is also affected by events that vary from period to period, such as changes in income tax laws and the resolution of prior years’ income tax filings.
The effective tax rate for fiscal 2022 was higher than fiscal 2021 primarily due to a reduction of deferred tax assets related to a new tax incentive in Singapore, partially offset by changes in uncertain tax positions. Applied’s effective tax rate for fiscal 2021 was slightly lower than fiscal 2020 primarily due to higher proportion of pre-tax income in lower tax jurisdictions, partially offset by resolutions of prior years’ income tax filings.
On August 9, 2022, the U.S. government enacted the U.S. CHIPS and Science Act (“CHIPS Act”). The CHIPS Act creates a 25% investment tax credit for certain investments in domestic semiconductor manufacturing. The credit is provided for qualifying property, which is placed in service after December 31, 2022, and any impact to Applied would start in fiscal 2023.
On August 16, 2022, the U.S. government enacted the Inflation Reduction Act. The Inflation Reduction Act introduces a new 15% corporate minimum tax, based on adjusted financial statement income of certain large corporations. Applicable corporations would be allowed to claim a credit for the minimum tax paid against regular tax in future years. The minimum tax impacts Applied starting in fiscal 2024. The Inflation Reduction Act also includes an excise tax that would impose a 1% surcharge on stock repurchases. This excise tax is effective January 1, 2023.
Applied is currently evaluating the effect the CHIPS Act and the Inflation Reduction Act will have on its consolidated financial statements.
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Segment Information
Applied reports financial results in three segments: Semiconductor Systems, Applied Global Services, and Display and Adjacent Markets. A description of the products and services, as well as financial data, for each reportable segment can be found in Note 17 of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
The Corporate and Other category includes revenues from products, as well as costs of products sold, for fabricating solar photovoltaic cells and modules and certain operating expenses that are not allocated to its reportable segments and are managed separately at the corporate level. These operating expenses include costs for share-based compensation; certain management, finance, legal, human resource, and RD&E functions provided at the corporate level; and unabsorbed information technology and occupancy. In addition, Applied does not allocate to its reportable segments restructuring, severance and asset impairment charges and any associated adjustments related to restructuring actions, unless these actions pertain to a specific reportable segment.
The results for each reportable segment are discussed below.
Semiconductor Systems Segment
The Semiconductor Systems segment is comprised primarily of capital equipment used to fabricate semiconductor chips. Semiconductor industry spending on capital equipment is driven by demand for electronic products, including smartphones and other mobile devices, servers, personal computers, automotive electronics, storage, and other products, and the nature and timing of technological advances in fabrication processes, and as a result is subject to variable industry conditions. Development efforts are focused on solving customers’ key technical challenges in transistor, interconnect, patterning and packaging performance.
Certain significant measures for the periods indicated were as follows:
| Change | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2022 | 2021 | 2020 | 2022 over 2021 | 2021 over 2020 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (In millions, except percentages and ratios) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net sales | $ | 18,797 | $ | 16,286 | $ | 11,367 | $ | 2,511 | 15 | % | $ | 4,919 | 43 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Operating income | $ | 6,969 | $ | 6,311 | $ | 3,714 | $ | 658 | 10 | % | $ | 2,597 | 70 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Operating margin | 37.1 | % | 38.8 | % | 32.7 | % | (1.7) points | 6.1 points | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Net sales for Semiconductor Systems by end use application for the periods indicated were as follows:
| 2022 | 2021 | 2020 | |||||||||||||||
| Foundry, logic and other | 66 | % | 60 | % | 59 | % | |||||||||||
| Dynamic random-access memory (DRAM) | 19 | % | 19 | % | 20 | % | |||||||||||
| Flash memory | 15 | % | 21 | % | 21 | % | |||||||||||
| 100 | % | 100 | % | 100 | % | ||||||||||||
Semiconductor equipment customers continued to make strategic investments in new technology transitions and new capacity during fiscal 2022. Foundry and logic spending increased in fiscal 2022 compared to fiscal 2021 driven by customer investment in both advanced and mature nodes. Spending by DRAM customers increased and flash memory customers decreased in fiscal 2022 compared to fiscal 2021 due to changes in investments in new technology and capacity. Operating margin for fiscal 2022 decreased compared to fiscal 2021, primarily driven by higher material, freight, logistics costs and higher personnel costs due to the hiring of additional headcount to provide manufacturing capacity and flexibility, partially offset by favorable changes in product mix and an increase in average selling prices. In fiscal 2022, three customers each accounted for at least 10 percent of this segment’s total net sales, and together they accounted for approximately 49 percent of this segment’s total net sales.
Foundry and logic spending increased in fiscal 2021 compared to fiscal 2020 driven by customer investment in both advanced and mature nodes. Spending by memory customers also increased in fiscal 2021 compared to the prior year. Operating margin for fiscal 2021 increased compared to fiscal 2020, primarily reflecting higher net sales and favorable changes in customer and product mix, partially offset by higher personnel costs due to the hiring of additional headcount to provide manufacturing capacity and flexibility, and higher freight costs.
There was no single region that accounted for at least 30 percent of total net sales for the Semiconductor Systems segment for any of the past three fiscal years.
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Applied Global Services Segment
The Applied Global Services segment provides integrated solutions to optimize equipment and fab performance and productivity, including spares, upgrades, services, certain remanufactured earlier generation equipment and factory automation software for semiconductor, display and solar products.
Demand for Applied Global Services’ solutions are driven by Applied’s large and growing installed base of manufacturing systems, and customers’ needs to shorten ramp times, improve device performance and yield, and optimize factory output and operating costs. Industry conditions that affect Applied Global Services’ sales of spares and services are primarily characterized by increases in semiconductor manufacturers’ wafer starts and higher utilization rates, growth of the installed base of equipment, growing service intensity of newer tools, and the Company’s ability to sell more comprehensive service agreements.
Certain significant measures for the periods indicated were as follows:
| Change | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2022 | 2021 | 2020 | 2022 over 2021 | 2021 over 2020 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (In millions, except percentages and ratios) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net sales | $ | 5,543 | $ | 5,013 | $ | 4,155 | $ | 530 | 11 | % | $ | 858 | 21 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Operating income | $ | 1,661 | $ | 1,508 | $ | 1,127 | $ | 153 | 10 | % | $ | 381 | 34 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Operating margin | 30.0 | % | 30.1 | % | 27.1 | % | (0.1) points | 3.0 points | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Net sales for fiscal 2022 increased compared to fiscal 2021 primarily due to higher customer spending on comprehensive service agreements, spares and legacy systems. Operating margin for fiscal 2022 decreased compared to fiscal 2021 primarily due to higher expense related to an increase in headcount to support business growth and higher freight costs, partially offset by higher net sales in fiscal 2022. In fiscal 2022, one customer accounted for at least 10 percent of this segment’s total net sales.
Net sales for fiscal 2021 increased compared to fiscal 2020 primarily due to higher customer spending on comprehensive service agreements and spares, and the impact of an additional one week during fiscal 2021. Operating margin for fiscal 2021 increased compared to fiscal 2020 primarily due to higher net sales, partially offset by higher expense related to an increase in headcount to support business growth and higher freight costs.
There was no single region that accounted for at least 30 percent of total net sales for the Applied Global Services segment for any of the past three fiscal years.
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Display and Adjacent Markets Segment
The Display and Adjacent Markets segment encompasses products for manufacturing liquid crystal and OLED displays, and other display technologies for TVs, monitors, laptops, personal computers, electronic tablets, smart phones, other consumer-oriented devices, equipment upgrades and solar energy cells. The segment is focused on expanding its presence through technologically-differentiated equipment for manufacturing large-scale LCD TVs, OLEDs, low temperature polysilicon (LTPS), metal oxide, and touch panel sectors; and development of products that provide customers with improved performance and yields.
Display industry growth depends primarily on consumer demand for increasingly larger and more advanced TVs as well as larger and higher resolution displays for next-generation mobile devices. Uneven spending patterns by customers in the Display and Adjacent Markets segment can cause significant fluctuations quarter-over-quarter, as well as year-over-year.
Certain significant measures for the periods presented were as follows:
| Change | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2022 | 2021 | 2020 | 2022 over 2021 | 2021 over 2020 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (In millions, except percentages and ratios) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net sales | $ | 1,331 | $ | 1,634 | $ | 1,607 | $ | (303) | (19) | % | $ | 27 | 2 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Operating income | $ | 260 | $ | 314 | $ | 291 | $ | (54) | (17) | % | $ | 23 | 8 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Operating margin | 19.5 | % | 19.2 | % | 18.1 | % | 0.3 points | 1.1 points | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Net sales for fiscal 2022 decreased compared to fiscal 2021 primarily due to lower customer investments in display manufacturing equipment for TVs and mobile products. Operating margin for fiscal 2022 increased compared to fiscal 2021 primarily due to reduction in headcount related costs as headcount moved to open positions within Semiconductor Systems and Applied Global Services segments, offset by higher material costs. In fiscal 2022, three customers each accounted for at least 10 percent of this segment’s net sales, and together they accounted for approximately 60 percent of this segment’s total net sales.
Net sales for fiscal 2021 remained relatively flat compared to fiscal 2020 primarily due to higher customer investment in display manufacturing equipment for TVs, offset by a decrease in customer investments in display manufacturing equipment for mobile products. Operating margin for fiscal 2021 increased compared to fiscal 2020 primarily due to higher net sales and favorable changes in customer and product mix.
The following region accounted for at least 30 percent of total net sales for the Display and Adjacent Markets segment for one or more of the periods presented:
| Change | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2022 | 2021 | 2020 | 2022 over 2021 | 2021 over 2020 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (In millions, except percentages) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| China | $ | 1,029 | 77 | % | $ | 1,361 | 83 | % | $ | 1,343 | 84 | % | $ | (332) | (24) | % | $ | 18 | 1 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Recent Accounting Pronouncements
For a description of recent accounting pronouncements, including the expected dates of adoption and estimated effects, if any, on Applied’s consolidated financial statements, see Note 1, “Summary of Significant Accounting Policies,” of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
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Financial Condition, Liquidity and Capital Resources
Applied’s cash, cash equivalents and investments consist of the following:
| October 30, 2022 | October 31, 2021 | ||||||||||
| (In millions) | |||||||||||
| Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 1,995 | $ | 4,995 | |||||||
| Short-term investments | 586 | 464 | |||||||||
| Long-term investments | 1,980 | 2,055 | |||||||||
| Total cash, cash-equivalents and investments | $ | 4,561 | $ | 7,514 | |||||||
Sources and Uses of Cash
A summary of cash provided by (used in) operating, investing, and financing activities is as follows:
| 2022 | 2021 | 2020 | |||||||||||||||
| (In millions) | |||||||||||||||||
| Cash provided by operating activities | $ | 5,399 | $ | 5,442 | $ | 3,804 | |||||||||||
| Cash used in investing activities | $ | (1,357) | $ | (1,216) | $ | (130) | |||||||||||
| Cash used in financing activities | $ | (7,043) | $ | (4,591) | $ | (1,337) | |||||||||||
Operating Activities
Cash from operating activities for fiscal 2022 was $5.4 billion, which reflects net income adjusted for the effect of non-cash charges and changes in working capital components. Non-cash charges included depreciation, amortization, severance and related charges, share-based compensation and deferred income taxes. Cash provided by operating activities remained relatively flat in fiscal 2022 compared to fiscal 2021 primarily due to higher inventory and income tax payments, partially offset by higher net income and lower year over year increase in accounts receivable. Cash provided by operating activities increased in fiscal 2021 compared to fiscal 2020 primarily due to higher net income, partially offset by an increase in the accounts receivable balance.
Applied has agreements with various financial institutions to sell accounts receivable and discount promissory notes from selected customers. Applied sells its accounts receivable generally without recourse. Applied, from time to time, also discounts letters of credit issued by customers through various financial institutions. The discounting of letters of credit depends on many factors, including the willingness of financial institutions to discount the letters of credit and the cost of such arrangements. Applied sold $1.0 billion, $1.3 billion and $1.2 billion of accounts receivable during fiscal 2022, 2021 and 2020, respectively. Applied did not discount letters of credit issued by customers in fiscal 2022 and 2021. Applied discounted letters of credit issued by customers of $105 million in fiscal 2020. There was no discounting of promissory notes in each of fiscal 2022, 2021 and 2020. Financing charges on the sale of receivables and discounting of letters of credit are included in interest expense in the accompanying Consolidated Statements of Operations and were not material for all years presented.
Applied’s working capital was $8.5 billion at October 30, 2022 and $9.8 billion at October 31, 2021.
Days sales outstanding at the end of fiscal 2022, 2021 and 2020 was 82 days, 74 days, and 57 days, respectively. Days sales outstanding varies due to the timing of shipments and payment terms. The increase in days sales outstanding at the end of fiscal 2022 was primarily due to higher accounts receivable balance as a result of the timing of customer payments and lower accounts receivables factoring compared to the end of fiscal 2021. The increase in days sales outstanding at the end of fiscal 2021 was primarily due to unfavorable revenue linearity and lower account receivable factoring compared to the end of fiscal 2020.
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Investing Activities
Applied used $1.4 billion, $1.2 billion and $130 million of cash in investing activities in fiscal 2022, 2021 and 2020, respectively. Capital expenditures in fiscal 2022, 2021 and 2020 were $787 million, $668 million and $422 million, respectively. Capital expenditures were primarily for investments in demonstration and testing equipment, real property acquisitions and improvements, and network equipment. Net cash paid for acquisitions in fiscal 2022, 2021 and 2020 were $441 million, $12 million and $107 million, respectively. Purchases of investments, net of proceeds from sales and maturities of investments, for 2022 and 2021 was $129 million and $536 million, respectively. Proceeds from sales and maturities of investments, net of purchase of investments were $399 million for fiscal 2020. Investing activities also included investments in technology to allow Applied to access new market opportunities or emerging technologies.
Applied’s investment portfolio consists principally of investment grade money market mutual funds, U.S. Treasury and agency securities, municipal bonds, corporate bonds and mortgage-backed and asset-backed securities, as well as equity securities. Applied regularly monitors the credit risk in its investment portfolio and takes appropriate measures, which may include the sale of certain securities, to manage such risks prudently in accordance with its investment policies.
Financing Activities
Applied used $7.0 billion of cash in financing activities in fiscal 2022, consisting primarily of repurchases of common stock of $6.1 billion, cash dividends to stockholders of $873 million and tax withholding payments for vested equity awards of $266 million, offset by proceeds received from common stock issuances of $199 million.
Applied used $4.6 billion of cash in financing activities in fiscal 2021, consisting primarily of repurchases of common stock of $3.8 billion, cash dividends to stockholders of $838 million and tax withholding payments for vested equity awards of $178 million, offset by proceeds received from common stock issuances of $175 million.
Applied used $1.3 billion of cash in financing activities in fiscal 2020, consisting primarily of the repayment of $1.4 billion senior notes, repurchases of common stock of $649 million, cash dividends to stockholders of $787 million and tax withholding payments for vested equity awards of $172 million, offset by net proceeds received from the issuance of senior unsecured notes of $1.5 billion and proceeds from common stock issuances of $174 million.
In March 2022, Applied’s Board of Directors approved a common stock repurchase program authorizing $6.0 billion in repurchases, which supplemented the previously existing $7.5 billion authorization approved in March 2021. At October 30, 2022, approximately $4.9 billion remained available for future stock repurchases under the repurchase program.
During fiscal 2022, Applied’s Board of Directors declared one quarterly cash dividend of $0.24 per share and three quarterly cash dividends of $0.26 per share. During fiscal 2021, Applied’s Board of Directors declared one quarterly cash dividend of $0.22 per share and three quarterly cash dividends of $0.24 per share. During fiscal 2020, Applied’s Board of Directors declared one quarterly cash dividend of $0.21 per share and three quarterly cash dividends of $0.22 per share. Dividends paid during fiscal 2022, 2021 and 2020 amounted to $873 million, $838 million and $787 million, respectively. Applied currently anticipates that cash dividends will continue to be paid on a quarterly basis, although the declaration of any future cash dividend is at the discretion of the Board of Directors and will depend on Applied’s financial condition, results of operations, capital requirements, business conditions and other factors, as well as a determination by the Board of Directors that cash dividends are in the best interests of Applied’s stockholders.
Applied has credit facilities for unsecured borrowings in various currencies of up to $1.6 billion, of which $1.5 billion is comprised of a committed revolving credit agreement (Revolving Credit Agreement) with a group of banks. The Revolving Credit Agreement includes a provision under which Applied may request an increase in the amount of the facility of up to $500 million for a total commitment of no more than $2.0 billion, subject to the receipt of commitments from one or more lenders for any such increase and other customary conditions. The Revolving Credit Agreement is scheduled to expire in February 2025, unless extended as permitted under the Revolving Credit Agreement. The Revolving Credit Agreement provides for borrowings in United States dollars that bear interest for each advance at one of two rates selected by Applied, plus an applicable margin, which varies according to Applied’s public debt credit ratings. In July 2022, Applied entered into an amendment to the Revolving Credit Agreement which replaced the London interbank offered rate (LIBOR) as a reference rate for borrowings with the secured overnight financing rate (SOFR). The Revolving Credit Agreement includes financial and other covenants with which Applied was in compliance as of October 30, 2022.
Remaining credit facilities in the amount of approximately $54 million are with Japanese banks. Applied’s ability to borrow under these facilities is subject to bank approval at the time of the borrowing request, and any advances will be at rates indexed to the banks’ prime reference rate denominated in Japanese yen.
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Applied has a short-term commercial paper program under which Applied may issue unsecured commercial paper notes of up to a total amount of $1.5 billion. As of October 30, 2022, Applied did not have any commercial paper outstanding but may issue commercial paper notes under this program from time to time in the future. Subsequent to the end of fiscal 2022, Applied issued $200 million of short-term commercial paper with a weighted-average interest rate of 4.30% and maturities ranging from 43 days to 71 days. The commercial paper program is backstopped by the Revolving Credit Agreement and borrowings under the Revolving Credit Agreement reduce the amount of commercial paper notes Applied can issue.
Applied had senior unsecured notes in the aggregate principal amount of $5.5 billion outstanding as of October 30, 2022. See Note 10 of the Notes to the Consolidated Condensed Financial Statements for additional discussion of existing debt. Applied may seek to refinance its existing debt and may incur additional indebtedness depending on Applied’s capital requirements and the availability of financing.
Others
On December 22, 2017, the U.S. government enacted the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (Tax Act). The Tax Act requires a one-time transition tax on certain unrepatriated earnings of foreign subsidiaries. The transition tax expense is payable in installments over eight years, with eight percent due in each of the first five years starting with fiscal 2018. As of October 30, 2022, Applied had $694 million of total payments remaining, payable in installments in the next four years.
Beginning in fiscal 2023, the Tax Act eliminates the option to deduct research and development expenditures currently and requires taxpayers to capitalize and amortize them over five or fifteen years. Although Congress is considering legislation that would defer the capitalization and amortization requirement, there is no assurance that the provision will be repealed or otherwise modified. If the requirement is not modified, it may reduce our cash flows beginning in fiscal 2023.
Although cash requirements will fluctuate based on the timing and extent of factors such as those discussed above, Applied’s management believes that cash generated from operations, together with the liquidity provided by existing cash balances and borrowing capability, will be sufficient to satisfy Applied’s liquidity requirements for the next 12 months. For further details regarding Applied’s operating, investing and financing activities, see the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows in this report.
For details on standby letters of credit, guarantee instruments and other agreements with banks, see Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements below.
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Contractual Obligations and Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements
Applied has certain on-balance sheet and off-balance sheet obligation arrangements to make future payments under various contracts. Certain contractual arrangements which are recorded on Applied’s balance sheet include borrowing facilities and debts and operating leases obligations.
Borrowing Facilities and Debt Obligations
As of October 30, 2022, Applied has $5.5 billion in aggregate principal amount of senior unsecured notes with varying maturities. Future interest payments associated with these unsecured notes were $3.0 billion, of which $205 million is due within 12 months and the remaining interest payments are due beyond 12 months. See Note 10, Borrowing Facilities and Debt, of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements for further discussion related to Applied’s borrowing facilities and debt obligations.
Operating Lease Obligations
As of October 30, 2022, Applied’s operating lease obligation was $407 million related to various operating lease arrangements for certain facilities and equipment. See Note 11, Lease, of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements for further discussion relating to these operating lease obligations.
Purchase Obligations
As of October 30, 2022, Applied has $7.3 billion of purchase obligations for goods and services, of which $7.0 billion is payable within 12 months and the remaining amount is payable beyond 12 months.
Deemed Repatriation Tax Payable
As of October 30, 2022, Applied has $694 million of transition tax liability, of which $82 million is payable within 12 months and the remaining amount is payable beyond 12 months. This transition tax liability is associated with the deemed repatriation of accumulated foreign earnings as a result of the enactment of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act into law on December 22, 2017.
Other Long-term Liabilities
Applied also has the obligation to fund its pension, postretirement and deferred compensation plans. Applied evaluates the need to make contributions to its pension and postretirement benefit plans after considering the funded status of the plans, movements in the discount rate, performance of the plan assets and related tax consequences. Payments to the plans would be dependent on these factors and could vary across a wide range of amounts and time periods. Payments for deferred compensation plans are dependent on activity by participants, making the timing of payments uncertain. Information on Applied’s pension, postretirement benefit and deferred compensation plans is presented in Note 14, Employee Benefit Plans, of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements.
