ASSEMBLY BIOSCIENCES, INC. - Quarter Report: 2015 June (Form 10-Q)

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

x        QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE

SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended June 30, 2015 or

¨         TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE

SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from ___________to___________.

Commission file number: 001-35005

ASSEMBLY BIOSCIENCES, INC.

(Exact name of Registrant as specified in its charter)

(646) 706-5208

(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. YES x NO ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files). YES x NO ¨ 

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer or a smaller reporting company. See definition of “large accelerated filer”, “accelerated filer” and “smaller reporting company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. 

Indicate by check mark whether registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). YES ¨ NO x

As of August 10, 2015, there were 17,189,906 shares of registrant’s common stock outstanding.

Index

PART I - FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1. Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited).

ASSEMBLY BIOSCIENCES, INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

See Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

ASSEMBLY BIOSCIENCES, INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS AND COMPREHENSIVE LOSS

(UNAUDITED)

See Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

ASSEMBLY BIOSCIENCES, INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

(UNAUDITED)

See Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

ASSEMBLY BIOSCIENCES, INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLDATED STATEMENT OF CHANGES IN STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY

(UNAUDITED)

See Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

Note 1 – Business

Overview

Assembly Biosciences, Inc. (“Assembly” or the “Company”) is a biopharmaceutical company committed to developing novel oral therapies for the cure of intractable infectious diseases, focusing on the hepatitis B virus (HBV) and C. difficile-associated diarrhea (CDAD). The Company’s HBV-Cure research team is working on discovering and developing multiple core protein allosteric modifiers (CpAMs) with the potential to modulate the HBV core protein - a polyfunctional essential viral protein - at multiple complementary points in the viral lifecycle. The goal is to eradicate the infection with an orally-administered regimen. The Company’s CDAD program is based on the premise that an oral capsule containing specific bacteria grown in monoculture and manufactured under pharmaceutical-like GMP conditions might be effective in providing the therapeutic benefits of fecal microbiota transplant (FMT) therapy in a form that is economically viable and scalable for use.

2014 Highlights

Assembly Biosciences was formed on July 11, 2014 by the merger of private company Assembly Pharmaceuticals, Inc. and Nasdaq-listed Ventrus Biosciences, Inc. (the “Merger”). The Merger resulted in a shift in strategic focus, the addition of a new lead drug development program and changes in person. In connection with the Merger, the Company’s Board of Directors and stockholders approved a 1-for-5 reverse stock split of the Company’s common stock. The reverse stock split became effective on July 11, 2014. All share and per share amounts in the consolidated financial statements and notes thereto have been retroactively adjusted for all periods presented to give effect to this reverse stock split, including reclassifying an amount equal to the reduction in par value of common stock to additional paid-in capital. In connection with the Merger, the shares of Assembly Pharmaceuticals, common stock issued and outstanding were converted into an aggregate of 4,008,848 shares of the Company’s common stock. Also pursuant to the terms of the Merger, the outstanding options to purchase shares of Assembly Pharmaceuticals’ common stock were assumed by the Company and became exercisable for an aggregate of 621,651 shares of the Company’s common stock.

The Company accounted for the acquisition of Assembly Pharmaceuticals, Inc. as a business combination under Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 805 with Ventrus Biosciences, Inc. as the accounting acquirer. The Company determined Ventrus Biosciences, Inc. was the accounting acquirer in accordance with ASC 805-10-25-5 as Ventrus Biosciences, Inc. gained control of Assembly Pharmaceuticals, Inc. upon completion of the Merger. To make this determination, the Company considered factors as indicated in ASC 805-10-55, including which entity issued equity interests to effect the combination, board of director composition, shareholder ownership, voting control, restrictions on shareholder voting rights, anticipated management positions and the relative size of the two companies.

On October 6, 2014, the Company sold to various institutional investors an aggregate of 1,959,000 shares of common stock in a registered direct offering. The purchase price paid by the investors was $8.04 per share and an aggregate of $15.0 million in net proceeds were received.

