UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

☑ QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended March 31, 2023

or

☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

Commission File Number: 001-37963

ATHENE HOLDING LTD.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Bermuda

98-0630022

(State or other jurisdiction of

(I.R.S. Employer

incorporation or organization)

Identification Number)

Second Floor, Washington House

16 Church Street

Hamilton, HM 11, Bermuda

(441) 279-8400

(Address, including zip code, and telephone number, including area code, of registrant’s principal executive offices)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class

Trading Symbol

Name of each exchange on which registered

Depositary Shares, each representing a 1/1,000th interest in a

6.35% Fixed-to-Floating Rate Perpetual Non-Cumulative Preference Share, Series A

ATHPrA

New York Stock Exchange

Depositary Shares, each representing a 1/1,000th interest in a

5.625% Fixed-Rate Perpetual Non-Cumulative Preference Share, Series B

ATHPrB

New York Stock Exchange

Depositary Shares, each representing a 1/1,000th interest in a

6.375% Fixed-Rate Reset Perpetual Non-Cumulative Preference Share, Series C

ATHPrC

New York Stock Exchange

Depositary Shares, each representing a 1/1,000th interest in a

4.875% Fixed-Rate Perpetual Non-Cumulative Preference Share, Series D

ATHPrD

New York Stock Exchange

Depositary Shares, each representing a 1/1,000th interest in a

7.75% Fixed-Rate Reset Perpetual Non-Cumulative Preference Share, Series E

ATHPrE

New York Stock Exchange

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☑ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☑ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer ☐

Accelerated filer ☐

Non-accelerated filer ☑

Smaller reporting company ☐

Emerging growth company ☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No ☑

As of May 5, 2023, 203,805,432 of our Class A common shares were outstanding, all of which are held by Apollo Global Management, Inc.

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

PART I—FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1.			Financial Statements			7
Item 2.			Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations			64
Item 3.			Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risks			108
Item 4.			Controls and Procedures			109

PART II—OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1.			Legal Proceedings			110
Item 1A.			Risk Factors			110
Item 2.			Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds			110
Item 6.			Exhibits			110
Exhibit Index						110
Signatures						111

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As used in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q (report), unless the context otherwise indicates, any reference to “Athene,” “our Company,” “the Company,” “us,” “we” and “our” refer to Athene Holding Ltd. together with its consolidated subsidiaries and any reference to “AHL” refers to Athene Holding Ltd. only.

Forward-Looking Statements

Certain statements in this report are forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995, Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (Securities Act), and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (Exchange Act). You can identify forward-looking statements by the fact that they do not relate strictly to historical or current facts. These statements may include words such as “anticipate,” “estimate,” “expect,” “project,” “plan,” “intend,” “seek,” “assume,” “believe,” “may,” “will,” “should,” “could,” “would,” “likely” and other words and terms of similar meaning, including the negative of these or similar words and terms, in connection with any discussion of the timing or nature of future operating or financial performance or other events. However, not all forward-looking statements contain these identifying words. Forward-looking statements appear in a number of places throughout and give our current expectations and projections relating to our business, financial condition, results of operations, plans, strategies, objectives, future performance and other matters.

We caution you that forward-looking statements are not guarantees of future performance and that our actual consolidated financial condition, results of operations, liquidity, cash flows and performance may differ materially from that made in or suggested by the forward-looking statements contained in this report. A number of important factors could cause actual results or conditions to differ materially from those contained or implied by the forward-looking statements, including the risks discussed in Part II–Item 1A. Risk Factors included in this report and Part I–Item 1A. Risk Factors included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022 (2022 Annual Report). Factors that could cause actual results or conditions to differ from those reflected in the forward-looking statements contained in this report include:

•the accuracy of management’s assumptions and estimates;

•variability in the amount of statutory capital that our insurance and reinsurance subsidiaries have or are required to hold;

•interest rate and/or foreign currency fluctuations;

•our potential need for additional capital in the future and the potential unavailability of such capital to us on favorable terms or at all;

•major public health issues, and specifically the pandemic caused by the effects of the spread of the Coronavirus Disease of 2019 (COVID-19);

•changes in relationships with important parties in our product distribution network;

•the activities of our competitors and our ability to grow our retail business in a highly competitive environment;

•the impact of general economic conditions on our ability to sell our products and on the fair value of our investments;

•our ability to successfully acquire new companies or businesses and/or integrate such acquisitions into our existing framework;

•downgrades, potential downgrades or other negative actions by rating agencies;

•our dependence on key executives and inability to attract qualified personnel, or the potential loss of Bermudian personnel as a result of Bermuda employment restrictions;

•market and credit risks that could diminish the value of our investments;

•changes to the creditworthiness of our reinsurance and derivative counterparties;

•the discontinuation of certain Inter-bank Offered Rates (IBOR), including the London Inter-bank Offered Rate (LIBOR);

•changes in consumer perception regarding the desirability of annuities as retirement savings products;

•potential litigation (including class action litigation), enforcement investigations or regulatory scrutiny against us and our subsidiaries, which we may be required to defend against or respond to;

•the impact of new accounting rules or changes to existing accounting rules on our business;

•interruption or other operational failures in telecommunication and information technology and other operating systems, as well as our ability to maintain the security of those systems;

•the termination by Apollo Global Management, Inc. (AGM) or any of its subsidiaries (collectively, AGM together with its subsidiaries, Apollo) of its investment management agreements with us and limitations on our ability to terminate such arrangements;

•Apollo’s dependence on key executives and inability to attract qualified personnel;

•the failure to realize the expected benefits from our merger with AGM;

•the accuracy of our estimates regarding the future performance of our investment portfolio;

•increased regulation or scrutiny of alternative investment advisers and certain trading methods;

•potential changes to laws or regulations affecting, among other things, group supervision and/or group capital requirements, entity-level regulatory capital standards, transactions with our affiliates, the ability of our subsidiaries to make dividend payments or distributions to AHL, acquisitions by or of us, minimum capitalization and statutory reserve requirements for insurance companies and fiduciary obligations on parties who distribute our products;

•the failure to obtain or maintain licenses and/or other regulatory approvals as required for the operation of our insurance subsidiaries;

•increases in our tax liability resulting from the Base Erosion and Anti-Abuse Tax (BEAT) or otherwise;

•adverse changes in US tax law;

•changes in our ability to pay dividends or make distributions;

•the failure to achieve the economic benefits expected to be derived from Athene Co-Invest Reinsurance Affiliate Holding Ltd. and Athene Co-Invest Reinsurance Affiliate Holding 2 Ltd. (together with their subsidiaries, ACRA) capital raise or future ACRA capital raises;

•the failure of third-party ACRA investors to fund their capital commitment obligations; and

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•other risks and factors listed in Part II–Item 1A. Risk Factors included in this report, Part I—Item 1A. Risk Factors included in our 2022 Annual Report and those discussed elsewhere in this report and in our 2022 Annual Report.

We caution you that the important factors referenced above may not be exhaustive. In addition, we cannot assure you that we will realize the results or developments we expect or anticipate or, even if substantially realized, that they will result in the consequences or affect us or our operations in the way we expect or anticipate. In light of these risks, you should not place undue reliance upon any forward-looking statements contained in this report. Unless an earlier date is specified, the forward-looking statements included in this report are made only as of the date that this report was filed with the US Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC). We undertake no obligation, except as may be required by law, to publicly update or revise any forward-looking statement as a result of new information, future events or otherwise. Comparisons of results for current and any prior periods are not intended to express any future trends, or indications of future performance, unless expressed as such, and should only be viewed as historical data.

GLOSSARY OF SELECTED TERMS

Unless otherwise indicated in this report, the following terms have the meanings set forth below:

Entities

Term or Acronym						Definition
AAA						Apollo Aligned Alternatives, L.P.
AADE						Athene Annuity & Life Assurance Company
AAIA						Athene Annuity and Life Company
AAM						Apollo Asset Management, Inc., formerly known as Apollo Global Management, Inc.
AARe						Athene Annuity Re Ltd., a Bermuda reinsurance subsidiary
ACRA						ACRA 1 and ACRA 2
ACRA 1						Athene Co-Invest Reinsurance Affiliate Holding Ltd., together with its subsidiaries
ACRA 1 HoldCo						Athene Co-Invest Reinsurance Affiliate Holding Ltd.
ACRA 2						Athene Co-Invest Reinsurance Affiliate Holding 2 Ltd., together with its subsidiaries
ACRA 2 HoldCo						Athene Co-Invest Reinsurance Affiliate Holding 2 Ltd.
ADIP						Apollo/Athene Dedicated Investment Program
AGM						Apollo Global Management, Inc.
AHL						Athene Holding Ltd.
ALRe						Athene Life Re Ltd., a Bermuda reinsurance subsidiary
ALReI						Athene Life Re International Ltd., a Bermuda reinsurance subsidiary
AOG						Apollo Operating Group
Apollo						Apollo Global Management, Inc., together with its subsidiaries (other than us or our subsidiaries)
Apollo Group						(1) AGM and AGM’s subsidiaries, including AAM, (2) any investment fund or other collective investment vehicle whose general partner or managing member is owned, directly or indirectly, by clause (1), (3) BRH Holdings GP, Ltd. and each of its shareholders, (4) any executive officer or employee of AGM or AGM’s subsidiaries, and (5) any affiliate of a person described in clauses (1), (2), (3) or (4) above; provided none of AHL or its subsidiaries (other than ACRA 1 HoldCo and ACRA 1 HoldCo’s subsidiaries) will be deemed to be a member of the Apollo Group
AUSA						Athene USA Corporation
Athora						Athora Holding Ltd.
BMA						Bermuda Monetary Authority
ISG						Apollo Insurance Solutions Group LP
Jackson						Jackson Financial, Inc., together with its subsidiaries
LIMRA						Life Insurance and Market Research Association
MidCap Financial						MidCap FinCo Designated Activity Company
NAIC						National Association of Insurance Commissioners
NYSDFS						New York State Department of Financial Services
US Treasury						United States Department of the Treasury
VIAC						Venerable Insurance and Annuity Company
Venerable						Venerable Holdings, Inc., together with its subsidiaries
Wheels Donlen						Wheels, Inc. (Wheels), merged with Donlen LLC (Donlen)

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Certain Terms & Acronyms

Term or Acronym						Definition
ABS						Asset-backed securities
ACL						Authorized control level RBC as defined by the model created by the NAIC
ALM						Asset liability management
Alternative investments						Alternative investments, including investment funds, CLO and ABS equity positions and certain other debt instruments considered to be equity-like
Base of earnings						Earnings generated from our results of operations and the underlying profitability drivers of our business
Bermuda capital						The capital of Athene’s non-US reinsurance subsidiaries calculated under US statutory accounting principles, including that for policyholder reserve liabilities which are subjected to US cash flow testing requirements, but (1) excluding certain items that do not exist under our applicable Bermuda requirements, such as interest maintenance reserves and (2) including certain Bermuda statutory accounting differences, such as marking to market of inception date investment gains or losses relating to reinsurance transactions. Bermuda capital may from time to time materially differ from the calculation of statutory capital under US statutory accounting principles primarily due to the foregoing differences.
Bermuda RBC						The risk-based capital ratio of our non-US reinsurance subsidiaries by applying NAIC risk-based capital factors to the statutory financial statements on an aggregate basis. Adjustments are made to (1) exclude US subsidiaries which are included within our US RBC Ratio, (2) exclude our interests in the AOG units and other non-insurance subsidiary holding companies from our capital base and (3) limit RBC concentration charges such that when they are applied to determine target capital, the charges do not exceed 100% of the asset’s carrying value.
Block reinsurance						A transaction in which the ceding company cedes all or a portion of a block of previously issued annuity contracts through a reinsurance agreement
BSCR						Bermuda Solvency Capital Requirement
CAL						Company action level risk-based capital as defined by the model created by the NAIC
CLO						Collateralized loan obligation
CMBS						Commercial mortgage-backed securities
CML						Commercial mortgage loans
Consolidated RBC						The consolidated risk-based capital ratio of our non-US reinsurance and US insurance subsidiaries calculated by applying NAIC risk-based capital factors to the statutory financial statements on an aggregate basis, including interests in other non-insurance subsidiary holding companies; with an adjustment in Bermuda and non-insurance holding companies to limit RBC concentration charges such that when they are applied to determine target capital, the charges do not exceed 100% of the asset’s carrying value.
Cost of funds						Cost of funds includes liability costs related to cost of crediting on both deferred annuities, including, with respect to our fixed indexed annuities, option costs, and institutional costs related to institutional products, as well as other liability costs, but does not include the proportionate share of the ACRA cost of funds associated with the noncontrolling interest. Other liability costs include DAC, DSI and VOBA amortization, change in market risk benefits, the cost of liabilities on products other than deferred annuities and institutional products, premiums and certain product charges and other revenues. Costs related to business that we have exited through ceded reinsurance transactions are excluded. Cost of funds is computed as the total liability costs divided by the average net invested assets for the relevant period, presented on an annualized basis for interim periods.
DAC						Deferred acquisition costs
Deferred annuities						Fixed indexed annuities, annual reset annuities, multi-year guaranteed annuities and registered index-linked annuities
DSI						Deferred sales inducement
Excess capital						Capital in excess of the level management believes is needed to support our current operating strategy
FIA						Fixed indexed annuity, which is an insurance contract that earns interest at a crediting rate based on a specified index on a tax-deferred basis
Fixed annuities						FIAs together with fixed rate annuities
Fixed rate annuity						An insurance contract that offers tax-deferred growth and the opportunity to produce a guaranteed stream of retirement income for the lifetime of its policyholder
Flow reinsurance						A transaction in which the ceding company cedes a portion of newly issued policies to the reinsurer
Funds withheld						Funds withheld modified coinsurance
GLWB						Guaranteed lifetime withdrawal benefit
GMDB						Guaranteed minimum death benefit
Gross invested assets						The sum of (a) total investments on the consolidated balance sheet with available-for-sale securities at amortized cost, excluding derivatives, (b) cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash, (c) investments in related parties, (d) accrued investment income, (e) consolidated VIE and VOE assets, liabilities and noncontrolling interest, (f) net investment payables and receivables, (g) policy loans ceded (which offset the direct policy loans in total investments) and (h) an adjustment for the allowance for credit losses. Gross invested assets includes investments supporting assumed funds withheld and modco agreements and excludes assets associated with funds withheld liabilities related to business exited through reinsurance agreements and derivative collateral (offsetting the related cash positions). Gross invested assets includes the entire investment balance attributable to ACRA as ACRA is 100% consolidated.
IMA						Investment management agreement
IMO						Independent marketing organization
Liability outflows						The aggregate of withdrawals on our deferred annuities, death benefits, pension group annuity benefit payments, payments on payout annuities, repurchases and maturities of our funding agreements and ceded reinsurance
Market risk benefits						Guaranteed lifetime withdrawal benefits and guaranteed minimum death benefits
MCR						Minimum capital requirements
MMS						Minimum margin of solvency

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Term or Acronym						Definition
Modco						Modified coinsurance
MVA						Market value adjustment
MYGA						Multi-year guaranteed annuity
Net invested assets						The sum of (a) total investments on the consolidated balance sheet with available-for-sale securities at amortized cost, excluding derivatives, (b) cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash, (c) investments in related parties, (d) accrued investment income, (e) consolidated VIE and VOE assets, liabilities and noncontrolling interest, (f) net investment payables and receivables, (g) policy loans ceded (which offset the direct policy loans in total investments) and (h) an adjustment for the allowance for credit losses. Net invested assets includes investments supporting assumed funds withheld and modco agreements and excludes assets associated with funds withheld liabilities related to business exited through reinsurance agreements and derivative collateral (offsetting the related cash positions). Net invested assets includes our economic ownership of ACRA investments but does not include the investments associated with the noncontrolling interest.
Net investment earned rate						Income from our net invested assets, excluding the proportionate share of the ACRA net investment income associated with the noncontrolling interest, divided by the average net invested assets for the relevant period, presented on an annualized basis for interim periods
Net investment spread						Net investment spread measures our investment performance plus our strategic capital management fees less our total cost of funds, presented on an annualized basis for interim periods
Net reserve liabilities						The sum of (a) interest sensitive contract liabilities, (b) future policy benefits, (c) market risk benefits, (d) long-term repurchase obligations, (e) dividends payable to policyholders and (f) other policy claims and benefits, offset by reinsurance recoverable, excluding policy loans ceded. Net reserve liabilities also includes the reserves related to assumed modco agreements in order to appropriately match the costs incurred in the condensed consolidated statements of income (loss) with the liabilities. Net reserve liabilities is net of the ceded liabilities to third-party reinsurers as the costs of the liabilities are passed to such reinsurers and therefore we have no net economic exposure to such liabilities, assuming our reinsurance counterparties perform under our agreements. Net reserve liabilities includes our economic ownership of ACRA reserve liabilities but does not include the reserve liabilities associated with the noncontrolling interest.
Payout annuities						Annuities with a current cash payment component, which consist primarily of single premium immediate annuities, supplemental contracts and structured settlements
Policy loan						A loan to a policyholder under the terms of, and which is secured by, a policyholder’s policy
RBC						Risk-based capital
RILA						Registered index-linked annuity, which is an insurance contract similar to an FIA that has the potential for higher returns but also has the potential risk of loss to principal and related earnings, subject to a floor
RMBS						Residential mortgage-backed securities
RML						Residential mortgage loan
Sales						All money paid into an individual annuity, including money paid into new contracts with initial purchase occurring in the specified period and existing contracts with initial purchase occurring prior to the specified period (excluding internal transfers)
SPIA						Single premium immediate annuity
Surplus assets						Assets in excess of policyholder obligations, determined in accordance with the applicable domiciliary jurisdiction’s statutory accounting principles
TAC						Total adjusted capital as defined by the model created by the NAIC
US GAAP						Accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America
US RBC						The CAL RBC ratio for AADE, our parent US insurance company
VIE						Variable interest entity
VOBA						Value of business acquired

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Item 1. Financial Statements

Index to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited)

			Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets (unaudited)						8
			Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income (Loss) (unaudited)						10
			Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss) (unaudited)						11
			Condensed Consolidated Statements of Equity (unaudited)						12
			Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (unaudited)						13
			Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited)						15
						Note 1. Business, Basis of Presentation and Significant Accounting Policies			15
						Note 2. Adoption of Accounting Pronouncement			20
						Note 3. Business Combination			26
						Note 4. Investments			28
						Note 5. Derivative Instruments			37
						Note 6. Variable Interest Entities			39
						Note 7. Fair Value			40
						Note 8. Deferred Acquisition Costs, Deferred Sales Inducements and Value of Business Acquired			52
						Note 9. Long-duration Contracts			53
						Note 10. Debt			59
						Note 11. Equity			59
						Note 12. Income Taxes			60
						Note 13. Related Parties			60
						Note 14. Commitments and Contingencies			63

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ATHENE HOLDING LTD.

Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets (Unaudited)

(In millions)			March 31, 2023						December 31, 2022
Assets
Investments
Available-for-sale securities, at fair value (amortized cost: 2023 – $123,201 and 2022 – $120,982; allowance for credit losses: 2023 – $502 and 2022 – $458)			$	106,713					$	102,404
Trading securities, at fair value			1,652						1,595
Equity securities (portion at fair value: 2023 – $968 and 2022 – $1,087)			1,368						1,487
Mortgage loans, at fair value			29,949						27,454
Investment funds			77						79
Policy loans			339						347
Funds withheld at interest (portion at fair value: 2023 – $(4,291) and 2022 – $(4,847))			31,084						32,880
Derivative assets			3,956						3,309
Short-term investments (portion at fair value: 2023 – $582 and 2022 – $520)			627						2,160
Other investments (portion at fair value: 2023 – $501 and 2022 – $611)			701						773
Total investments			176,466						172,488
Cash and cash equivalents			13,844						7,779
Restricted cash			1,148						628
Investments in related parties
Available-for-sale securities, at fair value (amortized cost: 2023 – $12,396 and 2022 – $10,440; allowance for credit losses: 2023 – $1 and 2022 – $1)			11,866						9,821
Trading securities, at fair value			885						878
Equity securities, at fair value			251						279
Mortgage loans, at fair value			1,324						1,302
Investment funds (portion at fair value: 2023 – $1,034 and 2022 – $959)			1,595						1,569
Funds withheld at interest (portion at fair value: 2023 – $(1,266) and 2022 – $(1,425))			9,462						9,808
Short-term investments			1,043						—
Other investments, at fair value			338						303
Accrued investment income (related party: 2023 – $128 and 2022 – $105)			1,458						1,328
Reinsurance recoverable (portion at fair value: 2023 – $1,470 and 2022 – $1,388)			4,229						4,358
Deferred acquisition costs, deferred sales inducements and value of business acquired			4,836						4,466
Goodwill			4,061						4,058
Other assets (related party: 2023 – $200 and 2022 – $161)			7,916						8,693
Assets of consolidated variable interest entities
Investments
Trading securities, at fair value (related party: 2023 – $39 and 2022 – $0)			1,069						1,063
Mortgage loans, at fair value (related party: 2023 – $348 and 2022 – $342)			2,119						2,055
Investment funds, at fair value (related party: 2023 – $10,512 and 2022 – $10,068)			12,880						12,480
Other investments, at fair value (related party: 2023 – $73 and 2022 – $73)			99						101
Cash and cash equivalents (restricted cash: 2023 – $45 and 2022 – $0)			654						362
Other assets			111						112
Total assets			$	257,654					$	243,931

(Continued)

See accompanying notes to the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements

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ATHENE HOLDING LTD.

Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets (Unaudited)

(In millions)			March 31, 2023						December 31, 2022
Liabilities and Equity
Liabilities
Interest sensitive contract liabilities (related party: 2023 – $11,347 and 2022 – $11,889; portion at fair value: 2023 – $7,626 and 2022 – $6,670)			$	181,100					$	173,616
Future policy benefits (related party: 2023 – $1,359 and 2022 – $1,353; portion at fair value: 2023 – $1,769 and 2022 – $1,712)			42,490						42,110
Market risk benefits (related party: 2023 – $210 and 2022 – $195)			3,203						2,970
Debt			3,650						3,658
Derivative liabilities			1,518						1,646
Payables for collateral on derivatives and securities to repurchase			10,196						6,707
Other liabilities (related party: 2023 – $612 and 2022 – $564)			1,600						1,860
Liabilities of consolidated variable interest entities (related party: 2023 – $302 and 2022 – $292)			847						815
Total liabilities			244,604						233,382
Commitments and Contingencies (Note 14)
Equity
Preferred stock			—						—
Common stock			—						—
Additional paid-in capital			18,139						18,119
Retained deficit			(3,293)						(3,640)
Accumulated other comprehensive loss (related party: 2023 – $(115) and 2022 – $(167))			(6,148)						(7,321)
Total Athene Holding Ltd. shareholders’ equity			8,698						7,158
Noncontrolling interests			4,352						3,391
Total equity			13,050						10,549
Total liabilities and equity			$	257,654					$	243,931

(Concluded)

See accompanying notes to the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements

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ATHENE HOLDING LTD.

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income (Loss) (Unaudited)

			Three months ended March 31,
(In millions)			2023						2022
Revenues
Premiums (related party of $3 and $71 for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively)			$	96					$	2,110
Product charges (related party of $10 and $10 for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively)			198						166
Net investment income (related party investment income of $371 and $501 for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively; and related party investment expense of $222 and $186 for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively)			2,407						1,683
Investment related gains (losses) (related party of $85 and $(604) for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively)			1,065						(4,212)
Other revenues			13						(3)
Revenues of consolidated variable interest entities
Net investment income (related party of $22 and $1 for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively)			80						17
Investment related gains (losses) (related party of $224 and $7 for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively)			201						(42)
Total revenues			4,060						(281)
Benefits and expenses
Interest sensitive contract benefits (related party of $47 and $(12) for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively)			1,289						(99)
Future policy and other policy benefits (related party of $21 and $74 for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively; and remeasurement (gains) losses of $2 and $(3) for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively)			466						2,184
Market risk benefits remeasurement (gains) losses (related party of $28 and $(44) for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively)			346						(622)
Amortization of deferred acquisition costs, deferred sales inducements and value of business acquired			138						98
Policy and other operating expenses (related party of $30 and $59 for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively)			435						338
Total benefits and expenses			2,674						1,899
Income (loss) before income taxes			1,386						(2,180)
Income tax expense (benefit)			163						(284)
Net income (loss)			1,223						(1,896)
Less: Net income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interests			455						(881)
Net income (loss) attributable to Athene Holding Ltd. shareholders			768						(1,015)
Less: Preferred stock dividends			47						35
Net income (loss) available to Athene Holding Ltd. common shareholder			$	721					$	(1,050)

See accompanying notes to the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements

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ATHENE HOLDING LTD.

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss) (Unaudited)

			Three months ended March 31,
(In millions)			2023						2022
Net income (loss)			$	1,223					$	(1,896)
Other comprehensive income (loss), before tax
Unrealized investment gains (losses) on available-for-sale securities			2,099						(6,697)
Unrealized gains (losses) on hedging instruments			104						(129)
Remeasurement gains (losses) on future policy benefits related to discount rate			(802)						3,562
Remeasurement gains (losses) on market risk benefits related to credit risk			89						397
Foreign currency translation and other adjustments			16						(2)
Other comprehensive income (loss), before tax			1,506						(2,869)
Income tax expense (benefit) related to other comprehensive income (loss)			290						(615)
Other comprehensive income (loss)			1,216						(2,254)
Comprehensive income (loss)			2,439						(4,150)
Less: Comprehensive income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interests			498						(817)
Comprehensive income (loss) attributable to Athene Holding Ltd. shareholders			$	1,941					$	(3,333)

See accompanying notes to the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements

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ATHENE HOLDING LTD.

