ARTESIAN RESOURCES CORP - Annual Report: 2020 (Form 10-K)

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C.  20549

FORM 10-K

☒           ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE

SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2020

OR

☐          TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE

SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

Commission file number 000-18516

ARTESIAN RESOURCES CORPORATION

 (Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

664 Churchmans Road, Newark, Delaware 19702

  

Address of principal executive offices

(302) 453 – 6900

  

Registrant's telephone number, including area code

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act:   None

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act.

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act.

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data file required to be submitted  pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§ 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit  such files).

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company.  See the definitions of "large accelerated filer," "accelerated filer," "smaller reporting company," and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12(b)-2 of the Exchange Act.

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. o

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Exchange Act Rule 12b-2).

The aggregate market value of the Class A Non-Voting Common Stock and Class B Common Stock held by non-affiliates of the registrant at June 30, 2020 was $294,467,185 and $8,901,771, respectively.  The aggregate market value of Class A Non-Voting Common Stock was computed by reference to the closing price of such class as reported on the Nasdaq Global Select Market on June 30, 2020, which trade date was June 30, 2020.  The aggregate market value of Class B Common Stock was computed by reference to the last reported trade of such class as reported on the OTC Bulletin Board as of June 30, 2020, which trade date was June 26, 2020.

As of March 9, 2021, 8,479,730 shares of Class A Non-Voting Common Stock and 881,452 shares of Class B Common Stock were outstanding.

ARTESIAN RESOURCES CORPORATION

TABLE OF CONTENTS

FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

Statements in this Annual Report on Form 10-K which express our “belief,” “anticipation” or “expectation,” as well as other statements which are not historical fact, are forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, or the Exchange Act and the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 and involve risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially from those projected.  Words such as “expects”, “anticipates”, “intends”, “plans”, “believes”, “seeks”, “estimates”, “projects”, “forecasts”, “may”, “should”, variations of such words and similar expressions are intended to identify such forward-looking statements.  They include, but are not limited to, the statements below:

-	the specific and overall impacts of the COVID-19 global pandemic on our financial condition and results of operations;

-	strategic plans for goals, priorities, growth and expansion;

-	expectations for our water and wastewater subsidiaries and non-regulated subsidiaries;

-	customer base growth opportunities in Delaware and Cecil County, Maryland;

-	our belief regarding our capacity to provide water services for the foreseeable future to our customers;

-	our belief relating to our compliance and the cost to achieve compliance with relevant governmental regulations;

-	our expectation of the timing of decisions by regulatory authorities;

-	the impact of weather on our operations;

-	the execution of our strategic initiatives;

-	our expectation regarding the timing for construction on new projects;

-	the adoption of recent accounting pronouncements;

-	contract operations opportunities;

-	legal proceedings;

-	our properties;

-	deferred tax assets;

-	the adequacy of our available sources of financing;

-	the expected recovery of expenses related to our long-term debt;

-	our expectation to be in compliance with financial covenants in our debt instruments;

-	our ability to refinance our debt as it comes due;

-	our ability to adjust our debt level, interest rate, maturity schedule and structure;

-	the timing and terms of renewals of our lines of credit;

-	plans to increase our wastewater treatment operations, engineering services and other revenue streams less affected by weather;

-	expected future contributions to our postretirement benefit plan;

-	anticipated growth in our non-regulated division;

-	the impact of recent acquisitions on our ability to expand and foster relationships;

-	anticipated investments in certain of our facilities and systems and the sources of funding for such investments; and

-	sufficiency of internally generated funds and credit facilities to provide working capital and our liquidity needs.

Certain factors, as discussed under Item 1A - Risk Factors, that could cause results to differ materially from those in the forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to:

-	changes in weather;

-	changes in our contractual obligations;

-	changes in government policies;

-	the timing and results of our rate requests;

-	failure to receive regulatory approvals;

-	changes in economic and market conditions generally;

-	unexpected events, restrictions and policies related to a public health crisis, including the COVID-19 pandemic; and

-	other matters discussed elsewhere in this annual report.

While the Company may elect to update forward-looking statements, we specifically disclaim any obligation to do so, except as may be required under applicable securities laws, and you should not rely on any forward-looking statement as a representation of the Company’s views as of any date subsequent to the date of the filing of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

PART I

ITEM 1. BUSINESS

General Information

Artesian Resources Corporation, or Artesian Resources, is a Delaware corporation incorporated in 1927, that operates as the holding company of eight wholly-owned subsidiaries offering water, wastewater and other services in Delaware, Maryland and Pennsylvania.  The Company’s principal executive offices are located at 664 Churchmans Road, Newark, Delaware 19702.  Our principal subsidiary, Artesian Water Company, Inc., is the oldest and largest investor-owned public water utility on the Delmarva Peninsula, and has been providing superior water service since 1905.  We distribute and sell water, including water for public and private fire protection, to residential, commercial, industrial, municipal and utility customers in the states of Delaware, Maryland and Pennsylvania.  We provide wastewater services to customers in Delaware. In addition, we provide contract water and wastewater operations, and water, sewer and internal Service Line Protection Plans. Our Class A Non-Voting Common Stock is listed on the Nasdaq Global Select Market and trades under the symbol "ARTNA."  Our Class B Common Stock trades on the Nasdaq's OTC Bulletin Board under the symbol “ARTNB.”

Artesian Resources operates as the parent holding company of five regulated public utilities: Artesian Water Company, Inc., or Artesian Water, Artesian Water Pennsylvania, Inc., or Artesian Water Pennsylvania, Artesian Water Maryland, Inc., or Artesian Water Maryland, Artesian Wastewater Management, Inc., or Artesian Wastewater, and Artesian Wastewater Maryland, Inc., or Artesian Wastewater Maryland; and three non-regulated subsidiaries: Artesian Utility Development, Inc., or Artesian Utility, Artesian Development Corporation, or Artesian Development, and Artesian Storm Water Services, Inc., or Artesian Storm Water.  The terms "we," "our," “Artesian,” and the "Company" as used herein refer to Artesian Resources and its subsidiaries.  The business activity conducted by each of our subsidiaries is discussed below under separate headings.

Our Market

Our current market area is the Delmarva Peninsula.  Our largest service area is in the State of Delaware.  Substantial portions of Delaware, particularly outside of northern New Castle County, are not served by a public water or wastewater system and represent potential opportunities for Artesian Water and Artesian Wastewater to obtain new exclusive franchised service areas.  We continue to focus resources on developing and serving existing service territories and obtaining new territories throughout Delaware.

We hold Certificates of Public Convenience and Necessity, or CPCNs, for approximately 298 square miles of exclusive water service territory, most of which is in Delaware and some in Maryland and Pennsylvania.  We hold CPCN’s for approximately 30 square miles of wastewater service territory located in Sussex County, Delaware.  Our largest connected regional water system, consisting of approximately 141 square miles and 77,200 metered customers, is located in northern New Castle County and portions of southern New Castle County, Delaware.  A significant portion of our exclusive service territory is in Sussex County, Delaware and remains undeveloped, and if and when development occurs and there is population growth in these areas, we will increase our customer base by providing water and/or wastewater service to the newly developed areas and new customers.

Subsidiaries

Artesian Water, our principal subsidiary, distributes and sells water to residential, commercial, industrial, governmental, municipal and utility customers throughout the State of Delaware.  In addition, Artesian Water provides services to other water utilities, including operations and billing functions, and has contract operation agreements with private and municipal water providers.  Artesian Water also provides water for public and private fire protection to customers in our service territories.  Artesian Water produced approximately 86% of our 2020 consolidated operating revenues.

We derive about 91% of our self-supplied groundwater from wells that pump groundwater from aquifers and other formations located in the Atlantic Coastal Plain.  The remaining 9% of our groundwater supply comes from wells in the Piedmont Province.  We use a variety of treatment methods, including aeration, pH adjustment, chlorination, fluoridation, ultra violet oxidation, arsenic removal, nitrate removal, radium removal, iron removal, and carbon adsorption to meet federal, state and local water quality standards.  Additionally, a corrosion inhibitor is added to all of our self-supplied groundwater and most of the supply from interconnections.  We have 59 different water treatment facilities in our Delaware systems.  All water supplies that we purchase from neighboring utilities are potable.  

Most of our New Castle County, Delaware water system is interconnected.  In the remainder of the State of Delaware, we have several satellite systems that have not yet been connected by transmission and distribution facilities.  We intend to join these systems into larger integrated regional systems through the construction of a transmission and distribution network as development continues and our expansion efforts provide us with contiguous exclusive service territories.

In Delaware, we have 23 interconnections with two neighboring water utilities and seven municipalities that provide us with the ability to purchase or sell water.  An interconnection agreement with Chester Water Authority has a "take or pay" clause requiring us to purchase 1.095 billion gallons annually.  The Chester Water Authority agreement expires December 31, 2021, and we do not intend to extend the term of the agreement under its existing terms.

As of December 31, 2020, we were serving customers through approximately 1,368 miles of transmission and distribution mains.  Mains range in diameter from two inches to twenty-four inches, and most of the mains are made of ductile iron or cast iron.

We have 30 storage tanks in Delaware, most of which are elevated, providing total system storage of 42 million gallons. We have developed and are using an Aquifer Storage and Recovery, or ASR, system in New Castle County, Delaware.  Our ASR system provides approximately 130 million gallons of storage capacity, which can be withdrawn at an average rate of approximately 1 mgd.  At some locations, we rely on hydropneumatic tanks to maintain adequate system pressures.  Where possible, we combine our smaller satellite systems with systems having elevated storage facilities.

Artesian Water Maryland began operations in August 2007.  Artesian Water Maryland distributes and sells water to residential, commercial, industrial and municipal customers in Cecil County, Maryland.  Artesian Water Maryland owns and operates 9 public water systems.