2015 Highlights

On March 19, 2015, the Company sold to various investors an aggregate of 5,555,555 shares of common stock in a public offering. The purchase price paid by the investors was $13.50 per share and an aggregate of $70.4 million (net of underwriters’ discount and equity issuance costs) were received.

On April 6, 2015, the underwriters exercised in full their option to purchase an additional 833,333 shares of common stock at the public offering price of $13.50 per share, less underwriting discounts and commissions and offering expenses. Proceeds from the sale of shares on the exercise of the underwriters’ option (net of underwriting discounts and commissions) were approximately $10.6 million.

The Company has not derived any revenue from product sales to date as it currently has no products. Once a product has been developed, it will need to be approved for sale by the FDA or any foreign regulatory agency. Since inception, the Company’s operations have been financed primarily through the sale of equity securities, the proceeds from the exercise of warrants and stock options and issuance of debt. The Company has incurred losses from operations and negative cash flows since inception and expects to continue to incur substantial losses for the next several years as it continues its product development efforts. Management believes the Company currently has sufficient funds to meet its operating requirements for at least the next twelve months. If the Company cannot generate significant cash from its operations, it intends to obtain any additional funding it requires through strategic relationships, public or private equity or debt financings, or other arrangements and it cannot assure such funding will be available on reasonable terms, if at all.

Note 2 – Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Basis of Presentation

The accompanying condensed consolidated interim financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its subsidiary. All intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated.

The accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements as of June 30, 2015 and for the three and six months ended June 30, 2015 and 2014 have been prepared in accordance with the accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”) for interim financial information and pursuant to the instructions to Form 10-Q and Article 8 of Regulation S-X of the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) and on the same basis as the Company prepares its annual audited consolidated financial statements. The condensed consolidated balance sheet as of June 30, 2015, condensed consolidated statements of operations for the three and six months ended June 30, 2015 and 2014, the condensed consolidated statements of cash flows for the six months ended June 30, 2015 and 2014, and condensed consolidated statement of changes in stockholders’ equity for the six months ended June 30, 2015 are unaudited, but include all adjustments, consisting only of normal recurring adjustments, which the Company considers necessary for a fair presentation of the financial position, operating results and cash flows for the periods presented. The results for the three and six months ended June 30, 2015 are not necessarily indicative of results to be expected for the year ending December 31, 2015 or for any future interim period. The consolidated balance sheet at December 31, 2014 has been derived from audited financial statements; however, it does not include all of the information and notes required by U.S. GAAP for complete financial statements. The accompanying condensed financial statements should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2014, and notes thereto included in the 2014 Annual Report.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting period.  Actual results could differ from those estimates.

Significant estimates inherent in the preparation of the accompanying financial statements include recoverability and useful lives (indefinite or finite) of intangible assets, assessment of impairment of goodwill, the valuation allowance related to the Company’s deferred tax assets, and the fair value of stock options and warrants granted to employees, consultants, directors, investors, licensors, placement agents and underwriters.

The Company’s estimates could be affected by external conditions, including those unique to the Company and general economic conditions. It is reasonably possible that these external factors could have an effect on the Company’s estimates and could cause actual results to differ from those estimates and assumptions.

Marketable Securities

The Company has designated marketable securities as of June 30, 2015 as available-for-sale securities and measures these securities at their respective fair values. Marketable securities are classified as short-term or long-term based on the maturity date and their availability to meet current operating requirements. Marketable securities that mature in one year or less are classified as short-term available-for-sale securities and are reported as a component of current assets. Marketable securities that are not considered available for use in current operations are classified as long-term available-for-sale securities and are reported as a component of long-term assets.

Securities that are classified as available-for-sale are measured at fair value with temporary unrealized gains and losses reported in other comprehensive income, and as a component of stockholders' equity until their disposition. The Company reviews all available-for-sale securities at each period end to determine if they remain available-for-sale based on then current intent and ability to sell the security if it is required to do so.

