
	(Unaudited)
	June 30, 2025	December 31, 2024
Assets
Investments:
Fixed maturities available for sale, at fair value (amortized cost: $ and $; net of allowance for credit losses: $ and $)	$	$
Short-term investments available for sale, at fair value (amortized cost: $ and $; net of allowance for credit losses: $ and $)

Equity securities, at fair value

Other investments, at fair value
Investments accounted for using the equity method
Total investments

Cash
Accrued investment income


Investment in operating affiliates
Premiums receivable (net of allowance for credit losses: $ and $)
Reinsurance recoverable on unpaid and paid losses and loss adjustment expenses (net of allowance for credit losses: $ and $)
Contractholder receivables (net of allowance for credit losses: $ and $)
Ceded unearned premiums
Deferred acquisition costs
Receivable for securities sold
Goodwill and intangible assets

Other assets
Total assets	$	$

Liabilities
Reserve for losses and loss adjustment expenses	$	$
Unearned premiums
Reinsurance balances payable
Contractholder payables
Collateral held for insured obligations
Senior notes


Payable for securities purchased
Other liabilities
Total liabilities

Commitments and contingencies (refer to Note 11)


Shareholders' Equity
Non-cumulative preferred shares

Common shares ($ par, shares issued: and )
Additional paid-in capital
Retained earnings
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss), net of deferred income tax	()	()
Common shares held in treasury, at cost (shares: and )	()	()
Total shareholders' equity available to Arch


Total liabilities and shareholders' equity	$	$

See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements


ARCH CAPITAL			5			2025 SECOND QUARTER FORM 10-Q

Table of Contents

ARCH CAPITAL GROUP LTD. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME

(U.S. dollars and shares in millions, except per share data)


	(Unaudited)		(Unaudited)
	Three Months Ended		Six Months Ended
	June 30,		June 30,
	2025	2024	2025	2024
Revenues


Net premiums earned	$	$
Net investment income
Net realized gains (losses)





Other underwriting income
Equity in net income of investments accounted for using the equity method
Other income (loss)
Total revenues

Expenses
Losses and loss adjustment expenses
Acquisition expenses
Other operating expenses
Corporate expenses
Amortization of intangible assets
Interest expense
Net foreign exchange (gains) losses		()		()
Total expenses

Income (loss) before income taxes and income (loss) from operating affiliates
Income tax (expense) benefit	()	()	()	()
Income (loss) from operating affiliates


Net income (loss) available to Arch
Preferred dividends	()	()	()	()

Net income (loss) available to Arch common shareholders	$	$	$	$

Net income per common share and common share equivalent
Basic	$	$	$	$
Diluted	$	$	$	$

Weighted average common shares and common share equivalents outstanding
Basic
Diluted

See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements


ARCH CAPITAL			6			2025 SECOND QUARTER FORM 10-Q

Table of Contents

ARCH CAPITAL GROUP LTD. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME

(U.S. dollars in millions)


	(Unaudited)		(Unaudited)
	Three Months Ended		Six Months Ended
	June 30,		June 30,
	2025	2024	2025	2024
Comprehensive Income
Net income (loss)	$	$	$	$
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of deferred income tax
Unrealized appreciation (decline) in value of available-for-sale investments:
Unrealized holding gains (losses) arising during period		()		()

Reclassification of net realized (gains) losses, included in net income (loss)	()
Foreign currency translation adjustments		()		()



Comprehensive income (loss) available to Arch	$	$	$	$

See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements


ARCH CAPITAL			7			2025 SECOND QUARTER FORM 10-Q

Table of Contents

ARCH CAPITAL GROUP LTD. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY

(U.S. dollars in millions)


	(Unaudited)		(Unaudited)
	Three Months Ended		Six Months Ended
	June 30,		June 30,
	2025	2024	2025	2024
Non-cumulative preferred shares



Balance at beginning and end of period	$	$	$	$







Common shares


Balance at beginning and end of period

Additional paid-in capital
Balance at beginning of period



Amortization of share-based compensation



Other changes
Balance at end of period

Retained earnings
Balance at beginning of period


Net income (loss)

Preferred share dividends	()	()	()	()

Balance at end of period

Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss), net of deferred income tax
Balance at beginning of period	()	()	()	()
Unrealized appreciation (decline) in value of available-for-sale investments, net of deferred income tax:
Balance at beginning of period	()	()	()	()


Unrealized holding gains (losses) during period, net of reclassification adjustment				()


Balance at end of period		()		()
Foreign currency translation adjustments, net of deferred income tax:
Balance at beginning of period	()	()	()	()
Foreign currency translation adjustments		()		()

Balance at end of period	()	()	()	()
Balance at end of period	()	()	()	()

Common shares held in treasury, at cost
Balance at beginning of period	()	()	()	()
Shares repurchased for treasury	()	()	()	()
Balance at end of period	()	()	()	()



Total shareholders’ equity	$	$	$	$

See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements


ARCH CAPITAL			8			2025 SECOND QUARTER FORM 10-Q

Table of Contents

ARCH CAPITAL GROUP LTD. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

(U.S. dollars in millions)


	(Unaudited)
	Six Months Ended
	June 30,
	2025	2024
Operating Activities
Net income (loss)	$	$
Adjustments to reconcile net income (loss) to net cash provided by operating activities:
Net realized (gains) losses	()	()

Equity in net (income) or loss of investments accounted for using the equity method and other income or loss	()	()
Amortization of intangible assets
Share-based compensation
Changes in:
Reserve for losses and loss adjustment expenses, net of unpaid losses and loss adjustment expenses recoverable
Unearned premiums, net of ceded unearned premiums
Premiums receivable	()	()
Deferred acquisition costs		()
Reinsurance balances payable
Deferred income tax assets, net
Other items, net	()	()
Net cash provided by operating activities
Investing Activities
Purchases of fixed maturity investments	()	()
Purchases of equity securities	()	()
Purchases of other investments	()	()
Proceeds from sales of fixed maturity investments
Proceeds from sales of equity securities
Proceeds from sales, redemptions and maturities of other investments
Proceeds from redemptions and maturities of fixed maturity investments
Net settlements of derivative instruments

Net (purchases) sales of short-term investments		()




Purchases of fixed assets	()	()
Other	()
Net cash used for investing activities	()	()
Financing Activities


Purchases of common shares under share repurchase program	()
Proceeds from common shares issued, net		()






Common dividends paid	()
Preferred dividends paid	()	()
Other	()
Net cash used for financing activities	()	()
Effects of exchange rate changes on foreign currency cash and restricted cash		()
Increase (decrease) in cash and restricted cash
Cash and restricted cash, beginning of year
Cash and restricted cash, end of period	$	$
Income taxes paid (received)
Interest paid

See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements


ARCH CAPITAL			9			2025 SECOND QUARTER FORM 10-Q

Table of Contents

ARCH CAPITAL GROUP LTD. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)

1. Basis of Presentation and Recent Accounting Pronouncements

Certain information and footnote disclosures normally included in financial statements prepared in accordance with GAAP have been condensed or omitted; however, management believes that the disclosures are adequate to make the information presented not misleading. This report should be read in conjunction with the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024 (“2024 Form 10-K”), including the Company’s audited consolidated financial statements and related notes.

All amounts are in millions, except per share amounts, unless otherwise noted.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

2. Acquisition

million. Direct costs related to the acquisition are immaterial, and were expensed as incurred. These include one-time costs that are directly attributable to third party consulting fees and other professional and legal fees related to the acquisition. Such costs are included within ‘corporate expenses’ in the consolidated statement of income. The Business acquired is included within the Company’s insurance segment beginning from the acquisition date.

The MCE Acquisition was accounted for as a business combination under FASB Accounting Standards Codification Topic 805, Business Combinations (“Topic 805”). Pursuant to Topic 805, the Company allocated the MCE Acquisition purchase price to tangible and identifiable intangible assets acquired and liabilities assumed based on their estimated fair values as of the acquisition date. The excess of the purchase price over those fair values was recorded to goodwill. During the measurement period, the Company adjusted the provisional amounts to reflect new information obtained about facts and circumstances that existed as of the Acquisition Date, which, if known, would have affected the measurement of the amounts recognized as of that date. Such adjustments impacted certain identifiable assets acquired and liabilities assumed, resulting in a decrease to net assets acquired and a corresponding increase to goodwill of $ million. The Company completed the analysis of the fair value of the assets, liabilities assumed and the related allocation of the purchase price during the three month period ended June 30, 2025.


ARCH CAPITAL			10			2025 SECOND QUARTER FORM 10-Q

Table of Contents

ARCH CAPITAL GROUP LTD. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)

Assets AcquiredCash and investments, at fair value$ Premiums receivable, net of commissionsIntangible asset -- distribution relationships yearsIntangible asset -- value of business acquired

- years

Intangible asset -- other (1)

- years

Other assets acquiredTotal assets acquired$ Liabilities AcquiredReserves for losses and loss adjustment expenses $ Unearned premiumsOther liabilities acquiredTotal liabilities acquired Identifiable net assets acquired (b)$ Goodwill (a) - (b)$

(1) million related to the net fair value adjustment to reserves for loss and loss adjustment expenses on August 1, 2024.

The Company recognized goodwill of $ million that is primarily attributed to the expanded presence and long-term growth opportunities in the insurance market provided by this strategic acquisition. Approximately $ million of the acquired goodwill and intangibles is expected to be deductible for income tax purposes. At the date of the acquisition, the Company established a net deferred tax asset of $ million related to the estimated fair value of reserves for losses and loss adjustment expenses and unearned premiums.

Intangible assets resulting from the acquisition are amortized as part of ‘amortization of intangible assets’ in the Company’s consolidated statements of income. The significant fair value adjustments and related future amortization are as follows:

Value of business acquired (“VOBA”)— which represents the present value of the expected underwriting profit within the unearned premium liability, less costs to service the related policies and a risk premium. The fair value of VOBA was determined after taking into consideration certain key assumptions, including the estimated cost of capital, investment yield, loss ratio and related expenses.

3. Share Transactions

million common shares for an aggregate purchase price of $ billion. For the six months ended June 30, 2025, Arch Capital repurchased million shares under the share repurchase program with an aggregate purchase price of $ million. Arch Capital did repurchase any shares under the share repurchase program during the six months ended June 30, 2024. At June 30, 2025, $ million of share repurchases were available under the program, which may be effected from time to time in open market or privately negotiated transactions. The timing and amount of the repurchase transactions under this program will depend on a variety of factors, including market conditions and corporate and regulatory considerations.


ARCH CAPITAL			11			2025 SECOND QUARTER FORM 10-Q

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ARCH CAPITAL GROUP LTD. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)

4. Earnings Per Common Share

$ $ $ Preferred dividends()()()()Net income (loss) available to Arch common shareholders$ $ $ $ Denominator:) ) ))) ))))) ) ) ) ) ))) )))) ) ) ) ) ))) ))))) ) ) ) ) ))) )))) ) )

(1) Certain assumed and ceded amounts related to intersegment transactions are included in individual segment results. Accordingly, the sum of such transactions for each segment does not agree to the total due to eliminations.

(2) ‘Other operating expenses’ primarily include expenses that are related to compensation and employee benefits, information technology and professional fees.


ARCH CAPITAL			17			2025 SECOND QUARTER FORM 10-Q

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ARCH CAPITAL GROUP LTD. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)

6. Reserve for Losses and Loss Adjustment Expenses

$ $ $

Unpaid losses and loss adjustment expenses recoverable

Net reserve for losses and loss adjustment expenses at beginning of period

Net incurred losses and loss adjustment expenses relating to losses occurring in:

Current year

Prior years

()()()()

Total net incurred losses and loss adjustment expenses

Net losses and loss adjustment expense reserves of acquired businesses (1)


ARCH CAPITAL			20			2025 SECOND QUARTER FORM 10-Q

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ARCH CAPITAL GROUP LTD. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)

$% due from carriers with A.M. Best rating of “A-” or better % %


ARCH CAPITAL			22			2025 SECOND QUARTER FORM 10-Q

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ARCH CAPITAL GROUP LTD. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)

$()$ $()$ $()U.S. government and government agencies () () ()Non-U.S. government securities () () ()Residential mortgage backed securities () () ()Asset backed securities () () ()Commercial mortgage backed securities () () ()Municipal bonds () ()Total () () ()Short-term investments () ()Total$ $()$ $()$ $()December 31, 2024Fixed maturities:Corporate bonds$ $()$ $()$ $()U.S. government and government agencies () () ()Non-U.S. government securities () () ()Residential mortgage backed securities () () ()Asset backed securities () () ()Commercial mortgage backed securities () () ()Municipal bonds () () ()Total () () ()Short-term investments () ()Total$ $()$ $()$ $()

At June 30, 2025, on a lot level basis, approximately security lots out of a total of approximately security lots were in an unrealized loss position and the largest single unrealized loss from a single lot in the Company’s fixed maturity portfolio was $ million. At December 31, 2024, on a lot level basis, approximately security lots out of a total of approximately security lots were in an unrealized loss position and the largest single unrealized loss from a single lot in the Company’s fixed maturity portfolio was $ million.

$ $ $ Due after one year through five years Due after five years through 10 years Due after 10 years Residential mortgage backed securities Commercial mortgage backed securities Asset backed securities Total$ $ $ $


ARCH CAPITAL			23			2025 SECOND QUARTER FORM 10-Q

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ARCH CAPITAL GROUP LTD. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)

billion of equity securities, at fair value, compared to $ billion at December 31, 2024. Such holdings include publicly traded common stocks, primarily in the consumer cyclical and non-cyclical, technology, communication and financial sectors, and exchange-traded funds in fixed income, equity and other sectors.