As of October 30, 2022, the gross liability for unrecognized tax benefits that was not expected to result in payment of cash within one year was $489 million. Interest and penalties related to uncertain tax positions that were not expected to result in payment of cash within one year of October 30, 2022 was $103 million. At this time, Applied is unable to reliably estimate the timing of payments due to uncertainties in the timing of tax audit outcomes.
Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements
In the ordinary course of business, Applied provides standby letters of credit or other guarantee instruments to third parties as required for certain transactions initiated by either Applied or its subsidiaries. These include agreements with various banks to facilitate subsidiary banking operations worldwide, including overdraft arrangements. Applied also has agreements with various banks to facilitate subsidiary banking operations worldwide, including overdraft arrangements, issuance of bank guarantees, and letters of credit. See Note 16, Warranty, Guarantees, Commitments and Contingencies, of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements for further discussion relating to these arrangements.
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Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates
The preparation of consolidated financial statements and related disclosures in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America requires management to make judgments, assumptions and estimates that affect the amounts reported. Note 1 of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements describes the significant accounting policies used in the preparation of the consolidated financial statements. Certain of these significant accounting policies are considered to be critical accounting policies.
A critical accounting policy is defined as one that is both material to the presentation of Applied’s consolidated financial statements and that requires management to make difficult, subjective or complex judgments that could have a material effect on Applied’s financial condition or results of operations. Specifically, these policies have the following attributes: (1) Applied is required to make assumptions about matters that are highly uncertain at the time of the estimate; and (2) different estimates Applied could reasonably have used, or changes in the estimate that are reasonably likely to occur, would have a material effect on Applied’s financial condition or results of operations.
Estimates and assumptions about future events and their effects cannot be determined with certainty. Applied bases its estimates on historical experience and on various other assumptions believed to be applicable and reasonable under the circumstances. These estimates may change as new events occur, as additional information is obtained and as Applied’s operating environment changes. These changes have historically been minor and have been included in the consolidated financial statements as soon as they became known. In addition, management is periodically faced with uncertainties, the outcomes of which are not within its control and will not be known for prolonged periods of time. These uncertainties include those discussed in Part I, Item 1A, “Risk Factors.” Based on a critical assessment of its accounting policies and the underlying judgments and uncertainties affecting the application of those policies, management believes that Applied’s consolidated financial statements are fairly stated in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America, and provide a meaningful presentation of Applied’s financial condition and results of operations.
Management believes that the following are critical accounting policies and estimates:
Revenue Recognition
Applied recognizes revenue when promised goods or services (performance obligations) are transferred to a customer in an amount that reflects the consideration to which Applied expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. Applied performs the following five steps to determine when to recognize revenue: (1) identification of the contract(s) with customers, (2) identification of the performance obligations in the contract, (3) determination of the transaction price, (4) allocation of the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract, and (5) recognition of revenue when, or as, a performance obligation is satisfied. Management uses judgment to identify performance obligations within a contract and to determine whether multiple promised goods or services in a contract should be accounted for separately or as a group. Judgment is also used in interpreting commercial terms and determining when transfer of control occurs. Moreover, judgment is used to estimate the contract’s transaction price and allocate it to each performance obligation. Any material changes in the identification of performance obligations, determination and allocation of the transaction price to performance obligations, and determination of when transfer of control occurs to the customer, could impact the timing and amount of revenue recognition, which could have a material effect on Applied’s financial condition and results of operations.
Warranty Costs
Applied provides for the estimated cost of warranty when revenue is recognized. Estimated warranty costs are determined by analyzing specific product, current and historical configuration statistics and regional warranty support costs. Applied’s warranty obligation is affected by product and component failure rates, material usage and labor costs incurred in correcting product failures during the warranty period. As Applied’s customer engineers and process support engineers are highly trained and deployed globally, labor availability is a significant factor in determining labor costs. The quantity and availability of critical replacement parts is another significant factor in estimating warranty costs. Unforeseen component failures or exceptional component performance can also result in changes to warranty costs. If actual warranty costs differ substantially from Applied’s estimates, revisions to the estimated warranty liability would be required, which could have a material effect on Applied’s business, financial condition and results of operations.
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Allowance for Credit Losses
Applied maintains an allowance for credit losses for estimated losses resulting from the inability of its customers to make required payments. This allowance is based on historical experience, credit evaluations, specific customer collection history and any customer-specific issues Applied has identified. Changes in circumstances, such as an unexpected material adverse change in a major customer’s ability to meet its financial obligation to Applied or its payment trends, may require Applied to further adjust its estimates of the recoverability of amounts due to Applied, which could have a material adverse effect on Applied’s business, financial condition and results of operations.
Inventory Valuation
Inventories are generally stated at the lower of cost or net realizable value, with cost determined on a first-in, first-out (FIFO) basis. The carrying value of inventory is reduced for estimated obsolescence by the difference between its cost and the estimated net realizable value based upon assumptions about future demand. Applied evaluates the inventory carrying value for potential excess and obsolete inventory exposures by analyzing historical and anticipated demand. In addition, inventories are evaluated for potential obsolescence due to the effect of known and anticipated engineering change orders and new products. If actual demand were to be substantially lower than estimated, additional adjustments for excess or obsolete inventory may be required, which could have a material adverse effect on Applied’s business, financial condition and results of operations.
Goodwill and Intangible Assets
Applied reviews goodwill and intangible assets for impairment annually during the fourth quarter of each fiscal year and whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value of an asset may not be recoverable. The process of evaluating the potential impairment of goodwill and intangible assets requires significant judgment, especially in emerging markets. When reviewing goodwill for impairment, Applied first performs a qualitative assessment to determine whether it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying value.
In performing a qualitative assessment, Applied considers business conditions and other factors including, but not limited to (i) adverse industry or economic trends, (ii) restructuring actions and lower projections that may impact future operating results, (iii) sustained decline in share price, and (iv) overall financial performance and other events affecting the reporting units. If Applied concludes that it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount, then a quantitative impairment test is performed by estimating the fair value of the reporting unit and comparing it to its carrying value. If the carrying value of a reporting unit exceeds its fair value, Applied would record an impairment charge equal to the excess of the carrying value of the reporting unit over its fair value.
Applied determines the fair value of each reporting unit based on a weighting of an income and a market approach. Applied bases the fair value estimates on assumptions that it believes to be reasonable but that are unpredictable and inherently uncertain. Under the income approach, Applied estimates the fair value based on discounted cash flow method.
The estimates used in the impairment testing are consistent with the discrete forecasts that Applied uses to manage its business, and considers any significant developments during the period. Under the discounted cash flow method, cash flows beyond the discrete forecasts are estimated using a terminal growth rate, which considers the long-term earnings growth rate specific to the reporting units. The estimated future cash flows are discounted to present value using each reporting unit’s weighted average cost of capital. The weighted average cost of capital measures a reporting unit’s cost of debt and equity financing weighted by the percentage of debt and equity in a reporting unit’s target capital structure. In addition, the weighted average cost of capital is derived using both known and estimated market metrics, and is adjusted to reflect both the timing and risks associated with the estimated cash flows. The tax rate used in the discounted cash flow method is the median tax rate of comparable companies and reflects Applied’s current international structure, which is consistent with the market participant perspective. Under the market approach, Applied uses the guideline company method which applies market multiples to forecasted revenues and earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization. Applied uses market multiples that are consistent with comparable publicly-traded companies and considers each reporting unit’s size, growth and profitability relative to its comparable companies.
Intangible assets, such as purchased technology, are generally recorded in connection with a business acquisition. The value assigned to intangible assets is usually based on estimates and judgments regarding expectations for the success and life cycle of products and technology acquired. If actual product acceptance differs significantly from the estimates, Applied may be required to record an impairment charge to reduce the carrying value of the reporting unit to its estimated fair value.
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Income Taxes
Applied’s provision for income taxes and effective tax rate are affected by the geographical composition of pre-tax income which includes jurisdictions with differing tax rates, conditional reduced tax rates and other income tax incentives. It is also affected by events that are not consistent from period to period, such as changes to income tax laws and the resolution of prior years’ income tax filings.
Applied recognizes a current tax liability for the estimated amount of income tax payable on tax returns for the current fiscal year. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the estimated future tax effects of temporary differences between the book and tax bases of assets and liabilities. Deferred tax assets are also recognized for net operating loss and tax credit carryforwards. Deferred tax assets are offset by a valuation allowance to the extent it is more likely than not that they are not expected to be realized.
Applied recognizes tax benefits from uncertain tax positions only if it is more likely than not that the tax position will be sustained upon examination by the taxing authorities based on the technical merits of the position. The tax benefits recognized from such positions are estimated based on the largest benefit that has a greater than 50% likelihood of being realized upon ultimate settlement. Any changes in judgment related to uncertain tax positions are recognized in Applied’s provision for income taxes in the quarter in which such change occurs. Interest and penalties related to uncertain tax positions are recognized in Applied’s provision for income taxes.
The calculation of Applied’s provision for income taxes and effective tax rate involves significant judgment in estimating the impact of uncertainties in the application of complex tax laws. Resolution of these uncertainties in a manner inconsistent with Applied’s expectations could have a material impact on Applied’s results of operations and financial condition.
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Non-GAAP Adjusted Financial Results
Management uses non-GAAP adjusted financial measures to evaluate the Company’s operating and financial performance and for planning purposes, and as performance measures in its executive compensation program. Applied believes these measures enhance an overall understanding of its performance and investors’ ability to review the Company’s business from the same perspective as the Company’s management and facilitate comparisons of this period’s results with prior periods on a consistent basis by excluding items that management does not believe are indicative of Applied’s ongoing operating performance.
The non-GAAP adjusted financial measures presented below are adjusted to exclude the impact of certain costs, expenses, gains and losses, including certain items related to mergers and acquisitions; restructuring and severance charges and any associated adjustments; certain incremental expenses related to COVID-19; impairments of assets; gain or loss on strategic investments; loss on early extinguishment of debt; certain income tax items and other discrete adjustments. Reconciliations of these non-GAAP measures to the most directly comparable financial measures calculated and presented in accordance with GAAP are provided in the financial tables presented below. There are limitations in using non-GAAP financial measures because the non-GAAP financial measures are not prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, may be different from non-GAAP financial measures used by other companies, and may exclude certain items that may have a material impact upon our reported financial results. The presentation of this additional information is not meant to be considered in isolation or as a substitute for the directly comparable financial measures prepared in accordance with GAAP.
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The following tables present a reconciliation of the GAAP and non-GAAP adjusted consolidated results for the past three fiscal years:
APPLIED MATERIALS, INC.
UNAUDITED RECONCILIATION OF GAAP TO NON-GAAP ADJUSTED RESULTS
| (In millions, except percentages) | 2022 | 2021 | 2020 | |||||||||||||||||
| Non-GAAP Adjusted Gross Profit | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Reported gross profit - GAAP basis | $ | 11,993 | $ | 10,914 | $ | 7,692 | ||||||||||||||
Certain items associated with acquisitions1 | 26 | 27 | 37 | |||||||||||||||||
Certain incremental expenses related to COVID-192 | — | 12 | 23 | |||||||||||||||||
| Other charges | — | 2 | — | |||||||||||||||||
| Non-GAAP adjusted gross profit | $ | 12,019 | $ | 10,955 | $ | 7,752 | ||||||||||||||
| Non-GAAP adjusted gross margin | 46.6 | % | 47.5 | % | 45.1 | % | ||||||||||||||
| Non-GAAP Adjusted Operating Income | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Reported operating income - GAAP basis | $ | 7,788 | $ | 6,889 | $ | 4,365 | ||||||||||||||
Certain items associated with acquisitions1 | 39 | 47 | 54 | |||||||||||||||||
| Acquisition integration and deal costs | 38 | 45 | 80 | |||||||||||||||||
Certain incremental expenses related to COVID-192 | — | 24 | 30 | |||||||||||||||||
Severance and related charges3 | (4) | 157 | — | |||||||||||||||||
| Deal termination fee | — | 154 | — | |||||||||||||||||
| Other charges | — | 6 | — | |||||||||||||||||
| Non-GAAP adjusted operating income | $ | 7,861 | $ | 7,322 | $ | 4,529 | ||||||||||||||
| Non-GAAP adjusted operating margin | 30.5 | % | 31.7 | % | 26.3 | % | ||||||||||||||
| Non-GAAP Adjusted Net Income | ||||||||||||||||||||
Reported net income - GAAP basis | $ | 6,525 | $ | 5,888 | $ | 3,619 | ||||||||||||||
Certain items associated with acquisitions1 | 39 | 47 | 54 | |||||||||||||||||
| Acquisition integration and deal costs | 34 | 46 | 80 | |||||||||||||||||
Certain incremental expenses related to COVID-192 | — | 24 | 30 | |||||||||||||||||
Severance and related charges3 | (4) | 157 | — | |||||||||||||||||
| Deal termination fee | — | 154 | — | |||||||||||||||||
| Realized loss (gain) on strategic investments, net | (3) | (43) | (1) | |||||||||||||||||
| Unrealized loss (gain) on strategic investments, net | (4) | (56) | (8) | |||||||||||||||||
| Loss on early extinguishment of debt | — | — | 33 | |||||||||||||||||
| Other charges | — | 6 | — | |||||||||||||||||
| Income tax effects related to intra-entity intangible asset transfers | 252 | 64 | 114 | |||||||||||||||||
| Resolution of prior years’ income tax filings and other tax items | (80) | 33 | (41) | |||||||||||||||||
Income tax effect of non-GAAP adjustments4 | (3) | (33) | (35) | |||||||||||||||||
| Non-GAAP adjusted net income | $ | 6,756 | $ | 6,287 | $ | 3,845 | ||||||||||||||
| 1 | These items are incremental charges attributable to completed acquisitions, consisting of amortization of purchased intangible assets. | ||||
| 2 | Temporary incremental employee compensation during the COVID-19 pandemic. | ||||
| 3 | The severance and related charges primarily related to a one-time voluntary retirement program offered to certain eligible employees. | ||||
| 4 | Adjustment to provision for income taxes related to non-GAAP adjustments reflected in income before income taxes. | ||||
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APPLIED MATERIALS, INC.
UNAUDITED RECONCILIATION OF GAAP TO NON-GAAP ADJUSTED RESULTS
| (In millions, except per share amounts) | 2022 | 2021 | 2020 | |||||||||||||||||
| Non-GAAP Adjusted Earnings Per Diluted Share | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Reported earnings per diluted share - GAAP basis | $ | 7.44 | $ | 6.40 | $ | 3.92 | ||||||||||||||
| Certain items associated with acquisitions | 0.04 | 0.04 | 0.05 | |||||||||||||||||
| Acquisition integration and deal costs | 0.03 | 0.04 | 0.07 | |||||||||||||||||
| Certain incremental expenses related to COVID-19 | — | 0.02 | 0.03 | |||||||||||||||||
| Severance and related charges | — | 0.13 | — | |||||||||||||||||
| Deal termination fee | — | 0.17 | — | |||||||||||||||||
| Realized loss (gain) on strategic investments, net | — | (0.03) | — | |||||||||||||||||
| Unrealized loss (gain) on strategic investments, net | (0.01) | (0.05) | (0.01) | |||||||||||||||||
| Loss on early extinguishment of debt | — | — | 0.03 | |||||||||||||||||
| Other charges | — | 0.01 | — | |||||||||||||||||
| Income tax effects related to intra-entity intangible asset transfers | 0.29 | 0.07 | 0.12 | |||||||||||||||||
| Resolution of prior years’ income tax filings and other tax items | (0.09) | 0.04 | (0.04) | |||||||||||||||||
| Non-GAAP adjusted earnings per diluted share | $ | 7.70 | $ | 6.84 | $ | 4.17 | ||||||||||||||
| Weighted average number of diluted shares | 877 | 919 | 923 | |||||||||||||||||
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The following table presents a reconciliation of the GAAP and non-GAAP adjusted segment results for the past three fiscal years:
APPLIED MATERIALS, INC.
UNAUDITED RECONCILIATION OF GAAP TO NON-GAAP ADJUSTED RESULTS
| (In millions, except percentages) | 2022 | 2021 | 2020 | |||||||||||||||||
| Semiconductor Systems Non-GAAP Adjusted Operating Income | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Reported operating income - GAAP basis | $ | 6,969 | $ | 6,311 | $ | 3,714 | ||||||||||||||
Certain items associated with acquisitions1 | 31 | 38 | 41 | |||||||||||||||||
| Acquisition integration costs | — | (2) | 3 | |||||||||||||||||
Certain incremental expenses related to COVID-192 | — | 12 | 20 | |||||||||||||||||
Other charges | — | 3 | — | |||||||||||||||||
| Non-GAAP adjusted operating income | $ | 7,000 | $ | 6,362 | $ | 3,778 | ||||||||||||||
| Non-GAAP adjusted operating margin | 37.2 | % | 39.1 | % | 33.2 | % | ||||||||||||||
| AGS Non-GAAP Adjusted Operating Income | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Reported operating income - GAAP basis | $ | 1,661 | $ | 1,508 | $ | 1,127 | ||||||||||||||
Certain incremental expenses related to COVID-192 | — | 8 | 8 | |||||||||||||||||
| Other charges | — | 1 | — | |||||||||||||||||
| Non-GAAP adjusted operating income | $ | 1,661 | $ | 1,517 | $ | 1,135 | ||||||||||||||
| Non-GAAP adjusted operating margin | 30.0 | % | 30.3 | % | 27.3 | % | ||||||||||||||
| Display and Adjacent Markets Non-GAAP Adjusted Operating Income | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Reported operating income - GAAP basis | $ | 260 | $ | 314 | $ | 291 | ||||||||||||||
Certain items associated with acquisitions1 | 3 | 4 | 12 | |||||||||||||||||
Certain incremental expenses related to COVID-192 | — | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||||||
Severance and related charges3 | — | 8 | — | |||||||||||||||||
| Non-GAAP adjusted operating income | $ | 263 | $ | 327 | $ | 304 | ||||||||||||||
| Non-GAAP adjusted operating margin | 19.8 | % | 20.0 | % | 18.9 | % | ||||||||||||||
| 1 | These items are incremental charges attributable to completed acquisitions, consisting of amortization of purchased intangible assets. | ||||
| 2 | Temporary incremental employee compensation during the COVID-19 pandemic. | ||||
| 3 | The severance and related charges related to workforce reduction actions globally across the Display and Adjacent Markets business. | ||||
Note: The reconciliation of GAAP and non-GAAP adjusted segment results above does not include certain revenues, costs of products sold and operating expenses that are reported within corporate and other and included in consolidated operating income.
55
Item 7A: Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk
Applied is exposed to financial market risks, including fluctuations in interest rate and foreign currency exchange rates.
Interest Rate Risk
Available-for-sale Debt Securities. The market value of Applied’s investments in available-for-sale securities was approximately $1.8 billion at October 30, 2022. An immediate hypothetical 100 basis point increase in interest rates would result in a decrease in the fair value of investments as of October 30, 2022 of approximately $23 million.
Debt. At October 30, 2022, the aggregate principal of long-term senior unsecured notes issued by Applied was $5.5 billion with an estimated fair value of $4.8 billion. A hypothetical decrease in interest rates of 100 basis points would result in an increase in the fair value of Applied’s long-term senior notes issuances of approximately $454 million at October 30, 2022. From time to time Applied uses interest rate swaps or rate lock agreements to mitigate the potential impact of changes in benchmark interest rates on interest expense and cash flows.
Foreign Currency Risk
Certain operations of Applied are conducted in foreign currencies, such as Japanese yen, Israeli shekel, euro and Taiwanese dollar. Hedges are used to reduce, but not eliminate, the impact of foreign currency exchange rate movements on the consolidated balance sheet, statement of operations, and statement of cash flows.
Applied uses primarily foreign currency forward contracts to offset the impact of foreign exchange movements on non-U.S. dollar denominated monetary assets and liabilities. The foreign exchange gains and losses on the assets and liabilities are recorded in interest and other income (net) and are offset by the gains and losses on the hedges.
Applied uses foreign currency forward and option contracts to hedge a portion of anticipated non-U.S. dollar denominated revenues and expenses expected to occur within the next 24 months. Gains and losses on these hedging contracts generally mitigate the effect of currency movements on Applied’s net sales, cost of products sold, and operating expenses. A hypothetical 10% adverse change in foreign currency exchange rates relative to the U.S. Dollar would result in a decrease in the fair value of these hedging contracts of $196 million at October 30, 2022.
Applied does not use foreign currency forward or option contracts for trading or speculative purposes.
Item 8: Financial Statements and Supplementary Data
The consolidated financial statements required by this Item are set forth on the pages indicated at Item 15(a).
Item 9: Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure
None.
56
Item 9A: Controls and Procedures
Disclosure Controls and Procedures
As of the end of the period covered by this report, management of Applied conducted an evaluation, under the supervision and with the participation of Applied’s Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, of the effectiveness of Applied’s disclosure controls and procedures, as such term is defined in Rule 13a-15(e) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (the Exchange Act). Based upon that evaluation, Applied’s Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that Applied’s disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of the end of the period covered by this report in ensuring that information required to be disclosed was recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms, and to provide reasonable assurance that information required to be disclosed by Applied in such reports is accumulated and communicated to the Company’s management, including its Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.