Marketable securities are subject to a periodic impairment review. The Company may recognize an impairment charge when a decline in the fair value of investments below the cost basis is determined to be other-than-temporary.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

In the first quarter of 2015, the Company adopted Accounting Standard Update (“ASU”) No. 2014-08, Reporting Discontinued operations and Disclosures of Disposals of Components of an Entity issued by the FASB. ASU No. 2014-08 changes the definition of a discontinued operation to include only those disposals of components of an entity that represent a strategic shift that has (or will have) a major effect on an entity's operations and financial results (e.g., a disposal of a major geographical area, a major line of business, a major equity method investment or other major parts of an entity). The Company’s adoption of ASU No. 2014-08 did not have a material impact on the Company’s condensed consolidated financial statements.

In May 2014, the FASB issued ASU 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers, an updated standard on revenue recognition. ASU 2014-09 provides enhancements to the quality and consistency of how revenue is reported by companies while also improving comparability in the financial statements of companies reporting using International Financial Reporting Standards or GAAP. The main purpose of the new standard is for companies to recognize revenue to depict the transfer of goods or services to customers in amounts that reflect the consideration to which a company expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. The new standard also will result in enhanced disclosures about revenue, provide guidance for transactions that were not previously addressed comprehensively and improve guidance for multiple-element arrangements. In July 2015, the FASB voted to approve a one-year deferral of the effective date of ASU 2014-09, which will be effective for the Company in the first quarter of fiscal year 2018 and may be applied on a full retrospective or modified retrospective approach. This ASU will have no impact on the Company until it begins to generate revenue.

In June 2014, the FASB issued ASU 2014-12, Compensation-Stock Compensation (Topic 718). The ASU clarifies how entities should treat performance targets that can be achieved after the requisite service period of a share-based payment award. The accounting standard is effective for interim and annual periods beginning after December 15, 2015. This ASU will have no impact on the Company until it begins to grant performance awards.

The FASB has issued ASU 2014-15, Presentation of Financial Statements-Going Concern (Subtopic 205-40): Disclosure of Uncertainties about an Entity’s Ability to Continue as a Going Concern. The guidance, which is effective for annual reporting periods ending after December 15, 2016, with early adoption permitted, extends the responsibility for performing the going-concern assessment to management and contains guidance on how to perform a going-concern assessment and when going-concern disclosures would be required under GAAP. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of this ASU on its condensed consolidated financial statements.

These recent accounting pronouncements are not expected to have a material impact on the Company’s financial statements upon adoption.

Note 3 - Assembly Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Transaction

As described in Note 1, on July 11, 2014, the Company completed the Merger, whereby Assembly Pharmaceuticals, Inc. became the Company’s wholly-owned subsidiary. Pursuant to the terms of the Merger, the shares of Assembly Pharmaceuticals were converted into an aggregate of 4,008,848 shares of the Company’s common stock. Also pursuant to the terms of the Merger, the outstanding options to purchase shares of Assembly Pharmaceuticals were assumed by the Company and an aggregate of 621,651 shares of the Company’s common stock were reserved for issuance thereunder.

The allocation of the purchase price is shown below:

The transaction was accounted for using the acquisition method. Accordingly, goodwill has been measured as the excess of the total consideration over the amounts assigned to the identifiable assets acquired and liabilities assumed including the related deferred tax liability. Goodwill is not deductible for tax purposes.

On the acquisition date, the fair value of net assets acquired was $29,823,096. The fair value of stock issued to the Assembly Pharmaceuticals’ shareholders as part of the consideration of $29,064,148 was based on reference to quoted market values of the Company’s common stock as of the date of acquisition. The options assumed in the Merger were valued at $758,948. As of June 30, 2015, the Company finalized its purchase price allocation. The Company adjusted certain accrued expenses, resulting in a decrease of goodwill and accrued expenses of approximately $99,000 in the second quarter of 2015.

Note 4 – Marketable Securities

Marketable securities consists of the following as of June 30, 2015:

The contractual term to maturity of short-term marketable securities held by the Company as of June 30, 2015 is less than one year. The contractual term to maturity of long-term marketable securities held by the Company as of June 30, 2015 is from 1 to 2 years.