Other Investments, at Fair Value

$ Fixed maturities Short term investments Equity securities Total$ $

The following table summarizes the Company’s other investments, as detailed in the previous table, by strategy:


	June 30, 2025	December 31, 2024
Investment grade fixed income	$	$
Private equity
Lending
Term loan investments
Credit related funds
Energy


Total	$	$

Net Investment Income

$ Short term investments Equity securities Other (1) Gross investment income Investment expenses()()Net investment income$ $ Six Months EndedFixed maturities$ $ Short term investments Equity securities Other (1) Gross investment income Investment expenses()()Net investment income$ $


ARCH CAPITAL			24			2025 SECOND QUARTER FORM 10-Q

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ARCH CAPITAL GROUP LTD. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)

$ Gross losses on investment sales()()Change in fair value of assets and liabilities accounted for using the fair value option:Fixed maturities ()Other investments()()Short-term investments Equity securities, at fair value:Net realized gains (losses) on sales during the period Net unrealized gains (losses) on equity securities still held at reporting date Allowance for credit losses:Investments related() Underwriting related()()Derivative instruments (1) Other (2)() Net realized gains (losses)$ $ Six Months EndedAvailable for sale securities:Gross gains on investment sales$ $ Gross losses on investment sales()()Change in fair value of assets and liabilities accounted for using the fair value option:Fixed maturities ()Other investments ()Short-term investments Equity securities, at fair value:Net realized gains (losses) on sales during the period Net unrealized gains (losses) on equity securities still held at reporting date Allowance for credit losses:Investments related()()Underwriting related()() $ ) () $ ) ) () $ ) () $ ) ) () $

(1)

Restricted Assets

The Company is required to maintain assets on deposit, which primarily consist of fixed maturities, with various regulatory authorities to support its underwriting operations. The Company’s subsidiaries maintain assets in trust accounts as collateral for transactions with affiliated companies and also have investments in segregated portfolios primarily to provide collateral or guarantees for letters of credit to third parties. See note 18, “Commitments and Contingencies,” of the notes to consolidated financial statements in the Company’s 2024 Form 10-K.

$ Third party agreements Deposits with U.S. regulatory authorities Other (1) Total restricted assets$ $

(1) .


ARCH CAPITAL			27			2025 SECOND QUARTER FORM 10-Q

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ARCH CAPITAL GROUP LTD. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)

$ Restricted cash (included in ‘other assets’) Cash and restricted cash$ $

9. Fair Value

billion of financial assets and liabilities measured at fair value at June 30, 2025, approximately $ million, or %, were priced using non-binding broker-dealer quotes or modeled valuations. Of the $ billion of financial assets and liabilities measured at fair value at December 31, 2024, approximately $ million, or %, were priced using non-binding broker-dealer quotes or modeled valuations.


ARCH CAPITAL			28			2025 SECOND QUARTER FORM 10-Q

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ARCH CAPITAL GROUP LTD. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)


ARCH CAPITAL			29			2025 SECOND QUARTER FORM 10-Q

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ARCH CAPITAL GROUP LTD. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)


ARCH CAPITAL			30			2025 SECOND QUARTER FORM 10-Q

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ARCH CAPITAL GROUP LTD. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)

$ $ $ U.S. government and government agencies Asset backed securities Non-U.S. government securities Commercial mortgage backed securities Residential mortgage backed securities Municipal bonds Total Short-term investments Equity securities, at fair value Derivative instruments (2) Residential mortgage loans Fair value option:Corporate bonds Non-U.S. government securities U.S. government and government agencies Short-term investments Equity securities Other investments Other investments measured at net asset value (1) Total Total assets measured at fair value$ $ $ $ Liabilities measured at fair value: Other liabilities$()$ $ $()Derivative instruments (2)() () Total liabilities measured at fair value$()$ $()$()

(1)

(2) See note 10.


ARCH CAPITAL			31			2025 SECOND QUARTER FORM 10-Q

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ARCH CAPITAL GROUP LTD. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)

$ $ $ U.S. government and government agencies Asset backed securities Non-U.S. government securities Commercial mortgage backed securities Residential mortgage backed securities Municipal bonds Total Short-term investments Equity securities, at fair value Derivative instruments (2) Residential mortgage loans Fair value option:Corporate bonds Non-U.S. government securities Asset backed securities U.S. government and government agencies Short-term investments Equity securities Other investments Other investments measured at net asset value (1) Total Total assets measured at fair value$ $ $ $ Liabilities measured at fair value:Other liabilities$()$ $ $() )) )) )) ) )) $ $ $ $()

(1)


ARCH CAPITAL			33			2025 SECOND QUARTER FORM 10-Q

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ARCH CAPITAL GROUP LTD. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)

billion and had a fair value of $ billion. At December 31, 2024, the Company’s senior notes were carried at their cost, net of debt issuance costs, of $ billion and had a fair value of $ billion. The fair values of the senior notes were obtained from a third party pricing service and are based on observable market inputs. As such, the fair values of the senior notes are classified within Level 2.

10. Derivative Instruments

$()$ Foreign currency forward contracts () Other (3) () Total$ $()December 31, 2024Futures contracts$ $()$ Foreign currency forward contracts () Other (3) () Total$ $()

(1)

(2)

(3)

The Company did not hold any derivatives that were designated as hedging instruments at June 30, 2025 or December 31, 2024.

The Company’s derivative instruments can be traded under master netting agreements, which establish terms that apply to all derivative transactions with a counterparty. In the event of a bankruptcy or other stipulated event of default, such agreements provide that the non-defaulting party may elect to terminate all outstanding derivative transactions, in which case all individual derivative positions (loss or gain) with a counterparty are closed out and netted and replaced with a single amount, usually referred to as the termination amount, which is expressed in a single currency. The resulting single net amount, where positive, is payable to the party “in-the-money” regardless of whether or not it is the defaulting party, unless the parties have agreed that only the non-defaulting party is entitled to receive a termination payment where the net amount is positive and is in its favor. Contractual close-out netting reduces derivative credit exposure from gross to net exposure.

At June 30, 2025, asset derivatives and liability derivatives of $ million and $ million, respectively, were subject to a master netting agreement, compared to $ million and $ million, respectively, at December 31, 2024.


ARCH CAPITAL			34			2025 SECOND QUARTER FORM 10-Q

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ARCH CAPITAL GROUP LTD. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)

$()Foreign currency forward contracts Other (1) Total$ $ Six Months EndedNet realized gains (losses):Futures contracts$ $()Foreign currency forward contracts Other (1) Total$ $()

(1) .

11. Commitments and Contingencies

billion at June 30, 2025, compared to $ billion at December 31, 2024.

Interest Paid

Interest paid on the Company’s senior notes and other borrowings was $ million for the six months ended June 30, 2025, compared to $ million for the 2024 period.

12. Variable Interest Entities

(1)


ARCH CAPITAL			35			2025 SECOND QUARTER FORM 10-Q

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ARCH CAPITAL GROUP LTD. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)

13. Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)

$()$()$()Provision for credit losses() ()()Total before tax ()()()Income tax (expense) benefit Net of tax$ $()$()$() $ $ Less reclassification of net realized gains (losses) included in net income () Foreign currency translation adjustments () Other comprehensive income (loss)$ $ $ Three Months Ended June 30, 2024Unrealized appreciation (decline) in value of investments:Unrealized holding gains (losses) arising during period$()$()$()Less reclassification of net realized gains (losses) included in net income()()()Foreign currency translation adjustments() ()Other comprehensive income (loss)$ $()$ Six Months Ended June 30, 2025Unrealized appreciation (decline) in value of investments:Unrealized holding gains (losses) arising during period$ $ $ Less reclassification of net realized gains (losses) included in net income()()()Foreign currency translation adjustments () Other comprehensive income (loss)$ $ $ Six Months Ended June 30, 2024Unrealized appreciation (decline) in value of investments:Unrealized holding gains (losses) arising during period$()$()$()Less reclassification of net realized gains (losses) included in net income()()()Foreign currency translation adjustments() ()Other comprehensive income (loss)$()$()$()


ARCH CAPITAL			36			2025 SECOND QUARTER FORM 10-Q

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ARCH CAPITAL GROUP LTD. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)

14. Income Taxes

% for the six months ended June 30, 2025, compared to % for the six months ended June 30, 2024. The year-over-year increase is primarily attributed to the Government of Bermuda enacting the Corporate Income Tax Act 2023, which established a 15% corporate income tax effective January 1, 2025. The Company’s effective tax rate, which is based upon the expected annual effective tax rate, may fluctuate from period to period based on the relative mix of income or loss reported by jurisdiction and the varying tax rates in each jurisdiction.

billion at June 30, 2025, compared to a net deferred tax asset of $ billion at December 31, 2024. In addition, the Company paid $ million of income taxes for the six months ended June 30, 2025, compared to $ million of income taxes paid for the six months ended June 30, 2024.

15. Legal Proceedings

16. Transactions with Related Parties

million, compared to $ million at December 31, 2024.

million, compared to $ million for the six months ended June 30, 2024, as a result of certain reinsurance transactions with Somers. In addition, Somers paid certain acquisition costs and administrative fees to the Company. At June 30, 2025, the Company recorded a reinsurance recoverable on unpaid and paid losses from Somers of $ billion and a reinsurance balance payable to Somers of $ million, compared to $ billion and $ million, respectively, at December 31, 2024.

Under the terms of the Greysbridge equity financing, beginning January 1, 2024, the Company has a call right (but not the obligation) and Warburg and Kelso each have a put right (but not the obligation) to buy/sell a certain amount of their initial shares annually at the current year-end tangible book value per share of Greysbridge. In 2024, Warburg and Kelso both delivered a put option notice to sell a certain amount of their initial shares. This transaction, which will involve third-party purchasers of such shares, is expected to close in the 2025 calendar year, subject to any required regulatory approvals and other closing conditions. In association with the put option notice at June 30, 2025, the Company’s balance sheet reflected $ million in both other assets and other liabilities.

17. Subsequent Event

million common shares for an aggregate purchase price of $ million. At August 5, 2025, approximately $ million of repurchases were available under the Company’s share repurchase program.


ARCH CAPITAL			37			2025 SECOND QUARTER FORM 10-Q

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ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

The following is a discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations. This should be read in conjunction with our consolidated financial statements included in Item 1 of this report and also our Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations contained in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024 (“2024 Form 10-K”). In addition, readers should review “Risk Factors” set forth in Item 1A of Part I of our 2024 Form 10-K and “ITEM 1A—Risk Factors” of this Form 10-Q. All amounts are in millions, except per share amounts, unless otherwise noted.

Arch Capital Group Ltd. (“Arch Capital” and, together with its subsidiaries, “Arch”, “the Company”, “we”, “our” or “us”) is a publicly listed Bermuda exempted company with approximately $25.8 billion in capital at June 30, 2025 and, through operations in Bermuda, the United States, Europe, Canada and Australia, writes insurance, reinsurance and mortgage insurance on a worldwide basis.


		Page No.

Current Outlook		39
Financial Measures		40
Comment on Non-GAAP Financial Measures		41
Results of Operations		43
	Insurance Segment	43
	Reinsurance Segment	46
	Mortgage Segment	48
	Corporate	51
Critical Accounting Policies, Estimates and Recent Accounting Pronouncements		53
Financial Condition		53
Liquidity		58
Capital Resources		59
Catastrophic and Severe Economic Events		60
Market Sensitive Instruments and Risk Management		61


ARCH CAPITAL			38			2025 SECOND QUARTER FORM 10-Q

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CURRENT OUTLOOK

We reported solid results for the 2025 second quarter, with an annualized net income return on average common equity and operating return on average common equity of 22.9% and 18.2%, respectively. See “Comment on Non-GAAP Financial Measures.” Book value per share grew 7.3% in the 2025 the second quarter, reflecting our disciplined underwriting and capital management. We continue to execute our cycle management strategy by actively allocating capital to the segments with the best risk-adjusted returns, while retaining the flexibility to invest in our platform when we find attractive opportunities. This approach, combined with a diversified global platform and strong distribution relationships, allows us to adapt dynamically to shifting market conditions. We focus on practicing disciplined underwriting that builds a meaningful margin of safety into pricing, take a long-term view of risk and a prudent approach to reserving.

Our core objective to deliver long-term value for our shareholders remains unchanged. We will continue to execute on the key pillars of our strategy which are: to build a diversified mix of businesses; to actively manage the underwriting cycle; to remain prudent stewards of the capital entrusted to us by our shareholders; and to be dynamic managers of a data-driven enterprise with a culture that attracts best-in-class talent.

Overall, property and casualty market conditions remain largely consistent with the 2025 first quarter. Some sectors are seeing increased price competition while others continue to experience rate improvements. We believe the property and casualty market still presents meaningful opportunities for disciplined underwriters to generate attractive risk-adjusted returns on capital.

Our insurance segment reported $129 million of underwriting income for the 2025 second quarter, with net premium written surpassing $2 billion, which is an increase of 30.7% from the 2024 second quarter. Growth in net premiums written primarily resulted from the U.S MidCorp and Entertainment Insurance businesses acquired from Allianz on August 1, 2024 (“MCE Acquisition”). The integration of the MCE Acquisition is progressing well, and we remain excited about the increased capabilities this team brings to our insurance platform. Organic growth outside of the MCE Acquisition was modest, and growing our presence in middle market remains central to our strategy in North America. We saw selective growth in casualty lines, particularly in alternative market, E&S casualty and large account casualty, where pricing continued to outpace loss trends. However, competitive pressure persists in E&S property, excess D&O and cyber. While pricing in excess D&O and cyber appears to be stabilizing, we are maintaining a cautious stance, and prioritizing margin over volume in

these lines. Internationally, our Lloyd’s and London market businesses are experiencing increased, but rational, competition. Our long-term investment in establishing a leadership position at Lloyd’s continues to yield strong results reflected in favorable signings and our ability to attract top-tier underwriting talent.

Our reinsurance segment contributed $451 million of underwriting income in the 2025 second quarter, with over $2 billion of net premiums written. We are growing selectively and focusing on areas where margins are attractive. We anticipate continued selective growth in quota share arrangements in casualty lines and are willing to lean in—partnering with underwriting teams with strong expertise in complex liability risks. We also expanded our property catastrophe writings, primarily in Florida, where we saw attractive risk-adjusted returns and increased demand from clients for additional limits. Specialty lines remained a strategic focus, and our teams found several new opportunities this quarter. That said, our property other than property catastrophe excess of loss portfolio contracted, as cedants retained more risk and margins on certain portions of the portfolio fell below our target. We were generally pleased with the state of the mid-year catastrophe excess of loss renewals. While pricing was slightly down, margins remain attractive with primary insurers maintaining high retentions.

