ARROWHEAD PHARMACEUTICALS, INC. - Quarter Report: 2019 March (Form 10-Q)

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, DC 20549

FORM 10-Q

(Mark One)

For the quarterly period ended March 31, 2019

Commission file number 001-38042

ARROWHEAD PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

225 S. Lake Avenue, Suite 1050

Pasadena, California 91101

(626) 304-3400

(Address and telephone number of principal executive offices)

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.    Yes  ☒    No  ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§ 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files).    Yes  ☒    No  ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer”, “smaller reporting company” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐ 

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).    Yes  ☐    No  ☒

The number of shares of the registrant’s common stock outstanding as of May 6, 2019 was 94,814,086.

PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Arrowhead Pharmaceuticals, Inc.

Consolidated Balance Sheets

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited consolidated financial statements.

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Arrowhead Pharmaceuticals, Inc.

Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income (Loss)

(unaudited)

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited consolidated financial statements.

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Arrowhead Pharmaceuticals, Inc.

Consolidated Statement of Stockholders’ Equity

(unaudited)

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The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited consolidated financial statements.

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Arrowhead Pharmaceuticals, Inc.

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows

(unaudited)

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

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Arrowhead Pharmaceuticals, Inc.

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

(unaudited)

Unless otherwise noted, (1) the term “Arrowhead” refers to Arrowhead Pharmaceuticals, Inc., a Delaware corporation and its Subsidiaries, (2) the terms “Company,” “we,” “us,” and “our,” refer to the ongoing business operations of Arrowhead and its Subsidiaries, whether conducted through Arrowhead or a subsidiary of Arrowhead, (3) the term “Subsidiaries” refers collectively to Arrowhead Madison Inc. (“Arrowhead Madison”), Arrowhead Australia Pty Ltd (“Arrowhead Australia”) and Ablaris Therapeutics, Inc. (“Ablaris”), (4) the term “Common Stock” refers to Arrowhead’s Common Stock, (5) the term “Preferred Stock” refers to Arrowhead’s Preferred Stock  and (6) the term “Stockholder(s)” refers to the holders of Arrowhead Common Stock.

NOTE 1. ORGANIZATION AND SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

Nature of Business and Recent Developments

Arrowhead Pharmaceuticals, Inc. develops medicines that treat intractable diseases by silencing the genes that cause them.  Using a broad portfolio of RNA chemistries and efficient modes of delivery, Arrowhead therapies trigger the RNA interference mechanism to induce rapid, deep and durable knockdown of target genes. RNA interference, or RNAi, is a mechanism present in living cells that inhibits the expression of a specific gene, thereby affecting the production of a specific protein. Arrowhead’s RNAi-based therapeutics leverage this natural pathway of gene silencing. The Company's pipeline includes ARO-AAT for liver disease associated with alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency (AATD), ARO-APOC3 for hypertriglyceridemia, ARO-ANG3 for dyslipidemia, ARO-ENaC for cystic fibrosis, and ARO-HIF2 for renal cell carcinoma. AMG-890 (ARO-LPA) for cardiovascular disease was out-licensed to Amgen Inc. in 2016. ARO-AMG1 for an undisclosed genetically validated cardiovascular target is under a license and collaboration agreement with Amgen Inc.  JNJ-3989 (ARO-HBV) for chronic hepatitis B virus was out-licensed to Janssen Pharmaceuticals, Inc. in October 2018.

Arrowhead operates a lab facility in Madison, Wisconsin, where the Company’s research and development activities, including the development of RNAi therapeutics, are based. The Company’s principal executive offices are located in Pasadena, California.

During fiscal 2019, the Company has continued to develop its pipeline and partnered candidates.  In April 2019, the Company presented clinical data for JNJ-3989 (ARO-HBV) and ARO-AAT at the International Liver Congress, and in April 2019, the Company received FDA clearance to commence a Phase 2/3 study of ARO-AAT that has the potential to serve as a pivotal registrational study. In December 2018 and January 2019, Clinical Trial Applications (CTAs) were filed for ARO-ANG3 and ARO-APOC3, respectively, and dosing has commenced for both trials.  The Company also continues to work on optimizing its other extra-hepatic preclinical pipeline candidates including ARO-ENaC and ARO-HIF2.  The Company delivered the Arrowhead Deliverable, as defined in its collaboration agreement, to Amgen for ARO-AMG1 in August 2018, and Amgen is currently progressing its phase 1 clinical study of AMG-890 (ARO-LPA).  

The Company also made significant progress on the business development and partnership front.  In October 2018, the Company entered into a License Agreement (“Janssen License Agreement”) and a Research Collaboration and Option Agreement (“Janssen Collaboration Agreement”) with Janssen Pharmaceuticals, Inc.  (“Janssen”) part of the Janssen Pharmaceutical Companies of Johnson & Johnson.  The Company also entered into a Stock Purchase Agreement (“JJDC Stock Purchase Agreement”) with Johnson & Johnson Innovation-JJDC, Inc.  (“JJDC”), a New Jersey corporation.  Under the Janssen License Agreement, Janssen has received a worldwide, exclusive license to the Company’s JNJ-3989 (ARO-HBV) program, the Company’s third-generation subcutaneously administered RNAi therapeutic candidate being developed as a potentially curative therapy for patients with chronic hepatitis B virus infection. Beyond the Company’s ongoing Phase 1 / 2 study of JNJ-3989 (ARO-HBV), Janssen will be wholly responsible for clinical development and commercialization.  Under the Janssen Collaboration Agreement, Janssen will be able to select three new targets against which Arrowhead will develop clinical candidates.  These candidates are subject to certain restrictions and will not include candidates in the Company’s current pipeline.  The Company will perform discovery, optimization and preclinical development, entirely funded by Janssen, sufficient to allow the filing of a U.S. Investigational New Drug application or equivalent, at which time Janssen will have the option to take an exclusive license. If the option is exercised, Janssen will be wholly responsible for clinical development and commercialization.  Under the JJDC Stock Purchase Agreement, in October 2018 the Company sold 3,260,869 shares of common stock to JJDC at a price of $23.00 per share.  Under the terms of the agreements taken together, the Company has received $175 million as an upfront payment, $75 million in the form of an equity investment by JJDC in Arrowhead common stock, and may receive up to $1.6 billion in development and sales milestones payments for the Janssen License Agreement, and up to $1.9 billion in development and sales milestone payments for the three additional targets covered under the Janssen Collaboration Agreement.  The Company is further eligible to receive tiered royalties up to mid teens under the Janssen License Agreement and up to low teens under the Janssen Collaboration Agreement on product sales.  In April 2019, the Company earned a $25 million milestone payment from Janssen following the initiation of dosing in a new triple combination cohort (cohort 12) in the

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Company’s ongoing Phase 1 / 2 study of JNJ-3989 (ARO-HBV).  The revenue recognition for this milestone payment and the Janssen License Agreement and the Janssen Collaboration Agreement are discussed further in Note 2 below.

The Company’s collaboration agreements with Amgen for AMG 890 (ARO-LPA) and ARO-AMG1 continue to progress.  The Company has received $35 million in upfront payments and $21.5 million in the form of an equity investment by Amgen in the Company’s Common Stock and could receive up to $617 million in option payments and development, regulatory and sales milestone payments. The Company is further eligible to receive single-digit royalties for sales of products under the ARO-AMG1 agreement and up to low double-digit royalties for sales of products under the AMG 890 (ARO-LPA) Agreement.  On August 1, 2018, the Company announced that it had earned a $10 million milestone payment from Amgen following the administration of the first dose of AMG 890 (ARO-LPA) in a phase 1 clinical study.  This milestone payment was recognized as revenue during the year ended September 30, 2018.

Liquidity

The Consolidated Financial Statements have been prepared in conformity with the accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America, which contemplate the continuation of the Company as a going concern.  Historically, the Company’s primary source of financing has been through the sale of its securities. Research and development activities have required significant capital investment since the Company’s inception. The Company expects its operations to continue to require cash investment to pursue its research and development goals, including clinical trials and related drug manufacturing. 

At March 31, 2019, the Company had $161.6 million in cash and cash equivalents, $56.6 million in short-term investments, and $67.5 million in long-term investments to fund operations.  During the six months ended March 31, 2019, the Company’s cash and investments balance increased by $209.2 million, which was primarily the result of the $75 million equity investment and $175 million upfront payment from JJDC and Janssen, respectively, as discussed further in Note 2 below.  These cash inflows were partially offset by cash outflows related to operating activities.        

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Principles of Consolidation—The Consolidated Financial Statements include the accounts of Arrowhead and its Subsidiaries.  Arrowhead’s primary operating subsidiary is Arrowhead Madison, which is located in Madison, Wisconsin, where the Company’s research and development facility is located.  All significant intercompany accounts and transactions are eliminated in consolidation.

Basis of Presentation and Use of Estimates—The preparation of financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period.  In the opinion of management, all adjustments, consisting of normal recurring accruals, considered necessary for a fair presentation have been included.  Actual results could materially differ from those estimates. These condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the Company’s consolidated financial statements and the notes thereto contained in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended September 30, 2018.

Cash and Cash Equivalents—The Company considers all liquid debt instruments purchased with a maturity of three months or less to be cash equivalents.  The Company had no restricted cash at March 31, 2019 and September 30, 2018.

Concentration of Credit Risk—The Company maintains several bank accounts primarily at two financial institutions for its operations. These accounts are insured by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) for up to $250,000 per institution. Management believes the Company is not exposed to significant credit risk due to the financial position of the depository institutions in which these deposits are held.

Investments—The Company may invest excess cash balances in short-term and long-term marketable debt securities. Investments may consist of certificates of deposit, money market accounts, government-sponsored enterprise securities, corporate bonds and/or commercial paper. The Company accounts for its investment in marketable securities in accordance with FASB ASC 320, Investments – Debt and Equity Securities. This statement requires debt securities to be classified into three categories:

Held-to-maturity—Debt securities that the entity has the positive intent and ability to hold to maturity are reported at amortized cost.

