Aspira Women's Health Inc. - Quarter Report: 2019 June (Form 10-Q)



UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549

                                      

FORM 10-Q

                                      

(Mark One)



☑     QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended June 30, 2019



OR



☐     TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934



For the transition period from ______ to ______



Commission File Number:  001-34810

                                            



                                            



(512) 519-0400

(Registrant’s telephone number,  including area code)

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Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:







Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.  Yes ☑ No ☐



Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files).  Yes ☑ No ☐



Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company.  See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.



If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐



Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).  Yes ☐ No ☑





As of July 31, 2019, the registrant had 97,190,700 shares of common stock, par value $0.001 per share, outstanding.





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VERMILLION, INC.



FORM 10-Q

For the Quarter Ended June 30, 2019

Table of Contents







The following are registered and pending trademarks of Vermillion, Inc.: Vermillion®, OVA1®, Overa® and ASPiRA GenetiXSM.

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PART I - FINANCIAL INFORMATION



ITEM 1.FINANCIAL STATEMENTS



Vermillion, Inc.

Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets

(Amounts in Thousands, Except Share and Par Value Amounts)

(Unaudited)







See accompanying notes to the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

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Vermillion, Inc.

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations

(Amounts in Thousands, Except Share and Per Share Amounts)

(Unaudited)







See accompanying notes to the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

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Vermillion, Inc.

Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders’ Equity

(Amounts in Thousands, Except Share Amounts)

(Unaudited)











See accompanying notes to the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

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Vermillion, Inc.

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows

(Amounts in Thousands)

(Unaudited)







See accompanying notes to the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

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Vermillion, Inc.

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

(Unaudited)





1.   ORGANIZATION, BASIS OF PRESENTATION AND SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING AND REPORTING POLICIES

Organization

Vermillion, Inc. (“Vermillion” Vermillion and its wholly-owned subsidiaries are collectively referred to as the “Company,” “we” or “our”) is incorporated in the state of Delaware, and is engaged in the business of developing and commercializing diagnostic tests for gynecologic disease. The Company sells OVA1 and Overa risk of malignancy tests for ovarian cancer (“OVA1” and “Overa,” respectively) through Vermillion’s wholly-owned Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments of 1988 (“CLIA”) certified clinical laboratory, ASPiRA LABS, Inc. (“ASPiRA LABS”).

The Company also offers in-vitro diagnostic (“IVD”) trial services to third-party customers through its wholly-owned subsidiary, ASPiRA IVD, Inc. (“ASPiRA IVD”), which commenced operations in June 2016. ASPiRA IVD is a specialized, CLIA certified, laboratory provider dedicated to meeting the unique testing needs of IVD manufacturers seeking to commercialize high-complexity assays. In addition, the Company launched genetic testing for specific women’s health diseases, called ASPiRA GenetiX, with a core focus on ovarian cancer.

Liquidity

The Company has incurred significant net losses and negative cash flows from operations since inception, and as a result has an accumulated deficit of approximately $414,954,000 at June 30, 2019. The Company also expects to incur a net loss and negative cash flows from operations for 2019. There can be no assurance that the Company will achieve or sustain profitability or positive cash flow from operations. However, management believes that the current working capital position will be sufficient to meet the Company’s working capital needs for at least the next 12 months.

As discussed in Note 4, on June 28, 2019, the Company completed a public offering (the “Offering”), pursuant to which certain investors purchased Vermillion common stock for net proceeds of approximately $13,800,000 after deducting underwriting discounts, commissions and certain underwriting expenses but before deducting other expenses payable by us.  On July 2, 2019, William Blair & Company, L.L.C., the sole underwriter of the Offering, exercised its option to purchase additional shares of Vermillion common stock for net proceeds of $2,092,500,  after deducting underwriting discounts and commissions.

As discussed in Note 4, on April 17, 2018, the Company completed two public offerings (the “2018 Offerings”), pursuant to which certain investors purchased Vermillion common stock and Vermillion Series B convertible preferred stock for net proceeds of approximately $13,500,000 after deducting offering expenses.

As discussed in Note 3, in March 2016, the Company entered into an agreement (the “Loan Agreement”) pursuant to which it may borrow up to $4,000,000 from the State of Connecticut Department of Economic and Community Development (the “DECD”). An initial disbursement of $2,000,000 was made to the Company on April 15, 2016 under the Loan Agreement. The remaining $2,000,000 will be advanced if and when the Company achieves certain future milestones. The loan may be prepaid at any time without premium or penalty.



Basis of Presentation

The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”) for interim financial information and with the instructions to Form 10-Q and Article 8-03 of Regulation S-X. Accordingly, they do not include all of the information and footnotes required by GAAP for complete financial statements. In the opinion of management of the Company, all adjustments, consisting of normal recurring adjustments necessary for

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the fair statement of results for the periods presented, have been included. The results of operations of any interim period are not necessarily indicative of the results of operations for the full year or any other interim period.

The unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements and related disclosures have been prepared with the presumption that users of the interim unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements have read or have access to the audited consolidated financial statements for the preceding fiscal year. The condensed consolidated balance sheet at December 31, 2018 included in this report has been derived from the audited consolidated financial statements at that date but does not include all the information and footnotes required by GAAP. Accordingly, these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements and notes thereto for the year ended December 31, 2018 included in Vermillion’s Annual Report on Form 10-K, which was filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on March 28, 2019 (the “2018 Annual Report”).

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimated results.



Significant Accounting and Reporting Policies

Revenue Recognition

The Company accounts for revenue in accordance with ASC Topic 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (“ASC 606”), which it adopted on January 1, 2018 using the modified retrospective method. In accordance with ASC 606, revenue is recognized when a customer obtains control of promised goods or services. The amount of revenue recognized reflects the consideration to which the Company expects to be entitled to receive in exchange for these goods and services.



Product Revenue

The Company's product revenue is generated by performing diagnostic services using its OVA1 and Overa tests, and the service is completed upon the delivery of the test result to the prescribing physician. The entire transaction price is allocated to the single performance obligation contained in a contract with a patient. All revenue is recognized upon completion of the OVA1 or Overa test based on estimates of amounts that will ultimately be realized. In determining the amount of revenue to be recognized for a delivered test result, the Company considers factors such as payment history and amount, payer coverage, whether there is a reimbursement contract between the payer and the Company, and any current developments or changes that could impact reimbursement. These estimates require significant judgment by management as the collection cycle on some accounts can be as long as one year.    