Our mortgage segment continued to deliver a steady level of earnings for our shareholders, generating $238 million of underwriting income in the 2025 second quarter, due to the strength of our in-force portfolio. While new originations were tempered by relatively high mortgage interest rates, underlying fundamentals remained strong and our U.S. market share was stable as industry pricing discipline held. The persistency of our in force U.S. primary mortgage insurance portfolio remained a healthy 81.9% and our delinquency rate remained low. While economic uncertainty could create headwinds, we still expect the mortgage segment to continue generating attractive underwriting income given the high credit quality and embedded equity of our in-force portfolio.


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FINANCIAL MEASURES

Management uses the following three key financial indicators in evaluating our performance and measuring the overall growth in value generated for Arch Capital’s common shareholders:

Book Value per Share

Book value per share represents total common shareholders’ equity available to Arch divided by the number of common shares outstanding. Management uses growth in book value per share as a key measure of the value generated for our common shareholders each period and believes that book value per share is the key driver of Arch Capital’s share price over time. Book value per share is impacted by, among other factors, our underwriting results, investment returns and share repurchase activity, which has an accretive or dilutive impact on book value per share depending on the purchase price. Book value per share was $59.17 at June 30, 2025, compared to $55.15 at March 31, 2025, and $52.75 at June 30, 2024. The 7.3% increase in book value per share for the 2025 second quarter primarily reflected strong underwriting and investment returns.

Operating Return on Average Common Equity

Operating return on average common equity (“Operating ROAE”) represents annualized after-tax operating income available to Arch common shareholders divided by the average of beginning and ending common shareholders’ equity available to Arch during the period. After-tax operating income available to Arch common shareholders, a non-GAAP financial measure as defined in Regulation G, represents net income available to Arch common shareholders, excluding net realized gains or losses (which includes realized and unrealized changes in the fair value of equity securities and assets accounted for using the fair value option, realized and unrealized gains or losses on derivative instruments, changes in the allowance for credit losses on financial assets and gains or losses realized from the acquisition or disposition of subsidiaries), equity in net income or loss of investments accounted for using the equity method, net foreign exchange gains or losses, transaction costs and other and income taxes. Management uses Operating ROAE as a key measure of the return generated to common shareholders. See “Comment on Non-GAAP Financial Measures.”

Our annualized net income return on average common equity was 22.9% for the 2025 second quarter, compared to 26.3% for the 2024 second quarter, and 17.0% for the six months ended June 30, 2025, compared to 25.4% for the 2024 period. Our Operating ROAE was 18.2% for the 2025 second quarter, compared to 20.5% for the 2024 second quarter and 14.8% for the six months ended June 30, 2025, compared to 20.5% for the 2024 period. Returns for 2025 reflected strong underwriting and investment returns.

Total Return on Investments

Total return on investments, a non-GAAP financial measure as defined in Regulation G, includes investment income, equity in net income or loss of investments accounted for using the equity method, net realized gains or losses attributable to the investment portfolio and the change in unrealized gains or losses generated by Arch’s investment portfolio. Total return is calculated on a pre-tax basis and before investment expenses and reflects the effect of financial market conditions along with foreign currency fluctuations. In addition, total return incorporates the timing of investment returns during the periods. The following table summarizes our total return compared to the benchmark return against which we measured our portfolio during the periods. See “Comment on Non-GAAP Financial Measures.”


	Arch Portfolio		Benchmark Return
Pre-tax total return (before investment expenses):
2025 Second Quarter	3.09	%	3.26	%
2024 Second Quarter	1.33	%	1.22	%

Six Months Ended June 30, 2025	5.17	%	5.37	%
Six Months Ended June 30, 2024	2.14	%	2.07	%

Total return for the 2025 periods reflected the effects of lower yields on U.S. Government bonds and slightly underperformed their benchmark returns, primarily due to the anticipated sale of certain alternative investments accounted for using the equity method. We continue to maintain a relatively short duration on our fixed income portfolio of 3.48 years at June 30, 2025, compared to 3.31 years at December 31, 2024.

The benchmark return index is a customized combination of indices intended to approximate a target portfolio by asset mix and average credit quality with a fixed income component matching the approximate estimated duration and currency mix of our insurance and reinsurance liabilities. It is recalibrated annually. Although the estimated fixed income duration and average credit quality of this index will move as the duration and rating of its constituent securities change, generally we do not adjust the composition of the benchmark return index during the year except to incorporate changes to the mix of liability currencies and


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durations noted above. The benchmark return index should not be interpreted as expressing a preference for or aversion to any particular sector or sector weight. At June 30, 2025, the fixed income portion of the benchmark had an average credit quality of “A1” by Moody’s and an estimated fixed income duration of 3.24 years.

The benchmark return index included weightings to the following indices:


	%
ICE BofA 1-10 Year U.S. Corporate Index	26.70
Yield on 3-5 Year U.S. Treasury Index plus 6%	17.00
ICE BofA 1-10 Year U.S. Treasury Index	15.00
ICE BofA 0-3 Month U.S. Treasury Index	3.00
JPM CLOIE Investment Grade	6.00
ICE BofA 1-5 Year U.K. Gilt Index	5.25
ICE BofA U.S. High Yield Constrained Index	5.00
ICE BofA U.S. ABS & CMBS Index	4.70
S&P 500 Total Return Index	4.50
ICE BofA U.S. Mortgage Backed Securities Index	3.50
ICE BofA German Government 1-5 Year Index	3.25
ICE BofA German Government 5-7 Year Index	0.60
ICE BofA 1-5 Year Canada Government Index	2.60
ICE BofA 15+ Year Canada Government Index	0.30
ICE BofA 1-5 Year Australia Government Index	1.90
ICE BofA 5-10 Year Australia Government Index	0.45
ICE BofA 1-5 Year Japan Government Index	0.25
Total	100.00	%

COMMENT ON NON-GAAP FINANCIAL MEASURES

Throughout this filing, we present our operations in the way we believe will be the most meaningful and useful to investors, analysts, rating agencies and others who use our financial information in evaluating the performance of our company. This presentation includes the use of after-tax operating income available to Arch common shareholders, which is defined as net income available to Arch common shareholders, excluding net realized gains or losses (which includes realized and unrealized changes in the fair value of equity securities and assets accounted for using the fair value option, realized and unrealized gains or losses on derivative instruments, changes in the allowance for credit losses on financial assets and gains or losses realized from the acquisition or disposition of subsidiaries), equity in net income or loss of investments accounted for using the equity method, net foreign exchange gains or losses, transaction costs and other, income taxes, and the use of annualized operating return on average common equity. The presentation of after-tax operating income available to Arch common shareholders and annualized operating return on average common equity are non-GAAP financial measures as defined in Regulation G. The reconciliation of such measures

to net income available to Arch common shareholders and annualized net income return on average common equity (the most directly comparable GAAP financial measures) in accordance with Regulation G is included under “Results of Operations” below.

We believe that net realized gains or losses, equity in net income or loss of investments accounted for using the equity method, net foreign exchange gains or losses and transaction costs and other in any particular period are not indicative of the performance of, or trends in, our business. Although net realized gains or losses, equity in net income or loss of investments accounted for using the equity method and net foreign exchange gains or losses are an integral part of our operations, the decision to realize these items, are independent of the insurance underwriting process and result, in large part, from general economic and financial market conditions. Furthermore, certain users of our financial information believe that, for many companies, the timing of the realization of investment gains or losses is largely opportunistic. In addition, changes in the allowance for credit losses and net impairment losses recognized in earnings on our investments represent other-than-temporary declines in expected recovery values on securities without actual realization. Furthermore, we exclude net realized gains or losses from the acquisition or disposition of subsidiaries, due to their non-recurring nature, such items are not indicative of the performance of, or trends in, our business performance.

The use of the equity method on certain of our investments funds that invest in fixed maturity securities is driven by the ownership structure of such funds (either limited partnerships or limited liability companies). In applying the equity method, these investments are initially recorded at cost and are subsequently adjusted based on our proportionate share of the net income or loss of the funds (which include changes in the market value of the underlying securities in the funds). This method of accounting is different from the way in which we account for our other investments; and, the timing of the recognition of equity in net income or loss of investments accounted for using the equity method may differ from gains or losses in the future upon sale or maturity of such investments.

Transaction costs and other include integration, advisory, financing, legal, severance, incentive compensation and all other transaction costs directly related to acquisitions. We believe that transaction costs and other, due to their nonrecurring nature, are not indicative of the performance of, or trends in, our business performance.

We believe that showing net income available to Arch common shareholders exclusive of the items referred to above reflects the underlying fundamentals of our business since we evaluate the performance of and manage our business to produce an underwriting profit. In addition to


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presenting the net income available to Arch common shareholders, we believe that this presentation enables investors and other users of our financial information to analyze our performance in a manner similar to how management analyzes performance. We also believe that this measure follows industry practice and, therefore, allows the users of financial information to compare our performance with our industry peer group. We believe that the equity analysts and certain rating agencies that follow us and the insurance industry as a whole generally exclude these items from their analyses for the same reasons.

Our segment information includes the presentation of consolidated underwriting income or loss. Such measures represent the pre-tax profitability of our underwriting operations and include net premiums earned plus other underwriting income, less losses and loss adjustment expenses, acquisition expenses and other operating expenses. Other operating expenses include those operating expenses that are incremental and/or directly attributable to our individual underwriting operations. Underwriting income or loss does not incorporate certain income and expense items which are included in corporate. While these measures are presented in note 5, “Segment Information,” to our consolidated financial statements, they are considered non-GAAP financial measures when presented elsewhere on a consolidated basis. The reconciliations of underwriting income or loss to income before income taxes (the most directly comparable GAAP financial measure) on a consolidated basis, in accordance with Regulation G, is shown in note 5, “Segment Information” to our consolidated financial statements.

We measure segment performance for our three underwriting segments based on underwriting income or loss. We do not manage our assets by underwriting segment, with the exception of goodwill and intangible assets, and, accordingly, investment income, income from operating affiliates and other non-underwriting related items are not allocated to each underwriting segment.

Our presentation of segment information includes the use of a current year loss ratio which excludes favorable or adverse development in prior year loss reserves. This ratio is a non-GAAP financial measure as defined in Regulation G. The reconciliation of such measure to the loss ratio (the most directly comparable GAAP financial measure) in accordance with Regulation G is shown on the individual segment pages. Management utilizes the current year loss ratio in its analysis of the underwriting performance of each of our underwriting segments. Effective in the 2025 first quarter, the ‘Other operating expense ratio’ includes ‘Other underwriting income.’

Total return on investments includes investment income, equity in net income or loss of investments accounted for using the equity method, net realized gains or losses (excluding changes in the allowance for credit losses on non-investment related financial assets) and the change in unrealized gains or losses generated by Arch’s investment portfolio. Total return is calculated on a pre-tax basis and before investment expenses, and reflects the effect of financial market conditions along with foreign currency fluctuations. In addition, total return incorporates the timing of investment returns during the periods. There is no directly comparable GAAP financial measure for total return. Management uses total return on investments as a key measure of the return generated to Arch common shareholders on the capital held in the business, and compares the return generated by our investment portfolio against benchmark returns which we measured our portfolio against during the periods.


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RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

The following table summarizes our consolidated financial data, including a reconciliation of net income or loss available to Arch common shareholders to after-tax operating income or loss available to Arch common shareholders. See “Comment on Non-GAAP Financial Measures.”


	Three Months Ended				Six Months Ended
	June 30,				June 30,
	2025		2024		2025		2024
Net income available to Arch common shareholders	$	1,227	$	1,259	$	1,791	$	2,369
Net realized (gains) losses (1)	(229)		(122)		(232)		(189)

Equity in net (income) loss of investments accounted for using the equity method	(162)		(167)		(215)		(266)
Net foreign exchange (gains) losses	88		(1)		115		(32)
Transaction costs and other	18		18		28		25

Income tax expense (benefit) (2)	37		(6)		79		7
After-tax operating income available to Arch common shareholders	$	979	$	981	$	1,566	$	1,914

Beginning common shareholders’ equity	$	20,715	$	18,525	$	19,990	$	17,523
Ending common shareholders’ equity	22,211		19,835		22,211		19,835
Average common shareholders’ equity	$	21,463	$	19,180	$	21,101	$	18,679

Annualized net income return on average common equity %	22.9		26.3		17.0		25.4
Annualized operating return on average common equity %	18.2		20.5		14.8		20.5

(1) Net realized gains or losses include realized and unrealized changes in the fair value of equity securities and assets accounted for using the fair value option, realized and unrealized gains or losses on derivative instruments, changes in the allowance for credit losses on financial assets and gains or losses realized from the acquisition or disposition of subsidiaries.

(2) Income tax expense on net realized gains or losses, equity in net income or loss of investments accounted for using the equity method, net foreign exchange gains or losses and transaction costs and other reflects the relative mix reported by jurisdiction and the varying tax rates in each jurisdiction.

Segment Information

We classify our businesses into three underwriting segments: insurance, reinsurance and mortgage. Our insurance, reinsurance and mortgage segments each have managers who are responsible for the overall profitability of their respective segments and who are directly accountable to our chief operating decision makers. The Chief Executive Officer and the Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer are the Company’s chief operating decision makers. They do not assess performance, measure return on equity or make resource allocation decisions on a line of business basis. Management measures segment performance for our three underwriting segments based on underwriting income or loss. We do not manage our assets by underwriting segment, with the exception of goodwill and intangible assets, and accordingly, investment income is not allocated to each underwriting segment.

We determined our reportable segments using the management approach described in accounting guidance regarding disclosures about segments of an enterprise and related information. The accounting policies of the segments are the same as those used for the preparation of our consolidated financial statements. Intersegment business is allocated to the segment accountable for the underwriting results.

Insurance Segment

The Company’s insurance segment primarily consists of commercial insurance lines of business, with a focus on specialty insurance products. These products are mainly offered in North America, Bermuda, the United Kingdom, continental Europe and Australia. Products offered in North America include: commercial automobile; commercial multi-peril; other liability-claims made, which includes financial and professional lines; other liability-occurrence, which includes admitted and excess and surplus casualty lines; property and short-tail specialty; workers compensation; and other. Products offered across the Company’s International units include: property and short-tail specialty; and casualty and other.