Management’s Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting
Applied’s management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting, as such term is defined in Rule 13a-15(f) of the Exchange Act. Under the supervision and with the participation of Applied’s Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, management of Applied conducted an evaluation of the effectiveness of Applied’s internal control over financial reporting based upon the framework in “Internal Control — Integrated Framework (2013)” issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission. Based on that evaluation, Applied’s management concluded that Applied’s internal control over financial reporting was effective as of October 30, 2022.
KPMG LLP, an independent registered public accounting firm, has audited the consolidated financial statements included in this Form 10-K and, as part of the audit, has issued a report, included herein, on the effectiveness of Applied’s internal control over financial reporting as of October 30, 2022.
Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting
During the fourth quarter of fiscal 2022, there were no changes in the internal control over financial reporting that materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, Applied’s internal control over financial reporting.
Inherent Limitations of Disclosure Controls and Procedures and Internal Control over Financial Reporting
It should be noted that any system of controls, however well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable, and not absolute, assurance that the objectives of the system will be met. In addition, the design of any control system is based in part upon certain assumptions about the likelihood of future events.
Item 9B: Other Information
None.
Item 9C: Disclosure Regarding Foreign Jurisdictions that Prevent Inspections
Not applicable.
57
PART III
Item 10: Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance
Except for the information regarding executive officers required by Item 401 of Regulation S-K (which is included in Part I, Item 1 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K, under “Information about our Executive Officers”) and code of ethics (which is set forth below), the information required by this item will be provided in accordance with Instruction G(3) to Form 10-K no later than February 27, 2023.
Applied has implemented the Standards of Business Conduct, a code of ethics with which every person who works for Applied and every member of the Board of Directors is expected to comply. If any substantive amendments are made to the Standards of Business Conduct or any waiver is granted, including any implicit waiver, from a provision of the code to Applied’s Chief Executive Officer, Chief Financial Officer or Chief Accounting Officer, Applied will disclose the nature of such amendment or waiver on its website or in a report on Form 8-K. The above information, including the Standards of Business Conduct, is available on Applied’s website under the Corporate Governance section at https://www.appliedmaterials.com/us/en/about/corporate-governance.html. This website address is intended to be an inactive, textual reference only. None of the materials on, or accessible through, this website is part of this report or is incorporated by reference herein.
Item 11: Executive Compensation
The information required by this Item will be provided in accordance with Instruction G(3) to Form 10-K no later than February 27, 2023.
58
Item 12: Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters
Except for the information regarding securities authorized for issuance under equity compensation plans (which is set forth below), the information required by this Item will be provided in accordance with Instruction G(3) to Form 10-K no later than February 27, 2023.
The following table summarizes information with respect to equity awards under Applied’s equity compensation plans as of October 30, 2022:
Equity Compensation Plan Information
| Plan Category | (a) Number of Securities to be Issued Upon Exercise of Outstanding Options, Warrants and Rights(1) | (b) Weighted Average Exercise Price of Outstanding Options, Warrants and Rights(2) | (c) Number of Securities Available for Future Issuance Under Equity Compensation Plans (Excluding Securities Reflected in Column(a)) | ||||||||||||||||||||
| (In millions, except prices) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Equity compensation plans approved by security holders | 11 | $ | — | 45 | (3) | ||||||||||||||||||
| Total | 11 | $ | — | 45 | |||||||||||||||||||
(1)Includes only restricted stock units and performance share units outstanding under Applied’s equity compensation plans, as no options, stock warrants or other rights were outstanding as of October 30, 2022.
(2)The weighted average exercise price calculation does not take into account any restricted stock units or performance shares.
(3)Includes 14 million shares of Applied common stock available for future issuance under the Applied Materials, Inc. Omnibus Employees’ Stock Purchase Plan. Of these 14 million shares, 1 million are subject to purchase during the purchase period in effect as of October 30, 2022.
Applied has the following equity compensation plan that has not been approved by stockholders:
Applied Materials Profit Sharing Scheme. The Applied Materials Profit Sharing Scheme was adopted effective July 3, 1996 to enable employees of Applied Materials Ireland Limited and its participating subsidiaries to purchase Applied common stock at 100% of fair market value on the purchase date. Under this plan, eligible employees may elect to forego a certain portion of their base salary and certain bonuses they have earned and that otherwise would be payable in cash to purchase shares of Applied common stock at full fair market value. Since the eligible employees pay full fair market value for the shares, there is no reserved amount of shares under this plan and, accordingly, the table above does not include any set number of shares available for future issuance under the plan.
59
Item 13: Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence
The information required by this Item will be provided in accordance with Instruction G(3) to Form 10-K no later than February 27, 2023.
Item 14: Principal Accounting Fees and Services
Applied’s independent registered public accounting firm is KPMG LLP, Santa Clara, California, Auditor Firm ID: 185.
The information required by this Item will be provided in accordance with Instruction G(3) to Form 10-K no later than February 27, 2023.
60
PART IV
Item 15: Exhibits, Financial Statement Schedules
(a) The following documents are filed as part of this Annual Report on Form 10-K:
| Page Number | ||||||||
| (1) | Financial Statements: | |||||||
| (2) | Exhibits: | |||||||
All other schedules are omitted because they are not applicable or the required information is shown in the Consolidated Financial Statements or Notes thereto.
Item 16: Form 10-K Summary
None.
61
REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
To the Stockholders and Board of Directors
Applied Materials, Inc.:
Opinion on the Consolidated Financial Statements
We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Applied Materials, Inc. and subsidiaries (the Company) as of October 30, 2022 and October 31, 2021, the related consolidated statements of operations, comprehensive income, stockholders’ equity, and cash flows for each of the years in the three-year period ended October 30, 2022, and the related notes (collectively, the consolidated financial statements). In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of October 30, 2022 and October 31, 2021, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the years in the three-year period ended October 30, 2022, in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles.
We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB), the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of October 30, 2022, based on criteria established in Internal Control - Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission, and our report dated December 16, 2022 expressed an unqualified opinion on the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.
Basis for Opinion
These consolidated financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these consolidated financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the PCAOB and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.
We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the consolidated financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the consolidated financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the consolidated financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the consolidated financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.
Critical Audit Matter
The critical audit matter communicated below is a matter arising from the current period audit of the consolidated financial statements that was communicated or required to be communicated to the audit committee and that: (1) relates to accounts or disclosures that are material to the consolidated financial statements and (2) involved our especially challenging, subjective, or complex judgments. The communication of a critical audit matter does not alter in any way our opinion on the consolidated financial statements, taken as a whole, and we are not, by communicating the critical audit matter below, providing a separate opinion on the critical audit matter or on the accounts or disclosures to which it relates.
62
Evaluation of net realizable value adjustments to inventories for excess or obsolescence
As discussed in notes 1 and 8 to the consolidated financial statements, the Company has inventories with a carrying value of $5,932 million as of October 30, 2022. The Company adjusts inventory carrying value for estimated excess or obsolescence equal to the difference between cost of inventory and the estimated net realizable value based upon assumptions about future demand and market conditions. If actual demand were to be substantially lower than estimated, there could be a significant adverse impact on the carrying value of inventories and results of operations.
We identified the evaluation of net realizable value adjustments to certain inventories for excess or obsolescence as a critical audit matter. Evaluation of the Company’s estimates regarding forecasted sales and inventory consumption involved a high degree of auditor judgment.
The following are the primary procedures we performed to address this critical audit matter. We evaluated the design and tested the operating effectiveness of certain internal controls over the Company’s process for determining net realizable value adjustments for inventory excess or obsolescence, including controls related to estimating forecasted sales and inventory consumption. We evaluated certain inventories for excess or obsolescence by comparing the Company’s sales and inventory consumption forecast to historical sales, historical inventory usage, known customer orders, and industry outlook reports. In addition, for certain inventories, we compared the Company’s historical estimates of net realizable value adjustments for excess and obsolescence to the actual physical inventory disposals to evaluate the Company’s ability to accurately estimate the net realizable value adjustments.
/S/ KPMG LLP | ||
| KPMG LLP | ||
We have served as the Company’s auditor since 2004.
Santa Clara, California
December 16, 2022
63
REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
To the Stockholders and Board of Directors
Applied Materials, Inc.:
Opinion on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
We have audited Applied Materials, Inc. and subsidiaries’ (the Company) internal control over financial reporting as of October 30, 2022, based on criteria established in Internal Control - Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission. In our opinion, the Company maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of October 30, 2022, based on criteria established in Internal Control - Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission.
We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB), the consolidated balance sheets of the Company as of October 30, 2022 and October 31, 2021, the related consolidated statements of operations, comprehensive income, stockholders’ equity, and cash flows for each of the years in the three-year period ended October 30, 2022, and the related notes (collectively, the consolidated financial statements), and our report dated December 16, 2022 expressed an unqualified opinion on those consolidated financial statements.
Basis for Opinion
The Company’s management is responsible for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting, included in the accompanying Management’s Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s internal control over financial reporting based on our audit. We are a public accounting firm registered with the PCAOB and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.
We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects. Our audit of internal control over financial reporting included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, and testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk. Our audit also included performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion.
Definition and Limitations of Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
A company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A company’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.
Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.
| /s/ KPMG LLP | ||
| KPMG LLP | ||
Santa Clara, California
December 16, 2022
64
APPLIED MATERIALS, INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
(In millions, except per share amounts)
| Fiscal Year | 2022 | 2021 | 2020 | ||||||||||||||
| Net sales | $ | 25,785 | $ | 23,063 | $ | 17,202 | |||||||||||
| Cost of products sold | 13,792 | 12,149 | 9,510 | ||||||||||||||
| Gross profit | 11,993 | 10,914 | 7,692 | ||||||||||||||
| Operating expenses: | |||||||||||||||||
| Research, development and engineering | 2,771 | 2,485 | 2,234 | ||||||||||||||
| Marketing and selling | 703 | 609 | 526 | ||||||||||||||
| General and administrative | 735 | 620 | 567 | ||||||||||||||
| Severance and related charges | (4) | 157 | — | ||||||||||||||
| Deal termination fee | — | 154 | — | ||||||||||||||
| Total operating expenses | 4,205 | 4,025 | 3,327 | ||||||||||||||
| Income from operations | 7,788 | 6,889 | 4,365 | ||||||||||||||
| Interest expense | 228 | 236 | 240 | ||||||||||||||
| Interest and other income, net | 39 | 118 | 41 | ||||||||||||||
| Income before income taxes | 7,599 | 6,771 | 4,166 | ||||||||||||||
| Provision for income taxes | 1,074 | 883 | 547 | ||||||||||||||
| Net income | $ | 6,525 | $ | 5,888 | $ | 3,619 | |||||||||||
| Earnings per share: | |||||||||||||||||
| Basic | $ | 7.49 | $ | 6.47 | $ | 3.95 | |||||||||||
| Diluted | $ | 7.44 | $ | 6.40 | $ | 3.92 | |||||||||||
| Weighted average number of shares: | |||||||||||||||||
| Basic | 871 | 910 | 916 | ||||||||||||||
| Diluted | 877 | 919 | 923 | ||||||||||||||
See accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
65
APPLIED MATERIALS, INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME
(In millions)
| Fiscal Year | 2022 | 2021 | 2020 | ||||||||||||||
| Net income | $ | 6,525 | $ | 5,888 | $ | 3,619 | |||||||||||
| Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax: | |||||||||||||||||
| Change in unrealized gain (loss) on available-for-sale investments | (74) | (21) | 9 | ||||||||||||||
| Change in unrealized net loss on derivative instruments | 51 | 30 | (117) | ||||||||||||||
| Change in defined and postretirement benefit plans | 81 | 30 | (11) | ||||||||||||||
| Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax | 58 | 39 | (119) | ||||||||||||||
| Comprehensive income | $ | 6,583 | $ | 5,927 | $ | 3,500 | |||||||||||
See accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
66
APPLIED MATERIALS, INC.
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(In millions, except per share amounts)
| October 30, 2022 | October 31, 2021 | ||||||||||
| ASSETS | |||||||||||
| Current assets: | |||||||||||
| Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 1,995 | $ | 4,995 | |||||||
| Short-term investments | 586 | 464 | |||||||||
| Accounts receivable, net | 6,068 | 4,953 | |||||||||
| Inventories | 5,932 | 4,309 | |||||||||
| Other current assets | 1,344 | 1,386 | |||||||||
| Total current assets | 15,925 | 16,107 | |||||||||
| Long-term investments | 1,980 | 2,055 | |||||||||
| Property, plant and equipment, net | 2,307 | 1,934 | |||||||||
| Goodwill | 3,700 | 3,479 | |||||||||
| Purchased technology and other intangible assets, net | 339 | 104 | |||||||||
| Deferred income taxes and other assets | 2,475 | 2,146 | |||||||||
| Total assets | $ | 26,726 | $ | 25,825 | |||||||
| LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY | |||||||||||
| Current liabilities: | |||||||||||
| Accounts payable and accrued expenses | $ | 4,237 | $ | 4,268 | |||||||
| Contract liabilities | 3,142 | 2,076 | |||||||||
| Total current liabilities | 7,379 | 6,344 | |||||||||
| Long-term debt | 5,457 | 5,452 | |||||||||
| Income taxes payable | 964 | 1,090 | |||||||||
| Other liabilities | 732 | 692 | |||||||||
| Total liabilities | 14,532 | 13,578 | |||||||||
| Commitments and contingencies (Note 16) | |||||||||||
| Stockholders’ equity: | |||||||||||
Preferred stock: $0.01 par value per share; 1 shares authorized; no shares issued | — | — | |||||||||
Common stock: $0.01 par value per share; 2,500 shares authorized; 844 and 892 shares outstanding at 2022 and 2021, respectively | 8 | 9 | |||||||||
| Additional paid-in capital | 8,593 | 8,247 | |||||||||
| Retained earnings | 37,892 | 32,246 | |||||||||
Treasury stock: 1,173 and 1,119 shares at 2022 and 2021, respectively | (34,097) | (27,995) | |||||||||
| Accumulated other comprehensive loss | (202) | (260) | |||||||||
| Total stockholders’ equity | 12,194 | 12,247 | |||||||||
| Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity | $ | 26,726 | $ | 25,825 | |||||||
See accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
67
APPLIED MATERIALS, INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
(In millions)
| Common Stock | Additional Paid-In Capital | Retained Earnings | Treasury Stock | Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) | Total | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Shares | Amount | Shares | Amount | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance at October 27, 2019 | 916 | $ | 9 | $ | 7,595 | $ | 24,386 | 1,079 | $ | (23,596) | $ | (180) | $ | 8,214 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net income | — | — | — | 3,619 | — | — | — | 3,619 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other comprehensive loss, net of tax | — | — | — | — | — | — | (119) | (119) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Dividends declared ($0.87 per common share) | — | — | — | (796) | — | — | — | (796) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Share-based compensation | — | — | 307 | — | — | — | — | 307 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Issuance under stock plans | 10 | — | 2 | — | — | — | — | 2 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Common stock repurchases | (12) | — | — | — | 12 | (649) | — | (649) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance at October 25, 2020 | 914 | $ | 9 | $ | 7,904 | $ | 27,209 | 1,091 | $ | (24,245) | $ | (299) | $ | 10,578 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net income | — | — | — | 5,888 | — | — | — | 5,888 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other comprehensive income, net of tax | — | — | — | — | — | — | 39 | 39 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Dividends declared ($0.94 per common share) | — | — | — | (851) | — | — | — | (851) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Share-based compensation | — | — | 346 | — | — | — | — | 346 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Issuance under stock plans | 6 | — | (3) | — | — | — | — | (3) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Common stock repurchases | (28) | — | — | — | 28 | (3,750) | — | (3,750) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance at October 31, 2021 | 892 | $ | 9 | $ | 8,247 | $ | 32,246 | 1,119 | $ | (27,995) | $ | (260) | $ | 12,247 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net income | — | — | — | 6,525 | — | — | — | 6,525 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other comprehensive income, net of tax | — | — | — | — | — | — | 58 | 58 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Dividends declared ($1.02 per common share) | — | — | — | (879) | — | — | — | (879) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Share-based compensation | — | — | 413 | — | — | — | — | 413 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Issuance under stock plans | 6 | — | (67) | — | — | — | — | (67) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Common stock repurchases | (54) | (1) | — | — | 54 | (6,102) | — | (6,103) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance at October 30, 2022 | 844 | $ | 8 | $ | 8,593 | $ | 37,892 | 1,173 | $ | (34,097) | $ | (202) | $ | 12,194 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
See accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
68
APPLIED MATERIALS, INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(In millions)
See accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
| Fiscal Year | 2022 | 2021 | 2020 | ||||||||||||||
| Cash flows from operating activities: | |||||||||||||||||
| Net income | $ | 6,525 | $ | 5,888 | $ | 3,619 | |||||||||||
| Adjustments required to reconcile net income to cash provided by operating activities: | |||||||||||||||||
| Depreciation and amortization | 444 | 394 | 376 | ||||||||||||||
| Severance and related charges | (4) | 148 | — | ||||||||||||||
| Deferred income taxes | (223) | 80 | 80 | ||||||||||||||
| Other | 36 | (70) | 60 | ||||||||||||||
| Share-based compensation | 413 | 346 | 307 | ||||||||||||||
| Changes in operating assets and liabilities, net of amounts acquired: | |||||||||||||||||
| Accounts receivable | (1,109) | (1,989) | (427) | ||||||||||||||
| Inventories | (1,590) | (405) | (421) | ||||||||||||||
| Other current and non-current assets | (16) | (602) | (161) | ||||||||||||||
| Accounts payable and accrued expenses | 390 | 465 | 327 | ||||||||||||||
| Contract liabilities | 1,039 | 755 | (16) | ||||||||||||||
| Income taxes payable | (541) | 396 | (10) | ||||||||||||||
| Other liabilities | 35 | 36 | 70 | ||||||||||||||
| Cash provided by operating activities | 5,399 | 5,442 | 3,804 | ||||||||||||||
| Cash flows from investing activities: | |||||||||||||||||
| Capital expenditures | (787) | (668) | (422) | ||||||||||||||
| Cash paid for acquisitions, net of cash acquired | (441) | (12) | (107) | ||||||||||||||
| Proceeds from sales and maturities of investments | 1,363 | 1,471 | 1,754 | ||||||||||||||
| Purchases of investments | (1,492) | (2,007) | (1,355) | ||||||||||||||
| Cash used in investing activities | (1,357) | (1,216) | (130) | ||||||||||||||
| Cash flows from financing activities: | |||||||||||||||||
| Debt borrowings, net of issuance costs | — | — | 2,979 | ||||||||||||||
| Debt repayments | — | — | (2,882) | ||||||||||||||
| Proceeds from common stock issuances | 199 | 175 | 174 | ||||||||||||||
| Common stock repurchases | (6,103) | (3,750) | (649) | ||||||||||||||
| Tax withholding payments for vested equity awards | (266) | (178) | (172) | ||||||||||||||
| Payments of dividends to stockholders | (873) | (838) | (787) | ||||||||||||||
| Cash used in financing activities | (7,043) | (4,591) | (1,337) | ||||||||||||||
| Increase (decrease) in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash equivalents | (3,001) | (365) | 2,337 | ||||||||||||||
| Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash equivalents — beginning of period | 5,101 | 5,466 | 3,129 | ||||||||||||||
| Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash equivalents — end of period | $ | 2,100 | $ | 5,101 | $ | 5,466 | |||||||||||
| Reconciliation of cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash equivalents | |||||||||||||||||
| Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 1,995 | $ | 4,995 | $ | 5,351 | |||||||||||
| Restricted cash equivalents included in deferred income taxes and other assets | 105 | 106 | 115 | ||||||||||||||
| Total cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash equivalents | $ | 2,100 | $ | 5,101 | $ | 5,466 | |||||||||||
| Supplemental cash flow information: | |||||||||||||||||
| Cash payments for income taxes | $ | 1,869 | $ | 851 | $ | 542 | |||||||||||
| Cash refunds from income taxes | $ | 156 | $ | 27 | $ | 68 | |||||||||||
| Cash payments for interest | $ | 205 | $ | 205 | $ | 219 | |||||||||||
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Note 1 Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
Principles of Consolidation and Basis of Presentation
The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Applied Materials, Inc. and its subsidiaries (Applied or the Company) after elimination of intercompany balances and transactions. All references to a fiscal year apply to Applied’s fiscal year which ends on the last Sunday in October. Fiscal 2022, 2021 and 2020 contained 52, 53 and 52 weeks, respectively. Each fiscal quarter of 2022 and 2020 contained 13 weeks. The first fiscal quarter of 2021 contained 14 weeks, while the second, third and fourth quarters of fiscal 2021 contained 13 weeks.
Use of Estimates
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America requires management to make judgments, estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the financial statements and accompanying notes. Actual results could differ materially from those estimates. On an ongoing basis, Applied evaluates its estimates, including those related to standalone selling price (SSP) related to revenue recognition, accounts receivable and sales allowances, fair values of financial instruments, inventories, intangible assets and goodwill, useful lives of intangible assets and property and equipment, fair values of share-based awards, and income taxes, among others. Applied bases its estimates on historical experience and on various other assumptions that are believed to be reasonable, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities.
As of October 30, 2022, the COVID-19 pandemic and worldwide response remains fluid. As a result, many of Applied’s estimates and assumptions are subject to increased judgment and volatility. These estimates may differ materially in future periods as the pandemic continues to evolve and additional information becomes available.