The Company also reviewed its patient account population and determined an appropriate distribution of patient accounts by payer (i.e., Medicare, patient pay, other third-party payer, etc.) into portfolios with similar collection experience. The Company has elected this practical expedient that, when evaluated for collectability, results in a materially consistent revenue amount for such portfolios as if each patient account were evaluated on an individual contract basis. There were no impairment losses on accounts receivable recorded during the six months ended June 30, 2019.



Service Revenue

The Company’s service revenue is generated by performing IVD trial services for third-party customers. Measurement of progress on contracts with customers will generally be based on the input measurement of cost incurred relative to the total expected costs to satisfy the performance obligation.



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Recent Accounting Pronouncements

In March 2016, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued ASU 2016-09, Improvements to Employee Share-Based Payment Accounting (Topic 718), Compensation - Stock Compensation (“ASU 2016-09”). The guidance simplifies several aspects of the accounting for share-based payments, including immediate recognition of all excess tax benefits and deficiencies in the income statement, changing the threshold to qualify for equity classification up to the employees' maximum statutory tax rates, allowing an entity-wide accounting policy election to either estimate the number of awards that are expected to vest or account for forfeitures as they occur, and clarifying the classification on the statement of cash flows for the excess tax benefit and employee taxes paid when an employer withholds shares for tax-withholding purposes. ASU 2016-09 is effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2016 and interim periods within that reporting period. The Company adopted this standard on January 1, 2018, and the adoption did not have a material impact on the consolidated financial statements. In June 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-07, Improvements to Nonemployee Share-Base Payment Accounting. This new guidance expands the scope of Topic 718 to include share-based payment transactions from acquiring goods and services from nonemployees, which was previously codified under Topic 505, where this change will modify the measurement requirements of nonemployee awards. This amendment is effective for annual periods after December 15, 2018. The Company adopted this standard on January 1, 2019, and its impact was not material.

In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-2, Leases (Topic 842) (“ASU 2016-2”). This guidance is intended to make leasing activities more transparent and comparable, and requires substantially all leases to be recognized by lessees on their balance sheet as a right-of-use asset and corresponding lease liability, including leases currently accounted for as operating leases. ASU 2016-2 is effective for interim and annual periods beginning after December 15, 2018. Entities are required to use a modified retrospective approach for leases that exist or are entered into after the beginning of the earliest comparative period in the financial statements. Full retrospective application is prohibited, and early adoption was permitted. The Company adopted ASU 2016-02 effective January 1, 2019 and elected the package of practical expedients and the new transition approach permitted by ASU 2018-11. ASU 2018-11 allows the Company not to reassess existing identification of leases, classification of leases or any initial direct costs. The Company has also elected to use the hindsight practical expedient. The Company has two office leases which are required to be recorded as Right of Use (“ROU”) assets and corresponding lease liabilities on the balance sheet. The Company had no short term leases with terms of less than twelve months as of the adoption date. The Company recognized ROU assets and a lease liability of approximately $178,000 related to its leases on its consolidated balance sheet as of January 1, 2019. The Company did not have a cumulative adjustment impacting retained earnings.

In May 2014, the FASB issued ASC 606, which superseded existing revenue recognition guidance. The standard’s core principle is that a company will recognize revenue when it transfers promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the company expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. The Company adopted ASC 606 effective January 1, 2018 using the modified retrospective method. Please see the above “Revenue Recognition” section for a discussion of the Company’s revenue recognition under ASC 606.

 

2.   AGREEMENTS WITH QUEST DIAGNOSTICS INCORPORATED



In March 2015, the Company entered into a commercial agreement with Quest Diagnostics, Incorporated (“Quest Diagnostics”). Pursuant to this agreement, all OVA1 U.S. testing services for Quest Diagnostics customers were transferred to Vermillion’s wholly-owned subsidiary, ASPiRA LABS, as of August 2015. Pursuant to this agreement, as amended as of March 1, 2018, Quest Diagnostics is continuing to provide blood draw and logistics support by transporting specimens from its clients to ASPiRA LABS for testing through at least March 11, 2019 in exchange for a market value fee. As of the date of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, we are in the process of renewing this agreement.

 

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3.   COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES



Development Loan

On March 22, 2016, the Company entered into the Loan Agreement with the DECD, pursuant to which the Company may borrow up to $4,000,000 from the DECD. Proceeds from the loan were utilized primarily to fund the build-out, information technology infrastructure and other costs related to the Company’s Trumbull, Connecticut facility and operations. The loan bears interest at a fixed rate of 2.0% per annum and requires equal monthly payments of principal and interest until maturity, which occurs on April 15, 2026. As security for the loan, the Company has granted the DECD a blanket security interest in the Company’s personal and intellectual property. The DECD’s security interest in the Company’s intellectual property may be subordinated to a qualified institutional lender. Under the terms of the Loan Agreement, as amended, the Company may be eligible for forgiveness of up to $2,000,000 of the principal amount of the loan if the Company achieves certain job creation and retention milestones by March 1, 2021 (the “Measurement Date”). Conversely, if the Company is either unable to meet these job creation and retention milestones, namely, hiring and retaining for a consecutive two-year period 40 full-time employees with a specified average annual salary by the Measurement Date, or does not maintain the Company’s Connecticut operations for a period of 10 years, the DECD may require early repayment of a portion or all of the loan depending on job attainment as compared to the required amount plus a penalty of 5% of the total funded loan.  

An initial disbursement of $2,000,000 was made to the Company on April 15, 2016 under the Loan Agreement. The remaining $2,000,000 will be advanced if and when the Company achieves certain other future milestones. The loan may be prepaid at any time without premium or penalty.



Operating Leases

The Company leases facilities to support its business of discovering, developing and commercializing diagnostic tests in the fields of gynecologic disease. The Company’s principal facility, including the CLIA laboratory used by ASPiRA LABS, is located in Austin, Texas, and the CLIA laboratory used by ASPiRA IVD is located in Trumbull, Connecticut. The Austin, Texas lease expires on January 31, 2020 with no automatic renewal or renewal option. 

In October 2015, the Company entered into a lease agreement for a facility in Trumbull, Connecticut. The lease required initial payments for the buildout of leasehold improvements to the office space, which were approximately $596,000. The term of the lease is five years beginning after the initial date of occupancy in January 2016 and a rent abatement period of five months, with two subsequent five-year renewal options at a rate equal to 90% of the then current fair market rate.

As of the date of the implementation of the new lease standard, ASU 2016-2, the Company was not reasonably certain to exercise the renewal option for its Trumbull, Connecticut lease due to the uncertain nature of its pricing.

The expense associated with these operating leases for the three months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018 is shown in the table below (in thousands).