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Trading Securities—Debt securities that are bought and held primarily for the purpose of selling in the near term are reported at fair value, with unrealized gains and losses included in earnings.

Available-for-Sale—Debt securities not classified as either securities held-to-maturity or trading securities are reported at fair value with unrealized gains or losses excluded from earnings and reported as a separate component of shareholders’ equity.

The Company classifies its investments in marketable debt securities based on the facts and circumstances present at the time of purchase of the securities. During the three and six months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively, all the Company’s investments were classified as held-to-maturity.

Held-to-maturity investments are measured and recorded at amortized cost on the Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheet. Discounts and premiums to par value of the debt securities are amortized to interest income/expense over the term of the security. No gains or losses on investment securities are realized until they are sold or a decline in fair value is determined to be other-than-temporary.

Property and Equipment—Property and equipment are recorded at cost, which may equal fair market value in the case of property and equipment acquired in conjunction with a business acquisition. Depreciation of property and equipment is recorded using the straight-line method over the respective useful lives of the assets ranging from three to seven years. Leasehold improvements are amortized over the lesser of the expected useful life or the remaining lease term. Long-lived assets, including property and equipment are reviewed for impairment whenever events or circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of these assets may not be recoverable.

Intangible Assets Subject to Amortization—Intangible assets subject to amortization include certain patents and license agreements. Intangible assets subject to amortization are reviewed for impairment whenever events or circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of these assets may not be recoverable.

Contingent Consideration - The consideration for the Company’s acquisitions may include future payments that are contingent upon the occurrence of a particular event.  For example, milestone payments might be based on the achievement of various regulatory approvals or future sales milestones, and royalty payments might be based on drug product sales levels. The Company records a contingent consideration obligation for such contingent payments at fair value on the acquisition date. The Company estimates the fair value of contingent consideration obligations through valuation models designed to estimate the probability of such contingent payments based on various assumptions and incorporating estimated success rates.  Estimated payments are discounted using present value techniques to arrive at an estimated fair value at the balance sheet date. Changes in the fair value of the contingent consideration obligations are recognized within the Company’s Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss. Changes in the fair value of the contingent consideration obligations can result from changes to one or multiple inputs, including adjustments to the discount rates, changes in the amount or timing of expected expenditures associated with product development, changes in the amount or timing of cash flows from products upon commercialization, changes in the assumed achievement or timing of any development milestones, changes in the probability of certain clinical events and changes in the assumed probability associated with regulatory approval. These fair value measurements are based on significant inputs not observable in the market. Substantial judgment is employed in determining the appropriateness of these assumptions as of the acquisition date and for each subsequent period. Accordingly, changes in assumptions could have a material impact on the amount of contingent consideration expense the Company records in any given period.  The Company determined the fair value of its contingent consideration obligation to be $0 at March 31, 2019 and September 30, 2018.

Revenue Recognition— On October 1, 2018, the Company adopted FASB Topic 606 – Revenue for Contracts from Customers which amended revenue recognition principles and provides a single, comprehensive set of criteria for revenue recognition within and across all industries. The Company’s adoption of the new revenue standard did not have a material impact on its Consolidated Financial Statements.  The Company has not yet achieved commercial sales of its drug candidates to date, however, the new standard is applicable to the Company’s ongoing licensing and collaboration agreements, including those with Amgen and Janssen, and the analysis of the impact of this guidance on those agreements is discussed further in Note 2 below.    

The new revenue standard provides a five-step framework for recognizing revenue as control of promised goods or services is transferred to a customer at an amount that reflects the consideration to which the entity expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. To determine revenue recognition for arrangements that the Company determines are within the scope of the new revenue standard, the Company performs the following five steps: (i) identify the contract; (ii) identify the performance obligations; (iii) determine the transaction price; (iv) allocate the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract; and (v) recognize revenue when (or as) the Company satisfies a performance obligation.  At contract inception, the Company assesses whether the goods or services promised within each contract are distinct and, therefore, represent a separate performance obligation, or whether they are not distinct and are combined with other goods and services until a distinct bundle is identified.  The Company then determines the transaction price, which typically includes upfront payments and any variable consideration that the Company determines is probable

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to not cause a significant reversal in the amount of cumulative revenue recognized when the uncertainty associated with the variable consideration is resolved.  The Company then allocates the transaction price to each performance obligation and recognizes the associated revenue when (or as) each performance obligation is satisfied.

The Company recognizes the transaction price allocated to upfront license payments as revenue upon delivery of the license to the customer and resulting ability of the customer to use and benefit from the license, if the license is determined to be distinct from the other performance obligations identified in the contract.  These other performance obligations are typically to perform research and development services for the customer, often times relating to the candidate that the customer is licensing.  If the license is not considered to be distinct from other performance obligations, the Company assesses the nature of the combined performance obligation to determine whether the combined performance obligation is satisfied at a point in time or over time. If the performance obligation is satisfied over time, the Company then determines the appropriate method of measuring progress for purposes of recognizing revenue from license payments.  The Company evaluates the measure of progress each reporting period and, if necessary, adjusts the related revenue recognition.  

Typically, the Company’s collaboration agreements entitle it to additional payments upon the achievement of milestones or royalties on sales. The milestones are generally categorized into three types: development milestones, generally based on the initiation of toxicity studies or clinical trials; regulatory milestones, generally based on the submission, filing or approval of regulatory applications such as a Clinical Trial Application (CTA) or NDA in the United States; and sales-based milestones, generally based on meeting specific thresholds of sales in certain geographic areas. The Company evaluates whether it is probable that the consideration associated with each milestone or royalty will not be subject to a significant reversal in the cumulative amount of revenue recognized. Amounts that meet this threshold are included in the transaction price using the most likely amount method, whereas amounts that do not meet this threshold are excluded from the transaction price until they meet this threshold. At the end of each subsequent reporting period, the Company re-evaluates the probability of a significant reversal of the cumulative revenue recognized for our milestones and royalties, and, if necessary, adjusts its estimate of the overall transaction price.  Any such adjustments are recorded on a cumulative catch-up basis, which would affect revenues and net income in our Consolidated Statement of Operations and Comprehensive Income (Loss).  Typically, milestone payments and royalties are achieved after the Company’s performance obligations associated with the collaboration agreements have been completed and after the customer has assumed responsibility for the respective clinical or pre-clinical program.  Thus, the milestone or royalty payments are recognized as revenue in the period the milestone or royalty was achieved. If a milestone payment is achieved during the performance period, the milestone payment would be recognized as revenue to the extent performance had been completed at that point, and the remaining balance would be recorded as deferred revenue.  

The new revenue standard requires the Company to assess whether a significant financing component exists in determining the transaction price.  The Company performs this assessment at the onset of its licensing or collaboration agreements.  Typically, a significant financing component does not exist because the customer is paying for a license or services in advance with an upfront payment.  Additionally, future royalty payments are not substantially within the control of the Company or the customer.  

The new revenue standard requires the Company to allocate the arrangement consideration on a relative standalone selling price basis for each performance obligation after determining the transaction price of the contract and identifying the performance obligations to which that amount should be allocated. The relative standalone selling price is defined in the new revenue standard as the price at which an entity would sell a promised good or service separately to a customer. If other observable transactions in which the Company has sold the same performance obligation separately are not available, the Company estimates the standalone selling price of each performance obligation. Key assumptions to determine the standalone selling price may include forecasted revenues, development timelines, reimbursement rates for personnel costs, discount rates and probabilities of technical and regulatory success.

Whenever the Company determines that goods or services promised in a contract should be accounted for as a combined performance obligation over time, the Company determines the period over which the performance obligations will be performed and revenue will be recognized. Revenue is recognized using the proportional performance method. Labor hours are typically used as the measure of performance. Significant management judgment is required in determining the level of effort required under an arrangement and the period over which the Company is expected to complete its performance obligations.  If the Company determines that the performance obligation is satisfied over time, any upfront payment received is initially recorded as deferred revenue on the Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheets.  

Certain judgments affect the application of the Company’s revenue recognition policy. For example, the Company records short-term and long-term deferred revenue based on its best estimate of when such revenue will be recognized. Short-term deferred revenue consists of amounts that are expected to be recognized as revenue in the next 12 months, and long-term deferred revenue consists of amounts that the Company does not expect will be recognized in the next 12 months. This estimate is based on the Company’s current operating plan and, if the Company’s operating plan should change in the future, the Company may recognize a different amount of deferred revenue over the next 12-month period.

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Allowance for Doubtful Accounts—The Company accrues an allowance for doubtful accounts based on estimates of uncollectible revenues by analyzing historical collections, accounts receivable aging and other factors. Accounts receivable are written off when all collection attempts have failed.

Research and Development—Costs and expenses that can be clearly identified as research and development are charged to expense as incurred in accordance with FASB ASC 730-10.  Included in research and development costs are operating costs, facilities, supplies, external services, clinical trial and manufacturing costs, overhead directly related to the Company’s research and development operations, and costs to acquire technology licenses.

Net Income (Loss) per Share—Basic net income (loss) per share is computed using the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding during the period. Diluted net income (loss) per share are computed using the weighted-average number of common shares and dilutive potential common shares outstanding during the period. Dilutive potential common shares primarily consist of stock options and restricted stock units issued to employees.  During the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, the calculation of the effect of dilutive stock options and restricted stock units was 3,927,237 shares and 0 shares, respectively.  During the six months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, the calculation of the effect of dilutive stock options and restricted stock units was 4,590,931 shares and 0 shares, respectively.  During the three months ended March 31, 2019 the calculation of the effect of dilutive stock options and restricted stock units excluded 917,175 stock options and 2,000 restricted stock units due to their anti-dilutive effect.  During the six months ended March 31, 2019 the calculation of the effect of dilutive stock options and restricted stock units excluded 989,175 stock options and 2,000 restricted stock units due to their anti-dilutive effect.  During the three and six months ended March 31, 2018, the calculation of the effect of dilutive stock options and restricted stock units excluded all stock options and restricted stock units granted and outstanding during the period due to their anti-dilutive effect.