The fair value of marketable securities was classified into fair value measurement categories as follows:

The fair values of marketable securities are determined using quoted market prices from daily exchange traded markets based on the closing price as of June 30, 2015 and are classified as Level 2.

Note 5 – Goodwill and Intangible Assets

Goodwill

Goodwill is not amortized for financial reporting purposes but is tested for impairment on an annual basis or when indications of impairment exist. No goodwill impairment losses have been recognized. Goodwill is not deductible for income tax purposes since the tax basis is $0. The Company performs its annual impairment test of the carrying value of the Company’s goodwill each year in the fourth quarter.

The net book value of goodwill decreased by approximately $99,000 from December 31, 2014 to June 30, 2015, as a result of the adjustment to purchase price accounting within one year of the Merger.

Intangible Assets

The intangible assets acquired are recorded as indefinite-lived asset and are not amortized for financial reporting purposes until product commercialization but are tested for impairment on an annual basis or when indications of impairment exist. No intangible assets impairment losses have been recognized. Intangible assets are not deductible for income tax purposes since the tax basis is $0. The Company performs its annual impairment test of the carrying value of the Company’s intangible assets each year in the fourth quarter.

There was no change in intangible assets from December 31, 2014 to June 30, 2015.

Note 6 – Property, Plant and Equipment, Net

Property, plant and equipment, consists of the following:

Depreciation expense for the three months ended June 30, 2015 and 2014 was $16,493 and $1,026, respectively, and was recorded in both research and development expense and general and administrative expense in the consolidated statements of operations.

Depreciation expense for the six months ended June 30, 2015 and 2014 was $30,397 and $2,292, respectively, and was recorded in both research and development expense and general and administrative expense in the consolidated statements of operations.

Note 7 – Accrued Expenses

Accrued expenses consists of the following:

Note 8 – Stockholders’ Equity

Equity Financing

On March 19, 2015, the Company sold to various investors an aggregate of 5,555,555 shares of common stock in a public offering. The purchase price paid by the investors was $13.50 per share and an aggregate of $70.4 million in net proceeds were received, after deducting underwriting discounts and commissions and estimated offering expenses. In addition, the Company granted the underwriters a 30-day option to purchase up to an additional 833,333 shares of common stock.

On April 6, 2015, the underwriters exercised in full their option to purchase an additional 833,333 shares of common stock at the public offering price of $13.50 per share, less underwriting discounts and commissions and offering expenses. The closing of the option exercise resulted in net proceeds of approximately $10.6 million. Exercise of the underwriters’ option increased the net proceeds (net of underwriting discounts and commissions) of the public offering, from $70.4 million to $81.0 million.

Options

The Company has two equity incentive plans available for the granting of equity awards. In July 2010, the stockholders approved the 2010 Equity Incentive Plan, under which, as of June 30, 2015, there were outstanding options for an aggregate of 80,500 shares of common stock and an aggregate of 679,292 shares available for grant. In July 2014, the stockholders approved the 2014 Stock Incentive Plan (the “2014 Plan”), under which, as of June 30, 2015, there were options for an aggregate of 2,474,368 shares of common stock outstanding and 44,966 shares available for grant.

On February 10, 2015, the Company’s former Chief Executive Officer, Dr. Russell Ellison, transitioned to service as a consultant. The Company accelerated 266,667 of his options on March 3, 2015 in accordance with the original terms of his employment agreement. The corresponding charge related to these options was also accelerated in the first quarter of 2015. The exercise period for Dr. Ellison’s vested options were also extended until the end of their term, or July 9, 2024 in accordance with the original terms of his employment agreement. The remainder of 266,666 unvested options were forfeited in accordance with the original terms of his employment agreement.

A summary of the Company’s option activity and related information for the six-month period ended June 30, 2015 is as follows:

The fair value of the options granted for the six-month period ended June 30, 2015 and June 30, 2014, were based on the following assumptions:

Estimated future stock-based compensation expense relating to unvested stock options is as follows:

The weighted average remaining contractual life of options outstanding at June 30, 2015 is approximately 9.1 years.