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The following tables set forth our insurance segment’s underwriting results:


	Three Months Ended June 30,
	2025			2024			% Change
Gross premiums written	$	2,681		$	2,102		27.5
Premiums ceded	(645)			(544)
Net premiums written	2,036			1,558			30.7
Change in unearned premiums	(67)			(80)
Net premiums earned	1,969			1,478			33.2
Other underwriting income (1)	13			—
Losses and loss adjustment expenses	(1,178)			(848)
Acquisition expenses	(387)			(288)
Other operating expenses	(288)			(233)
Underwriting income (loss)	$	129		$	109		18.3

Underwriting Ratios							% Point Change
Loss ratio	59.8		%	57.3		%	2.5
Acquisition expense ratio	19.6		%	19.5		%	0.1
Other operating expense ratio (2)	14.0		%	15.8		%	(1.8)
Combined ratio	93.4		%	92.6		%	0.8

(1) ‘Other underwriting income’ includes revenue earned from underwriting-related activities covered under existing service contracts.

(2) The ‘Other operating expense ratio’ for the 2025 period includes ‘Other underwriting income.’ See ‘Comments on Non-GAAP Financial Measures’ for further details.


	Six Months Ended June 30,
	2025			2024			% Change
Gross premiums written	$	5,326		$	4,228		26.0
Premiums ceded	(1,357)			(1,128)
Net premiums written	3,969			3,100			28.0
Change in unearned premiums	(140)			(171)
Net premiums earned	3,829			2,929			30.7
Other underwriting income (1)	16			—
Losses and loss adjustment expenses	(2,406)			(1,702)
Acquisition expenses	(730)			(564)
Other operating expenses	(582)			(468)
Underwriting income (loss)	$	127		$	195		(34.9)

Underwriting Ratios							% Point Change
Loss ratio	62.8		%	58.1		%	4.7
Acquisition expense ratio	19.1		%	19.2		%	(0.1)
Other operating expense ratio (2)	14.8		%	16.0		%	(1.2)
Combined ratio	96.7		%	93.3		%	3.4

(1) ‘Other underwriting income’ includes revenue earned from underwriting-related activities covered under existing service contracts.

(2) The ‘Other operating expense ratio’ for the 2025 period includes ‘Other underwriting income.’ See ‘Comments on Non-GAAP Financial Measures’ for further details.

Premiums Written.

The following tables set forth our insurance segment’s net premiums written by major line of business:


	2025			2024
	Amount		%	Amount		%
North America
Property and short-tail specialty	$	369	18.1	$	276	17.7
Other liability - occurrence	366		18.0	224		14.4
Other liability - claims made	206		10.1	215		13.8
Commercial multi-peril	205		10.1	62		4.0
Commercial automobile	165		8.1	123		7.9
Workers compensation	130		6.4	112		7.2
Other	89		4.4	75		4.8
Total North America	1,530		75.1	1,087		69.8

International
Property and short-tail specialty	$	278	13.7	$	260	16.7
Casualty and other	228		11.2	211		13.5
Total International	506		24.9	471		30.2
Total	$	2,036	100.0	$	1,558	100.0

2025 Second Quarter versus 2024 Period. Gross premiums written by the insurance segment in the 2025 second quarter were 27.5% higher than in the 2024 second quarter (3.6% excluding the MCE Acquisition), while net premiums written were 30.7% higher than in the 2024 second quarter (1.7% excluding the MCE Acquisition).


	Six Months Ended June 30,
	2025			2024
	Amount		%	Amount		%
North America
Property and short-tail specialty	$	717	18.1	$	560	18.1
Other liability - occurrence	696		17.5	407		13.1
Other liability - claims made	355		8.9	415		13.4
Commercial multi-peril	403		10.2	103		3.3
Commercial automobile	326		8.2	235		7.6
Workers compensation	283		7.1	255		8.2
Other	165		4.2	144		4.6
Total North America	2,945		74.2	2,119		68.4

International
Property and short-tail specialty	$	545	13.7	$	528	17.0
Casualty and other	479		12.1	453		14.6
Total International	1,024		25.8	981		31.6
Total	$	3,969	100.0	$	3,100	100.0

Six Months Ended June 30, 2025 versus 2024 period. Gross premiums written by the insurance segment for the six months ended June 30, 2025 were 26.0% higher than in the 2024 period, while net premiums written were 28.0% higher than in the 2024 period (1.5% excluding the MCE Acquisition).


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Net Premiums Earned.

The following tables set forth our insurance segment’s net premiums earned by major line of business:


	2025			2024
	Amount		%	Amount		%
North America
Property and short-tail specialty	$	363	18.4	$	264	17.9
Other liability - occurrence	338		17.2	175		11.8
Other liability - claims made	186		9.4	208		14.1
Commercial multi-peril	203		10.3	57		3.9
Commercial automobile	147		7.5	106		7.2
Workers compensation	147		7.5	132		8.9
Other	71		3.6	75		5.1
Total North America	1,455		73.9	1,017		68.8

International
Property and short-tail specialty	$	272	13.8	$	248	16.8
Casualty and other	242		12.3	213		14.4
Total International	514		26.1	461		31.2
Total	$	1,969	100.0	$	1,478	100.0


	Six Months Ended June 30,
	2025			2024
	Amount		%	Amount		%
North America
Property and short-tail specialty	$	696	18.2	527		18.0
Other liability - occurrence	667		17.4	350		11.9
Other liability - claims made	378		9.9	420		14.3
Commercial multi-peril	404		10.6	100		3.4
Commercial automobile	292		7.6	207		7.1
Workers compensation	278		7.3	259		8.8
Other	143		3.7	156		5.3
Total North America	2,858		74.6	2,019		68.9

International
Property and short-tail specialty	$	508	13.3	486		16.6
Casualty and other	463		12.1	424		14.5
Total International	971		25.4	910		31.1
Total	$	3,829	100.0	$	2,929	100.0

Net premiums written are primarily earned on a pro rata basis over the terms of the policies for all products, usually 12 months. Net premiums earned reflect changes in net premiums written over the previous five quarters. Net premiums earned for the 2025 second quarter were 33.2% higher than in the 2024 second quarter (6.8% excluding the MCE Acquisition) while net premiums earned for the six months ended June 30, 2025 were 30.7% higher than in the 2024 period (4.3% excluding the MCE Acquisition).

Other Underwriting Income.

Other underwriting income, which includes revenue earned from underwriting-related activities covered under existing service contracts, was $13 million for the 2025 second quarter, compared to nil for the 2024 second quarter, and $16 million for the six months ended June 30, 2025, compared to nil for the 2024 period.

Losses and Loss Adjustment Expenses.

The table below shows the components of the insurance segment’s loss ratio:


	Three Months Ended				Six Months Ended
	June 30,				June 30,
	2025		2024		2025		2024
Current year	60.2	%	57.6	%	63.4	%	58.6	%
Prior period reserve development	(0.4)	%	(0.3)	%	(0.6)	%	(0.5)	%
Loss ratio	59.8	%	57.3	%	62.8	%	58.1	%

Current Year Loss Ratio.

2025 Second Quarter versus 2024 Period. The insurance segment’s current year loss ratio in the 2025 second quarter was 2.6 points higher than in the 2024 second quarter. The 2025 second quarter loss ratio reflected 2.9 points of current year catastrophic activity, compared to 2.0 points of current year catastrophic activity in the 2024 second quarter. The current year loss ratio for the 2025 second quarter also reflected the impact of the MCE Acquisition and changes in mix of business.

Six Months Ended June 30, 2025 versus 2024 Period. The insurance segment’s current year loss ratio for the six months ended June 30, 2025 was 4.8 points higher than in the 2024 period and reflected 6.1 points of current year catastrophic activity, primarily related to the California wildfires, compared to 1.9 points in the 2024 period. The current year loss ratio for the 2025 period also reflected the impact of the MCE Acquisition and changes in mix of business.


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Prior Period Reserve Development.

The insurance segment’s net favorable development was $8 million, or 0.4 points, for the 2025 second quarter, compared to $5 million, or 0.3 points, for the 2024 second quarter, and $25 million, or 0.6 points, for the six months ended June 30, 2025, compared to $15 million, or 0.5 points, for the 2024 period. See note 6, “Reserve for Losses and Loss Adjustment Expenses,” to our consolidated financial statements for information about the insurance segment’s prior year reserve development.

Underwriting Expenses.

2025 Second Quarter versus 2024 Period. The insurance segment’s underwriting expense ratio was 33.6% in the 2025 second quarter, compared to 35.3% in the 2024 second quarter, with the decrease reflecting growth in net premiums earned. The impact of the MCE Acquisition lowered the current year underwriting expense ratio by approximately 0.6 points, due to efficiencies of scale in operating expenses and, to a lesser extent, to the effects of the fair value estimation of the assets acquired at closing, including the non-recognition of deferred acquisition costs.

Six Months Ended June 30, 2025 versus 2024 period. The insurance segment’s underwriting expense ratio was 33.9% for the six months ended June 30, 2025, compared to 35.2% for the 2024 period, with the decrease reflecting growth in net premiums earned. The impact of the MCE Acquisition lowered the current year underwriting expense ratio by approximately 1.1 points.

Reinsurance Segment

The Company’s reinsurance segment offers reinsurance products on a worldwide basis. Lines of business include: casualty; marine and aviation; specialty; property catastrophe; property excluding property catastrophe; and other.

The following tables set forth our reinsurance segment’s underwriting results:


	Three Months Ended June 30,
	2025			2024			% Change
Gross premiums written	$	3,196		$	2,941		8.7
Premiums ceded	(1,137)			(994)
Net premiums written	2,059			1,947			5.8
Change in unearned premiums	28			(167)
Net premiums earned	2,087			1,780			17.2
Other underwriting income (1)	46			1
Losses and loss adjustment expenses	(1,128)			(1,006)
Acquisition expenses	(436)			(345)
Other operating expenses	(118)			(64)
Underwriting income	$	451		$	366		23.2

Underwriting Ratios							% Point Change
Loss ratio	54.1		%	56.5		%	(2.4)
Acquisition expense ratio	20.9		%	19.4		%	1.5
Other operating expense ratio (2)	3.5		%	3.6		%	(0.1)
Combined ratio	78.5		%	79.5		%	(1.0)

(1) ‘Other underwriting income’ includes revenue earned from underwriting-related activities covered under existing service contracts.

(2) The ‘Other operating expense ratio’ for the 2025 period includes ‘Other underwriting income.’ See ‘Comments on Non-GAAP Financial Measures’ for further details.


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	Six Months Ended June 30,
	2025			2024			% Change
Gross premiums written	$	6,690		$	6,408		4.4
Premiums ceded	(2,315)			(2,195)
Net premiums written	4,375			4,213			3.8
Change in unearned premiums	(260)			(767)
Net premiums earned	4,115			3,446			19.4
Other underwriting income (1)	85			3
Losses and loss adjustment expenses	(2,484)			(1,889)
Acquisition expenses	(853)			(676)
Other operating expenses	(245)			(139)
Underwriting income (loss)	$	618		$	745		(17.0)

Underwriting Ratios							% Point Change
Loss ratio	60.4		%	54.8		%	5.6
Acquisition expense ratio	20.7		%	19.6		%	1.1
Other operating expense ratio (2)	3.9		%	4.0		%	(0.1)
Combined ratio	85.0		%	78.4		%	6.6

(1) ‘Other underwriting income’ includes revenue earned from underwriting-related activities covered under existing service contracts.

(2) The ‘Other operating expense ratio’ for the 2025 period includes ‘Other underwriting income.’ See ‘Comments on Non-GAAP Financial Measures’ for further details.

Premiums Written.

The following tables set forth our reinsurance segment’s net premiums written by major line of business:


	2025			2024
	Amount		%	Amount		%
Specialty	$	729	35.4	$	539	27.7
Property catastrophe	484		23.5	472		24.2
Property excluding property catastrophe	430		20.9	585		30.0
Casualty	308		15.0	261		13.4
Marine and aviation	68		3.3	59		3.0
Other	40		1.9	31		1.6
Total	$	2,059	100.0	$	1,947	100.0

2025 Second Quarter versus 2024 Period. Gross premiums written by the reinsurance segment in the 2025 second quarter were 8.7% higher than in the 2024 second quarter, while net premiums written were 5.8% higher than in the 2024 second quarter. The growth in net premiums written primarily reflected increases in most lines of business, due in part to rate increases, new business opportunities and growth in existing accounts.


	Six Months Ended June 30,
	2025			2024
	Amount		%	Amount		%
Specialty	$	1,323	30.2	$	1,379	32.7
Property catastrophe	961		22.0	822		19.5
Property excluding property catastrophe	1,011		23.1	1,152		27.3
Casualty	807		18.4	604		14.3
Marine and aviation	189		4.3	188		4.5
Other	84		1.9	68		1.6
Total	$	4,375	100.0	$	4,213	100.0

Six Months Ended June 30, 2025 versus 2024 period. Gross premiums written by the reinsurance segment for the six months ended June 30, 2025 were 4.4% higher than in the 2024 period, while net premiums written were 3.8% higher than in the 2024 period. The growth in net premiums written reflected increases in most lines of business, due in part to rate increases, new business opportunities and growth in existing accounts.

Net Premiums Earned.

The following tables set forth our reinsurance segment’s net premiums earned by major line of business:


	2025			2024
	Amount		%	Amount		%
Specialty	$	760	36.4	$	659	37.0
Property catastrophe	260		12.5	246		13.8
Property excluding property catastrophe	587		28.1	520		29.2
Casualty	355		17.0	269		15.1
Marine and aviation	82		3.9	60		3.4
Other	43		2.1	26		1.5
Total	$	2,087	100.0	$	1,780	100.0


	Six Months Ended June 30,
	2025			2024
	Amount		%	Amount		%
Specialty	$	1,487	36.1	$	1,246	36.2
Property catastrophe	566		13.8	480		13.9
Property excluding property catastrophe	1,135		27.6	1,006		29.2
Casualty	680		16.5	516		15.0
Marine and aviation	162		3.9	134		3.9
Other	85		2.1	64		1.9
Total	$	4,115	100.0	$	3,446	100.0

Net premiums written, irrespective of the class of business, are generally earned on a pro rata basis over the terms of the underlying policies or reinsurance contracts. Net premiums earned reflect changes in net premiums written over the previous five quarters. Net premiums earned for the 2025 second quarter were 17.2% higher than in the 2024 second quarter, while net premiums earned for the six months ended June 30, 2025 were 19.4% higher than in the 2024 period.