Stock-Based Compensation—The Company accounts for share-based compensation arrangements in accordance with FASB ASC 718, which requires the measurement and recognition of compensation expense for all share-based payment awards to be based on estimated fair values. The Company uses the Black-Scholes option valuation model to estimate the fair value of its stock options at the date of grant. The Black-Scholes option valuation model requires the input of subjective assumptions to calculate the value of stock options. For restricted stock units, the value of the award is based on the Company’s stock price at the grant date.  For performance-based restricted stock unit awards, the value of the award is based on the Company’s stock price at the grant date, with consideration given to the probability of the performance condition being achieved.  The Company uses historical data and other information to estimate the expected price volatility for stock option awards and the expected forfeiture rate for all awards.  Expense is recognized over the vesting period for all awards and commences at the grant date for time-based awards and upon the Company’s determination that the achievement of such performance conditions is probable for performance-based awards. This determination requires significant judgment by management.

Income Taxes—The Company accounts for income taxes under the liability method, which requires the recognition of deferred income tax assets and liabilities for the expected future tax consequences of events that have been included in the financial statements or tax returns. Under this method, deferred income taxes are recognized for the tax consequences in future years of differences between the tax bases of assets and liabilities and their financial reporting amounts at each period end based on enacted tax laws and statutory tax rates applicable to the periods in which the differences are expected to affect taxable income. Valuation allowances are established, when necessary, to reduce deferred income tax assets to the amount expected to be realized. The provision for income taxes, if any, represents the tax payable for the period and the change in deferred income tax assets and liabilities during the period.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

In May 2014, the FASB issued ASU No. 2014-09 Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606), which will supersede nearly all existing revenue recognition guidance under GAAP. ASU No. 2014-09 provides that an entity recognize revenue when it transfers promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the entity expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. This update also requires additional disclosure about the nature, amount, timing and uncertainty of revenue and cash flows arising from customer contracts, including significant judgments and changes in judgments, and assets recognized from costs incurred to obtain or fulfill a contract. ASU No. 2014-09 allows for either full retrospective or modified retrospective adoption and will become effective for the Company in the first quarter of fiscal 2019. In April 2016, the FASB issued an amendment to ASU No. 2014-09 with update ASU No. 2016-10 which provided more specific guidance around the identification of performance obligations and licensing arrangements.  On October 1, 2018, the Company adopted this standard using the modified retrospective method. The Company’s implementation approach included reviewing the status of each of its ongoing collaboration agreements and designing appropriate internal controls to enable the preparation of financial information.  The Company has completed its assessment of the impact of the new revenue recognition guidance and determined that there will be no material impact.  The Company’s existing performance obligations under its ongoing licensing and collaboration agreements as of October 1, 2018 were substantially completed prior to September 30, 2018.  Any future option, milestone or royalty payments received will be accounted for under the sales-based royalty exception provided for under this new revenue recognition guidance.  Additionally, there

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will be no impact to cash from or used in operating, financing or investing activities on the Company’s Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows as a result of the adoption of the new standard.  

In March 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-02, Leases.  Under ASU 2016-02, lessees will be required to recognize a right-of-use asset and a lease liability for virtually all of their leases (other than leases that meet the definition of a short-term lease). For income statement purposes, a dual model was retained, requiring leases to be classified as either operating or finance. Operating leases will result in straight-line expense (similar to current operating leases) while finance leases will result in a front-loaded expense pattern (similar to current capital leases). ASU 2016-02 becomes effective for the Company in the first quarter of fiscal 2020. The Company expects the adoption of this update to have a material effect on the classification and disclosure of its leased facilities.  

In May 2017, the FASB issued ASU No. 2017-09, which is an update to Topic 718, Compensation - Stock Compensation. The update provides guidance on determining which changes to the terms and conditions of share-based payment awards, including stock options, require an entity to apply modification accounting under Topic 718. ASU 2017-09 becomes effective for the Company in the first quarter of fiscal 2019.  The adoption of this update has not had a material impact on the Company's results of operations and Consolidated Financial Statements.

In November 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-18 Collaborative Arrangements (Topic 808).  This update provides clarification on the interaction between Revenue Recognition (Topic 606) and Collaborative Arrangements (Topic 808) including the alignment of unit of account guidance between the two topics / ASU 2018-18 becomes effective for the Company in the first quarter of fiscal 2021 with early adoption permitted.  The Company does not expect the adoption of this update to have a material effect on its Consolidated Financial Statements.

NOTE 2. COLLABORATION AND LICENSE AGREEMENTS

Amgen Inc.

On September 28, 2016, the Company entered into two Collaboration and License agreements, and a Common Stock Purchase Agreement with Amgen Inc., a Delaware corporation (“Amgen”). Under one of the license agreements (the “Second Collaboration and License Agreement” or “AMG 890 (ARO-LPA) Agreement”), Amgen has received a worldwide, exclusive license to Arrowhead’s novel, RNAi ARO-LPA program. These RNAi molecules are designed to reduce elevated lipoprotein(a), which is a genetically validated, independent risk factor for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Under the other license agreement (the “First Collaboration and License Agreement” or “ARO-AMG1 Agreement”), Amgen received an option to a worldwide, exclusive license for ARO-AMG1, an RNAi therapy for an undisclosed genetically validated cardiovascular target. In both agreements, Amgen is wholly responsible for clinical development and commercialization. Under the Common Stock Purchase Agreement, the Company has sold 3,002,793 shares of Common Stock to Amgen at a price of $7.16 per share. Subject to Amgen’s exercise of the Option, as defined in the ARO-AMG1 Agreement, Amgen has agreed to purchase, and the Company has agreed to sell, an additional $5 million worth of shares of Common Stock based on a 30 trading day formula surrounding the date of the Option exercise. Under the terms of the agreements taken together, the Company has received $35 million in upfront payments, $21.5 million in the form of an equity investment by Amgen in the Company’s Common Stock and could receive up to $617 million in Option payments, and development, regulatory and sales milestone payments. The Company is further eligible to receive single-digit royalties for sales of products under the ARO-AMG1 Agreement and up to low double-digit royalties for sales of products under the AMG 890 (ARO-LPA) Agreement.

The Company has evaluated these agreements in accordance with the new revenue recognition standard that became effective for the Company on October 1, 2018.  The adoption of the new revenue standard did not have a material impact on the balances reported when evaluated under the superseded revenue standard.  During the year ended September 30, 2018, the Company substantially completed its performance obligations under the AMG 890 (ARO-LPA) Agreement and the ARO-AMG1 Agreement.  Future milestones and royalties achieved will be recognized in their entirety when earned.  During the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, the Company recognized $0.3 million and $0.7 million of Revenue associated with its agreements with Amgen, respectively.  During the six months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, the Company recognized $0.3 million and $4.2 million of Revenue associated with its agreements with Amgen, respectively.  As of March 31, 2019, there were $0.1 million of contract assets, and $0 million of contract liabilities recorded as current deferred revenue on the Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheets.  

Janssen Pharmaceuticals, Inc.

On October 3, 2018, the Company entered into a License Agreement (“Janssen License Agreement”) and a Research Collaboration and Option Agreement (“Janssen Collaboration Agreement”) with Janssen Pharmaceuticals, Inc.  (“Janssen”) part of the Janssen Pharmaceutical Companies of Johnson & Johnson.  The Company also entered into a Stock Purchase Agreement (“JJDC Stock Purchase Agreement”) with Johnson & Johnson Innovation-JJDC, Inc.  (“JJDC”), a New Jersey corporation.  Under the Janssen License Agreement, Janssen has received a worldwide, exclusive license to the Company’s JNJ-3989 (ARO-HBV) program, the Company’s third-generation subcutaneously administered RNAi therapeutic candidate being developed as a potentially curative

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therapy for patients with chronic hepatitis B virus infection. Beyond the Company’s ongoing Phase 1 / 2 study of JNJ-3989 (ARO-HBV), Janssen will be wholly responsible for clinical development and commercialization.  Under the Janssen Collaboration Agreement, Janssen will be able to select three new targets against which Arrowhead will develop clinical candidates.  These candidates are subject to certain restrictions and will not include candidates in the Company’s current pipeline.  The Company will perform discovery, optimization and preclinical development, entirely funded by Janssen, sufficient to allow the filing of a U.S. Investigational New Drug application or equivalent, at which time Janssen will have the option to take an exclusive license. If the option is exercised, Janssen will be wholly responsible for clinical development and commercialization of each optioned candidate.  Under the JJDC Stock Purchase Agreement, in October 2018 the Company sold 3,260,869 shares of common stock to JJDC at a price of $23.00 per share.  Under the terms of the agreements taken together, the Company has received $175 million as an upfront payment, $75 million in the form of an equity investment by JJDC in Arrowhead common stock, and may receive up to $1.6 billion in development and sales milestones payments for the Janssen License Agreement, and up to $1.9 billion in development and sales milestone payments for the three additional targets covered under the Janssen Collaboration Agreement.  The Company is further eligible to receive tiered royalties up to mid teens under the Janssen License Agreement and up to low teens under the Janssen Collaboration Agreement on product sales.   In April 2019, the Company earned a $25 million milestone payment from Janssen following the initiation of dosing in a new triple combination cohort (cohort 12) in the Company’s ongoing Phase 1 / 2 study of JNJ-3989 (ARO-HBV).  