In Maryland, we have one interconnection with the Artesian Water system in Delaware, one interconnection with a neighboring utility, and four interconnections with municipalities.  These interconnections are capable of providing over 3.0 mgd of water to our Maryland systems.

Artesian Water Pennsylvania began operations in 2002.  It provides water service to a residential community in Chester County, Pennsylvania.

Artesian Wastewater began providing wastewater services in Sussex County, Delaware in July 2005.  Artesian Wastewater is a regulated entity that owns wastewater collection and treatment infrastructure and provides wastewater services to customers in Delaware as a regulated public wastewater service company.

Artesian Wastewater owns and operates four wastewater treatment facilities, which are permitted to treat approximately 500,000 gallons per day.  Artesian Wastewater and Sussex County, a political subdivision of Delaware, provide reciprocal services to address the periodic need of each for additional wastewater treatment and disposal capacity in certain service areas within Sussex County.  There are numerous locations in Sussex County where Artesian Wastewater’s and Sussex County’s facilities are capable of being connected or integrated to allow for the movement and disposal of wastewater generated by one or the other’s system in a manner that most efficiently and cost effectively manages wastewater transmission, treatment and disposal.  Artesian Wastewater received an operations permit in March 2020 for a disposal facility that includes a 90 million gallon storage lagoon and spray irrigation to agricultural land.  This facility will be used to provide treated process wastewater disposal services for an industrial customer at a rate of approximately 1.5 million gallons per day.  We will begin operating this facility once the industrial customer receives their process wastewater treatment operating permit.

Artesian Utility was formed in 1996 and designs and builds water and wastewater infrastructure and provides contract water and wastewater operation services on the Delmarva Peninsula to private, municipal and governmental institutions.  Artesian Utility also evaluates land parcels, provides recommendations to developers on the size of water or wastewater facilities and the type of technology that should be used for treatment at such facilities, and operates water and wastewater facilities in Delaware for municipal and governmental agencies.  Artesian Utility also contracts with developers and government agencies for design and construction of wastewater infrastructure within the Delmarva Peninsula.  In addition, as further discussed below, Artesian Utility operates the Water Service Line Protection Plan, or WSLP Plan, the Sewer Service Line Protection Plan, or SSLP Plan, and the Internal Service Line Protection Plan, or ISLP Plan.

Artesian Utility currently operates wastewater treatment facilities for the town of Middletown, in southern New Castle County, Delaware, or Middletown, under a 20-year contract that expires in July 2039.  The Company has been operating these facilities, which currently include two wastewater treatment stations with a combined capacity of up to approximately 2.8 mgd and the related wastewater disposal facilities, since 1998.  The wastewater treatment facilities in Middletown provide reclaimed wastewater for use in spray irrigation on public and agricultural lands in the area.

Artesian Utility also offers three protection plans to customers, the WSLP Plan, the SSLP Plan, and the ISLP Plan. The WSLP Plan covers all parts, material and labor required to repair or replace participating customers' leaking water service lines up to an annual limit. The SSLP Plan covers all parts, material and labor required to repair or replace participating customers' leaking or clogged sewer lines up to an annual limit.  The ISLP Plan enhances available coverage to include water and wastewater lines within customers' residences.

Artesian Development is a real estate holding company that owns properties, including land approved for office buildings, a water treatment plant and wastewater facility, as well as property for current operations, including an office facility in Sussex County, Delaware.  The facility consists of approximately 10,000 square feet of office space along with nearly 10,000 square feet of warehouse space.

Government Regulations

The Company is subject to federal, state and local laws and regulations in all of the jurisdictions in which it operates.

These regulations include state commissions orders, environmental protection, securities and exchange activities, including financial reporting and internal controls processes, data protection and privacy, tax compliance, health and safety, labor and employment practices, and other general business activities.

Our water and wastewater utility operations are subject to regulation by their respective state regulatory commissions, which have broad administrative power and authority to regulate rates charged for service, determine franchise areas and conditions of service, approve acquisitions, authorize the issuance of securities and other matters.  The profitability of our utility operations is influenced, to a great extent, by the timeliness and adequacy of regulatory relief we are granted by the respective regulatory commissions or authorities in the states in which we operate.  See Note 13 to our Consolidated Financial Statements for a full description of recent regulatory proceedings.

In Delaware, a Certificate of Public Convenience and Necessity, or CPCN, grants a water or wastewater company the exclusive right to serve all existing and new customers within a designated area.  The Delaware Public Service Commission, or DEPSC, has the authority to issue and revoke these CPCNs.  In this Form 10-K, we may refer to CPCNs as "franchises" or "service territories."

For a water company, the DEPSC may grant a CPCN under circumstances where there has been a determination that the water in the proposed service area does not meet the regulations governing drinking water standards of the State Division of Public Health for human consumption or where the supply is insufficient to meet the projected demand.  For a wastewater company, the DEPSC has jurisdiction over non-governmental wastewater utilities having fifty or more customers in the aggregate.  A CPCN for water and wastewater utilities shall be granted by the DEPSC to applicants in possession of one of the following:

-	a signed service agreement with the developer of a proposed subdivision or development, which subdivision or development has been duly approved by the respective county government;

-	a petition requesting such service signed by a majority of the landowners of the proposed territory to be served; or

-	a duly certified copy of a resolution from the governing body of a county or municipality requesting the applicant to provide service to the proposed territory to be served.

A water or wastewater utility that has a CPCN must obtain the approval of the DEPSC to abandon a service territory.  Once a CPCN is granted to a water or wastewater utility, it may not be suspended or terminated unless the DEPSC determines in accordance with its rules and regulations that good cause exists for any such suspension or termination.  Although we have been granted an exclusive franchise for each of our existing water and wastewater systems in Delaware, our ability to expand service areas can be affected by the DEPSC awarding franchises to other regulated water or wastewater utilities with whom we compete for such franchises.

In Maryland, the Company must obtain approval from the appropriate local government authority for the ability to serve a particular area and also ensure that the acquired area is in the county’s master water and sewer plan.  The authority to exercise a franchise must then be obtained from the Maryland Public Service Commission, or MDPSC.  Utilities that seek to develop a franchise by constructing new facilities must obtain appropriate approvals from the Maryland Department of the Environment, the local government and the MDPSC.  The utility must also obtain approval for soil and erosion plans and easement agreements from appropriate parties.

The United States Environmental Protection Agency, or the EPA, the Delaware Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Control, or DNREC, and the Delaware Division of Public Health, or DPH, regulate the water quality of our treatment and distribution systems in Delaware, as do the EPA and the Maryland Department of the Environment, or MDE, with respect to our operations in Maryland.  The Chester Water Authority, which supplies water to Artesian Water through an interconnection in northern New Castle County, is regulated by the Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection, as well as the EPA.  We believe that we are in material compliance with all current federal, state and local water quality standards, including regulations under the federal Safe Drinking Water Act. However, if new water quality regulations are too costly, or if we fail to comply with such regulations, it could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition, results of operations and planned capital investments.

The water industry is capital intensive, with one of the highest levels of capital investment in plant and equipment per dollar of revenue among all utilities.  Increasingly stringent drinking water regulations to meet the requirements of the Safe Drinking Water Act have required the water industry to invest in more advanced treatment systems and processes, which require a heightened level of expertise.  Significant enhancements were made to existing facilities to effectively treat and remove compounds as required by government agencies, such as ultra violet oxidation treatment, ceramic membrane filtration and carbon filtration.  We are currently in full compliance with the requirements of the Safe Drinking Water Act.  Even though our water utility was founded in 1905, the majority of our investment in infrastructure occurred in the last 40 years.

As required by the Safe Drinking Water Act, the EPA has established maximum contaminant levels for various substances found in drinking water to ensure that the water is safe for human consumption.  These limits are known as Maximum Contaminant Levels and Maximum Residual Disinfection Levels.  The EPA also regulates how often public water systems monitor their water for contaminants and report the monitoring results to the individual state agencies or the EPA.  Generally, the larger the population served by a water system, the more frequent the monitoring and reporting requirements.  The Safe Drinking Water Act applies to all 50 states.

The DPH has set maximum contaminant levels for certain substances that are more restrictive than the maximum contaminant levels set by the EPA.  The DPH is the EPA's agent for enforcing the Safe Drinking Water Act in Delaware and, in that capacity, monitors the activities of Artesian Water and reviews the results of water quality tests performed by Artesian Water for adherence to applicable regulations.  Artesian Water is also subject to other laws regulating substances and contaminants in water, including rules for volatile organic compounds and the Total Coliform Rule.

A normal by-product of our iron removal treatment facilities is a solid consisting of the iron removed from untreated groundwater plus residue from chemicals used in the treatment process.  The solids produced at our facilities are either disposed directly into approved wastewater facilities or removed from our facilities by a licensed third party vendor.  A normal by-product of our carbon adsorption filtration process is exhausted carbon media, which is disposed of by the contractor providing the media replacement.  Management believes that compliance with existing federal, state or local laws and regulations regulating the discharge of materials into the environment, or otherwise relating to the protection of the environment, has no material effect upon the business and affairs of the Company, but there is no assurance that such compliance will continue to not have a material effect in the future.

Under Delaware state laws and regulations, we are required to file applications with DNREC for water allocation permits for each of our operating wells pumping greater than 50,000 gallons per day.  For any wells in the Delaware River Basin, we must also file allocation permits with the Delaware River Basin Commission, or DRBC.  We have 130 operating and 61 observation and monitoring wells in our Delaware systems.  At December 31, 2020, we had allocation permits for 111 wells and 20 wells that do not require a permit.