Stock-based compensation expenses for the three and six months ended June 30, 2015 and 2014 are as follows:

Warrants

On April 17, 2015, the Company issued an aggregate of 88,293 shares of common stock from the cashless exercise of 120,265 warrants. The Company did not receive any proceeds from this cashless exercise.

During the six months ended June 30, 2015, 93,720 warrants to purchase common stock expired.

The following is a summary of warrant activity for the six months ended June 30, 2015:

Loss per Common Share

Basic net loss per common share excludes dilution and is computed by dividing net loss by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period.  Diluted net loss per common share reflects the potential dilution that could occur if securities or other contracts to issue common stock were exercised or converted into common stock or resulted in the issuance of common stock that then shared in the earnings of the entity unless inclusion of such shares would be anti-dilutive.  Since the Company has only incurred losses, basic and diluted net loss per share is the same.  Securities that could potentially dilute earnings per share in the future that were not included in the computation of diluted loss per share for the six months ended June 30, 2015 and 2014 are as follows:

Note 9 – Commitments

Lease

The Company has offices in New York, NY with a monthly lease payment of $8,400 that expires in September 2015 and a lease in San Francisco, CA with a monthly payment of $36,145 that expires in December 2016.

Employment Agreements

The Company has employment agreements with its Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer/Chief Operating Officer which provide for an aggregate annual salary of approximately $780,500 in 2015.

Note 10 – Legal Proceedings

The Company is not a party to any legal proceedings and is not aware of any claims or actions pending or threatened against it. In the future, the Company might from time to time become involved in litigation relating to claims arising from ordinary course of business.

Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.

The interim financial statements and this Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations should be read in conjunction with the financial statements and notes thereto for the year ended December 31, 2014, and the related Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations, both of which are contained in our Annual Report on Form 10-K, as amended, for the year ended December 31, 2014 filed on March 16, 2015. In addition to historical information, this discussion and analysis contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933 and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. These forward-looking statements are subject to risks and uncertainties, including those set forth under “Part I. Item 1. Business - Risk Factors” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K, as amended, for the year ended December 31, 2014, and elsewhere in this report, that could cause actual results to differ materially from historical results or anticipated results.

Overview

We are a biopharmaceutical company committed to developing novel oral therapies for the cure of intractable infectious diseases, focusing on direct-acting anti-virals for the hepatitis B virus (HBV) and microbiome-based therapeutics for C. difficile-associated diarrhea (CDAD). On July 11, 2014, Assembly Biosciences merged with a private company Assembly Pharmaceuticals, Inc. The Merger resulted in a shift in strategic focus, the addition of a new lead drug development program for the company, and changes in personnel.

Our HBV program is focused on a clinical cure for HBV. We are developing a series of new compounds, known as core protein allosteric modulators, or CpAMs, with the potential to modulate the HBV core protein-a polyfunctional essential viral protein-at multiple complementary points in the viral lifecycle.  

Our microbiome program, which we are pursuing as a treatment for CDAD, is based on the targeted delivery of novel microbiome-based therapies in a proprietary oral formulation, applying our novel coating and encapsulation technology that allows for targeted delivery of complex agents to select regions of the gastrointestinal, or GI, tract. Using this proprietary delivery platform, we aim to deliver several types of beneficial bacteria, in novel “synthetic formats” to the gastrointestinal, or GI, tract.  

We currently have administrative offices in New York City and research facilities in San Francisco. Research activities for the HBV program are also being conducted at Indiana University at Bloomington, under the aegis of Adam Zlotnick, PhD, Assembly co-founder and head of our HBV Scientific Advisory Board.