Cash Equivalents
All highly-liquid investments with a remaining maturity of three months or less at the time of purchase are considered to be cash equivalents. Cash equivalents consist primarily of investments in institutional money market funds.
Investments
All of Applied’s investments, except equity investments, are classified as available-for-sale at the respective balance sheet dates. Investments classified as available-for-sale are measured and recorded in the Consolidated Balance Sheets at fair value, and unrealized gains and losses, net of tax, is reported as a separate component of other comprehensive income. Interest earned on cash and investments, as well as realized gains and losses on sale of securities, are included in interest and other income, net in the Consolidated Statements of Operations.
Applied’s equity investments with readily determinable values consist of publicly traded equity securities. These investments are measured at fair value using quoted prices for identical assets in an active market. Privately-held equity investments without readily determinable fair value are measured at cost, less impairment, adjusted by observable price changes. Adjustments resulting from impairments and observable prices changes are recorded in the Consolidated Statements of Operations.
Allowance for Credit Losses
Applied maintains an allowance for credit losses for estimated losses resulting from the inability of its customers to make required payments. This allowance is based on historical experience, credit evaluations, specific customer collection history and any customer-specific issues Applied has identified. Changes in circumstances, such as an unexpected material adverse change in a major customer’s ability to meet its financial obligation to Applied or its payment trends, may require Applied to further adjust its estimates of the recoverability of amounts due to Applied. Bad debt expense and any reversals are recorded in marketing and selling expenses in the Consolidated Statement of Operations.
Inventories
Inventories are stated at the lower of cost or net realizable value, with cost determined on a first-in, first-out (FIFO) basis. Applied adjusts inventory carrying value for estimated obsolescence equal to the difference between the cost of inventory and the estimated net realizable value based upon assumptions about future demand and market conditions. Applied fully writes down inventories and noncancelable purchase orders for inventory deemed obsolete. Applied performs periodic reviews of inventory items to identify excess inventories on hand by comparing on-hand balances to anticipated usage using recent historical activity as well as anticipated or forecasted demand. If estimates of customer demand diminish further or market conditions become less favorable than those projected by Applied, additional inventory adjustments may be required.
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Property, Plant and Equipment
Property, plant and equipment is stated at cost. Depreciation is provided over the estimated useful lives of the assets using the straight-line method. Estimated useful lives for financial reporting purposes are as follows: buildings and improvements, 3 to 30 years; demonstration and manufacturing equipment, 3 to 5 years; software, 3 to 5 years; and furniture, fixtures and other equipment, 3 to 5 years. Land improvements are amortized over the shorter of 15 years or the estimated useful life. Leasehold improvements are amortized over the shorter of five years or the lease term.
Intangible Assets
Goodwill and indefinite-lived assets are not amortized, but are reviewed for impairment annually during the fourth quarter of each fiscal year and whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value of an asset may not be recoverable. Purchased technology and other intangible assets are presented at cost, net of accumulated amortization, and are amortized over their estimated useful lives of 1 to 15 years using the straight-line method.
Long-Lived Assets
Applied reviews long-lived assets for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of these assets or asset group may not be recoverable. Applied assesses these assets for impairment based on estimated future cash flows from these assets.
Revenue Recognition from Contracts with Customers
Applied recognizes revenue when promised goods or services are transferred to a customer in an amount that reflects the consideration to which Applied expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. Applied determines revenue recognition through the following five steps: (1) identification of the contract(s) with customers, (2) identification of the performance obligations in the contract, (3) determination of the transaction price, (4) allocation of the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract, and (5) recognition of revenue when, or as, a performance obligation is satisfied.
Identifying the contract(s) with customers. Applied sells manufacturing equipment, services, and spare parts directly to its customers in the semiconductor, display, and related industries. The Company generally considers written documentation including, but not limited to, signed purchase orders, master agreements, and sales orders as contracts provided that collection is probable. Collectability is assessed based on the customer’s creditworthiness determined by reviewing the customer’s published credit and financial information, historical payment experience, as well as other relevant factors.
Identifying the performance obligations. Applied’s performance obligations include delivery of manufacturing equipment, service agreements, spare parts, installation, extended warranty and training. Applied’s service agreements are considered one performance obligation and may include multiple goods and services that Applied provides to the customer to deliver against a performance metric. Judgment is used to determine whether multiple promised goods or services in a contract should be accounted for separately or as a group.
Determine the transaction price. The transaction price for Applied’s contracts with customers may include fixed and variable consideration. Applied includes variable consideration in the transaction price to the extent that it is probable that a significant reversal of revenue will not occur when the uncertainty associated with the variable consideration is subsequently resolved.
Allocate the transaction price to the performance obligations. A contract’s transaction price is allocated to each distinct performance obligation identified within the contract. Applied generally estimates the standalone selling price of a distinct performance obligation based on historical cost plus an appropriate margin. For contracts with multiple performance obligations, Applied allocates the contract’s transaction price to each performance obligation using the relative standalone selling price of each distinct good or service in the contract.
Recognizing the revenue as performance obligations are satisfied. Applied recognizes revenue from equipment and spares parts at a point in time when Applied has satisfied its performance obligation by transferring control of the goods to the customer which typically occurs at shipment or delivery. Revenue from service agreements is recognized over time, typically within 12 months, as customers receive the benefits of services.
The incremental costs to obtain a contract are not material.
71
Payment Terms. Payment terms vary by contract. Generally, the majority of payments are due within a certain number of days from shipment of goods or performance of service. The remainder is typically due upon customer technical acceptance. Applied typically receives deposits on future deliverables from customers in the Semiconductor Systems and Display and Adjacent Markets segments and, in certain instances, may also receive deposits from customers in the Applied Global Services segment. Applied’s payment terms do not generally contain a significant financing component.
Shipping and Handling Costs
Applied accounts for shipping and handling activities related to contracts with customers as costs to fulfill our promise to transfer the associated products. Accordingly, amounts billed for shipping and handling costs are recorded as a component of net sales and costs as a component of cost of products sold.
Warranty
Applied provides for the estimated cost of warranty when revenue is recognized. Estimated warranty costs are determined by analyzing specific product, current and historical configuration statistics and regional warranty support costs. Applied’s warranty obligation is affected by product and component failure rates, material usage and labor costs incurred in correcting product failures during the warranty period. If actual warranty costs differ substantially from Applied’s estimates, revisions to the estimated warranty liability would be required.
Applied also sells extended warranty contracts to its customers which provide an extension of the standard warranty coverage period of up to 2 years. Applied receives payment at the inception of the contract and recognizes revenue ratably over the extended warranty coverage period, as the customer simultaneously receives and consumes the benefits of the extended warranty.
Sales and Value Added Taxes
Taxes collected from customers and remitted to governmental authorities are presented on a net basis in the Consolidated Statements of Operations.
Research, Development and Engineering Costs
Research, development and engineering costs are expensed as incurred.
Income Taxes
Applied recognizes a current tax liability for the estimated amount of income tax payable on tax returns for the current fiscal year. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the estimated future tax effects of temporary differences between the book and tax bases of assets and liabilities. Deferred tax assets are also recognized for net operating loss and tax credit carryovers. Deferred tax assets are offset by a valuation allowance to the extent it is more likely than not that they are not expected to be realized.
Applied recognizes tax benefits from uncertain tax positions only if it is more likely than not that the tax position will be sustained upon examination by the taxing authorities, based on the technical merits of the position. The tax benefits recognized from such positions are estimated based on the largest benefit that has a greater than 50% likelihood of being realized upon ultimate settlement. Any changes in judgment related to uncertain tax positions are recognized in Applied’s provision for income taxes in the quarter in which such change occurs. Interest and penalties related to uncertain tax positions are recognized in Applied’s provision for income taxes.
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Derivative Financial Instruments
Applied uses financial instruments, such as foreign currency forward and option contracts, to hedge a portion of, but not all, existing and anticipated foreign currency denominated transactions typically expected to occur within 24 months. The purpose of Applied’s foreign currency management is to mitigate the effect of exchange rate fluctuations on certain foreign currency denominated revenues, costs and eventual cash flows. In certain cases, Applied also uses interest rate swap or lock agreements to hedge against the variability of cash flows due to changes in the benchmark interest rate of fixed rate debt. The terms of derivative financial instruments used for hedging purposes are generally consistent with the timing of the transactions being hedged. Applied’s derivative financial instruments are recorded as assets or liabilities at fair value and reported at gross on its Consolidated Balance Sheets. However, under master netting agreements in place with its counterparties, Applied may net settle transactions of the same currency under certain circumstances. For derivative instruments designated and qualifying as cash flow hedges, the gain or loss is reported as a component of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) in stockholders’ equity, and is reclassified into earnings when the hedged transaction affects earnings. Any portion excluded from the assessment of effectiveness is recognized in the same line as the hedged transaction but may be recognized in a different manner, e.g. amortized. If a hedged transaction becomes probable of not occurring according to the original strategy, the hedge relationship is discontinued and the gain or loss on the associated derivative is recorded promptly in earnings. For hedges of existing foreign currency denominated assets or liabilities, the gain or loss is recorded promptly in earnings to offset the changes in the fair value of the assets or liabilities being hedged.
Foreign Currency
As of October 30, 2022, all of Applied’s subsidiaries use the United States dollar as their functional currency. Accordingly, assets and liabilities of these subsidiaries are remeasured using exchange rates in effect at the end of the period, except for non-monetary assets, such as inventories and property, plant and equipment, which are remeasured using historical exchange rates. Foreign currency-denominated revenues and costs are remeasured using average exchange rates for the period, except for costs related to the non-monetary assets and liabilities, which are remeasured using historical exchange rates. The resulting remeasurement gains and losses are included in interest and other income, net in the Consolidated Statements of Operations as incurred.
Concentrations of Credit Risk
Financial instruments that potentially subject Applied to significant concentrations of credit risk consist principally of cash equivalents, investments, trade accounts receivable and derivative financial instruments used in hedging activities. Applied invests in a variety of financial instruments, such as, but not limited to, commercial paper, corporate and municipal bonds, United States Treasury and agency securities, and asset-backed and mortgage-backed securities, and, by policy, limits the amount of credit exposure with any one financial institution or commercial issuer. Applied is exposed to credit-related losses in the event of nonperformance by counterparties to derivative financial instruments, but does not expect any counterparties to fail to meet their obligations. Applied performs ongoing credit evaluations of its customers’ financial condition and generally requires no collateral to secure accounts receivable. Applied maintains an allowance for potentially uncollectible accounts receivable based on its assessment of the collectability of accounts receivable. Applied regularly reviews the allowance by considering factors such as historical experience, credit quality, age of the accounts receivable balances, and current economic conditions that may affect a customer’s ability to pay. In addition, Applied utilizes deposits and/or letters of credit to mitigate credit risk when considered appropriate.
Recent Accounting Pronouncements
Accounting Standards Adopted
Simplifying the Accounting for Income Taxes. In December 2019, the Financial Accounting Standard Board (FASB) issued an accounting standard update to simplify the accounting for income taxes (Topic 740). This amendment removes certain exceptions and improves consistent application of accounting principles for certain areas in Topic 740. Applied adopted this authoritative guidance in the first quarter of fiscal 2022. The adoption of this guidance did not have a significant impact on Applied’s consolidated financial statements.
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Accounting Standards Not Yet Adopted
Fair Value Measurement of Equity Securities Subject to Contractual Sale Restrictions. In June 2022, the FASB issued an accounting standard update which clarifies how the fair value of equity securities subject to contractual sale restrictions is determined (Topic 820). The amendment clarifies that a contractual sale restriction should not be considered in measuring fair value. It also requires certain qualitative and quantitative disclosures related to equity securities subject to contractual sale restrictions. This authoritative guidance will be effective for Applied in the first quarter of fiscal 2025, with early adoption permitted. Applied is currently evaluating the effect of this new guidance on Applied’s consolidated financial statements.
Contract Assets and Contract Liabilities from Revenue Contracts with Customers in a Business Combination. In October 2021, the FASB issued an accounting standard update to improve the accounting for contract assets and contract liabilities from revenue contracts with customers in a business combination (Topic 805). This amendment improves comparability for both the recognition and measurement of acquired revenue contracts with customers at the date of and after a business combination. This authoritative guidance will be effective for Applied in the first quarter of fiscal 2024, with early adoption permitted. Applied is currently evaluating the effect of this new guidance on Applied’s consolidated financial statements.
Note 2 Earnings Per Share
Basic earnings per share is determined using the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period. Diluted earnings per share is determined using the weighted average number of common shares and potential common shares (representing the dilutive effect of restricted stock units, and employee stock purchase plan shares) outstanding during the period. Applied’s net income has not been adjusted for any period presented for purposes of computing basic or diluted earnings per share due to the Company’s non-complex capital structure.
| Fiscal Year | 2022 | 2021 | 2020 | ||||||||||||||
| (In millions, except per share amounts) | |||||||||||||||||
| Numerator: | |||||||||||||||||
| Net income | $ | 6,525 | $ | 5,888 | $ | 3,619 | |||||||||||
| Denominator: | |||||||||||||||||
| Weighted average common shares outstanding | 871 | 910 | 916 | ||||||||||||||
| Effect of weighted dilutive restricted stock units and employee stock purchase plan shares | 6 | 9 | 7 | ||||||||||||||
| Denominator for diluted earnings per share | 877 | 919 | 923 | ||||||||||||||
| Basic earnings per share | $ | 7.49 | $ | 6.47 | $ | 3.95 | |||||||||||
| Diluted earnings per share | $ | 7.44 | $ | 6.40 | $ | 3.92 | |||||||||||
| Potentially weighted dilutive securities | 3 | — | — | ||||||||||||||
Potentially weighted dilutive securities attributable to outstanding restricted stock units are excluded from the calculation of diluted earnings per share where the combined exercise price and average unamortized fair value are greater than the average market price of Applied common stock, and therefore their inclusion would be anti-dilutive.
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Note 3 Cash, Cash Equivalents and Investments
Summary of Cash, Cash Equivalents and Investments
The following tables summarize Applied’s cash, cash equivalents and investments by security type:
| October 30, 2022 | Cost | Gross Unrealized Gains | Gross Unrealized Losses | Estimated Fair Value | |||||||||||||||||||
| (In millions) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Cash | $ | 1,199 | $ | — | $ | — | $ | 1,199 | |||||||||||||||
| Cash equivalents: | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Money market funds | 660 | — | — | 660 | |||||||||||||||||||
| U.S. Treasury and agency securities | 4 | — | — | 4 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Municipal securities | 13 | — | — | 13 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Commercial paper, corporate bonds and medium-term notes | 119 | — | — | 119 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Total Cash equivalents | 796 | — | — | 796 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Total Cash and Cash equivalents | $ | 1,995 | $ | — | $ | — | $ | 1,995 | |||||||||||||||
| Short-term and long-term investments: | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Bank certificate of deposit | $ | 7 | $ | — | $ | — | $ | 7 | |||||||||||||||
| U.S. Treasury and agency securities | 435 | — | 13 | 422 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Non-U.S. government securities* | 7 | — | 1 | 6 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Municipal securities | 389 | — | 16 | 373 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Commercial paper, corporate bonds and medium-term notes | 595 | — | 21 | 574 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Asset-backed and mortgage-backed securities | 432 | — | 19 | 413 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Total fixed income securities | 1,865 | — | 70 | 1,795 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Publicly traded equity securities | 85 | 63 | 26 | 122 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Equity investments in privately-held companies | 567 | 86 | 4 | 649 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Total equity investments | 652 | 149 | 30 | 771 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Total short-term and long-term investments | $ | 2,517 | $ | 149 | $ | 100 | $ | 2,566 | |||||||||||||||
| Total Cash, Cash equivalents and Investments | $ | 4,512 | $ | 149 | $ | 100 | $ | 4,561 | |||||||||||||||
_________________________
* Includes Canadian provincial government debt
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| October 31, 2021 | Cost | Gross Unrealized Gains | Gross Unrealized Losses | Estimated Fair Value | |||||||||||||||||||
| (In millions) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Cash | $ | 1,407 | $ | — | $ | — | $ | 1,407 | |||||||||||||||
| Cash equivalents: | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Money market funds | 3,556 | — | — | 3,556 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Municipal securities | 22 | — | — | 22 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Commercial paper, corporate bonds and medium-term notes | 10 | — | — | 10 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Total Cash equivalents | 3,588 | — | — | 3,588 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Total Cash and Cash equivalents | $ | 4,995 | $ | — | $ | — | $ | 4,995 | |||||||||||||||
| Short-term and long-term investments: | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| U.S. Treasury and agency securities | $ | 314 | $ | — | $ | — | $ | 314 | |||||||||||||||
| Non-U.S. government securities* | 5 | — | — | 5 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Municipal securities | 367 | 3 | 1 | 369 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Commercial paper, corporate bonds and medium-term notes | 587 | 2 | 2 | 587 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Asset-backed and mortgage-backed securities | 555 | 3 | 1 | 557 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Total fixed income securities | 1,828 | 8 | 4 | 1,832 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Publicly traded equity securities | 22 | 39 | 3 | 58 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Equity investments in privately-held companies | 561 | 82 | 14 | 629 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Total equity investments | 583 | 121 | 17 | 687 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Total short-term and long-term investments | $ | 2,411 | $ | 129 | $ | 21 | $ | 2,519 | |||||||||||||||
| Total Cash, Cash equivalents and Investments | $ | 7,406 | $ | 129 | $ | 21 | $ | 7,514 | |||||||||||||||
________________________
*Includes Canadian provincial government debt.
Maturities of Investments
The following table summarizes the contractual maturities of Applied’s investments at October 30, 2022:
| Cost | Estimated Fair Value | ||||||||||
| (In millions) | |||||||||||
| Due in one year or less | $ | 538 | $ | 531 | |||||||
| Due after one through five years | 888 | 844 | |||||||||
| Due after five years | 7 | 7 | |||||||||
| No single maturity date** | 1,084 | 1,184 | |||||||||
| Total | $ | 2,517 | $ | 2,566 | |||||||
_________________________
** Securities with no single maturity date include publicly-traded and privately-held equity securities and asset-backed and mortgage-backed securities.
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Gains and Losses on Investments
At October 30, 2022, gross unrealized losses related to Applied’s debt investment portfolio were not material. Applied regularly reviews its debt investment portfolio to identify and evaluate investments that have indications of possible impairment from credit losses or other factors. Factors considered in determining whether an unrealized loss is considered to be a credit loss include: the significance of the decline in value compared to the cost basis; the financial condition; credit quality and near-term prospects of the investee; and whether it is more likely than not that Applied will be required to sell the security prior to recovery. Credit losses related to available-for-sale debt securities are recorded as an allowance for credit losses through interest and other income, net. Any additional changes in fair value that are not related to credit losses are recognized in accumulated other comprehensive income.
During fiscal 2022, 2021 and 2020, gross realized gains and losses related to Applied’s debt investment portfolio investments were not material.
During fiscal 2022 and 2021, Applied did not recognize significant credit losses and the ending allowance for credit losses was not material. Applied determined that the gross unrealized losses on its marketable fixed-income securities at October 25, 2020 were temporary in nature and therefore it did not recognize any impairment of its marketable fixed-income securities for fiscal 2020. During fiscal 2022, 2021 and 2020, impairment charges on equity investments in privately-held companies were not material. These impairment charges are included in interest and other income, net in the Consolidated Statement of Operations.
The components of gain (loss) on equity investments for each fiscal year were as follows:
| 2022 | 2021 | 2020 | |||||||||||||||
| (In millions) | |||||||||||||||||
| Publicly traded equity securities | |||||||||||||||||
| Unrealized gain | $ | 30 | $ | 14 | $ | 14 | |||||||||||
| Unrealized loss | (62) | (11) | (17) | ||||||||||||||
| Realized gain on sales | 7 | 2 | 1 | ||||||||||||||
| Equity investments in privately-held companies | |||||||||||||||||
| Unrealized gain | 41 | 65 | 18 | ||||||||||||||
| Unrealized loss | (5) | (12) | (7) | ||||||||||||||
| Realized gain on sales | 3 | 48 | 8 | ||||||||||||||
| Realized loss on sales or impairment | (7) | (7) | (8) | ||||||||||||||
| Total gain (loss) on equity investments, net | $ | 7 | $ | 99 | $ | 9 | |||||||||||
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Note 4 Fair Value Measurements
Applied’s financial assets are measured and recorded at fair value on a recurring basis, except for equity investments in privately-held companies. These equity investments are generally accounted for under the measurement alternative, defined as cost, less impairments, adjusted for subsequent observable price changes and are periodically assessed for impairment when events or circumstances indicate that a decline in value may have occurred. Applied’s nonfinancial assets, such as goodwill, intangible assets, and property, plant and equipment, are recorded at cost and are assessed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value of an asset may not be recoverable.
Fair Value Hierarchy
Applied uses the following fair value hierarchy, which prioritizes the inputs to valuation techniques used to measure fair value into three levels and bases the categorization within the hierarchy upon the lowest level of input that is available and significant to the fair value measurement:
•Level 1 — Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities;
•Level 2 — Inputs other than Level 1 that are observable, either directly or indirectly, such as quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities, quoted prices in markets that are not active, or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data for substantially the full term of the assets or liabilities; and
•Level 3 — Unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activity and that are significant to the fair value of the assets or liabilities.