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The expense associated with these operating leases for the six months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018 is shown in the table below (in thousands).





Based on our leases as of June 30, 2019, the table below sets forth the approximate future lease payments related to operating leases with initial terms of one year or more (in thousands).







Weighted-average lease term and discount rate were as follows:



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Non-cancelable Royalty Obligations

The Company is a party to an amended research collaboration agreement with The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine under which the Company licenses certain of its intellectual property. Under the terms of the amended research collaboration agreement, Vermillion is required to pay the greater of 4% royalties on net sales of diagnostic tests using the assigned patents or annual minimum royalties of $57,500. Royalty expense for the three months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018 totalled $44,000 and $25,000, respectively. Royalty expense for the six months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018 totalled $75,000 and $49,000, respectively.

  

4.   STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY



2019 Offering

On June 26, 2019, the Company entered into an underwriting agreement (the “Underwriting Agreement”) with William Blair & Company, L.L.C., as the sole underwriter (the “Underwriter”), in connection with an underwritten public offering of Vermillion common stock.

Pursuant to the Underwriting Agreement, the Company agreed to issue and sell an aggregate of 18,750,000 shares of Vermillion common stock offered by the Underwriter in a public offering at a price of $0.80 per share (the “Offering”). The Offering closed on June 28, 2019 and resulted in proceeds to the Company, after deducting underwriting discounts, commissions and certain underwriting expenses but before deducting other expenses payable by us, of approximately $13,800,000. Under the Underwriting Agreement, the Company granted the Underwriter an option to purchase up to an additional 2,812,500 shares of Vermillion common stock at the public offering price, less underwriting discounts and commissions. On July 2, 2019, the Underwriter exercised its option to purchase 2,812,500 shares of Vermillion common stock at a price of $0.80 per share and resulted in proceeds to the Company, after deducting underwriting discounts and commissions, of $2,092,500.



2018 Offerings    

On April 13, 2018, the Company entered into two underwriting agreements (each, a “2018 Underwriting Agreement”) with Piper Jaffray & Co., as the sole underwriter (the “2018 Underwriter”), in connection with separate but concurrent public offerings of the Company’s securities.

Pursuant to the first 2018 Underwriting Agreement, the Company agreed to issue and sell an aggregate of 10,000,000 shares of Vermillion common stock offered by the 2018 Underwriter in a public offering at a price to the public of $1.00 per share (the “2018 Common Stock Offering”). Under this 2018 Underwriting Agreement, the Company granted the 2018 Underwriter an option to purchase up to an additional 1,500,000 shares of Vermillion common stock at the public offering price, less underwriting discounts and commissions, to cover over-allotments, if any. The 2018 Underwriter did not exercise this option. The 2018 Common Stock Offering closed on April 17, 2018 and resulted in proceeds, net of 7% underwriting costs and other offering costs, to the Company of $8,992,000.

Pursuant to the second 2018 Underwriting Agreement, the Company agreed to issue and sell an aggregate of 50,000 shares of Vermillion Series B Convertible Preferred Stock, par value $0.001 per share, offered by the 2018 Underwriter in a public offering at a price to the public of $100.00 per share (the “Series B Offering”). The Series B Offering closed on April 17, 2018 and resulted in proceeds, net of 7% underwriting costs and other offering costs, to the Company of $4,496,000.

Upon obtaining Company stockholder approval at the annual meeting of Company stockholders on June 21, 2018, each of the 50,000 shares of Vermillion Series B Convertible Preferred Stock was automatically converted into shares of Vermillion common stock, at a conversion rate of 100 shares of Vermillion common stock per one share of Vermillion Series B Convertible Preferred Stock, including shares issuable pursuant to customary anti-dilution provisions.



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2010 Stock Incentive Plan

The Company’s employees, directors, and consultants were eligible to receive awards under the Vermillion, Inc. Second Amended and Restated 2010 Stock Incentive Plan (the “2010 Plan”), which was replaced by the 2019 Plan (as defined below) with respect to future equity grants. As of June 30, 2019, a total of 7,159,586 shares of Vermillion common stock were reserved with respect to outstanding stock options and unvested restricted stock awards. 



2019 Stock Incentive Plan

At the Company’s annual meeting of stockholders on June 18, 2019, the Company’s stockholders approved the Vermillion, Inc. 2019 Stock Incentive Plan (the “2019 Plan”). The purposes of the 2019 Plan are (i) to align the interests of the Company’s stockholders and recipients of awards under the 2019 Plan by increasing the proprietary interest of such recipients in the Company’s growth and success; (ii) to advance the interests of the Company by attracting and retaining non-employee directors, officers, other employees, consultants, independent contractors and agents; and (iii) to motivate such persons to act in the long-term best interests of the Company and its stockholders.  The 2019 Plan allows the Company to grant stock options, stock appreciation rights, restricted stock, restricted stock units and performance awards to participants.



Subject to the terms and conditions of the 2019 Plan, the initial number of shares authorized for grants under the 2019 Plan is 10,492,283. To the extent an equity award granted under the 2019 Plan or the 2010 Plan expires or otherwise terminates without having been exercised or paid in full, or is settled in cash, the shares of common stock subject to such award will become available for future grant under the 2019 Plan.  As of June 30, 2019, a total of 10,492,283 shares of common stock had been reserved for issuance under the 2019 Plan, of which 100,000 shares of common stock are subject to outstanding stock options.







Stock-Based Compensation

During the six months ended June 30, 2019, the Company awarded the Company’s non-employee directors an aggregate of 190,909 shares of restricted stock under the 2010 Plan having a grant date fair value of approximately $252,000. The vesting of these shares of restricted stock is as follows: 25% on April 1, 2019; 25% on June 1, 2019; 25% on September 1, 2019; and 25% on December 1, 2019. During the six months ended June 30, 2019, the Company also granted the Company’s non-employee directors options to purchase an aggregate of 402,584 shares of Vermillion common stock with an exercise price of $1.29 per share.

During the six months ended June 30, 2019, the Company awarded certain consultants 11,667 shares of restricted stock under the 2010 Plan having a grant date fair value of approximately $10,000. During the six months ended June 30, 2019, the Company also granted certain consultants options to purchase 50,000 shares of Vermillion common stock with an exercise price of $0.47 per share. These stock options have performance-based vesting conditions based on certain metrics through March 31, 2020.  The Company also granted certain consultants options to purchase an aggregate of 100,000 shares of Vermillion common stock with an exercise price of $1.29 per share. 

During the three months ended June 30, 2019, the Company also granted certain consultants options to purchase an aggregate of 35,001 shares of Vermillion common stock with an exercise price of $1.28 per share. These stock options were granted under the 2010 Plan and were fully vested at the time of the grant.