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Equity (Unaudited)

			Three months ended
(In millions)			Preferred stock						Common stock						Additional paid-in capital						Retained deficit						Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)						Total Athene Holding Ltd. shareholders’ equity (deficit)						Noncontrolling interests						Total equity
Balance at December 31, 2022			$	—					$	—					$	18,119					$	(3,640)					$	(7,321)					$	7,158					$	3,391					$	10,549
Net income			—						—						—						768						—						768						455						1,223
Other comprehensive income			—						—						—						—						1,173						1,173						43						1,216
Stock-based compensation allocation from parent			—						—						11						—						—						11						—						11
Preferred stock dividends			—						—						—						(47)						—						(47)						—						(47)
Common stock dividends			—						—						—						(374)						—						(374)						—						(374)
Contributions from parent			—						—						9						—						—						9						—						9
Distributions to noncontrolling interests			—						—						—						—						—						—						(127)						(127)
Contributions from noncontrolling interests of consolidated variable interest entities and other			—						—						—						—						—						—						590						590
Balance at March 31, 2023			$	—					$	—					$	18,139					$	(3,293)					$	(6,148)					$	8,698					$	4,352					$	13,050
			Three months ended
Balance at January 1, 2022			$	—					$	—					$	20,270					$	—					$	—					$	20,270					$	2,276					$	22,546
Net loss			—						—						—						(1,015)						—						(1,015)						(881)						(1,896)
Other comprehensive income (loss)			—						—						—						—						(2,318)						(2,318)						64						(2,254)
Stock-based compensation allocation from parent			—						—						11						—						—						11						—						11
Preferred stock dividends			—						—						—						(35)						—						(35)						—						(35)
Common stock dividends			—						—						—						(188)						—						(188)						—						(188)
Distributions to parent			—						—						(2,726)						(26)						—						(2,752)						—						(2,752)
Contributions from noncontrolling interests			—						—						—						—						—						—						311						311
Consolidation of variable interest entities			—						—						—						—						—						—						1,634						1,634
Other changes in equity of noncontrolling interests			—						—						—						—						—						—						(84)						(84)
Balance at March 31, 2022			$	—					$	—					$	17,555					$	(1,264)					$	(2,318)					$	13,973					$	3,320					$	17,293

See accompanying notes to the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements

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ATHENE HOLDING LTD.

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (Unaudited)

			Three months ended March 31,
(In millions)			2023						2022
Cash flows from operating activities
Net income (loss)			$	1,223					$	(1,896)
Adjustments to reconcile net income (loss) to net cash provided by operating activities:
Amortization of deferred acquisition costs, deferred sales inducements and value of business acquired			138						98
Net amortization of net investment premiums, discounts and other			30						73
Net investment (income) loss (related party: 2023 – $(26) and 2022 – $(199))			(32)						(238)
Net recognized (gains) losses on investments and derivatives (related party: 2023 – $(262) and 2022 – $101)			(2,031)						1,825
Policy acquisition costs deferred			(375)						(214)
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Accrued investment income (related party: 2023 – $(23) and 2022 – $10)			(130)						77
Interest sensitive contract liabilities (related party: 2023 – $37 and 2022 – $(20))			2,229						(548)
Future policy benefits, market risk benefits and reinsurance recoverable (related party: 2023 – $11 and 2022 – $1)			64						(776)
Funds withheld assets (related party: 2023 – $(186) and 2022 – $475)			(975)						2,365
Other assets and liabilities			(66)						(611)
Net cash provided by operating activities			75						155
Cash flows from investing activities
Sales, maturities and repayments of:
Available-for-sale securities (related party: 2023 – $225 and 2022 – $913)			2,461						9,264
Trading securities (related party: 2023 – $1 and 2022 – $51)			60						77
Equity securities			76						87
Mortgage loans (related party: 2023 – $5 and 2022 – $28)			657						985
Investment funds (related party: 2023 – $198 and 2022 – $351)			232						427
Derivative instruments and other investments (related party: 2023 – $0 and 2022 – $44)			396						1,179
Short-term investments (related party: 2023 – $159 and 2022 – $0)			1,888						59
Purchases of:
Available-for-sale securities (related party: 2023 – $(2,161) and 2022 – $(1,055))			(6,668)						(11,100)
Trading securities (related party: 2023 – $0 and 2022 – $(143))			(56)						(173)
Equity securities (related party: 2023 – $0 and 2022 – $(13))			(20)						(59)
Mortgage loans (related party: 2023 – $0 and 2022 – $(167))			(2,930)						(4,258)
Investment funds (related party: 2023 – $(318) and 2022 – $(1,833))			(376)						(1,956)
Derivative instruments and other investments (related party: 2023 – $(43) and 2022 – $(77))			(725)						(736)
Short-term investments (related party: 2023 – $(1,193) and 2022 – $(33))			(1,321)						(129)
Consolidation of new variable interest entities			—						393
Deconsolidation of previously consolidated entities			(51)						—
Other investing activities, net			458						(225)
Net cash used in investing activities			(5,919)						(6,165)
									(Continued)
See accompanying notes to the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements

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ATHENE HOLDING LTD.

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (Unaudited)

			Three months ended March 31,
(In millions)			2023						2022
Cash flows from financing activities
Deposits on investment-type policies and contracts (related party: 2023 – $3 and 2022 – $18)			$	12,006					$	8,342
Withdrawals on investment-type policies and contracts (related party: 2023 – $(116) and 2022 – $(88))			(2,707)						(2,245)
Capital contributions from noncontrolling interests			—						311
Capital distributions to noncontrolling interests			(127)						—
Capital contributions from noncontrolling interests of consolidated variable interest entities			605						—
Net change in cash collateral posted for derivative transactions and securities to repurchase			3,489						27
Preferred stock dividends			(47)						(35)
Common stock dividends			(374)						(938)
Other financing activities, net			(127)						1
Net cash provided by financing activities			12,718						5,463
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents			3						(4)
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents			6,877						(551)
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of year1			8,769						10,429
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period1			$	15,646					$	9,878
Supplementary information
Non-cash transactions
Deposits on investment-type policies and contracts through reinsurance agreements (related party: 2023 – $5 and 2022 – $72)			$	27					$	563
Withdrawals on investment-type policies and contracts through reinsurance agreements (related party: 2023 – $472 and 2022 – $375)			3,029						1,774
Investments received from settlements on reinsurance agreements			7						—
Investments received from settlements on related party reinsurance agreements			64						—
Investments received from pension group annuity premiums			—						1,759
Distributions to parent			—						2,145
1 Includes cash and cash equivalents, restricted cash and cash and cash equivalents of consolidated variable interest entities.

(Concluded)

See accompanying notes to the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements

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ATHENE HOLDING LTD.

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

1. Business, Basis of Presentation and Significant Accounting Policies

Athene Holding Ltd. (AHL), a Bermuda exempted company, together with its subsidiaries (collectively, Athene, we, our, us, or the Company), is a leading financial services company that specializes in issuing, reinsuring and acquiring retirement savings products in the United States (US) and internationally. We are a wholly owned subsidiary of Apollo Global Management, Inc. (AGM, and together with its subsidiaries other than us or our subsidiaries, Apollo). See Note 3 – Business Combination for further information regarding our merger with Apollo.

We conduct business primarily through the following consolidated subsidiaries:

•Our non-US reinsurance subsidiaries, to which AHL’s other insurance subsidiaries and third-party ceding companies directly and indirectly reinsure a portion of their liabilities, including Athene Life Re Ltd. (ALRe), a Bermuda exempted company, Athene Annuity Re Ltd. (AARe) and Athene Life Re International Ltd. (ALReI); and

•Athene USA Corporation, an Iowa corporation (together with its subsidiaries, AUSA).

In addition, we consolidate certain variable interest entities (VIEs) for which we have determined we are the primary beneficiary. See Note 6 – Variable Interest Entities for further information on VIEs.

Consolidation and Basis of Presentation—We have prepared the accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (US GAAP) for interim financial information and the United States Securities and Exchange Commission’s rules and regulations for Form 10-Q and Article 10 of Regulation S-X. The accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements are unaudited and reflect all adjustments, consisting only of normal recurring items, considered necessary for fair statement of the results for the interim periods presented. All intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated. Interim operating results are not necessarily indicative of the results expected for the entire year.

For entities that are consolidated, but not wholly owned, we allocate a portion of the income or loss and corresponding equity to the owners other than us. We include the aggregate of the income or loss and corresponding equity that is not owned by us in noncontrolling interests in the condensed consolidated financial statements.

The condensed consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2022 has been derived from the audited financial statements, with necessary unaudited adjustments made for the implementation of targeted improvements to the accounting for long-duration contracts, and does not include all of the information and footnotes required by US GAAP for complete financial statements. Therefore, these condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with our audited consolidated financial statements included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022. The preparation of financial statements requires the use of management estimates. Actual results may differ from estimates used in preparing the condensed consolidated financial statements.

Significant Accounting Policies

Reinsurance—We assume and cede insurance and investment contracts under coinsurance, funds withheld coinsurance (funds withheld) and modified coinsurance (modco). We follow reinsurance accounting for transactions that provide indemnification against loss or liability relating to insurance risk (risk transfer). To meet risk transfer requirements, a reinsurance agreement must transfer insurance risk arising from uncertainties about both underwriting and timing risks. Cessions under reinsurance do not discharge our obligations as the primary insurer unless the requirements of assumption reinsurance have been met. We generally have the right of offset on reinsurance contracts, but have elected to present reinsurance settlement amounts due to and from us on a gross basis.

For assets and liabilities ceded under reinsurance agreements, we generally apply the same measurement guidance for our directly issued or assumed contracts. Ceded amounts are recorded within reinsurance recoverable on the condensed consolidated balance sheets. For reinsurance of in-force contracts that pass risk transfer, the issue year used for the purpose of measuring the reinsurance recoverable is dependent on the effective date of the reinsurance agreement, which may differ from the issue year for the direct or assumed contract. The issue year informs the locked-in discount rate used for the purposes of interest accretion. This may result in different discount rates used for the direct or assumed reserves and ceded reserves when reinsuring an in-force block of insurance contracts. For flow reinsurance of insurance contracts that pass risk transfer, the contracts have the same cash flow assumptions as the direct or assumed contracts when the terms are consistent between those respective contracts and the ceded reinsurance agreement. When we recognize an immediate loss due to the present value of future benefits and expenses exceeding the present value of future gross premiums, a gain is recognized on the corresponding reinsurance recoverable to the extent it does not result in gain recognition at treaty inception. Likewise, where the direct or assumed reserve has been floored to zero, the corresponding reinsurance recoverable will be consistently set to zero. See –Future Policy Benefits below for further information.

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ATHENE HOLDING LTD.

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

Accounting for reinsurance requires the use of assumptions, particularly related to the future performance of the underlying business and the potential impact of counterparty credit risks. We attempt to minimize our counterparty credit risk through the structuring of the terms of our reinsurance agreements, including the use of trusts, and monitor credit ratings of counterparties for signs of declining credit quality. When a ceding company does not report information on a timely basis, we record accruals based on the best available information at the time, which includes the reinsurance agreement terms and historical experience. We periodically compare actual and anticipated experience to the assumptions used to establish reinsurance assets and liabilities.

Assets and liabilities assumed or ceded under coinsurance, funds withheld or modco are presented gross on the condensed consolidated balance sheets. For investment contracts, the change in the direct or assumed and ceded reserves are presented net in interest sensitive contract benefits on the condensed consolidated statements of income (loss). For insurance contracts, the change in the direct or assumed and ceded reserves and benefits are presented net in future policy and other policy benefits on the condensed consolidated statements of income (loss), except for changes related to the discount rate which are presented net in other comprehensive income (loss) (OCI) on the condensed consolidated statements of comprehensive income (loss). For market risk benefits, the change in the direct or assumed and ceded reserves are presented net in market risk benefits remeasurement (gains) losses on the condensed consolidated statements of income (loss), except for changes related to instrument-specific credit risk on direct and assumed contracts which are presented net in OCI on the condensed consolidated statements of comprehensive income (loss).

For the reinsurance of existing in-force blocks that transfer significant insurance risk, the difference between the assets received or paid and the liabilities assumed or ceded represents the net cost of reinsurance at the inception of the reinsurance agreement. The net cost of reinsurance is amortized on a basis consistent with the methodologies and assumptions used to amortize deferred acquisition costs (DAC) and deferred sales inducements (DSI).

Deferred Acquisition Costs, Deferred Sales Inducements and Value of Business Acquired

Deferred Acquisition Costs and Deferred Sales Inducements – Costs related directly to the successful acquisition of new, or the renewal of existing, insurance or investment contracts are deferred. These costs consist of commissions and policy issuance costs, as well as sales inducements credited to policyholder account balances, and are included in deferred acquisition costs, deferred sales inducements and value of business acquired on the condensed consolidated balance sheets. These costs are not capitalized until they are incurred.

Deferred costs related to universal life-type policies and investment contracts with significant revenue streams from sources other than investment of the policyholder funds are grouped into cohorts based on issue year and contract type and amortized on a constant level basis over the expected term of the related contracts. The cohorts and assumptions used for the amortization of deferred costs are consistent with those used in estimating the related liabilities for these contracts. The constant level basis generally is the initial premium or deposit and is projected based on assumptions related to policyholder behavior, including lapses and mortality, over the expected term of the contracts. Each reporting period, we replace expected experience with actual experience to determine the related amortization expense. Changes to projected experience are recognized in amortization expense prospectively over the remaining contract term. Amortization of DAC and DSI is included in amortization of deferred acquisition costs, deferred sales inducements and value of business acquired on the condensed consolidated statements of income (loss).

Deferred costs related to investment contracts without significant revenue streams from sources other than investment of the policyholder funds are amortized using the effective interest method. The effective interest method amortizes the deferred costs by discounting the future liability cash flows at a break-even rate. The break-even rate is solved for such that the present value of future liability cash flows is equal to the net liability at the inception of the contract. The deferred costs represent the difference between the net and gross liability and the change relates to amortization for the period.

Value of Business Acquired (VOBA) – We establish VOBA for blocks of insurance contracts acquired through the acquisition of insurance entities and through application of pushdown accounting related to our merger with AGM. We record the fair value of the liabilities assumed in two components: reserves and VOBA. Reserves are established using our best estimate assumptions as of the business combination date. VOBA is the difference between the fair value of the liabilities and the reserves. VOBA can be either positive or negative and is amortized in relation to respective policyholder liabilities. Significant assumptions that impact VOBA amortization are consistent with those that impact the measurement of policyholder liabilities. We perform periodic tests to determine if positive VOBA remains recoverable. If we determine that positive VOBA is not recoverable, we would record a cumulative charge to the current period. Any negative VOBA is recorded to the same financial statement line on the condensed consolidated balance sheets as the associated reserves. Positive VOBA is recorded in deferred acquisition costs, deferred sales inducements and value of business acquired on the condensed consolidated balance sheets.

See Note 8 – Deferred Acquisition Costs, Deferred Sales Inducements and Value of Business Acquired for further information.

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ATHENE HOLDING LTD.

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

Interest Sensitive Contract Liabilities—Universal life-type policies and investment contracts include traditional deferred annuities, indexed annuities consisting of fixed indexed and index-linked variable annuities in the accumulation phase, funding agreements, immediate annuities without significant mortality risk (which include pension group annuities without life contingencies), universal life insurance, and other investment contracts inclusive of assumed endowments without significant mortality risk. We carry liabilities for traditional deferred annuities, indexed annuities, funding agreements and universal life insurance at the account balances without reduction for potential surrender or withdrawal charges, except for a block of universal life business ceded to Global Atlantic Financial Group Limited (together with its subsidiaries, Global Atlantic), which we carry at fair value. Liabilities for immediate annuities without significant mortality risk are calculated as the present value of future liability cash flows and policy maintenance expenses discounted at contractual interest rates. Certain of our contracts are offered with additional contract features that meet the definition of a market risk benefit. See –Market Risk Benefits below for further information.

Unearned revenue liabilities are established when amounts are assessed against the policyholder for services to be provided in future periods. These balances are amortized consistent with the methodologies and assumptions used to amortize DAC and DSI.

Changes in interest sensitive contract liabilities, excluding deposits and withdrawals, are recorded in interest sensitive contract benefits or product charges on the condensed consolidated statements of income (loss). Interest sensitive contract liabilities are not reduced for amounts ceded under reinsurance agreements which are reported as reinsurance recoverable on the condensed consolidated balance sheets.

Future Policy Benefits—We issue contracts classified as long-duration, which include term and whole life, accident and health, disability, and immediate annuities with life contingencies (which include pension group annuities with life contingencies). Liabilities for nonparticipating long-duration contracts are established as the estimated present value of benefits we expect to pay to or on behalf of the policyholder and related expenses less the present value of the net premiums to be collected, referred to as the net premium ratio. The contracts are grouped into cohorts based on issue year and contract type, with an exception for pension group annuities, which are generally assessed at the group annuity contract level. Contracts with different issuance years are not combined. Contracts acquired in a business combination are grouped into a single cohort by contract type, except for pension group annuities, which follow the group annuity contract level.

Liabilities for nonparticipating long-duration contracts are established using accepted actuarial valuation methods which require the use of assumptions related to discount rate, expenses, longevity, mortality, morbidity, persistency and other policyholder behavior. We base certain key assumptions, such as longevity, mortality and morbidity, on industry standard data adjusted to align with actual company experience, if needed. We have elected to use expense assumptions that are locked in at issuance for each cohort. All other cash flow assumptions are established at contract issuance and reviewed annually or more frequently if actual experience suggests a revision is necessary. The effects of changes in cash flow assumptions impacting the net premium ratio are recorded as remeasurement changes in the period in which they are made. As cash flow assumptions are reviewed at least annually, there is no provision for adverse deviation included within the liability.

Actual experience is recognized in the period in which the experience arises. Actual experience is then incorporated into the net premium ratio for all products and cohorts on a quarterly basis. When the net premium ratio is revised, whether to incorporate actual experience each reporting period or for the review of cash flow assumptions, the liability is recalculated as of the beginning of the period, discounted at the original contract issuance discount rate, and compared with the carrying amount of the liability as of the same date to determine the current period change. The current period change in the liability is recognized as a remeasurement gain or loss.

To the extent the present value of benefits and expenses exceeds the present value of gross premiums, we will cap the net premium ratio at one hundred percent by increasing the corresponding liability and recognizing an immediate loss through the condensed consolidated statements of income (loss). The liability is never recorded at an amount less than zero for the cohort.

The liability for nonparticipating long-duration contracts is discounted using an upper-medium grade fixed income instrument yield aligned to the duration of the liability. In determining reference portfolio of instruments, we have used a single A equivalent level rate and maximized the use of observable data to the extent possible for the duration of our liabilities. The discount rate is required to be updated at the end of each reporting period for the remeasurement of the liability but is locked-in for each cohort for the purpose of interest accretion expense.

Changes in the value of the liability for nonparticipating long-duration contracts due to changes in the discount rate are recognized as a component of OCI on the condensed consolidated statements of comprehensive income (loss). The change in the liability for the remeasurement gain or loss and all other changes in the liability are recorded in future policy and other policy benefits on the condensed consolidated statements of income (loss).

Future policy benefits include liabilities for no-lapse guarantees on universal life insurance and fixed indexed universal life insurance that do not meet the criteria to be classified and accounted for as a market risk benefit. We establish future policy benefits for no-lapse guarantees by estimating the expected value of death benefits paid after policyholder account balances have been exhausted. We recognize these benefits proportionally over the life of the contracts based on total actual and expected assessments. The methods we use to estimate the liabilities have assumptions about policyholder behavior, mortality, expected yield on investments supporting the liability and market conditions affecting policyholder account balance growth.

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ATHENE HOLDING LTD.

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

For the liabilities associated with no-lapse guarantees, each reporting period we update expected excess benefits and assessments with actual excess benefits and assessments and adjust the liability balances due to the OCI effects of unrealized investment gains and losses on available-for-sale (AFS) securities. We also periodically revise the key assumptions used in the calculation of the liabilities that result in revisions to the expected excess benefits and assessments. The effects of changes in assumptions are recorded as unlocking in the period in which the changes are made. Changes in the liabilities associated with no-lapse guarantees, other than the adjustment for the OCI effects of unrealized investment gains and losses on AFS securities, are recorded in future policy and other policy benefits on the condensed consolidated statements of income (loss).

Future policy benefits are not reduced for amounts ceded under reinsurance agreements which are reported as reinsurance recoverable on the condensed consolidated balance sheets.

Market Risk Benefits—Market risk benefits represent contracts or contract features that both provide protection to the contract holder from, and expose the insurance entity to, other-than-nominal capital market risk. We issue and reinsure deferred annuity contracts which contain guaranteed lifetime withdrawal benefits (GLWB) and guaranteed minimum death benefit (GMDB) riders that meet the criteria for, and are classified as, market risk benefits.

Market risk benefits are measured at fair value at the contract level and may be recorded as a liability or an asset, which are included in market risk benefits or other assets, respectively, on the condensed consolidated balance sheets. Multiple market risk benefits on a contract are treated as a single, compound market risk benefit. At contract inception, we assess the fees and assessments that are collectible from the policyholder and allocate them to the extent they are attributable to the market risk benefit. These attributed fees are used in the valuation of the market risk benefits and are never negative or exceed total explicit fees collectible from the policyholder. If the fees are sufficient to cover the projected benefits, a non-option based valuation model is used. If the fees are insufficient to cover the projected benefits, an option-based valuation model is used to compute the market risk benefit liability at contract inception, with an equal and offsetting adjustment recognized in interest sensitive contract liabilities.

Changes in fair value of market risk benefits are recorded in market risk benefits remeasurement (gains) losses on the condensed consolidated statements of income (loss), excluding portions attributed to changes in instrument-specific credit risk, which are recorded in OCI on the condensed consolidated statements of comprehensive income (loss). Market risk benefits are not reduced for market risk benefits ceded under reinsurance agreements. Ceded market risk benefits are measured at fair value and recorded within reinsurance recoverable on the condensed consolidated balance sheets.

Upon annuitization of the contract or the extinguishment of the account balance, the market risk benefit, related annuity contract and unamortized deferred costs are derecognized, including amounts within AOCI. A payout annuity is then established for GLWBs.

Recognition of Revenues and Related Expenses—Revenues for universal life-type policies and investment contracts, including surrender and market value adjustments, costs of insurance, policy administration, GMDB, GLWB and no-lapse guarantee charges, are earned when assessed against policyholder account balances during the period. Interest credited to policyholder account balances and the change in fair value of embedded derivatives within fixed indexed annuity contracts is included in interest sensitive contract benefits on the condensed consolidated statements of income (loss).

Premiums for long-duration contracts, including products with fixed and guaranteed premiums and benefits, are recognized as revenue when due from policyholders. When premiums are due over a significantly shorter period than the period over which benefits are provided, such as immediate annuities with life contingencies (which includes pension group annuities), a deferred profit liability is established equal to the excess of the gross premium over the net premium. The deferred profit liability is recognized in future policy benefits on the condensed consolidated balance sheets and amortized into income in relation to applicable policyholder liabilities through future policy and other policy benefits on the condensed consolidated statements of income (loss).

When the net premium ratio for the corresponding future policy benefit is updated for actual experience and changes to projected cash flow assumptions, the deferred profit liability is retrospectively recalculated from the contract issuance date through the beginning of the current reporting period. The revised deferred profit liability is compared to the beginning of the period carrying amount to determine the change to be recognized as a remeasurement gain or loss within future policy and other policy benefits on the condensed consolidated statements of income (loss). Unlike the related future policy benefit, the deferred profit liability will not be remeasured for changes in discount rates each reporting period. Negative VOBA balances associated with payout contracts involving life contingencies, including pension group annuities, are accounted for in a manner similar to the deferred profit liability.

All insurance-related revenue is reported net of reinsurance ceded.

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ATHENE HOLDING LTD.

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements

Investments – Equity Method and Joint Ventures (Accounting Standards Update (ASU) 2023-02)

The amendments in this update introduce the option of applying the proportional amortization method (PAM) to account for investments made primarily for the purpose of receiving income tax credits or other income tax benefits when certain requirements are met. Currently, PAM only applies to low-income housing tax credit (LIHTC) investments. The guidance is effective for us on January 1, 2024; however, early adoption is permitted. We are currently evaluating the impact of the new pronouncement.

Fair Value Measurement — Fair Value Measurement of Equity Securities Subject to Contractual Sale Restrictions (ASU 2022-03)

This amendment clarifies guidance that a restriction that is a characteristic of the holding entity, rather than a characteristic of the equity security itself, should not be considered in its fair value measurement. As a result, we are required to measure the fair value of equity securities subject to contractual restrictions attributable to the holding entity on the basis of the market price of the same equity security without those contractual restrictions. Companies are not permitted to recognize a contractual sale restriction attributable to the holding entity as a separate unit of account. The guidance also requires disclosures for these equity securities. The guidance is effective for us on January 1, 2024; however, early adoption is permitted. We will apply the guidance prospectively and recognize in earnings any adjustments required as a result of the adoption. We are currently evaluating the impact of the new pronouncement.

Adopted Accounting Pronouncements

Insurance – Targeted Improvements to the Accounting for Long-Duration Contracts (ASU 2020-11, ASU 2019-09, ASU 2018-12)

These updates amend four key areas pertaining to the accounting and disclosures for long-duration insurance and investment contracts and are commonly referred to as long-duration targeted improvements (LDTI).

•The update requires cash flow assumptions used to measure the liability for future policy benefits to be updated at least annually and no longer allows a provision for adverse deviation. The remeasurement of the liability associated with the update of assumptions is required to be recognized in net income. Loss recognition testing is eliminated for traditional and limited-payment contracts. The update also requires the discount rate used in measuring the liability to be an upper-medium grade fixed income instrument yield, which is to be updated at each reporting date. The change in liability due to changes in the discount rate is to be recognized in other comprehensive income.

•The update simplifies the amortization of DAC and other balances amortized in proportion to premiums, gross profits or gross margins, requiring such balances to be amortized on a constant level basis over the expected term of the contracts. Deferred costs are required to be written off for unexpected contract terminations but are not subject to impairment testing.

•The update requires certain contract features meeting the definition of market risk benefits to be measured at fair value. Among the features included in this definition are GLWB and GMDB riders attached to our annuity products. The change in fair value of the market risk benefits is to be recognized in net income, excluding the portion attributable to changes in instrument-specific credit risk which is recognized in other comprehensive income.

•The update also introduces disclosure requirements around the liability for future policy benefits, policyholder account balances, market risk benefits, separate account liabilities and deferred acquisition costs. This includes disaggregated rollforwards of these balances and information about significant inputs, judgments, assumptions and methods used in their measurement.

We adopted LDTI as of January 1, 2023 and, for all provisions of the update, applied a retrospective transition approach using a transition date of January 1, 2022, the date of our merger with AGM. At the merger date, VOBA balances were established as the difference between the fair value of the liabilities and the reserves established as of this date. Upon transition to LDTI, the liability for future policy benefits and contractual features that meet the criteria for market risk benefits were adjusted to conform to LDTI, with an offsetting adjustment made to positive or negative VOBA. No adjustments were recorded to AOCI or retained deficit as of the transition date. See Note 2 – Adoption of Accounting Pronouncement for the effects of LDTI adoption on our 2022 condensed consolidated financial statements.

Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848) (Accounting Standards Update (ASU) 2022-06, ASU 2021-01, ASU 2020-04)

We adopted ASU 2020-04 and ASU 2021-01 and elected to apply certain of the practical expedients related to contract modifications, hedge accounting relationships, and derivative modifications pertaining to discounting, margining, or contract price alignment. The main purpose of the practical expedients is to ease the administrative burden of accounting for contracts impacted by reference rate reform, and these elections did not have, and are not expected to have, a material impact on the consolidated financial statements. ASU 2022-06 amended and deferred the sunset date of Topic 848 from December 31, 2022, to December 31, 2024, after which we will no longer be permitted to apply the expedients provided in Topic 848. We will continue to evaluate the impact of reference rate reform on contract modifications and hedging relationships.

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ATHENE HOLDING LTD.

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

2. Adoption of Accounting Pronouncement

The following table summarizes future policy benefits and changes to the liability:

(In millions)			Traditional deferred annuities						Indexed annuities						Payout annuities						Reconciling items1						Total
Balance as of January 1, 2022			$	221					$	5,389					$	32,872					$	8,632					$	47,114
Change in discount rate assumptions			—						—						2,406						—						2,406
Adjustment for removal of balances related to market risk benefits			(221)						(5,389)						—						—						(5,610)
Adjustment for offsetting balance in negative VOBA2			—						—						—						(2,428)						(2,428)
Adjusted balance as of January 1, 2022			$	—					$	—					$	35,278					$	6,204					$	41,482
1 Reconciling items primarily include negative VOBA associated with our liability for future policy benefits, as well as reserves for our immaterial lines of business including term and whole life, accident and health and disability, as well as other insurance benefit reserves for our no-lapse guarantees with universal life contracts, all of which are fully ceded.
2 Uneliminated adjustments were recorded to positive VOBA within deferred acquisition costs, deferred sales inducements and value of business acquired on the condensed consolidated balance sheets.

Adjustments to the deferred profit liability were not required as these balances were set to zero on the merger date. Since the liability for future policy benefits was measured at fair value on the merger date, there were no instances upon transition in which net premiums exceeded gross premiums which would have required an immediate loss to be recognized in net income.

The following table presents the net liability position of market risk benefits:

(In millions)			Traditional deferred annuities						Indexed annuities						Total
Balance as of January 1, 2022			$	—					$	—					$	—
Adjustment for addition of existing balances1			221						5,389						5,610
Adjustment to positive VOBA due to fair value adjustment for market risk benefits2			32						(1,165)						(1,133)
Adjustment to negative VOBA due to fair value adjustment for market risk benefits3			—						(30)						(30)
Adjusted balance as of January 1, 2022			$	253					$	4,194					$	4,447
1 Previously recorded within future policy benefits on the condensed consolidated balance sheets.
2 Previously recorded within deferred acquisition costs, deferred sales inducements and value of business acquired on the condensed consolidated balance sheets.
3 Previously recorded within interest sensitive contract liabilities on the condensed consolidated balance sheets.

The following table represents market risk benefits by asset and liability positions:

(In millions)			Asset1						Liability						Net liability
Traditional deferred annuities			$	—					$	253					$	253
Indexed annuities			366						4,560						4,194
Adjusted balance as of January 1, 2022			$	366					$	4,813					$	4,447
1 Included in other assets on the condensed consolidated balance sheets.

The following table summarizes the change in deferred acquisition costs, deferred sales inducements and value of business acquired:

(In millions)			VOBA
Balance as of January 1, 2022			$	4,527
Change in discount rate assumptions for future policy benefits			(22)
Fair value adjustment of market risk benefits			(1,133)
Adjusted balance as of January 1, 2022			$	3,372

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ATHENE HOLDING LTD.

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

The following represents the effects of LDTI adoption on the applicable financial statement lines of our condensed consolidated balance sheet:

			December 31, 2022
(In millions)			Reported						Adoption						Adjusted
Assets
Reinsurance recoverable			$	4,367					$	(9)					$	4,358
Deferred acquisition costs, deferred sales inducements and value of business acquired			5,576						(1,110)						4,466
Other assets			9,690						(997)						8,693
Total assets			$	246,047					$	(2,116)					$	243,931
Liabilities and Equity
Liabilities
Interest sensitive contract liabilities			$	173,653					$	(37)					$	173,616
Future policy benefits			55,328						(13,218)						42,110
Market risk benefits			—						2,970						2,970
Total liabilities			243,667						(10,285)						233,382
Equity
Retained deficit			(4,892)						1,252						(3,640)
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)			(12,311)						4,990						(7,321)
Total Athene Holding Ltd. shareholders’ equity			916						6,242						7,158
Noncontrolling interests			1,464						1,927						3,391
Total equity			2,380						8,169						10,549
Total liabilities and equity			$	246,047					$	(2,116)					$	243,931

The following represents the effects of LDTI adoption on the applicable financial statement lines of our condensed consolidated statements of income (loss):

			Three months ended March 31, 2022
(In millions)			Reported						Adoption						Adjusted
Revenues
Investment related gains (losses)			$	(4,200)					$	(12)					$	(4,212)
Total revenues			(269)						(12)						(281)
Benefits and expenses
Interest sensitive contract benefits			(41)						(58)						(99)
Future policy and other policy benefits			2,085						99						2,184
Market risk benefits remeasurement (gains) losses			—						(622)						(622)
Amortization of deferred acquisition costs, deferred sales inducements and value of business acquired			125						(27)						98
Policy and other operating expenses			335						3						338
Total benefits and expenses			2,504						(605)						1,899
Income (loss) before income taxes			(2,773)						593						(2,180)
Income tax expense (benefit)			(407)						123						(284)
Net income (loss)			(2,366)						470						(1,896)
Less: Net income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interests			(883)						2						(881)
Net income (loss) attributable to Athene Holding Ltd. shareholders			(1,483)						468						(1,015)
Less: Preferred stock dividends			35						—						35
Net income (loss) available to Athene Holding Ltd. common shareholder			$	(1,518)					$	468					$	(1,050)

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ATHENE HOLDING LTD.

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

			Six months ended June 30, 2022
(In millions)			Reported						Adoption						Adjusted
Revenues
Total revenues			$	1,526					$	—					$	1,526
Benefits and expenses
Interest sensitive contract benefits			(662)						(90)						(752)
Future policy and other policy benefits			7,694						266						7,960
Market risk benefits remeasurement (gains) losses			—						(1,231)						(1,231)
Amortization of deferred acquisition costs, deferred sales inducements and value of business acquired			250						(44)						206
Policy and other operating expenses			693						2						695
Total benefits and expenses			7,975						(1,097)						6,878
Income (loss) before income taxes			(6,449)						1,097						(5,352)
Income tax expense (benefit)			(891)						229						(662)
Net income (loss)			(5,558)						868						(4,690)
Less: Net loss attributable to noncontrolling interests			(1,955)						(15)						(1,970)
Net income (loss) attributable to Athene Holding Ltd. shareholders			(3,603)						883						(2,720)
Less: Preferred stock dividends			70						—						70
Net income (loss) available to Athene Holding Ltd. common shareholder			$	(3,673)					$	883					$	(2,790)

			Nine months ended September 30, 2022
(In millions)			Reported						Adoption						Adjusted
Revenues
Investment related gains (losses)			$	(12,812)					$	1					$	(12,811)
Total revenues			3,835						1						3,836
Benefits and expenses
Interest sensitive contract benefits			(573)						(8)						(581)
Future policy and other policy benefits			10,988						242						11,230
Market risk benefits remeasurement (gains) losses			—						(1,689)						(1,689)
Amortization of deferred acquisition costs, deferred sales inducements and value of business acquired			375						(57)						318
Policy and other operating expenses			1,081						2						1,083
Total benefits and expenses			11,871						(1,510)						10,361
Income (loss) before income taxes			(8,036)						1,511						(6,525)
Income tax expense (benefit)			(1,101)						318						(783)
Net income (loss)			(6,935)						1,193						(5,742)
Less: Net income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interests			(2,431)						(4)						(2,435)
Net income (loss) attributable to Athene Holding Ltd. shareholders			(4,504)						1,197						(3,307)
Less: Preferred stock dividends			105						—						105
Net income (loss) available to Athene Holding Ltd. common shareholder			$	(4,609)					$	1,197					$	(3,412)

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ATHENE HOLDING LTD.

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

			Year ended December 31, 2022
(In millions)			Reported						Adoption						Adjusted
Revenues
Total revenues			$	7,623					$	—					$	7,623
Benefits and expenses
Interest sensitive contract benefits			541						(3)						538
Future policy and other policy benefits			12,310						155						12,465
Market risk benefits remeasurement (gains) losses			—						(1,657)						(1,657)
Amortization of deferred acquisition costs, deferred sales inducements and value of business acquired			509						(65)						444
Policy and other operating expenses			1,493						2						1,495
Total benefits and expenses			14,853						(1,568)						13,285
Income (Loss) before income taxes			(7,230)						1,568						(5,662)
Income tax expense (benefit)			(976)						330						(646)
Net income (loss)			(6,254)						1,238						(5,016)
Less: Net loss attributable to noncontrolling interests			(2,092)						(14)						(2,106)
Net income (loss) attributable to Athene Holding Ltd. shareholders			(4,162)						1,252						(2,910)
Less: Preferred stock dividends			141						—						141
Net income (loss) available to Athene Holding Ltd. common shareholder			$	(4,303)					$	1,252					$	(3,051)

The following represents the effects of LDTI adoption on the applicable financial statement lines of our condensed consolidated statements of comprehensive income (loss):

			Three months ended March 31, 2022
(In millions)			Reported						Adoption						Adjusted
Net income (loss)			$	(2,366)					$	470					$	(1,896)
Other comprehensive income (loss), before tax
Unrealized investment gains (losses) on available-for-sale securities			(6,430)						(267)						(6,697)
Remeasurement gains (losses) on future policy benefits related to discount rate			—						3,562						3,562
Remeasurement gains (losses) on market risk benefits related to credit risk			—						397						397
Foreign currency translation and other adjustments			4						(6)						(2)
Other comprehensive income (loss), before tax			(6,555)						3,686						(2,869)
Income tax expense (benefit) related to other comprehensive income (loss)			(1,170)						555						(615)
Other comprehensive income (loss)			(5,385)						3,131						(2,254)
Comprehensive income (loss)			(7,751)						3,601						(4,150)
Less: Comprehensive income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interests			(1,594)						777						(817)
Comprehensive income (loss) attributable to Athene Holding Ltd. shareholders			$	(6,157)					$	2,824					$	(3,333)

			Six months ended June 30, 2022
(In millions)			Reported						Adoption						Adjusted
Net income (loss)			$	(5,558)					$	868					$	(4,690)
Other comprehensive income (loss), before tax
Unrealized investment gains (losses) on available-for-sale securities			(13,703)						(547)						(14,250)
Remeasurement gains (losses) on future policy benefits related to discount rate			—						6,459						6,459
Remeasurement gains (losses) on market risk benefits related to credit risk			—						576						576
Foreign currency translation and other adjustments			(54)						(27)						(81)
Other comprehensive income (loss), before tax			(13,805)						6,461						(7,344)
Income tax expense (benefit) related to other comprehensive income (loss)			(2,453)						960						(1,493)
Other comprehensive income (loss)			(11,352)						5,501						(5,851)
Comprehensive income (loss)			(16,910)						6,369						(10,541)
Less: Comprehensive income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interests			(3,520)						1,397						(2,123)
Comprehensive income (loss) attributable to Athene Holding Ltd. shareholders			$	(13,390)					$	4,972					$	(8,418)

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ATHENE HOLDING LTD.

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

			Nine months ended September 30, 2022
(In millions)			Reported						Adoption						Adjusted
Net income (loss)			$	(6,935)					$	1,193					$	(5,742)
Other comprehensive income (loss), before tax
Unrealized investment gains (losses) on available-for-sale securities			(19,414)						(764)						(20,178)
Remeasurement gains (losses) on future policy benefits related to discount rate			—						8,833						8,833
Remeasurement gains (losses) on market risk benefits related to credit risk			—						524						524
Foreign currency translation and other adjustments			(13)						(59)						(72)
Other comprehensive income (loss), before tax			(19,555)						8,534						(11,021)
Income tax expense (benefit) related to other comprehensive income (loss)			(3,444)						1,224						(2,220)
Other comprehensive income (loss)			(16,111)						7,310						(8,801)
Comprehensive income (loss)			(23,046)						8,503						(14,543)
Less: Comprehensive income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interests			(4,787)						2,024						(2,763)
Comprehensive income (loss) attributable to Athene Holding Ltd. shareholders			$	(18,259)					$	6,479					$	(11,780)

			Year ended December 31, 2022
(In millions)			Reported						Adoption						Adjusted
Net income (loss)			$	(6,254)					$	1,238					$	(5,016)
Other comprehensive income (loss), before tax
Unrealized investment gains (losses) on available-for-sale securities			(17,457)						(699)						(18,156)
Remeasurement gains (losses) on future policy benefits related to discount rate			—						8,425						8,425
Remeasurement gains (losses) on market risk benefits related to credit risk			—						366						366
Foreign currency translation and other adjustments			(16)						(11)						(27)
Other comprehensive income (loss), before tax			(17,471)						8,081						(9,390)
Income tax expense (benefit) related to other comprehensive income (loss)			(3,083)						1,150						(1,933)
Other comprehensive income (loss)			(14,388)						6,931						(7,457)
Comprehensive income (loss)			(20,642)						8,169						(12,473)
Less: Comprehensive income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interests			(4,169)						1,927						(2,242)
Comprehensive income (loss) attributable to Athene Holding Ltd. shareholders			$	(16,473)					$	6,242					$	(10,231)

We made corresponding adjustments to the condensed consolidated statements of equity for the relevant periods to reflect the changes to net loss and comprehensive loss, as presented above.

The following represents the effects of LDTI adoption on the applicable financial statement lines of our condensed consolidated statements of cash flows:

			Three months ended March 31, 2022
(In millions)			Reported						Adoption						Adjusted
Net income (loss)			$	(2,366)					$	470					$	(1,896)
Adjustments to reconcile net income (loss) to net cash provided by operating activities:
Amortization of deferred acquisition costs, deferred sales inducements and value of business acquired			125						(27)						98
Net recognized (gains) losses on investments and derivatives			1,813						12						1,825
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Interest sensitive contract liabilities			(480)						(68)						(548)
Future policy benefits, market risk benefits and reinsurance recoverable			(266)						(510)						(776)
Other assets and liabilities			(734)						123						(611)
Net cash provided by operating activities			155						—						155
Net cash used in investing activities			(6,165)						—						(6,165)
Net cash provided by financing activities			5,463						—						5,463
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents			(4)						—						(4)
Net decrease in cash and cash equivalents			(551)						—						(551)
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of year1			10,429						—						10,429
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period1			$	9,878					$	—					$	9,878
1 Includes cash and cash equivalents, restricted cash and cash and cash equivalents of consolidated variable interest entities.

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ATHENE HOLDING LTD.

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

			Six months ended June 30, 2022
(In millions)			Reported						Adoption						Adjusted
Net income (loss)			$	(5,558)					$	868					$	(4,690)
Adjustments to reconcile net income (loss) to net cash provided by operating activities:
Amortization of deferred acquisition costs, deferred sales inducements and value of business acquired			250						(44)						206
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Interest sensitive contract liabilities			(1,604)						(120)						(1,724)
Future policy benefits, market risk benefits and reinsurance recoverable			3,933						(933)						3,000
Other assets and liabilities			(1,139)						229						(910)
Net cash provided by operating activities			4,726						—						4,726
Net cash used in investing activities			(11,719)						—						(11,719)
Net cash provided by financing activities			8,707						—						8,707
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents			(20)						—						(20)
Net increase in cash and cash equivalents			1,694						—						1,694
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of year1			10,429						—						10,429
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period1			$	12,123					$	—					$	12,123
1 Includes cash and cash equivalents, restricted cash and cash and cash equivalents of consolidated variable interest entities.

			Nine months ended September 30, 2022
(In millions)			Reported						Adoption						Adjusted
Net income (loss)			$	(6,935)					$	1,193					$	(5,742)
Adjustments to reconcile net income (loss) to net cash provided by operating activities:
Amortization of deferred acquisition costs, deferred sales inducements and value of business acquired			375						(57)						318
Net recognized (gains) losses on investments and derivatives			5,958						(1)						5,957
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Interest sensitive contract liabilities			(2,002)						(50)						(2,052)
Future policy benefits, market risk benefits and reinsurance recoverable			5,240						(1,403)						3,837
Other assets and liabilities			(1,586)						318						(1,268)
Net cash provided by operating activities			6,077						—						6,077
Net cash used in investing activities			(22,338)						—						(22,338)
Net cash provided by financing activities			17,115						—						17,115
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents			(18)						—						(18)
Net increase in cash and cash equivalents			836						—						836
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of year1			10,429						—						10,429
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period1			$	11,265					$	—					$	11,265
1 Includes cash and cash equivalents, restricted cash and cash and cash equivalents of consolidated variable interest entities.

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ATHENE HOLDING LTD.

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

			Year ended December 31, 2022
(In millions)			Reported						Adoption						Adjusted
Net income (loss)			$	(6,254)					$	1,238					$	(5,016)
Adjustments to reconcile net income (loss) to net cash provided by operating activities:
Amortization of deferred acquisition costs, deferred sales inducements and value of business acquired			509						(65)						444
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Interest sensitive contract liabilities			(1,269)						(68)						(1,337)
Future policy benefits, market risk benefits and reinsurance recoverable			5,339						(1,438)						3,901
Other assets and liabilities			(1,527)						333						(1,194)
Net cash provided by operating activities			6,258						—						6,258
Net cash used in investing activities			(34,375)						—						(34,375)
Net cash provided by financing activities			26,472						—						26,472
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents			(15)						—						(15)
Net decrease in cash and cash equivalents			(1,660)						—						(1,660)
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of year1			10,429						—						10,429
Cash and cash equivalents at end of year1			$	8,769					$	—					$	8,769
1 Includes cash and cash equivalents, restricted cash and cash and cash equivalents of consolidated variable interest entities.

3. Business Combination

On January 1, 2022, we completed our merger with Apollo and are a direct subsidiary of AGM. At the closing of the merger, each issued and outstanding AHL Class A common share (other than shares held by Apollo, the Apollo Operating Group (AOG) or the respective direct or indirect wholly owned subsidiaries of Athene or the AOG) was converted automatically into 1.149 shares of AGM common shares and any cash paid in lieu of fractional AGM common shares. In connection with the merger, AGM issued to AHL Class A common shareholders 158.2 million AGM common shares in exchange for 137.6 million AHL Class A common shares that were issued and outstanding as of the acquisition date, exclusive of the 54.6 million shares previously held by Apollo immediately before the acquisition date.

The consideration was calculated based on historical AGM’s December 31, 2021 closing share price multiplied by the AGM common shares issued in the share exchange, as well as the fair value of stock-based compensation awards replaced, fair value of warrants converted to AGM common shares and other equity consideration, and effective settlement of pre-existing relationships and other consideration.

The following represents the calculation of consideration:

(In millions, except exchange ratio and share price data)			Consideration
AHL common shares purchased			138
Exchange ratio			1.149
Shares of common stock issued in exchange			158
AGM Class A shares closing price			$	72.43
Total merger consideration at closing			$	11,455
Fair value of estimated RSUs, options and warrants assumed and other equity consideration			699
Effective settlement of pre-existing relationships			896
Total merger consideration			13,050
Fair value of AHL common shares previously held by Apollo and other adjustments			4,554
Total AHL equity value held by AGM			17,604
Fair value of preferred stock			2,666
Noncontrolling interest			2,276
Total AHL equity value			$	22,546

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ATHENE HOLDING LTD.

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

The following represents the calculation of goodwill and fair value amounts recognized:

(In millions)			Fair value and goodwill calculation
Merger consideration			$	13,050
Fair value of AHL common shares previously held by Apollo and other adjustments			4,554
Total AHL equity value held by AGM			17,604
Assets
Investments			$	176,015
Cash and cash equivalents			9,479
Restricted cash			796
Investment in related parties			33,863
Reinsurance recoverable			4,977
VOBA			3,372
Other assets			6,115
Assets of consolidated variable interest entities			3,635
Estimated fair value of total assets acquired by AGM			238,252
Liabilities
Interest sensitive contract liabilities			160,241
Future policy benefits			41,482
Market risk benefits			4,813
Debt			3,295
Payables for collateral on derivatives and securities to repurchase			7,044
Other liabilities			2,443
Liabilities of consolidated variable interest entities			461
Estimated fair value of total liabilities assumed by AGM			219,779
Identifiable net assets			18,473
Less: Fair value of preferred stock			2,666
Less: Fair value of noncontrolling interests			2,276
Estimated fair value of net assets acquired by AGM, excluding goodwill			13,531
Goodwill attributable to AHL			$	4,073

As part of pushdown accounting, we recorded the calculated goodwill based on the amount that our AHL equity value to be held by AGM exceeded the fair value of identifiable net assets less the amounts attributable to fair values of preferred stock and noncontrolling interests. Goodwill is primarily attributable to the scale, skill sets, operations, and synergies that can be achieved subsequent to the merger. The goodwill recorded is not expected to be deductible for tax purposes.

We also recorded VOBA and other identifiable intangible assets. Other identifiable intangible assets are included in other assets on the condensed consolidated balance sheets, as follows:

Distribution channels						These assets are valued using the excess earnings method, which derives value based on the present value of the cash flow attributable to the distribution channels, less returns for contributory assets. Amortization of these assets is on a straight-line basis.
Trade name						This represents the Athene trade name and was valued using the relief-from-royalty method considering publicly available third-party trade name royalty rates as well as expected premiums generated by the use of the trade name over its anticipated life. Amortization of this asset is on a straight-line basis.
Insurance licenses						Licenses are protected through registration and were valued using the market approach based on third-party market transactions from which the prices paid for state insurance licenses could be derived. These assets are not amortized.

The fair value and weighted average estimated useful life of identifiable intangible assets consists of the following:

			Fair value (in millions)						Weighted average useful life (in years)
VOBA			$	3,372					7
Distribution channels			1,870						18
Trade name			160						20
Insurance licenses			26						Indefinite
Total			$	5,428

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ATHENE HOLDING LTD.

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

4. Investments

AFS Securities—Our AFS investment portfolio includes bonds, collateralized loan obligations (CLO), asset-backed securities (ABS), commercial mortgage-backed securities (CMBS), residential mortgage-backed securities (RMBS) and redeemable preferred stock. Our AFS investment portfolio includes related party investments that are primarily comprised of investments over which Apollo can exercise significant influence. These investments are presented as investments in related parties on the condensed consolidated balance sheets, and are separately disclosed below.

The following table represents the amortized cost, allowance for credit losses, gross unrealized gains and losses and fair value of our AFS investments by asset type:

			March 31, 2023
(In millions)			Amortized Cost						Allowance for Credit Losses						Gross Unrealized Gains						Gross Unrealized Losses						Fair Value
AFS securities
US government and agencies			$	3,327					$	—					$	6					$	(630)					$	2,703
US state, municipal and political subdivisions			1,215						—						—						(249)						966
Foreign governments			1,205						(27)						5						(261)						922
Corporate			75,348						(79)						167						(12,295)						63,141
CLO			18,643						(4)						134						(1,207)						17,566
ABS			11,696						(31)						31						(823)						10,873
CMBS			4,717						(5)						2						(524)						4,190
RMBS			7,050						(356)						197						(539)						6,352
Total AFS securities			123,201						(502)						542						(16,528)						106,713
AFS securities – related parties
Corporate			1,180						—						1						(54)						1,127
CLO			3,736						(1)						14						(236)						3,513
ABS			7,480						—						12						(266)						7,226
Total AFS securities – related parties			12,396						(1)						27						(556)						11,866
Total AFS securities including related parties			$	135,597					$	(503)					$	569					$	(17,084)					$	118,579

			December 31, 2022
(In millions)			Amortized Cost						Allowance for Credit Losses						Gross Unrealized Gains						Gross Unrealized Losses						Fair Value
AFS securities
US government and agencies			$	3,333					$	—					$	—					$	(756)					$	2,577
US state, municipal and political subdivisions			1,218						—						—						(291)						927
Foreign governments			1,207						(27)						3						(276)						907
Corporate			74,644						(61)						92						(13,774)						60,901
CLO			17,722						(7)						115						(1,337)						16,493
ABS			11,447						(29)						15						(906)						10,527
CMBS			4,636						(5)						6						(479)						4,158
RMBS			6,775						(329)						64						(596)						5,914
Total AFS securities			120,982						(458)						295						(18,415)						102,404
AFS securities – related parties
Corporate			1,028						—						1						(47)						982
CLO			3,346						(1)						10						(276)						3,079
ABS			6,066						—						3						(309)						5,760
Total AFS securities – related parties			10,440						(1)						14						(632)						9,821
Total AFS securities including related parties			$	131,422					$	(459)					$	309					$	(19,047)					$	112,225

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ATHENE HOLDING LTD.

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

The amortized cost and fair value of AFS securities, including related parties, are shown by contractual maturity below:    

			March 31, 2023
(In millions)			Amortized Cost						Fair Value
AFS securities
Due in one year or less			$	1,410					$	1,377
Due after one year through five years			13,421						12,501
Due after five years through ten years			20,917						18,072
Due after ten years			45,347						35,782
CLO, ABS, CMBS and RMBS			42,106						38,981
Total AFS securities			123,201						106,713
AFS securities – related parties
Due after one year through five years			735						731
Due after five years through ten years			286						258
Due after ten years			159						138
CLO and ABS			11,216						10,739
Total AFS securities – related parties			12,396						11,866
Total AFS securities including related parties			$	135,597					$	118,579

Actual maturities can differ from contractual maturities as borrowers may have the right to call or prepay obligations with or without call or prepayment penalties.

Unrealized Losses on AFS Securities—The following summarizes the fair value and gross unrealized losses for AFS securities, including related parties, for which an allowance for credit losses has not been recorded, aggregated by asset type and length of time the fair value has remained below amortized cost:

			March 31, 2023
			Less than 12 months												12 months or more												Total
(In millions)			Fair Value						Gross Unrealized Losses						Fair Value						Gross Unrealized Losses						Fair Value						Gross Unrealized Losses
AFS securities
US government and agencies			$	68					$	(4)					$	2,431					$	(626)					$	2,499					$	(630)
US state, municipal and political subdivisions			22						(2)						936						(247)						958						(249)
Foreign governments			98						(8)						795						(252)						893						(260)
Corporate			10,062						(812)						47,858						(11,472)						57,920						(12,284)
CLO			3,038						(92)						11,579						(1,063)						14,617						(1,155)
ABS			3,623						(197)						3,938						(492)						7,561						(689)
CMBS			1,776						(35)						1,483						(354)						3,259						(389)
RMBS			739						(44)						1,846						(258)						2,585						(302)
Total AFS securities			19,426						(1,194)						70,866						(14,764)						90,292						(15,958)
AFS securities – related parties
Corporate			875						(24)						141						(30)						1,016						(54)
CLO			1,009						(35)						2,124						(200)						3,133						(235)
ABS			2,625						(82)						2,736						(184)						5,361						(266)
Total AFS securities – related parties			4,509						(141)						5,001						(414)						9,510						(555)
Total AFS securities including related parties			$	23,935					$	(1,335)					$	75,867					$	(15,178)					$	99,802					$	(16,513)

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ATHENE HOLDING LTD.