Applied’s investments consist primarily of debt securities that are classified as available-for-sale and recorded at their fair values. In determining the fair value of investments, Applied uses pricing information from pricing services that value securities based on quoted market prices and models that utilize observable market inputs. In the event a fair value estimate is unavailable from a pricing service, Applied generally obtains non-binding price quotes from brokers. Applied then reviews the information provided by the pricing services or brokers to determine the fair value of its short-term and long-term investments. In addition, to validate pricing information obtained from pricing services, Applied periodically performs supplemental analysis on a sample of securities. Applied reviews any significant unanticipated differences identified through this analysis to determine the appropriate fair value. As of October 30, 2022, substantially all of Applied’s available-for-sale, short-term and long-term investments were recognized at fair value that was determined based upon observable inputs.
Applied’s equity investments with readily determinable values consist of publicly traded equity securities. These investments are measured at fair value using quoted prices for identical assets in an active market and the changes in fair value of these equity investments are recognized in the consolidated statements of operations.
Investments with remaining effective maturities of 12 months or less from the balance sheet date are classified as short-term investments. Investments with remaining effective maturities of more than 12 months from the balance sheet date are classified as long-term investments.
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Assets Measured at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis
Financial assets (excluding cash balances) measured at fair value on a recurring basis are summarized below:
| October 30, 2022 | October 31, 2021 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Level 1 | Level 2 | Total | Level 1 | Level 2 | Total | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (In millions) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Assets: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Available-for-sale debt security investments | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Money market funds* | $ | 765 | $ | — | $ | 765 | $ | 3,662 | $ | — | $ | 3,662 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Bank certificate of deposit | — | 7 | 7 | — | — | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| U.S. Treasury and agency securities | 404 | 22 | 426 | 296 | 18 | 314 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Non-U.S. government securities | — | 6 | 6 | — | 5 | 5 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Municipal securities | — | 386 | 386 | — | 391 | 391 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Commercial paper, corporate bonds and medium-term notes | — | 693 | 693 | — | 597 | 597 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Asset-backed and mortgage-backed securities | — | 413 | 413 | — | 557 | 557 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total available-for-sale debt security investments | $ | 1,169 | $ | 1,527 | $ | 2,696 | $ | 3,958 | $ | 1,568 | $ | 5,526 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Equity investments with readily determinable values | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Publicly traded equity securities | $ | 122 | $ | — | $ | 122 | $ | 58 | $ | — | $ | 58 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total equity investments with readily determinable values | $ | 122 | $ | — | $ | 122 | $ | 58 | $ | — | $ | 58 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total | $ | 1,291 | $ | 1,527 | $ | 2,818 | $ | 4,016 | $ | 1,568 | $ | 5,584 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
_________________________
* Amounts as of October 30, 2022 and October 31, 2021 include $105 million and $106 million, respectively, invested in money market funds related to deferred compensation plans. Due to restrictions on the distribution of these funds, they are classified as restricted cash equivalents and are included in in the Consolidated Condensed Balance Sheets.
Applied did not have any financial assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis within Level 3 fair value measurements as of October 30, 2022 or October 31, 2021.
Assets and Liabilities without Readily Determinable Values Measured on a Non-recurring Basis
Applied’s equity investments without readily determinable values consist of equity investments in privately-held companies. Applied elected the measurement alternative, defined as cost, less impairments, adjusted for subsequent observable price changes on a prospective basis for certain equity investments without readily determinable fair values and is required to account for any subsequent observable changes in fair value within the statements of operations. These investments are classified as Level 3 within the fair value hierarchy and periodically assessed for impairment when an event or circumstance indicates that a decline in value may have occurred.
During fiscal 2022, 2021 and 2020, impairment charges on equity investments in privately-held companies were not material.
Other
The carrying amounts of Applied’s financial instruments, including cash and cash equivalents, restricted cash equivalents, accounts receivable, notes payable - short term, and accounts payable and accrued expenses, approximate fair value due to their short maturities. At October 30, 2022, the aggregate principal amount of long-term senior unsecured notes was $5.5 billion, and the estimated fair value was $4.8 billion. At October 31, 2021, the aggregate principal amount of long-term senior unsecured notes was $5.5 billion and the estimated fair value was $6.4 billion. The estimated fair value of long-term senior unsecured notes is determined by Level 2 inputs and is based primarily on quoted market prices for the same or similar issues. See Note 10 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements for further detail of existing debt.
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Note 5 Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities
Derivative Financial Instruments
Applied conducts business in a number of foreign countries, with certain transactions denominated in local currencies, such as the Japanese yen, Israeli shekel, euro and Taiwanese dollar. Applied uses derivative financial instruments, such as foreign currency forward and option contracts, to hedge certain forecasted foreign currency denominated transactions expected to occur typically within the next 24 months. The purpose of Applied’s foreign currency management is to mitigate the effect of exchange rate fluctuations on certain foreign currency denominated revenues, costs and eventual cash flows. The terms of currency instruments used for hedging purposes are generally consistent with the timing of the transactions being hedged.
Applied does not use derivative financial instruments for trading or speculative purposes. Derivative instruments and hedging activities, including foreign exchange and interest rate contracts, are recognized on the balance sheet at fair value. Changes in the fair value of derivatives that do not qualify for hedge accounting treatment are recognized currently in earnings. All of Applied’s derivative financial instruments are recorded at their fair value in other current assets or in accounts payable and accrued expenses.
Hedges related to anticipated transactions are designated and documented at the inception of the hedge as cash flow hedges and foreign exchange derivatives are typically entered into once per month. Cash flow hedges are evaluated for effectiveness quarterly. The effective portion of the gain or loss on these hedges is reported as a component of AOCI in stockholders’ equity and is reclassified into earnings when the hedged transaction affects earnings. The majority of the after-tax net income or loss related to foreign exchange derivative instruments included in AOCI at October 30, 2022 is expected to be reclassified into earnings within 12 months. Changes in fair value caused by changes in time value of option contracts designated as cash flow hedges are excluded from the assessment of effectiveness. The initial value of this excluded component is amortized on a straight-line basis over the life of the hedging instrument and recognized in the financial statement line item to which the hedge relates. If the transaction being hedged is probable not to occur, Applied promptly recognizes the gain or loss on the associated financial instrument in the consolidated condensed statement of operations. The amount recognized due to discontinuance of cash flow hedges that were probable of not occurring by the end of the originally specified time period was not significant for fiscal years 2022, 2021 or 2020.
Foreign currency forward contracts are generally used to hedge certain foreign currency denominated assets or liabilities. Accordingly, changes in the fair value of these hedges are recorded in earnings to offset the changes in the fair value of the assets or liabilities being hedged.
As of October 30, 2022 and October 31, 2021, the total outstanding notional amounts of foreign exchange contracts were both $2.1 billion. The fair values of foreign exchange derivative instruments at October 30, 2022 and October 31, 2021 were not material.
The gain (loss) on derivatives in cash flow hedging relationships recognized in AOCI for derivatives designated as hedging instruments for the indicated periods were as follows:
| Derivatives in Cash Flow Hedging Relationships | |||||||||||||||||
| 2022 | 2021 | 2020 | |||||||||||||||
| (In millions) | |||||||||||||||||
| Foreign exchange contracts | $ | 128 | $ | 36 | $ | 3 | |||||||||||
| Interest rate contracts | — | — | (151) | ||||||||||||||
| Total | $ | 128 | $ | 36 | $ | (148) | |||||||||||
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The effects of derivative instruments and hedging activities on the Consolidated Statements of Operations were as follows:
| Derivatives in Cash Flow Hedging Relationships | |||||||||||||||||
| Total Amount Presented in the Consolidated Statement of Operations in which the Effects of Cash Flow Hedges are Recorded | Amount of Gain or (Loss) Reclassified from AOCI into Consolidated Statement of Operations | Amounts of Gain (Loss) Excluded from Effectiveness Testing Recognized in Consolidated Statement of Operations | |||||||||||||||
| (In millions) | |||||||||||||||||
| 2022 | |||||||||||||||||
| Foreign Exchange Contracts: | |||||||||||||||||
| Net Sales | $ | 25,785 | $ | 100 | $ | — | |||||||||||
| Cost of products sold | $ | 13,792 | (12) | — | |||||||||||||
| Research, development and engineering | $ | 2,771 | (7) | (1) | |||||||||||||
| Marketing and selling | $ | 703 | (3) | — | |||||||||||||
| General and administrative | $ | 735 | (3) | — | |||||||||||||
| Interest Rate Contracts: | |||||||||||||||||
| Interest expense | $ | 228 | (13) | — | |||||||||||||
| $ | 62 | $ | (1) | ||||||||||||||
| 2021 | |||||||||||||||||
| Foreign Exchange Contracts: | |||||||||||||||||
| Net Sales | $ | 23,063 | $ | 4 | $ | — | |||||||||||
| Cost of products sold | $ | 12,149 | 2 | (2) | |||||||||||||
| Research, development and engineering | $ | 2,485 | 3 | — | |||||||||||||
| General and administrative | $ | 620 | 1 | — | |||||||||||||
| Interest Rate Contracts: | |||||||||||||||||
| Interest expense | $ | 236 | (13) | — | |||||||||||||
| $ | (3) | $ | (2) | ||||||||||||||
| 2020 | |||||||||||||||||
| Foreign Exchange Contracts: | |||||||||||||||||
| Net Sales | $ | 17,202 | $ | (2) | $ | 4 | |||||||||||
| Cost of products sold | $ | 9,510 | 6 | (3) | |||||||||||||
| Research, development and engineering | $ | 2,234 | 4 | — | |||||||||||||
| General and administrative | $ | 567 | 1 | — | |||||||||||||
| Interest Rate Contracts: | |||||||||||||||||
| Interest expense | $ | 240 | (7) | — | |||||||||||||
| $ | 2 | $ | 1 | ||||||||||||||
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| Amount of Gain or (Loss) Recognized in Consolidated Statement of Operations | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Location of Gain or (Loss) Recognized in Consolidated Statement of Operations | 2022 | 2021 | 2020 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| (In millions) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Derivatives Not Designated as Hedging Instruments | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Foreign exchange contracts | Interest and other income, net | $ | 67 | $ | 29 | $ | (10) | ||||||||||||||||
| Total return swaps - deferred compensation | Cost of products sold | (3) | 3 | 1 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Total return swaps - deferred compensation | Operating expenses | (29) | 29 | 6 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Total return swaps - deferred compensation | Interest and other income, net | (2) | (1) | (1) | |||||||||||||||||||
| Total | $ | 33 | $ | 60 | $ | (4) | |||||||||||||||||
Credit Risk Contingent Features
If Applied’s credit rating were to fall below investment grade, it would be in violation of credit risk contingent provisions of the derivative instruments discussed above, and certain counterparties to the derivative instruments could request immediate payment on derivative instruments in net liability positions. The aggregate fair value of all derivative instruments with credit-risk related contingent features that were in a net liability position was immaterial as of October 30, 2022 and October 31, 2021.
Entering into derivative contracts with banks exposes Applied to credit-related losses in the event of the banks’ nonperformance. However, Applied’s exposure is not considered significant.
Note 6 Accounts Receivable, Net
Applied has agreements with various financial institutions to sell accounts receivable and discount promissory notes from selected customers. Applied sells its accounts receivable generally without recourse. Applied, from time to time, also discounts letters of credit issued by customers through various financial institutions. The discounting of letters of credit depends on many factors, including the willingness of financial institutions to discount the letters of credit and the cost of such arrangements.
Applied sold $1.0 billion, $1.3 billion and $1.2 billion of accounts receivable during fiscal 2022, 2021 and 2020, respectively. Applied did not discount letters of credit issued by customers in fiscal 2022 and 2021. Applied discounted letters of credit issued by customers of $105 million in fiscal 2020. There was no discounting of promissory notes in each of fiscal 2022, 2021 and 2020. Financing charges on the sale of receivables and discounting of letters of credit are included in interest expense in the accompanying Consolidated Statements of Operations and were not material for all years presented.
Accounts receivable are presented net of allowance for credit losses of $29 million at October 30, 2022 and October 31, 2021. Changes in allowance for credit losses in each fiscal year were as follows:
| 2022 | 2021 | 2020 | |||||||||||||||
| (In millions) | |||||||||||||||||
| Beginning balance | $ | 29 | $ | 30 | $ | 30 | |||||||||||
| Provision | — | — | — | ||||||||||||||
Deductions1 | — | (1) | — | ||||||||||||||
| Ending balance | $ | 29 | $ | 29 | $ | 30 | |||||||||||
_____________________________
1 Deductions primarily represent releases of credit losses credited to expense as a result of an overall lower risk profile of Applied’s customers and cash collections.
Applied sells its products principally to manufacturers within the semiconductor and display industries. While Applied believes that its allowance for credit losses is adequate and represents its best estimate as of October 30, 2022, it continues to closely monitor customer liquidity and industry and economic conditions, which may result in changes to Applied’s estimates.
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Note 7 Contract Balances
Contract assets primarily result from receivables for goods transferred to customers where payment is conditional upon technical sign off and not just the passage of time. Contract liabilities consist of unsatisfied performance obligations related to advance payments received and billings in excess of revenue recognized. Applied’s contract assets and liabilities are reported in a net position on a contract-by-contract basis at the end of each reporting period.
Contract assets are generally classified as current and are included in Other Current Assets in the Consolidated Balance Sheets. Contract liabilities are classified as current or non-current based on the timing of when performance obligations will be satisfied and associated revenue is expected to be recognized.
Contract balances at the end of each reporting period were as follows:
| October 30, 2022 | October 31, 2021 | ||||||||||
| (In millions) | |||||||||||
| Contract assets | $ | 173 | $ | 201 | |||||||
| Contract liabilities | $ | 3,142 | $ | 2,076 | |||||||
The decrease in contract assets during fiscal 2022, was primarily due to an increase in unsatisfied performance obligations related to goods transferred to customers where payment was conditional upon technical sign off.
During fiscal 2022, Applied recognized revenue of approximately $1.9 billion related to contract liabilities at October 31, 2021. This reduction in contract liabilities was offset by new billings for products and services for which there were unsatisfied performance obligations to customers and revenue had not yet been recognized as of October 30, 2022.
There were no credit losses recognized on Applied’s accounts receivables and contract assets during fiscal 2022 and 2021.
As of October 30, 2022, the amount of remaining unsatisfied performance obligations on contracts with an original estimated duration of one year or more was approximately $4.8 billion, of which approximately 28% is expected to be recognized within 12 months and the remainder is expected to be recognized within the following 24 months thereafter.
New export rules and regulations issued in December 2022 are expected to reduce remaining unsatisfied performance obligations on contracts with an original estimated duration of one year or more by approximately $944 million, none of which was expected to be recognized within 12 months.
Applied has elected the available practical expedient to exclude the value of unsatisfied performance obligations for contracts with an original expected duration of one year or less.
Note 8 Balance Sheet Detail
| October 30, 2022 | October 31, 2021 | ||||||||||
| (In millions) | |||||||||||
| Inventories | |||||||||||
| Customer service spares | $ | 1,409 | $ | 1,251 | |||||||
| Raw materials | 1,807 | 1,136 | |||||||||
| Work-in-process | 1,029 | 873 | |||||||||
| Finished goods | 1,687 | 1,049 | |||||||||
| $ | 5,932 | $ | 4,309 | ||||||||
Included in finished goods inventory are $704 million at October 30, 2022 and $325 million at October 31, 2021 of systems at customer locations where the sales transaction did not meet Applied’s revenue recognition criteria as set forth in Note 1, of which $45 million at October 30, 2022 and $58 million at October 31, 2021 is related to newly-introduced systems. Finished goods inventory includes $422 million and $380 million of evaluation inventory at October 30, 2022 and October 31, 2021, respectively.
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| October 30, 2022 | October 31, 2021 | ||||||||||
| (In millions) | |||||||||||
| Other Current Assets | |||||||||||
| Prepaid income taxes and income taxes receivable | $ | 461 | $ | 593 | |||||||
| Prepaid expenses and other | 883 | 793 | |||||||||
| $ | 1,344 | $ | 1,386 | ||||||||
| Useful Life | October 30, 2022 | October 31, 2021 | |||||||||||||||
| (In years) | (In millions) | ||||||||||||||||
| Property, Plant and Equipment, Net | |||||||||||||||||
| Land and improvements | $ | 387 | $ | 334 | |||||||||||||
| Buildings and improvements | 3-30 | 2,027 | 1,780 | ||||||||||||||
| Demonstration and manufacturing equipment | 3-5 | 2,083 | 1,820 | ||||||||||||||
| Furniture, fixtures and other equipment | 3-5 | 743 | 720 | ||||||||||||||
| Construction in progress | 389 | 326 | |||||||||||||||
| Gross property, plant and equipment | 5,629 | 4,980 | |||||||||||||||
| Accumulated depreciation | (3,322) | (3,046) | |||||||||||||||
| $ | 2,307 | $ | 1,934 | ||||||||||||||
Depreciation expense was $404 million, $345 million and $320 million for fiscal 2022, 2021 and 2020 respectively.
| October 30, 2022 | October 31, 2021 | ||||||||||
| (In millions) | |||||||||||
| Deferred Income Taxes and Other Assets | |||||||||||
| Non-current deferred income taxes | $ | 1,395 | $ | 1,623 | |||||||
| 389 | 294 | ||||||||||
| Income tax receivables and other assets | 691 | 229 | |||||||||
| $ | 2,475 | $ | 2,146 | ||||||||
| October 30, 2022 | October 31, 2021 | ||||||||||
| (In millions) | |||||||||||
| Accounts Payable and Accrued Expenses | |||||||||||
| Accounts payable | $ | 1,755 | $ | 1,472 | |||||||
| Compensation and employee benefits | 905 | 924 | |||||||||
| Warranty | 286 | 242 | |||||||||
| Dividends payable | 220 | 214 | |||||||||
| Income taxes payable | 319 | 734 | |||||||||
| Other accrued taxes | 30 | 24 | |||||||||
| Interest payable | 39 | 39 | |||||||||
| 85 | 73 | ||||||||||
| Other | 598 | 546 | |||||||||
| $ | 4,237 | $ | 4,268 | ||||||||
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| October 30, 2022 | October 31, 2021 | ||||||||||
| (In millions) | |||||||||||
| Other Liabilities | |||||||||||
| Defined and postretirement benefit plans | $ | 107 | $ | 193 | |||||||
| 287 | 228 | ||||||||||
| Other | 338 | 271 | |||||||||
| $ | 732 | $ | 692 | ||||||||
Note 9 Goodwill, Purchased Technology and Other Intangible Assets
Goodwill and Purchased Intangible Assets
Applied’s methodology for allocating the purchase price relating to purchase acquisitions is determined through established and generally accepted valuation techniques. Goodwill is measured as the excess of the purchase price over the sum of the amounts assigned to tangible and identifiable intangible assets acquired less liabilities assumed. Applied assigns assets acquired (including goodwill) and liabilities assumed to one or more reporting units as of the date of acquisition. Typically, acquisitions relate to a single reporting unit and thus do not require the allocation of goodwill to multiple reporting units. If the products obtained in an acquisition are assigned to multiple reporting units, the goodwill is distributed to the respective reporting units as part of the purchase price allocation process.
Goodwill and purchased intangible assets with indefinite useful lives are not amortized but are reviewed for impairment annually during the fourth quarter of each fiscal year and whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value of an asset may not be recoverable. The process of evaluating the potential impairment of goodwill and intangible assets requires significant judgment, especially in emerging markets. When reviewing goodwill for impairment, Applied first performs a qualitative assessment to determine whether it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying value.
In performing a qualitative assessment, Applied considers business conditions and other factors including, but not limited to (i) adverse industry or economic trends, (ii) restructuring actions and lower projections that may impact future operating results, (iii) sustained decline in share price, and (iv) overall financial performance and other events affecting the reporting units. If Applied concludes that it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount, then a quantitative impairment test is performed by estimating the fair value of the reporting unit and comparing it to its carrying value. If the carrying value of a reporting unit exceeds its fair value, Applied would record an impairment charge equal to the excess of the carrying value of the reporting unit over its fair value.
As of October 30, 2022, Applied’s reporting units include Semiconductor Products Group and Imaging and Process Control Group, which combine to form the Semiconductor Systems reporting segment, Applied Global Services, Display and Adjacent Markets and other reporting units recorded under Corporate and Other.
In the fourth quarter of fiscal 2022, Applied performed a qualitative assessment to test goodwill for all of its reporting units for impairment. Applied determined that it was more likely than not that each of its reporting units’ fair values exceeded their respective carrying values and that it was not necessary to perform the quantitative goodwill impairment test for any of its reporting units. The evaluation of goodwill and intangible assets for impairment requires the exercise of significant judgment. In the event of future changes in business conditions, Applied will be required to reassess and update its forecasts and estimates used in future impairment analyses. If the results of these future analyses are lower than current estimates, a material impairment charge may result at that time.