During the six months ended June 30, 2019, the Company granted certain officers and employees options to purchase an aggregate of 575,000 shares of Vermillion common stock with an exercise price of $0.47 per share. These stock options were granted under the 2010 Plan and have performance-based vesting conditions based on certain metrics through March 31, 2020.  

During the six months ended June 30, 2019, the Company granted certain officers and employees options to purchase an aggregate of 55,000 shares of Vermillion common stock with an exercise price of $0.71 per share,

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125,000 shares of Vermillion common stock with an exercise price of $0.77 per share and 1,073,000 shares of Vermillion common stock with an exercise price of $1.29 per share. These stock options were granted under the 2010 Plan and vest 25% on each of the four anniversaries of the vesting commencement date for each such stock option. 

During the three months ended June 30, 2019, the Company granted certain officers and employees options to purchase an aggregate of 14,000 shares of Vermillion common stock with an exercise price of $1.28 per share and 20,000 shares of Vermillion common stock with an exercise price of $1.13. These stock options were granted under the 2010 Plan and vest 25% on each of the four anniversaries of the vesting commencement date for each such stock option. 

During the three months ended June 30, 2019, the Company also granted certain officers and employees options to purchase an aggregate of 100,000 shares of Vermillion common stock with an exercise price of $1.01 per share. These stock options were granted under the 2019 Plan and vest 25% on each of the four anniversaries of the vesting commencement date for each such stock option.



The allocation of employee stock-based compensation expense by functional area for the three and six months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018 was as follows:

 













































5.   LOSS PER SHARE

The Company calculates basic loss per share using the weighted average number of shares of Vermillion common stock outstanding during the period. Because the Company is in a net loss position, diluted loss per share is calculated using the weighted average number of shares of Vermillion common stock outstanding and excludes the effects of 10,069,924 and 7,572,134 potential shares of Vermillion common stock as of June 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively, that are anti-dilutive. Potential shares of Vermillion common stock include incremental shares of Vermillion common stock issuable upon the exercise of outstanding warrants, stock options and unvested restricted stock units.



6.   RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS

On December 18, 2017, the Company entered into a consulting agreement for a term of up to five months with the Company’s former Senior Vice President, Finance and Chief Accounting Officer. Pursuant to the terms of the consulting agreement through May 15, 2018, the consultant provided accounting and finance services related to the transition of financial leadership. The Company agreed to pay $150 per hour for such consulting services. The consultant also remained eligible for payout under the Company’s 2017 Corporate Incentive Plan after he satisfactorily met certain performance obligations as outlined in the consulting agreement. During the six months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018, the consultant was paid an aggregate of none and $53,925 for services provided pursuant to the consulting agreement. 



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   ITEM 2.  MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

Forward-Looking Statements

This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q contains forward-looking statements, as defined in the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995.



These statements involve a number of risks and uncertainties. Words such as “may,” “expects,” “intends,” “anticipates,” “believes,” “estimates,” “plans,” “seeks,” “could,” “should,” “continue,” “will,” “potential,” “projects” and similar expressions are intended to identify such forward-looking statements. Readers are cautioned that these forward-looking statements speak only as of the date on which this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q is filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”), and, except as required by law, Vermillion, Inc. (“Vermillion” and, together with its subsidiaries, the “Company,” “we,” “our,” or “us”) does not assume any obligation to update, amend or clarify them to reflect events, new information or circumstances occurring after such date.



Examples of forward-looking statements regarding our business include the following:

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Forward-looking statements are subject to significant risks and uncertainties, including those discussed in Part I, Item 1A “Risk Factors” of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018 (our “2018 Annual Report”), as supplemented by the section entitled “Risk Factors” in Part II, Item 1A of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, that could cause actual results to differ materially from those projected in such forward-looking statements due to various factors, including our ability to continue as a going concern; ability to increase the volume of our product sales; failures by third-party payers to reimburse OVA1 or Overa or changes or variances in reimbursement rates; our ability to secure additional capital on acceptable terms to execute our business plan; our ability to comply with Nasdaq’s continued listing requirements to remain publicly traded; in the event that we succeed in commercializing OVA1, Overa, OVA1PLUS and ASPiRA GenetiX outside the United States, the political, economic and other conditions affecting other countries; our ability to continue developing existing technologies; our ability to develop and commercialize additional diagnostic products and achieve market acceptance with respect to these products; our ability to compete successfully; our ability to obtain any regulatory approval required for our future diagnostic products; our or our suppliers’ ability to comply with Food and Drug Administration (“FDA”) requirements for production, marketing and post-market monitoring of our products; additional costs that may be required to make further improvements to our manufacturing operations; our ability to

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maintain sufficient or acceptable supplies of immunoassay kits from our suppliers; our ability to continue to develop, protect and promote our proprietary technologies; our ability to use intellectual property directed to diagnose biomarkers; our ability to successfully defend our proprietary technology against third parties; future litigation against us, including infringement of intellectual property and product liability exposure; our ability to retain key employees; business interruptions; changes in healthcare policy; our ability to comply with environmental laws; our ability to comply with the additional laws and regulations that apply to us in connection with the operation of ASPiRA LABS; our ability to comply with FDA regulations that relate to our products and to obtain any FDA clearance or approval required to develop and perform LDTs; our ability to integrate and achieve anticipated results from any acquisitions or strategic alliances; our ability to use our net operating loss carryforwards; and liquidity and trading volume of our common stock.   



Overview

Our vision is to drive the advancement of women’s health by providing innovative methods to detect, monitor and manage the treatment of both benign and malignant gynecologic disease.

We expanded our commercial strategy in late 2018 and in the first quarter of 2019 through an investment in our commercial team and the establishment of medical and advisory support and a Key Opinion Leader Network aligned with our territories in the U.S. 

We ultimately plan to commercialize OVA1,  Overa OVA1PLUS and ASPiRA GenetiX on a global level. We currently hold CE marks for OVA1 and Overa. During 2018 we put OVA1 and Overa on a global testing platform, which allows both tests to be deployed worldwide.

We also plan to develop an LDT product series, which we refer to internally as Diagnostic Algorithms #1 (“DxA1”) and Diagnostic Algorithms #2 (“DxA2”). We anticipate that DxA1 and DxA2 will include not only biomarkers, but also clinical risk factors, other diagnostics and patient history data in order to boost predictive value. In the second half of 2018 and the first quarter of 2019, we reorganized internally and reinvested in a stronger sales and marketing team in order to better position our new commercial offerings.