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

			December 31, 2022
			Less than 12 months												12 months or more												Total
(In millions)			Fair Value						Gross Unrealized Losses						Fair Value						Gross Unrealized Losses						Fair Value						Gross Unrealized Losses
AFS securities
US government and agencies			$	2,539					$	(756)					$	—					$	—					$	2,539					$	(756)
US state, municipal and political subdivisions			911						(291)						—						—						911						(291)
Foreign governments			891						(275)						—						—						891						(275)
Corporate			58,256						(13,773)						—						—						58,256						(13,773)
CLO			13,486						(1,277)						—						—						13,486						(1,277)
ABS			8,119						(801)						—						—						8,119						(801)
CMBS			2,650						(427)						—						—						2,650						(427)
RMBS			2,621						(365)						—						—						2,621						(365)
Total AFS securities			89,473						(17,965)						—						—						89,473						(17,965)
AFS securities – related parties
Corporate			619						(47)						—						—						619						(47)
CLO			2,752						(273)						—						—						2,752						(273)
ABS			5,487						(308)						—						—						5,487						(308)
Total AFS securities – related parties			8,858						(628)						—						—						8,858						(628)
Total AFS securities including related parties			$	98,331					$	(18,593)					$	—					$	—					$	98,331					$	(18,593)

The following summarizes the number of AFS securities that were in an unrealized loss position, including related parties, for which an allowance for credit losses has not been recorded:

			March 31, 2023
			Unrealized loss position						Unrealized loss position 12 months or more
AFS securities			8,873						7,387
AFS securities – related parties			194						103

The unrealized losses on AFS securities can primarily be attributed to changes in market interest rates since the application of pushdown accounting or acquisition. We did not recognize the unrealized losses in income, unless as required for hedge accounting, as we intend to hold these securities and it is not more likely than not we will be required to sell a security before the recovery of its amortized cost.

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ATHENE HOLDING LTD.

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

Allowance for Credit Losses—The following table summarizes the activity in the allowance for credit losses for AFS securities by asset type:

			Three months ended March 31, 2023
									Additions												Reductions
(In millions)			Beginning balance						Initial credit losses						Initial credit losses on PCD securities						Securities sold during the period																														Additions (reductions) to previously impaired securities						Ending Balance
AFS securities
Foreign governments			$	27					$	—					$	—					$	—																													$	—					$	27
Corporate			61						21						—						(6)																														3						79
CLO			7						1						—						—																														(4)						4
ABS			29						—						—						—																														2						31
CMBS			5						1						—						—																														(1)						5
RMBS			329						3						28						(4)																														—						356
Total AFS securities			458						26						28						(10)																														—						502
AFS securities – related parties, CLO			1						—						—						—																														—						1
Total AFS securities including related parties			$	459					$	26					$	28					$	(10)																													$	—					$	503

			Three months ended March 31, 2022
									Additions												Reductions
(In millions)			January 1, 2022						Initial credit losses						Initial credit losses on PCD securities						Securities sold during the period																														Additions (reductions) to previously impaired securities						Ending Balance
AFS securities
Foreign governments			$	—					$	66					$	—					$	—																													$	—					$	66
Corporate			—						55						—						—																														—						55
CLO			—						18						—						—																														—						18
ABS			5						5						—						—																														1						11
CMBS			—						6						—						—																														—						6
RMBS			306						9						—						(8)																														5						312
Total AFS securities			311						159						—						(8)																														6						468
AFS securities – related party
CLO			—						3						—						—																														—						3
ABS			—						17						—						—																														—						17
Total AFS securities – related party			—						20						—						—																														—						20
Total AFS securities including related parties			$	311					$	179					$	—					$	(8)																													$	6					$	488

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ATHENE HOLDING LTD.

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

Net Investment Income—Net investment income by asset class consists of the following:

			Three months ended March 31,
(In millions)			2023						2022
AFS securities			$	1,469					$	876
Trading securities			42						63
Equity securities			15						15
Mortgage loans			447						237
Investment funds			43						304
Funds withheld at interest			429						337
Other			190						42
Investment revenue			2,635						1,874
Investment expenses			(228)						(191)
Net investment income			$	2,407					$	1,683

Investment Related Gains (Losses)—Investment related gains (losses) by asset class consists of the following:

			Three months ended March 31,
(In millions)			2023						2022
AFS securities1
Gross realized gains on investment activity			$	183					$	103
Gross realized losses on investment activity			(104)						(410)
Net realized investment gains (losses) on AFS securities			79						(307)
Net recognized investment gains (losses) on trading securities			64						(207)
Net recognized investment gains (losses) on equity securities			(18)						23
Net recognized investment gains (losses) on mortgage loans			277						(796)
Derivative gains (losses)			993						(3,041)
Provision for credit losses			(66)						(192)
Other gains (losses)			(264)						308
Investment related gains (losses)			$	1,065					$	(4,212)
1 Includes the effects of recognized gains or losses on AFS securities associated with designated hedges.

Proceeds from sales of AFS securities were $1,140 million and $298 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively.

The following table summarizes the change in unrealized gains (losses) on trading and equity securities, including related parties, we held as of the respective period end:

			Three months ended March 31,
(In millions)			2023						2022
Trading securities			$	66					$	(189)
Trading securities – related parties			6						(4)
Equity securities			(23)						17
Equity securities – related parties			3						(5)

Repurchase Agreements—The following table summarizes the remaining contractual maturities of our repurchase agreements, which are included in payables for collateral on derivatives and securities to repurchase on the condensed consolidated balance sheets:

(In millions)			March 31, 2023						December 31, 2022
Less than 30 days			$	1,642					$	608
30-90 days			2,774						1,268
91 days to 1 year			500						—
Greater than 1 year			2,865						2,867
Payables for repurchase agreements			$	7,781					$	4,743

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ATHENE HOLDING LTD.

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

The following table summarizes the securities pledged as collateral for repurchase agreements:

			March 31, 2023												December 31, 2022
(In millions)			Amortized Cost						Fair Value						Amortized Cost						Fair Value
AFS securities
US government and agencies			$	2,825					$	2,261					$	2,559					$	1,941
Foreign governments			146						108						146						107
Corporate			5,324						4,425						1,940						1,605
CLO			275						265						273						261
ABS			1,218						1,093						1,243						1,082
Total securities pledged under repurchase agreements			$	9,788					$	8,152					$	6,161					$	4,996

Reverse Repurchase Agreements—As of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, amounts loaned under reverse repurchase agreements were $1,088 million and $1,640 million, respectively, and the fair value of the collateral, comprised primarily of commercial and residential mortgage loans, was $1,475 million and $1,753 million, respectively.

Mortgage Loans, including related parties and consolidated VIEs—Mortgage loans includes both commercial and residential loans. In connection with the merger, we elected the fair value option on our mortgage loan portfolio. See Note 7 – Fair Value for further fair value option information. The following represents the mortgage loan portfolio, with fair value option loans presented at unpaid principal balance:

(In millions)			March 31, 2023						December 31, 2022
Commercial mortgage loans			$	21,743					$	21,061
Commercial mortgage loans under development			1,020						790
Total commercial mortgage loans			22,763						21,851
Mark to fair value			(1,740)						(1,743)
Commercial mortgage loans			21,023						20,108
Residential mortgage loans			13,211						11,802
Mark to fair value			(842)						(1,099)
Residential mortgage loans			12,369						10,703
Mortgage loans			$	33,392					$	30,811

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ATHENE HOLDING LTD.

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

We primarily invest in commercial mortgage loans on income producing properties including office and retail buildings, apartments, hotels and industrial properties. We diversify the commercial mortgage loan portfolio by geographic region and property type to reduce concentration risk. We evaluate mortgage loans based on relevant current information to confirm if properties are performing at a consistent and acceptable level to secure the related debt.

The distribution of commercial mortgage loans, including those under development, by property type and geographic region, is as follows:

			March 31, 2023												December 31, 2022
(In millions, except for percentages)			Net Carrying Value						Percentage of Total						Net Carrying Value						Percentage of Total
Property type
Office building			$	4,535					21.6		%				$	4,651					23.1		%
Retail			1,450						6.9		%				1,454						7.2		%
Apartment			7,506						35.7		%				6,692						33.3		%
Hotels			1,873						8.9		%				1,855						9.2		%
Industrial			2,242						10.7		%				2,047						10.2		%
Other commercial			3,417						16.2		%				3,409						17.0		%
Total commercial mortgage loans			$	21,023					100.0		%				$	20,108					100.0		%
US region
East North Central			$	1,438					6.8		%				$	1,437					7.1		%
East South Central			422						2.0		%				413						2.1		%
Middle Atlantic			5,561						26.5		%				5,183						25.8		%
Mountain			923						4.4		%				898						4.5		%
New England			1,071						5.1		%				1,076						5.4		%
Pacific			4,033						19.2		%				3,781						18.8		%
South Atlantic			2,876						13.6		%				2,756						13.7		%
West North Central			225						1.1		%				231						1.1		%
West South Central			1,066						5.1		%				1,085						5.4		%
Total US region			17,615						83.8		%				16,860						83.9		%
International region
United Kingdom			1,970						9.4		%				1,898						9.4		%
Other international1			1,438						6.8		%				1,350						6.7		%
Total international region			3,408						16.2		%				3,248						16.1		%
Total commercial mortgage loans			$	21,023					100.0		%				$	20,108					100.0		%
1 Represents all other countries, with each individual country comprising less than 5% of the portfolio.

Our residential mortgage loan portfolio includes first lien residential mortgage loans collateralized by properties in various geographic locations and is summarized by proportion of the portfolio in the following table:

			March 31, 2023						December 31, 2022
US States
California			28.5		%				28.9		%
Florida			10.1		%				9.7		%
New York			5.8		%				5.6		%
New Jersey			5.4		%				5.3		%
Arizona			5.0		%				5.1		%
Other1			32.8		%				31.7		%
Total US residential mortgage loan percentage			87.6		%				86.3		%
International
United Kingdom			5.0		%				5.4		%
Other2			7.4		%				8.3		%
Total international residential mortgage loan percentage			12.4		%				13.7		%
Total residential mortgage loan percentage			100.0		%				100.0		%
1 Represents all other states, with each individual state comprising less than 5% of the portfolio.
2 Represents all other countries, with each individual country comprising less than 5% of the portfolio.

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ATHENE HOLDING LTD.

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

Investment Funds—Our investment fund portfolio consists of funds that employ various strategies and include investments in origination platforms, insurance platforms, and equity, hybrid, yield and other funds. Investment funds can meet the definition of VIEs, which are discussed further in Note 6 – Variable Interest Entities. Our investment funds do not specify timing of distributions on the funds’ underlying assets.

The following summarizes our investment funds, including related parties and consolidated VIEs:

			March 31, 2023												December 31, 2022
(In millions, except for percentages)			Carrying value						Percent of total						Carrying value						Percent of total
Investment funds
Equity			$	43					55.8		%				$	46					58.2		%
Hybrid			28						36.4		%				32						40.5		%
Other			6						7.8		%				1						1.3		%
Total investment funds			77						100.0		%				79						100.0		%
Investment funds – related parties
Strategic origination platforms			35						2.2		%				34						2.2		%
Strategic insurance platforms			1,305						81.8		%				1,259						80.2		%
Apollo and other fund investments
Equity			228						14.3		%				246						15.7		%
Yield			5						0.3		%				5						0.3		%
Other			22						1.4		%				25						1.6		%
Total investment funds – related parties			1,595						100.0		%				1,569						100.0		%
Investment funds consolidated VIEs
Strategic origination platforms			4,991						38.8		%				4,829						38.7		%
Strategic insurance platforms			515						4.0		%				529						4.2		%
Apollo and other fund investments
Equity			2,815						21.9		%				2,640						21.2		%
Hybrid			3,180						24.6		%				3,112						24.9		%
Yield			1,091						8.5		%				1,044						8.4		%
Other			288						2.2		%				326						2.6		%
Total investment funds consolidated VIEs			12,880						100.0		%				12,480						100.0		%
Total investment funds including related parties and funds owned by consolidated VIEs			$	14,552											$	14,128

Non-Consolidated Securities and Investment Funds

Fixed maturity securities – We invest in securitization entities as a debt holder or an investor in the residual interest of the securitization vehicle. These entities are deemed VIEs due to insufficient equity within the structure and lack of control by the equity investors over the activities that significantly impact the economics of the entity. In general, we are a debt investor within these entities and, as such, hold a variable interest; however, due to the debt holders’ lack of ability to control the decisions within the trust that significantly impact the entity, and the fact the debt holders are protected from losses due to the subordination of the equity tranche, the debt holders are not deemed the primary beneficiary. Securitization vehicles in which we hold the residual tranche are not consolidated because we do not unilaterally have substantive rights to remove the general partner, or when assessing related party interests, we are not under common control, as defined by US GAAP, with the related parties, nor are substantially all of the activities conducted on our behalf; therefore, we are not deemed the primary beneficiary. Debt investments and investments in the residual tranche of securitization entities are considered debt instruments and are held at fair value on the balance sheet and classified as AFS or trading.

Investment funds – Investment funds include non-fixed income, alternative investments in the form of limited partnerships or similar legal structures.

Equity securities – We invest in preferred equity securities issued by entities deemed to be VIEs due to insufficient equity within the structure.

Our risk of loss associated with our non-consolidated investments depends on the investment. Investment funds, equity securities and trading securities are limited to the carrying value plus unfunded commitments. AFS securities are limited to amortized cost plus unfunded commitments.

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ATHENE HOLDING LTD.

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

The following summarizes the carrying value and maximum loss exposure of these non-consolidated investments:

			March 31, 2023												December 31, 2022
(In millions)			Carrying Value						Maximum Loss Exposure						Carrying Value						Maximum Loss Exposure
Investment funds			$	77					$	518					$	79					$	340
Investment in related parties – investment funds			1,595						2,251						1,569						2,253
Assets of consolidated VIEs – investment funds			12,880						20,372						12,480						20,278
Investment in fixed maturity securities			39,373						42,555						37,454						40,992
Investment in related parties – fixed maturity securities			11,624						12,101						9,717						10,290
Investment in related parties – equity securities			251						251						279						279
Total non-consolidated investments			$	65,800					$	78,048					$	61,578					$	74,432

Concentrations—The following table represents our investment concentrations in excess of 10% of shareholders’ equity:

(In millions)			March 31, 2023
Wheels Donlen1			$	1,419
PK AirFinance1			1,334
Athora1			1,279
Atlas1			995
AP Tundra			873
MFI Investments			869
(In millions)			December 31, 2022
Wheels Donlen1			$	1,288
Athora1			1,232
PK AirFinance1			999
AP Tundra			896
MFI Investments			878
SoftBank Vision Fund II			789
MidCap1			788
Cayman Universe			756
1 Related party amounts are representative of single issuer risk and may only include a portion of the total investments associated with a related party. See further discussion of these related parties in Note 13 – Related Parties.

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ATHENE HOLDING LTD.

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

5. Derivative Instruments

We use a variety of derivative instruments to manage risks, primarily equity, interest rate, credit, foreign currency and market volatility. See Note 7 – Fair Value for information about the fair value hierarchy for derivatives.

The following table presents the notional amount and fair value of derivative instruments:

			March 31, 2023																		December 31, 2022
			Notional Amount						Fair Value												Notional Amount						Fair Value
(In millions)									Assets						Liabilities												Assets						Liabilities
Derivatives designated as hedges
Foreign currency hedges
Swaps			6,678						$	713					$	149					6,677						$	747					$	154
Forwards			6,380						392						57						6,283						406						52
Interest rate swaps			4,468						—						725						4,468						—						803
Forwards on net investments			217						—						2						216						2						—
Interest rate swaps			10,082						10						83						9,332						9						150
Total derivatives designated as hedges									1,115						1,016												1,164						1,159
Derivatives not designated as hedges
Equity options			67,730						2,085						106						65,089						1,374						114
Futures			21						56						4						18						33						—
Foreign currency swaps			3,863						266						118						3,563						251						112
Interest rate swaps			523						89						1						488						74						—
Other swaps			137						4						1						89						—						4
Foreign currency forwards			18,250						341						272						16,376						413						257
Embedded derivatives
Funds withheld including related parties									(5,557)						(67)												(6,272)						(77)
Interest sensitive contract liabilities									—						6,747												—						5,841
Total derivatives not designated as hedges									(2,716)						7,182												(4,127)						6,251
Total derivatives									$	(1,601)					$	8,198											$	(2,963)					$	7,410

Derivatives Designated as Hedges

Cash Flow Hedges – We use interest rate swaps to convert floating-rate interest payments to fixed-rate interest payments to reduce exposure to interest rate changes. The interest rate swaps will expire by July 2027. During the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, interest rate swaps recognized in OCI had losses of $73 million and $0 million, respectively. There were no amounts deemed ineffective during the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022. As of March 31, 2023, no amounts are expected to be reclassified to income within the next 12 months.

Fair Value Hedges – We use foreign currency forward contracts, foreign currency swaps, foreign currency interest rate swaps and interest rate swaps that are designated and accounted for as fair value hedges to hedge certain exposures to foreign currency risk and interest rate risk. The foreign currency forward price is agreed upon at the time of the contract and payment is made at a specified future date.

The following represents the carrying amount and the cumulative fair value hedging adjustments included in the hedged assets or liabilities:

			March 31, 2023												December 31, 2022
(In millions)			Carrying amount of the hedged assets or liabilities1						Cumulative amount of fair value hedging gains (losses)						Carrying amount of the hedged assets or liabilities1						Cumulative amount of fair value hedging gains (losses)
AFS securities
Foreign currency forwards			$	5,480					$	(431)					$	5,259					$	(217)
Foreign currency swaps			4,962						(304)						4,797						(398)
Interest sensitive contract liabilities
Foreign currency swaps			1,081						(9)						1,081						88
Foreign currency interest rate swaps			4,348						315						4,348						632
Interest rate swaps			7,087						203						6,577						323
1 The carrying amount disclosed for AFS securities is amortized cost.

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ATHENE HOLDING LTD.

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

The following is a summary of the gains (losses) related to the derivatives and related hedged items in fair value hedge relationships:

																					Amount Excluded
(In millions)			Derivatives						Hedged Items						Net						Recognized in income through amortization approach						Recognized in income through changes in fair value
Three months ended March 31, 2023
Investment related gains (losses)
Foreign currency forwards			$	(70)					$	73					$	3					$	87					$	4
Foreign currency swaps			(59)						64						5						—						—
Foreign currency interest rate swaps			78						(70)						8						—						—
Interest rate swaps			102						(104)						(2)						—						—
Interest sensitive contract benefits
Foreign currency interest rate swaps			15						(15)						—						—						—
Three months ended March 31, 2022
Investment related gains (losses)
Foreign currency forwards			$	127					$	(126)					$	1					$	14					$	1
Foreign currency swaps			91						(95)						(4)						—						—
Foreign currency interest rate swaps			(159)						197						38						—						—
Interest rate swaps			(72)						75						3						—						—
Interest sensitive contract benefits
Foreign currency interest rate swaps			10						(9)						1						—						—

The following is a summary of the gains (losses) excluded from the assessment of hedge effectiveness that were recognized in OCI:

			Three months ended March 31,
(In millions)			2023						2022
Foreign currency forwards			$	63					$	(73)
Foreign currency swaps			114						(56)

Net Investment Hedges – We use foreign currency forwards to hedge the foreign currency exchange rate risk of our investments in subsidiaries that have a reporting currency other than the US dollar. We assess hedge effectiveness based on the changes in forward rates. During the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, these derivatives had losses of $4 million and gains of $2 million, respectively. These derivatives are included in foreign currency translation and other adjustments on the condensed consolidated statements of comprehensive income (loss). As of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the cumulative foreign currency translations recorded in AOCI related to these net investment hedges were gains of $26 million and $30 million, respectively. During the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, there were no amounts deemed ineffective.

Derivatives Not Designated as Hedges

Equity options – We use equity indexed options to economically hedge fixed indexed annuity products that guarantee the return of principal to the policyholder and credit interest based on a percentage of the gain in a specified market index, primarily the S&P 500. To hedge against adverse changes in equity indices, we enter into contracts to buy equity indexed options. The contracts are net settled in cash based on differentials in the indices at the time of exercise and the strike price.

Futures – Futures contracts are purchased to hedge the growth in interest credited to the customer as a direct result of increases in the related indices. We enter into exchange-traded futures with regulated futures commission clearing brokers who are members of a trading exchange. Under exchange-traded futures contracts, we agree to purchase a specified number of contracts with other parties and to post variation margin on a daily basis in an amount equal to the difference in the daily fair values of those contracts.

Interest rate swaps – We use interest rate swaps to reduce market risks from interest rate changes and to alter interest rate exposure arising from duration mismatches between assets and liabilities. With an interest rate swap, we agree with another party to exchange the difference between fixed-rate and floating-rate interest amounts tied to an agreed-upon notional principal amount at specified intervals.

Other swaps – Other swaps include total return swaps and credit default swaps. We purchase total rate of return swaps to gain exposure and benefit from a reference asset or index without ownership. Credit default swaps provide a measure of protection against the default of an issuer or allow us to gain credit exposure to an issuer or traded index. We use credit default swaps coupled with a bond to synthetically create the characteristics of a reference bond.

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ATHENE HOLDING LTD.

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

Embedded derivatives – We have embedded derivatives which are required to be separated from their host contracts and reported as derivatives. Host contracts include reinsurance agreements structured on a modco or funds withheld basis and indexed annuity products.

The following is a summary of the gains (losses) related to derivatives not designated as hedges:

			Three months ended March 31,
(In millions)			2023						2022
Equity options			$	350					$	(708)
Futures			34						(33)
Swaps			33						63
Foreign currency forwards			(169)						155
Embedded derivatives on funds withheld			603						(2,520)
Amounts recognized in investment related gains (losses)			851						(3,043)
Embedded derivatives in indexed annuity products1			(473)						1,034
Total gains (losses) on derivatives not designated as hedges			$	378					$	(2,009)
1 Included in interest sensitive contract benefits on the condensed consolidated statements of income (loss).

Credit Risk—We may be exposed to credit-related losses in the event of counterparty nonperformance on derivative financial instruments. Generally, the current credit exposure of our derivative contracts is the fair value at the reporting date less any collateral received from the counterparty.

We manage credit risk related to over-the-counter derivatives by entering into transactions with creditworthy counterparties. Where possible, we maintain collateral arrangements and use master netting agreements that provide for a single net payment from one counterparty to another at each due date and upon termination. We have also established counterparty exposure limits, where possible, in order to evaluate if there is sufficient collateral to support the net exposure.

Collateral arrangements typically require the posting of collateral in connection with its derivative instruments. Collateral agreements often contain posting thresholds, some of which may vary depending on the posting party’s financial strength ratings. Additionally, a decrease in our financial strength rating to a specified level can result in settlement of the derivative position.

The estimated fair value of our net derivative and other financial assets and liabilities after the application of master netting agreements and collateral were as follows:

									Gross amounts not offset on the condensed consolidated balance sheets
(In millions)			Gross amount recognized1						Financial instruments2						Collateral (received)/pledged						Net amount						Off-balance sheet securities collateral3						Net amount after securities collateral
March 31, 2023
Derivative assets			$	3,956					$	(1,456)					$	(2,411)					$	89					$	—					$	89
Derivative liabilities			(1,518)						1,456						506						444						—						444
December 31, 2022
Derivative assets			$	3,309					$	(1,477)					$	(1,952)					$	(120)					$	—					$	(120)
Derivative liabilities			(1,646)						1,477						478						309						—						309
1 The gross amounts of recognized derivative assets and derivative liabilities are reported on the condensed consolidated balance sheets. As of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, amounts not subject to master netting or similar agreements were immaterial.
2 Represents amounts offsetting derivative assets and derivative liabilities that are subject to an enforceable master netting agreement or similar agreement that are not netted against the gross derivative assets or gross derivative liabilities for presentation on the condensed consolidated balance sheets.
3 For non-cash collateral received, we do not recognize the collateral on our balance sheet unless the obligor (transferor) has defaulted under the terms of the secured contract and is no longer entitled to redeem the pledged asset. Amounts do not include any excess of collateral pledged or received.

6. Variable Interest Entities

We determined that we are required to consolidate certain Apollo-managed investment funds and other Apollo-managed structures. Since the criteria for the primary beneficiary are satisfied by our related party group, we are deemed the primary beneficiary. In addition, we consolidate certain securitization entities where we are deemed the primary beneficiary. No arrangement exists requiring us to provide additional funding in excess of our committed capital investment, liquidity, or the funding of losses or an increase to our loss exposure in excess of our investment in any of the consolidated VIEs.

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ATHENE HOLDING LTD.

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

The following summarizes the income statement activity of the consolidated VIEs:

			Three months ended March 31,
(In millions)			2023						2022
Trading securities			$	23					$	—
Mortgage loans			24						20
Investment funds			35						(3)
Other investments			(2)						—
Net investment income			$	80					$	17
Net recognized investment gains (losses) on trading securities			$	6					$	—
Net recognized investment gains (losses) on mortgage loans			9						(112)
Net recognized investment gains (losses) on investment funds			226						70
Other gains (losses)			(40)						—
Investment related gains (losses)			$	201					$	(42)

7. Fair Value

Fair value is the price we would receive to sell an asset or pay to transfer a liability (exit price) in an orderly transaction between market participants. We determine fair value based on the following fair value hierarchy:

Level 1 – Unadjusted quoted prices for identical assets or liabilities in an active market.

Level 2 – Quoted prices for inactive markets or valuation techniques that require observable direct or indirect inputs for substantially the full term of the asset or liability. Level 2 inputs include the following:

•Quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in active markets,

•Observable inputs other than quoted market prices, and

•Observable inputs derived principally from market data through correlation or other means.

Level 3 – Prices or valuation techniques with unobservable inputs significant to the overall fair value estimate. These valuations use critical assumptions not readily available to market participants. Level 3 valuations are based on market standard valuation methodologies, including discounted cash flows, matrix pricing or other similar techniques.