The Company has evaluated these agreements in accordance with the new revenue recognition standard that became effective for the Company on October 1, 2018.  The adoption of the new revenue standard did not have a material impact on the balances reported when evaluated under the superseded revenue standard.  At the inception of these agreements, the Company has identified one distinct performance obligation.  Regarding the Janssen License Agreement, the Company determined that the key deliverables included the license and certain R&D services including the Company’s responsibility to complete the ongoing Phase 1 / 2 study of JNJ-3989 (ARO-HBV) and the Company’s responsibility to ensure certain manufacturing of JNJ-3989 (ARO-HBV) drug product is completed and delivered to Janssen (the “Janssen R&D Services”).  Due to the specialized and unique nature of these Janssen R&D services, and their direct relationship with the license, the Company determined that these deliverables represent one distinct bundle and thus, one performance obligation.  The Company also determined that Janssen’s option to require the Company to develop up to three new targets is not a material right, and thus, not a performance obligation at the onset of the agreement.  The consideration for this option will be accounted for if and when it is exercised.

The Company determined the transaction price totaled approximately $226.3 million which includes the upfront payment, the premium paid by JJDC for its equity investment in the Company, the first $25 million milestone payment earned and estimated payments for  reimbursable Janssen R&D services to be performed.  The Company has allocated the total $226.3 million initial transaction price to its one distinct performance obligation for the JNJ-3989 (ARO-HBV) license and the associated Janssen R&D Services.  This revenue will be recognized using a proportional performance method (based on actual labor hours versus estimated total labor hours) beginning in October 2018 and ending as the Company’s efforts in overseeing the ongoing phase 1 / 2 clinical trial are completed.  During the three and six months ended March 31, 2019, the Company recognized approximately $47.9 million and $82.5 million of Revenue associated with its agreements with Janssen and JJDC, respectively.  As of March 31, 2019 there were $13.3 million of contract assets recorded as accounts receivable, and $120.6 million of contract liabilities recorded as current deferred revenue and long-term deferred revenue on the Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheets.  The $13.3 million of accounts receivable is driven by reimbursable costs incurred for the Janssen R&D Services and the recognition of a portion of the $25 million milestone earned in April 2019 based on performance completed as of March 31, 2019, and the $120.6 million of current and long-term deferred revenue is driven by the upfront payment and premium paid by JJDC for its equity investment in the Company, net of revenue recognized in the period.                              

NOTE 3. PROPERTY AND EQUIPMENT

The following table summarizes the Company’s major classes of property and equipment:

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Depreciation and amortization expense for Property and Equipment for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018 and was $750,860 and $728,359, respectively.  Depreciation and amortization expense for Property and Equipment for the six months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018 and was $1,503,105 and $1,444,425, respectively. 

NOTE 4. INVESTMENTS

The Company invests a portion of its excess cash balances in short-term debt securities and may, from time to time, also invest in long-term debt securities.  Investments at March 31, 2019 consisted of corporate bonds with maturities remaining of less than 36 months.  The Company may also invest excess cash balances in certificates of deposits, money market accounts, government-sponsored enterprise securities, corporate bonds and/or commercial paper.  The Company accounts for its investments in accordance with FASB ASC 320, Investments – Debt and Equity Securities.  At March 31, 2019, all investments were classified as held-to-maturity securities.

The following tables summarize the Company’s short-term and long-term investments as of March 31, 2019, and September 30, 2018.

NOTE 5. INTANGIBLE ASSETS

Intangible assets subject to amortization include patents and a license agreement capitalized as part of the Novartis RNAi asset acquisition in March 2015. The license agreement associated with the Novartis RNAi asset acquisition is being amortized over the estimated life remaining at the time of acquisition, which was 21 years, and the accumulated amortization of the asset is approximately $605,988.  The patents associated with the Novartis RNAi asset acquisition are being amortized over the estimated life remaining at the time of acquisition, which was 14 years, and the accumulated amortization of the assets is approximately $6,337,431.  Amortization expense for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018 was $425,108 and $425,107, respectively.  Amortization expense for the six months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018 was $850,215 and $850,214, respectively.  Amortization expense is expected to be $850,214 for the remainder of fiscal 2019, $1,700,429 in 2020, $1,700,429 in 2021, $1,700,429 in 2022, $1,700,429 in 2023, and $10,261,865 thereafter.

The following table provides details on the Company’s intangible asset balances:

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NOTE 6. STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY

At March 31, 2019, the Company had a total of 150,000,000 shares of capital stock authorized for issuance, consisting of 145,000,000 shares of Common Stock, par value $0.001 per share, and 5,000,000 shares of Preferred Stock, par value $0.001 per share.

At March 31, 2019, 94,665,718 shares of Common Stock were outstanding.  At March 31, 2019, 7,873,851 shares of Common Stock were reserved for issuance upon exercise of options and vesting of restricted stock units granted or available for grant under Arrowhead’s 2004 Equity Incentive Plan and 2013 Incentive Plan, as well as for inducement grants made to new employees.

In October 2018 the Company sold 3,260,869 shares of Common Stock to JJDC at a price of $23.00 per share as part of the JJDC Stock Purchase Agreement discussed further in Note 2 above.  The Company received proceeds of $75.0 million.  The portion of these proceeds that were deemed to be a premium were recorded as deferred revenue as discussed further in Note 2 above.     

NOTE 7. COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES

Leases

The Company leases approximately 8,500 square feet of office space for its corporate headquarters in Pasadena, California.  The lease will expire in September 2019.   Monthly rental payments are approximately $31,900 per month, increasing approximately 3% annually.

The Company also leases approximately 58,000 square feet of office and laboratory space for its research facility in Madison, Wisconsin.  In January 2019, the Company amended its existing lease to add an additional 13,000 square feet of laboratory and office space to the facility.  The amended lease will expire in September 2029.  As part of this lease, the Company was provided a tenant improvement allowance of $2.1 million which is accounted for as Deferred Rent and an additional tenant improvement allowance of $2.7 million which was accounted for as a note payable on the Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheet.  In October 2018, the Company paid off the remaining $2.3 million balance on the note payable.  Monthly rental payments are approximately $160,800 per month, increasing approximately 2.5% annually.  

Facility rent expense for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018 was $436,000 and $305,000, respectively.  Facility rent expense for the six months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018 was $771,000 and $630,000, respectively.      

As of March 31, 2019, future minimum lease payments due in fiscal years under operating leases are as follows:

In April 2019, the Company entered a new lease for its corporate headquarters in Pasadena, California.  The new facility lease will be for approximately 24,000 square feet of office space, and this increased space will accommodate increased personnel as the Company’s pipeline of drug candidates expands and moves closer to market.  See Note 11 for additional discussion of this lease.

Litigation –

The Company and certain of its officers and directors were named as defendants in a putative consolidated class action in the United States District Court for the Central District of California regarding certain public statements in connection with the Company’s hepatitis B drug research.  The consolidated class action, initially filed as Wang v. Arrowhead Research Corp., et al., No. 2:14-cv-07890 (C.D. Cal., filed Oct. 10, 2014), and Eskinazi v. Arrowhead Research Corp., et al., No. 2:14-cv-07911 (C.D. Cal., filed Oct. 13, 2014), asserted claims under Sections 10(b) and 20(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 and sought damages in an unspecified amount.  Additionally, three putative stockholder derivative actions captioned Weisman v. Anzalone et al., No. 2:14-cv-08982 (C.D. Cal., filed Nov. 20, 2014), Bernstein (Backus) v. Anzalone, et al., No. 2:14-cv-09247 (C.D. Cal., filed Dec. 2, 2014); and Johnson v. Anzalone, et al., No. 2:15-cv-00446 (C.D. Cal., filed Jan. 22, 2015), were filed in the United States District Court for the Central District of California, alleging breach of fiduciary duty by the Company’s Board of Directors in connection with the alleged

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facts underlying the securities claims.  An additional consolidated derivative action asserting similar claims was filed in Los Angeles County Superior Court, initially filed as Bacchus v. Anzalone, et al., (L.A. Super., filed Mar. 5, 2015); and Jackson v. Anzalone, et al. (L.A. Super., filed Mar. 16, 2015).  Each of these suits seeks damages in unspecified amounts and some seek various forms of injunctive relief.  On October 7, 2016, the federal district court dismissed the consolidated class action with prejudice.  Following the dismissal of the consolidated class action, the parties for the Weisman and Johnson actions jointly stipulated to dismiss the actions, with the parties bearing their own fees and costs.  The parties to the Bernstein and consolidated derivative action agreed to stay the matters pending the resolution of the Ninth Circuit appeal of the dismissal of the consolidated class action.  On February 15, 2018, the Ninth Circuit issued a memorandum affirming the district court’s dismissal of all claims.  Plaintiffs in the consolidated derivative action voluntarily dismissed their case.  The parties to the Bernstein action filed a stipulation to continue the stay of the action pending resolution of the Ninth Circuit appeal in Meller v. Arrowhead Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Case No. 2:16-cv-08505 (C.D. Cal.).  The Company believes it has meritorious defenses and intends to vigorously defend itself in each of these matters.  The Company makes provisions for liabilities when it is both probable that a liability has been incurred and the amount can be reasonably estimated.  No such liability has been recorded related to these matters.  The Company does not expect these matters to have a material effect on its Consolidated Financial Statements.