Our initial product, OVA1, is a blood test designed to, in addition to a physician’s clinical assessment of a woman with a pelvic mass, identify women who are at high risk of having a malignant ovarian tumor prior to planned surgery. The FDA cleared OVA1 in September 2009, and we commercially launched OVA1 in March 2010. In March 2016, we received FDA clearance for a second-generation biomarker panel known as Overa, which is intended to maintain our product’s high sensitivity while improving specificity. OVA1 and Overa each use the Roche cobas 4000, 6000 and 8000 platforms.

In June 2014, Vermillion launched ASPiRA LABS, a Clinical Laboratory Improvements Amendments of 1988 (“CLIA”) certified national laboratory based in Austin, Texas, which specializes in applying biomarker-based technologies to address critical needs in the management of gynecologic cancers and disease. ASPiRA LABS provides expert diagnostic services using a state-of-the-art biomarker-based diagnostic algorithm to aid in clinical decision making and advance personalized treatment plans. The lab currently processes our OVA1 and Overa tests, and we plan to expand the testing to other gynecologic conditions with high unmet need. We also plan to develop and perform LDTs at ASPiRA LABS. ASPiRA LABS holds a CLIA Certificate of Registration and a state laboratory license in California, Florida, Maryland, New York, Pennsylvania and Rhode Island. This allows the lab to process OVA1 on a national basis. The Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (“CMS”) issued a provider number to ASPiRA LABS in March 2015.

In the fourth quarter of 2018, we launched our new generation of technology, OVA1PLUS. OVA1PLUS was designed to improve accuracy and reduce false elevations in the intermediate risk area by nearly 40% by leveraging the strengths of OVA1’s sensitivity and Overa’s specificity. It is a combination of OVA1 and Overa, where Overa is used as a second test for those samples that fall in the intermediate risk zone based on the OVA1 test results. These complementary tests help drive earlier detection, which in turn lowers overall healthcare costs and reduces inefficiencies in the care pathway. OVA1PLUS is available through a decentralized platform structure, which will allow other facilities, including hospital networks and super groups, to perform OVA1 locally and upload raw data to us and receive the OVA1 score, enabling increased reach and access in the geographic areas we serve. We plan to eventually pursue larger-scale partnerships to leverage this decentralized platform.

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In the first quarter of 2019, we announced that Cigna added OVA1®(MIA) to its national preferred coverage list effective January 15, 2019. 

In June 2019, we announced that both BlueCross BlueShield of Texas and BlueCross BlueShield of Arizona are now offering preferred coverage for OVA1®(MIA).

In June 2019, our first CA125 disparity data manuscript, Multivariate Index Assay is Superior to CA125 and HE4 Testing in Detection of Ovarian Malignancy in African-American Women, was published. Our second manuscript was accepted in July 2019.



Strategy:

We are focused on the execution of four core strategic business drivers in ovarian cancer diagnostics and specialized laboratory services to build long-term value for our investors:



We believe that these business drivers will contribute significantly to addressing unmet medical needs for women faced with gynecologic disease and other conditions and the continued development of our business.

We have active international distribution agreements for Overa with Pro-Genetics LTD in Israel and MacroHealth, Inc. in the Philippines. The MacroHealth, Inc. agreement was our first decentralized international agreement with Overa specimen testing to be performed in the Philippines.

In the United States, revenue for diagnostic tests comes from several sources, including third-party payers such as insurance companies, government healthcare programs, such as Medicare and Medicaid, client bill accounts and patients. Novitas Solutions, a Medicare contractor, covers and reimburses for OVA1 tests performed in certain states, including Texas. Due to OVA1 tests being performed exclusively at ASPiRA LABS in Texas, the local coverage determination from Novitas Solutions essentially provides national coverage for patients enrolled in Medicare as well as Medicare Advantage health plans. ASPiRA LABS also bills third-party commercial and other government payers as well as client bill accounts and patients for OVA1.

In November 2016, the ACOG issued Practice Bulletin Number 174 which included OVA1 as a “Multivariate Index Assay”,  outlining ACOG's clinical management guidelines for adnexal mass management. Practice Bulletin Number 174 recommends that obstetricians and gynecologists evaluating women with adnexal masses who do not meet Level A criteria of a low risk transvaginal ultrasound should proceed with Level B clinical guidelines. Level B guidelines state that the physician may use risk assessment tools such as existing CA125 technology or OVA1 (“Multivariate Index Assay”) as listed in the bulletin. Based on this, OVA1 achieved parity with CA125 as a Level B clinical recommendation for the management of adnexal masses.

Practice Bulletins summarize current information on techniques and clinical management issues for the practice of obstetrics and gynecology. Practice Bulletins are evidence-based documents, and recommendations are based on the evidence. This is also the only clinical management tool used for adnexal masses. Although there are

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Practice Bulletins, guidelines do not exist for adnexal masses. ACOG guidelines do exist, however, for ovarian cancer management.  

In October 2018, ASPiRA LABS launched OVA1PLUS, a new clinical pathway which combines the strengths of OVA1® and Overa®. The new offering improves accuracy and reduces false elevated risk results by nearly 40%.

In the fourth quarter of 2018, we launched our new platform and cloud service for decentralizing OVA1 testing. The platform and web service will allow other facilities to perform OVA1 and calculate OVA1 scores locally, enabling increased reach and access in the markets we serve.



Recent Developments

In parallel to building our OVA platform offering and our commercial deployment, we have been working on several key publications and product extensions.

In May 2019, our first CA125 disparity publication series “Multivariate Index Assay is Superior to CA125 and HE4 Testing in Detection of Ovarian Malignancy in African American Women” was accepted for publication by Biomarkers in Cancer, an international peer-reviewed journal. The research was initiated after the publication of four independent articles showing that African American and non-Caucasian women have lower CA125 levels than Caucasian women. CA125 and HE4 have been used to evaluate women with pelvic masses to determine clinical management. Our review of data from previous prospective studies from ASPiRA Labs revealed that the OVA1 multivariate index assay had superior sensitivity to CA125 and HE4 in detecting ovarian malignancy with marked increases in the African American population. CA125 and HE4 detected only 54.5% of malignancy while OVA1 was able to detect 79.1% in African American women. OVA1 was superior in Caucasian women as well at 93.2% versus 82.9% for CA125 and HE4. This is the first peer reviewed paper on this topic. Our goal is to offer an ethnicity specific pelvic mass risk assessment starting with African American women.