Our access to aquifers within our service territory is not exclusive.  Water allocation permits control the amount of water that can be drawn from water resources and are granted with specific restrictions on water level draw down limits, annual, monthly and daily pumpage limits, and well field allocation pumpage limits.  We are also subject to water allocation regulations that control the amount of water that we can draw from water sources.  As a result, if new or more restrictive water allocation regulations are imposed, they could have an adverse effect on our ability to supply the demands of our customers, and in turn, our water supply revenues and results of operations.  Our ability to supply the demands of our customers historically has not been affected by private usage of the aquifers by landowners or the limits imposed by the state of Delaware. Because of the extensive regulatory requirements relating to the withdrawal of any significant amounts of water from the aquifers, we believe that third party usage of the aquifers within our service territory will not interfere with our ability to meet the present and future demands of our customers.

The MDE ensures that water quality and quantity at all public water systems in Maryland meet the needs of the public and are in compliance with federal and state regulations. The MDE also ensures that public drinking water systems provide safe and adequate water to all current and future users in Maryland, and that appropriate usage, planning, and conservation policies are implemented for Maryland’s water resources. The MDE oversees the development of Source Water Assessments for water supplies and issues water appropriation permits for public drinking water systems.  In order to appropriate water for municipal, commercial, industrial or other non-domestic uses, a Water Appropriation Permit must be obtained.  Issuance of the permit involves evaluating the needs of the user and the potential impact of the withdrawal on neighboring users and the water source in order to maximize beneficial use of the water.  Permits for large appropriations often involve conducting pump tests to measure adequacy of an aquifer and safe yield of a well, or reviewing stream flow records to determine the adequacy of a surface water source.  Regulations require all new community water systems to have sufficient technical, managerial and financial capacity to provide safe drinking water to their consumers prior to being issued a Construction Permit.  Also, capacity management guidance contains capacity limiting factors that can include, source capacity, treatment capacity and appropriation permit quantity.  The quantity of water withdrawn from the Port Deposit surface water intake is allocated by the Susquehanna River Basin Commission, or SRBC, and MDE.  We have 14 operating wells and one surface water in-take in our Maryland systems.

The Clean Water Act has established the foundation for wastewater discharge control in the United States.  The Clean Water Act established a control program for ensuring that communities have clean water by regulating the release of contaminants into waterways.  Permits that limit the amounts of pollutants discharged are required of all wastewater dischargers under the National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System, or the NPDES, permit program.  In accordance with the NPDES permit program, the implementing states set maximum discharge limits for wastewater effluents and overflows from wastewater collection systems. Discharges that exceed the limits specified under the NPDES permit program can lead to the imposition of penalties.  The Clean Water Act also requires that wastewater treatment plant discharges meet a minimum of secondary treatment.  The secondary treatment process can remove 90% to 99% of the organic matter in wastewater.  Our removal efficiency is generally 96% to 98%.

Under Delaware state laws and regulations, we are required to hold a permit from DNREC for the construction, operation, maintenance or repair of any on-site wastewater treatment and disposal systems with daily design flow rates of 2,500 gallons or greater.  A classification on the facility is performed in accordance with Regulations Licensing Operators of Wastewater Facilities.  The class of operator required for the facility is determined by the Board of Certification for Licensed Wastewater Operations in accordance with Regulations Licensing Operators of Wastewater Facilities.  We work to ensure that we operate environmentally friendly wastewater systems that meet federal, state, and local laws.

Additional General Information

Substantially all of our water customers are metered, which allows us to measure and bill for our customers’ water consumption.  Demand for water during the warmer months is generally greater than during cooler months primarily due to additional customer requirements for water in connection with cooling systems, swimming pools, irrigation systems and other outside water use.  Throughout the year, and particularly during typically warmer months, demand for water will vary with temperature and rainfall.  In the event that temperatures during the typically warmer months are cooler than expected, or there is more rainfall than expected, the demand for water may decrease and our revenues may be adversely affected.

Our business in our franchised service areas is substantially free from direct competition with other public utilities, municipalities and other entities.  However, our ability to provide additional water and wastewater services is subject to competition from other public utilities, municipalities and other entities.  Even though our regulated utilities have been granted an exclusive franchise for each of our existing community water and wastewater systems, our ability to expand service areas can be affected by the DEPSC, the MDPSC or the Pennsylvania Public Utility Commission, or PAPUC, awarding franchises to other regulated water or wastewater utilities with whom we compete for such franchises.

 

We are highly dependent on the availability of essential materials and parts from our suppliers for expansion, construction and maintenance of our services.  The majority of the materials required for our water and wastewater utility business are under contract at fixed prices.  The COVID-19 pandemic has not had an impact on our ability to obtain materials and supplies.

We are dependent upon the ability of our suppliers and independent contractors to meet performance specifications, quality standards and delivery schedules at our anticipated costs.  While we maintain an extensive qualification and performance review system to control risk associated with such reliance on third parties, failure of suppliers or independent contractors to meet commitments could adversely affect construction and maintenance schedules.  The COVID-19 pandemic has delayed some of our construction projects, however, they have not impacted our ability to maintain our level of services to customers.  We are also dependent on the availability of electricity and purchased water at affordable prices.  Our electric costs and purchased water costs are at a fixed price under contract.

At December 31, 2020, we employed 235 full-time employees.  Of these employees, 52 were officers and managers; 113 were employed as operations personnel, including engineers, technicians, draftsman, maintenance and repair persons, meter readers and utility personnel; and 32 were employed in accounting, budgeting, information systems, human resources, customer relations and public relations.  The remaining 38 employees were administrative personnel.  The Company has no collective bargaining agreements with any of its employees, and its work force is not union organized or union represented.  We believe that our relations with our employees are good. Through ongoing employee development, competitive compensation and benefits, and a focus on health, safety and employee wellbeing, we strive to help our employees in all aspects of their lives.

We believe the Company’s success depends on its ability to attract, develop and retain key personnel.  We provide our employees with resources that contribute to their professional development, including technical training and performance reviews.  A core principle of our company is to promote from within and offer advancement opportunities at all levels of employment, which helps us retain talented employees.  We believe our management team has the experience, talent and dedication necessary to effectively execute our business goals and growth strategy.  We recognize that the skills, experience, diversity, industry knowledge and dedication of our employees significantly benefit our operations and performance.

We set pay ranges based on market data. When considering compensation, we consider factors such as an employee’s role, experience, and their performance.  We regularly review our compensation practices, both in terms of our overall workforce and individual employees, to ensure our compensation is fair and equitable.

Health and safety in the workplace for our employees is one of the Company’s core values.  Hazards in the workplace are proactively identified and actions are taken to maintain workplace safety.  We sponsor a wellness program designed to enhance physical, financial, and mental wellbeing for all our employees.  Throughout the year, we encourage healthy behaviors through regular communications, educational sessions and other incentives.  The COVID-19 pandemic has emphasized for us the importance of keeping our employees safe and healthy.  In response to the pandemic, the Company has taken actions to help protect our employees so that they can continue to perform their work in a safe and effective manner.

We use outside consultants and independent contractors on an as needed basis for various services.  We rely on our independent contractors to manage their respective employee relations so that the services they are contractually obligated to perform for us satisfy our requirements.  Management believes that through our own employees, coupled with the services provided by our independent contractors and outside consultants, we have sufficient human capital to continue to operate our business successfully.

We are a Delaware corporation with our principal executive offices located at 664 Churchmans Road, Newark, Delaware, 19702. Our telephone number is (302) 453-6900 and our website address is www.artesianresources.com.  We make available free of charge through our website our Code of Ethics, Annual Reports on Form 10-K, Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q, current reports on Form 8-K and all amendments to those reports, our Corporate Governance Guidelines, and our Board Committee Charters as soon as reasonably practicable after such material is electronically filed with or furnished to the Securities and Exchange Commission, or the SEC. We include our website address in this Annual Report on Form 10-K only as an inactive textual reference and do not intend it to be an active link to our website.  Information contained on our website shall not be deemed incorporated into, or to be a part of, this report.

We are exposed to a variety of risks and uncertainties.  Most are general risks and uncertainties applicable to all water and wastewater utility companies.  We describe below some of the specific known risk factors that could negatively affect our business, financial condition or results of operations.  If one or more of these risks or uncertainties occur, actual results may vary materially from our projections.  

Risk Related to the COVID-19 Pandemic

Our business, results of operations, financial condition, cash flows and stock price may be adversely affected by pandemics, epidemics or other public health emergencies, such as the recent outbreak of COVID-19.  In March 2020, the World Health Organization characterized COVID-19 as a pandemic, and the President of the United States declared the COVID-19 outbreak a national emergency.  The outbreak has resulted in governments around the world implementing increasingly stringent measures to help control the spread of the virus, including quarantines, “shelter in place” and “stay at home” orders, travel restrictions, business curtailments, school closures, and other measures.

We are considered an essential utility service company, as defined by the U.S. Department of Homeland Security.  Although we have continued to operate our business to date consistent with federal guidelines and state and local orders, the outbreak of COVID-19 and any preventive or protective actions taken by governmental authorities may have an adverse effect on our operations.  The extent to which COVID-19 may adversely impact our business depends on future developments, which are highly uncertain and unpredictable, depending upon the severity and duration of the outbreak and the effectiveness of actions taken to contain or mitigate its effects.  Any resulting financial impact cannot be estimated reasonably at this time, but results of operations, financial condition and cash flows could be adversely impacted.  State government agencies issued executive orders in March 2020 requiring utility companies to take a number of steps to support their customers and communities, which included prohibiting service disconnections for non-payment and prohibiting late fees.  In July 2020, the State of Delaware lifted its executive orders placing a moratorium on service disconnections for non-payment, with a provision requiring utilities to offer payment arrangements extending at least four months to customers.  After properly notifying customers, Artesian reinstated its late fee process in September 2020 and began administering service disconnections in October 2020 for its Delaware customers.  The State of Maryland and the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania lifted their executive orders placing moratoriums on service disconnections for non-payment effective November 2020.  The State of Maryland requires utilities to offer payment arrangements extending twelve months.  The Company experienced longer receivable cycles throughout 2020 and made an adjustment to increase the reserve for bad debt in the amount of $0.5 million.  Additionally, concerns over the economic impact of COVID-19 have caused extreme volatility in financial and other capital markets, which may adversely impact our stock price.  To the extent the COVID-19 pandemic adversely affects our business and financial results, it may also have the effect of heightening many of the other risks described in this report, such as those relating to our financial performance.