The Company and certain executive officers were named as defendants in a putative consolidated class action in the United States District Court for the Central District of California regarding certain public statements in connection with the Company’s drug research programs.  The consolidated class action, initially filed as Meller v. Arrowhead Pharmaceuticals, Inc., et al., No. 2:16-cv-08505 (C.D. Cal, filed Nov. 15, 2016 ), Siegel v. Arrowhead Pharmaceuticals, Inc., et al., No. 2:16-cv-8954 (C.D. Cal., filed Dec. 2, 2016), and Unz v. Arrowhead Pharmaceuticals, Inc., et al., No.2:17-cv-00310 (C.D. Cal., filed Jan. 13, 2017) asserts claims under Sections 10(b) and 20(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 regarding certain public statements in connection with the Company’s drug research programs and seek damages in an unspecified amount.  Additionally, a putative stockholder derivative action captioned Johnson v. Anzalone, et al., (Los Angeles County Superior Court, filed January 19, 2017) asserting substantially similar claims is pending in Los Angeles County Superior Court and is stayed pending the related consolidated class action. Two additional putative stockholder derivative actions, captioned Lucas v. Anzalone, et al., No. 2:17-cv-03207 (C.D. Cal., filed April 28, 2017), and Singh v. Anzalone, et al., No. 2:17-cv-03160 (C.D. Cal., filed April 27, 2017), alleging breach of fiduciary duty by the Company’s Board of Directors in connection with the alleged facts underlying the securities claims, are pending in the United States District Court for the Central District of California.  The Lucas and Singh actions have been consolidated. On December 21, 2017, the federal district court dismissed the consolidated class action with prejudice.  On December 27, 2017 the plaintiffs appealed the dismissal to the United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit.  The Lucas and Singh actions are stayed pending resolution of the Ninth Circuit appeal.  The Company believes it has meritorious defenses and intends to vigorously defend itself in these matters.  The Company makes provisions for liabilities when it is both probable that a liability has been incurred and the amount can be reasonably estimated.  No such liability has been recorded related to these matters.  The Company cannot predict the ultimate outcome of this matter and cannot accurately estimate any potential liability the Company may incur or the impact of the results of this matter on the Company.

With regard to legal fees, such as attorney fees related to these matters or any other legal matters, the Company recognizes such costs as incurred.

Purchase Commitments

In the normal course of business, we enter into various purchase commitments for the manufacture of drug components, for toxicology studies, and for clinical studies.  As of March 31, 2019, these future commitments were estimated at approximately $52.1 million, of which approximately $27.1 million is expected to be incurred in fiscal 2019, and $25.0 million is expected to be incurred beyond fiscal 2019.  

Technology License Commitments

The Company has licensed from third parties the rights to use certain technologies for its research and development activities, as well as in any products the Company may develop using these licensed technologies. These agreements and other similar agreements often require milestone and royalty payments.  Milestone payments, for example, may be required as the research and development process progresses through various stages of development, such as when clinical candidates enter or progress through clinical trials, upon NDA and upon certain sales level milestones.  These milestone payments could amount to the mid to upper double-digit millions of dollars. During the three and six months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, the Company did not reach milestones requiring payment.  In certain agreements, the Company may be required to make mid to high single-digit percentage royalty payments based on a percentage of the sales of the relevant products.     

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NOTE 8. STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION

Arrowhead has two plans that provide for equity-based compensation. Under the 2004 Equity Incentive Plan and 2013 Incentive Plan, as of March 31, 2019, 1,440,218 and 5,654,798 shares, respectively, of Arrowhead’s Common Stock are reserved for the grant of stock options, stock appreciation rights, restricted stock awards and performance unit/share awards to employees, consultants and others. No further grants may be made under the 2004 Equity Incentive Plan.  As of March 31, 2019, there were options granted and outstanding to purchase 1,440,218 and 3,270,048 shares of Common Stock under the 2004 Equity Incentive Plan and the 2013 Incentive Plan, respectively, and there were 2,049,333 restricted stock units granted and outstanding under the 2013 Incentive Plan. Also, as of March 31, 2019, there were 776,834 shares reserved for options and 2,000 shares reserved for restricted stock units issued as inducement grants to new employees outside of equity compensation plans. During the three months ended March 31, 2019, 517,500 options and 1,398,429 restricted stock units were granted under the 2013 Incentive Plan, and 148,000 options and 2,000 restricted stock units were granted as inducement awards to new employees outside of equity incentive plans.   During the six months ended March 31, 2019, 517,500 options and 1,401,888 restricted stock units were granted under the 2013 Incentive Plan, and 195,000 options and 2,000 restricted stock units were granted as inducement awards to new employees outside of equity incentive plans.  

The following table summarizes information about stock options:

Stock-based compensation expense related to stock options for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018 was $1,017,065 and $858,005, respectively. Stock-based compensation expense related to stock options for the six months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018 was $1,807,500 and $1,758,664, respectively.  For non-qualified stock options, the expense creates a timing difference, resulting in a deferred tax asset, which is fully reserved by a valuation allowance.

The grant date fair value of the options granted by the Company for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018 was $7,580,360 and $1,944,007, respectively.  The grant date fair value of the options granted by the Company for the six months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018 was $8,137,249 and $2,292,906, respectively

The intrinsic value of the options exercised during the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018 was $6,806,594 and  $350,674, respectively.  The intrinsic value of the options exercised during the six months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018 was $8,122,294 and  $350,674, respectively.

As of March 31, 2019, the pre-tax compensation expense for all outstanding unvested stock options in the amount of approximately $11,164,000 will be recognized in the Company’s results of operations over a weighted average period of 3.4 years.

The fair value of each stock option award is estimated on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes option pricing model. The Black-Scholes option valuation model was developed for use in estimating the fair value of traded options, which do not have vesting restrictions and are fully transferable. The determination of the fair value of each stock option is affected by the Company’s stock price on the date of grant, as well as assumptions regarding a number of highly complex and subjective variables. Because the Company’s employee stock options have characteristics significantly different from those of traded options, and because changes in the subjective input assumptions can materially affect the fair value estimate, in management’s opinion, the existing models do not necessarily provide a reliable single measure of the fair value of its employee stock options.

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The assumptions used to value stock options are as follows:

The dividend yield is zero as the Company currently does not pay a dividend.

The risk-free interest rate is based on that of the U.S. Treasury bond.

Volatility is estimated based on volatility average of the Company’s Common Stock price.

Restricted Stock Units

Restricted stock units (RSUs), including time-based and performance-based awards, were granted under the Company’s 2013 Incentive Plan and as inducement grants granted outside of the Plan.   During the three months ended March 31, 2019, the Company issued 1,398,429 RSUs under the 2013 Incentive Plan and 2,000 RSUs as inducement awards to new employees outside of equity incentive plans.  During the six months ended March 31, 2019, the Company issued 1,401,888 RSUs under the 2013 Incentive Plan and 2,000 RSUs as inducement awards to new employees outside of equity incentive plans.  At vesting, each outstanding RSU will be exchanged for one share of the Company’s Common Stock. RSU recipients may elect to net share settle upon vesting, in which case the Company pays the employee’s income taxes due upon vesting and withholds a number of shares of Common Stock of equal value.  RSU awards generally vest subject to the satisfaction of service requirements or the satisfaction of both service requirements and achievement of certain performance targets.  

The following table summarizes the activity of the Company’s RSUs:

During the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, the Company recorded $1,584,283 and $598,808 of expense related to RSUs, respectively. During the six months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, the Company recorded $3,511,381 and $1,790,690 of expense related to RSUs, respectively. Such expense is included in stock-based compensation expense in the Company’s Consolidated Statement of Operations and Comprehensive Loss. For RSUs, the expense creates a timing difference, resulting in a deferred tax asset, which is fully reserved by a valuation allowance.  

For RSUs, the grant date fair value of the award is based on the Company’s closing stock price at the grant date, with consideration given to the probability of achieving performance conditions for performance-based awards.

As of March 31, 2019, the pre-tax compensation expense for all unvested RSUs in the amount of approximately $9,551,860 will be recognized in the Company’s results of operations over a weighted average period of 3.3 years.

NOTE 9. FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS

The Company measures its financial assets and liabilities at fair value. Fair value is defined as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability (i.e., exit price) in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. Additionally, the Company is required to provide disclosure and categorize assets and liabilities measured at fair value into one

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of three different levels depending on the assumptions (i.e., inputs) used in the valuation. Level 1 provides the most reliable measure of fair value while Level 3 generally requires significant management judgment. Financial assets and liabilities are classified in their entirety based on the lowest level of input significant to the fair value measurement. The fair value hierarchy is defined as follows:

Level 1—Valuations are based on unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.

Level 2—Valuations are based on quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in active markets, or quoted prices in markets that are not active for which significant inputs are observable, either directly or indirectly.

Level 3—Valuations are based on prices or valuation techniques that require inputs that are both unobservable and significant to the overall fair value measurement. Inputs reflect management’s best estimate of what market participants would use in valuing the asset or liability at the measurement date.

The following table summarizes fair value measurements at March 31, 2019 and September 30, 2018 for assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis:

March 31, 2019:

September 30, 2018:

As of September 30, 2015, the Company had a liability for contingent consideration related to its acquisition of the Roche RNAi business completed in 2011. The fair value measurement of the contingent consideration obligations is determined using Level 3 inputs. The fair value of contingent consideration obligations is based on a discounted cash flow model using a probability-weighted income approach. The measurement is based upon unobservable inputs supported by little or no market activity based on the Company’s assumptions and experience. Estimating timing to complete the development and obtain approval of products is difficult, and there are inherent uncertainties in developing a product candidate, such as obtaining U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and other regulatory approvals. In determining the probability of regulatory approval and commercial success, the Company utilizes data regarding similar milestone events from several sources, including industry studies and its own experience. These fair value measurements represent Level 3 measurements as they are based on significant inputs not observable in the market. Significant judgment is employed in determining the appropriateness of these assumptions as of the acquisition date and for each subsequent period. Accordingly, changes in assumptions could have a material impact on the amount of contingent consideration expense the Company records in any given period. In November 2016, the Company announced the discontinuation of its clinical trial efforts for ARC-520, ARC-AAT and ARC-521.  Given this development, the Company assessed the fair value of its contingent consideration obligation to be $0 at March 31, 2019 and September 30, 2018.  