Since our inception, we have had no revenue from product sales, and have funded our operations principally through debt financings prior to our initial public offering in 2010 and through equity financings since then. Our operations to date have been primarily limited to organizing and staffing our company, licensing our product candidates, developing clinical trials for our product candidates, establishing manufacturing for our product candidates, maintaining and improving our patent portfolio and raising capital. We have generated significant losses to date, and we expect to continue to generate losses as we develop our product candidates. As of June 30, 2015, we had an accumulated deficit of $149,599,696 and accumulated other comprehensive loss of $134,219. Because we do not generate revenue from any of our product candidates, our losses will continue as we seek regulatory approval and commercialization of our product candidates. As a result, our operating losses are likely to be substantial over the next several years as we continue the development of our product candidates and thereafter if none is approved or successfully launched. We are unable to predict the extent of any future losses or when we will become profitable, if at all.

We believe that our existing cash will be sufficient to fund our projected operating requirements for at least the next twelve months.

Our operations are subject to other certain risks and uncertainties, including but not limited to: uncertainty of product candidate development; uncertainty of regulatory approval; unpredictability of the size of the markets for, and market acceptance of, any of our products; our anticipated capital expenditures, our estimates regarding our capital requirements; our ability to retain and hire necessary employees and to staff our operations appropriately; and the possible impairment of, or inability to obtain, intellectual property rights and the costs of obtaining such rights from third parties. Any significant delays in the development or marketing of products could have material adverse effect on our business and financial results.

Recent Events

Management Changes

In February 2015, Derek Small was named Chief Executive Officer, in addition to his position as President; current director William Ringo was named non-executive Chairman of our Board of Directors; and David J. Barrett was named Chief Operating Officer, in addition to his role as Chief Financial Officer. As had been agreed during the Merger establishing Assembly Biosciences last year, Mr. Small succeeded Russell H. Ellison, MD, as CEO. In addition, Mr. Ringo succeeded Dr. Ellison as Chairman. Dr. Ellison continues to serve the Company as a Senior Advisor and head of Assembly’s microbiome development program as the Company approaches several key milestones. The succession constitutes a “termination without cause” under Dr. Ellison’s employment agreement. As a result, Dr. Ellison was entitled to 12 months of salary, immediate vesting of one third of his outstanding options and an extension of the exercise period to the option expiration date of July 10, 2024, and reimbursement of COBRA premiums for 12 months or until he is eligible for insurance benefits from another employer, whichever is earlier.

Equity Financing

On March 19, 2015, we sold to various investors an aggregate of 5,555,555 shares of common stock in a public offering. The purchase price paid by the investors was $13.50 per share and an aggregate of $70.4 million in net proceeds (net of underwriting discounts and commissions) were received. In addition, we granted the underwriters a 30-day option to purchase up to an additional 833,333 shares of common stock.

On April 6, 2015, the underwriters exercised in full their option to purchase an additional 833,333 shares of our common stock at the public offering price of $13.50 per share, less underwriting discounts and commissions and offering expenses. The closing of the option exercise resulted in net proceeds to us of $10.6 million. Exercise of the underwriters’ option increased the net proceeds to us of the public offering, after any underwriting discounts and commissions and estimated offering expenses, from $70.4 million to $81.0 million.

Critical Accounting Policies and Significant Judgments and Estimates

Our discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations are based on our financial statements, which have been prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP. The preparation of these financial statements requires us to make estimates and judgments that affect our reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses.

On an ongoing basis, we evaluate our estimates and judgments, including those related to accrued expenses and stock-based compensation. We based our estimates on historical experience and on various other assumptions that we believe to be reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses that are not readily apparent from other sources. Actual results may differ from these estimates.

Our critical accounting policies and significant estimates are detailed in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2014. Our critical accounting policies and significant estimates have not changed from those previously disclosed in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2014. 

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

Since our inception, we have not engaged in any off-balance sheet arrangements, including the use of structured finance, special purpose entities or variable interest entities.

Results of Operations

Comparison of the Three Months Ended June 30, 2015 and 2014

Research and Development Expense

Research and development expense, excluding stock-based compensation expense, was $3,247,882 for the three months ended June 30, 2015, an increase of $2,230,549 or 219.25%, from $1,017,333 for the same period in 2014. The reason for the increase was primarily due to an increase of $2,497,938 in research expenses for our HBV program, which started in July 2014.