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Details of goodwill and indefinite-lived intangible assets as of:
| October 30, 2022 | October 31, 2021 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Goodwill | Indefinite-lived Intangible Assets | Total | Goodwill | Indefinite-lived Intangible Assets | Total | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (In millions) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Semiconductor Systems | $ | 2,428 | $ | 16 | $ | 2,444 | $ | 2,207 | $ | — | $ | 2,207 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Applied Global Services | 1,032 | — | 1,032 | 1,032 | — | 1,032 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Display and Adjacent Markets | 199 | — | 199 | 199 | — | 199 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Corporate and Other | 41 | 1 | 42 | 41 | — | 41 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Carrying amount | $ | 3,700 | $ | 17 | $ | 3,717 | $ | 3,479 | $ | — | $ | 3,479 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
From time to time, Applied makes acquisitions of companies related to existing or new markets for Applied. During fiscal 2022, goodwill and indefinite-lived intangible assets increased by $221 million and $17 million, respectively, primarily due to the preliminary purchase accounting for acquisitions during the third quarter of fiscal 2022, which were not material to Applied’s results of operations.
A summary of Applied’s purchased technology and intangible assets is set forth below:
| October 30, 2022 | October 31, 2021 | ||||||||||
| (In millions) | |||||||||||
| Purchased technology, net | $ | 256 | $ | 46 | |||||||
| Intangible assets - finite-lived, net | 66 | 58 | |||||||||
| Intangible assets - indefinite-lived | 17 | — | |||||||||
| Total | $ | 339 | $ | 104 | |||||||
The increase in purchased technology and intangible assets during fiscal 2022 was primarily due to the preliminary purchase accounting for acquisitions during the third quarter of fiscal 2022, which were not material to Applied’s results of operations.
Intangible assets that are not subject to amortization consist primarily of in-process technology, which will be subject to amortization upon commercialization. If an in-process technology project is abandoned, the acquired technology attributable to the project will be written-off.
Finite-Lived Purchased Intangible Assets
Applied amortizes purchased intangible assets with finite lives using the straight-line method over the estimated economic lives of the assets, ranging from 1 to 15 years.
Applied evaluates long-lived assets for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate the carrying value of an asset group may not be recoverable. Applied assesses the fair value of the assets based on the amount of the undiscounted future cash flow that the assets are expected to generate and recognizes an impairment loss when estimated undiscounted future cash flow expected to result from the use of the asset, plus net proceeds expected from disposition of the asset, if any, are less than the carrying value of the asset. When Applied identifies an impairment, Applied reduces the carrying value of the group of assets to comparable market values, when available and appropriate, or to its estimated fair value based on a discounted cash flow approach.
Intangible assets, such as purchased technology, are generally recorded in connection with a business acquisition. The value assigned to intangible assets is usually based on estimates and judgments regarding expectations for the success and life cycle of products and technology acquired. Applied evaluates the useful lives of its intangible assets each reporting period to determine whether events and circumstances require revising the remaining period of amortization. In addition, Applied reviews intangible assets for impairment when events or changes in circumstances indicate their carrying value may not be recoverable. Management considers such indicators as significant differences in actual product acceptance from the estimates, changes in the competitive and economic environments, technological advances, and changes in cost structure.
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Details of finite-lived intangible assets were as follows:
| October 30, 2022 | October 31, 2021 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Purchased Technology | Other Intangible Assets | Total | Purchased Technology | Other Intangible Assets | Total | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (In millions) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Gross carrying amount: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Semiconductor Systems | $ | 1,707 | $ | 278 | $ | 1,985 | $ | 1,476 | $ | 256 | $ | 1,732 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Applied Global Services | 35 | 44 | 79 | 35 | 44 | 79 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Display and Adjacent Markets | 158 | 36 | 194 | 163 | 38 | 201 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Corporate and Other | 18 | 18 | 36 | 13 | 16 | 29 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Gross carrying amount | $ | 1,918 | $ | 376 | $ | 2,294 | $ | 1,687 | $ | 354 | $ | 2,041 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Accumulated amortization: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Semiconductor Systems | $ | (1,461) | $ | (214) | $ | (1,675) | $ | (1,446) | $ | (203) | $ | (1,649) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Applied Global Services | (33) | (44) | (77) | (32) | (44) | (76) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Display and Adjacent Markets | (158) | (36) | (194) | (161) | (38) | (199) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Corporate and Other | (10) | (16) | (26) | (2) | (11) | (13) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Accumulated amortization | $ | (1,662) | $ | (310) | $ | (1,972) | $ | (1,641) | $ | (296) | $ | (1,937) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Carrying amount | $ | 256 | $ | 66 | $ | 322 | $ | 46 | $ | 58 | $ | 104 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Details of amortization expense for each fiscal year by segment were as follows:
| 2022 | 2021 | 2020 | |||||||||||||||
| (In millions) | |||||||||||||||||
| Semiconductor Systems | $ | 31 | $ | 41 | $ | 40 | |||||||||||
| Applied Global Services | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||||||||||||
| Display and Adjacent Markets | 2 | 5 | 13 | ||||||||||||||
| Corporate and Other | 6 | 2 | 2 | ||||||||||||||
| Total | $ | 40 | $ | 49 | $ | 56 | |||||||||||
Amortization expense for each fiscal year was charged to the following categories:
| 2022 | 2021 | 2020 | |||||||||||||||
| (In millions) | |||||||||||||||||
| Cost of products sold | $ | 27 | $ | 29 | $ | 37 | |||||||||||
| Research, development and engineering | — | 1 | 1 | ||||||||||||||
| Marketing and selling | 13 | 19 | 18 | ||||||||||||||
| Total | $ | 40 | $ | 49 | $ | 56 | |||||||||||
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As of October 30, 2022, future estimated amortization expense of intangible assets with finite lives is expected to be as follows:
| Amortization Expense | |||||
| (In millions) | |||||
| 2023 | $ | 42 | |||
| 2024 | 39 | ||||
| 2025 | 37 | ||||
| 2026 | 37 | ||||
| 2027 | 24 | ||||
| Thereafter | 143 | ||||
| Total | $ | 322 | |||
Note 10 Borrowing Facilities and Debt
Revolving Credit Facilities
In February 2020, Applied entered into a five-year $1.5 billion committed unsecured revolving credit agreement (Revolving Credit Agreement) with a group of banks. The Revolving Credit Agreement includes a provision under which Applied may request an increase in the amount of the facility of up to $500 million for a total commitment of no more than $2.0 billion, subject to the receipt of commitments from one or more lenders for any such increase and other customary conditions. The Revolving Credit Agreement is scheduled to expire in February 2025, unless extended as permitted under the Revolving Credit Agreement. The Revolving Credit Agreement provides for borrowings that bear interest for each advance at one of two rates selected by Applied, plus an applicable margin, which varies according to Applied’s public debt credit ratings. In July 2022, Applied entered into an amendment to the Revolving Credit Agreement which replaced the London interbank offered rate (LIBOR) as a reference rate for borrowings with the secured overnight financing rate (SOFR).
No amounts were outstanding under the Revolving Credit Agreement as of October 30, 2022 and October 31, 2021.
In addition, Applied has revolving credit facilities with Japanese banks pursuant to which it may borrow up to approximately $54 million in aggregate at any time. Applied’s ability to borrow under these facilities is subject to bank approval at the time of the borrowing request, and any advances will be at rates indexed to the banks’ prime reference rate denominated in Japanese yen. As of October 30, 2022 and October 31, 2021, no amounts were outstanding under these revolving credit facilities.
Short-term Commercial Paper
Applied has a short-term commercial paper program under which Applied may issue unsecured commercial paper notes of up to a total amount of $1.5 billion. At October 30, 2022 and October 31, 2021, Applied did not have any commercial paper outstanding. Subsequent to the end of fiscal 2022, Applied issued $200 million of short-term commercial paper with a weighted-average interest rate of 4.30% and maturities ranging from 43 days to 71 days.
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Senior Unsecured Notes
Debt outstanding as of October 30, 2022 and October 31, 2021 was as follows:
| Principal Amount | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| October 30, 2022 | October 31, 2021 | Effective Interest Rate | Interest Pay Dates | ||||||||||||||||||||
| (In millions) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Long-term debt: | |||||||||||||||||||||||
3.900% Senior Notes Due 2025 | $ | 700 | $ | 700 | 3.944% | April 1, October 1 | |||||||||||||||||
3.300% Senior Notes Due 2027 | 1,200 | 1,200 | 3.342% | April 1, October 1 | |||||||||||||||||||
1.750% Senior Notes Due 2030 | 750 | 750 | 1.792% | June 1, December 1 | |||||||||||||||||||
5.100% Senior Notes Due 2035 | 500 | 500 | 5.127% | April 1, October 1 | |||||||||||||||||||
5.850% Senior Notes Due 2041 | 600 | 600 | 5.879% | June 15, December 15 | |||||||||||||||||||
4.350% Senior Notes Due 2047 | 1,000 | 1,000 | 4.361% | April 1, October 1 | |||||||||||||||||||
2.750% Senior Notes Due 2050 | 750 | 750 | 2.773% | June 1, December 1 | |||||||||||||||||||
| 5,500 | 5,500 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total unamortized discount | (12) | (14) | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Total unamortized debt issuance costs | (31) | (34) | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Total long-term debt | $ | 5,457 | $ | 5,452 | |||||||||||||||||||
Note 11 Leases
A contract contains a lease when Applied has the right to control the use of an identified asset for a period of time in exchange for consideration. Applied leases certain facilities, vehicles and equipment under non-cancelable operating leases, many of which include options to renew. Options that are reasonably certain to be exercised are included in the calculation of the right-of-use asset and lease liability. Applied’s leases do not contain residual value guarantees or significant restrictions that impact the accounting for leases. As implicit rates are not available for the leases, Applied uses the incremental borrowing rate as of the lease commencement date in order to measure the right-of-use asset and liability. Operating lease expense is generally recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term.
Applied elected the practical expedient to account for lease and non-lease components as a single lease component for all leases. For leases with a term of one year or less, Applied elected not to record a right-of-use asset or lease liability and to account for the associated lease payments as they become due.
The components of lease expense and supplemental information were as follows:
| 2022 | 2021 | 2020 | |||||||||||||||
| (In millions, except percentage) | |||||||||||||||||
| Operating lease cost | $ | 93 | $ | 79 | $ | 69 | |||||||||||
| Weighted-average remaining lease term (in years) | 6.3 | 5.1 | 5.2 | ||||||||||||||
| Weighted-average discount rate | 2.5 | % | 1.7 | % | 1.8 | % | |||||||||||
Supplemental cash flow information related to leases are as follows:
| 2022 | 2021 | 2020 | |||||||||||||||
| (In millions) | |||||||||||||||||
| Operating cash flows paid for operating leases | $ | 107 | $ | 79 | $ | 70 | |||||||||||
| Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for operating lease liabilities | $ | 204 | $ | 123 | $ | 156 | |||||||||||
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As of October 30, 2022, the maturities of lease liabilities are as follows:
| Operating Leases | |||||
| Fiscal | (In millions) | ||||
| 2023 | $ | 93 | |||
| 2024 | 84 | ||||
| 2025 | 65 | ||||
| 2026 | 34 | ||||
| 2027 | 26 | ||||
| Thereafter | 105 | ||||
| Total lease payments | 407 | ||||
| Less imputed interest | (35) | ||||
| Total | $ | 372 | |||
Note 12 Severance and Related Charges
Fiscal 2021 Severance Plan
In the first quarter of fiscal 2021, Applied enacted a severance plan to realign its workforce. Under this plan, Applied implemented a one-time voluntary retirement program and other workforce reduction actions. The voluntary retirement program was available to certain U.S. employees who met minimum age and length of service requirements, as well as other business-specific criteria. The payments under this plan are paid at the time of termination and the related costs were not allocated to the segments. In addition, Applied implemented other workforce reduction actions globally across the Display and Adjacent Markets business. These costs were recorded under the Display and Adjacent Markets segment.
During fiscal 2022 and 2021, Applied recorded an adjustment of $4 million and recognized a total expense of $157 million, of severance and related charges, respectively, in connection with the Fiscal 2021 Severance Plan.
Severance and related charges and adjustments by segment were as follows:
| 2022 | 2021 | ||||||||||
| (In millions) | |||||||||||
| Display and Adjacent Markets | $ | — | $ | 8 | |||||||
| Corporate and Other | (4) | 149 | |||||||||
| Total | $ | (4) | $ | 157 | |||||||
Changes in severance and related charges reserves related to the Fiscal 2021 Severance Plan described above were as follows:
| Severance and Related Charges Reserves | |||||
| (In millions) | |||||
| Balance as of October 25, 2020 | $ | — | |||
| Provision for severance | 158 | ||||
Adjustment to provision for severance | (1) | ||||
| Consumption of reserves | (140) | ||||
| Balance as of October 31, 2021 | 17 | ||||
Adjustment to provision for severance | (4) | ||||
| Consumption of reserves | (13) | ||||
| Balance as of October 30, 2022 | $ | — | |||
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Note 13 Stockholders’ Equity, Comprehensive Income and Share-Based Compensation
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)
Changes in the components of accumulated other comprehensive income (AOCI), net of tax, were as follows:
| Unrealized Gain (Loss) on Investments, Net | Unrealized Gain (Loss) on Derivative Instruments Qualifying as Cash Flow Hedges | Defined and Postretirement Benefit Plans | Cumulative Translation Adjustments | Total | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (In millions) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Balance at October 27, 2019 | $ | 11 | $ | (16) | $ | (188) | $ | 13 | (180) | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications | 16 | (115) | (21) | — | (120) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Amounts reclassified out of AOCI | (7) | (2) | 10 | — | 1 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax | 9 | (117) | (11) | — | (119) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Balance at October 25, 2020 | $ | 20 | $ | (133) | $ | (199) | $ | 13 | $ | (299) | |||||||||||||||||||
| Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications | (14) | 28 | 20 | — | 34 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Amounts reclassified out of AOCI | (7) | 2 | 10 | — | 5 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other comprehensive income, net of tax | (21) | 30 | 30 | — | 39 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Balance at October 31, 2021 | $ | (1) | $ | (103) | $ | (169) | $ | 13 | $ | (260) | |||||||||||||||||||
| Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications | (60) | 100 | 71 | — | 111 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Amounts reclassified out of AOCI | (14) | (49) | 10 | — | (53) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax | (74) | 51 | 81 | — | 58 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Balance at October 30, 2022 | $ | (75) | $ | (52) | $ | (88) | $ | 13 | $ | (202) | |||||||||||||||||||
The tax effects on net income of amounts reclassified from AOCI for the fiscal years 2022, 2021 and 2020 were $36 million, $19 million and $35 million, respectively.
Stock Repurchase Program
In March 2022, Applied’s Board of Directors approved a common stock repurchase program authorizing $6.0 billion in repurchases, which supplemented the previously existing $7.5 billion authorization approved in March 2021. At October 30, 2022, approximately $4.9 billion remained available for future stock repurchases under the repurchase program.
The following table summarizes Applied’s stock repurchases for each fiscal year:
| 2022 | 2021 | 2020 | |||||||||||||||
| (In millions, except per share amounts) | |||||||||||||||||
| Shares of common stock repurchased | 54 | 28 | 12 | ||||||||||||||
| Cost of stock repurchased | $ | 6,103 | $ | 3,750 | $ | 649 | |||||||||||
| Average price paid per share | $ | 113.84 | $ | 134.03 | $ | 56.32 | |||||||||||
Applied records treasury stock purchases under the cost method using the first-in, first-out (FIFO) method. Upon reissuance of treasury stock, amounts in excess of the acquisition cost are credited to additional paid in capital. If Applied reissues treasury stock at an amount below its acquisition cost and additional paid in capital associated with prior treasury stock transactions is insufficient to cover the difference between the acquisition cost and the reissue price, this difference is recorded against retained earnings.
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Dividends
During fiscal 2022, Applied’s Board of Directors declared one quarterly cash dividend of $0.24 per share and three quarterly cash dividends of $0.26 per share. During fiscal 2021, Applied’s Board of Directors declared one quarterly cash dividend of $0.22 per share and three quarterly cash dividends of $0.24 per share. During fiscal 2020, Applied’s Board of Directors declared one quarterly cash dividend of $0.21 per share and three quarterly cash dividends of $0.22 per share. Dividends paid during fiscal 2022, 2021 and 2020 amounted to $873 million, $838 million and $787 million, respectively. Applied currently anticipates that cash dividends will continue to be paid on a quarterly basis, although the declaration of any future cash dividend is at the discretion of the Board of Directors and will depend on Applied’s financial condition, results of operations, capital requirements, business conditions and other factors, as well as a determination by the Board of Directors that cash dividends are in the best interests of Applied’s stockholders.
Share-Based Compensation
Applied has a stockholder-approved equity plan, the Employee Stock Incentive Plan (ESIP), which permits grants to employees of share-based awards, including stock options, stock appreciation rights, restricted stock, restricted stock units, performance share units and performance units. In addition, the plan provides for the automatic grant of restricted stock units to non-employee directors and permits the grant of share-based awards to non-employee directors and consultants. Share-based awards made under the plan may be subject to accelerated vesting under certain circumstances in the event of a change in control of Applied. In addition, Applied has an Omnibus Employees’ Stock Purchase Plan (ESPP), which enables eligible employees to purchase Applied common stock.
Applied recognized share-based compensation expense related to equity awards and ESPP shares. The effect of share-based compensation on the results of operations and the related tax benefits for each fiscal year were as follows:
| 2022 | 2021 | 2020 | |||||||||||||||
| (In millions) | |||||||||||||||||
| Cost of products sold | $ | 147 | $ | 118 | $ | 103 | |||||||||||
| Research, development, and engineering | 151 | 129 | 116 | ||||||||||||||
| Marketing and selling | 49 | 43 | 36 | ||||||||||||||
| General and administrative | 66 | 56 | 52 | ||||||||||||||
| Total share-based compensation | $ | 413 | $ | 346 | $ | 307 | |||||||||||
| Income tax benefits recognized | $ | 51 | $ | 43 | $ | 39 | |||||||||||
The cost associated with share-based awards is recognized over the awards’ service period for the entire award on a straight-line basis, adjusting for estimated forfeitures. Applied calculates estimated forfeiture rate on an annual basis, based on historical forfeiture activities. Share-based awards granted to certain members of senior management allow for partial accelerated vesting in the event of a qualifying retirement based on age and years of service. The cost associated with performance-based equity awards, which include performance and/or market goals, is recognized for each tranche over the service period. The cost of the portion of performance-based equity awards subject to performance goals is recognized based on an assessment of the likelihood that the applicable performance goals will be achieved, and the cost of the portion of performance-based equity awards subject to market goals is recognized based on the assumption of 100% achievement of the goal.
At October 30, 2022, Applied had $678 million in total unrecognized compensation expense, net of estimated forfeitures, related to grants of share-based awards and shares issued under the ESPP, which will be recognized over a weighted average period of 2.6 years. At October 30, 2022, there were 31 million shares available for grant of share-based awards under the ESIP, and an additional 14 million shares available for issuance under the ESPP.
Stock Options
Stock options are rights to purchase, at future dates, shares of Applied common stock. The exercise price of each stock option equals the fair market value of Applied common stock on the date of grant. Options typically vest over to four years, subject to the grantee’s continued service with Applied through the scheduled vesting date, and expire no later than seven years from the grant date. There were no stock options granted during fiscal 2022, 2021 and 2020. There were no outstanding stock options at the end of fiscal 2022.
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Restricted Stock Units, Restricted Stock, Performance Share Units and Performance Units
Restricted stock units are converted into shares of Applied common stock upon vesting on a one-for-one basis. Restricted stock has the same rights as other issued and outstanding shares of Applied common stock except these shares generally have no right to dividends and are held in escrow until the award vests. Performance share units and performance units are awards that result in a payment to a grantee, generally in shares of Applied common stock on a one-for-one basis, if performance goals, market goals and/or other vesting criteria are achieved or the awards otherwise vest. Restricted stock units, restricted stock, performance share units and performance units typically vest over to four years and vesting is usually subject to the grantee’s continued service with Applied and, in some cases, achievement of specified performance and/or market goals. The compensation expense related to share-based awards subject solely to time-based vesting requirements (Service-Based Awards) is determined using the market value of Applied common stock, adjusted to exclude the present value of expected dividends during the vesting period. The market value of Applied common stock is calculated using the closing price of Applied common stock on the date of grant or if the grant date is not a trading date, the average of the closing prices on the trading dates immediately preceding and following the grant date. The compensation expense is recognized over the vesting period.
During fiscal 2022, 2021 and 2020, certain members of senior management were granted awards that are subject to the achievement of certain levels of specified performance and/or market goals, in addition to time-based vesting requirements (Performance Based-Awards).
Certain of Performance-Based Awards are subject to the achievement of targeted levels of adjusted operating margin and targeted levels of total shareholder return (TSR) relative to the TSR of the companies in the Standard & Poor’s 500 Index. Each of these two metrics will be weighted 50% and will be measured over a three-year period. The number of shares that may vest in full after three years ranges from 0% to 200% of the target amount. The awards become eligible to vest only if the goals are achieved and will vest only if the grantee remains employed by Applied through each applicable vesting date, subject to a qualifying retirement based on age and years of service. The awards provide for a partial payout based on actual performance at the conclusion of the three-year performance period in the event of a qualifying retirement.
During fiscal 2021, certain executive officers were also granted non-recurring long-term Performance-Based Awards that are subject to the achievement of targeted levels of Applied’s absolute TSR. The awards become eligible to vest only if targeted levels of TSR are achieved during a five-year performance period and will vest only if the grantee remains employed by Applied through the vesting date in October 2025, except in the event of involuntary termination of employment without cause, death or following a change of control. The number of shares that may vest in full after five years ranges from 0% to 200% of the target amount.