NOTE 10. - INCOME TAXES

There was no provision for income taxes for the three and six months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively.  During the three and six months ended March 31, 2019, the Company generated net income of $23.9 million and $35.9 million, respectively.  However, this net income was more than offset by the Company’s existing net operating loss carryforwards.  As of March 31, 2019, the Company’s remaining deferred income taxes assets, consisting primarily of net operating loss carryforwards, remain fully offset by a valuation allowance.  

NOTE 11. SUBSEQUENT EVENTS

In April 2019, the Company entered a new lease for its corporate headquarters in Pasadena, California.  The 91 month office building lease between the Company and 177 Colorado Owner, LLC is for approximately 24,000 square feet of office space located at

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177 E. Colorado Blvd, Pasadena, California, and this lease will replace the Company’s current corporate headquarters office lease.  The increased capacity of this new office space compared to the Company’s current corporate headquarters will accommodate increased personnel as the Company’s pipeline of drug candidates expands and moves closer to market.

Lease payments will begin on the earlier of November 1, 2019 or when the Company first commences to conduct business in the premises and are estimated to total approximately $8.8 million over the term.  The Company expects to pay approximately $4.5 million for leasehold improvements, net of tenant improvement allowances, beginning in the Company’s third quarter of fiscal year 2019.  Pursuant to the lease, within twelve to fifteen months of the expiration of the term, the Company has the option to extend the lease for one additional five-year term, with certain annual increases in base rent.

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This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q contains certain forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933 and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, and we intend that such forward-looking statements be subject to the safe harbors created thereby. For this purpose, any statements contained in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q except for historical information may be deemed to be forward-looking statements. Without limiting the generality of the foregoing, words such as “may,” “will,” “expect,” “believe,” “anticipate,” “intend,” “could,” “estimate,” or “continue” or the negative or other variations thereof or comparable terminology are intended to identify forward-looking statements. In addition, any statements that refer to projections of our future financial performance, trends in our businesses, or other characterizations of future events or circumstances are forward-looking statements.

The forward-looking statements included herein are based on current expectations of our management based on available information and involve a number of risks and uncertainties, all of which are difficult or impossible to predict accurately and many of which are beyond our control. As such, our actual results may differ significantly from those expressed in any forward-looking statements. Readers should carefully review the factors identified in our most recent Annual Report on Form 10-K under the caption “Risk Factors” as well as the additional risks described in other documents we file from time to time with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”), including subsequent quarterly reports on Form 10-Q. In light of the significant risks and uncertainties inherent in the forward-looking information included herein, the inclusion of such information should not be regarded as a representation by us or any other person that such results will be achieved, and readers are cautioned not to place undue reliance on such forward-looking information. Except as may be required by law, we disclaim any intent to revise the forward-looking statements contained herein to reflect events or circumstances after the date hereof or to reflect the occurrence of unanticipated events.

Overview

Arrowhead Pharmaceuticals, Inc. develops medicines that treat intractable diseases by silencing the genes that cause them.  Using a broad portfolio of RNA chemistries and efficient modes of delivery, Arrowhead therapies trigger the RNA interference mechanism to induce rapid, deep and durable knockdown of target genes. RNA interference, or RNAi, is a mechanism present in living cells that inhibits the expression of a specific gene, thereby affecting the production of a specific protein. Arrowhead’s RNAi-based therapeutics leverage this natural pathway of gene silencing. The company's pipeline includes ARO-AAT for liver disease associated with alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency (AATD), ARO-APOC3 for hypertriglyceridemia, ARO-ANG3 for dyslipidemia, ARO-ENaC for cystic fibrosis, and ARO-HIF2 for renal cell carcinoma. ARO-LPA (AMG 890) for cardiovascular disease was out-licensed to Amgen Inc. in 2016. ARO-AMG1 for an undisclosed genetically validated cardiovascular target is under a license and collaboration agreement with Amgen Inc.  JNJ-3989 (ARO-HBV) for chronic hepatitis B virus was out-licensed to Janssen Pharmaceuticals, Inc. in October 2018.

Arrowhead operates a lab facility in Madison, Wisconsin, where the Company’s research and development activities, including the development of RNAi therapeutics, are based. The Company’s principal executive offices are located in Pasadena, California.

Arrowhead has focused its resources on therapeutics that exclusively utilize the company’s Targeted RNAi Molecule (TRiM^TM) platform technology. Therapeutics built on the TRiM^TM platform have demonstrated high levels of pharmacologic activity in multiple animal models spanning several therapeutic areas. TRiM^TM enabled therapeutics offer several potential advantages over prior generation and competing technologies, including: simplified manufacturing and reduced costs; multiple routes of administration including subcutaneous injection and inhaled administration; the ability to target multiple tissue types including liver, lung, and tumors; and the potential for improved safety and reduced risk of intracellular buildup, because there are less metabolites from smaller, simpler molecules.  

During fiscal 2019, the Company has continued to develop its pipeline and partnered candidates.  In April 2019, the Company presented clinical data for JNJ-3989 (ARO-HBV) and ARO-AAT at the International Liver Congress, and in April 2019, the Company received FDA clearance to commence a Phase 2/3 study of ARO-AAT that has the potential to serve as a pivotal registrational study. In December 2018 and January 2019, Clinical Trial Applications (CTAs) were filed for ARO-ANG3 and ARO-APOC3, respectively, and dosing has commenced for both trials.  The Company also continues to work on optimizing its other extra-hepatic preclinical pipeline candidates including ARO-ENaC and ARO-HIF2.  The Company delivered the Arrowhead Deliverable, as defined in its collaboration agreement, to Amgen for ARO-AMG1 in August 2018, and Amgen is currently progressing its phase 1 clinical study of AMG-890 (ARO-LPA).  

The Company also made significant progress on the business development and partnership front.  In October 2018, the Company entered into a License Agreement (“Janssen License Agreement”) and a Research Collaboration and Option Agreement (“Janssen Collaboration Agreement”) with Janssen Pharmaceuticals, Inc.  (“Janssen”) part of the Janssen Pharmaceutical Companies of Johnson & Johnson.  The Company also entered into a Stock Purchase Agreement (“JJDC Stock Purchase Agreement”) with

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Johnson & Johnson Innovation-JJDC, Inc.  (“JJDC”), a New Jersey corporation.  Under the Janssen License Agreement, Janssen has received a worldwide, exclusive license to the Company’s JNJ-3989 (ARO-HBV) program, the Company’s third-generation subcutaneously administered RNAi therapeutic candidate being developed as a potentially curative therapy for patients with chronic hepatitis B virus infection. Beyond the Company’s ongoing Phase 1 / 2 study of JNJ-3989 (ARO-HBV), Janssen will be wholly responsible for clinical development and commercialization.  Under the Janssen Collaboration Agreement, Janssen will be able to select three new targets against which Arrowhead will develop clinical candidates.  These candidates are subject to certain restrictions and will not include candidates in the Company’s current pipeline.  The Company will perform discovery, optimization and preclinical development, entirely funded by Janssen, sufficient to allow the filing of a U.S. Investigational New Drug application or equivalent, at which time Janssen will have the option to take an exclusive license. If the option is exercised, Janssen will be wholly responsible for clinical development and commercialization.  Under the JJDC Stock Purchase Agreement, in October 2018 the Company sold 3,260,869 shares of common stock to JJDC at a price of $23.00 per share.  Under the terms of the agreements taken together, the Company has received $175 million as an upfront payment, $75 million in the form of an equity investment by JJDC in Arrowhead common stock and may receive up to $1.6 billion in development and sales milestones payments for the Janssen License Agreement, and up to $1.9 billion in development and sales milestone payments for the three additional targets covered under the Janssen Collaboration Agreement.  The Company is further eligible to receive tiered royalties up to mid teens under the Janssen License Agreement and up to low teens under the Janssen Collaboration Agreement on product sales.  In April 2019, the Company earned a $25 million milestone payment from Janssen following the initiation of dosing in a new triple combination cohort (cohort 12) in the Company’s ongoing Phase 1 / 2 study of JNJ-3989 (ARO-HBV).  

The Company’s collaboration agreements with Amgen for AMG 890 (ARO-LPA) and ARO-AMG1 with Amgen continue to progress.  The Company has received $35 million in upfront payments and $21.5 million in the form of an equity investment by Amgen in the Company’s Common Stock and could receive up to $617 million in option payments and development, regulatory and sales milestone payments. The Company is further eligible to receive single-digit royalties for sales of products under the ARO-AMG1 agreement and up to low double-digit royalties for sales of products under the AMG 890 (ARO-LPA) Agreement.  On August 1, 2018, the Company announced that it had earned a $10 million milestone payment from Amgen following the administration of the first dose of AMG 890 (ARO-LPA) in a phase 1 clinical study.  This milestone payment was recognized as revenue during the year ended September 30, 2018.

The Company continues to develop other clinical candidates for future clinical trials. Clinical candidates are tested internally and through GLP toxicology studies at outside laboratories.  Drug materials for such studies and clinical trials are contracted to third-party manufacturers when cGMP production is required.  The Company engages third-party contract research organizations (CROs) to manage clinical trials and works collaboratively with such organizations on all aspects of clinical trial management, including plan design, patient recruiting, and follow up.  These outside costs, relating to the preparation for and administration of clinical trials, are referred to as “program costs”.  If the clinical candidates progress through human testing, program costs will increase.  

Net income was $23.9 million for the three months ended March 31, 2019 as compared to a net loss of $14.9 million for the three months ended March 31, 2018.  Net income was $35.9 million for the six months ended March 31, 2019 as compared to a net loss of $28.1 million for the six months ended March 31, 2018.  Net income per share – diluted was $0.24 for the three months ended March 31, 2019 as compared to net loss per share - diluted of $0.18 for the three months ended March 31, 2018.  Net income per share – diluted was $0.37 for the six months ended March 31, 2019 as compared to net loss per share - diluted of $0.35 for the six months ended March 31, 2018.  An increase in revenue from the license and collaboration agreements with Janssen was the driver of the increase in net income and net income per share, as discussed further below.