Risks Related to Our Operations

Wastewater collection, treatment and disposal involve various unique risks.  If collection or treatment systems fail, overflow, or do not operate properly, untreated wastewater or other contaminants could spill onto nearby properties or into nearby streams and rivers, causing damage to persons or property, injury to aquatic life and economic damages, which may not be recoverable in fees.  This risk is most acute during periods of substantial rainfall or flooding, which are common causes of sewer overflow and system failure.  Liabilities resulting from such damages and injuries could materially and adversely affect our results of operations and financial condition.

The effects of adverse U.S. economic conditions may lead to a number of impacts on our business that may materially and adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations.  Such impacts may include a reduction in discretionary and recreational water use by our residential water customers, particularly during the summer months; a decline in usage by industrial and commercial customers as a result of decreased business activity and commerce in our customers’ businesses; an increased incidence of customers’ inability, bankruptcy or delay in paying their bills which may lead to higher bad debt expense and reduced cash flow; and a lower natural customer growth rate may result as compared to what had been experienced before the economic downturn due to a decline in new housing starts and a possible slight decline in the number of active customers due to housing vacancies or abandonments.

We have risks associated with aging infrastructure, including water and sewer mains, pumping stations and water and wastewater treatment facilities. Additionally, the nature of information available on buried and newly acquired assets may be limited, which may challenge our ability to conduct efficient asset management and maintenance practices. Assets that have aged beyond their expected useful lives may experience a higher rate of failure. Failure of aging infrastructure could result in increased capital expenditures and operation and management costs. In addition, failure of aging infrastructure may result in property damage, and in safety, environmental and public health impacts. To the extent that any increased costs or expenditures are not fully recovered in rates, our results of operations, liquidity and cash flows could be negatively impacted.

We have security measures in place at our facilities, including for delivery and handling of certain chemicals, as well as programs in place to ensure employee awareness of potential threats.  We have and will continue to bear any increase in costs, most of which have been recoverable under state regulatory policies, for security precautions to protect our facilities, operations and supplies.  While the costs of increases in security, including capital expenditures, may be significant, we expect these costs to continue to be recoverable in water and wastewater rates.  Despite our security measures, we may not be in a position to control the outcome of terrorist events, or other attacks on our water systems, should they occur.

Our ability to continue our expansion efforts and fund our utility construction and maintenance program depends on the availability of adequate capital.  There is no guarantee that we will be able to obtain sufficient capital in the future on favorable terms and conditions for expansion, construction and maintenance.  In the event our lines of credit are not extended or we are unable to refinance our first mortgage bonds when due and the borrowings are called for payment, we will have to seek alternative financing sources, although there can be no assurance that these alternative financing sources will be available on terms acceptable to us.  In the event we are unable to obtain sufficient capital, our expansion efforts could be curtailed, which may affect our growth and may affect our future results of operations.

Risks Related to Governmental Laws and Regulations

Our water and wastewater services are governed by various federal and state governmental agencies.  Pursuant to these regulations, we are required to obtain various permits for any additional systems to assist in our operations.  If any of those permit approvals are not received timely or at all, we may risk the loss of economic opportunity and our ability to create additional systems for the effective operation of our water business in the States of Delaware, Maryland and Pennsylvania or our wastewater business in the State of Delaware.  We can provide no assurances that we will receive all necessary permits to create additional systems to assist in the operation of our water or wastewater business.

We file rate increase requests, from time to time, to recover our investments in utility plant, deferred regulatory assets and expenses.  Once a rate increase petition is filed with a public service commission, the ensuing administrative and hearing process may be lengthy and costly.  We can provide no assurances that any future rate increase request will be approved by the DEPSC, MDPSC or PAPUC, and if approved, we cannot guarantee that these rate increases will be granted in a timely manner and/or will be sufficient in amount to cover the investments , deferred regulatory assets and expenses for which we initially sought the rate increase.  To the extent we are able to pass through such costs to customers and a state public service commission subsequently determines that such costs should not have been paid by customers, we may be required to refund such costs, with interest, to customers.  Any such costs not recovered through rates, or any such refund, could adversely affect our results of operations, financial position or cash flows.

Our water and wastewater services are governed by various federal and state environmental protection and health and safety laws and regulations, including the federal Safe Drinking Water Act, the Clean Water Act and similar state laws.  These federal and state regulations are issued by the EPA and state environmental regulatory agencies.  Pursuant to these laws, we are required to obtain various water allocation permits and environmental permits for our operations.  The water allocation permits control the amount of water that can be drawn from water resources.  New or stricter water allocation regulations can adversely affect our ability to meet the demands of our customers.  While we have budgeted for future capital and operating expenditures to maintain compliance with these laws and our permits, it is possible that new or stricter standards would be imposed that will raise our operating costs.  Thus, we can provide no assurances that our costs of complying with, or discharging liability under current and future environmental and health and safety laws will not adversely affect our business, results of operations or financial condition.

Risks Related to Our Financial Statements and Operating Results

Demand for water during warmer months is generally greater than during cooler months primarily due to additional customer requirements in irrigation systems, swimming pools, cooling systems and other outside water use.  In the event that temperatures during typically warmer months are cooler than normal, or rainfall is more than normal, the demand for our water may decrease and adversely affect our revenues.

We believe that we have in place sufficient capacity to provide water service for the foreseeable future to all existing and new customers in all of our service territories.  However, severe drought conditions could interfere with our sources of water supply and could adversely affect our ability to supply water in sufficient quantities to our existing and future customers.  This may adversely affect our revenues and earnings.  Moreover, governmental restrictions on water usage during drought conditions may result in a decreased demand for water, which may adversely affect our revenue and earnings.

Risks Related to Our Business Strategy

We face competition from other water and wastewater utilities as we pursue the right to exclusively serve territories in Delaware and Maryland by entering into agreements with landowners, developers or municipalities and, under current law, then applying to the DEPSC or the MDPSC for a CPCN.  If we are unable to enter into agreements with landowners, developers or municipalities and secure CPCNs for the right to exclusively serve territories in Delaware or Maryland, our ability to expand may be significantly impeded.

An element of our growth strategy is the acquisition and integration of water and wastewater systems in order to broaden our current service areas, and move into new ones.  It is our intent, when practical, to integrate any businesses we acquire with our existing operations.  The negotiation of potential acquisitions as well as the integration of acquired businesses could require us to incur significant costs and cause diversion of our management’s time and resources.  We may not be successful in the future in identifying businesses that meet our acquisition criteria. The failure to identify such businesses may limit the rate of our growth.  In addition, future acquisitions or expansion of our service areas by us could result in:

-	Dilutive issuance of our equity securities;

-	Incurrence of debt and contingent liabilities;

-	Difficulties in integrating the operations and personnel of the acquired businesses;

-	Diversion of our management’s attention from ongoing business concerns;

-	Failure to have effective internal control over financial reporting;

-	Overload of human resources; and

-	Other acquisition-related expense.

Some or all of these items could have a material adverse effect on our business and our ability to finance our business and comply with regulatory requirements.  The businesses we acquire in the future may not achieve sales and profitability that would justify our investment.

We also may experience risks relating to the challenges and costs of closing a transaction and the risk that an announced transaction may not close.  Completion of certain acquisition transactions are conditioned upon, among other things, the receipt of approvals, including from certain state public utilities commissions.  Failure to complete a pending transaction would prevent us from realizing the anticipated benefits.  We would also remain liable for significant transaction costs, including legal and accounting fees, whether or not the transaction is completed.

Risks Related to Legal Uncertainty

Our water supplies are subject to contamination from naturally-occurring compounds as well as pollution resulting from man-made sources.  Even though we monitor the quality of our water on an on-going basis, any possible contamination due to factors beyond our control could interrupt the use of our water supply until we are able to substitute it from an uncontaminated water source.  Additionally, treating the contaminated water source could involve significant costs and could adversely affect our business.  We could also be held liable for consequences arising out of human or environmental exposure to hazardous substances, if found, in our water supply.  This could adversely affect our business, results of operations and financial condition.

We are subject to various federal and state laws, including environmental laws, violations of which can involve civil or criminal sanctions.

Our operations from time to time could be parties to or targets of lawsuits, claims, investigations and proceedings, including system failure, injury, contract, environmental, health and safety and employment matters, which are handled and defended in the ordinary course of business.  The results of any future litigation or settlement of such lawsuits and claims are inherently unpredictable, but such outcomes could also materially and adversely affect our business, financial position and results of operations.

Risk Related to Cybersecurity and Technology

We rely on our information technology systems to manage our operation of our business.  Specifically, our business relies on the following technology systems: customer information system, financial reporting system, asset tracking system, remote monitoring system for some of our treatment, storage and pumping facilities, human resources management system, inventory management system, and accounts receivable collection management system.  Such systems require periodic modifications, upgrades or replacement that subject us to inherent costs and risks, including substantial capital expenditures, additional administration and operating expenses, and other risks and costs of delays in transitioning to new systems or of integrating new systems into our current systems.  Our computer and communications systems and operations could be damaged or interrupted by natural disasters, telecommunications failures or acts of war or terrorism or similar events or disruptions.  A loss of these systems or major problems with the operation of these systems could affect our operations and have a material adverse effect on our results of operations.