Net Asset Value (NAV) – Investment funds are typically measured using NAV as a practical expedient in determining fair value and are not classified in the fair value hierarchy. Our carrying value reflects our pro rata ownership percentage as indicated by NAV in the investment fund financial statements, which we may adjust if we determine NAV is not calculated consistent with investment company fair value principles. The underlying investments of the investment funds may have significant unobservable inputs, which may include but are not limited to, comparable multiples and weighted average cost of capital rates applied in valuation models or a discounted cash flow model.

The fair value hierarchy gives the highest priority to quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities (Level 1) and the lowest priority to unobservable inputs (Level 3). If the inputs used to measure fair value fall within different levels of the hierarchy, the category level is based on the lowest priority level input that is significant to the instrument’s fair value measurement.

We use a number of valuation sources to determine fair values. Valuation sources can include quoted market prices; third-party commercial pricing services; third-party brokers; industry-standard, vendor modeling software that uses market observable inputs; and other internal modeling techniques based on projected cash flows. We periodically review the assumptions and inputs of third-party commercial pricing services through internal valuation price variance reviews, comparisons to internal pricing models, back testing to recent trades, or monitoring trading volumes.

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ATHENE HOLDING LTD.

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

The following represents the hierarchy for our assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis:

			March 31, 2023
(In millions)			Total						NAV						Level 1						Level 2						Level 3
Assets
AFS securities
US government and agencies			$	2,703					$	—					$	2,697					$	6					$	—
US state, municipal and political subdivisions			966						—						—						966						—
Foreign governments			922						—						—						921						1
Corporate			63,141						—						9						61,510						1,622
CLO			17,566						—						—						17,566						—
ABS			10,873						—						—						5,931						4,942
CMBS			4,190						—						—						4,190						—
RMBS			6,352						—						—						6,114						238
Total AFS securities			106,713						—						2,706						97,204						6,803
Trading securities			1,652						—						24						1,586						42
Equity securities			968						—						273						624						71
Mortgage loans			29,949						—						—						—						29,949
Funds withheld at interest – embedded derivative			(4,291)						—						—						—						(4,291)
Derivative assets			3,956						—						66						3,890						—
Short-term investments			582						—						1						551						30
Other investments			501						—						—						215						286
Cash and cash equivalents			13,844						—						13,844						—						—
Restricted cash			1,148						—						1,148						—						—
Investments in related parties
AFS securities
Corporate			1,127						—						—						168						959
CLO			3,513						—						—						3,015						498
ABS			7,226						—						—						221						7,005
Total AFS securities – related parties			11,866						—						—						3,404						8,462
Trading securities			885						—						—						—						885
Equity securities			251						—						—						—						251
Mortgage loans			1,324						—						—						—						1,324
Investment funds			1,034						—						—						—						1,034
Funds withheld at interest – embedded derivative			(1,266)						—						—						—						(1,266)
Other investments			338						—						—						—						338
Reinsurance recoverable			1,470						—						—						—						1,470
Other assets			440						—						—						—						440
Assets of consolidated VIEs
Trading securities			1,069						—						—						421						648
Mortgage loans			2,119						—						—						—						2,119
Investment funds			12,880						10,299						—						—						2,581
Other investments			99						—						—						2						97
Cash and cash equivalents			654						—						654						—						—
Total assets measured at fair value			$	188,185					$	10,299					$	18,716					$	107,897					$	51,273
Liabilities
Interest sensitive contract liabilities
Embedded derivative			$	6,747					$	—					$	—					$	—					$	6,747
Universal life benefits			879						—						—						—						879
Future policy benefits
AmerUs Life Insurance Company (AmerUs) Closed Block			1,190						—						—						—						1,190
Indianapolis Life Insurance Company (ILICO) Closed Block and life benefits			579						—						—						—						579
Market risk benefits			3,203						—						—						—						3,203
Derivative liabilities			1,518						—						24						1,493						1
Other liabilities			122						—						—						(67)						189
Total liabilities measured at fair value			$	14,238					$	—					$	24					$	1,426					$	12,788

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ATHENE HOLDING LTD.

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

			December 31, 2022
(In millions)			Total						NAV						Level 1						Level 2						Level 3
Assets
AFS securities
US government and agencies			$	2,577					$	—					$	2,570					$	7					$	—
US state, municipal and political subdivisions			927						—						—						927						—
Foreign governments			907						—						—						906						1
Corporate			60,901						—						—						59,236						1,665
CLO			16,493						—						—						16,493						—
ABS			10,527						—						—						5,660						4,867
CMBS			4,158						—						—						4,158						—
RMBS			5,914						—						—						5,682						232
Total AFS securities			102,404						—						2,570						93,069						6,765
Trading securities			1,595						—						23						1,519						53
Equity securities			1,087						—						150						845						92
Mortgage loans			27,454						—						—						—						27,454
Funds withheld at interest – embedded derivative			(4,847)						—						—						—						(4,847)
Derivative assets			3,309						—						42						3,267						—
Short-term investments			520						—						29						455						36
Other investments			611						—						—						170						441
Cash and cash equivalents			7,779						—						7,779						—						—
Restricted cash			628						—						628						—						—
Investments in related parties
AFS securities
Corporate			982						—						—						170						812
CLO			3,079						—						—						2,776						303
ABS			5,760						—						—						218						5,542
Total AFS securities – related parties			9,821						—						—						3,164						6,657
Trading securities			878						—						—						—						878
Equity securities			279						—						—						—						279
Mortgage loans			1,302						—						—						—						1,302
Investment funds			959						—						—						—						959
Funds withheld at interest – embedded derivative			(1,425)						—						—						—						(1,425)
Other investments			303						—						—						—						303
Reinsurance recoverable			1,388						—						—						—						1,388
Other assets			481						—						—						—						481
Assets of consolidated VIEs
Trading securities			1,063						—						5						436						622
Mortgage loans			2,055						—						—						—						2,055
Investment funds			12,480						10,009						—						—						2,471
Other investments			101						—						—						2						99
Cash and cash equivalents			362						—						362						—						—
Total assets measured at fair value			$	170,587					$	10,009					$	11,588					$	102,927					$	46,063
Liabilities
Interest sensitive contract liabilities
Embedded derivative			$	5,841					$	—					$	—					$	—					$	5,841
Universal life benefits			829						—						—						—						829
Future policy benefits
AmerUs Closed Block			1,164						—						—						—						1,164
ILICO Closed Block and life benefits			548						—						—						—						548
Market risk benefits			2,970						—						—						—						2,970
Derivative liabilities			1,646						—						38						1,607						1
Other liabilities			65						—						—						(77)						142
Total liabilities measured at fair value			$	13,063					$	—					$	38					$	1,530					$	11,495

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ATHENE HOLDING LTD.

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

Fair Value Valuation Methods—We used the following valuation methods and assumptions to estimate fair value:

AFS and trading securities – We obtain the fair value for most marketable securities without an active market from several commercial pricing services. These are classified as Level 2 assets. The pricing services incorporate a variety of market observable information in their valuation techniques, including benchmark yields, trading activity, credit quality, issuer spreads, bids, offers and other reference data. This category typically includes US and non-US corporate bonds, US agency and government guaranteed securities, CLO, ABS, CMBS and RMBS.

We also have fixed maturity securities priced based on indicative broker quotes or by employing market accepted valuation models. For certain fixed maturity securities, the valuation model uses significant unobservable inputs and are included in Level 3 in our fair value hierarchy. Significant unobservable inputs used include: discount rates, issue-specific credit adjustments, material non-public financial information, estimation of future earnings and cash flows, default rate assumptions, liquidity assumptions and indicative quotes from market makers. These inputs are usually considered unobservable, as not all market participants have access to this data.

We value privately placed fixed maturity securities based on the credit quality and duration of comparable marketable securities, which may be securities of another issuer with similar characteristics. In some instances, we use a matrix-based pricing model. These models consider the current level of risk-free interest rates, corporate spreads, credit quality of the issuer and cash flow characteristics of the security. We also consider additional factors such as net worth of the borrower, value of collateral, capital structure of the borrower, presence of guarantees and our evaluation of the borrower’s ability to compete in its relevant market. Privately placed fixed maturity securities are classified as Level 2 or 3.

Equity securities – Fair values of publicly traded equity securities are based on quoted market prices and classified as Level 1. Other equity securities, typically private equities or equity securities not traded on an exchange, we value based on other sources, such as commercial pricing services or brokers, and are classified as Level 2 or 3.

Mortgage loans – We estimate fair value on a monthly basis using discounted cash flow analysis and rates being offered for similar loans to borrowers with similar credit ratings. Loans with similar characteristics are aggregated for purposes of the calculations. The discounted cash flow model uses unobservable inputs, including estimates of discount rates and loan prepayments. Mortgage loans are classified as Level 3.

Investment funds – Certain investment funds for which we elected the fair value option are included in Level 3 and are priced based on market accepted valuation models. The valuation models use significant unobservable inputs, which include material non-public financial information, estimation of future distributable earnings and demographic assumptions. These inputs are usually considered unobservable, as not all market participants have access to this data.

Other investments – The fair value of other investments are determined using a discounted cash flow model using discount rates for similar investments.

Funds withheld at interest embedded derivative – We estimate the fair value of the embedded derivative based on the change in the fair value of the assets supporting the funds withheld payable under modco and funds withheld reinsurance agreements. As a result, the fair value of the embedded derivative is classified as Level 2 or 3 based on the valuation methods used for the assets held supporting the reinsurance agreements.

Derivatives – Derivative contracts can be exchange traded or over-the-counter. Exchange-traded derivatives typically fall within Level 1 of the fair value hierarchy depending on trading activity. Over-the-counter derivatives are valued using valuation models or an income approach using third-party broker valuations. Valuation models require a variety of inputs, including contractual terms, market prices, yield curves, credit curves, measures of volatility, prepayment rates and correlation of the inputs. We consider and incorporate counterparty credit risk in the valuation process through counterparty credit rating requirements and monitoring of overall exposure. We also evaluate and include our own nonperformance risk in valuing derivatives. The majority of our derivatives trade in liquid markets; therefore, we can verify model inputs and model selection does not involve significant management judgment. These are typically classified within Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy.

Cash and cash equivalents, including restricted cash – The carrying amount for cash equals fair value. We estimate the fair value for cash equivalents based on quoted market prices. These assets are classified as Level 1.

Other assets and market risk benefits – Other assets at fair value consists of market risk benefit assets. See Note 9 – Long-duration Contracts for additional information on market risk benefits valuation methodology and additional fair value disclosures. The estimates are classified as Level 3.

Interest sensitive contract liabilities embedded derivative – Embedded derivatives related to interest sensitive contract liabilities with fixed indexed annuity products are classified as Level 3. The valuations include significant unobservable inputs associated with economic assumptions and actuarial assumptions for policyholder behavior.

AmerUs Closed Block – We elected the fair value option for the future policy benefits liability in the AmerUs Closed Block. Our valuation technique is to set the fair value of policyholder liabilities equal to the fair value of assets. There is an additional component which captures the fair value of the open block’s obligations to the closed block business. This component is the present value of the projected release of required capital and future earnings before income taxes on required capital supporting the AmerUs Closed Block, discounted at a rate which represents a market participant’s required rate of return, less the initial required capital. Unobservable inputs include estimates for these items. The AmerUs Closed Block policyholder liabilities and any corresponding reinsurance recoverable are classified as Level 3.

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ATHENE HOLDING LTD.

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

ILICO Closed Block – We elected the fair value option for the ILICO Closed Block. Our valuation technique is to set the fair value of policyholder liabilities equal to the fair value of assets. There is an additional component which captures the fair value of the open block’s obligations to the closed block business. This component uses the present value of future cash flows which include commissions, administrative expenses, reinsurance premiums and benefits, and an explicit cost of capital. The discount rate includes a margin to reflect the business and nonperformance risk. Unobservable inputs include estimates for these items. The ILICO Closed Block policyholder liabilities and corresponding reinsurance recoverable are classified as Level 3.

Universal life liabilities and other life benefits – We elected the fair value option for certain blocks of universal and other life business ceded to Global Atlantic. We use a present value of liability cash flows. Unobservable inputs include estimates of mortality, persistency, expenses, premium payments and a risk margin used in the discount rates that reflects the riskiness of the business. These universal life policyholder liabilities and corresponding reinsurance recoverable are classified as Level 3.

Other liabilities – Other liabilities includes funds withheld liability, as described above in funds withheld at interest embedded derivative, and a ceded modco agreement of certain inforce funding agreement contracts for which we elected the fair value option. We estimate the fair value of the ceded modco agreement by discounting projected cash flows for net settlements and certain periodic and non-periodic payments. Unobservable inputs include estimates for asset portfolio returns and economic inputs used in the discount rate, including risk margin. Depending on the projected cash flows and other assumptions, the contract may be recorded as an asset or liability. The estimate is classified as Level 3.

Fair Value Option—The following represents the gains (losses) recorded for instruments for which we have elected the fair value option, including related parties and consolidated VIEs:

			Three months ended March 31,
(In millions)			2023						2022
Trading securities			$	64					$	(207)
Mortgage loans			296						(916)
Investment funds			64						20
Future policy benefits			(26)						142
Other liabilities			(47)						—
Total gains (losses)			$	351					$	(961)

Gains and losses on trading securities and other liabilities are recorded in investment related gains (losses) on the condensed consolidated statements of income (loss). For fair value option mortgage loans, we record interest income in net investment income and subsequent changes in fair value in investment related gains (losses) on the condensed consolidated statements of income (loss). Gains and losses related to investment funds, including related party investment funds, are recorded in net investment income on the condensed consolidated statements of income (loss). We record the change in fair value of future policy benefits to future policy and other policy benefits on the condensed consolidated statements of income (loss).

The following summarizes information for fair value option mortgage loans, including related parties and consolidated VIEs:

(In millions)			March 31, 2023						December 31, 2022
Unpaid principal balance			$	35,974					$	33,653
Mark to fair value			(2,582)						(2,842)
Fair value			$	33,392					$	30,811

The following represents our commercial mortgage loan portfolio 90 days or more past due and/or in non-accrual status:

(In millions)			March 31, 2023						December 31, 2022
Unpaid principal balance of commercial mortgage loans 90 days or more past due and/or in non-accrual status			$	198					$	74
Mark to fair value of commercial mortgage loans 90 days or more past due and/or in non-accrual status			(56)						(55)
Fair value of commercial mortgage loans 90 days or more past due and/or in non-accrual status			$	142					$	19
Fair value of commercial mortgage loans 90 days or more past due			$	11					$	2
Fair value of commercial mortgage loans in non-accrual status			131						19

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ATHENE HOLDING LTD.

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

The following represents our residential loan portfolio 90 days or more past due and/or in non-accrual status:

(In millions)			March 31, 2023						December 31, 2022
Unpaid principal balance of residential mortgage loans 90 days or more past due and/or in non-accrual status			$	483					$	522
Mark to fair value of residential mortgage loans 90 days or more past due and/or in non-accrual status			(50)						(50)
Fair value of residential mortgage loans 90 days or more past due and/or in non-accrual status			$	433					$	472
Fair value of residential mortgage loans 90 days or more past due1			$	433					$	472
Fair value of residential mortgage loans in non-accrual status			234						360
1 As of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022 includes $199 million and $221 million, respectively, of residential mortgage loans that are guaranteed by US government-sponsored agencies.

The following is the estimated amount of gains (losses) included in earnings during the period attributable to changes in instrument-specific credit risk on our mortgage loan portfolio:

			Three months ended March 31,
(In millions)			2023						2022
Mortgage loans			$	(3)					$	(18)

We estimated the portion of gains and losses attributable to changes in instrument-specific credit risk by identifying commercial loans with loan-to-value ratios meeting credit quality criteria, and residential mortgage loans with delinquency status meeting credit quality criteria.

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ATHENE HOLDING LTD.

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

Level 3 Financial Instruments—The following are reconciliations for Level 3 assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis. Transfers in and out of Level 3 are primarily based on changes in the availability of pricing sources, as described in the valuation methods above.

			Three months ended March 31, 2023
									Total realized and unrealized gains (losses)
(In millions)			Beginning balance						Included in income						Included in OCI						Net purchases, issuances, sales and settlements						Net transfers in (out)						Ending balance						Total gains (losses) included in earnings1						Total gains (losses) included in OCI1
Assets
AFS securities
Foreign governments			$	1					$	—					$	—					$	—					—						$	1					$	—					$	—
Corporate			1,665						(1)						12						126						(180)						1,622						—						6
ABS			4,867						—						(19)						155						(61)						4,942						—						(16)
RMBS			232						3						3						—						—						238						—						3
Trading securities			53						2						—						(4)						(9)						42						1						—
Equity securities			92						(8)						—						—						(13)						71						(8)						—
Mortgage loans			27,454						251						—						2,244						—						29,949						251						—
Funds withheld at interest – embedded derivative			(4,847)						556						—						—						—						(4,291)						—						—
Short-term investments			36						—						(2)						(30)						26						30						—						—
Other investments			441						1						—						(156)						—						286						2						—
Investments in related parties
AFS securities
Corporate			812						1						(7)						153						—						959						—						(7)
CLO			303						—						10						185						—						498						—						10
ABS			5,542						4						44						1,415						—						7,005						2						42
Trading securities			878						6						—						1						—						885						6						—
Equity securities			279						4						—						(32)						—						251						3						—
Mortgage loans			1,302						26						—						(4)						—						1,324						26						—
Investment funds			959						43						—						32						—						1,034						43						—
Funds withheld at interest – embedded derivative			(1,425)						159						—						—						—						(1,266)						—						—
Other investments			303						(7)						—						42						—						338						(7)						—
Reinsurance recoverable			1,388						82						—						—						—						1,470						—						—
Assets of consolidated VIEs
Trading securities			622						12						—						(2)						16						648						12						—
Mortgage loans			2,055						19						—						45						—						2,119						19						—
Investment funds			2,471						18						—						(8)						100						2,581						18						—
Other investments			99						—						—						(2)						—						97						—						—
Total Level 3 assets			$	45,582					$	1,171					$	41					$	4,160					$	(121)					$	50,833					$	368					$	38
Liabilities
Interest sensitive contract liabilities
Embedded derivative			$	(5,841)					$	(473)					$	—					$	(433)					$	—					$	(6,747)					$	—					$	—
Universal life benefits			(829)						(50)						—						—						—						(879)						—						—
Future policy benefits
AmerUs Closed Block			(1,164)						(26)						—						—						—						(1,190)						—						—
ILICO Closed Block and life benefits			(548)						(31)						—						—						—						(579)						—						—
Derivative liabilities			(1)						—						—						—						—						(1)						—						—
Other liabilities			(142)						(47)						—						—						—						(189)						—						—
Total Level 3 liabilities			$	(8,525)					$	(627)					$	—					$	(433)					$	—					$	(9,585)					$	—					$	—
1 Related to instruments held at end of period.

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ATHENE HOLDING LTD.

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

			Three months ended March 31, 2022
									Total realized and unrealized gains (losses)
(In millions)			January 1, 2022						Included in income						Included in OCI						Net purchases, issuances, sales and settlements						Net transfers in (out)						Ending balance						Total gains (losses) included in earnings1						Total gains (losses) included in OCI1
Assets
AFS securities
Foreign governments			$	2					$	—					$	—					$	—					$	—					$	2					$	—					$	—
Corporate			1,339						(3)						(19)						140						42						1,499						—						(19)
CLO			14						(1)						2						(10)						—						5						—						2
ABS			3,619						6						(31)						(148)						337						3,783						—						(30)
CMBS			43						—						(17)						—						(16)						10						—						(17)
Trading securities			69						(5)						—						6						20						90						—						—
Equity securities			429						9						—						—						—						438						—						—
Mortgage loans			21,154						(744)						—						3,286						—						23,696						(741)						—
Investment funds			18						1						—						—						—						19						1						—
Funds withheld at interest – embedded derivative			—						(1,882)						—						—						—						(1,882)						—						—
Short-term investments			29						—						—						30						—						59						9						—
Investments in related parties
AFS securities
Corporate			670						(4)						1						94						—						761						—						1
CLO			202						—						—						130						—						332						—						—
ABS			6,445						(17)						(10)						(145)						(1,864)						4,409						—						(10)
Trading securities			1,771						(5)						—						(254)						(1,260)						252						—						—
Equity securities			284						(5)						—						—						(113)						166						—						—
Mortgage loans			1,369						(52)						—						139						—						1,456						(52)						—
Investment funds			2,855						24						—						(34)						(2,031)						814						24						—
Funds withheld at interest – embedded derivative			—						(570)						—						—						—						(570)						—						—
Short-term investments			—						—						—						53						—						53						—						—
Reinsurance recoverable			1,991						(177)						—						—						—						1,814						—						—
Assets of consolidated VIEs
Mortgage loans			2,152						(120)						—						(152)						—						1,880						(120)						—
Investment funds			1,297						(5)						—						238						9,047						10,577						(5)						—
Other investments			—						—						—						—						1,902						1,902						—						—
Total Level 3 assets			$	45,752					$	(3,550)					$	(74)					$	3,373					$	6,064					$	51,565					$	(884)					$	(73)
Liabilities
Interest sensitive contract liabilities
Embedded derivative			$	(7,408)					$	1,034					$	—					$	(111)					$	—					$	(6,485)					$	—					$	—
Universal life benefits			(1,235)						139						—						—						—						(1,096)						—						—
Future policy benefits
AmerUs Closed Block			(1,520)						142						—						—						—						(1,378)						—						—
ILICO Closed Block and life benefits			(742)						38						—						—						—						(704)						—						—
Derivative liabilities			(3)						—						—						—						—						(3)						—						—
Liabilities of consolidated VIEs – debt			—						—						—						—						(3,645)						(3,645)						—						—
Total Level 3 liabilities			$	(10,908)					$	1,353					$	—					$	(111)					$	(3,645)					$	(13,311)					$	—					$	—
1 Related to instruments held at end of period.

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ATHENE HOLDING LTD.

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

The following represents the gross components of purchases, issuances, sales and settlements, net, and net transfers in (out) shown above:

			Three months ended March 31, 2023
(In millions)			Purchases						Issuances						Sales						Settlements						Net purchases, issuances, sales and settlements						Transfers in						Transfers out						Net transfers in (out)
Assets
AFS securities
Corporate			$	208					$	—					$	—					$	(82)					$	126					$	29					$	(209)					$	(180)
ABS			298						—						—						(143)						155						215						(276)						(61)
RMBS			1						—						—						(1)						—						—						—						—
Trading securities			—						—						—						(4)						(4)						5						(14)						(9)
Equity securities			—						—						—						—						—						—						(13)						(13)
Mortgage loans			2,882						—						(32)						(606)						2,244						—						—						—
Short-term investments			—						—						—						(30)						(30)						26						—						26
Other investments			2						—						—						(158)						(156)						—						—						—
Investments in related parties
AFS securities
Corporate			156						—						—						(3)						153						—						—						—
CLO			185						—						—						—						185						—						—						—
ABS			1,634						—						—						(219)						1,415						—						—						—
Trading securities			2						—						—						(1)						1						—						—						—
Equity securities			—						—						—						(32)						(32)						—						—						—
Mortgage loans			—						—						—						(4)						(4)						—						—						—
Investment funds			32						—						—						—						32						—						—						—
Other investments			42						—						—						—						42						—						—						—
Assets of consolidated VIEs
Trading securities			10						—						(12)						—						(2)						19						(3)						16
Mortgage loans			46						—						—						(1)						45						—						—						—
Investment funds			—						—						(8)						—						(8)						148						(48)						100
Other investments			5						—						(7)						—						(2)						—						—						—
Total Level 3 assets			$	5,503					$	—					$	(59)					$	(1,284)					$	4,160					$	442					$	(563)					$	(121)
Liabilities
Interest sensitive contract liabilities – embedded derivative			$	—					$	(577)					$	—					$	144					$	(433)					$	—					$	—					$	—
Total Level 3 liabilities			$	—					$	(577)					$	—					$	144					$	(433)					$	—					$	—					$	—

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ATHENE HOLDING LTD.

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

			Three months ended March 31, 2022
(In millions)			Purchases						Issuances						Sales						Settlements						Net purchases, issuances, sales and settlements						Transfers in1						Transfers out2						Net transfers in (out)
Assets
AFS securities
Corporate			$	324					$	—					$	(168)					$	(16)					$	140					$	43					$	(1)					$	42
CLO			—						—						—						(10)						(10)						—						—						—
ABS			1,489						—						(1,450)						(187)						(148)						338						(1)						337
CMBS			—						—						—						—						—						—						(16)						(16)
Trading securities			6						—						—						—						6						30						(10)						20
Mortgage loans			4,091						—						(82)						(723)						3,286						—						—						—
Short-term investments			30						—						—						—						30						—						—						—
Investments in related parties
AFS securities
Corporate			315						—						(217)						(4)						94						—						—						—
CLO			130						—						—						—						130						—						—						—
ABS			374						—						(87)						(432)						(145)						—						(1,864)						(1,864)
Trading securities			29						—						(265)						(18)						(254)												(1,260)						(1,260)
Equity securities			—						—						—						—						—						—						(113)						(113)
Mortgage securities			146						—						—						(7)						139						—						—						—
Investment funds			—						—						(34)						—						(34)						—						(2,031)						(2,031)
Short-term investments			53						—						—						—						53						—						—						—
Assets of consolidated VIEs
Mortgage loans			—						—						—						(152)						(152)						—						—						—
Investment funds			253						—						(15)						—						238						10,081						(1,034)						9,047
Other investments			—						—						—						—						—						1,902						—						1,902
Total Level 3 assets			$	7,240					$	—					$	(2,318)					$	(1,549)					$	3,373					$	12,394					$	(6,330)					$	6,064
Liabilities
Interest sensitive contract liabilities – embedded derivative			$	—					$	(260)					$	—					$	149					$	(111)					$	—					$	—					$	—
Liabilities of consolidated VIEs – debt			—						—						—						—						—						(3,645)						—						(3,645)
Total Level 3 liabilities			$	—					$	(260)					$	—					$	149					$	(111)					$	(3,645)					$	—					$	(3,645)
1 Transfers in includes assets and liabilities of consolidated VIEs that we consolidated effective March 31, 2022 ($10,081 million investment funds, $1,902 million other investments, and $3,645 million debt).
2 Transfers out includes the elimination of investments in related party securities issued by VIEs that we consolidated effective March 31, 2022 ($1,582 million ABS AFS securities, $1,260 million ABS and CLO trading securities, and $113 million equity securities).