Additionally, the Company strengthened its liquidity and financial position through the Janssen License Agreement, Janssen Collaboration Agreement and JJDC Stock Purchase Agreement, executed in October 2018.  Under the terms of the agreements taken together, the Company has received $175 million as an upfront payment, $75 million in the form of an equity investment by JJDC in Arrowhead common stock.  Additionally, in April 2019, the Company earned a $25 million milestone payment from Janssen following the initiation of dosing in a new triple combination cohort (cohort 12) in the Company’s ongoing Phase 1 / 2 study of JNJ-3989 (ARO-HBV).   These cash proceeds secure the funding needed to continue to advance our pipeline candidates. The Company had $161.6 million of cash and cash equivalents, $56.6 million in short-term investments, $67.5 million of long term investments and $333.9 million of total assets as of March 31, 2019, as compared to $30.1 million, $46.4 million, $0 million and $111.6 million as of September 30, 2018, respectively. Based upon the Company’s current cash and investment resources and operating plan, the Company expects to have sufficient liquidity to fund operations for at least the next twelve months.

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Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

Management makes certain judgments and uses certain estimates and assumptions when applying GAAP in the preparation of our Consolidated Financial Statements. We evaluate our estimates and judgments on an ongoing basis and base our estimates on historical experience and on assumptions that we believe to be reasonable under the circumstances. Our experience and assumptions form the basis for our judgments about the carrying value of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. Actual results may vary from what we anticipate and different assumptions or estimates about the future could change our reported results. We believe the following accounting policies are the most critical to us, in that they require our most difficult, subjective or complex judgments in the preparation of our consolidated financial statements. For further information, see Note 1, Organization and Significant Accounting Policies, to our Consolidated Financial Statements, which outlines our application of significant accounting policies.

Revenue Recognition

Revenue Recognition— On October 1, 2018, the Company adopted FASB Topic 606 – Revenue for Contracts from Customers which amended revenue recognition principles and provides a single, comprehensive set of criteria for revenue recognition within and across all industries. The Company’s adoption of the new revenue standard did not have a material impact on its Consolidated Financial Statements.  The Company has not yet achieved commercial sales of its drug candidates to date, however, the new standard is applicable to the Company’s ongoing licensing and collaboration agreements, including those with Amgen and Janssen, and the analysis of the impact of this guidance on those agreements is discussed further below.    

The new revenue standard provides a five-step framework for recognizing revenue as control of promised goods or services is transferred to a customer at an amount that reflects the consideration to which the entity expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. To determine revenue recognition for arrangements that the Company determines are within the scope of the new revenue standard, the Company performs the following five steps: (i) identify the contract; (ii) identify the performance obligations; (iii) determine the transaction price; (iv) allocate the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract; and (v) recognize revenue when (or as) the Company satisfies a performance obligation.  At contract inception, the Company assesses whether the goods or services promised within each contract are distinct and, therefore, represent a separate performance obligation, or whether they are not distinct and are combined with other goods and services until a distinct bundle is identified.  The Company then determines the transaction price, which typically includes upfront payments and any variable consideration that the Company determines is probable to not cause a significant reversal in the amount of cumulative revenue recognized when the uncertainty associated with the variable consideration is resolved.  The Company then allocates the transaction price to each performance obligation and recognizes the associated revenue when (or as) each performance obligation is satisfied.

The Company recognizes the transaction price allocated to upfront license payments as revenue upon delivery of the license to the customer and resulting ability of the customer to use and benefit from the license, if the license is determined to be distinct from the other performance obligations identified in the contract.  These other performance obligations are typically to perform research and development services for the customer, often times relating to the candidate that the customer is licensing.  If the license is not considered to be distinct from other performance obligations, the Company assesses the nature of the combined performance obligation to determine whether the combined performance obligation is satisfied at a point in time or over time.  If the performance obligation is satisfied over time, the Company then determines the appropriate method of measuring progress for purposes of recognizing revenue from license payments.  The Company evaluates the measure of progress each reporting period and, if necessary, adjusts the related revenue recognition.  

Typically, the Company’s collaboration agreements entitle it to additional payments upon the achievement of milestones or royalties on sales. The milestones are generally categorized into three types: development milestones, generally based on the initiation of toxicity studies or clinical trials; regulatory milestones, generally based on the submission, filing or approval of regulatory applications such as a Clinical Trial Application (CTA) or NDA in the United States; and sales-based milestones, generally based on meeting specific thresholds of sales in certain geographic areas. The Company evaluates whether it is probable that the consideration associated with each milestone or royalty will not be subject to a significant reversal in the cumulative amount of revenue recognized. Amounts that meet this threshold are included in the transaction price using the most likely amount method, whereas amounts that do not meet this threshold are excluded from the transaction price until they meet this threshold. At the end of each subsequent reporting period, the Company re-evaluates the probability of a significant reversal of the cumulative revenue recognized for our milestones and royalties, and, if necessary, adjusts its estimate of the overall transaction price.  Any such adjustments are recorded on a cumulative catch-up basis, which would affect revenues and net income in our Consolidated Statement of Operations and Comprehensive Income (Loss).  Typically, milestone payments and royalties are achieved after the Company’s performance obligations associated with the collaboration agreements have been completed and after the customer has assumed responsibility for the respective clinical or pre-clinical program.  Thus, the milestone or royalty payments are recognized as revenue in the period the milestone or royalty was achieved. If a milestone payment is achieved during the performance period, the milestone payment would be recognized as revenue to the extent performance had been completed at that point, and the remaining balance would be recorded as deferred revenue.  

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The new revenue standard requires the Company to assess whether a significant financing component exists in determining the transaction price.  The Company performs this assessment at the onset of its licensing or collaboration agreements.  Typically, a significant financing component does not exist because the customer is paying for a license or services in advance with an upfront payment.  Additionally, future royalty payments are not substantially within the control of the Company or the customer.  

The new revenue standard requires the Company to allocate the arrangement consideration on a relative standalone selling price basis for each performance obligation after determining the transaction price of the contract and identifying the performance obligations to which that amount should be allocated. The relative standalone selling price is defined in the new revenue standard as the price at which an entity would sell a promised good or service separately to a customer. If other observable transactions in which the Company has sold the same performance obligation separately are not available, the Company estimates the standalone selling price of each performance obligation. Key assumptions to determine the standalone selling price may include forecasted revenues, development timelines, reimbursement rates for personnel costs, discount rates and probabilities of technical and regulatory success.

Whenever the Company determines that goods or services promised in a contract should be accounted for as a combined performance obligation over time, the Company determines the period over which the performance obligations will be performed and revenue will be recognized. Revenue is recognized using the proportional performance method. Labor hours are typically used as the measure of performance. Significant management judgment is required in determining the level of effort required under an arrangement and the period over which the Company is expected to complete its performance obligations.  If the Company determines that the performance obligation is satisfied over time, any upfront payment received is initially recorded as deferred revenue on the Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheets.  

Certain judgments affect the application of the Company’s revenue recognition policy. For example, the Company records short-term and long-term deferred revenue based on its best estimate of when such revenue will be recognized. Short-term deferred revenue consists of amounts that are expected to be recognized as revenue in the next 12 months, and long-term deferred revenue consists of amounts that the Company does not expect will be recognized in the next 12 months. This estimate is based on the Company’s current operating plan and, if the Company’s operating plan should change in the future, the Company may recognize a different amount of deferred revenue over the next 12-month period.

Impairment of Long-lived Assets

We review long-lived assets for impairment whenever events or changes in business circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of assets may not be fully recoverable or that our assumptions about the useful lives of these assets are no longer appropriate. If impairment is indicated, recoverability is measured by a comparison of the carrying amount of an asset to the estimated undiscounted future cash flows expected to be generated by the asset. If the carrying amount of an asset exceeds its estimated future cash flows, an impairment charge is recognized in the amount by which the carrying amount of the asset exceeds the fair value of the asset.

Impairment of Intangible assets

Intangible assets consist of a license agreement and patents acquired in conjunction with a business or asset acquisition. Intangible assets are monitored for potential impairment whenever events or circumstances indicate that the carrying amount may not be recoverable and are also reviewed annually to determine whether any impairment is necessary. Based on ASU 2012-02, the annual review of intangible assets is performed via a two-step process. First, a qualitative assessment is performed to determine if it is more likely than not that the intangible asset is impaired. If required, a quantitative assessment is performed and, if necessary, impairment is recorded.

Stock-Based Compensation

We account for stock-based compensation arrangements in accordance with FASB ASC 718, which requires the measurement and recognition of compensation expense for all share-based payment awards to be based on estimated fair values. The Company uses the Black-Scholes option valuation model to estimate the fair value of its stock options at the date of grant. The Black-Scholes option valuation model requires the input of subjective assumptions to calculate the value of stock options. For restricted stock units, the value of the award is based on the Company’s stock price at the grant date.  For performance-based restricted stock unit awards, the value of the award is based on the Company’s stock price at the grant date with consideration given to the probability of the performance condition being achieved.  The Company uses historical data and other information to estimate the expected price volatility for stock option awards and the expected forfeiture rate for all awards.  Expense is recognized over the vesting period for all awards and commences at the grant date for time-based awards and upon the Company’s determination that the achievement of such performance conditions is probable for performance-based awards. This determination requires significant judgement by management.