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Other Underwriting Income.

Other underwriting income, which includes revenue earned from underwriting-related activities covered under existing service contracts, was $46 million for the 2025 second quarter, compared to $1 million for the 2024 second quarter, and $85 million for the six months ended June 30, 2025, compared to $3 million for the 2024 period.

Losses and Loss Adjustment Expenses.

The table below shows the components of the reinsurance segment’s loss ratio:


	Three Months Ended				Six Months Ended
	June 30,				June 30,
	2025		2024		2025		2024
Current year	58.0	%	58.4	%	65.3	%	57.0	%
Prior period reserve development	(3.9)	%	(1.9)	%	(4.9)	%	(2.2)	%
Loss ratio	54.1	%	56.5	%	60.4	%	54.8	%

Current Year Loss Ratio.

2025 Second Quarter versus 2024 Period. The reinsurance segment’s current year loss ratio in the 2025 second quarter was 0.4 points lower than in the 2024 second quarter. The 2025 second quarter loss ratio reflected 5.5 points of current year catastrophic activity, compared to 10.0 points of current year catastrophic activity in the 2024 second quarter. The current year loss ratio for the 2025 second quarter also reflected a higher level of attritional losses and changes in the mix of business.

Six Months Ended June 30, 2025 versus 2024 Period. The reinsurance segment’s current year loss ratio for the six months ended June 30, 2025 was 8.3 points higher than in the 2024 period and reflected 13.5 points of current year catastrophic activity primarily related to the California wildfires, compared to 6.1 points in the 2024 period. The current year loss ratio for the 2025 period and also reflected the impact of rate increases and changes in mix of business.

Prior Period Reserve Development.

The reinsurance segment’s net favorable development was $81 million, or 3.9 points, for the 2025 second quarter, compared to $34 million, or 1.9 points, for the 2024 second quarter, and $200 million, or 4.9 points, for the six months ended June 30, 2025, compared to $74 million, or 2.2 points, for the 2024 period. See note 6, “Reserve for Losses and Loss Adjustment Expenses,” to our consolidated financial statements for information about the reinsurance segment’s prior year reserve development.

Underwriting Expenses.

2025 Second Quarter versus 2024 Period. The underwriting expense ratio for the reinsurance segment was 24.4% in the 2025 second quarter, compared to 23.0% in the 2024 second quarter, with the increase primarily reflecting lower profit and sliding scale commissions on ceded business in the 2025 second quarter.

Six Months Ended June 30, 2025 versus 2024 period. The underwriting expense ratio for the reinsurance segment was 24.6% for the six months ended June 30, 2025, compared to 23.6% for the 2024 period. The increase in the 2025 period primarily reflected lower profit and sliding scale commissions on ceded business.

Mortgage Segment

The Company’s mortgage segment consists of U.S. primary mortgage insurance business written predominantly on loans sold to the Federal National Mortgage Association (“Fannie Mae”) and the Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation (“Freddie Mac”), each a government sponsored entity (“GSE”) and also through non GSE approved entities (combined “Arch MI U.S.”); reinsurance and underwriting services related to U.S. credit-risk transfer (“CRT”) business which are predominately with the GSEs and other U.S. mortgage reinsurance transactions; and international mortgage insurance and reinsurance business covering loans primarily in Australia and Europe.

The following tables set forth our mortgage segment’s underwriting results:


	Three Months Ended June 30,
	2025			2024			% Change
Gross premiums written	$	323		$	340		(5.0)
Premiums ceded	(70)			(64)
Net premiums written	253			276			(8.3)
Change in unearned premiums	28			31
Net premiums earned	281			307			(8.5)
Other underwriting income (1)	3			2
Losses and loss adjustment expenses	3			27
Acquisition expenses	(1)			—
Other operating expenses	(48)			(49)
Underwriting income	$	238		$	287		(17.1)

Underwriting Ratios							% Point Change
Loss ratio	(1.2)		%	(8.6)		%	7.4
Acquisition expense ratio	0.4		%	0.1		%	0.3
Other operating expense ratio (2)	16.0		%	15.9		%	0.1
Combined ratio	15.2		%	7.4		%	7.8

(1) ‘Other underwriting income’ includes revenue earned from underwriting-related activities covered under existing service contracts.

(2) The ‘Other operating expense ratio’ for the 2025 period includes ‘Other underwriting income.’ See ‘Comments on Non-GAAP Financial Measures’ for further details.


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	Six Months Ended June 30,
	2025			2024			% Change
Gross premiums written	$	649		$	681		(4.7)
Premiums ceded	(130)			(128)
Net premiums written	519			553			(6.1)
Change in unearned premiums	62			59
Net premiums earned	581			612			(5.1)
Other underwriting income (1)	14			12
Losses and loss adjustment expenses	—			36
Acquisition expenses	(5)			—
Other operating expenses	(100)			(102)
Underwriting income	$	490		$	558		(12.2)

Underwriting Ratios							% Point Change
Loss ratio	—		%	(5.8)		%	5.8
Acquisition expense ratio	0.9		%	0.1		%	0.8
Other operating expense ratio (2)	14.9		%	16.7		%	(1.8)
Combined ratio	15.8		%	11.0		%	4.8

(1) ‘Other underwriting income’ includes revenue earned from underwriting-related activities covered under existing service contracts.

(2) The ‘Other operating expense ratio’ for the 2025 period includes ‘Other underwriting income.’ See ‘Comments on Non-GAAP Financial Measures’ for further details.

Premiums Written.

The following tables set forth our mortgage segment’s net premiums written by major line of business:


	2025			2024
	Amount		%	Amount		%
U.S. primary mortgage insurance	$	184	72.7	$	201	72.8
U.S. credit risk transfer (CRT) and other	51		20.2	51		18.5
International mortgage insurance/ reinsurance	18		7.1	24		8.7
Total	$	253	100.0	$	276	100.0

2025 Second Quarter versus 2024 Period. Gross premiums written by the mortgage segment in the 2025 second quarter were 5.0% lower than in the 2024 second quarter, while net premiums written were 8.3% lower than in the 2024 second quarter. The reduction in net premiums written in the 2025 second quarter primarily reflected a one-time $15 million expense related to the tender offer of certain Bellemeade Re mortgage insurance linked notes and to a lesser extent a lower level of mortgage originations, mostly in our international businesses.


	Six Months Ended June 30,
	2025			2024
	Amount		%	Amount		%
U.S. primary mortgage insurance	$	387	74.6	$	403	72.9
U.S. credit risk transfer (CRT) and other	101		19.5	107		19.3
International mortgage insurance/ reinsurance	31		6.0	43		7.8
Total	$	519	100.0	$	553	100.0

Six Months Ended June 30, 2025 versus 2024 Period. Gross premiums written by the mortgage segment for the six months ended June 30, 2025 were 4.7% lower than in the 2024 period, while net premiums written for the six months ended June 30, 2025 were 6.1% lower than in the 2024 period. The reduction in net premiums written in the 2025 period primarily reflected a lower level of mortgage originations, mostly in our international businesses and a one-time $15 million expense related to the tender offer of certain Bellemeade Re mortgage insurance linked notes.

The persistency rate was 81.9% for the Arch MI U.S. portfolio of primary mortgage insurance policies at June 30, 2025, compared to 83.3% at June 30, 2024. The persistency rate represents the percentage of mortgage insurance in force at the beginning of a 12 month period that remains in force at the end of such period.

The following tables provide details on the new insurance written (“NIW”) generated by Arch MI U.S. NIW represents the original principal balance of all loans that received coverage during the period.


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	Amount		%	Amount		%
Total new insurance written (NIW)	$	12,254		$	13,799

Credit quality (FICO):
>=740	$	9,411	76.8	$	9,726	70.5
680-739	2,527		20.6	3,641		26.4
620-679	313		2.6	430		3.1
<620	3		0.0	2		0.0
Total	$	12,254	100.0	$	13,799	100.0

Loan-to-value (LTV):
95.01% and above	$	814	6.6	$	1,014	7.3
90.01% to 95.00%	5,632		46.0	7,234		52.4
85.01% to 90.00%	3,945		32.2	4,047		29.3
85.00% and below	1,863		15.2	1,504		10.9
Total	$	12,254	100.0	$	13,799	100.0

Monthly vs. single:
Monthly	$	11,779	96.1	$	12,764	92.5
Single	475		3.9	1,035		7.5
Total	$	12,254	100.0	$	13,799	100.0

Purchase vs. refinance:
Purchase	$	11,633	94.9	$	13,588	98.5
Refinance	621		5.1	211		1.5
Total	$	12,254	100.0	$	13,799	100.0


	Six Months Ended June 30,
	2025			2024
	Amount		%	Amount		%
Total new insurance written (NIW)	$	21,444		$	23,135

Credit quality (FICO):
>=740	$	16,246	75.8	$	16,090	69.5
680-739	4,630		21.6	6,301		27.2
620-679	562		2.6	741		3.2
<620	6		0.0	3		0.0
Total	$	21,444	100.0	$	23,135	100.0

Loan-to-value (LTV):
95.01% and above	$	1,570	7.3	$	1,556	6.7
90.01% to 95.00%	10,006		46.7	12,474		53.9
85.01% to 90.00%	6,865		32.0	6,671		28.8
85.01% and below	3,003		14.0	2,434		10.5
Total	$	21,444	100.0	$	23,135	100.0

Monthly vs. single:
Monthly	$	20,276	94.6	$	21,680	93.7
Single	1,168		5.4	1,455		6.3
Total	$	21,444	100.0	$	23,135	100.0

Purchase vs. refinance:
Purchase	$	20,428	95.3	$	22,755	98.4
Refinance	1,016		4.7	380		1.6
Total	$	21,444	100.0	$	23,135	100.0

Net Premiums Earned.

The following tables set forth our mortgage segment’s net premiums earned by major line of business:


	2025			2024
	Amount		%	Amount		%
U.S. primary mortgage insurance	$	188	66.9	$	209	68.1
U.S. credit risk transfer (CRT) and other	51		18.1	51		16.6
International mortgage insurance/ reinsurance	42		14.9	47		15.3
Total	$	281	100.0	$	307	100.0

2025 Second Quarter versus 2024 Period. Net premiums earned for the 2025 second quarter were 8.5% lower than in the 2024 second quarter, reflecting changes in net premiums written over the previous five quarters. The decrease in net premiums earned in the 2025 period primarily reflected a one-time $15 million expense related to the tender offer of certain Bellemeade Re mortgage insurance linked notes and a lower level of mortgage originations, mostly in our international businesses.


	Six Months Ended June 30,
	2025			2024
	Amount		%	Amount		%
U.S. primary mortgage insurance	$	397	68.3	$	415	67.8
U.S. credit risk transfer (CRT) and other	101		17.4	107		17.5
International mortgage insurance/ reinsurance	83		14.3	90		14.7
Total	$	581	100.0	$	612	100.0

Six Months Ended June 30, 2025 versus 2024 Period. For the six months ended June 30, 2025, net premiums earned were 5.1% lower than in the 2024 period. The decrease in net premiums earned in the 2025 period primarily reflected a one-time $15 million expense related to the tender offer of certain Bellemeade Re mortgage insurance linked notes and a lower level of mortgage originations, mostly in our international businesses.

Other Underwriting Income.

Other underwriting income, which is primarily related to GSE credit risk-sharing transactions, was $3 million for the 2025 second quarter, compared to $2 million for the 2024 second quarter, and $14 million for the six months ended June 30, 2025, compared to $12 million for the 2024 period.


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Losses and Loss Adjustment Expenses.

The table below shows the components of the mortgage segment’s loss ratio:


	Three Months Ended				Six Months Ended
	June 30,				June 30,
	2025		2024		2025		2024
Current year	21.6	%	18.3	%	21.6	%	19.8	%
Prior period reserve development	(22.8)	%	(26.9)	%	(21.6)	%	(25.6)	%
Loss ratio	(1.2)	%	(8.6)	%	—	%	(5.8)	%

Current Year Loss Ratio.

2025 Second Quarter versus 2024 Period. The mortgage segment’s current year loss ratio was 3.3 points higher in the 2025 second quarter than in the 2024 second quarter. The higher current year loss ratio for the 2025 second quarter reflected slightly higher new delinquencies and the impact of the Bellemeade Re tender offers noted above.

Six Months Ended June 30, 2025 versus 2024 Period. The mortgage segment’s current year loss ratio was 1.8 points higher for the six months ended June 30, 2025 than for the 2024 period. The higher current year loss ratio for the 2025 period reflected slightly higher new delinquencies and the impact of the Bellemeade Re tender offers noted above.

Prior Period Reserve Development.

The mortgage segment’s net favorable development was $64 million, or 22.8 points, for the 2025 second quarter, compared to $82 million, or 26.9 points, for the 2024 second quarter, and $125 million, or 21.6 points, for the six months ended June 30, 2025, compared to $156 million, or 25.6 points, for the 2024 period. See note 6, “Reserve for Losses and Loss Adjustment Expenses,” to our consolidated financial statements for information about the mortgage segment’s prior year reserve development.

Underwriting Expenses.

2025 Second Quarter versus 2024 Period. The underwriting expense ratio for the mortgage segment was 16.4% in the 2025 second quarter, compared to 16.0% in the 2024 second quarter.

Six Months Ended June 30, 2025 versus 2024 period. The underwriting expense ratio for the mortgage segment was 15.8% for the six months ended June 30, 2025, compared to 16.8% for the 2024 period.

Corporate

The Company’s corporate results include net investment income, net realized gains or losses (which includes realized and unrealized changes in the fair value of equity securities and assets accounted for using the fair value option, realized and unrealized gains or losses on derivative instruments, changes in the allowance for credit losses on financial assets and gains or losses realized from the acquisition or disposition of subsidiaries), equity in net income or loss of investments accounted for using the equity method, other income or loss, corporate expenses, transaction costs and other, amortization of intangible assets, interest expense, net foreign exchange gains or losses, income taxes, income from operating affiliates and items related to our non-cumulative preferred shares.

Net Investment Income.

The components of net investment income were derived from the following sources:


	Three Months Ended				Six Months Ended
	June 30,				June 30,
	2025		2024		2025		2024
Fixed maturities	$	360	$	306	$	702	$	586

Short-term investments	24		35		50		64
Equity securities	10		10		21		18

(1)Average credit ratings on our investment portfolio on securities with ratings assigned by S&P and Moody’s.