Significant Unobservable Inputs—Significant unobservable inputs occur when we could not obtain or corroborate the quantitative detail of the inputs. This applies to fixed maturity securities, equity securities, mortgage loans and certain investment funds, as well as embedded derivatives in liabilities. Additional significant unobservable inputs are described below.

AFS, trading and equity securities – We use discounted cash flow models to calculate the fair value for certain fixed maturity and equity securities. The discount rate is a significant unobservable input because the credit spread includes adjustments made to the base rate. The base rate represents a market comparable rate for securities with similar characteristics. This excludes assets for which fair value is provided by independent broker quotes, but includes assets for which fair value is provided by affiliated quotes.

Mortgage loans – We use discounted cash flow models from independent commercial pricing services to calculate the fair value of our mortgage loan portfolio. The discount rate is a significant unobservable input. This approach uses market transaction information and client portfolio-oriented information, such as prepayments or defaults, to support the valuations.

Investment funds – We use various methods of valuing of our investment funds from both independent pricing services and affiliated modeling.

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ATHENE HOLDING LTD.

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

Interest sensitive contract liabilities – embedded derivative – Significant unobservable inputs we use in the fixed indexed annuities embedded derivative of the interest sensitive contract liabilities valuation include:

1.Nonperformance risk – For contracts we issue, we use the credit spread, relative to the US Department of the Treasury (US Treasury) curve based on our public credit rating as of the valuation date. This represents our credit risk for use in the estimate of the fair value of embedded derivatives.

2.Option budget – We assume future hedge costs in the derivative’s fair value estimate. The level of option budgets determines the future costs of the options and impacts future policyholder account value growth.

3.Policyholder behavior – We regularly review the full withdrawal (surrender rate) assumptions. These are based on our initial pricing assumptions updated for actual experience. Actual experience may be limited for recently issued products.

The following summarizes the unobservable inputs for AFS, trading and equity securities, mortgage loans, investment funds and the embedded derivatives of fixed indexed annuities, including those of consolidated VIEs:

						March 31, 2023
(In millions, except for percentages and multiples)						Fair value						Valuation technique						Unobservable inputs						Minimum						Maximum						Weighted average									Impact of an increase in the input on fair value
AFS, trading and equity securities						$	12,271					Discounted cash flow						Discount rate						2.0		%				18.7		%				6.7		%	1						Decrease
Mortgage loans						33,392						Discounted cash flow						Discount rate						2.1		%				22.3		%				6.3		%	1						Decrease
Investment funds						650						Discounted cash flow						Discount rate						6.4		%				14.7		%				8.4		%							Decrease
						899						Discounted cash flow / Guideline public equity						Discount rate / P/E						17.0% /8.5x						17.0% /8.5x						17.0% /8.5x									Decrease/Increase
						515						Net tangible asset values						Implied multiple						1.26x						1.26x						1.26x									Increase
						517						Reported net asset value						Reported net asset value						N/A						N/A						N/A									N/A
Interest sensitive contract liabilities – fixed indexed annuities embedded derivatives						6,747						Discounted cash flow						Nonperformance risk						0.3		%				1.8		%				1.3		%	2						Decrease
																		Option budget						0.5		%				5.7		%				2.0		%	3						Increase
																		Surrender rate						5.2		%				11.7		%				8.1		%	3						Decrease
						December 31, 2022
(In millions, except for percentages and multiples)						Fair value						Valuation technique						Unobservable inputs						Minimum						Maximum						Weighted average									Impact of an increase in the input on fair value
AFS, trading and equity securities						$	10,671					Discounted cash flow						Discount rate						2.2		%				18.8		%				6.8		%	1						Decrease
Mortgage loans						30,811						Discounted cash flow						Discount rate						1.5		%				22.1		%				6.3		%	1						Decrease
Investment funds						506						Discounted cash flow						Discount rate						6.4		%				6.4		%				6.4		%							Decrease
						873						Discounted cash flow / Guideline public equity						Discount rate / P/E						16.5% / 9x						16.5% / 9x						16.5% / 9x									Decrease/Increase
						529						Net tangible asset values						Implied multiple						1.26x						1.26x						1.26x									Increase
						563						Reported net asset value						Reported net asset value						N/A						N/A						N/A									N/A
Interest sensitive contract liabilities – fixed indexed annuities embedded derivatives						5,841						Discounted cash flow						Nonperformance risk						0.1		%				1.7		%				1.0		%	2						Decrease
																		Option budget						0.5		%				5.3		%				1.9		%	3						Increase
																		Surrender rate						5.1		%				11.5		%				8.1		%	3						Decrease
1 The discount rate weighted average is calculated based on the relative fair values of the securities or loans.
2 The nonperformance risk weighted average is based on the projected cash flows attributable to the embedded derivative.
3 The option budget and surrender rate weighted averages are calculated based on projected account values.

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ATHENE HOLDING LTD.

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

Financial Instruments Without Readily Determinable Fair Values—We have elected the measurement alternative for certain equity securities that do not have a readily determinable fair value. As of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the carrying amount of the equity securities was $400 million and $400 million, respectively, with no cumulative recorded impairment.

Fair Value of Financial Instruments Not Carried at Fair Value—The following represents our financial instruments not carried at fair value on the condensed consolidated balance sheets:

			March 31, 2023
(In millions)			Carrying Value						Fair Value						NAV						Level 1						Level 2						Level 3
Financial assets
Investment funds			$	77					$	77					$	77					$	—					$	—					$	—
Policy loans			339						339						—						—						339						—
Funds withheld at interest			35,375						35,375						—						—						—						35,375
Short-term investments			45						45						—						—						45						—
Other investments			200						200						—						—						—						200
Investments in related parties
Investment funds			561						561						561						—						—						—
Funds withheld at interest			10,728						10,728						—						—						—						10,728
Short-term investments			1,043						1,043						—						—						1,043						—
Total financial assets not carried at fair value			$	48,368					$	48,368					$	638					$	—					$	1,427					$	46,303
Financial liabilities
Interest sensitive contract liabilities			$	131,873					$	120,063					$	—					$	—					$	—					$	120,063
Debt			3,650						2,906						—						—						2,906						—
Securities to repurchase			7,781						7,781						—						—						7,781						—
Funds withheld liability			346						346						—						—						346						—
Total financial liabilities not carried at fair value			$	143,650					$	131,096					$	—					$	—					$	11,033					$	120,063

			December 31, 2022
(In millions)			Carrying Value						Fair Value						NAV						Level 1						Level 2						Level 3
Financial assets
Investment funds			$	79					$	79					$	79					$	—					$	—					$	—
Policy loans			347						347						—						—						347						—
Funds withheld at interest			37,727						37,727						—						—						—						37,727
Short-term investments			1,640						1,640						—						—						1,614						26
Other investments			162						162						—						—						—						162
Investments in related parties
Investment funds			610						610						610						—						—						—
Funds withheld at interest			11,233						11,233						—						—						—						11,233
Total financial assets not carried at fair value			$	51,798					$	51,798					$	689					$	—					$	1,961					$	49,148
Financial liabilities
Interest sensitive contract liabilities			$	125,101					$	111,608					$	—					$	—					$	—					$	111,608
Debt			3,658						2,893						—						—						2,893						—
Securities to repurchase			4,743						4,743						—						—						4,743						—
Funds withheld liability			360						360						—						—						360						—
Total financial liabilities not carried at fair value			$	133,862					$	119,604					$	—					$	—					$	7,996					$	111,608

We estimate the fair value for financial instruments not carried at fair value using the same methods and assumptions as those we carry at fair value. The financial instruments presented above are reported at carrying value on the condensed consolidated balance sheets; however, in the case of policy loans, funds withheld at interest and liability, short-term investments and securities to repurchase, the carrying amount approximates fair value.

Interest sensitive contract liabilities – The carrying and fair value of interest sensitive contract liabilities above includes fixed indexed and traditional fixed annuities without mortality or morbidity risks, funding agreements and payout annuities without life contingencies. The embedded derivatives within fixed indexed annuities without mortality or morbidity risks are excluded, as they are carried at fair value. The valuation of these investment contracts is based on discounted cash flow methodologies using significant unobservable inputs. The estimated fair value is determined using current market risk-free interest rates, adding a spread to reflect our nonperformance risk and subtracting a risk margin to reflect uncertainty inherent in the projected cash flows.

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ATHENE HOLDING LTD.

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

Debt – We obtain the fair value of debt from commercial pricing services. These are classified as Level 2. The pricing services incorporate a variety of market observable information in their valuation techniques including benchmark yields, trading activity, credit quality, issuer spreads, bids, offers and other reference data.

8. Deferred Acquisition Costs, Deferred Sales Inducements and Value of Business Acquired

The following represents a rollforward of DAC and DSI by product, and a rollforward of VOBA. See Note 9 – Long-duration Contracts for more information on our products.

			Three months ended March 31, 2023
			DAC																								DSI						VOBA						Total DAC, DSI and VOBA
(In millions)			Traditional deferred annuities						Indexed annuities						Funding agreements						Other investment-type						Indexed annuities
Balance at December 31, 2022			$	304					$	755					$	11					$	9					$	399					$	2,988					$	4,466
Additions			171						203						—						1						133						—						508
Amortization			(16)						(18)						(1)						—						(10)						(93)						(138)
Balance at March 31, 2023			$	459					$	940					$	10					$	10					$	522					$	2,895					$	4,836

			Three months ended March 31, 2022
			DAC																								DSI						VOBA						Total DAC, DSI and VOBA
(In millions)			Traditional deferred annuities						Indexed annuities						Funding agreements						Other investment-type						Indexed annuities
Balance at January 1, 2022			$	—					$	—					$	—					$	—					$	—					$	3,372					$	3,372
Additions			24						176						11						3						77						—						291
Amortization			—						(1)						(1)						—						—						(96)						(98)
Balance at March 31, 2022			$	24					$	175					$	10					$	3					$	77					$	3,276					$	3,565

Deferred costs related to universal life-type policies and investment contracts with significant revenue streams from sources other than investment of the policyholder funds, including traditional deferred annuities and indexed annuities, are amortized on a constant-level basis for a cohort of contracts using initial premium or deposit. Significant inputs and assumptions are required for determining the expected duration of the cohort and involves using accepted actuarial methods to determine decrement rates related to policyholder behavior for lapses, withdrawals (surrenders) and mortality. The assumptions used to determine the amortization of DAC and DSI are consistent with those used to estimate the related liability balance.

Deferred costs related to investment contracts without significant revenue streams from sources other than investment of policyholder funds are amortized using the effective interest method, which primarily includes funding agreements. The effective interest method requires inputs to project future cash flows, which for funding agreements includes contractual terms of notional value, periodic interest payments based on either fixed or floating interest rates, and duration. For other investment-type contracts which include immediate annuities and assumed endowments without significant mortality risks, assumptions are required related to policyholder behavior for lapses and withdrawals (surrenders).

The expected amortization of VOBA for the next five years is as follows:

(In millions)			Expected Amortization
20231			$	257
2024			316
2025			289
2026			260
2027			230
2028			200
1 Expected amortization for the remainder of 2023.

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ATHENE HOLDING LTD.

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

9. Long-duration Contracts

Interest sensitive contract liabilities – Interest sensitive contract liabilities primarily include:

▪traditional deferred annuities,

▪indexed annuities consisting of fixed indexed and index-linked variable annuities,

▪funding agreements, and

▪other investment-type contracts comprising of immediate annuities without significant mortality risk (which includes pension group annuities without life contingencies) and assumed endowments without significant mortality risks.

The following represents a rollforward of the policyholder account balance by product within interest sensitive contract liabilities. Where explicit policyholder account balances do not exist, the disaggregated rollforward represents the recorded reserve.

			Three months ended March 31, 2023
(In millions, except percentages)			Traditional deferred annuities						Indexed annuities												Funding agreements						Other investment-type						Total
Balance at December 31, 2022			$	43,518					$	92,660											$	27,439					$	4,722					$	168,339
Deposits			6,700						2,929												1,500						1,033						12,162
Policy charges			(1)						(158)												—						—						(159)
Surrenders and withdrawals			(1,818)						(2,712)												(70)						(3)						(4,603)
Benefit payments			(264)						(422)												(490)						(90)						(1,266)
Interest credited			369						117												206						32						724
Foreign exchange			—						—												54						(16)						38
Other			(54)						—												143						(33)						56
Balance at March 31, 2023			$	48,450					$	92,414											$	28,782					$	5,645					$	175,291
			March 31, 2023
Weighted average crediting rate			3.4		%				2.3		%										2.7		%				2.9		%				2.7		%
Net amount at risk			$	423					$	13,903											$	—					$	66					$	14,392
Cash surrender value			45,994						84,047												—						2,710						132,751

			Three months ended March 31, 2022
(In millions, except percentages)			Traditional deferred annuities						Indexed annuities												Funding agreements						Other investment-type						Total
Balance at January 1, 2022			$	35,599					$	89,755											$	23,623					$	2,413					$	151,390
Deposits			918						2,573												4,946						520						8,957
Policy charges			(1)						(141)												—						—						(142)
Surrenders and withdrawals			(845)						(1,798)												—						(1)						(2,644)
Benefit payments			(256)						(426)												(695)						(83)						(1,460)
Interest credited			235						697												125						17						1,074
Foreign exchange			—						—												(100)						(14)						(114)
Other			—						—												(218)						—						(218)
Balance at March 31, 2022			$	35,650					$	90,660											$	27,681					$	2,852					$	156,843
			March 31, 2022
Weighted average crediting rate			2.7		%				2.0		%										1.8		%				2.2		%				2.1		%
Net amount at risk			$	416					$	10,554											$	—					$	13					$	10,983
Cash surrender value			34,211						84,265												—						710						119,186

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ATHENE HOLDING LTD.

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

The following is a reconciliation of interest sensitive contract liabilities to the condensed consolidated balance sheets:

			March 31,
(In millions)			2023						2022
Traditional deferred annuities			$	48,450					$	35,650
Indexed annuities			92,414						90,660
Funding agreements			28,782						27,681
Other investment-type			5,645						2,852
Reconciling items1			5,809						7,460
Interest sensitive contract liabilities			$	181,100					$	164,303
1 Reconciling items primarily include embedded derivatives in indexed annuities, unaccreted host contract adjustments on indexed annuities, negative VOBA, sales inducement liabilities, and wholly ceded universal life insurance contracts.

The following represents policyholder account balances by range of guaranteed minimum crediting rates, as well as the related range of the difference between rates being credited to policyholders and the respective guaranteed minimums:

			March 31, 2023
(In millions)			At guaranteed minimum						1 basis point – 100 basis points above guaranteed minimum						Greater than 100 basis points above guaranteed minimum						Total
< 2.0%			$	25,571					$	23,867					$	80,468					$	129,906
2.0% – < 4.0%			31,793						1,709						778						34,280
4.0% – < 6.0%			9,625						52						206						9,883
6.0% and greater			1,222						—						—						1,222
Total			$	68,211					$	25,628					$	81,452					$	175,291

			March 31, 2022
(In millions)			At guaranteed minimum						1 basis point – 100 basis points above guaranteed minimum						Greater than 100 basis points above guaranteed minimum						Total
< 2.0%			$	29,040					$	30,195					$	57,412					$	116,647
2.0% – < 4.0%			34,604						925						43						35,572
4.0% – < 6.0%			4,467						11						6						4,484
6.0% and greater			140						—						—						140
Total			$	68,251					$	31,131					$	57,461					$	156,843

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ATHENE HOLDING LTD.

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

Future policy benefits – Future policy benefits consist primarily of payout annuities, including single premium immediate annuities with life contingencies (which include pension group annuities with life contingencies).

The following is a rollforward of the present value of expected net premiums and expected value of future policy benefits:

			Payout annuities with life contingencies
			Three months ended March 31,
(In millions)			2023						2022
Present value of expected net premiums
Beginning balance			$	—					$	—
Issuances			88						1,994
Net premium collected			(88)						(1,994)
Ending balance			$	—					$	—
Present value of expected future policy benefits
Beginning balance			$	36,422					$	35,278
Effect of changes in discount rate assumptions			8,425						—
Beginning balance at original discount rate			44,847						35,278
Effect of actual experience compared to expected experience			(29)						(47)
Adjusted beginning balance			44,818						35,231
Issuances			88						1,994
Interest accrual			346						229
Benefit payments			(885)						(724)
Foreign exchange			8						(19)
Ending balance at original discount rate			44,375						36,711
Effect of changes in discount rate assumptions			(7,623)						(3,562)
Ending balance			$	36,752					$	33,149

The following is a reconciliation of future policy benefits to the condensed consolidated balance sheets:

			March 31,
(In millions)			2023						2022
Payout annuities with life contingencies			$	36,752					$	33,149
Reconciling items1			5,738						6,091
Future policy benefits			$	42,490					$	39,240
1 Reconciling items primarily include the deferred profit liability and negative VOBA associated with our liability for future policy benefits. Additionally, it includes reserves for our immaterial lines of business including term and whole life, accident and health and disability, as well as other insurance benefit reserves for our no-lapse guarantees with universal life contracts, all of which are fully ceded.

The following is a reconciliation of premiums to the condensed consolidated statements of income (loss):

			Three months ended March 31,
(In millions)			2023						2022
Payout annuities with life contingencies			$	88					$	2,098
Reconciling items1			8						12
Premiums			$	96					$	2,110
1 Reconciling items premiums related to our immaterial lines of business including term and whole life and accident and health and disability.

Gross premiums are recorded within premiums on the condensed consolidated statements of income (loss). Interest expense (accretion) related to future policy benefits was $346 million and $229 million during the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively, and is recorded as a component of policy and other operating expenses on the condensed consolidated statements of income (loss).

Significant assumptions and inputs to the calculation of future policy benefits for payout annuities with life contingencies include policyholder demographic data, assumptions for policyholder longevity and policyholder utilization for contracts with deferred lives, and discount rates. We base certain key assumptions related to policyholder behavior on industry standard data adjusted to align with actual company experience, if necessary. At least annually, we review all significant cash flow assumptions and update as necessary, unless emerging experience indicates a more frequent review is necessary. The discount rate reflects market observable inputs from upper-medium grade fixed income instrument yields and is interpolated, where necessary, to conform to the duration of our liabilities.

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ATHENE HOLDING LTD.

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

During the three months ended March 31, 2023, future policy benefits for payout annuities with life contingencies increased by $330 million, which was primarily driven by an $802 million change in discount rate assumptions related to a decrease in rates and $346 million of interest accrual, partially offset by $885 million of benefit payments.

During the three months ended March 31, 2022, future policy benefits for payout annuities with life contingencies decreased by $2,129 million, which was primarily driven by a $3,562 million change in discount rate assumptions related to an increase in rates and $724 million of benefit payments, partially offset by $1,994 million of pension group annuity issuances and $229 million of interest accrual.

The following represents the undiscounted and discounted expected future benefit payments for the liability for future policy benefits. As these relate to payout annuities for single premium immediate annuities with life contingencies, there are no expected future gross premiums.

			March 31, 2023												March 31, 2022
(In millions)			Undiscounted						Discounted						Undiscounted						Discounted
Expected future benefit payments			$	63,995					$	44,375					$	51,643					$	36,711

The following represents the weighted-average durations and the weighted-average interest rates of future policy benefits:

			March 31,
			2023						2022
Weighted-average liability duration (in years)			10.1						10.6
Weighted-average interest accretion rate			3.2		%				2.7		%
Weighted-average current discount rate			5.3		%				3.7		%

Policyholder longevity assumptions represent the main driver of variances from actual experience compared to expected experience. The following is the variance of actual experience compared to expected experience related to policyholder longevity assumptions recorded within future policy benefits:

			Three months ended March 31,
(In millions)			2023						2022
Expected reserve release due to death			$	132					$	114
Actual reserve release due to death			183						163
Decrease in reserve due to actual experience compared to expected experience			$	(51)					$	(49)

The following is a summary of remeasurement gains (losses) included within future policy and other policy benefits on the condensed consolidated statements of income (loss):

			Three months ended March 31,
(In millions)			2023						2022
Reserves			$	29					$	47
Deferred profit liability			(27)						(54)
Negative VOBA			(4)						10
Total remeasurement gains (losses)			$	(2)					$	3

There have been no adverse developments during the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022.

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ATHENE HOLDING LTD.

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

Market risk benefits – We issue and reinsure traditional deferred and indexed annuity products that contain GLWB and GMDB riders that meet the criteria to be classified as market risk benefits.

The following is a rollfoward of net market risk benefit liabilities by product:

			Three months ended March 31, 2023
(In millions)			Traditional deferred annuities						Indexed annuities												Total
Balance at December 31, 2022			$	170					$	2,319											$	2,489
Effect of changes in instrument-specific credit risk			13						353												366
Balance, beginning of period, before changes in instrument specific credit risk			183						2,672												2,855
Issuances			—						17												17
Interest accrual			2						32												34
Attributed fees collected			1						84												85
Benefit payments			—						(6)												(6)
Effect of changes in interest rates			8						218												226
Effect of changes in equity			—						(18)												(18)
Effect of actual behavior compared to expected behavior			2						23												25
Balance, end of period, before changes in instrument specific credit risk			196						3,022												3,218
Effect of changes in the instrument specific credit risk			(16)						(439)												(455)
Balance at March 31, 2023			$	180					$	2,583											$	2,763
			March 31, 2023
Net amount at risk			$	423					$	13,903											$	14,326
Weighted-average attained age of contract holders (in years)			75						69												69

			Three months ended March 31, 2022
(In millions)			Traditional deferred annuities						Indexed annuities												Total
Balance at January 1, 2022			$	253					$	4,194											$	4,447
Issuances			—						16												16
Interest accrual			—						(2)												(2)
Attributed fees collected			1						81												82
Benefit payments			(1)						(11)												(12)
Effect of changes in interest rates			(26)						(732)												(758)
Effect of changes in equity			—						55												55
Effect of actual behavior compared to expected behavior			1						12												13
Balance, end of period, before changes in instrument specific credit risk			228						3,613												3,841
Effect of changes in the instrument specific credit risk			(13)						(384)												(397)
Balance at March 31, 2022			$	215					$	3,229											$	3,444
			March 31, 2022
Net amount at risk			$	416					$	10,554											$	10,970
Weighted-average attained age of contract holders (in years)			75						69												69

The following is a reconciliation of market risk benefits to the condensed consolidated balance sheets. Market risk benefit assets are included in other assets on the condensed consolidated balance sheets.

			March 31, 2023																		March 31, 2022
(In millions)			Asset						Liability						Net liability						Asset						Liability						Net liability
Traditional deferred annuities			$	—					$	180					$	180					$	—					$	215					$	215
Indexed annuities			440						3,023						2,583						413						3,642						3,229
Total			$	440					$	3,203					$	2,763					$	413					$	3,857					$	3,444

During the three months ended March 31, 2023, net market risk benefit liabilities increased by $274 million, which was primarily driven by a $226 million change in interest rates related to a decrease in rates.

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ATHENE HOLDING LTD.

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

During the three months ended March 31, 2022, net market risk benefit liabilities decreased by $1,003 million, which was primarily driven by a $758 million change in interest rates related to an increase in rates and a $397 million change in instrument specific credit risk related to widening of credit spreads, partially offset by $82 million of fees collected from policyholders and $55 million of changes related to equity market performance.

The determination of the fair value of market risk benefits requires the use of inputs related to fees and assessments and assumptions in determining the projected benefits in excess of the projected account balance. Judgment is required for both economic and actuarial assumptions, which can be either observable or unobservable, that impact future policyholder account growth.

Economic assumptions include interest rates and implied volatilities throughout the duration of the liability. For indexed annuities, assumptions also include projected equity returns which impact cash flows attributable to indexed strategies, implied equity volatilities, expected index credits on the next policy anniversary date and future equity option costs. Assumptions related to the level of option budgets used for determining the future equity option costs and the impact on future policyholder account value growth are considered unobservable inputs.

Policyholder behavior assumptions are unobservable inputs and are established using accepted actuarial valuation methods to estimate withdrawals (surrender rate). Assumptions are generally based on industry data and pricing assumptions which are updated for actual experience, if necessary. Actual experience may be limited for recently issued products.

All inputs are used to project excess benefits and fees over a range of risk-neutral, stochastic interest rate scenarios. For indexed annuities, stochastic equity return scenarios are also included within the range. A risk margin is incorporated within the discount rate to reflect uncertainty in the projected cash flows such as variations in policyholder behavior, as well as a credit spread to reflect our nonperformance risk, which is considered an unobservable input.

The following summarizes the unobservable inputs for market risk benefits:

						March 31, 2023
(In millions, except for percentages)						Fair value						Valuation technique						Unobservable inputs						Minimum						Maximum						Weighted average									Impact of an increase in the input on fair value
Market risk benefits, net						$	2,763					Discounted cash flow						Nonperformance risk						0.3		%				1.7		%				1.6		%	1						Decrease
																		Option budget						0.5		%				5.6		%				1.7		%	2						Decrease
																		Surrender rate						3.3		%				6.9		%				4.5		%	2						Decrease
						March 31, 2022
(In millions, except for percentages)						Fair value						Valuation technique						Unobservable inputs						Minimum						Maximum						Weighted average									Impact of an increase in the input on fair value
Market risk benefits, net						$	3,444					Discounted cash flow						Nonperformance risk						0.4		%				2.0		%				1.3		%	1						Decrease
																		Option budget						0.5		%				3.8		%				1.5		%	2						Decrease
																		Surrender rate						3.6		%				6.6		%				4.5		%	2						Decrease
1 The nonperformance risk weighted average is based on the cash flows underlying the market risk benefit reserve.
2 The option budget and surrender rate weighted averages are calculated based on projected account values.

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ATHENE HOLDING LTD.

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

10. Debt

Liquidity Facility—In the third quarter of 2022, we entered into a revolving credit facility with Wells Fargo Bank, National Association, as administrative agent, which matures on June 30, 2023, subject to additional 364-day extensions (Liquidity Facility). The Liquidity Facility will be used for liquidity and working capital needs to meet short-term cash flow and investment timing differences. The borrowing capacity under the Liquidity Facility is $2.5 billion, with potential increases up to $3.0 billion. The Liquidity Facility contains various standard covenants with which we must comply, including the following:

1.ALRe Minimum Consolidated Net Worth (as defined in the Liquidity Facility) of no less than $9.3 billion; and

2.Restrictions on our ability to incur debt and liens, in each case with certain exceptions.

Interest accrues on outstanding borrowings at either the secured overnight financing rate (Adjusted Term SOFR, as defined in the Liquidity Facility) plus a margin or a base rate plus a margin, with applicable margin varying based on ALRe’s Financial Strength Rating (as defined in the Liquidity Facility).