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Contingent Consideration

The consideration for our acquisitions often includes future payments that are contingent upon the occurrence of a particular event.  For example, milestone payments might be based on progress of clinical development, the achievement of various regulatory approvals or future sales milestones, and royalty payments might be based on drug product sales levels. The Company records a contingent consideration obligation for such contingent payments at fair value on the acquisition date. The Company estimates the fair value of contingent consideration obligations through valuation models designed to estimate the probability of the occurrence of such contingent payments based on various assumptions and incorporating estimated success rates.  Estimated payments are discounted using present value techniques to arrive at estimated fair value at the balance sheet date. Changes in the fair value of our contingent consideration obligations are recognized within our Consolidated Statements of Operations. Changes in the fair value of the contingent consideration obligations can result from changes to one or multiple inputs, including adjustments to the discount rates, changes in the amount or timing of expected expenditures associated with product development, changes in the amount or timing of cash flows from products upon commercialization, changes in the assumed achievement or timing of any development milestones, changes in the probability of certain clinical events and changes in the assumed probability associated with regulatory approval. These fair value measurements are based on significant inputs not observable in the market. Substantial judgment is employed in determining the appropriateness of these assumptions as of the acquisition date and for each subsequent period. Accordingly, changes in assumptions could have a material impact on the amount of contingent consideration expense the Company records in any given period.

Results of Operations

The following data summarizes our results of operations for the following periods indicated:

The increase in our Revenue during the three and six months ended March 31, 2019 was driven by the revenue recognized from our agreements with Janssen and JJDC which were executed in October 2018.  This increase in Revenue was also the key driver of the increase in our Operating Income, Net Income and Net Income per Share.  

Revenue

Total revenue was $48,148,275 for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and $650,125 for the three months ended March 31, 2018.  Total revenue was $82,806,171 for the six months ended March 31, 2019 and $4,159,946 for the six months ended March 31, 2018.  Revenue in the current period is primarily related to the recognition of a portion of the $226.3 million initial transaction price associated with our agreements with Janssen and JJDC as we achieved progress toward completing our performance obligations within those agreements.  Revenue in the previous period was primarily related to the upfront payments received from Amgen in 2016 that we recognized as Revenue as performance was completed for the AMG 890 (ARO-LPA) and ARO-AMG1 Agreements.  

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Amgen Inc.

On September 28, 2016, the Company entered into two Collaboration and License agreements, and a Common Stock Purchase Agreement with Amgen Inc., a Delaware corporation (“Amgen”). Under one of the license agreements (the “Second Collaboration and License Agreement” or “AMG 890 (ARO-LPA) Agreement”), Amgen has received a worldwide, exclusive license to Arrowhead’s novel, RNAi ARO-LPA program. These RNAi molecules are designed to reduce elevated lipoprotein(a), which is a genetically validated, independent risk factor for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Under the other license agreement (the “First Collaboration and License Agreement” or “ARO-AMG1 Agreement”), Amgen received an option to a worldwide, exclusive license for ARO-AMG1, an RNAi therapy for an undisclosed genetically validated cardiovascular target. In both agreements, Amgen is wholly responsible for clinical development and commercialization. Under the Common Stock Purchase Agreement, the Company has sold 3,002,793 shares of Common Stock to Amgen at a price of $7.16 per share. Subject to Amgen’s exercise of the Option, as defined in the ARO-AMG1 Agreement, Amgen has agreed to purchase, and the Company has agreed to sell, an additional $5 million worth of shares of Common Stock based on a 30 trading day formula surrounding the date of the Option exercise. Under the terms of the agreements taken together, the Company has received $35 million in upfront payments, $21.5 million in the form of an equity investment by Amgen in the Company’s Common Stock and could receive up to $617 million in option payments, and development, regulatory and sales milestone payments. The Company is further eligible to receive single-digit royalties for sales of products under the ARO-AMG1 Agreement and up to low double-digit royalties for sales of products under the AMG 890 (ARO-LPA) Agreement.

The Company has evaluated these agreements in accordance with the new revenue recognition requirements that became effective for the Company on October 1, 2018.  The adoption of the new revenue standard did not have a material impact on the balances reported when evaluated under the superseded revenue standard.  During the year ended September 30, 2018, the Company substantially completed its performance obligations under the AMG 890 (ARO-LPA) Agreement and the ARO-AMG1 Agreement.  Future milestones and royalties achieved will be recognized in their entirety when earned.  During the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, the Company recognized $0.3 million and $0.7 million of Revenue associated with its agreements with Amgen, respectively.  During the six months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, the Company recognized $0.3 million and $4.2 million of Revenue associated with its agreements with Amgen, respectively.  As of March 31, 2019 there was $0.1 million of contract assets, and $0 million of contract liabilities recorded as current deferred revenue on the Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheets.                             

Janssen Pharmaceuticals, Inc.

On October 3, 2018, the Company entered into a License Agreement (“Janssen License Agreement”) and a Research Collaboration and Option Agreement (“Janssen Collaboration Agreement”) with Janssen Pharmaceuticals, Inc.  (“Janssen”) part of the Janssen Pharmaceutical Companies of Johnson & Johnson.  The Company also entered into a Stock Purchase Agreement (“JJDC Stock Purchase Agreement”) with Johnson & Johnson Innovation-JJDC, Inc.  (“JJDC”), a New Jersey corporation.  Under the Janssen License Agreement, Janssen has received a worldwide, exclusive license to the Company’s JNJ-3989 (ARO-HBV) program, the Company’s third-generation subcutaneously administered RNAi therapeutic candidate being developed as a potentially curative therapy for patients with chronic hepatitis B virus infection. Beyond the Company’s ongoing Phase 1 / 2 study of JNJ-3989 (ARO-HBV), Janssen will be wholly responsible for clinical development and commercialization.  Under the Janssen Collaboration Agreement, Janssen will be able to select three new targets against which Arrowhead will develop clinical candidates.  These candidates are subject to certain restrictions and will not include candidates in the Company’s current pipeline.  The Company will perform discovery, optimization and preclinical development, entirely funded by Janssen, sufficient to allow the filing of a U.S. Investigational New Drug application or equivalent, at which time Janssen will have the option to take an exclusive license. If the option is exercised, Janssen will be wholly responsible for clinical development and commercialization of each optioned candidate.  Under the JJDC Stock Purchase Agreement, in October 2018 the Company sold 3,260,869 shares of common stock to JJDC at a price of $23.00 per share.  Under the terms of the agreements taken together, the Company has received $175 million as an upfront payment, $75 million in the form of an equity investment by JJDC in Arrowhead common stock, and may receive up to $1.6 billion in development and sales milestones payments for the Janssen License Agreement, and up to $1.9 billion in development and sales milestone payments for the three additional targets covered under the Janssen Collaboration Agreement.  The Company is further eligible to receive tiered royalties up to mid teens under the Janssen License Agreement and up to low teens under the Janssen Collaboration Agreement on product sales.   In April 2019, the Company earned a $25 million milestone payment from Janssen following the initiation of dosing in a new triple combination cohort (cohort 12) in the Company’s ongoing Phase 1 / 2 study of JNJ-3989 (ARO-HBV).  

The Company has evaluated these agreements in accordance with the new revenue recognition requirements that became effective for the Company on October 1, 2018.  The adoption of the new revenue standard did not have a material impact on the balances reported when evaluated under the superseded revenue standard.  At the inception of these agreements, the Company has identified one distinct performance obligation.  Regarding the Janssen License Agreement, the Company determined that the key deliverables included the license and certain R&D services including the Company’s responsibility to complete the ongoing Phase 1 / 2 study of JNJ-3989 (ARO-HBV) and the Company’s responsibility to ensure certain manufacturing of ARO-HBV drug product is

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completed and delivered to Janssen (the “Janssen R&D Services”).  Due to the specialized and unique nature of these Janssen R&D services, and their direct relationship with the license, the Company determined that these deliverables represent one distinct bundle and thus, one performance obligation.  The Company also determined that Janssen’s option to require the Company to develop up to three new targets is not a material right, and thus, not a performance obligation at the onset of the agreement.  The consideration for this option will be accounted for if and when it is exercised.

The Company determined the transaction price totaled approximately $226.3 million which includes the upfront payment, the premium paid by JJDC for its equity investment in the Company, the first $25 million milestone payment earned and estimated payments for reimbursable Janssen R&D services to be performed.  The Company has allocated the total $226.3 million initial transaction price to its one distinct performance obligation for the JNJ-3989 (ARO-HBV) license and the associated Janssen R&D Services.  This revenue will be recognized using a proportional performance method (based on actual labor hours versus estimated total labor hours) beginning in October 2018 and ending as the Company’s efforts in overseeing the ongoing phase 1 / 2 clinical trial are completed.  During the three and six months ended March 31, 2019, the Company recognized approximately $47.9 million and $82.5 million of Revenue associated with its agreements with Janssen and JJDC, respectively.  As of March 31, 2019 there were $13.3 million of contract assets recorded as accounts receivable, and $120.6 million of contract liabilities recorded as current deferred revenue and long-term deferred revenue on the Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheets.  The $13.3 million of accounts receivable is driven by reimbursable costs incurred for the Janssen R&D Services and the recognition of a portion of the $25 million milestone earned in April 2019 based on performance completed as of March 31, 2019, and the $120.6 million of current and long-term deferred revenue is driven by the upfront payment and premium paid by JJDC for its equity investment in the Company, net of revenue recognized in the period.                                                     

Operating Expenses

The analysis below details the operating expenses and discusses the expenditures of the Company within the major expense categories. Certain reclassifications have been made to prior-period operating expense categories to conform to the current period presentation.  For purposes of comparison, the amounts for the three and six months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018 are shown in the tables below.

Research and Development Expenses

R&D expenses are related to the Company’s research and development efforts, and related program costs which are comprised primarily of outsourced costs related to the manufacturing of clinical supplies, toxicity/efficacy studies and clinical trial expenses.  Internal costs primarily relate to operations at our research facility in Madison, Wisconsin, including facility costs and laboratory-related expenses. Salaries and stock compensation expense consist of salary, bonuses, payroll taxes and related benefits and stock compensation for our R&D personnel.  Depreciation and amortization expense relates to depreciation on lab equipment and leasehold improvements at our Madison research facility.  The following table provides details of research and development expense for the periods indicated:

(in thousands)

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