There have been an increasing number of cyber-attacks on companies around the world, which have caused operational failures or compromised sensitive corporate or customer data.  These attacks have occurred over the internet, through malware, viruses or attachments to e-mails, or through persons inside the organization or with access to systems inside the organization. We have implemented security measures and will continue to devote resources to address any security vulnerabilities in an effort to prevent cyber-attacks.  Despite our efforts, a cyber-attack, if it occurred, could cause water or wastewater system problems, disrupt service to our customers, compromise important data or systems or result in an unintended release of customer information.  We feel we have adequate cyber-security insurance coverage to mitigate the cost of any such cyber-attack; however, a possible cyber-attack could affect our operations and have a material adverse effect on our results of operations.

Risk Associated with Management

Our success depends significantly on the continued contribution of our management team both individually and collectively. The loss of the services of any member of our management team or the inability to hire and retain experienced management personnel could harm our operating results.  In addition, turnover in our management team could adversely affect the financial market’s perception of our ability to continue to grow.

Risks Related to Our Common Stock

Dividends on our common stock will only be paid if and when declared by our Board of Directors. Our earnings, financial condition, capital requirements, applicable regulations and other factors, including the timeliness and adequacy of rate increases, will determine both our ability to pay dividends on common stock and the amount of the dividends declared by our Board of Directors. There can be no assurance that we will continue to pay dividends in the future or, if dividends are paid, that they will be in amounts similar to past dividends.

The trading price of our common stock may fluctuate in the future based on a variety of factors, many of which are beyond our control and unrelated to our financial results. Factors that could cause fluctuations in the trading price of our common stock include but are not limited to volatility of the general stock market or the utility stock index, regulatory developments, general economic conditions and trends, actual or anticipated changes or fluctuations in our results of operations, actual or anticipated changes in the expectations of investors or securities analysts, actual or anticipated developments in our competitors’ businesses or the competitive landscape generally, litigation involving us or our industry, major catastrophic events or sales of large blocks of our stock. Furthermore, we believe that stockholders invest in public utility stocks in part because they seek reliable dividend payments. If there is an over supply of stock of public utilities in the market relative to demand by such investors, the trading price of our common stock may decrease. Additionally, if interest rates rise above the dividend yield offered by our common stock, demand for our stock and its trading price may also decrease.

None.

Our corporate headquarters are located at 664 Churchmans Road, Newark, Delaware and are owned by Artesian Water.

The Company owns approximately six acres of land in New Castle County, Delaware zoned for office development and two nine-acre parcels of land in Sussex County, Delaware for water and wastewater treatment facilities and elevated water storage.  The Company also owns an office facility located in Sussex County, Delaware.  The facility consists of approximately 10,000 square feet of office space along with approximately 10,000 square feet of warehouse space.

The Company owns land, rights-of-way, easements, transmission and distribution mains, collection mains, pump facilities, treatment plants, lift stations, treatment/disposal facilities, storage tanks, meters, vehicles and related equipment and facilities.  The following table indicates our utility plant as of December 31, 2020.

Substantially all of Artesian Water's utility plant, except the utility plant in the town of Townsend, Delaware, is pledged as security for our First Mortgage Bonds.  As of December 31, 2020, no other water utility plant has been pledged as security for loans.  Two parcels of land in Artesian Wastewater are pledged as security for a loan.

We believe that our properties are generally maintained in good condition and in accordance with current standards of good water and wastewater works industry practice.  We believe that all of our existing facilities adequately meet current necessary production capacities and current levels of utilization.

For a discussion of our legal proceedings, refer to Note 18 to our Consolidated Financial Statements.

Not applicable.

PART II

Artesian Resources' Class A Non-Voting Common Stock, or Class A Stock, is listed on the Nasdaq Global Select Market and trades under the symbol "ARTNA."  On March 9, 2021, the last closing sale price as reported by the Nasdaq Global Select Market was $40.03 per share.  As of March 9, 2021 there were 579 holders of record of the Class A Stock.

Our Class B Common Stock, or Class B Stock, is quoted on the OTC Bulletin Board under the symbol "ARTNB."  There has been a limited and sporadic public trading market for the Class B Stock.  As of March 9, 2021, the last reported trade of the Class B Stock on the OTC Bulletin Board was at a price of $39.19 per share on February 11, 2021.  As of March 9, 2021, there were 144 holders of record of the Class B Stock.  The Class B shares are paid the same dividend as the Class A shares.

Recent Sales of Unregistered Securities

During the year ended December 31, 2020, we did not issue any unregistered shares of our Class A or Class B Stock.

The following graph compares the percentage change in cumulative shareholder return on the Company’s Class A Stock with the Standard & Poor’s 500 Stock Index and a Peer Group of water utility companies.  The graph covers the period from December 2015 (assuming a $100 investment on December 31, 2015, and the reinvestment of any dividends) through December 2020:

 

The Peer Group includes American States Water Company, American Water Works Company, Inc., Essential Utilities, Inc., California Water Service Group, Connecticut Water Service, Inc. (included through October 9, 2019 when it was acquired by SJW Group), Middlesex Water Company, SJW Group and York Water Company.

OVERVIEW

Our profitability is primarily attributable to the sale of water. Gross water sales comprised 86.8% of total operating revenues for the year ended December 31, 2020.  Our profitability is also attributed to the various contract operations, water, sewer and internal SLP Plans and other services we provide.  Water sales are subject to seasonal fluctuations, particularly during summer when water demand may vary with rainfall and temperature.  In the event temperatures during the typically warmer months are cooler than expected, or rainfall is greater than expected, the demand for water may decrease and our revenues may be adversely affected.  We believe the effects of weather are short term and do not materially affect the execution of our strategic initiatives. Our contract operations and other services provide a revenue stream that is not affected by changes in weather patterns.

While water sales are our primary source of revenues, we continue to seek growth opportunities to provide wastewater services in Delaware and the surrounding areas. We also continue to explore and develop relationships with developers and municipalities in order to increase revenues from contract water and wastewater operations, wastewater management services, and design, construction and engineering services. We plan to continue developing and expanding our contract operations and other services in a manner that complements our growth in water service to new customers. Our anticipated growth in these areas is subject to changes in residential and commercial construction, which may be affected by interest rates, inflation and general housing and economic market conditions.  We anticipate continued growth in our non-regulated division due to our water, sewer, and internal SLP Plans.

Given the changing nature of the COVID-19 outbreak and the responses to curb its spread, management cannot predict the full impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the Company’s results of operations.  The ultimate extent of the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on the Company is highly uncertain and will depend on future developments, and such effects could exist for an extended period of time even after the pandemic ends.

Water Division

Artesian Water, Artesian Water Maryland and Artesian Water Pennsylvania provide water service to residential, commercial, industrial, governmental, municipal and utility customers.  Increases in the number of customers contribute to increases, or help to offset any intermittent decreases, in our operating revenue.  As of December 31, 2020, we had approximately 90,300 metered water customers in Delaware, an increase of approximately 2,500 compared to December 31, 2019.  The number of metered water customers in Maryland totaled approximately 2,500 as of December 31, 2020, a slight increase compared to December 31, 2019.  The number of metered water customers in Pennsylvania remained consistent compared to December 31, 2019.  For the year ended December 31, 2020, approximately 8.2 billion gallons of water were distributed in our Delaware systems and approximately 135.0 million gallons of water were distributed in our Maryland systems.

Wastewater Division

Artesian Wastewater owns wastewater collection and treatment infrastructure and began providing regulated wastewater services to customers in Delaware in July 2005.   Artesian Wastewater Maryland was incorporated on June 3, 2008 and is able to provide regulated wastewater services to customers in Maryland.  It is not currently providing these services in Maryland.  Our residential and commercial wastewater customers are billed a flat monthly fee, which contributes to providing a revenue stream unaffected by weather.  The number of Delaware wastewater customers totaled approximately 2,800 as of December 31, 2020, an increase of approximately 400, or 14.9%, compared to December 31, 2019.  In addition, Artesian Wastewater entered into wastewater services agreements with a large industrial customer.  The wastewater services agreements with this customer are discussed further in the “Strategic Direction” section below.

Non-Regulated Division

Artesian Utility provides contract water and wastewater operation services to private, municipal and governmental institutions.  Artesian Utility also offers three protection plans to customers, the WSLP Plan, the SSLP Plan, and the ISLP Plan.  SLP Plan customers are billed a flat monthly or quarterly rate, which contributes to providing a revenue stream unaffected by weather.  There has been consistent customer growth over the years.  As of December 31, 2020, approximately 20,900, or 24.3%, of our eligible water customers enrolled in the WSLP Plan, approximately 16,100, or 18.8%, of our eligible customers enrolled in the SSLP Plan, and approximately 7,600, or 8.9%, of our eligible customers enrolled in the ISLP Plan.  Approximately 1,900 non-utility customers enrolled in one of our three protection plans.

Strategic Direction and Recent Developments

Our strategy is to increase customer growth, revenues, earnings and dividends by expanding our water, wastewater and SLP Plan services across the Delmarva Peninsula.  We remain focused on providing superior service to our customers and continuously seek ways to improve our efficiency and performance.  Our strategy has included a focus on building strategic partnerships with county governments, municipalities and developers.  By providing water and wastewater services, we believe we are positioned as the primary resource for developers and communities throughout the Delmarva Peninsula seeking to fill both needs simultaneously.  We believe we have a proven ability to acquire and integrate high growth, reputable entities, through which we have captured additional service territories that will serve as a base for future revenue.  We believe this experience presents a strong platform for further expansion and that our success to date also produces positive relationships and credibility with regulators, municipalities, developers and customers in both existing and prospective service areas.