In addition to an ethnicity-specific risk assessment, we are in the development stage of a third generation algorithm. The new test will have a  negative predictive value of greater than 99%, which will allow physicians to monitor women with a mass to delay or avoid unnecessary surgery. In May 2019, we submitted an abstract to the European Society of Gynaecological Oncology, as well as a manuscript to a domestic journal supporting the launch of our test. The test will initially be launched as an LDT in the fourth quarter of 2019, but the prospective monitoring study will be designed to enable us to submit for FDA clearance if we choose to do so.

In June 2019, we launched genetic testing for specific women’s health diseases, called ASPiRA GenetiX, with a core focus on ovarian cancer. Our initial launch is an offering to detect hereditary breast and ovarian cancer syndrome (“HBOC”) and carriers of the gene. Women who test positive for HBOC mutations have a significantly elevated risk of developing ovarian cancer. This complementary product offering will be at the same call point as OVA1PLUS, and, in time, testing results will be reported in a combined report with OVA1PLUS.

In June 2019, a study was published indicating that in a comparison of Overa against ROMA (HE4 + CA125) and CA125, Overa, had the highest performance in early stage ovarian cancer risk (90.5% sensitivity) assessment outperforming ROMA (HE4 + CA125) (76.2% sensitivity) and CA125 (63.1% sensitivity).

In July 2019, a new study was accepted for publication indicating that Overa, when used in conjunction with imaging methods as part of a clinical workup for an adnexal mass, increased sensitivity over imaging alone.



Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

Our product revenue is generated by performing diagnostic services using our OVA1 and Overa tests, and the service is completed upon the delivery of the test result to the prescribing physician. Under the previous revenue recognition accounting methodology, certain product revenue was recognized upon the ultimate receipt of cash. Under ASC Topic 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (“ASC 606”), all revenue is recognized upon completion of the OVA1 or Overa test based on estimates of amounts that will ultimately be realized. In determining the amount to accrue for a delivered test result, we consider factors such as historical payment history and amount,

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payer coverage, whether there is a reimbursement contract between the payer and us, and any current developments or changes that could impact reimbursement. These estimates require significant judgment by management. We also reviewed our patient account population and determined an appropriate distribution of patient accounts by payer (i.e., Medicare, patient pay, other third-party payer, etc.) into portfolios with similar collection experience. When evaluated for collectability, this results in a materially consistent revenue amount for such portfolios as if each patient account were evaluated on an individual contract basis.





Results of Operations - Three Months Ended June 30, 2019 Compared to Three Months Ended June 30, 2018



The selected summary financial and operating data of the Company for the three months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018 were as follows:





Product Revenue.  Product revenue was $1,100,000 for the three months ended June 30, 2019 compared to $627,000 for the same period in 2018. Revenue for ASPiRA LABS is being recognized when the OVA1 test is being performed based on estimates of what we expect to ultimately realize. The 75% product revenue increase is due to an increase in the number of our tests performed. We expect revenue to increase over the remainder of the year as the sales team continues to execute its strategy.

The number of OVA1 tests performed increased 66% to approximately 3,129 OVA1 tests during the three months ended June 30, 2019 compared to approximately 1,884 OVA1 tests for the same period in 2018. We expect the test volume to improve over the remainder of the year as we continue to realize returns from our sales and marketing investments.

Service Revenue.  Service revenue was $42,000 for the three months ended June 30, 2019 compared to $81,000 for the same period in 2018. Service revenue varies from quarter to quarter based on the stages of ongoing customer projects. Revenue for ASPiRA IVD is being recognized once certain revenue recognition criteria have been met. We expect service revenue to decrease in the third quarter of 2019 compared to the second quarter of 2019.

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Cost of Revenue - Product.  Cost of product revenue was $698,000 for the three months ended June 30, 2019 compared to $528,000 for the same period in 2018, representing an increase of 32% due primarily to increases in postage costs due to new kits, partially offset by decreases in depreciation and equipment costs. We expect the cost of product revenue to increase slightly in the third quarter of 2019 compared to the second quarter of 2019.

Cost of Revenue - Service.  Cost of service revenue was $210,000 for the three months ended June 30, 2019 compared to $280,000 for the same period in 2018. The 25% decrease related primarily to lower headcount and depreciation. We expect the cost of service revenue to fluctuate consistent with service revenue to some extent. However, due to the fixed nature of the costs, we expect the third quarter costs to be largely consistent with those of the second quarter.  

Research and Development Expenses.  Research and development expenses represent costs incurred to develop our technology and carry out clinical studies, and include personnel-related expenses, regulatory costs, reagents and supplies used in research and development laboratory work, infrastructure expenses, contract services and other outside costs. Research and development expenses for the three months ended June 30, 2019 increased by $71,000, or 46%, compared to the same period in 2018. This increase was primarily due to purchases required for a study in 2019, as well as an increase in consulting expenses. We expect research and development expenses to increase slightly from the second to the third quarter of 2019 due to expenses in connection with the completion of ongoing studies and publications.

Sales and Marketing Expenses.  Our sales and marketing expenses consist primarily of personnel-related expenses, education and promotional expenses, and infrastructure expenses. These expenses include the costs of educating physicians and other healthcare professionals regarding OVA1 and Overa. Sales and marketing expenses also include the costs of sponsoring continuing medical education, medical meeting participation, and dissemination of scientific and health economic publications. Sales and marketing expenses for the three months ended June 30, 2019 increased $1,302,000, or 88%, compared to the same period in 2018. This increase was primarily due to increased headcount and personnel-related expenses in the second quarter of 2019 compared to 2018. We expect sales and marketing expenses to decrease modestly over the remainder of 2019 due to the termination of some consulting contracts, as well as the completing the expansion of our sales team.

General and Administrative Expenses.  General and administrative expenses consist primarily of personnel-related expenses, professional fees and other costs, including legal, finance and accounting expenses and other infrastructure expenses. General and administrative expenses for the three months ended June 30, 2019 increased by $235,000, or 18%, compared to the same period in 2018. This increase is primarily due to an increase in headcount and personnel-related expenses, as well as some startup costs for the launch of our genetics offering in the second quarter of 2019 when compared with those in the second quarter of 2018. We expect general and administrative expenses to remain consistent with the second quarter in the third quarter of 2019.



Results of Operations – Six Months Ended June 30, 2019 Compared to Six Months Ended June 30, 2018



The selected summary financial and operating data of the Company for the three months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018 were as follows:











Product Revenue.  Product revenue was $1,879,000 for the six months ended June 30, 2019 compared to $1,240,000 for the same period in 2018. The 52% product revenue increase is due to an increase in our tests performed, as well as improvement in our price per test.

The number of OVA1 tests performed increased 47% to approximately 5,442 OVA1 tests during the six months ended June 30, 2019 compared to approximately 3,702 OVA1 tests for the same period in 2018.