Stock-based compensation was $1,419,872 for the three months ended June 30, 2015, an increase of $1,341,561 or 1,713.12%, from $78,311 for the same period in 2014. The increase in compensation expense is primarily due to the granting of stock options since July 2014.

General and Administrative Expense

General and administrative expense consists primarily of salaries, consulting fees and other related costs, professional fees for legal services and accounting services, insurance and travel expenses, as well as the stock based compensation expense associated with equity awards to our employees, consultants and directors.

General and administrative expense, excluding stock-based compensation expense, was $1,285,779 for the three months ended June 30, 2015, an increase of $109,763 or 9.33% from $1,176,016 for the three months ended June 30, 2014. The reason for the increase was primarily due to an increase in employees’ benefits and bonus and an increase in consulting, legal and accounting expenses.

Stock-based compensation expense was $1,200,372 for the three months ended June 30, 2015, an increase of $965,888 or 411.92%, from $234,484 for the same period in 2014. The increase in compensation expense is primarily due to the granting of stock options since July 2014.

Comparison of the Six Months Ended June 30, 2015 and 2014

Research and Development Expense

Research and development expense, excluding stock-based compensation expense, was $6,026,886 for the six months ended June 30, 2015, an increase of $2,031,528 or 50.85%, from $3,995,358 for the same period in 2014. The increase was primarily due to an increase of $4,370,026 in research expenses for our HBV which was started in July 2014, an increase of approximately $1,257,000 for Microbiome study and offset by a decrease of approximately $3,421,000 due to termination of VEN 307 study in the second quarter of 2014.

Stock-based compensation was $2,475,302 for the six months ended June 30, 2015, an increase of $2,401,326 or 3,246.09%, from $73,976 for the same period in 2014. The increase in compensation expense is primarily due to the granting of stock options since July 2014.

General and Administrative Expense

General and administrative expense consists primarily of salaries, consulting fees and other related costs, professional fees for legal services and accounting services, insurance and travel expenses, as well as the stock based compensation expense associated with equity awards to our employees, consultants and directors.

General and administrative expense, excluding stock-based compensation expense, was $3,124,213 for the six months ended June 30, 2015, an increase of $1,070,787 or 52.15% from $2,053,426 for the six months ended June 30, 2014. The reason for the increase was primarily due to an increase in employees’ benefits and bonus and an increase in consulting, legal and accounting expenses.

Stock-based compensation expense was $2,730,722 for the six months ended June 30, 2015, an increase of $2,237,186 or 453.30%, from $493,536 for the same period in 2014. The increase in compensation expense is primarily due to the granting of stock options since July 2014.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

Sources of Liquidity

As a result of our significant research and development expenditures and the lack of any FDA-approved products to generate product sales revenue, we have not been profitable and have generated operating losses since we were incorporated in October 2005. We have funded our operations through June 30, 2015 principally with convertible debt and equity financing.

On March 19, 2015, we sold to various investors an aggregate of 5,555,555 shares of common stock in a public offering. The purchase price paid by the investors was $13.50 per share and an aggregate of $70.4 million in net proceeds were received. In addition, we had granted the underwriters a 30-day option to purchase up to an additional 833,333 shares of common stock.

On April 6, 2015, the underwriters exercised in full their option to purchase an additional 833,333 shares of our common stock at the public offering price of $13.50 per share, less underwriting discounts and commissions and offering expenses. The closing of the option exercise resulted in net proceeds (net of underwriters’ discount) to us of $10.6 million.

Net cash used in operating activities was $8,056,007 for the six months ended June 30, 2015. The use of cash in operating activities was primarily due to the loss (expenses) occurred during the six months ended June 30, 2015 of $14,087,624, offset by stock-based compensation expenses of $5,206,024 and increase in accounts payable and accrued expenses of $1,285,153.