In our regulated water division, our strategy is to focus on a wide spectrum of activities, which include strategic acquisitions of existing systems, expanding certificated service area, identifying new and dependable sources of supply, developing the wells, treatment plants and delivery systems to supply water to customers and educating customers on the wise use of water.  Our strategy includes focused efforts to expand through strategic acquisitions and in new regions added to our Delaware service territory over the last 10 years.  We plan to expand our regulated water service area in the Cecil County designated growth corridor and to expand our business through the design, construction, operation, management and acquisition of additional water systems.  The expansion of our exclusive franchise areas elsewhere in Maryland and the award of contracts will similarly enhance our operations within the state.

Our ability to develop partnerships with various county governments, municipalities and developers has provided a number of opportunities.  In the last three years, we completed seven acquisitions including asset purchase agreements with municipal and developer/homeowner association operated systems.  Some recent acquisitions are noted below.

On August 3, 2020, Artesian Water completed the purchase of substantially all of the water system operating assets from the City of Delaware City, a Delaware municipality, or Delaware City, including the right to provide water service to Delaware City’s existing customers.  The total purchase price was $2.1 million.  Artesian Water had previously acquired the water assets of an area annexed by Delaware City, known as Fort DuPont, which was earmarked for growth and expansion of Delaware City.

On April 2, 2020, Artesian Water completed its purchase of substantially all of the operating assets of the water system of the Town of Frankford, a Delaware municipality, or Frankford, including the right to provide water service to Frankford’s existing customers, or the Frankford Water System.  Pursuant to the terms of the agreement, Frankford transferred to Artesian Water all of Frankford’s right, title and interest in and to all of the plant and equipment, associated real property, contracts, easements and permits possessed by Frankford at closing related to the Frankford Water System.  The total purchase price was $3.6 million.

We believe that Delaware's generally lower cost of living in the region, availability of development sites in relatively close proximity to the Atlantic Ocean in Sussex County, and attractive financing rates for construction and mortgages have resulted, and will continue to result, in increases to our customer base.  Delaware’s lower property and income tax rate make it an attractive region for new home development and retirement communities.  Substantial portions of Delaware currently are not served by a public water system, which could also assist in an increase to our customer base as systems are added.

In our regulated wastewater division, we foresee significant growth opportunities and will continue to seek strategic partnerships and relationships with developers and governmental agencies to complement existing agreements for the provision of wastewater service on the Delmarva Peninsula. Artesian Wastewater plans to utilize our larger regional wastewater facilities to expand service areas to new customers while transitioning our smaller treatment facilities into regional pump stations in order to gain additional efficiencies in the treatment and disposal of wastewater. We believe this will reduce operational costs at the smaller treatment facilities in the future because they will be converted from treatment and disposal plants to pump stations to assist with transitioning the flow of wastewater from one regional facility to another.

On September 27, 2016, Artesian Wastewater entered into a wastewater services agreement with a large industrial customer for Artesian Wastewater to provide treatment and disposal services for sanitary wastewater discharged from this customer’s properties located in Sussex County, Delaware upon completion of a pipeline to transfer the sanitary wastewater.  The pipeline was completed in the second quarter of 2017.  The transfer of sanitary wastewater began in the second quarter of 2019.  On January 27, 2017, Artesian Wastewater entered into a second wastewater agreement with this customer for Artesian Wastewater to provide disposal services for approximately 1.5 mgd of treated industrial process wastewater upon completion of an approximately eight mile pipeline that will transfer the wastewater from this customer’s properties to a 90 million gallon storage lagoon at Artesian’s Sussex Regional Recharge Facility.  We will use the reclaimed wastewater for spray irrigation on agricultural land in the area.  We received an operations permit in March 2020.  We will begin operating this facility once this customer receives their process wastewater treatment operating permit.

The general need for increased capital investment in our water and wastewater systems is due to a combination of population growth, more protective water quality standards and aging infrastructure.  Our planned and budgeted capital improvements over the next three years includes projects for water infrastructure improvements and expansion in both Delaware and Maryland and wastewater infrastructure improvements and expansion in Delaware.  The DEPSC and MDPSC have generally recognized the operating and capital costs associated with these improvements in setting water and wastewater rates for current customers and capacity charges for new customers.

In our non-regulated division, we continue pursuing opportunities to expand our contract operations.  Through Artesian Utility, we will seek to expand our contract design, engineering and construction services of water and wastewater facilities for developers, municipalities and other utilities.  We also anticipate continued growth due to our water, sewer and internal SLP Plans.  Artesian Development owns two nine-acre parcels of land, located in Sussex County, Delaware, which will allow for construction of a water treatment facility and wastewater treatment facility.  Artesian Storm Water was formed to expand contract work related to the design, installation, maintenance and repair services associated with existing or proposed storm water management systems in Delaware and the surrounding areas.

CRITICAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES AND ESTIMATES

Critical accounting policies and estimates are those we believe are most important to portraying the financial condition and results of operations and also require significant estimates, assumptions or other judgments by management.  The following provides an overview of the accounting policies that are particularly important to the results of operations and financial condition of the Company.  Changes in the estimates, assumptions or other judgments included within these accounting policies could result in a significant change to the financial statements in any quarterly or annual period.  We consider the following policies to be the most critical in understanding the judgment that is involved in preparing our Consolidated Financial Statements.  Senior management has discussed the selection and development of our critical accounting policies and estimates with the Audit Committee of the Board of Directors.

All additions to utility plant are recorded at cost.  Business combinations pursuant to ASC Topic 805 may result in a purchase price allocation and the acquired assets are required to be evaluated by the applicable regulatory agency.  Cost includes direct labor, materials, AFUDC (see description in Note 1-Utility Plant) and indirect charges for items such as transportation, supervision, pension, medical, and other fringe benefits related to employees engaged in construction activities.  When depreciable units of utility plant are retired, the historical costs of plant retired is charged to accumulated depreciation.  Any cost associated with retirement, less any salvage value or proceeds received, is charged to the regulated retirement liability.  Maintenance, repairs, and replacement of minor items of utility plant are charged to expense as incurred.

We record water service revenue, including amounts billed to customers, on a cycle basis and unbilled amounts based upon estimated usage from the date of the last meter reading to the end of the accounting period.  As actual usage amounts are received, adjustments are made to the unbilled estimates in the next billing cycle based on the actual results.  Estimates are made on an individual customer basis, using one of three methods: the previous year’s consumption in the same period, the previous billing period’s consumption, or averaging.  While actual usage for individual customers may differ materially from the estimate, we believe the overall total estimate of consumption and revenue for the fiscal period will not differ materially from actual billed consumption.

We record accounts receivable at the invoiced amounts.  An allowance for doubtful accounts is calculated as a percentage of total associated revenues based upon historical trends and adjusted for current conditions.  We mitigate our exposure to credit losses by discontinuing services in the event of non-payment; accordingly, the related allowance for doubtful accounts and associated bad debt expense has not been significant.  However, the Company experienced longer receivable cycles throughout 2020 related to temporary executive orders issued by state governmental agencies requiring utility companies to prohibit late fees and service disconnections for non-payment, resulting in an adjustment to increase the reserve for bad debt.  Account balances are written off against the allowance when it is probable the receivable will not be recovered.  

The Financial Accounting Standards Board, or FASB, Accounting Standards Codification, or ASC, Topic 980 stipulates generally accepted accounting principles for companies whose rates are established or subject to approvals by a third-party regulatory agency.  Our regulated utilities record deferred regulatory assets under FASB ASC Topic 980, which are costs that may be recovered over various lengths of time as prescribed by the DEPSC, MDPSC and PAPUC.  As the utility incurs certain costs, such as expenses related to rate case applications, a deferred regulatory asset is created.  Adjustments to these deferred regulatory assets are made when the DEPSC, MDPSC or PAPUC determines whether the expense is recoverable in rates, the length of time over which an expense is recoverable, or, because of changes in circumstances, whether a remaining balance of deferred expense is recoverable in rates charged to customers.  In addition, our regulated utilities record deferred and/or amortized regulatory liabilities under FASB ASC Topic 980, as determined by the DEPSC, the MDPSC, and the PAPUC.  Regulatory liabilities represent excess recovery of cost or other items that have been deferred because it is probable such amounts will be returned to customers through future regulated rates.  Adjustments to reflect changes in recoverability of certain deferred regulatory assets or certain deferred regulatory liabilities may have a significant effect on our financial results.

Our long-lived assets consist primarily of utility plant in service and regulatory assets.  We review for impairment of our long-lived assets, including utility plant in service, in accordance with the requirements of FASB ASC Topic 360.  We review regulatory assets for the continued application of FASB ASC Topic 980.  Our review determines whether there have been changes in circumstances or events that have occurred that require adjustments to the carrying value of these assets.  Adjustments to the carrying value of these assets would be made in instances where changes in circumstances or events indicate the carrying value of the asset may not be recoverable in rates charged to customers.  The Company believes there are no impairments in the carrying amounts of its long-lived assets or regulatory assets at December 31, 2020.

Results of Operations

2020 Compared to 2019

Operating Revenues

Revenues totaled $88.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2020, $4.5 million, or 5.4%, more than revenues for the year ended December 31, 2019.  Water sales revenue increased $2.9 million, or 3.9%, for the year ended December 31, 2020 from the corresponding period in 2019, primarily due to an increase in residential consumption revenue, partially offset by a decrease in non-residential consumption revenue.  In addition, water sales revenue increased due to an increase in Distribution System Improvement Charges, or DSIC, revenue.  Also, fixed fee revenue increased related to customer growth.  We realized 86.8% and 88.1% of our total operating revenue for the years ended December 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively, from the sale of water.