The following table provides the credit quality distribution of our fixed maturities. For individual fixed maturities, S&P ratings are used. In the absence of an S&P rating, ratings from Moody’s are used, followed by ratings from Fitch Ratings.


	Estimated Fair Value		% of Total
June 30, 2025
U.S. government and gov’t agencies (1)	$	8,355	26.7
AAA	4,745		15.1
AA	2,491		7.9
A	6,645		21.2
BBB	6,673		21.3
BB	1,110		3.5
B	657		2.1
Lower than B	30		0.1
Not rated	635		2.0
Total	$	31,341	100.0

December 31, 2024
U.S. government and gov’t agencies (1)	$	7,498	26.9
AAA	4,330		15.5
AA	2,285		8.2
A	5,138		18.4
BBB	6,467		23.2
BB	978		3.5
B	458		1.6
Lower than B	28		0.1
Not rated	707		2.5
Total	$	27,889	100.0

(1)Includes U.S. government-sponsored agency residential mortgage-backed securities and agency commercial mortgage-backed securities.


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The following table provides information on the severity of the unrealized loss position as a percentage of amortized cost for all fixed maturities which were in an unrealized loss position:


Severity of gross unrealized losses:	Estimated Fair Value		Gross Unrealized Losses		% of Total Gross Unrealized Losses
June 30, 2025
0-10%	$	8,282	$	(237)	60.2
10-20%	1,052		(150)		38.1
20-30%	18		(6)		1.5
Greater than 30%	1		(1)		0.3
Total	$	9,353	$	(394)	100.0

December 31, 2024
0-10%	$	16,044	$	(453)	65.5
10-20%	1,357		(216)		31.2
20-30%	70		(20)		2.9
Greater than 30%	6		(3)		0.4
Total	$	17,477	$	(692)	100.0

The following table summarizes our top ten exposures to fixed income corporate issuers by fair value at June 30, 2025, excluding guaranteed amounts and covered bonds:


	Estimated Fair Value		Credit Rating (1)
JPMorgan Chase & Co.	$	417	A/A1
Morgan Stanley	367		A/A1
Bank of America Corporation	357		A-/A1
The Goldman Sachs Group, Inc.	263		A-/A2
Wells Fargo & Company	261		BBB+/A1
Citigroup Inc.	214		A-/A2
Philip Morris International Inc.	206		A-/A2
The Toronto-Dominion Bank	181		A-/A2
Blue Owl Capital Inc.	176		BBB-/Baa3
Deutsche Telekom AG	149		BBB/Baa2
Total	$	2,591

(1)Average credit ratings as assigned by S&P and Moody’s, respectively.

The following table provides information on our structured securities, which includes residential mortgage-backed securities (“RMBS”), commercial mortgage-backed securities (“CMBS”) and asset-backed securities (“ABS”):


	Agencies		Investment Grade		Below Investment Grade		Total
June 30, 2025
RMBS	$	1,759	$	627	$	—	$	2,386
CMBS	6		764		68		838
ABS	—		2,593		177		2,770
Total	$	1,765	$	3,984	$	245	$	5,994

December 31, 2024
RMBS	$	769	$	310	$	—	$	1,079
CMBS	7		959		92		1,058
ABS	—		2,667		233		2,900
Total	$	776	$	3,936	$	325	$	5,037

The following table summarizes our equity securities, which include investments in exchange traded funds:


	June 30, 2025		December 31, 2024
Equities (1)	$	1,180	$	1,041
Exchange traded funds
Fixed income (2)	310		428
Equity and other (3)	230		213
Total	$	1,720	$	1,682

(1)Primarily in technology, communications, consumer non-cyclical, financial and industrial sectors at June 30, 2025.

(2)Primarily in structured and corporate exposures at June 30, 2025.

(3)Primarily in technology, financials, consumer cyclical, communications and healthcare sectors at June 30, 2025.

For details on our other investments and other investable assets, see note 8, “Investment Information—Other Investments” to our consolidated financial statements.

For details on our investments accounted for using the equity method, see note 8, “Investment Information—Investments Accounted For Using the Equity Method,” to our consolidated financial statements.

Our investment strategy allows for the use of derivative instruments. We utilize various derivative instruments such as futures contracts to enhance investment performance, replicate investment positions or manage market exposures and duration risk that would be allowed under our investment guidelines if implemented in other ways. See note 10, “Derivative Instruments,” to our consolidated financial statements for additional disclosures related to derivatives.


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Accounting guidance regarding fair value measurements addresses how companies should measure fair value when they are required to use a fair value measure for recognition or disclosure purposes under GAAP and provides a common definition of fair value to be used throughout GAAP. See note 9, “Fair Value,” to our consolidated financial statements for a summary of our financial assets and liabilities measured at fair value, segregated by level in the fair value hierarchy.

Reinsurance

The effects of reinsurance on written and earned premiums and losses and loss adjustment expenses (“LAE”) with unaffiliated reinsurers were as follows:


	Three Months Ended				Six Months Ended
	June 30,				June 30,
	2025		2024		2025		2024
Premiums written:
Direct	$	2,581	$	2,521	$	5,173	$	5,007
Assumed	3,615		2,861		7,486		6,308
Ceded	(1,848)		(1,601)		(3,796)		(3,449)
Net	$	4,348	$	3,781	$	8,863	$	7,866

Premiums earned:
Direct	$	2,560	$	2,417	$	5,020	$	4,758
Assumed	3,332		2,483		6,559		4,858
Ceded	(1,555)		(1,335)		(3,054)		(2,629)
Net	$	4,337	$	3,565	$	8,525	$	6,987

Losses and LAE:
Direct	$	1,464	$	1,200	$	2,741	$	2,599
Assumed	1,624		1,196		4,195		2,460
Ceded	(785)		(569)		(2,046)		(1,504)
Net	$	2,303	$	1,827	$	4,890	$	3,555

See note 7, “Allowance for Expected Credit Losses,” to our consolidated financial statements for information about our reinsurance recoverables and related allowance for credit losses.

Bellemeade Re

We have entered into aggregate excess of loss mortgage reinsurance agreements with various special purpose reinsurance companies domiciled in Bermuda (the “Bellemeade Agreements”). For the respective coverage periods, we will retain the first layer of the respective aggregate losses and the special purpose reinsurance companies will provide second layer coverage up to the outstanding coverage amount. We will then retain losses in excess of the outstanding coverage limit. The aggregate excess of loss reinsurance coverage generally decreases over a ten-year period as the underlying covered mortgages amortize, unless provisional call options embedded within certain of the Bellemeade Agreements are executed or if pre-defined delinquency triggering events occur.

The following table summarizes the respective coverages and retentions at June 30, 2025:


Bellemeade Entities (Issue Date)	Initial Coverage at Issuance		Current Coverage		Remaining Retention, Net

2021-3 Ltd. (1)	639		224		131
2022-1 Ltd. (2)	317		73		138
2022-2 Ltd. (3)	327		153		194
2023-1 Ltd. (4)	233		218		171
2024-1 Ltd. (5)	204		204		167
Total	$	1,720	$	872	$	801

(1) Issued in September 2021, covering in-force policies issued between April 1, 2021 and June 30, 2021. $508 million was directly funded by Bellemeade Re 2021-3 Ltd. via insurance-linked notes, with an additional $131 million capacity provided directly to Arch MI U.S. by a separate panel of reinsurers.

(2) Issued in January 2022, covering in-force policies issued between July 1, 2021 and November 30, 2021. $284 million was directly funded by Bellemeade Re 2022-1 Ltd. via insurance-linked notes, with an additional $33 million capacity provided directly to Arch MI U.S. by a separate panel of reinsurers.

(3) Issued in September 2022, covering in-force policies issued between November 1, 2021 and June 30, 2022. $201 million was directly funded by Bellemeade Re 2022-2 Ltd. via insurance-linked notes, with an additional $126 million capacity provided directly to Arch MI U.S. by a separate panel of reinsurers.

(4) Issued in October 2023, covering in-force policies issued between January 1, 2023 and September 30, 2023. $186 million was directly funded by Bellemeade Re 2023-1 Ltd. via insurance-linked notes, with an additional $47 million capacity provided directly to Arch MI U.S. by a separate panel of reinsurers.

(5) Issued in August 2024, covering in-force policies issued between September 1, 2023 and July 31, 2024. $163 million was directly funded by Bellemeade Re 2024-1 Ltd. via insurance-linked notes, with an additional $41 million capacity provided directly to Arch MI U.S. by a separate panel of reinsurers.

Reserve for Losses and Loss Adjustment Expenses

We establish reserve for losses and loss adjustment expenses (“Loss Reserves”) which represent estimates involving actuarial and statistical projections, at a given point in time, of our expectations of the ultimate settlement and administration costs of losses incurred. Estimating Loss Reserves is inherently difficult. We utilize actuarial models as well as available historical insurance industry loss ratio experience and loss development patterns to assist in the establishment of Loss Reserves. Actual losses and loss adjustment expenses paid will deviate, perhaps substantially, from the reserve estimates reflected in our financial statements.


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At June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, our Loss Reserves, net of unpaid losses and loss adjustment expenses recoverable, by type and by operating segment were as follows:


	June 30, 2025		December 31, 2024
Insurance segment:
Case reserves	$	3,641	$	3,730
IBNR reserves	8,870		8,238
Total net reserves	12,511		11,968
Reinsurance segment:
Case reserves	2,787		2,721
Additional case reserves	1,021		806
IBNR reserves	6,795		5,580
Total net reserves	10,603		9,107
Mortgage segment:
Case reserves	324		331
IBNR reserves	138		142
Total net reserves	462		473





Total:
Case reserves	6,752		6,782
Additional case reserves	1,021		806
IBNR reserves	15,803		13,960
Total net reserves	$	23,576	$	21,548

At June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the insurance segment’s Loss Reserves by major line of business, net of unpaid losses and loss adjustment expenses recoverable, were as follows:


	June 30, 2025		December 31, 2024
Insurance segment:
Multi-line and other specialty	$	4,399	$	4,105
Third party occurrence business	4,369		4,104
Third party claims-made business	2,810		2,630
Property, energy, marine and aviation	933		1,129
Total net reserves	$	12,511	$	11,968

At June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the reinsurance segment’s Loss Reserves by major line of business, net of unpaid losses and loss adjustment expenses recoverable, were as follows:


	June 30, 2025		December 31, 2024
Reinsurance segment:
Casualty	$	3,463	$	3,089
Specialty	3,416		2,791
Property excluding property catastrophe	2,033		1,778
Property catastrophe	985		845
Marine and aviation	552		461
Other	154		143
Total net reserves	$	10,603	$	9,107

At June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the mortgage segment’s Loss Reserves by major line of business, net of unpaid losses and loss adjustment expenses recoverable, were as follows:


	June 30, 2025		December 31, 2024
Mortgage segment:
U.S. primary mortgage insurance (1)	$	324	$	333
U.S. credit risk transfer (CRT) and other	77		85
International mortgage insurance/ reinsurance	61		55
Total net reserves	$	462	$	473

(1) At June 30, 2025, 30.3% of total net reserves represents policy years 2015 and prior and the remainder from later policy years. At December 31, 2024, 36.1% of total net reserves represent policy years 2015 and prior and the remainder from later policy years.

Mortgage Operations Supplemental Information

The mortgage segment’s insurance in force (“IIF”) and risk in force (“RIF”) were as follows at June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024:


	June 30, 2025			December 31, 2024
	Amount		%	Amount		%
Insurance In Force (IIF) (1):
U.S. primary mortgage insurance	$	286,410	57.7	$	290,435	58.0
U.S. credit risk transfer (CRT) and other	145,883		29.4	145,892		29.1
International mortgage insurance/reinsurance	64,374		13.0	64,822		12.9
Total	$	496,667	100.0	$	501,149	100.0

Risk In Force (RIF) (2):
U.S. primary mortgage insurance	$	74,948	85.1	$	76,034	85.3
U.S. credit risk transfer (CRT) and other	5,892		6.7	5,876		6.6
International mortgage insurance/reinsurance	7,221		8.2	7,215		8.1
Total	$	88,061	100.0	$	89,125	100.0

(1)Represents the aggregate dollar amount of each insured mortgage loan’s current principal balance. Such amounts are shown before external reinsurance.

(2)The aggregate dollar amount of each insured mortgage loan’s current principal balance multiplied by the insurance coverage percentage specified in the policy for insurance policies issued and after contract limits and/or loss ratio caps for risk-sharing or reinsurance. Such amounts are shown before external reinsurance.


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The IIF and RIF for our U.S. primary mortgage insurance business by policy year were as follows at June 30, 2025:


	IIF			RIF			Delinquency
	Amount		%	Amount		%	Rate (1)
Policy year:
2015 and prior	$	17,041	5.9	$	4,340	5.8	5.32	%
2016	3,809		1.3	959		1.3	3.38	%
2017	4,862		1.7	1,298		1.7	3.29	%
2018	6,407		2.2	1,668		2.2	3.91	%
2019	11,687		4.1	3,066		4.1	2.71	%
2020	35,321		12.3	9,636		12.9	1.48	%
2021	55,848		19.5	15,137		20.2	1.50	%
2022	53,320		18.6	14,173		18.9	1.55	%
2023	34,418		12.0	8,867		11.8	1.27	%
2024	42,851		15.0	10,700		14.3	0.59	%
2025	20,846		7.3	5,104		6.8	0.05	%
Total	$	286,410	100.0	$	74,948	100.0	1.93	%

(1)Represents the ending percentage of loans in default.

The IIF and RIF for our U.S. primary mortgage insurance business by policy year were as follows at December 31, 2024:


	IIF			RIF			Delinquency
	Amount		%	Amount		%	Rate (1)
Policy year:
2015 and prior	$	18,329	6.3	$	4,670	6.1	5.85	%
2016	5,240		1.8	1,371		1.8	3.23	%
2017	5,554		1.9	1,489		2.0	3.52	%
2018	7,081		2.4	1,843		2.4	4.31	%
2019	12,919		4.4	3,386		4.5	2.85	%
2020	39,426		13.6	10,718		14.1	1.52	%
2021	62,382		21.5	16,620		21.9	1.52	%
2022	57,175		19.7	15,113		19.9	1.51	%
2023	36,827		12.7	9,479		12.5	1.12	%
2024	45,502		15.7	11,345		14.9	0.30	%

Total	$	290,435	100.0	$	76,034	100.0	2.09	%

(1)Represents the ending percentage of loans in default.