On February 7, 2023, we borrowed $1.0 billion from the Liquidity Facility for short-term cash flow needs, which was repaid in the first quarter of 2023. As of March 31, 2023, there were no amounts outstanding under the Liquidity Facility.

11. Equity

Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)—The following provides the details and changes in AOCI:

(In millions)			Unrealized investment gains (losses) on AFS securities without a credit allowance						Unrealized investment gains (losses) on AFS securities with a credit allowance						Unrealized gains (losses) on hedging instruments						Remeasurement gains (losses) on future policy benefits related to discount rate						Remeasurement gains (losses) on market risk benefits related to credit risk						Foreign currency translation and other adjustments						Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)
Balance at December 31, 2022			$	(12,565)					$	(334)					$	47					$	5,256					$	285					$	(10)					$	(7,321)
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications			2,187						(119)						191						(802)						89						16						1,562
Less: Reclassification adjustments for gains (losses) realized1			(31)						—						87						—						—						—						56
Less: Income tax expense (benefit)			312						14						15						(73)						18						4						290
Less: Other comprehensive income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interests			220						—						27						(208)						1						3						43
Balance at March 31, 2023			$	(10,879)					$	(467)					$	109					$	4,735					$	355					$	(1)					$	(6,148)
1 Recognized in investment related gains (losses) on the condensed consolidated statements of income (loss).

(In millions)			Unrealized investment gains (losses) on AFS securities without a credit allowance						Unrealized investment gains (losses) on AFS securities with a credit allowance						Unrealized gains (losses) on hedging instruments						Remeasurement gains (losses) on future policy benefits related to discount rate						Remeasurement gains (losses) on market risk benefits related to credit risk						Foreign currency translation and other adjustments						Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)
Balance at January 1, 2022			$	—					$	—					$	—					$	—					$	—					$	—					$	—
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications1			(6,645)						(97)						(129)						3,562						397						(2)						(2,914)
Less: Reclassification adjustments for gains (losses) realized in net income1			(38)						(7)						—						—						—						—						(45)
Less: Income tax expense (benefit)			(1,184)						(16)						(26)						529						83						(1)						(615)
Less: Other comprehensive income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interests			(676)						(9)						(24)						774						5						(6)						64
Balance at March 31, 2022			$	(4,747)					$	(65)					$	(79)					$	2,259					$	309					$	5					$	(2,318)
1 Recognized in investment related gains (losses) on the condensed consolidated statements of income (loss).

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ATHENE HOLDING LTD.

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

12. Income Taxes

The income tax expense (benefit) was $163 million and $(284) million for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. Our effective tax rate in the first quarter of 2023 was 12% compared to 13% in 2022.

On August 16, 2022, the US government enacted the Inflation Reduction Act of 2022 (IRA). The IRA contains a number of tax-related provisions including a 15% minimum corporate income tax on certain large corporations as well as an excise tax on stock repurchases. It is unclear how the IRA will be ultimately implemented by the US Department of the Treasury through regulation although the IRS has issued interim guidance relevant to us describing regulations it intends to issue upon which taxpayers are entitled to rely until the issuance of regulations. We are still evaluating the impact of the IRA on our tax liability, which tax liability could also be affected by how the provisions of the IRA are implemented through such regulation. We will continue to evaluate the IRA's impact as further information becomes available.

13. Related Parties

Apollo

Fee structure – Substantially all of our investments are managed by Apollo. Apollo provides us a full suite of services that includes: direct investment management; asset sourcing and allocation; mergers and acquisition sourcing, execution and asset diligence; and strategic support and advice. Apollo also provides certain operational support services for our investment portfolio including investment compliance, tax, legal and risk management support.

Apollo has extensive experience managing our investment portfolio and its knowledge of our liability profile enables it to tailor an asset management strategy to fit our specific needs. This strategy has proven responsive to changing market conditions and focuses on earning incremental yield by taking liquidity risk and complexity risk, rather than assuming incremental credit risk. Our partnership has enabled us to take advantage of investment opportunities that would likely not otherwise have been available to us.

Under our fee agreement with Apollo, we pay Apollo a base management fee of (1) 0.225% per year on a monthly basis equal to the lesser of (A) $103.4 billion, which represents the aggregate fair market value of substantially all of the assets in substantially all of the accounts of or relating to us (collectively, the Accounts) as of December 31, 2018 (Backbook Value), and (B) the aggregate book value of substantially all of the assets in the Accounts at the end of the respective month, plus (2) 0.15% per year of the amount, if any, by which the aggregate book value of substantially all of the assets in the Accounts at the end of the respective month exceeds the Backbook Value, subject to certain adjustments. Additionally, we pay a sub-allocation fee based on specified asset class tiers ranging from 0.065% to 0.70% of the book value of such assets, with the higher percentages in this range for asset classes that are designed to have more alpha generating abilities.

During the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, we incurred management fees, inclusive of the base and sub-allocation fees, of $222 million and $186 million, respectively. Management fees are included within net investment income on the condensed consolidated statements of income (loss). As of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, management fees payable were $85 million and $80 million, respectively, and are included in other liabilities on the condensed consolidated balance sheets. Such amounts include fees incurred attributable to Athene Co-Invest Reinsurance Affiliate Holding Ltd. (together with its subsidiaries, ACRA 1) including all of the noncontrolling interest in ACRA 1.

In addition to the assets on our condensed consolidated balance sheets managed by Apollo, Apollo manages the assets underlying our funds withheld receivable. For these assets, the third-party cedants pay Apollo fees based upon the same fee construct we have with Apollo. Such fees directly reduce the settlement payments that we receive from the third-party cedant and, as such, we indirectly pay those fees. Finally, Apollo charges management fees and carried interest on Apollo-managed funds and other entities in which we invest. Neither the fees paid by such third-party cedants nor the fees or carried interest paid by such Apollo-managed funds or other entities are included in the investment management fee amounts noted above.

Termination of ACRA 1 investment management agreements (IMA) – Our bye-laws currently provide that, with respect to IMAs covering assets backing reserves and surplus in ACRA 1, whether from internal reinsurance, third-party reinsurance, or inorganic transactions, among us or any of our subsidiaries, on the one hand, and Apollo Insurance Solutions Group LP (ISG), on the other hand, we may not, and will not cause our subsidiaries to, terminate any such IMA with Apollo other than at specified termination dates and with relevant board approvals of independent directors and written notice.

Governance – We have a management investment and asset liability committee, which includes members of our senior management and reports to the risk committee of our board of directors. The committee focuses on strategic decisions involving our investment portfolio, such as approving investment limits, new asset classes and our allocation strategy, reviewing large asset transactions, as well as monitoring our credit risk, and the management of our assets and liabilities.

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ATHENE HOLDING LTD.

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

AGM owns all of our common stock and James Belardi, our Chief Executive Officer, serves as a member of the board of directors and an executive officer of AGM, and Chief Executive Officer of ISG, which is also a subsidiary of AGM. Mr. Belardi also owns a profit interest in ISG and in connection with such interest receives quarterly distributions equal to 3.35% of base management fees and 4.5% of subadvisory fees, as such fees are defined in our fee agreement with Apollo. Additionally, six of the fourteen members of our board of directors (including Mr. Belardi) are employees of or consultants to Apollo. In order to protect against potential conflicts of interest resulting from transactions into which we have entered and will continue to enter into with the Apollo Group, our bye-laws require us to maintain a conflicts committee comprised solely of directors who are not general partners, directors (other than independent directors of AGM), managers, officers or employees of any member of the Apollo Group. The conflicts committee reviews and approves material transactions between us and the Apollo Group, subject to certain exceptions.

Other related party transactions

AAA – We consolidate AAA as a VIE. Apollo established AAA for the purpose of providing a single vehicle through which we and third-party investors can participate in a portfolio of alternative investments, which include those managed by Apollo. Additionally, we believe AAA enhances Apollo’s ability to increase alternative assets under management (AUM) by raising capital from third parties, which will allow Athene to achieve greater scale and diversification for alternatives. Third-party investors began to invest in AAA on July 1, 2022.

Wheels Donlen – We contributed our limited partnership investment in Athene Freedom Parent, LP (Athene Freedom), for which an Apollo affiliate is the general partner, to AAA during the second quarter of 2022. Athene Freedom indirectly invests in Wheels, Inc. (Wheels) and Donlen, LLC (Donlen). During the fourth quarter of 2022, Athene Freedom also invested in LeasePlan USA, Inc. (LeasePlan). We own securities issued by Wheels, Donlen and LeasePlan of $1,185 million and $1,024 million as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively, which are held as related party AFS securities on the condensed consolidated balance sheets.

MidCap FinCo Designated Activity Company (MidCap Financial) – We have various investments in MidCap Financial including an investment through AAA, senior unsecured notes and redeemable preferred stock. We previously directly held MidCap Financial profit participating notes until contribution to AAA during the second quarter of 2022. We also hold structured securities issued by MidCap Financial affiliates. As of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, we held securities issued by MidCap Financial and its affiliates of $1,481 million and $1,262 million, respectively, which are included in related party AFS or trading securities on the condensed consolidated balance sheets.

Athora – We have a cooperation agreement with Athora, pursuant to which, among other things, (1) for a period of 30 days from the receipt of notice of a cession, we have the right of first refusal to reinsure (i) up to 50% of the liabilities ceded from Athora’s reinsurance subsidiaries to Athora Life Re Ltd. and (ii) up to 20% of the liabilities ceded from a third party to any of Athora’s insurance subsidiaries, subject to a limitation in the aggregate of 20% of Athora’s liabilities, (2) Athora agreed to cause its insurance subsidiaries to consider the purchase of certain funding agreements and/or other spread instruments issued by our insurance subsidiaries, subject to a limitation that the fair market value of such funding agreements purchased by any of Athora’s insurance subsidiaries may generally not exceed 3% of the fair market value of such subsidiary’s total assets, (3) we provide Athora with a right of first refusal to pursue acquisition and reinsurance transactions in Europe (other than the United Kingdom (UK)) and (4) Athora provides us and our subsidiaries with a right of first refusal to pursue acquisition and reinsurance transactions in North America and the UK. Notwithstanding the foregoing, pursuant to the cooperation agreement, Athora is only required to use its reasonable best efforts to cause its subsidiaries to adhere to the provisions set forth in the cooperation agreement and therefore Athora’s ability to cause its subsidiaries to act pursuant to the cooperation agreement may be limited by, among other things, legal prohibitions or the inability to obtain the approval of the board of directors or other applicable governing body of the applicable subsidiary, which approval is solely at the discretion of such governing body. As of March 31, 2023, we have not exercised our right of first refusal to reinsure liabilities ceded to Athora’s insurance or reinsurance subsidiaries.

We have investments in Athora’s equity, which we hold as a related party investment fund on the condensed consolidated balance sheets, and non-redeemable preferred equity securities. The following table summarizes our investments in Athora:

(In millions)			March 31, 2023						December 31, 2022
Investment fund			$	1,034					$	959
Non-redeemable preferred equity securities			245						273
Total investment in Athora			$	1,279					$	1,232

Additionally, as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, we had $60 million and $59 million, respectively, of funding agreements outstanding to Athora. We also have commitments to make additional equity investments in Athora of $526 million as of March 31, 2023.

Catalina – We have an investment in Apollo Rose II (B) (Apollo Rose), which we consolidate as a VIE. Apollo Rose has equity interests in Catalina Holdings (Bermuda) Ltd. (Catalina) and is reflected as a related party investment fund in assets of consolidated VIEs on the condensed consolidated balance sheets. During the fourth quarter of 2022, we entered into a strategic modco reinsurance agreement with Catalina General Insurance Ltd., which is a subsidiary of Catalina, to cede certain inforce funding agreements. We elected the fair value option on this agreement and had a liability of $189 million and $142 million as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively, which is included in other liabilities on the condensed consolidated balance sheets.

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ATHENE HOLDING LTD.

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

Venerable – We have coinsurance and modco agreements with Venerable Insurance and Annuity Company (VIAC). VIAC is a related party due to our minority equity investment in its holding company’s parent, VA Capital, which was $235 million and $240 million as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively. The minority equity investment in VA Capital is included in related party investment funds on the condensed consolidated balance sheets and accounted for as an equity method investment. VA Capital is owned by a consortium of investors, led by affiliates of Apollo, Crestview Partners III Management , LLC and Reverence Capital Partners L.P., and is the parent of Venerable, which is the parent of VIAC.

We also have term loans receivable from Venerable due in 2033, which are included in related party other investments on the condensed consolidated balance sheets. The loans are held at fair value and were $338 million and $303 million as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively. While management views the overall transactions with Venerable as favorable to us, the stated interest rate of 6.257% on the initial term loan to Venerable represented a below-market interest rate, and management considered such rate as part of its evaluation and pricing of the reinsurance transactions.

Strategic Partnership – We have an agreement pursuant to which we may invest up to $2.875 billion over three years in funds managed by Apollo entities (Strategic Partnership). This arrangement is intended to permit us to invest across the Apollo alternatives platform into credit-oriented, strategic and other alternative investments in a manner and size that is consistent with our existing investment strategy. Fees for such investments payable by us to Apollo would be more favorable to us than market rates, and consistent with our existing alternative investments, investments made under the Strategic Partnership require approval of ISG and remain subject to our existing governance processes, including approval by our conflicts committee where applicable. During the second quarter of 2022, we contributed the majority of our Strategic Partnership investments to AAA. As of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, we had $1,151 million and $1,046 million, respectively, of investments under the Strategic Partnership and these investments are typically included as consolidated VIEs or related party investment funds on the condensed consolidated balance sheets.

PK AirFinance – We have investments in PK AirFinance (PK Air), an aviation lending business with a portfolio of loans (Aviation Loans). The Aviation Loans are generally fully secured by aircraft leases and aircraft and are securitized by a special purpose vehicle (SPV) for which Apollo acts as ABS manager (ABS-SPV). The ABS-SPV issues tranches of senior notes and subordinated notes, which are secured by the Aviation Loans. We have purchased both senior and subordinated notes of PK Air, which are included in related party AFS or trading securities on the condensed consolidated balance sheets. During the first quarter of 2022, we contributed our investment in the subordinated notes to PK Air Holdings, LP (PK Air Holdings) and then contributed PK Air Holdings to AAA during the second quarter of 2022. We had investments in PK Air notes of $1,577 million and $1,183 million as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively. We also have commitments to make additional investments in PK Air of $1,261 million as of March 31, 2023.

Apollo/Athene Dedicated Investment Program (ADIP) – ACRA 1 is partially owned by ADIP, a series of funds managed by Apollo. ALRe currently holds 36.55% of the economic interests in ACRA 1 and all of ACRA 1’s voting interests, with ADIP holding the remaining 63.45% of the economic interests. During the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, we received capital contributions of $0 million and $311 million, respectively, from ADIP, and paid dividends of $127 million and $0 million, respectively, to ADIP. Additionally, as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, we had $201 million and $202 million, respectively, of related party payables for contingent investment fees payable by ACRA 1 to Apollo. ACRA 1 is obligated to pay the contingent investment fees on behalf of ADIP and, as such, the balance is attributable to noncontrolling interest.

Unsecured Revolving Promissory Note Receivable with AGM – AHL has an unsecured revolving promissory note with AGM which allows AGM to borrow funds from AHL. The note has a borrowing capacity of $500 million. Interest accrues at the US mid-term applicable federal rate per year and has a maturity date of December 13, 2025, or earlier at AHL’s request. The note receivable had an outstanding balance of $123 million and $78 million as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively.

Unsecured Revolving Promissory Note Payable with AGM – AHL has an unsecured revolving promissory note with AGM which allows AHL to borrow funds from AGM. The note has a borrowing capacity of $500 million. Interest accrues at the US mid-term applicable federal rate per year and has a maturity date of December 13, 2025, or earlier at AGM’s request. There was no outstanding balance on the note payable as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively.

Atlas Securitized Products Holdings LP (Atlas) – We have an equity investment in Atlas, an asset-backed specialty lender, through our investment in AAA. As of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, we had $995 million and $0 million, respectively, of related party AFS securities issued by Atlas. Additionally, we have $1,043 million and $0 million of reverse repurchase agreements issued by Atlas as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively, which are held as related party short-term investments on the condensed consolidated balance sheets. See Note 14 – Commitments and Contingencies for further information on assurance letters issued in support of Atlas.

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ATHENE HOLDING LTD.

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

14. Commitments and Contingencies

Contingent Commitments—We had commitments to make investments, primarily capital contributions to investment funds, inclusive of related party commitments discussed previously and those of consolidated VIEs, of $19.3 billion as of March 31, 2023. We expect most of our current commitments will be invested over the next five years; however, these commitments could become due any time upon counterparty request.

Funding Agreements—We are a member of the Federal Home Loan Bank of Des Moines (FHLB) and, through membership, we have issued funding agreements to the FHLB in exchange for cash advances. As of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, we had $4.9 billion and $3.7 billion, respectively, of FHLB funding agreements outstanding. We are required to provide collateral in excess of the funding agreement amounts outstanding, considering any discounts to the securities posted and prepayment penalties.

We have a funding agreement backed notes (FABN) program, which allows Athene Global Funding, a special-purpose, unaffiliated statutory trust, to offer its senior secured medium-term notes. Athene Global Funding uses the net proceeds from each sale to purchase one or more funding agreements from us. As of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, we had $21.1 billion and $21.0 billion, respectively, of board-authorized FABN funding agreements outstanding. We had $13.5 billion of board-authorized FABN capacity remaining as of March 31, 2023.

We also established a secured funding agreement backed repurchase agreement (FABR) program, in which a special-purpose, unaffiliated entity enters into repurchase agreements with a bank and the proceeds of the repurchase agreements are used by the special-purpose entity to purchase funding agreements from us. As of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, we had $3.0 billion and $3.0 billion, respectively, of FABR funding agreements outstanding.

Pledged Assets and Funds in Trust (Restricted Assets)—The total restricted assets included on the condensed consolidated balance sheets are as follows:

(In millions)			March 31, 2023						December 31, 2022
AFS securities			$	17,054					$	15,366
Trading securities			69						55
Equity securities			71						38
Mortgage loans			7,963						8,849
Investment funds			84						103
Derivative assets			80						65
Short-term investments			131						120
Other investments			215						170
Restricted cash			1,148						628
Total restricted assets			$	26,815					$	25,394

The restricted assets are primarily related to reinsurance trusts established in accordance with coinsurance agreements and the FHLB and FABR funding agreements described above.

Letters of Credit—We have undrawn letters of credit totaling $1,344 million as of March 31, 2023. These letters of credit were issued for our reinsurance program and have expirations through July 28, 2025.

Assurance Letter—In February 2023, the Company, Apollo and Credit Suisse AG (CS) undertook the first two closes on a previously announced transaction whereby Atlas, which is owned by AAA, acquired certain assets of the CS Securitized Products Group. Under terms of the transaction, Atlas has agreed to pay CS $3.3 billion, of which $0.4 billion is deferred until February 8, 2026, and $2.9 billion is deferred until February 8, 2028. This deferred purchase price is an obligation first of Atlas, and (as a result of additional guarantees provided by AAA, Apollo Asset Management, Inc. (AAM) and AHL) second of AAA, third of AAM, fourth of AHL and fifth of AARe. AARe and AAM have each issued an assurance letter to CS to guarantee the full amount of $3.3 billion. The fair values of our guarantees related to this transaction are not material to the consolidated financial statements.

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Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

Index to Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

Overview			65
Industry Trends and Competition			67
Key Operating and Non-GAAP Measures			72
Results of Operations			75
Investment Portfolio			78
Non-GAAP Measure Reconciliations			96
Liquidity and Capital Resources			100
Critical Accounting Estimates and Judgments			106

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Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

Overview

We are a leading financial services company that specializes in issuing, reinsuring and acquiring retirement savings products designed for the increasing number of individuals and institutions seeking to fund retirement needs. We focus on generating spread income by combining our two core competencies of (1) sourcing long-term, persistent liabilities and (2) using the global scale and reach of Apollo’s asset management business to actively source or originate assets with our preferred risk and return characteristics. Our steady and significant base of earnings generates capital that we opportunistically invest across our business to source attractively-priced liabilities and capitalize on opportunities. Effective January 1, 2022, as a result of the closing of the merger involving us and Apollo, Apollo Global Management, Inc. (NYSE: APO) became the beneficial owner of 100% of our Class A common shares and controls all of the voting power to elect members to our board of directors.

We have established a significant base of earnings and, as of March 31, 2023, have an expected annual net investment spread, which measures our investment performance plus strategic capital management fees less the total cost of our liabilities, of 1–2% over the estimated 8.4 year weighted-average life of our net reserve liabilities. The weighted-average life includes deferred annuities, pension group annuities, funding agreements, payout annuities and other products.

Our total assets have grown to $257.7 billion as of March 31, 2023. For the three months ended March 31, 2023 and the year ended December 31, 2022, we generated an annualized net investment spread of 1.83% and 1.71%, respectively.

The following table presents the inflows generated from our organic and inorganic channels:

			Three months ended March 31,
(In millions)			2023						2022
Retail			$	8,578					$	2,865
Flow reinsurance			1,793						1,001
Funding agreements1			1,500						5,696
Pension group annuities			56						1,994
Gross organic inflows			11,927						11,556
Gross inorganic inflows			—						—
Total gross inflows			11,927						11,556
Gross outflows2			(6,879)						(4,883)
Net flows			$	5,048					$	6,673
Inflows attributable to Athene			$	11,896					$	9,333
Inflows attributable to ACRA noncontrolling interest			31						2,223
Total gross inflows			$	11,927					$	11,556
Outflows attributable to Athene			$	(5,531)					$	(4,072)
Outflows attributable to ACRA noncontrolling interest			(1,348)						(811)
Total gross outflows2			$	(6,879)					$	(4,883)
1 Funding agreements are comprised of funding agreements issued under our FABN and FABR programs, funding agreements issued to the FHLB and long-term repurchase agreements.
2 Gross outflows consist of full and partial policyholder withdrawals on deferred annuities, death benefits, pension group annuity benefit payments, payments on payout annuities, funding agreement repurchases and maturities and ceded reinsurance.

Our organic channels, including retail, flow reinsurance and institutional products, provided gross inflows of $11.9 billion and $11.6 billion for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively, which were underwritten to attractive returns. Gross organic inflows increased $0.4 billion, or 3% from the prior year, reflecting the strength of our multi-channel distribution platform and our ability to quickly pivot into optimal and profitable channels as opportunities arise. Withdrawals on our deferred annuities, repurchases and maturities of our funding agreements, payments on payout annuities and pension group annuity payments (collectively, gross outflows), in the aggregate were $6.9 billion and $4.9 billion for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. The increase in gross outflows was primarily related to certain reinsurance blocks going through shock lapse. We believe that our credit profile, current product offerings and product design capabilities as well as our growing reputation as both a seasoned funding agreement issuer and a reliable pension group annuity counterparty will continue to enable us to grow our existing organic channels and allow us to source additional volumes of profitably underwritten liabilities in various market environments. We intend to continue to grow organically by expanding each of our retail, flow reinsurance and institutional distribution channels. We believe that we have the right people, infrastructure, scale and capital discipline to position us for continued growth.

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Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

Within our retail channel, we had fixed annuity sales of $8.6 billion and $2.9 billion for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. The increase in our retail channel was driven by another record quarter for our multi-year guaranteed annuity (MYGA) product and strong performance of our indexed annuity products across our bank, independent marketing organization (IMO) and broker-dealer channels, exhibiting strong sales execution reflecting the current rate environment, as well as our expansion into large financial institutions. We have maintained our disciplined approach to pricing and our targeted underwritten returns. We aim to continue to grow our retail channel by deepening our relationships with our approximately 54 IMOs, approximately 81,000 independent agents and our growing network of 16 banks and 134 regional broker-dealers. Our strong financial position and diverse, capital-efficient products allow us to be dependable partners with IMOs, banks and broker-dealers as well as consistently write new business. We expect our retail channel to continue to benefit from our credit profile and recent product launches. We believe this should support growth in sales at our targeted returns through increased volumes via existing IMO relationships and allow us to continue to expand our bank and broker-dealer channels. Additionally, we continue to focus on hiring and training a specialized sales force and creating products to capture new potential distribution opportunities.

Within our flow reinsurance channel, we target reinsurance business consistent with our preferred liability characteristics, which provides us another opportunistic channel for us to source liabilities with attractive crediting rates. We generated inflows through our flow reinsurance channel of $1.8 billion and $1.0 billion for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. The increase in our flow reinsurance channel from prior year was driven by strong volumes from existing partnerships reflecting the elevated interest rate environment as well as expanding relationships with Japanese counterparties. We expect that our credit profile and our reputation as a solutions provider will help us continue to source additional reinsurance partners, which will further diversify our flow reinsurance channel.

Within our institutional channel, we generated inflows of $1.6 billion and $7.7 billion for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. The decrease in our institutional channel was driven by lower funding agreement and pension group annuity inflows. We issued funding agreements in the aggregate principal amount of $1.5 billion and $5.7 billion for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. The decrease in our funding agreement channel from prior year was primarily driven by fewer issuances through our FABN and FABR programs as market conditions continue to be challenging.

The following represents the aggregate principal amount of funding agreement inflows:

			Three months ended March 31,
(In millions)			2023						2022
FABN			$	—					$	3,451
FHLB			1,500						495
FABR			—						1,000
Long-term repurchase agreements			—						750
Total funding agreement inflows			$	1,500					$	5,696

As of March 31, 2023, we had funding agreements of $21.1 billion and $3.0 billion outstanding under our FABN and FABR programs, respectively, $4.9 billion outstanding with the FHLB and $2.9 billion of long-term repurchase agreements.

During the three months ended March 31, 2023, we issued group annuity contracts in the aggregate principal amount of $56 million, compared to $2.0 billion during the three months ended March 31, 2022. The decrease in our pension group annuity channel was primarily related to subdued industry activity in the first quarter of the current year. In the second quarter, we closed our largest single pension group annuity transaction to date, resulting in approximately $8 billion of premium. Since entering the pension group annuity market in 2017, we have closed 43 deals resulting in the issuance or reinsurance of group annuities of $41.5 billion with more than 430,000 plan participants as of March 31, 2023. We expect to grow our institutional channel by continuing to engage in pension group annuity transactions and programmatic issuances of funding agreements.

Our inorganic channel has contributed significantly to our growth through both acquisitions and block reinsurance transactions. We believe our corporate development team, with support from Apollo, has an industry-leading ability to source, underwrite and expeditiously close transactions. With support from Apollo, we are a solutions provider with a proven track record of closing transactions, which we believe makes us the ideal partner to insurance companies seeking to restructure their business. We expect that our inorganic channel will continue to be an important source of profitable growth in the future.