Other utility operating revenue increased approximately $1.6 million, or 32.7%, for the year ended December 31, 2020 compared to the year ended December 31, 2019.  The increase is primarily due to an increase in industrial wastewater service revenue, related to the minimum required volume of wastewater under contract.  In addition, there was an increase in wastewater revenue from customer growth.  This increase is partially offset by a decrease in service and finance charges, related to executive orders issued by state governmental agencies requiring utility companies to prohibit late fees and service disconnections for non-payment.

Non-utility operating revenue increased approximately $0.1 million, or 1.4%, for the year ended December 31, 2020 compared to the same period in 2019.  The increase is primarily due to an increase in SLP Plan revenue, partially offset by a decrease in contract revenue.

Residential

Residential water service revenues in 2020 amounted to $47.4 million, an increase of $3.2 million, or 7.3%, above the $44.2 million recorded in 2019, primarily due to an increase in overall water consumption and an increase in DSIC revenue.  The volume of water sold to residential customers increased to 4,209 million gallons in 2020 compared to 3,900 million gallons in 2019, a 7.9% increase.  The number of residential customers served increased by approximately 2,400, or 2.8%, in 2020.

Commercial

Water service revenues from commercial customers in 2020 decreased by 2.3%, to $17.2 million in 2020 from $17.6 million in 2019, primarily due to a decrease in overall water consumption.  The volume of water sold to commercial customers decreased to 2,180 million gallons in 2020 compared to 2,303 million gallons sold in 2019, a decrease of 5.4%.

Industrial

Water service revenues from industrial customers decreased to $71,000 in 2020 from $88,000 in 2019.  The volume of water sold to industrial customers decreased to 9.2 million gallons in 2020 from 11.1 million gallons in 2019.

Government and Other

Government and other water service revenues in 2020 increased slightly by 0.3%, and were $11.8 million for both 2019 and 2020. The volume of water sold to government and other customers increased to 1,050 million gallons in 2020 compared to 993 million gallons in 2019, an increase of 5.8%.

Other Utility Operating Revenue

Other utility operating revenue, derived from regulated wastewater services, contract operations, antenna leases on water tanks, finance/service charges, wastewater customer service revenues and industrial wastewater service revenues, increased 32.7%, from $4.9 million in 2019 to $6.5 million in 2020.  The increase is primarily due to an increase in industrial wastewater service revenue and an increase in wastewater revenue from customer growth.  This increase is partially offset by a decrease in service and finance charges.

Non-Utility Operating Revenue

Non-utility operating revenue, derived from non-regulated water and wastewater operations, increased slightly but remained at $5.1 million for the year December 31, 2020 compared to the year ended December 31,  2019.  The increase is primarily due to an increase in SLP Plan revenue, partially offset by a decrease in contract revenue.

Operating Expenses

Operating expenses, excluding depreciation and income taxes, increased $1.3 million, or 2.8%, for the year ended December 31, 2020 compared to the year ended December 31, 2019.  The components of the change in operating expenses primarily include an increase in utility operating expenses of $1.1 million and an increase in property and other taxes of $0.2 million.

Utility operating expenses increased $1.1 million, or 2.9%, for the year ended December 31, 2020 compared to the year ended December 31, 2019.  The net increase is primarily related to the following.

-	Payroll and employee benefit costs increased $0.9 million, primarily related to an increase in overall compensation and an increase in employee benefit costs.

-

Administrative costs increased $0.3 million, primarily due to an increase in bad debt expense of $0.5 million, related to executive orders issued during 2020 by state governmental agencies requiring utility companies to prohibit late fees and service disconnections for non-payment resulting in a longer receivable cycle and the need for increased reserves for bad debt.  This increase is partially offset by a decrease in employee related costs and professional service fees.

-	Purchased water increased $0.1 million, primarily due to higher water purchased in order to meet customer demands and maintain high-quality water.

-	Purchased power increased $0.1 million, primarily due to higher operational usage.

-	Repair and maintenance costs decreased $0.3 million, primarily due to the timing of maintenance costs associated with treatment facilities and equipment.

Property and other taxes increased $0.2 million, or 4.3%, primarily due to an increase in utility plant subject to taxation.  Property taxes are assessed on land, buildings and certain utility plant, which include the footage and size of pipe, hydrants and wells.

The ratio of operating expense, excluding depreciation and income taxes, to total revenue was 55.6% for the year ended December 31, 2020, compared to 57.0% for the year ended December 31, 2019.

Depreciation and amortization expense increased $0.3 million, or 3.1%, primarily due to continued investment in utility plant providing supply, treatment, storage and distribution of water to customers and service to our wastewater customers.

Federal and state income tax expense increased $0.5 million, or 9.7%, primarily due to higher pre-tax income for the year ended December 31, 2020, compared to the year ended December 31, 2019.

Other Income, Net

Other income, net increased $0.1 million, or 5.8%, primarily due to an increase in miscellaneous income of $0.3 million, related to an increase in the annual patronage refund from CoBank, ACB.  The refund is calculated based on 0.8% of the average loan balance outstanding.  In addition, in 2020, CoBank, ACB issued a one-time additional patronage distribution based on 0.1% of the average loan balance outstanding.  Allowance for funds used during construction, or AFUDC, decreased $0.2 million, as a result of lower long-term construction activity subject to AFUDC for the twelve months ended December 31, 2020 compared to the same period in 2019. 

Interest Charges

Interest expense increased $0.6 million, primarily due to an increase in long-term debt interest related to the Series V First Mortgage Bond issued on December 17, 2019.  This increase is partially offset by a decrease in short-term debt interest, primarily related to lower interest rates and short-term borrowing levels in 2020.  Customer deposit interest decreased $0.1 million from the 2019 customer refund amount held in reserve related to the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act.

Net Income

Our net income applicable to common stock increased $1.9 million.  Operating revenues increased $4.5 million and other income, net increased $0.1 million, while operating expenses increased $2.2 million and interest expense increased $0.6 million.

Part I, Item 7. “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” in our 2019 Annual Report on Form 10-K includes a comparative discussion of the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018 and is incorporated herein by reference.   

Liquidity and Capital Resources

Overview

The Company’s primary sources of liquidity for the year ended December 31, 2020 were $20.3 million of cash provided by operating activities, $9.3 million in net contributions and advances from developers, $19.3 million from lines of credit borrowings and $1.5 million in net proceeds from the issuance of common stock.  These funds were used to invest $40.0 million in capital expenditures and to pay dividends of approximately $9.4 million.

We depend on the availability of capital for expansion, construction and maintenance.  We rely on our sources of liquidity for investments in our utility plant and to meet our various payment obligations.  We expect that our net investments in utility plant in 2021 will be approximately $48.1 million.  Our total obligations related to interest and principal payments on indebtedness, rental payments and water service interconnection agreements for 2021 are anticipated to be approximately $12.6 million.  We expect to fund our activities for the next year using our available cash balances, bank credit lines, projected cash generated from operations and capital market financings.  We believe that internally generated funds along with existing credit facilities will be adequate to provide sufficient working capital to maintain normal operations and to meet our financing requirements.  However, because part of our business strategy is to expand through strategic acquisitions, we may seek additional debt financing or issue additional equity securities to finance future acquisitions or for other purposes.  There is no assurance that we will be able to secure funding on terms acceptable to us, or at all.

Operating Activities

Our primary source of liquidity for the year ended December 31, 2020 was $20.3 million provided by cash flow from operating activities.  Cash flow from operating activities is primarily provided by our utility operations, and is impacted by the timeliness and adequacy of rate increases and changes in water consumption as a result of year-to-year variations in weather conditions, particularly during the summer.  A significant part of our ability to maintain and meet our financial objectives is to ensure that our investments in utility plant and equipment are recovered in the rates charged to customers.  As such, from time to time, we file rate increase requests to recover increases in operating expenses and investments in utility plant and equipment.  We will continue to borrow on available lines of credit in order to satisfy current liquidity needs.  In addition, the Company has a long history of paying regular quarterly dividends as approved by our Board of Directors using net cash from operating activities.

Investment Activities

The primary focus of our investment in 2020 was to continue to provide high quality reliable service to our growing service territory.  Capital expenditures during 2020 were $40.0 million compared to $40.7 million invested during the same period in 2019.  During 2020, we invested approximately $12.1 million for our rehabilitation program for transmission and distribution facilities by replacing aging or deteriorating mains and for installing new mains.  We invested $7.8 million to enhance or improve existing treatment facilities and replace aging wells and pumping equipment to better serve our customers.  We invested $3.0 million for equipment purchases, computer hardware and software upgrades and transportation equipment.  Developers financed $4.1 million for the installation of water mains and hydrants in 2020 compared to $4.5 million in 2019.  We invested $1.2 million to upgrade and automate our meter reading equipment.  We invested approximately $3.6 million in mandatory utility plant expenditures due to governmental highway projects, which required the relocation of water service mains in addition to facility improvements and upgrades.  We invested $2.5 million in wastewater projects in Delaware.  In addition, Artesian Water invested $5.7 million to purchase water system operating assets from the Town of Frankford and the City of Delaware City.

The following chart summarizes our investment in plant and systems over the past three fiscal years

Of the $58.0 million gross investment expected in 2021, approximately $15.6 million will be for extending transmission and distribution facilities to address service needs in growth areas of our service territory.  Approximately $14.7 million will be invested for new treatment facilities, facility upgrades, equipment and wells throughout Delaware, Maryland, and Pennsylvania to identify, develop, treat and protect sources of water supply to assure uninterrupted service to our customers.  Approximately $10.2 million will be invested in renewals associated with the rehabilitation of aging infrastructure.  Approximately $5.6 million will be invested in ongoing construction of wastewater plants and $2.0 million will be invested in the construction of force mains used for the transmission of wastewater to plants.  Additionally, $4.7 million will be invested in the relocations of facilities as a result of government mandates.  In addition, we will refund $0.9 million to customers, real estate developers and builders related to previous advances for construction they provided to Artesian for distribution facilities on their properties.