The following tables provide supplemental disclosures on risk in force for our U.S. primary mortgage insurance business at June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024:


	June 30, 2025				December 31, 2024
	Amount			%	Amount			%
Credit quality (FICO):
>=740	$	47,261		63.1	$	47,360		62.3
680-739	23,880			31.9	24,688			32.5
620-679	3,479			4.6	3,638			4.8
<620	328			0.4	348			0.5
Total	$	74,948		100.0	$	76,034		100.0
Weighted average FICO score	749				748

Loan-to-value (LTV):
95.01% and above	$	7,361		9.8	$	7,420		9.8
90.01% to 95.00%	44,711			59.7	45,311			59.6
85.01% to 90.00%	20,293			27.1	20,637			27.1
85.00% and below	2,583			3.4	2,666			3.5
Total	$	74,948		100.0	$	76,034		100.0
Weighted average LTV	93.2		%		93.2		%

Total RIF, net of external reinsurance	$	60,436			$	60,085


	June 30, 2025			December 31, 2024
	Amount		%	Amount		%
Total RIF by State:
California	$	5,894	7.9	$	5,989	7.9
Texas	5,432		7.2	5,613		7.4
North Carolina	3,347		4.5	3,355		4.4
Minnesota	3,147		4.2	3,108		4.1
Georgia	3,063		4.1	3,143		4.1
Illinois	3,033		4.0	3,056		4.0
Massachusetts	2,841		3.8	2,885		3.8
Michigan	2,816		3.8	2,855		3.8
Florida	2,714		3.6	2,824		3.7
Ohio	2,702		3.6	2,716		3.6
Other	39,959		53.3	40,490		53.3
Total	$	74,948	100.0	$	76,034	100.0


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The following table provides supplemental disclosures for our U.S. primary mortgage insurance business related to insured loans and loss metrics:


(U.S. Dollars in thousands, except policy, loan and claim count)	Six Months Ended
	June 30,
	2025			2024
Roll-forward of insured loans in default:
Beginning delinquent number of loans	22,982			19,457
New notices	22,385			20,434
Cures	(24,005)			(21,423)
Paid claims	(600)			(571)
Acquired delinquent loans (1)	—			2,525
Ending delinquent number of loans (2)	20,762			20,422

Ending number of policies in force (2)	1,073,477			1,123,698

Delinquency rate (2)	1.93		%	1.82		%

Losses:
Number of claims paid	600			571
Total paid claims	$	24,653		$	18,342
Average per claim	$	41.1		$	32.1
Severity (3)	76.0		%	67.8		%
Average case reserve per default (2)	$	16.8		$	17.1

(1)Represents delinquent loans related to the acquisition of RMIC Companies, Inc.

(2)Includes first lien primary and pool policies.

(3)Represents total paid claims divided by RIF of loans for which claims were paid.

The risk to capital ratio, which represents total current (non-delinquent) risk in force, net of reinsurance, divided by total statutory capital, for Arch MI U.S. was approximately 8.3 to 1 at June 30, 2025, compared to 7.8 to 1 at December 31, 2024.

Shareholders’ Equity and Book Value per Share

The following table presents the calculation of book value per share:


	June 30, 2025		December 31, 2024
Total shareholders’ equity available to Arch	$	23,041	$	20,820
Less preferred shareholders’ equity	830		830
Common shareholders’ equity available to Arch	$	22,211	$	19,990
Common shares and common share equivalents outstanding, net of treasury shares (1)	375.4		376.4
Book value per share	$	59.17	$	53.11

(1)Excludes the effects of 10.7 million and 12.4 million stock options and 0.3 million and 0.3 million restricted and performance share units outstanding at June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively.

LIQUIDITY

Liquidity is a measure of our ability to access sufficient cash flows to meet the short-term and long-term cash requirements of our business operations.

Arch Capital is a holding company whose assets primarily consist of the shares in its subsidiaries. Generally, Arch Capital depends on its available cash resources, liquid investments and dividends or other distributions from its subsidiaries to make payments, including the payment of debt service obligations and operating expenses it may incur and any dividends or liquidation amounts with respect to our preferred and common shares.

For the six months ended June 30, 2025, Arch Capital received dividends of $435 million from Arch Reinsurance Ltd. (“Arch Re Bermuda”), our Bermuda based reinsurer and insurer, which can pay approximately $4.7 billion to Arch Capital during the remainder of 2025 without providing an affidavit to the Bermuda Monetary Authority.

We expect that our liquidity needs, including our anticipated (re)insurance obligations and operating and capital expenditure needs, for the next 12 months and for the foreseeable future thereafter, will be met by funds generated from underwriting activities and investment income, as well as by our balance of cash, short-term investments, proceeds on the sale or maturity of our investments, and our credit facilities.

Cash Flows

The following table summarizes our cash flows from operating, investing and financing activities:


	Six Months Ended
	June 30,
	2025		2024
Total cash provided by (used for):
Operating activities	$	2,582	$	3,082
Investing activities	(2,236)		(2,918)
Financing activities	(369)		(28)
Effects of exchange rate changes on foreign currency cash and restricted cash	71		(7)
Increase (decrease) in cash and restricted cash	$	48	$	129

Cash provided by operating activities for the six months ended June 30, 2025 was lower than in the 2024 period. Activity for the six months ended June 30, 2025 primarily reflected a higher level of losses paid than in the 2024 period.

Cash used for investing activities for the six months ended June 30, 2025 was lower than in the 2024 period. Activity for the six months ended June 30, 2025 reflected lower net purchases of investments than in the 2024 period, due in part to a higher level of repurchases under our share repurchase program and a higher level of losses paid than in the 2024 period.


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Cash used for financing activities for the six months ended June 30, 2025 was higher than in the 2024 period, primarily due to the higher level of repurchases under our share repurchase program. We repurchased $359 million of our common shares in the 2025 period, compared to nil in the 2024 period.

CAPITAL RESOURCES

The following table provides an analysis of our capital structure:


	June 30, 2025		December 31, 2024







Senior notes	$	2,728	$	2,728

Shareholders’ equity available to Arch:

Series F non-cumulative preferred shares	$	330	$	330
Series G non-cumulative preferred shares	500		500
Common shareholders’ equity	22,211		19,990
Total	$	23,041	$	20,820

Total capital available to Arch	$	25,769	$	23,548



Debt to total capital (%)	10.6		11.6
Preferred to total capital (%)	3.2		3.5
Debt and preferred to total capital (%)	13.8		15.1

Arch MI U.S. is required to maintain compliance with the GSEs requirements, known as the Private Mortgage Insurer Eligibility Requirements or “PMIERs.” The financial requirements require an eligible mortgage insurer’s available assets, which generally include only the most liquid assets of an insurer, to meet or exceed “minimum required assets” as of each quarter end. Minimum required assets are calculated from PMIERs tables with several risk dimensions (including origination year, original loan-to-value and original credit score of performing loans, and the delinquency status of non-performing loans) and are subject to a minimum amount. Arch MI U.S. satisfied the PMIERs’ financial requirements with an estimated PMIER sufficiency ratio of 168% at June 30, 2025, compared to 186% at December 31, 2024. On August 21, 2024, Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac each updated their PMIERs to incorporate new deductions to available assets for investment risk. This update became effective on March 31, 2025, but the impact will be phased in through September 30, 2026. If the GSEs had fully implemented this update to PMIERs as of June 30, 2025, the changes would have reduced the available assets by 17% and resulted in a pro-forma PMIERs sufficiency ratio of 147%.

Arch Capital, through its subsidiaries, provides financial support to certain of its insurance subsidiaries and affiliates, through certain reinsurance arrangements beneficial to the ratings of such subsidiaries. Historically, our insurance, reinsurance and mortgage insurance subsidiaries have entered into separate reinsurance arrangements with Arch Re Bermuda covering individual lines of business.

GUARANTOR INFORMATION

The below table provides a description of our senior notes payable at June 30, 2025:


	Interest		Principal		Carrying
Issuer/Due	(Fixed)		Amount		Amount
Arch Capital:
May 1, 2034	7.350	%	$	300	$	298
June 30, 2050	3.635	%	1,000		990
Arch-U.S.:
Nov. 1, 2043 (1)	5.144	%	500		495
Arch Finance:
Dec. 15, 2026 (1)	4.011	%	500		499
Dec. 15, 2046 (1)	5.031	%	450		446
Total			$	2,750	$	2,728

(1)Fully and unconditionally guaranteed by Arch Capital.

Our senior notes were issued by Arch Capital, Arch Capital Group (U.S.) Inc. (“Arch-U.S.”) and Arch Capital Finance LLC (“Arch Finance”). Arch-U.S. is a wholly-owned subsidiary of Arch Capital and Arch Finance is a wholly-owned finance subsidiary of Arch-U.S. Our 2034 senior notes and 2050 senior notes issued by Arch Capital are unsecured and unsubordinated obligations of Arch Capital and ranked equally with all of its existing and future unsecured and unsubordinated indebtedness. The 2043 senior notes issued by Arch-U.S. are unsecured and unsubordinated obligations of Arch-U.S. and Arch Capital and rank equally and ratably with the other unsecured and unsubordinated indebtedness of Arch-U.S. and Arch Capital. The 2026 senior notes and 2046 senior notes issued by Arch Finance are unsecured and unsubordinated obligations of Arch Finance and Arch Capital and rank equally and ratably with the other unsecured and unsubordinated indebtedness of Arch Finance and Arch Capital.


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Arch-U.S. and Arch Finance depend on their available cash resources, liquid investments and dividends or other distributions from their subsidiaries or affiliates to make payments, including the payment of debt service obligations and operating expenses they may incur.

The following tables present condensed financial information for Arch Capital (parent guarantor) and Arch-U.S. (subsidiary issuer):


	June 30, 2025				December 31, 2024
	Arch Capital		Arch-U.S.		Arch Capital		Arch-U.S.
Assets
Total investments	$	34	$	767	$	43	$	549
Cash	11		5		13		5

Investment in operating affiliates	3		—		3		—
Due from subsidiaries and affiliates	8		9		6		10






Other assets	120		239		66		101
Total assets	$	176	$	1,020	$	131	$	665

Liabilities






Senior notes	1,288		495		1,287		495

Due to subsidiaries and affiliates	6		1,008		11		994
Other liabilities	37		195		48		50
Total liabilities	$	1,331	$	1,698	$	1,346	$	1,539

Non-cumulative preferred shares	$	830	—		$	830	—



	Arch-U.S.
Revenues

2			$	13
		(1)


		12

Expenses
		4
		13
		29
		46

		(34)
		5




		(29)
		—
(76)			$	(29)

CATASTROPHIC AND SEVERE ECONOMIC EVENTS

We have large aggregate exposures to natural and man-made catastrophic events, pandemic events and severe economic events. Natural catastrophes can be caused by various events, including hurricanes, floods, windstorms, earthquakes, hailstorms, tornadoes, explosions, severe winter weather, fires, droughts and other natural disasters. Man-made catastrophic events may include acts of war, acts of terrorism and political instability. Catastrophes can also cause losses in non-property business such as mortgage insurance, workers’ compensation or general liability. In addition to the nature of property business, we believe that economic and geographic trends affecting insured property, including inflation, property value appreciation and geographic concentration, tend to generally increase the size of losses from catastrophic events over time.

Our models employ both proprietary and vendor-based systems and include cross-line correlations for property, marine, offshore energy, aviation, workers compensation and personal accident. We seek to limit the probable maximum pre-tax loss to a specific level for severe catastrophic events. Currently, we seek to limit our 1-in-250 year return period net probable maximum loss from a severe catastrophic event in any geographic zone to approximately 25% of tangible shareholders’ equity available to Arch (total shareholders’ equity available to Arch less goodwill and intangible assets). We reserve the right to change this threshold at any time.

Based on in-force exposure estimated as of July 1, 2025, our modeled peak zone catastrophe exposure was a windstorm affecting the Florida Tri-County regions, with a net probable maximum pre-tax loss of $1.9 billion, or 8.6% of tangible shareholders’ equity available to Arch, followed by windstorms affecting the Northeastern U.S. and the Gulf of Mexico regions with net probable maximum pre-tax losses of $1.8 billion and $1.5 billion, respectively. Our exposures to other perils, such as U.S. earthquake and international events, were less than the exposures arising from U.S. windstorms and hurricanes. As of July 1, 2025, our modeled peak zone earthquake exposure (San Francisco earthquake) represented approximately 60% of our peak zone catastrophe exposure, and our modeled peak zone international exposure (Germany windstorm) was substantially less than both our peak zone windstorm and earthquake exposures.

We also have significant exposure to losses due to mortgage defaults resulting from severe economic events in the future. For our U.S. mortgage insurance business, we have developed a proprietary risk model (“Realistic Disaster Scenario” or “RDS”) that simulates the maximum loss resulting from a severe economic downturn impacting the housing market. The RDS models the collective impact of


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adverse conditions for key economic indicators, the most significant of which is a decline in home prices. The RDS model projects paths of future home prices, unemployment rates, income levels and interest rates and assumes correlation across states and geographic regions. The resulting future performance of our in-force portfolio is then estimated under the economic stress scenario, reflecting loan and borrower information.

Currently, we seek to limit our modeled RDS loss from a severe economic event to approximately 25% of tangible shareholders’ equity available to Arch. We reserve the right to change this threshold at any time. Based on in-force exposure estimated as of July 1, 2025, our modeled RDS loss was approximately $1.2 billion, or 5.5% of tangible shareholders’ equity available to Arch.