The fair value of the portion of the Performance-Based Awards subject to targeted levels of adjusted operating margin is estimated on the date of grant based on the market value of Applied common stock, adjusted to exclude the present value of expected dividends during the vesting period. The market value of Applied common stock is calculated using the closing price of Applied common stock on the date of the grant or if the grant date is not a trading date, the average of the closing prices on the trading dates immediately preceding and following the grant date. If the performance goals are not met as of the end of the performance period, no compensation expense is recognized and any previously recognized compensation expense is reversed. The expected cost is based on the portion of the awards that is probable to vest and is reflected over the service period and reduced for estimated forfeitures.
The fair value of the portion of the Performance-Based Awards subject to targeted levels of relative TSR or absolute TSR is estimated on the date of grant using a Monte Carlo simulation model. Compensation expense is recognized based upon the assumption of 100% achievement of the TSR goal and will not be reversed even if the threshold level of TSR is never achieved, and is reflected over the service period and reduced for estimated forfeitures.
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The following tables summarize the assumptions used for the valuation of share-based awards for the periods presented:
| 2022 | 2021 | 2020 | |||||||||||||||
| Service-Based Awards and the portion of Performance-Based Awards subject to performance goals: | |||||||||||||||||
| Grant date market value | $74.62 - $157.29 | $74.37 - $143.05 | $39.18 - $66.43 | ||||||||||||||
| Risk-free interest rate | 0.16% - 4.48% | 0.04% - 0.82% | 0.11% - 1.70% | ||||||||||||||
| Dividend yield | 0.47% - 3.83% | 0.20% - 3.09% | 1.69% - 6.23% | ||||||||||||||
| Fair value | $72.24 - $154.88 | $72.20 - $140.66 | $37.02 - $64.37 | ||||||||||||||
| 2022 | 2021* | 2020 | |||||||||||||||
| Portion of Performance-Based Awards subject to market goals: | |||||||||||||||||
| Grant date market value | $146.49 | $86.10 - $88.84 | $55.84 | ||||||||||||||
| Risk-free interest rate | 0.87 | % | 0.20% - 0.41% | 1.59 | % | ||||||||||||
| Dividend yield | 0.66 | % | 0.99% - 1.02% | 1.50 | % | ||||||||||||
| Expected volatility | 47.35 | % | 40.51% - 47.00% | 34.96 | % | ||||||||||||
| Fair value | $210.69 | $129.27 - $136.81 | $74.00 | ||||||||||||||
________________________
*Fiscal 2021 included both annual and non-recurring long-term Performance-Based Awards.
A summary of the changes in restricted stock units, restricted stock, performance shares and performance units outstanding under Applied’s equity compensation plans is presented below:
| Shares | Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value | Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Term | Aggregate Intrinsic Value | ||||||||||||||||||||
| (In millions, except per share amounts) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Non-vested restricted stock units, restricted stock, performance shares and performance units at October 27, 2019 | 18 | $ | 35.78 | 2.1 years | $ | 985 | |||||||||||||||||
| Granted | 6 | $ | 53.89 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Vested | (8) | $ | 31.25 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Canceled | (1) | $ | 42.61 | ||||||||||||||||||||
Non-vested restricted stock units, restricted stock, performance shares and performance units at October 25, 2020 | 15 | $ | 45.36 | 2.2 years | $ | 914 | |||||||||||||||||
| Granted | 5 | $ | 92.04 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Vested | (6) | $ | 43.11 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Canceled | (1) | $ | 59.41 | ||||||||||||||||||||
Non-vested restricted stock units, restricted stock, performance shares and performance units at October 31, 2021 | 13 | $ | 63.29 | 2.2 years | $ | 1,752 | |||||||||||||||||
| Granted | 4 | $ | 132.44 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Vested | (5) | $ | 54.00 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Canceled | (1) | $ | 82.54 | ||||||||||||||||||||
Non-vested restricted stock units, restricted stock, performance shares and performance units at October 30, 2022 | 11 | $ | 92.31 | 2.2 years | $ | 1,024 | |||||||||||||||||
| Non-vested restricted stock units, restricted stock, performance shares and performance units expected to vest | 11 | $ | 90.78 | 2.0 years | $ | 997 | |||||||||||||||||
At October 30, 2022, 0.9 million additional Performance-Based Awards could be earned based upon achievement of certain levels of specified performance and/or market goals.
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Employee Stock Purchase Plans
Under the ESPP, substantially all employees may purchase Applied common stock through payroll deductions at a price equal to 85 percent of the lower of the fair market value of Applied common stock at the beginning or end of each 6-month purchase period, subject to certain limits. Applied’s purchasing cycle began in March and September of each of fiscal 2022, 2021 and 2020. Applied issued 2 million shares in fiscal 2022 at a weighted average price of $93.30 per share, 3 million shares in fiscal 2021 at a weighted average price of $70.29 per share and 3 million shares in fiscal 2020 at a weighted average price of $45.37 per share, under the ESPP. Compensation expense is calculated using the fair value of the employees’ purchase rights under the Black-Scholes model. Underlying assumptions used in the model are outlined in the following table:
| 2022 | 2021 | 2020 | |||||||||||||||
| ESPP: | |||||||||||||||||
| Dividend yield | 0.97 | % | 0.72 | % | 1.41 | % | |||||||||||
| Expected volatility | 46.8 | % | 41.3 | % | 48.2 | % | |||||||||||
| Risk-free interest rate | 2.24 | % | 0.05 | % | 0.58 | % | |||||||||||
| Expected life (in years) | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.5 | ||||||||||||||
| Weighted average estimated fair value | $30.23 | $33.77 | $17.30 | ||||||||||||||
Note 14 Employee Benefit Plans
Employee Bonus Plans
Applied has various employee bonus plans. A discretionary bonus plan provides for the distribution of a percentage of pre-tax income to Applied employees who are not participants in other performance-based incentive plans, up to a maximum percentage of eligible compensation. Other plans provide for bonuses to Applied’s executives and other key contributors based on the achievement of profitability and/or other specified performance criteria. Charges under these plans for fiscal 2022, 2021 and 2020 were $623 million, $631 million and $471 million, respectively.
Employee Savings and Retirement Plan
Applied’s Employee Savings and Retirement Plan (the 401(k) Plan) is qualified under Sections 401(a) and (k) of the Internal Revenue Code (the Code). Eligible employees may make salary deferral and catch-up contributions under the 401(k) Plan on a pre-tax basis and on a Roth basis, subject to an annual dollar limit established by the Code. Applied matches 100% of participant salary and/or Roth deferral contributions up to the first 3% of eligible contribution and then 50% of every dollar between 4% and 6% of eligible contribution. Applied does not make matching contributions on any catch-up contributions made by participants. Plan participants who were employed by Applied or any of its affiliates became 100% vested in their Applied matching contribution account balances. Applied’s matching contributions under the 401(k) Plan were approximately $67 million for fiscal 2022, $61 million for fiscal 2021 and $52 million for fiscal 2020.
Defined Benefit Pension Plans of Foreign Subsidiaries and Other Postretirement Benefits
Several of Applied’s foreign subsidiaries have defined benefit pension plans covering substantially all of their eligible employees. Benefits under these plans are typically based on years of service and final average compensation levels. The plans are managed in accordance with applicable local statutes and practices. Applied deposits funds for certain of these plans with insurance companies, pension trustees, government-managed accounts, and/or accrues the expense for the unfunded portion of the benefit obligation on its Consolidated Financial Statements. Applied’s practice is to fund the various pension plans in amounts sufficient to meet the minimum requirements as established by applicable local governmental oversight and taxing authorities. Depending on the design of the plan, local custom and market circumstances, the liabilities of a plan may exceed the qualified plan assets. The differences between the aggregate projected benefit obligations and aggregate plan assets of these plans have been recorded as liabilities by Applied and are included in other liabilities and accrued expenses in the Consolidated Balance Sheets.
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A summary of the changes in benefit obligations and plan assets, which includes post-retirement benefits, for each fiscal year is presented below:
| 2022 | 2021 | 2020 | |||||||||||||||
| (In millions, except percentages) | |||||||||||||||||
| Change in projected benefit obligation | |||||||||||||||||
| Beginning projected benefit obligation | $ | 685 | $ | 674 | $ | 617 | |||||||||||
| Service cost | 14 | 15 | 13 | ||||||||||||||
| Interest cost | 9 | 8 | 8 | ||||||||||||||
| Plan participants’ contributions | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||||||||||||
| Actuarial (gain) loss | (201) | (1) | 6 | ||||||||||||||
| Foreign currency exchange rate changes | (84) | 3 | 33 | ||||||||||||||
| Benefits paid | (10) | (15) | (10) | ||||||||||||||
| Plan amendments and other adjustments | — | — | 6 | ||||||||||||||
| Ending projected benefit obligation | $ | 414 | $ | 685 | $ | 674 | |||||||||||
| Ending accumulated benefit obligation | $ | 371 | $ | 626 | $ | 627 | |||||||||||
| Range of assumptions to determine benefit obligations | |||||||||||||||||
| Discount rate | 1.5% - 7.3% | 0.6% - 6.6% | 0.4% - 6.5% | ||||||||||||||
| Rate of compensation increase | 2.7% - 10.0% | 2.4% - 10.0% | 2.3% - 10.0% | ||||||||||||||
| Change in plan assets | |||||||||||||||||
| Beginning fair value of plan assets | $ | 491 | $ | 431 | $ | 409 | |||||||||||
| Return on plan assets | (78) | 49 | — | ||||||||||||||
| Employer contributions | 11 | 22 | 12 | ||||||||||||||
| Plan participants’ contributions | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||||||||||||
| Foreign currency exchange rate changes | (64) | 3 | 19 | ||||||||||||||
| Benefits paid | (10) | (15) | (10) | ||||||||||||||
| Ending fair value of plan assets | $ | 351 | $ | 491 | $ | 431 | |||||||||||
| Funded status | $ | (63) | $ | (194) | $ | (243) | |||||||||||
| Amounts recognized in the consolidated balance sheets | |||||||||||||||||
| Noncurrent asset | $ | 45 | $ | 1 | $ | — | |||||||||||
| Current liability | (1) | (2) | (2) | ||||||||||||||
| Noncurrent liability | (107) | (193) | (241) | ||||||||||||||
| Total | $ | (63) | $ | (194) | $ | (243) | |||||||||||
| Estimated amortization from accumulated other comprehensive loss into net periodic benefit cost over the next fiscal period | |||||||||||||||||
| Actuarial loss | $ | 4 | $ | 11 | $ | 14 | |||||||||||
| Prior service credit | — | — | — | ||||||||||||||
| Total | $ | 4 | $ | 11 | $ | 14 | |||||||||||
| Amounts recognized in accumulated other comprehensive loss | |||||||||||||||||
| Net actuarial loss | $ | 98 | $ | 200 | $ | 242 | |||||||||||
| Prior service credit | 1 | 1 | — | ||||||||||||||
| Total | $ | 99 | $ | 201 | $ | 242 | |||||||||||
| Plans with projected benefit obligations in excess of plan assets | |||||||||||||||||
| Projected benefit obligation | $ | 126 | $ | 472 | $ | 674 | |||||||||||
| Fair value of plan assets | $ | 17 | $ | 277 | $ | 431 | |||||||||||
| Plans with accumulated benefit obligations in excess of plan assets | |||||||||||||||||
| Accumulated benefit obligation | $ | 88 | $ | 413 | $ | 627 | |||||||||||
| Fair value of plan assets | $ | 17 | $ | 277 | $ | 431 | |||||||||||
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| 2022 | 2021 | ||||||||||
| Plan assets — allocation | |||||||||||
| Equity securities | 26 | % | 35 | % | |||||||
| Debt securities | 37 | % | 33 | % | |||||||
| Insurance contracts | 21 | % | 23 | % | |||||||
| Other investments | 15 | % | 9 | % | |||||||
| Cash | 1 | % | — | % | |||||||
The following table presents a summary of the ending fair value of the plan assets:
| October 30, 2022 | October 31, 2021 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Level 1 | Level 2 | Level 3 | Total | Level 1 | Level 2 | Level 3 | Total | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (In millions) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Equity securities | $ | 84 | $ | — | $ | — | $ | 84 | $ | 137 | $ | — | $ | — | $ | 137 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Debt securities | 56 | — | — | 56 | 79 | — | — | 79 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Insurance contracts | — | — | 72 | 72 | — | — | 110 | 110 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other investments | — | 52 | — | 52 | — | 17 | — | 17 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Cash | 3 | — | — | 3 | 2 | — | — | 2 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total assets at fair value | $ | 143 | $ | 52 | $ | 72 | 267 | $ | 218 | $ | 17 | $ | 110 | 345 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Assets measured at net asset value | 84 | 146 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total | $ | 351 | $ | 491 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
The following table presents the activity in Level 3 instruments for each fiscal year:
| 2022 | 2021 | |||||||||||||
| (In millions) | ||||||||||||||
| Balance, beginning of year | $ | 110 | $ | 39 | ||||||||||
| Actual return on plan assets: | ||||||||||||||
| Relating to assets still held at reporting date | (24) | — | ||||||||||||
| Purchases, sales, settlements, net | — | 72 | ||||||||||||
| Currency impact | (14) | (1) | ||||||||||||
| Balance, end of year | $ | 72 | $ | 110 | ||||||||||
Applied’s investment strategy for its defined benefit plans is to invest plan assets in a prudent manner, maintaining well-diversified portfolios with the long-term objective of meeting the obligations of the plans as they come due. Asset allocation decisions are typically made by plan fiduciaries with input from Applied’s international pension committee. Applied’s asset allocation strategy incorporates a sufficient equity exposure in order for the plans to benefit from the expected better long-term performance of equities relative to the plans’ liabilities. Applied retains investment managers, where appropriate, to manage the assets of the plans. Performance of investment managers is monitored by plan fiduciaries with the assistance of local investment consultants. The investment managers make investment decisions within the guidelines set forth by plan fiduciaries. Risk management practices include diversification across asset classes and investment styles, and periodic rebalancing toward target asset allocation ranges. Investment managers may use derivative instruments for efficient portfolio management purposes.
97
A summary of the components of net periodic benefit costs and the weighted average assumptions used for net periodic benefit cost calculations for each fiscal year is presented below:
| 2022 | 2021 | 2020 | |||||||||||||||
| (In millions, except percentages) | |||||||||||||||||
| Components of net periodic benefit cost | |||||||||||||||||
| Service cost | $ | 14 | $ | 15 | $ | 13 | |||||||||||
| Interest cost | 9 | 8 | 8 | ||||||||||||||
| (21) | (21) | (22) | |||||||||||||||
| Amortization of actuarial loss and prior service credit | 10 | 14 | 12 | ||||||||||||||
| Net periodic benefit cost | $ | 12 | $ | 16 | $ | 11 | |||||||||||
| Weighted average assumptions | |||||||||||||||||
| Discount rate | 1.41 | % | 1.18 | % | 1.23 | % | |||||||||||
| Expected long-term return on assets | 4.56 | % | 4.80 | % | 5.10 | % | |||||||||||
| Rate of compensation increase | 2.89 | % | 2.74 | % | 2.69 | % | |||||||||||
Asset return assumptions are derived based on actuarial and statistical methodologies, from analysis of long-term historical data relevant to the country in which each plan is in effect and the investments applicable to the corresponding plan. The discount rate for each plan was derived by reference to appropriate benchmark yields on high quality corporate bonds, allowing for the approximate duration of both plan obligations and the relevant benchmark yields.
Future expected benefit payments for the pension plans and the postretirement plan over the next ten fiscal years are as follows:
| Benefit Payments | |||||
| (In millions) | |||||
| 2023 | $ | 8 | |||
| 2024 | 13 | ||||
| 2025 | 13 | ||||
| 2026 | 13 | ||||
| 2027 | 14 | ||||
| 2028-2032 | 94 | ||||
| Total | $ | 155 | |||
Company contributions to these plans for fiscal 2023 are expected to be approximately $6 million.
Executive Deferred Compensation Plans
Applied sponsors two unfunded deferred compensation plans, the Executive Deferred Compensation Plan (Predecessor EDCP) and the 2016 Deferred Compensation Plan (2016 DCP) (formerly known as the 2005 Executive Deferred Compensation Plan), under which certain employees may elect to defer a portion of their following year’s eligible earnings. The Predecessor EDCP was frozen as of December 31, 2004 such that no new deferrals could be made under the plan after that date and the plan would qualify for “grandfather” relief under Section 409A of the Code. The Predecessor EDCP participant accounts continue to be maintained under the plan and credited with deemed interest. The 2016 DCP was originally implemented by Applied effective as of January 1, 2005, and amended and restated as of October 12, 2015, and is intended to comply with the requirements of Section 409A of the Code. In addition, Applied also sponsors a non-qualified deferred compensation plan as a result of the acquisition of Varian. Amounts payable for all plans, including accrued deemed interest, totaled $200 million and $206 million at October 30, 2022 and October 31, 2021, respectively, which were included in other liabilities in the Consolidated Balance Sheets.
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Note 15 Income Taxes
The components of income before income taxes for each fiscal year were as follows:
| 2022 | 2021 | 2020 | |||||||||||||||
| (In millions) | |||||||||||||||||
| U.S. | $ | 1,171 | $ | 512 | $ | 92 | |||||||||||
| Foreign | 6,428 | 6,259 | 4,074 | ||||||||||||||
| $ | 7,599 | $ | 6,771 | $ | 4,166 | ||||||||||||
The components of the provision for income taxes for each fiscal year were as follows:
| 2022 | 2021 | 2020 | |||||||||||||||
| (In millions) | |||||||||||||||||
| Current: | |||||||||||||||||
| U.S. | $ | 590 | $ | 462 | $ | 196 | |||||||||||
| Foreign | 275 | 344 | 263 | ||||||||||||||
| State | 14 | 17 | 20 | ||||||||||||||
| 879 | 823 | 479 | |||||||||||||||
| Deferred: | |||||||||||||||||
| U.S. | (62) | (3) | (3) | ||||||||||||||
| Foreign | 265 | 67 | 76 | ||||||||||||||
| State | (8) | (4) | (5) | ||||||||||||||
| 195 | 60 | 68 | |||||||||||||||
| $ | 1,074 | $ | 883 | $ | 547 | ||||||||||||
A reconciliation between the statutory U.S. federal income tax rate and Applied’s actual effective income tax rate for each fiscal year is presented below:
| 2022 | 2021 | 2020 | |||||||||||||||
| Tax provision at U.S. statutory rate | 21.0 | % | 21.0 | % | 21.0 | % | |||||||||||
| Effect of foreign operations taxed at various rates | (4.4) | (7.0) | (5.9) | ||||||||||||||
Changes in prior years’ unrecognized tax benefits | (0.9) | 0.2 | 0.5 | ||||||||||||||
Resolutions of prior years’ income tax filings | (0.2) | (0.1) | (1.0) | ||||||||||||||
| Research and other tax credits | (1.0) | (0.9) | (1.3) | ||||||||||||||
| Other | (0.4) | (0.2) | (0.2) | ||||||||||||||
| 14.1 | % | 13.0 | % | 13.1 | % | ||||||||||||
Applied’s provision for income taxes and effective tax rate are affected by the geographical composition of pre-tax income which includes jurisdictions with differing tax rates, conditional reduced tax rates and other income tax incentives. It is also affected by events that vary from period to period, such as changes in income tax laws and the resolution of prior years’ income tax filings.
Applied’s effective tax rate for fiscal 2022 was higher than fiscal 2021 primarily due to a reduction of deferred tax assets related to a new tax incentive in Singapore, partially offset by changes in uncertain tax positions. Applied’s effective tax rate for fiscal 2021 was slightly lower than fiscal 2020 primarily due to higher proportion of pre-tax income in lower tax jurisdictions, partially offset by resolutions of prior years’ income tax filings.
99
In the reconciliation between the statutory U.S. federal income tax rate and the effective income tax rate, the effect of foreign operations taxed at various rates represents the difference between an income tax provision at the U.S. federal statutory income tax rate and the recorded income tax provision, with the difference expressed as a percentage of worldwide income before income taxes. This effect is substantially related to the tax effect of pre-tax income in jurisdictions with lower statutory tax rates. The foreign operations with the most significant effective tax rate impact are in Singapore. The statutory tax rate for fiscal 2022 for Singapore is 17%. Applied has been granted conditional reduced tax rates that expire beginning in fiscal 2025, excluding potential renewal and subject to certain conditions with which Applied expects to comply. The tax benefits arising from these tax rates were $232 million or $0.26 per diluted share and $370 million or $0.40 per diluted share and $215 million or $0.23 per diluted share for fiscal 2022, 2021 and 2020, respectively.
Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the estimated future tax effects of temporary differences between the book and tax bases of assets and liabilities. Deferred tax assets are also recognized for net operating loss and tax credit carryovers. Deferred tax assets are offset by a valuation allowance to the extent it is more likely than not that they are not expected to be realized. The components of deferred income tax assets and liabilities were as follows:
| October 30, 2022 | October 31, 2021 | ||||||||||
| (In millions) | |||||||||||
| Deferred tax assets: | |||||||||||
| Allowance for doubtful accounts | $ | 5 | $ | 4 | |||||||
| Inventory reserves and basis difference | 131 | 112 | |||||||||
| Installation and warranty reserves | 29 | 29 | |||||||||
| Intangible assets | 984 | 1,281 | |||||||||
| Accrued liabilities | 35 | 31 | |||||||||
| Deferred revenue | 82 | 25 | |||||||||
| Tax credits | 453 | 369 | |||||||||
| Deferred compensation | 125 | 133 | |||||||||
| Share-based compensation | 42 | 34 | |||||||||
| Lease liability | 81 | 61 | |||||||||
| Other | 67 | 89 | |||||||||
| Gross deferred tax assets | 2,034 | 2,168 | |||||||||
| Valuation allowance | (460) | (361) | |||||||||
| Total deferred tax assets | 1,574 | 1,807 | |||||||||
| Deferred tax liabilities: | |||||||||||
| Fixed assets | (111) | (93) | |||||||||
| Right of use assets | (80) | (62) | |||||||||
| Undistributed foreign earnings | (39) | (37) | |||||||||
| Total deferred tax liabilities | (230) | (192) | |||||||||
| Net deferred tax assets | $ | 1,344 | $ | 1,615 | |||||||
A valuation allowance is recorded to reflect the estimated amount of net deferred tax assets that may not be realized. Changes in the valuation allowance in each fiscal year were as follows:
| 2022 | 2021 | 2020 | |||||||||||||||
| (In millions) | |||||||||||||||||
| Beginning balance | $ | 361 | $ | 314 | $ | 257 | |||||||||||
| Increases | 99 | 47 | 57 | ||||||||||||||
| Ending balance | $ | 460 | $ | 361 | $ | 314 | |||||||||||
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At October 30, 2022, Applied has state research and development tax credit carryforwards of $453 million, including $427 million of credits that are carried over until exhausted and $23 million that are carried over for 15 years and begin to expire in fiscal 2031. It is more likely than not that all tax credit carryforwards, net of valuation allowance, will be utilized.
Applied maintains liabilities for uncertain tax positions. These liabilities involve considerable judgment and estimation and are continuously monitored based on the best information available. Gross unrecognized tax benefits are classified as non-current income taxes payable or as a reduction in deferred tax assets. A reconciliation of the beginning and ending balances of gross unrecognized tax benefits in each fiscal year is as follows:
| 2022 | 2021 | 2020 | |||||||||||||||
| (In millions) | |||||||||||||||||
| Beginning balance of gross unrecognized tax benefits | $ | 537 | $ | 496 | $ | 845 | |||||||||||
| Settlements with tax authorities | (25) | — | (446) | ||||||||||||||
| Lapses of statutes of limitation | — | (4) | (3) | ||||||||||||||
| Increases in tax positions for current year | 26 | 26 | 44 | ||||||||||||||
| Increases in tax positions for prior years | 28 | 23 | 91 | ||||||||||||||
| Decreases in tax positions for prior years | (68) | (4) | (35) | ||||||||||||||
| Ending balance of gross unrecognized tax benefits | $ | 498 | $ | 537 | $ | 496 | |||||||||||
In fiscal 2020, Applied settled tax audits in Singapore related to fiscal 2012 through fiscal 2019 for additional tax payments of $72 million and a reduction of future tax deductions of $374 million. The tax expense impact of these settlements was $26 million.
Tax expense for interest and penalties on unrecognized tax benefits for fiscal 2022, 2021 and 2020 was $14 million, $14 million and $24 million, respectively. The income tax liability for interest and penalties for fiscal 2022, 2021 and 2020 was $103 million, $88 million and $74 million, respectively, and was classified as non-current income taxes payable.
Included in the balance of unrecognized tax benefits for fiscal 2022, 2021 and 2020 are $388 million, $442 million, and $410 million, respectively, of tax benefits that, if recognized, would affect the effective tax rate.
Applied’s tax returns remain subject to examination by taxing authorities. These include U.S. returns for fiscal 2015 and later years, and foreign tax returns for fiscal 2011 and later years.
The timing of the resolution of income tax examinations, as well as the amounts and timing of various tax payments that may be part of the settlement process, is highly uncertain. This could cause fluctuations in Applied’s financial condition and results of operations. Applied continues to have ongoing negotiations with various taxing authorities throughout the year.
Note 16 Warranty, Guarantees, Commitments and Contingencies
Warranty
Changes in the warranty reserves during each fiscal year were as follows:
| 2022 | 2021 | 2020 | |||||||||||||||
| (In millions) | |||||||||||||||||
| Beginning balance | $ | 242 | $ | 201 | $ | 196 | |||||||||||
| Provisions for warranty | 254 | 223 | 165 | ||||||||||||||
| Changes in reserves related to preexisting warranty | 11 | 9 | 2 | ||||||||||||||
| Consumption of reserves | (221) | (191) | (162) | ||||||||||||||
| Ending balance | $ | 286 | $ | 242 | $ | 201 | |||||||||||
Applied products are generally sold with a warranty for a 12-month period following installation. The provision for the estimated cost of warranty is recorded when revenue is recognized. Parts and labor are covered under the terms of the warranty agreement. The warranty provision is based on historical experience by product, configuration and geographic region. Quarterly warranty consumption is generally associated with sales that occurred during the preceding four quarters, and quarterly warranty provisions are generally related to the current quarter’s sales.
101
Guarantees
In the ordinary course of business, Applied provides standby letters of credit or other guarantee instruments to third parties as required for certain transactions initiated by either Applied or its subsidiaries. As of October 30, 2022, the maximum potential amount of future payments that Applied could be required to make under these guarantee agreements was approximately $618 million. Applied has not recorded any liability in connection with these guarantee agreements beyond that required to appropriately account for the underlying transaction being guaranteed. Applied does not believe, based on historical experience and information currently available, that it is probable that any amounts will be required to be paid under these guarantee agreements.
Applied also has agreements with various banks to facilitate subsidiary banking operations worldwide, including overdraft arrangements, issuance of bank guarantees, and letters of credit. As of October 30, 2022, Applied has provided parent guarantees to banks for approximately $294 million to cover these arrangements.
Legal Matters
From time to time, Applied receives notification from third parties, including customers and suppliers, seeking indemnification, litigation support, payment of money or other actions by Applied in connection with claims made against them. In addition, from time to time, Applied receives notification from third parties claiming that Applied may be or is infringing or misusing their intellectual property or other rights. Applied also is subject to various other legal proceedings, regulatory investigations or inquires, and claims, both asserted and unasserted, that arise in the ordinary course of business.
Although the outcome of the above-described matters, claims and proceedings cannot be predicted with certainty, Applied does not believe at this time that any will have a material effect on its consolidated financial condition or results of operations.
Note 17 Industry Segment Operations
Applied’s three reportable segments are: Semiconductor Systems, Applied Global Services, and Display and Adjacent Markets. As defined under the accounting literature, Applied’s chief operating decision-maker has been identified as the President and Chief Executive Officer, who reviews operating results to make decisions about allocating resources and assessing performance for the entire Company. Segment information is presented based upon Applied’s management organization structure as of October 30, 2022 and the distinctive nature of each segment. Future changes to this internal financial structure may result in changes to Applied’s reportable segments.
The Semiconductor Systems reportable segment includes semiconductor capital equipment for etch, rapid thermal processing, deposition, chemical mechanical planarization, metrology and inspection, wafer packaging, and ion implantation.
The Applied Global Services segment provides integrated solutions to optimize equipment and fab performance and productivity, including spares, upgrades, services, certain remanufactured earlier generation equipment and factory automation software for semiconductor, display and other products.
The Display and Adjacent Markets segment includes products for manufacturing liquid crystal displays (LCDs), organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs), equipment upgrades and other display technologies for TVs, monitors, laptops, personal computers, smart phones, other consumer-oriented devices and solar energy cells.
Each operating segment is separately managed and has separate financial results that are reviewed by Applied’s chief operating decision-maker. Each reportable segment contains closely related products that are unique to the particular segment. Segment operating income is determined based upon internal performance measures used by Applied’s chief operating decision-maker. The chief operating decision-maker does not evaluate operating segments using total asset information.
Applied derives the segment results directly from its internal management reporting system. The accounting policies Applied uses to derive reportable segment results are substantially the same as those used for external reporting purposes. Management measures the performance of each reportable segment based upon several metrics including orders, net sales and operating income. Management uses these results to evaluate the performance of, and to assign resources to, each of the reportable segments.
102
The Corporate and Other category includes revenues from products, as well as costs of products sold, for fabricating solar photovoltaic cells and modules, and certain operating expenses that are not allocated to its reportable segments and are managed separately at the corporate level. These operating expenses include costs related to share-based compensation; certain management, finance, legal, human resources, and research, development and engineering functions provided at the corporate level; and unabsorbed information technology and occupancy. In addition, Applied does not allocate to its reportable segments restructuring, severance and asset impairment charges and any associated adjustments related to restructuring actions, unless these actions pertain to a specific reportable segment. Segment operating income also excludes interest income/expense and other financial charges and income taxes. Management does not consider the unallocated costs in measuring the performance of the reportable segments.
Information for each reportable segment for and as of the end of each fiscal year were as follows:
| Net Sales | Operating Income (Loss) | Depreciation/ Amortization | Capital Expenditures | Accounts Receivable | Inventories | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (In millions) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2022: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Semiconductor Systems | $ | 18,797 | $ | 6,969 | $ | 203 | $ | 249 | $ | 4,924 | $ | 3,995 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Applied Global Services | 5,543 | 1,661 | 31 | 38 | 997 | 1,788 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Display and Adjacent Markets | 1,331 | 260 | 31 | 30 | 148 | 129 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Corporate and Other | 114 | (1,102) | 179 | 470 | (1) | 20 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total | $ | 25,785 | $ | 7,788 | $ | 444 | $ | 787 | $ | 6,068 | $ | 5,932 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
2021: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Semiconductor Systems | $ | 16,286 | $ | 6,311 | $ | 194 | $ | 228 | $ | 3,886 | $ | 2,586 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Applied Global Services | 5,013 | 1,508 | 32 | 29 | 922 | 1,561 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Display and Adjacent Markets | 1,634 | 314 | 27 | 32 | 207 | 153 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Corporate and Other | 130 | (1,244) | 141 | 379 | (62) | 9 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total | $ | 23,063 | $ | 6,889 | $ | 394 | $ | 668 | $ | 4,953 | $ | 4,309 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
2020: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Semiconductor Systems | $ | 11,367 | $ | 3,714 | $ | 219 | $ | 226 | $ | 2,061 | $ | 2,139 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Applied Global Services | 4,155 | 1,127 | 34 | 30 | 764 | 1,545 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Display and Adjacent Markets | 1,607 | 291 | 31 | 29 | 179 | 195 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Corporate and Other | 73 | (767) | 92 | 137 | (41) | 25 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total | $ | 17,202 | $ | 4,365 | $ | 376 | $ | 422 | $ | 2,963 | $ | 3,904 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Semiconductor Systems and Display and Adjacent Markets revenues are recognized at a point in time. Applied Global Services revenue is recognized at a point in time for tangible goods such as spare parts and equipment, and over time for service agreements. The majority of revenue recognized over time is recognized within 12 months of the contract inception.
Operating income (loss) for fiscal 2021 included severance and related charges as discussed in Note 12, Severance and Related Charges and a $154 million deal termination fee associated with the termination of a Share Purchase Agreement with Kokusai Electric Corporation and KKR HKE Investment L. P. during the second quarter of fiscal 2021.
Net sales for Semiconductor Systems by end use application for the periods indicated were as follows:
| 2022 | 2021 | 2020 | |||||||||||||||
| Foundry, logic and other | 66 | % | 60 | % | 59 | % | |||||||||||
| Dynamic random-access memory (DRAM) | 19 | % | 19 | % | 20 | % | |||||||||||
| Flash memory | 15 | % | 21 | % | 21 | % | |||||||||||
| 100 | % | 100 | % | 100 | % | ||||||||||||
103
The reconciling items included in Corporate and Other were as follows:
| 2022 | 2021 | 2020 | |||||||||||||||
| (In millions) | |||||||||||||||||
| Unallocated net sales | $ | 114 | $ | 130 | $ | 73 | |||||||||||
| Unallocated cost of products sold and expenses | (807) | (725) | (533) | ||||||||||||||
| Share-based compensation | (413) | (346) | (307) | ||||||||||||||
| Severance and related charges | 4 | (149) | — | ||||||||||||||
| Deal termination fee | — | (154) | — | ||||||||||||||
| Total | $ | (1,102) | $ | (1,244) | $ | (767) | |||||||||||
For geographical reporting, revenue by geographic location is determined by the location of customers’ facilities to which products were shipped. Long-lived assets consist primarily of property, plant and equipment and right-of-use assets and are attributed to the geographic location in which they are located. Fiscal 2021 long-lived asset amount has been updated to include right-of-use assets to conform with the current year presentation. Net sales and long-lived assets by geographic region for and as of each fiscal year were as follows:
| 2022 | 2021 | 2020 | |||||||||||||||
| (In millions) | |||||||||||||||||
| Net sales: | |||||||||||||||||
| United States | $ | 3,104 | $ | 2,038 | $ | 1,619 | |||||||||||
| China | 7,254 | 7,535 | 5,456 | ||||||||||||||
| Korea | 4,395 | 5,012 | 3,031 | ||||||||||||||
| Taiwan | 6,262 | 4,742 | 3,953 | ||||||||||||||
| Japan | 2,012 | 1,962 | 1,996 | ||||||||||||||
| Europe | 1,674 | 1,097 | 736 | ||||||||||||||
| Southeast Asia | 1,084 | 677 | 411 | ||||||||||||||
| Total outside United States | 22,681 | 21,025 | 15,583 | ||||||||||||||
| Consolidated total | $ | 25,785 | $ | 23,063 | $ | 17,202 | |||||||||||
| October 30, 2022 | October 31, 2021 | ||||||||||
| (In millions) | |||||||||||
| Long-lived assets: | |||||||||||
| United States | $ | 2,725 | $ | 2,241 | |||||||
| China | 6 | 10 | |||||||||
| Korea | 14 | 16 | |||||||||
| Taiwan | 62 | 62 | |||||||||
| Japan | 7 | 9 | |||||||||
| Europe | 75 | 25 | |||||||||
| Southeast Asia | 8 | 18 | |||||||||
| Total outside United States | 172 | 140 | |||||||||
| Consolidated total | $ | 2,897 | $ | 2,381 | |||||||
104
The following customers accounted for at least 10 percent of Applied’s net sales in each fiscal year, which were for products and services in multiple reportable segments:
| 2022 | 2021 | 2020 | |||||||||||||||
| Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. | 12 | % | 20 | % | 18 | % | |||||||||||
| Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company Limited | 20 | % | 15 | % | 18 | % | |||||||||||
| Intel Corporation | 10 | % | * | * | |||||||||||||
___________________________
* Less than 10%
105
INDEX TO EXHIBITS
These Exhibits are numbered in accordance with the Exhibit Table of Item 601 of Regulation S-K:
| Incorporated by Reference | |||||||||||||||||
| Exhibit No. | Description | Form | File No. | Exhibit No. | Filing Date | ||||||||||||
| 8-K | 000-06920 | 2.1 | 1/4/2021 | ||||||||||||||
| 8-K | 000-06920 | 3.1 | 3/16/2020 | ||||||||||||||
| 8-K | 000-06920 | 3.02 | 12/16/2022 | ||||||||||||||
| 8-K | 000-06920 | 4.1 | 6/10/2011 | ||||||||||||||
| 8-K | 000-06920 | 4.2 | 6/10/2011 | ||||||||||||||
| 8-K | 000-06920 | 4.1 | 9/24/2015 | ||||||||||||||
| 8-K | 000-06920 | 4.1 | 3/31/2017 | ||||||||||||||
| 8-K | 000-06920 | 4.1 | 5/29/2020 | ||||||||||||||
| 10-K | 000-06920 | 4.6 | 12/11/2020 | ||||||||||||||
| S-8 | 333-45011 | 4.1 | 1/27/1998 | ||||||||||||||
| 10-Q | 000-06920 | 10.58 | 3/3/2009 | ||||||||||||||
| 10-K | 000-06920 | 10.48 | 12/12/2008 | ||||||||||||||
| 10-K | 000-06920 | 10.49 | 12/12/2008 | ||||||||||||||
| 10-Q | 000-06920 | 10.3 | 5/27/2021 | ||||||||||||||
| 10-Q | 000-06920 | 10.4 | 5/27/2021 | ||||||||||||||
| 10-Q | 000-06920 | 10.3 | 2/25/2021 | ||||||||||||||
| 10-Q | 000-06920 | 10.3 | 8/23/2012 | ||||||||||||||
| 8-K | 000-06920 | 10.2 | 3/16/2021 | ||||||||||||||
| 10-Q | 000-06920 | 10.2 | 8/22/2013 | ||||||||||||||
106
| Incorporated by Reference | |||||||||||||||||
| Exhibit No. | Description | Form | File No. | Exhibit No. | Filing Date | ||||||||||||
| 10-Q | 000-06920 | 10.4 | 8/22/2013 | ||||||||||||||
| 10-Q | 000-06920 | 10.2 | 2/20/2014 | ||||||||||||||
| 10-Q | 000-06920 | 10.4 | 2/19/2015 | ||||||||||||||
| 8-K | 000-06920 | 10.1 | 3/16/2021 | ||||||||||||||
| 10-Q | 000-06920 | 10.2 | 5/25/2017 | ||||||||||||||
| 10-Q | 000-06920 | 10.5 | 5/27/2021 | ||||||||||||||
| 10-Q | 000-06920 | 10.6 | 5/27/2021 | ||||||||||||||
| 8-K | 000-06920 | 2.1 | 7/1/2019 | ||||||||||||||
| 10-Q | 000-06920 | 10.1 | 5/26/2022 | ||||||||||||||
| 8-K | 000-06920 | 10.1 | 2/21/2020 | ||||||||||||||
| 10-Q | 000-06920 | 10.1 | 8/25/2022 | ||||||||||||||
| 8-K | 000-06920 | 10.1 | 9/29/2022 | ||||||||||||||
| 101.INS | XBRL Instance Document‡ | ||||||||||||||||
| 101.SCH | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document‡ | ||||||||||||||||
| 101.CAL | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document‡ | ||||||||||||||||
| 101.DEF | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document‡ | ||||||||||||||||
| 101.LAB | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document‡ | ||||||||||||||||
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| Incorporated by Reference | |||||||||||||||||
| Exhibit No. | Description | Form | File No. | Exhibit No. | Filing Date | ||||||||||||
| 101.PRE | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document‡ | ||||||||||||||||
| 104 | Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as inline XBRL) | ||||||||||||||||
| * | Indicates a management contract or compensatory plan or arrangement, as required by Item 15(a)(3). | ||||
| † | Filed herewith. | ||||
| ‡ | Furnished herewith. | ||||
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SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.
| APPLIED MATERIALS, INC. | |||||
| By: | /s/ GARY E. DICKERSON | ||||
| Gary E. Dickerson | |||||
| President, Chief Executive Officer | |||||
Dated: December 16, 2022
POWER OF ATTORNEY
KNOW ALL PERSONS BY THESE PRESENTS, that each person whose signature appears below constitutes and appoints Gary E. Dickerson, Brice Hill and Teri Little, jointly and severally, his or her attorneys-in-fact, each with the power of substitution, for him or her in any and all capacities, to sign any amendments to this Annual Report on Form 10-K, and to file the same, with exhibits thereto and other documents in connection therewith, with the Securities and Exchange Commission, hereby ratifying and confirming all that each of said attorneys-in-fact, or his substitute or substitutes, may do or cause to be done by virtue hereof.
******
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the registrant and in the capacities and on the dates indicated.
| Title | Date | |||||||
| /s/ GARY E. DICKERSON | President, Chief Executive Officer and Director (Principal Executive Officer) | December 16, 2022 | ||||||
| Gary E. Dickerson | ||||||||
| /s/ BRICE HILL | Senior Vice President, Chief Financial Officer (Principal Financial Officer) | December 16, 2022 | ||||||
| Brice Hill | ||||||||
| /s/ JEFF BODNER | Corporate Vice President, Corporate Controller and Chief Accounting Officer (Principal Accounting Officer) | December 16, 2022 | ||||||
| Jeff Bodner | ||||||||
/S/ THOMAS J. IANNOTTI | ||||||||
| Thomas J. Iannotti | Chairman of the Board | December 16, 2022 | ||||||
/S/ RANI BORKAR | ||||||||
| Rani Borkar | Director | December 16, 2022 | ||||||
/S/ JUDY BRUNER | ||||||||
| Judy Bruner | Director | December 16, 2022 | ||||||
/S/ XUN CHEN | ||||||||
| Xun Chen | Director | December 16, 2022 | ||||||
/S/ AART J. DE GEUS | ||||||||
| Aart J. de Geus | Director | December 16, 2022 | ||||||
/S/ ALEXANDER A. KARSNER | ||||||||
| Alexander A. Karsner | Director | December 16, 2022 | ||||||
/S/ ADRIANNA C. MA | ||||||||
| Adrianna C. Ma | Director | December 16, 2022 | ||||||
/S/ KEVIN P. MARCH | ||||||||
| Kevin P. March | Director | December 16, 2022 | ||||||
| /s/ YVONNE MCGILL | ||||||||
| Yvonne McGill | Director | December 16, 2022 | ||||||
| /s/ SCOTT A. MCGREGOR | ||||||||
| Scott A. McGregor | Director | December 16, 2022 | ||||||
109