We also plan to invest $4.3 million in general plant, which includes new corporate automation, building renovations and transportation and equipment upgrades.  Our projected capital expenditures and other investments are subject to periodic review and revision to reflect changes in economic conditions and other factors.  The Company's investment for 2021 is expected to be offset by developer contributions of $9.9 million for a net investment of $48.1 million in 2021.

Financing Activities

We expect to fund our activities for the next twelve months using our available cash balances, bank credit lines, projected cash generated from operations, state revolving fund loans and capital market financings.

We depend on the availability of capital for expansion, construction and maintenance.  We have several sources of liquidity to finance our investment in utility plant and other fixed assets.  We estimate that future investments will be financed by our operations and external sources, including short-term borrowings under our revolving credit agreements discussed below.  We expect to fund our activities for the next twelve months using our available cash balances, bank credit lines, projected cash generated from operations, state revolving fund loans and capital market financing.

Our cash flows from operations are primarily derived from water sales revenues and may be materially affected by changes in water sales due to weather and the timing and extent of increases in rates approved by state public service commissions.

Lines of Credit and Long Term Debt

At December 31, 2020, Artesian Resources had a $40 million line of credit with Citizens Bank, or Citizens, which is available to all subsidiaries of Artesian Resources.  As of December 31, 2020, there was $31.2 million of available funds under this line of credit.  The interest rate for borrowings under this line is the London Interbank Offered Rate, or LIBOR, plus 1.25%.  This is a demand line of credit and therefore the financial institution may demand payment for any outstanding amounts at any time.  The term of this line of credit expires on the earlier of May 31, 2021 or any date on which Citizens demands payment. The Company expects to renew this line of credit.

At December 31, 2020, Artesian Water had a $20 million line of credit with CoBank, ACB, or CoBank, that allows for the financing of operations for Artesian Water, with up to $10 million of this line available for the operations of Artesian Water Maryland.  As of December 31, 2020, there was $2.0 million of available funds under this line of credit.  The interest rate for borrowings under this line allows the Company to select either LIBOR plus 1.50% or a weekly variable rate established by CoBank; the Company has historically used the weekly variable interest rate.  The patronage refunds earned by Artesian Water for 2020 and 2019 were $1.0 million and $0.9 million respectively.  The term of this line of credit expires on July 30, 2021. Artesian Water expects to renew this line of credit.

Artesian’s long-term debt agreements and revolving lines of credit contain customary affirmative and negative covenants that are binding on us (which are in some cases subject to certain exceptions), including, but not limited to, restrictions on our ability to make certain loans and investments, guarantee certain obligations, enter into, or undertake, certain mergers, consolidations or acquisitions, transfer certain assets or change our business. In addition, we are required to abide by certain financial covenants and ratios.  As of December 31, 2020, we were in compliance with these covenants.

On December 17, 2019, Artesian Water Company entered into a Bond Purchase Agreement relating to the issue and sale by Artesian Water to CoBank of a $30 million principal amount First Mortgage Bond, Series V, or the Series V Bond, due October 31, 2049, or the  Maturity Date.  The Series V Bond was issued pursuant to Artesian Water’s Indenture of Mortgage dated as of July 1, 1961, as amended and supplemented by supplemental indentures, including the Twenty-Fourth Supplemental Indenture dated as of December 17, 2019 from Artesian Water  to Wilmington Trust Company, as Trustee.  The Indenture is a first mortgage lien against substantially all of Artesian Water’s utility plant.  The proceeds from the sale of the Series V Bond were used to pay down outstanding lines of credit of the Company and a loan payable to Artesian Resources.  The DEPSC approved the issuance of the Series V Bond on November 14, 2019.

The Series V Bond carries an annual interest rate of 4.42% through but excluding the Maturity Date. Interest is payable on January 30th, April 30th, July 30th and October 30th in each year and on the Maturity Date, beginning January 30, 2020 until Artesian Water’s obligation with respect to the payment of principal, premium (if any) and interest shall be discharged.  Overdue payments shall bear interest as provided in the Twenty-Fourth Supplemental Indenture.  The term of the Series V Bond also includes certain limitations on Artesian Water’s indebtedness.

On April 28, 2020, Artesian Water entered into three financing agreements, or the Financing Agreements, with the Delaware Drinking Water State Revolving Fund, acting by and through the Delaware Department of Health & Social Services, Division of Public Health, a public agency of the state of Delaware, or the Department.  Under the Financing Agreements, the Department has agreed to advance to Artesian Water up to approximately $1.7 million, $1.0 million and $1.3 million, collectively, the Loans, to finance all or a portion of the costs to replace specific water transmission mains in service areas located in New Castle County, Delaware, collectively, the Projects.  In accordance with the Financing Agreements, Artesian Water will from time to time request funds under the Loans as it incurs costs in connection with the Projects.  The Company shall pay to the Department, on the principal amount drawn down and outstanding from the date drawn, interest at a rate of 0.6% per annum and an administrative fee at the rate of 0.6% per annum.  As of December 31, 2020, no funds were borrowed under the Loans.

In order to control purchased power cost, in August 2018 Artesian Water entered into an electric supply contract with MidAmerican. The fixed rate for MidAmerican was lowered 6.8% starting in September 2018.  The current fixed price contract is effective from September 2018 through May 2022.  In February 2021, Artesian Water entered into an electric supply contract with MidAmerican that is effective from May 2021 to May 2025.  The fixed rate will be lowered 5.6% starting in May 2021.  In August 2018, Artesian Water Maryland entered into an electric supply agreement with Constellation NewEnergy.  The fixed rate for Constellation NewEnergy was lowered 4.9% starting in May 2019.  The current fixed price contract is effective from May 2019 through May 2022.

Payments for unconditional purchase obligations reflect minimum water purchase obligations based on rates that are subject to change under our interconnection agreement with the Chester Water Authority, which expires December 31, 2021 and minimum water purchase obligations based on a contract rate under our interconnection agreement with the Town of North East, which expires June 26, 2024.

IMPACT OF RECENTLY ISSUED ACCOUNTING STANDARDS

See Note 19 to our Consolidated Financial Statements for a full description of the impact of recent accounting pronouncements.

The Company is subject to the risk of fluctuating interest rates in the normal course of business.  Our policy is to manage interest rates through the use of fixed rate long-term debt and, to a lesser extent, short-term debt.  The Company's exposure to interest rate risk related to existing fixed rate, long-term debt is due to the term of the majority of our First Mortgage Bonds and the term of the promissory note, which have final maturity dates ranging from 2028 to 2049, and interest rates ranging from 4.24% to 5.96%, which exposes the Company to interest rate risk as interest rates may drop below the existing fixed rate of the long-term debt prior to such debt’s maturity.  In addition, the Company has interest rate exposure on $60 million of variable rate lines of credit with two banks, under which the interim bank loans payable at December 31, 2020 were approximately $26.8 million.  An increase in interest rates will result in an increase in the cost of borrowing on this variable rate line.  We are also exposed to market risk associated with changes in commodity prices.  Our risks associated with price increases in chemicals, electricity and other commodities are mitigated by our ability to recover our costs through rate increases to our customers.  We have also sought to mitigate future significant electric price increases by signing multi-year supply contracts at fixed prices.

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

In thousands

 

The notes are an integral part of the consolidated financial statements.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS

In thousands, except per share amounts

The notes are an integral part of the consolidated financial statements.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

In thousands

The notes are an integral part of the consolidated financial statements.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY

In thousands

The notes are an integral part of the consolidated financial statements.

 

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Utility plant comprises:
In thousands
						December 31,
		Estimated Useful Life (In Years)				2020				2019
Utility plant at original cost
Utility plant in service-Water
Intangible plant			—			$	140			$	140
Source of supply plant			45-85				23,940				22,611
Pumping and water treatment plant			8-62				100,317				90,795
Transmission and distribution plant
Mains			81				293,643				277,125
Services			39				49,937				48,190
Storage tanks			76				29,946				27,968
Meters			26				27,994				27,498
Hydrants			60				15,895				15,071
General plant			5-31				62,379				61,512
Utility plant in service-Wastewater
Intangible plant			—				116				—
Treatment and disposal plant			21-81				41,860				19,315
Collection mains & lift stations			81				32,133				19,348
General plant			5-31				1,545				1,223
Property held for future use			—				5,711				24,632
Construction work in progress			—				21,474				31,881
							707,030				667,309
Less – accumulated depreciation							147,469				136,588
						$	559,561			$	530,721

Expense	Years Amortized
Rate case studies	5
Delaware rate proceedings	2.5
Maryland rate proceedings	5
Debt related costs	15 to 30 (based on term of related debt)
Goodwill (resulting from acquisition of Mountain Hill Water Company in 2008)	50
Deferred acquisition costs (resulting from purchase of water assets in Cecil County, Maryland in 2011 and Port Deposit, Maryland in 2010)	20
Franchise Costs (resulting from purchase of water assets in Cecil County, Maryland in 2011)	80

(in thousands)		December 31, 2020				December 31, 2019
Deferred income taxes		$	370			$	386
Expense of rate case studies and other			46				78
Debt related costs			5,233				5,556
Goodwill			281				288
Deferred acquisition and franchise costs			543				583
		$	6,473			$	6,891

In thousands		2020				2019
Investment in CoBank		$	4,374			$	3,968
Goodwill			623				—
Other			312				289
		$	5,309			$	4,257