Net probable maximum loss estimates are net of expected reinsurance recoveries, before income tax and before excess reinsurance reinstatement premiums. RDS loss estimates are net of expected reinsurance recoveries and before income tax. Catastrophe loss estimates are reflective of the zone indicated and not the entire portfolio. Since hurricanes and windstorms can affect more than one zone and make multiple landfalls, our catastrophe loss estimates include clash estimates from other zones. Our catastrophe loss estimates and RDS loss estimates do not represent our maximum exposures and it is highly likely that our actual incurred losses would vary materially from the modeled estimates. There can be no assurances that we will not suffer pre-tax losses greater than 25% of our tangible shareholders’ equity from one or more catastrophic events or severe economic events due to several factors. These factors include the inherent uncertainties in estimating the frequency and severity of such events and the margin of error in making such determinations resulting from potential inaccuracies and inadequacies in the data provided by clients and brokers, the modeling techniques and the application of such techniques or as a result of a decision to change the percentage of shareholders' equity exposed to a single catastrophic event or severe economic event. In addition, actual losses may increase if our reinsurers fail to meet their obligations to us or the reinsurance protections purchased by us are exhausted or are otherwise unavailable. See “Risk Factors—Risks Relating to Our Industry” and “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations—Catastrophic Events and Severe Economic Events” in our 2024 Form 10-K.

MARKET SENSITIVE INSTRUMENTS AND RISK MANAGEMENT

In accordance with the SEC’s Financial Reporting Release No. 48, we performed a sensitivity analysis to determine the effects that market risk exposures could have on the future earnings, fair values or cash flows of our financial instruments as of June 30, 2025. Market risk represents the risk of changes in the fair value of a financial instrument and is comprised of several components, including liquidity, basis and price risks.

An analysis of material changes in market risk exposures at June 30, 2025 that affect the quantitative and qualitative disclosures presented in our 2024 Form 10-K (see section captioned “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations—Market Sensitive Instruments and Risk Management”) were as follows:

Investment Market Risk

Fixed Income Securities. We invest in interest rate sensitive securities, which are primarily debt securities. We consider the effect of interest rate movements on the fair value of our fixed maturities, short-term investments and certain of our other investments, equity securities and investments accounted for using the equity method which invest in fixed income securities (collectively, “Fixed Income Securities”) and the corresponding change in unrealized appreciation. As interest rates rise, the fair value of our Fixed Income Securities falls, and the converse is also true. Based on historical observations, there is a low probability that all interest rate yield curves would shift in the same direction at the same time. Furthermore, at times interest rate movements in certain credit sectors exhibit a much lower correlation to changes in U.S. Treasury yields. Accordingly, the actual effect of interest rate movements may differ materially from the amounts set forth in the following tables.


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The following table summarizes the effect that an immediate, parallel shift in the interest rate yield curve would have had on our Fixed Income Securities:


(U.S. dollars in billions)	Interest Rate Shift in Basis Points
	-100			-50			—		+50			+100
June 30, 2025
Total fair value	$	43.6		$	43.0		$	42.3	$	41.7		$	41.1
Change from base	2.9		%	1.5		%			(1.5)		%	(2.9)		%
Change in unrealized value	$	1.2		$	0.6				$	(0.6)		$	(1.2)

December 31, 2024
Total fair value	$	40.0		$	39.5		$	38.9	$	38.4		$	37.9
Change from base	2.8		%	1.4		%			(1.4)		%	(2.7)		%
Change in unrealized value	$	1.1		$	0.5				$	(0.5)		$	(1.1)

In addition, we consider the effect of credit spread movements on the market value of our Fixed Income Securities and the corresponding change in unrealized value. As credit spreads widen, the fair value of our Fixed Income Securities falls, and the converse is also true. In periods where the spreads on our Fixed Income Securities are much higher than their historical average due to short-term market dislocations, a parallel shift in credit spread levels would result in a much more pronounced change in unrealized value.

The following table summarizes the effect that an immediate, parallel shift in credit spreads in a static interest rate environment would have had on our Fixed Income Securities:


(U.S. dollars in billions)	Credit Spread Shift in Percentage Points
	-100			-50			—		+50			+100
June 30, 2025
Total fair value	$	43.6		$	43.0		$	42.3	$	41.7		$	41.1
Change from base	3.0		%	1.5		%			(1.5)		%	(3.0)		%
Change in unrealized value	$	1.3		$	0.6				$	(0.6)		$	(1.3)

December 31, 2024
Total fair value	$	40.0		$	39.5		$	38.9	$	38.4		$	37.8
Change from base	2.8		%	1.4		%			(1.4)		%	(2.8)		%
Change in unrealized value	$	1.1		$	0.5				$	(0.5)		$	(1.1)

Another method that attempts to measure portfolio risk is Value-at-Risk (“VaR”). VaR measures the worst expected loss under normal market conditions over a specific time interval at a given confidence level. The 1-year 95th percentile parametric VaR reported herein estimates that 95% of the time, the portfolio loss in a one-year horizon would be less than or equal to the calculated number, stated as a percentage of the measured portfolio’s initial value. The VaR is a variance-covariance based estimate, based on linear sensitivities of a portfolio to a broad set of systematic market risk factors and idiosyncratic risk factors mapped to the portfolio exposures. The relationships between the risk

factors are estimated using historical data, and the most recent data points are generally given more weight. As of June 30, 2025, our portfolio’s 95th percentile VaR was estimated to be 6.5%, compared to an estimated 5.6% at December 31, 2024. In periods where the volatility of the risk factors mapped to our portfolio’s exposures is higher due to market conditions, the resulting VaR is higher than in other periods.

Equity Securities. At June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the fair value of our investments in equity securities and certain investments accounted for using the equity method with underlying equity strategies totaled $1.6 billion and $1.5 billion, respectively. These investments are exposed to price risk, which is the potential loss arising from decreases in fair value. An immediate hypothetical 10% decline in the value of each position would reduce the fair value of such investments by approximately $163 million and $149 million at June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively, and would have decreased book value per share by approximately $0.43 and $0.40, respectively. An immediate hypothetical 10% increase in the value of each position would increase the fair value of such investments by approximately $163 million and $149 million at June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively, and would have increased book value per share by approximately $0.43 and $0.40, respectively.

Investment-Related Derivatives. At June 30, 2025, the notional value of all derivative instruments (excluding foreign currency forward contracts which are included in the foreign currency exchange risk analysis below) was $10.2 billion, compared to $5.0 billion at December 31, 2024. If the underlying exposure of each investment-related derivative held at June 30, 2025 depreciated by 100 basis points, it would have resulted in a reduction in net income of approximately $102 million, and a decrease in book value per share of approximately $0.27 per share, compared to $50 million and $0.13 per share, respectively, on investment-related derivatives held at December 31, 2024. If the underlying exposure of each investment-related derivative held at June 30, 2025 appreciated by 100 basis points, it would have resulted in an increase in net income of approximately $102 million, and an increase in book value per share of approximately $0.27 per share, compared to $50 million and $0.13 per share, respectively, on investment-related derivatives held at December 31, 2024. See note 10, “Derivative Instruments,” to our consolidated financial statements for additional disclosures concerning derivatives.

For further discussion on investment activity, please refer to “Financial Condition—Investable Assets.”


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Foreign Currency Exchange Risk

Foreign currency rate risk is the potential change in value, income and cash flow arising from adverse changes in foreign currency exchange rates. Through our subsidiaries and branches located in various foreign countries, we conduct our insurance and reinsurance operations in a variety of local currencies other than the U.S. Dollar. We generally hold investments in foreign currencies which are intended to mitigate our exposure to foreign currency fluctuations in our net insurance liabilities. We may also utilize foreign currency forward contracts and currency options as part of our investment strategy. See note 10, “Derivative Instruments,” to our consolidated financial statements for additional information.

The following table provides a summary of our net foreign currency exchange exposures, as well as foreign currency derivatives in place to manage these exposures:


	June 30, 2025		December 31, 2024
Net assets (liabilities), denominated in foreign currencies, excluding shareholders’ equity and derivatives	$	(464)	$	(815)
Shareholders’ equity denominated in foreign currencies (1)	1,200		1,120
Net foreign currency forward contracts outstanding (2)	279		453
Net exposures denominated in foreign currencies	$	1,015	$	758

Pre-tax impact of a hypothetical 10% appreciation of the U.S. Dollar against foreign currencies:
Shareholders’ equity	$	(102)	$	(76)
Book value per share	$	(0.27)	$	(0.20)

Pre-tax impact of a hypothetical 10% decline of the U.S. Dollar against foreign currencies:
Shareholders’ equity	$	102	$	76
Book value per share	$	0.27	$	0.20

(1) Represents capital contributions held in the foreign currencies of our operating units.

(2) Represents the net notional value of outstanding foreign currency forward contracts.

Although we generally attempt to match the currency of our projected liabilities with investments in the same currencies, from time to time we may elect to over or underweight one or more currencies, which could increase our exposure to foreign currency fluctuations and increase the volatility of our shareholders’ equity. Historical observations indicate a low probability that all foreign currency exchange rates would shift against the U.S. Dollar in the same direction and at the same time and, accordingly, the actual effect of foreign currency rate movements may differ materially from the amounts set forth above. For further discussion on foreign exchange activity, please refer to “Results of Operations.”

Effects of Inflation

General economic inflation has increased in recent quarters and may continue to remain at elevated levels for an extended period of time. The potential also exists, after a catastrophe loss or pandemic events, for the development of inflationary pressures in a local economy. This risk may be heightened from time to time by geopolitical tensions, global supply chain disruptions, tariffs, and other contributing factors. This may have a material effect on the adequacy of our reserves for losses and loss adjustment expenses, especially in longer-tailed lines of business, and on the market value of our investment portfolio through rising interest rates. The anticipated effects of inflation are considered in our pricing models, reserving processes and exposure management, across all lines of business and types of loss including natural catastrophe events. The actual effects of inflation on our results cannot be accurately known until claims are ultimately settled and will vary by the specific type of inflation affecting each line of business.


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ITEM 3. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK

Reference is made to the information appearing above under the subheading “Market Sensitive Instruments and Risk Management” under the caption “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations,” which information is hereby incorporated by reference.

ITEM 4. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

In connection with the filing of this Form 10-Q, our management, with the participation of our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, conducted an evaluation of the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report, for the purposes set forth in the applicable rules under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”). Based on that evaluation and subject to the below, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of the end of the period covered by this report. Disclosure controls and procedures are the controls and other procedures designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in the reports filed or submitted under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms, and that such information is accumulated and communicated to management, including the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.

On August 1, 2024, we completed the MCE Acquisition, and we are currently integrating the MCE Acquisition into our internal control system. Consistent with guidance issued by the SEC, we are excluding the internal control over financial reporting of MCE Acquisition from our evaluation of the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures described above as of June 30, 2025. The MCE Acquisition represents 1.4% of total assets, and 7.8% of total revenues as of June 30, 2025.

Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

Other than the item noted above, there have been no changes in internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the quarter ended June 30, 2025 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

PART II. OTHER INFORMATION

ITEM 1. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS

We, in common with the insurance industry in general, are subject to litigation and arbitration in the normal course of our business. As of June 30, 2025, we were not a party to any litigation or arbitration which is expected by management to have a material adverse effect on our results of operations and financial condition and liquidity.

ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS

There were no material changes from the risk factors previously disclosed in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024.


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ITEM 2. UNREGISTERED SALES OF EQUITY SECURITIES AND USE OF PROCEEDS

Issuer’s Repurchases of Equity Securities

The following table summarizes our purchases of common shares for the 2025 second quarter:


Period	Total Number of Shares Purchased (1)	Average Price Paid per Share		Total Number of Shares Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Plans or Programs	Approximate Dollar Value of Shares that May Yet be Purchased Under the Plan or Programs ($000’s) (2)
4/1/2025-4/30/2025	1,152,118	$	86.80	1,152,038	$	700,394
5/1/2025-5/31/2025	84,298	$	89.91	84,298	$	692,816
6/1/2025-6/30/2025	619,815	$	89.84	619,815	$	637,143
Total	1,856,231	$	87.96	1,856,151

(1)This column represents (in whole shares) open market share repurchases, including an aggregate of 80 shares, nil shares and nil shares repurchased by Arch Capital during April, May and June, respectively, other than through publicly announced plans or programs. We repurchased these shares from employees in order to facilitate the payment of withholding taxes on restricted and performance shares granted and the exercise of stock appreciation rights, in each case at their fair value as determined by reference to the closing price of our common shares on the day the restricted shares vested or the stock appreciation rights were exercised.

(2)This column represents the remaining approximate dollar amount available at the end of each applicable period under Arch Capital’s $1.0 billion share repurchase authorization, authorized by the Company’s Board of Directors on December 20, 2024, and having no expiration date. Repurchases may be effected from time to time in open market or privately negotiated transactions.

ITEM 3. DEFAULTS UPON SENIOR SECURITIES

None.

ITEM 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES

Not applicable.

ITEM 5. OTHER INFORMATION

During the three months ended June 30, 2025, none of the Company’s directors or officers (as defined in Rule 16a-1(f) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934) or a Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement or non-Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement (as such terms are defined in Item 408 of Regulation S-K of the Securities Act of 1933).


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ITEM 6. EXHIBITS

Incorporated by Reference

Exhibit Number

Exhibit Description

Form

Original Number

Date Filed

Filed Herewith

31.1

Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

31.2

Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

32.1

Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

32.2

Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

10.1

Form of Restricted Share Agreement between ACGL and each of the Non-Employee Directors of ACGL†

10.2

ACGL Amended and Restated 2018 Long Term Incentive and Share Award Plan†

10.3

ACGL Amended and Restated 2022 Long Term Incentive and Share Award Plan†

10.4

Second Amended and Restated ACGL 2007 Employee Share Purchase Plan†

101.INS

XBRL Instance Document

101.SCH

XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document

101.CAL

XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document

101.DEF

XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document

101.LAB

XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document

101.PRE

XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document

104

Cover Page Interactive Data File (embedded within the Inline XBRL document)

†

Management contract or compensatory plan or arrangement


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SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.


						ARCH CAPITAL GROUP LTD.
						(REGISTRANT)

						/s/ Nicolas Papadopoulo
Date: August 5, 2025						Nicolas Papadopoulo
						Chief Executive Officer (Principal Executive Officer)

						/s/ François Morin
Date: August 5, 2025						François Morin
						Executive Vice President, Chief Financial Officer (Principal Financial and Accounting Officer) and Treasurer


ARCH CAPITAL			67			2025 SECOND QUARTER FORM 10-Q

ARCH CAPITAL GROUP LTD. - Quarter Report: 2025 June (Form 10-Q)

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