Net cash used in investing activities was $48,828,775 mostly due to the purchase of marketable securities during the six months ended June 30, 2015.

Net cash provided by financing activities was $81,311,814 for the six months ended June 30, 2015. On March 19, 2015, we received net proceeds of approximately $70.5 million in an underwritten equity offering. On April 6, 2015, we received additional net proceeds of $10.6 million from the exercise of underwriters’ options. On April 20, 2015, we paid $0.1 million for accrued offering cost.

Funding Requirements

We expect to incur losses for at least the next several years as we develop our product pipeline. We expect to incur increasing research and development expenses as we begin preclinical and clinical activities on both platform technologies. We expect that our general and administrative expenses will also increase as we add infrastructure related to the Merger with Assembly Pharmaceuticals. Our future capital requirements will depend on a number of factors, including the timing and outcome of preclinical activities, clinical trials and regulatory approvals, the costs involved in preparing, filing, prosecuting, maintaining, defending, and enforcing patent claims and other intellectual property rights, the acquisition of licenses to new products or compounds, the status of competitive products and the availability of financing.

Based on our cash position at June 30, 2015 and our analysis of our future development costs, we believe that our existing cash and cash equivalents will be sufficient to enable us to fund our operating expenses and capital expenditure requirements for at least twelve months. We have based these estimates on assumptions that may prove to be wrong, and we could use our available capital resources sooner than we currently expect, which would cause us to require additional capital earlier. Because of the numerous risks and uncertainties associated with the development and commercialization of our product candidates, we are unable to estimate the amounts of increased capital outlays and operating expenditures associated with our current and anticipated preclinical and clinical activities. We will need to raise additional funds to continue and finalize the development of our product candidates.

We may need to finance our future cash needs through public or private equity offerings, debt financings, corporate collaboration and licensing arrangements, or a bank credit facility or other financing vehicle if one or more of our assumptions prove to be incorrect or if we choose to expand our product development efforts more rapidly than we presently anticipate, and we may decide to raise additional funds even before we need them if the conditions for raising capital are favorable. We do not currently have any commitments for future external funding. The sale of additional equity or debt securities, if convertible, could result in dilution to our stockholders. The incurrence of indebtedness would result in increased fixed obligations and could also result in covenants that would restrict our operations.

Additional financing might not be available on acceptable terms, if at all. If we need additional capital and adequate funds are not available, we may be required to delay, reduce the scope of or eliminate our research and development programs, reduce our planned commercialization efforts or obtain funds through arrangements with collaborators or others that may require us to relinquish rights to certain product candidates that we might otherwise seek to develop or commercialize independently.

Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk.

There have been no material changes to our quantitative and qualitative disclosures about market risk as compared to the quantitative and qualitative disclosures about market risk described in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2014.

Item 4. Controls and Procedures.

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

We maintain a system of disclosure controls and procedures, as defined in Exchange Act Rule 13a-15(e), which is designed to provide reasonable assurance that information, which is required to be disclosed in our reports filed pursuant to the Securities and Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), is accumulated and communicated to management in a timely manner. At the end of the period covered by this report, we carried out an evaluation, under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and our Chief Financial Officer, of the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures pursuant to Exchange Act Rule 13a-15(b). Based upon that evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures as of the end of the period covered by this report were effective.

Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting

There were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting in the second quarter of 2015 that materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

PART II - OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1. Legal Proceedings.

We are not a party to any legal proceedings and we are not aware of any claims or actions pending or threatened against us. In the future, we might from time to time become involved in litigation relating to claims arising from our ordinary course of business.

Item 1A.   Risk Factors.

There have been no changes that constitute a material change from the risk factors previously disclosed in our 2014 Annual Report on Form 10-K filed on March 12, 2015, and amended on March 16, 2015.

Item 2.  Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds.

None.

Item 3.  Defaults upon Senior Securities.

None.

Item 4.  Mine Safety Disclosures.

Not applicable.

Item 5.  Other Information.

Not applicable.

Item 6. Exhibits

SIGNATURES

In accordance with the requirements of the Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.