Service Revenue.  Service revenue was $66,000 for the six months ended June 30, 2019 compared to $117,000 for the same period in 2018. Service revenue varies from quarter to quarter based on the stages of ongoing customer projects.

Cost of Revenue - Product.  Cost of product revenue was $1,214,000 for the six months ended June 30, 2019 compared to $1,061,000 for the same period in 2018, representing an increase of 14% due to increases in postage costs due to new kits, partially offset by decreases in depreciation and equipment costs incurred in 2019.

Cost of Revenue - Service.  Cost of service revenue was $338,000 for the six months ended June 30, 2019 compared to $550,000 for the same period in 2018. The 29% decrease related primarily to lower headcount, lab supplies and depreciation.  

Research and Development Expenses.  Research and development expenses for the six months ended June 30, 2019 increased by $138,000, or 47%, compared to the same period in 2018. This increase was primarily due to clinical utility studies in 2019.

Sales and Marketing Expenses.  Sales and marketing expenses for the six months ended June 30, 2019 increased $2,441,000, or 90%, compared to the same period in 2018. This increase was primarily due to increased headcount and personnel-related expenses, partially offset by decreased consulting costs in 2019 compared to 2018.

General and Administrative Expenses.  General and administrative expenses for the six months ended June 30, 2019 increased by $176,000, or 7%, compared to the same period in 2018. This increase is primarily due to an increase in headcount, as well as increases to consulting and legal costs in 2019 when compared with those in 2018.



Liquidity and Capital Resources

We plan to continue to expend resources selling and marketing OVA1, Overa, OVA1PLUS and ASPiRA GenetiX and developing additional diagnostic tests and service capabilities.

We have incurred significant net losses and negative cash flows from operations since inception. At June 30, 2019, we had an accumulated deficit of $414,954,000 and stockholders’ equity of $13,366,000. As of June 30, 2019, we had $16,179,000 of cash and cash equivalents and $3,561,000 of current liabilities. The Company expects to incur a net loss in 2019 as well. Working capital was $14,004,000 and $7,824,000 at June 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively. 

On June 28, 2019, the Company completed the Offering pursuant to which certain investors purchased Vermillion common stock for net proceeds of approximately $13,800,000 after deducting underwriting discounts, commissions and certain underwriting expenses but before deducting other expenses payable by us.  On July 2, 2019, William Blair & Company, L.L.C., the sole underwriter of the Offering, exercised its option to purchase additional

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shares of Vermillion common stock for net proceeds of $2,092,500,  after deducting underwriting discounts and commissions.

On April 17, 2018, the Company completed the 2018 Offerings pursuant to which certain investors purchased shares of Vermillion common stock and shares of Vermillion Series B Convertible Preferred Stock for net proceeds of approximately $13,500,000 after deducting offering expenses.

On March 22, 2016, we entered into the Loan Agreement pursuant to which we may borrow up to $4,000,000 from the DECD. Proceeds from the loan were utilized primarily to fund the build-out, information technology infrastructure and other costs related to our Trumbull, Connecticut facility and operations. The loan bears interest at a fixed rate of 2.0% per annum and requires equal monthly payments of principal and interest until maturity, which occurs on April 15, 2026. As security for the loan, we have granted the DECD a blanket security interest in our personal and intellectual property. The DECD’s security interest in our intellectual property may be subordinated to a qualified institutional lender. Under the terms of the agreement, as amended, we may be eligible for forgiveness of up to $2,000,000 of the principal amount of the loan if we achieve certain job creation and retention milestones by March 1, 2021 (the “Measurement Date”). Conversely, if we are either unable to meet these job creation and retention milestones, namely, hiring and retaining for a consecutive two-year period 40 full-time employees with a specified average annual salary by the Measurement Date or do not maintain our Connecticut operations for a period of 10 years, the DECD may require early repayment of a portion or all of the loan depending on job attainment as compared to the required amount plus a penalty of 5% of the total funded loan.

An initial disbursement of $2,000,000 was made to the Company on April 15, 2016 under the Loan Agreement. The remaining $2,000,000 will be advanced if and when the Company achieves certain other future milestones. The loan may be prepaid at any time without premium or penalty.

We expect to incur a net loss and negative cash flows from operations in 2019. Our management believes that successful achievement of our business objectives may require additional capital. 

The Company expects to raise capital, if necessary, through a variety of sources, which may include the exercise of common stock warrants, equity offerings, debt financing, collaborations, licensing arrangements, grants and government funding and strategic alliances. However, additional funding may not be available when needed or on terms acceptable to the Company. If the Company is unable to obtain additional capital, it may not be able to continue sales and marketing, research and development, or other operations on the scope or scale of current activity and that could have a material adverse effect on the Company’s business, results of operations and financial condition.

Net cash used in operating activities was $6,652,000 for the six months ended June 30, 2019, resulting primarily from the net loss reported of $8,030,000, partially offset by changes in stock compensation expense of $597,000, accounts payable, accrued and other liabilities of $509,000, and depreciation and amortization of $215,000.

Net cash used in operating activities was $4,776,000 for the six months ended June 30, 2018, resulting primarily from the net loss reported of $5,899,000 partially offset by stock compensation expense of $543,000, depreciation and amortization of $370,000 and changes in accounts payable, accrued and other liabilities of $74,000.

Net cash used in investing activities was $82,000 and $34,000 for the six months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively, which consisted primarily of property and equipment purchases.

Net cash provided by financing activities was $13,553,000 and $13,406,000 for the six months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively, which resulted primarily from the proceeds from the sale of Vermillion common stock of $13,630,000 in our June 2019 public offering.

   Our future liquidity and capital requirements will depend upon many factors, including, among others:   

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We have significant net operating loss (“NOL”) carryforwards as of June 30, 2019 for which a full valuation allowance has been provided due to our history of operating losses. Section 382 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, as well as similar state provisions may restrict our ability to use our NOL credit carryforwards due to ownership change limitations occurring in the past or that could occur in the future. These ownership changes may also limit the amount of NOL credit carryforwards that can be utilized annually to offset future taxable income and tax, respectively.

Legislation commonly referred to as the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (H.R. 1) was enacted in December 2017. As a result of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act, NOLs arising before January 1, 2018 and NOLs arising after January 1, 2018 are subject to different rules. The Company’s pre-2018 NOLs will expire in varying amounts from 2023 through 2037, if not utilized, and can offset 100% of future taxable income for regular tax purposes. Any NOLs arising after January 1, 2018 can generally be carried forward indefinitely and can offset up to 80% of future taxable income. The Company’s ability to use its NOLs during this period will be dependent on its ability to generate taxable income, and the NOLs could expire before the Company generates sufficient taxable income. The Company’s ability to use NOL carryforwards may be restricted due to ownership change limitations occurring in the past or that could occur in the future, as required by Section 382 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (“Section 382”), as well as similar state specific provisions. These ownership changes may also limit the amount of NOL carryforwards that can be utilized annually to offset future taxable income and tax, respectively. 

The Company’s management believes that Section 382 ownership changes occurred as a result of the Company’s follow-on public offerings in 2011, 2013 and 2015. Any limitation may result in the expiration of a portion of the NOL carryforwards before utilization and any NOL carryforwards that expire prior to utilization as a result of such limitations will be removed from deferred tax assets with a corresponding reduction of the Company’s valuation allowance. Due to the existence of a valuation allowance, it is not expected that such limitations, if any, will have an impact on the Company’s results of operations or financial position. 



Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements



As of June 30, 2019, we had no off-balance sheet arrangements that are reasonably likely to have a current or future material effect on our condensed consolidated financial condition, results of operations, liquidity, capital expenditures or capital resources.





Per Item 305(e) of Regulation S-K, the information called for by this Item 3 is not required.



Evaluation of disclosure controls and procedures.



Our senior management is responsible for establishing and maintaining a system of disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rule 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”)) designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by us in the reports that we file or

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submit under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms. Disclosure controls and procedures include, without limitation, controls and procedures designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by an issuer in the reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act is accumulated and communicated to the issuer’s management, including its principal executive officer and principal financial officer, or persons performing similar functions, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. Management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, performed an evaluation of our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Exchange Act) as of June 30, 2019. Based on this evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer have concluded that as of June 30, 2019, our disclosure controls and procedures were effective.



Changes in internal controls over financial reporting.

There was no change in our internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the period covered by this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

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PART II - OTHER INFORMATION



In the ordinary course of business, we may periodically become subject to legal proceedings and claims arising in connection with ongoing business activities. The results of litigation and claims cannot be predicted with certainty, and unfavorable resolutions are possible and could materially and adversely affect our results of operations, cash flows and financial position. In addition, regardless of the outcome, litigation could have an adverse impact on us because of defense costs, diversion of management resources and other factors. While the outcome of these proceedings and claims cannot be predicted with certainty, there are no matters, as of June 30, 2019, that, in the opinion of management, will have a material adverse effect on our financial position, results of operations or cash flows.

ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS



Except as set forth below, there have been no material changes to our risk factors from those disclosed under “Risk Factors” in Part I, Item 1A of our 2018 Annual Report. The risks and uncertainties described below and in our 2018 Annual Report are not the only ones we face. Additional risks and uncertainties not presently known to us or that we currently deem immaterial may also materially adversely affect our business, financial condition or results of operations.

Failure to meet Nasdaq’s continued listing requirements could result in the delisting of Vermillion common stock, negatively impact the price of Vermillion common stock and negatively impact our ability to raise additional capital.

On August 2, 2019, we received a deficiency letter from the Listing Qualifications Department of The Nasdaq Stock Market stating that, for the preceding 30 consecutive business days, the closing bid price for Vermillion common stock was below the minimum $1.00 per share requirement for continued inclusion on The Nasdaq Capital Market pursuant to Nasdaq Listing Rule 5550(a)(2).  As provided in the Nasdaq rules, we have 180 calendar days, or until January 29, 2020, to regain compliance with the minimum bid price requirement. We may achieve compliance during this period if the closing bid price of Vermillion common stock is at least $1.00 per share for a minimum of 10 consecutive business days. If we fail to regain compliance on or prior to January 29,  2020, we may be eligible for an additional 180-calendar day compliance period.  There is no assurance that we will be able to regain compliance by the January 29, 2020 initial deadline or any extension thereof, and there is no assurance that we will otherwise maintain compliance with any of the other Nasdaq listing requirements.



If we fail to comply with Nasdaq’s continued listing requirements, Vermillion common stock will be subject to delisting. If that were to occur, Vermillion common stock would be subject to rules that impose additional sales practice requirements on broker-dealers who sell Vermillion securities. The additional burdens imposed upon broker-dealers by these requirements could discourage broker-dealers from effecting transactions in Vermillion common stock. This would adversely affect the ability of investors to trade Vermillion securities and would adversely affect the value and liquidity of Vermillion common stock. In addition, the failure to use reasonable best efforts to maintain the listing of Vermillion common stock would constitute a breach of the May 2013 stockholders agreement. These factors could contribute to lower prices and larger spreads in the bid and ask prices for Vermillion common stock. If we seek to implement a reverse stock split in order to remain listed on The Nasdaq Capital Market, the announcement or implementation of such a reverse stock split could negatively affect the price of Vermillion common stock.

The liquidity and trading volume of our common stock may be low, and our ownership is concentrated.

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The liquidity and trading volume of our common stock has at times been low in the past and may again be low in the future. If the liquidity and trading volume of our common stock is low, this could adversely impact the trading price of our common stock and our stockholders’ ability to obtain liquidity in their shares of our common stock. Our stock issuances since May 2013 have primarily involved a significant issuance of stock to a limited number of investors, significantly increasing the concentration of our share ownership in a few holders.

According to information provided on Schedules 13D and 13G, as amended, filed as recently as July 2, 2019, five persons, in aggregate, beneficially owned approximately 60 million shares of our common stock, including the right to acquire approximately 3 million shares under warrant or option agreements. The shares of common stock currently held by these individuals, excluding the right to acquire those shares under warrant or option agreements, represent 60% of our outstanding shares of common stock. Under a May 2013 stockholders agreement, two of these persons have the right to designate a director to be nominated by us to serve on the Board of Directors, and one of these persons has exercised this right. As a result, these stockholders will be able to affect the outcome of, or exert significant influence over, all matters requiring stockholder approval, including the election and removal of directors and any change in control involving us. In addition, this concentration of ownership of our common stock could have the effect of delaying or preventing a change in control of us or otherwise discouraging or preventing a potential acquirer from attempting to obtain control of us. This, in turn, could have a negative effect on the market price of our common stock. It could also prevent our stockholders from realizing a premium over the market prices for their shares of common stock. Moreover, the interests of this concentration of ownership may not always coincide with our interests or the interests of other stockholders. The concentration of ownership also contributes to the low trading volume and volatility of our common stock.





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ITEM 6.   EXHIBITS   The following exhibits are filed or incorporated by reference with this report as indicated below:

























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SIGNATURES



Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.





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