Executing our growth strategy requires that we have sufficient capital available to deploy. We believe that we have significant capital available to support our growth aspirations. As of March 31, 2023, we estimate that we have approximately $7.5 billion in capital available to deploy, consisting of approximately $2.0 billion in excess equity capital, $3.2 billion in untapped debt capacity (assuming a peer average adjusted debt to capitalization ratio of 25%), $0.3 billion in available undrawn capital at ACRA 1 and $2.0 billion pro forma for the initial closing of Athene Co-Invest Reinsurance Affiliate Holding 2 Ltd. (together with its subsidiaries, ACRA 2), which is expected to occur on July 1, 2023, subject, in the case of debt capacity, to market conditions and general availability.

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Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

To support our growth strategies and capital deployment opportunities, we established ACRA 1 as a long-duration, on-demand capital vehicle. We own 36.55% of the economic interests in ACRA 1, with the remaining 63.45% of the economic interests being owned by ADIP, a series of funds managed by an affiliate of Apollo. ACRA 1 participates in certain transactions by drawing a portion of the required capital for such transactions from third-party investors equal to ADIP’s proportionate economic interest in ACRA 1. This shareholder-friendly, strategic capital solution allows us the flexibility to simultaneously deploy capital across multiple accretive avenues, while maintaining a strong financial position.

To further support our growth and capital deployment opportunities following the deployment of capital by ACRA 1, we established ACRA 2 in December of 2022 as another long-duration, on-demand capital vehicle. Athene currently owns 100% of ACRA 2’s economic and voting interests prior to the initial closing of ACRA 2, which is expected to occur on July 1, 2023.

AAA Investment

We consolidate AAA as a VIE. Apollo established AAA for the purpose of providing a single vehicle through which we and third-party investors can participate in a portfolio of alternative investments, which include those managed by Apollo. Additionally, we believe AAA enhances Apollo’s ability to increase alternative AUM by raising capital from third parties, which will allow Athene to achieve greater scale and diversification for alternatives. Third-party investors began to invest in AAA on July 1, 2022.

Merger with Apollo

On January 1, 2022, we completed our merger with AGM and are now a direct subsidiary of AGM. The total consideration for the transaction was $13.1 billion. The consideration was calculated based on historical AGM’s December 31, 2021 closing share price multiplied by the AGM common shares issued in the share exchange, as well as the fair value of stock-based compensation awards replaced, fair value of warrants converted to AGM common shares and other equity consideration, and effective settlement of pre-existing relationships and other consideration.

At the closing of the merger, each issued and outstanding AHL Class A common share (other than shares held by Apollo, the AOG or the respective direct or indirect wholly owned subsidiaries of Athene or the AOG) was converted automatically into 1.149 shares of AGM common shares with cash paid in lieu of any fractional AGM common shares. In connection with the merger, AGM issued to AHL Class A common shareholders 158.2 million AGM common shares in exchange for 137.6 million AHL Class A common shares that were issued and outstanding as of the acquisition date, exclusive of the 54.6 million shares previously held by Apollo immediately before the acquisition date.

Industry Trends and Competition

Economic and Market Conditions

As a leading financial services company specializing in retirement services, we are affected by numerous factors, including the condition of global financial markets and the economy. Price fluctuations within equity, credit, commodity and foreign exchange markets, as well as interest rates and global inflation, which may be volatile and mixed across geographies, can significantly impact the performance of our business including, but not limited to, the valuation of investments and related income we may recognize.

Adverse economic conditions may result from domestic and global economic and political developments, including plateauing or decreasing economic growth and business activity, civil unrest, geopolitical tensions or military action, such as the armed conflict between Ukraine and Russia and corresponding sanctions imposed by the US and other countries, and new or evolving legal and regulatory requirements on

business investment, hiring, migration, labor supply and global supply chains.

We carefully monitor economic and market conditions that could potentially give rise to global market volatility and affect our business operations, investment portfolios and derivatives, which includes global inflation. In recent months, the global financial system has been experiencing increased volatility due to the failure of certain financial institutions, primarily US regional banks. The current macroeconomic environment, recent bank failures and consolidations, changes in business and consumer behavior and other events affecting financial institutions, have also contributed to volatility in the commercial real estate market, and concerns regarding commercial real estate liquidity, financing availability and asset values, particularly in the office subsector. The potential impacts of rising interest rates and continued deposit outflows on global markets, financial institutions and macroeconomic conditions, generally, remain uncertain. Episodes of increased economic and market volatility may continue to occur and could worsen if there are additional instances of actual or threatened bank failures. For further information on the risks related to market or economic conditions and commercial real estate, see Part I–Item 1A. Risk Factors in our 2022 Annual Report.

US inflation receded during the first quarter of 2023, however, the US Federal Reserve continued its interest rate hiking cycle given inflation persisted above its 2% target level. The US Bureau of Labor Statistics reported that the annual US inflation rate edged down to 5.0% as of March 31, 2023, compared to 6.5% as of December 31, 2022, as action from the US Federal Reserve continues to temper inflation. While declining, the heightened US inflation rate persists due to a combination of supply and demand factors. As a result, in March 2023, the Federal Reserve raised the benchmark interest rate to a target range of 4.75% to 5.00% from a target range of 4.25% to 4.50% in December 2022, which marks two consecutive interest rate hikes to start 2023.

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Equity market performance in the US continued to rebound during the first quarter, with the S&P 500 Index increasing 7.0%, while credit markets underperformed. In terms of economic conditions, the Bureau of Economic Analysis reported US real GDP increased at an annual rate of 1.1% in the first quarter of 2023, following an increase of 2.6% in the fourth quarter of 2022. As of April 2023, the International Monetary Fund estimated that the US economy will expand by 1.6% in 2023 and 1.1% in 2024. Oil finished a volatile quarter down 5.7% as the general downward trend from 2022 was reversed in late March by a surprise cut from the Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries. The US Bureau of Labor Statistics reported the US unemployment rate remained at 3.5% as of March 31, 2023.

Foreign exchange rates can impact the valuations of our investments and liabilities that are denominated in currencies other than the US dollar. Relative to the US dollar, the euro appreciated 1.3% during the first quarter of 2023, after appreciating 9.2% in the fourth quarter of 2022. We generally undertake hedging activities to eliminate or mitigate foreign exchange currency risk.

Interest Rate Environment

Rates experienced a volatile start to 2023 as US 10-year Treasury yields rose through the start of March reaching 4.08% before declining to 3.48% at the end of the quarter. Given the Federal Reserve’s continued focus on curbing inflation and recessionary concerns, it is difficult to predict the level of interest rates and the shape of the yield curve.

Our investment portfolio consists predominantly of fixed maturity investments. See –Investment Portfolio. If prevailing interest rates were to rise, we believe the yield on our new investment purchases may also rise and our investment income from floating rate investments would increase, while the value of our existing investments may decline. If prevailing interest rates were to decline significantly, the yield on our new investment purchases may decline and our investment income from floating rate investments would decrease, while the value of our existing investments may increase.

We address interest rate risk through managing the duration of the liabilities we source with assets we acquire through ALM modeling. As part of our investment strategy, we purchase floating rate investments, which we expect would perform well in a rising interest rate environment and which we expect would underperform in a declining rate environment. As of March 31, 2023, our net invested asset portfolio included $41.7 billion of floating rate investments, or 20% of our net invested assets, and our net reserve liabilities included $14.5 billion of floating rate liabilities at notional, or 7% of our net invested assets, resulting in $27.2 billion of net floating rate assets, or 13% of our net invested assets.

If prevailing interest rates were to rise, we believe our products would be more attractive to consumers and our sales would likely increase. If prevailing interest rates were to decline, it is likely that our products would be less attractive to consumers and our sales would likely decrease. In periods of prolonged low interest rates, the net investment spread may be negatively impacted by reduced investment income to the extent that we are unable to adequately reduce policyholder crediting rates due to policyholder guarantees in the form of minimum crediting rates or otherwise due to market conditions. As of March 31, 2023, most of our products were deferred annuities with 19% of our FIAs at the minimum guarantees and 21% of our fixed rate annuities at the minimum crediting rates. As of March 31, 2023, minimum guarantees on all of our deferred annuities, including those with crediting rates already at their minimum guarantees, were, on average, greater than 180 basis points below the crediting rates on such deferred annuities, allowing us room to reduce rates before reaching the minimum guarantees. Our remaining liabilities are associated with immediate annuities, pension group annuity obligations, funding agreements and life contracts for which we have little to no discretionary ability to change the rates of interest payable to the respective policyholder or institution. A significant majority of our deferred annuity products have crediting rates that we may reset annually upon renewal, following the expiration of the current guaranteed period. While we have the contractual ability to lower these crediting rates to the guaranteed minimum levels, our willingness to do so may be limited by competitive pressures.

See Part I—Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risks in this report and Part II—Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risks in our 2022 Annual Report, which include a discussion regarding interest rate and other significant risks and our strategies for managing these risks.

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Discontinuation of certain IBORs (including LIBOR)

On December 31, 2021, most LIBOR settings (i.e., 24 out of 35, including 1-week and 2-month US Dollar (USD) LIBOR as well as all other non-USD LIBOR settings) ceased to be published. However, a few of the most widely used GBP and JPY LIBOR settings (i.e., 1-, 3- and 6- month GBP and JPY LIBOR settings) were deemed permanently unrepresentative, but continued to be published on a synthetic basis for the purpose of all legacy contracts (except for cleared derivatives). As of April 1, 2023, only the 3-month GBP LIBOR setting continues to be published on a synthetic basis. The remaining USD LIBOR settings (i.e., 1-, 3-, 6- and 12-month USD LIBOR settings) continue to be published, subject to limitations on use, but will cease or become unrepresentative on June 30, 2023. Similar to what occurred with the GBP and JPY settings noted above, on April 3, 2023, the UK Financial Conduct Authority (FCA) announced that it will continue to compel the IBA to publish the 1-, 3- and 6- month USD LIBOR settings on a synthetic basis after June 30, 2023 (until September 30, 2024) in order to provide for a more orderly transition of a small but material subset of contracts that will not be able to transition away from using USD LIBOR by June 30, 2023. A key focus of the FCA’s action is legacy USD LIBOR contracts that are not governed by US law. Similar developments have occurred with respect to other IBORs.

As a result of the expected discontinuation of certain IBORs, including LIBOR, regulators and market participants in various jurisdictions have been working to identify alternative reference rates that are compliant with the International Organization of Securities Commission’s standards for transaction-based benchmarks. In the US, the Alternative Reference Rates Committee (ARRC), a group of market and official sector participants, identified the Secured Overnight Financing Rate (SOFR) as its recommended alternative benchmark rate. Other alternative reference rates have been recommended in other jurisdictions (e.g., in the United Kingdom, the alternative benchmark rate for GBP LIBOR is the Sterling Overnight Interbank Average Rate).

The discontinuation of IBORs could have a significant impact on the financial markets and represents a material uncertainty to our business. In particular, to manage the uncertainty surrounding the discontinuation of LIBOR, we have established a LIBOR transition team and a transition plan. We have created an Executive Steering Committee composed of senior executives to coordinate and oversee the execution of our plan.

It is difficult to predict the full impact of the transition away from LIBOR on our contracts whose value is tied to LIBOR. The value or profitability of these contracts may be adversely affected.

As of March 31, 2023, we had contracts tied to LIBOR in the notional amounts set forth in the table below:

(In millions)			Total Exposure						Extending Beyond June 30, 2023
Investments			$	30,802					$	29,988
Product liabilities			4,642						4,143
Derivatives hedging product liabilities			9,914						6,407
Other derivatives			3,552						3,070
Other contracts			1,113						1,113
Total notional of contracts tied to LIBOR			$	50,023					$	44,721

Investments

As of March 31, 2023, our investments tied to LIBOR were in the following asset classes:

(In millions)			Total Exposure						Extending Beyond June 30, 2023
Multi-lateral arrangements
Corporates			$	619					$	619
RMBS			2,860						2,842
CMBS			702						687
CLO			15,346						15,248
ABS			5,811						5,786
Bank Loans			1,087						1,031
Total multi-lateral arrangements			26,425						26,213
Bi-lateral arrangements
CML			4,047						3,445
RML			330						330
Total bi-lateral arrangements			4,377						3,775
Total investments tied to LIBOR			$	30,802					$	29,988

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Of the total notional value of investment-related contracts, including our funds withheld investment-related contracts, tied to LIBOR extending beyond June 30, 2023, $26.2 billion or 87.4% relate to multi-lateral arrangements. These arrangements are typically characterized by a large, diverse set of unrelated holders, the majority or all of whom must consent to amendments to the terms of the underlying investment instrument. Generally, when the amendments concern a material term, such as the determination of interest, consent must be unanimous. Given the collective action issues inherent in such structures, such consent is typically impracticable and beyond our control. The existence and character of fallback provisions affected by the discontinuation of LIBOR vary widely from contract to contract. Many of our legacy contracts may not contemplate the permanent discontinuation of LIBOR and upon LIBOR’s discontinuation may result in the conversion of the instrument from a floating- to a fixed-rate instrument or may involve a significant degree of uncertainty as to the method of determining interest. To the extent that such legacy arrangements do not contemplate the permanent discontinuation of LIBOR, we will most likely look to some broad-based solution, such as the US federal LIBOR transition law and related rule(s) issued by the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System, or, if applicable, the New York LIBOR transition law, to address such deficiency. To the extent that such a solution is ineffective, for example as a result of being ruled unconstitutional, we would likely be required to undertake a re-evaluation of affected investments, which might result in the disposition of individual positions and a realized loss in value due to any such deficiency or other market factors. To the extent that individual positions are retained, we may incur adverse financial consequences, including any mark-to-market impacts resulting from those investments that convert from a floating to a fixed rate. To the extent that the fallback rates ultimately used to determine interest payable on structured securities do not align with the fallback rates used to determine interest payable on the underlying assets, economic losses could be sustained on the overall structure.

The remaining notional value of investment-related contracts tied to LIBOR extending beyond June 30, 2023 of $3.8 billion, or 12.6%, relates to bi-lateral arrangements that are capable of being amended through negotiation with the relevant counterparty.

As our investment manager, Apollo maintains the documentation associated with the assets in our investment portfolio. We are therefore dependent upon Apollo for the successful completion of our LIBOR transition efforts relating to our investment portfolio. See Part I–Item 1A. Risk Factors–Risks Relating to Our Business Operations–Changes to the method of determining the LIBOR or the selection of a replacement for LIBOR may affect the value of investments held by or due to us and could affect our results of operations and financial results included in our 2022 Annual Report. Apollo’s failure to fulfill its responsibilities could have an adverse impact on our results of operations and ability to timely report accurate financial information.

Product Liabilities and Associated Hedging Instruments

As of March 31, 2023, we had product liabilities with a notional value of approximately $4.6 billion for which LIBOR is a component in the determination of interest credited, of which we expect $4.1 billion to have a current crediting term that extends beyond June 30, 2023. For purposes of evaluating our exposure to LIBOR, we only consider our exposure to the current crediting term, which is typically one to two years. Upon renewal of the crediting term, we have the ability to migrate policyholders into new strategies not involving LIBOR. Generally, there are two categories of indices that use LIBOR in the determination of interest credited, “excess return” indices (return of index in excess of LIBOR) and indices that use LIBOR as a means to control volatility. The indices to which these products are tied are primarily proprietary indices for which key inputs are determined by the index sponsor. The index sponsor generally has the right to unilaterally change the reference rate upon the discontinuation of LIBOR. As a result, we do not anticipate any administrative concerns in connection with the transition from LIBOR to a replacement rate with respect to these products.

As of March 31, 2023, we held derivatives with a notional value of approximately $9.9 billion to hedge our exposure to these product liabilities, of which we expect $6.4 billion to extend beyond June 30, 2023. Included within this category are $5.2 billion of Eurodollar futures, of which we expect $2.2 billion to extend beyond June 30, 2023. Exchange traded products, such as Eurodollar futures, will follow the CME Group Inc.’s approach regarding the discontinuation of LIBOR, which may be different than the approach taken with respect to the product liability by the relevant index sponsor, and expose us to potential basis mismatch. The remaining derivatives in this category are primarily purchased to hedge the current crediting period. We will be required to purchase new derivatives in future periods to hedge future crediting periods associated with the related existing product liabilities, which will expose us to potential basis mismatch to the extent that the reference rate for the product liability is not the same as the reference rate for the derivative instrument. These derivatives are entered into pursuant to ISDA Master Agreements and will transition to SOFR in accordance with the process described below under the caption Other Derivatives.

Other Derivatives

Our other derivative contracts tied to LIBOR are generally entered into pursuant to ISDA Master Agreements. ISDA published the ISDA 2020 IBOR Fallbacks Protocol (Protocol) and released Supplement 70 to the 2006 ISDA Definitions (Supplement) on October 23, 2020. The Protocol and Supplement include appropriate fallbacks that contemplate the permanent discontinuation of LIBOR and certain other IBORs. In January 2021, we joined industry peers by adhering to the Protocol and terms of the Supplement, each of which became effective on January 25, 2021. With respect to future transactions, we anticipate adoption of the 2021 ISDA Interest Rate Definitions, which also include appropriate fallbacks that contemplate the permanent discontinuation of LIBOR and certain other IBORs. To the extent that the fallbacks incorporated into our other derivative contracts result in the use of a replacement rate that differs from that employed in the contract being hedged, we may experience basis mismatch. In connection with the publication of the Protocol, ISDA also published templates for possible bilateral amendments to legacy contracts (including derivatives contracts) for situations in which the parties elect not to utilize the fallbacks contemplated by the Protocol and instead negotiate their own fallback provisions to avoid potential basis risk. We intend to evaluate whether and the extent to which we are subject to such basis risk, as well as the possibility of using the available bilateral templates to mitigate such risk.

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Other Contracts and Other Sources of Exposure

The “Other Contracts” category is comprised of our LIBOR-based floating rate funding agreement, fixed-to-float Series A preference shares, and our revolving credit agreement, if any amounts were to be outstanding, all of which contemplate the permanent discontinuation of LIBOR. These agreements are tied to LIBOR in a manner that is not expected to have a significant impact upon LIBOR’s discontinuation or have fallback provisions in place that provide for the determination of interest after the discontinuation of LIBOR. In addition to the other contracts for which we have quantified our exposure, we are party to contracts that are tied to LIBOR based upon the occurrence of some remote contingency, such as the accrual of penalty interest, or for which LIBOR is otherwise not a material term of the contract. These contracts do not lend themselves to quantification but are in the process of being addressed as part of our LIBOR remediation efforts. Finally, LIBOR is used as a component in our internal derivative valuation models. We are in the process of transitioning the benchmark yield curve in such models from LIBOR to SOFR and we expect to complete the transition prior to the discontinuation of LIBOR. Such transition may affect the valuation of our derivative instruments.

We can provide no assurance that we will be successful at fully implementing our plan prior to the discontinuation of LIBOR. Completion of certain components of our plan are contingent upon market developments and are therefore not fully within our control. To the extent management effort and attention is focused on other matters, the timely completion of our plan could become more difficult. Failure to fully implement our plan prior to the discontinuation of LIBOR may have a material adverse effect on our business, financial position, results of operations and cash flows and on our ability to timely report accurate financial information.

Demographics

Over the next four decades, the retirement-age population is expected to experience unprecedented growth. Technological advances and improvements in healthcare are projected to continue to contribute to increasing average life expectancy, and aging individuals must be prepared to fund retirement periods that will last longer than ever before. Further, many working households in the US do not have adequate retirement savings. As a tool for addressing the unmet need for retirement planning, we believe that many Americans have begun to look to tax-efficient savings products with low-risk or guaranteed return features and potential equity market upside. Our tax-efficient savings products are well positioned to meet this increasing customer demand.

Competition

We operate in highly competitive markets. We face a variety of large and small industry participants, including diversified financial institutions, insurance and reinsurance companies and private equity firms. These companies compete in one form or another for the growing pool of retirement assets driven by a number of external factors such as the continued aging of the population and the reduction in safety nets provided by governments and private employers. In the markets in which we operate, scale and the ability to provide value-added services and build long-term relationships are important factors to compete effectively. We believe that our leading presence in the retirement market, diverse range of capabilities and broad distribution network uniquely position us to effectively serve consumers’ increasing demand for retirement solutions, particularly in the FIA market.

According to LIMRA, total fixed annuity market sales in the US were $209.9 billion for the year ended December 31, 2022, a 62.4% increase from the same time period in 2021, as higher interest rates spurred continued growth in the US annuity market. In the total fixed annuity market, for the year ended December 31, 2022 (the most recent period for which specific market share data is available), we were the largest provider of fixed annuities based on sales of $19.8 billion, translating to a 9.4% market share. For the year ended December 31, 2021, our market share was 6.4% with sales of $8.3 billion.

According to LIMRA, total fixed-indexed annuity market sales in the US were $79.8 billion for the year ended December 31, 2022, a 25.3% increase from the same time period in 2021. For the year ended December 31, 2022 (the most recent period for which specific market share data is available), we were the largest provider of FIAs based on sales of $10.1 billion, and our market share for the same period was 12.6%. For the year ended December 31, 2021, we were the largest provider of FIAs based on sales of $7.7 billion, translating to a 12.1% market share.

According to LIMRA, total registered indexed linked annuity (RILA) market sales in the US were $41.1 billion for the year ended December 31, 2022, a 6.1% increase from the same time period in 2021. For the year ended December 31, 2022 (the most recent period for which specific market share data is available), we were the eleventh largest provider of RILAs based on sales of $903 million, and our market share for the same period was 2.2%. For the year ended December 31, 2021, we were the ninth largest provider of RILAs based on sales of $566 million, translating to a 1.5% market share. We believe RILAs represent a significant growth opportunity for Athene.

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Key Operating and Non-GAAP Measures

In addition to our results presented in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (US GAAP), we present certain financial information that includes non-GAAP measures. Management believes the use of these non-GAAP measures, together with the relevant US GAAP measures, provides information that may enhance an investor’s understanding of our results of operations and the underlying profitability drivers of our business. The majority of these non-GAAP measures are intended to remove from the results of operations the impact of market volatility (other than with respect to alternative investments) as well as integration, restructuring and certain other expenses which are not part of our underlying profitability drivers, as such items fluctuate from period to period in a manner inconsistent with these drivers. These measures should be considered supplementary to our results in accordance with US GAAP and should not be viewed as a substitute for the corresponding US GAAP measures. See Non-GAAP Measure Reconciliations for the appropriate reconciliations to the most directly comparable US GAAP measures.

Spread Related Earnings (SRE)

Spread related earnings is a pre-tax non-GAAP measure used to evaluate our financial performance excluding market volatility and expenses related to integration, restructuring, stock compensation and other expenses. Our spread related earnings equals net income (loss) available to AHL common shareholder adjusted to eliminate the impact of the following:

•Investment Gains (Losses), Net of Offsets—Consists of the realized gains and losses on the sale of AFS securities, the change in fair value of reinsurance assets, unrealized gains and losses, changes in the credit loss allowance, and other investment gains and losses. Unrealized, allowances and other investment gains and losses are comprised of the fair value adjustments of trading securities (other than CLOs) and mortgage loans, investments held under the fair value option, derivative gains and losses not hedging FIA index credits, and the change in credit loss allowances recognized in operations net of the change in AmerUs Closed Block fair value reserve related to the corresponding change in fair value of investments. The change in fair value of our investment in Apollo was included in prior years. Investment gains and losses are net of offsets related to the market value adjustments (MVA) associated with surrenders or terminations of contracts.

•Non-operating Change in Insurance Liabilities and Related Derivatives

•Change in Fair Values of Derivatives and Embedded Derivatives – FIAs—Consists of impacts related to the fair value accounting for derivatives hedging the FIA index credits and the related embedded derivative liability fluctuations from period to period. The index reserve is measured at fair value for the current period and all periods beyond the current policyholder index term. However, the FIA hedging derivatives are purchased to hedge only the current index period. Upon policyholder renewal at the end of the period, new FIA hedging derivatives are purchased to align with the new term. The difference in duration between the FIA hedging derivatives and the index credit reserves creates a timing difference in earnings. This timing difference of the FIA hedging derivatives and index credit reserves is included as a non-operating adjustment.

We primarily hedge with options that align with the index terms of our FIA products (typically 1–2 years). On an economic basis, we believe this is suitable because policyholder accounts are credited with index performance at the end of each index term. However, because the term of an embedded derivative in an FIA contract is longer-dated, there is a duration mismatch which may lead to mismatches for accounting purposes.

•Non-operating Change in Funding Agreements—Consists of timing differences caused by changes to interest rates on variable funding agreements and funding agreement backed notes and the associated reserve accretion patterns of those contracts. Further included are adjustments for gains associated with our repurchases of funding agreement backed notes.

•Change in Fair Value of Market Risk Benefits—Consists primarily of volatility in capital market inputs used in the measurement at fair value of our market risk benefits, including certain impacts from changes in interest rates, equity returns and implied equity volatilities.

•Non-operating Change in Liability for Future Policy Benefits—Consists of the non-economic loss incurred at issuance for certain pension group annuities and other payout annuities with life contingencies when valuation interest rates prescribed by US GAAP are lower than the net investment earned rates, adjusted for profit, assumed in pricing. For such contracts with non-economic US GAAP losses, the SRE reserve accretes interest using an imputed discount rate that produces zero gain or loss at issuance.

•Integration, Restructuring, and Other Non-operating Expenses—Consists of restructuring and integration expenses related to acquisitions and block reinsurance costs as well as certain other expenses, which are not predictable or related to our underlying profitability drivers.

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•Stock Compensation Expense—Consists of stock compensation expenses associated with our share incentive plans, including long-term incentive expenses, which are not related to our underlying profitability drivers and fluctuate from time to time due to the structure of our plans.

•Income Tax (Expense) Benefit—Consists of the income tax effect of all income statement adjustments, including our Apollo investment in prior years, and is computed by applying the appropriate jurisdiction’s tax rate to all adjustments subject to income tax.

We consider these adjustments to be meaningful adjustments to net income (loss) available to AHL common shareholder for the reasons discussed in greater detail above. Accordingly, we believe using a measure which excludes the impact of these items is useful in analyzing our business performance and the trends in our results of operations. Together with net income (loss) available to AHL common shareholder, we believe spread related earnings provides a meaningful financial metric that helps investors understand our underlying results and profitability. Spread related earnings should not be used as a substitute for net income (loss) available to AHL common shareholder.

Adjusted Debt to Capital Ratio

Adjusted debt to capital ratio is a non-GAAP measure used to evaluate our capital structure excluding the impacts of AOCI and the cumulative changes in fair value of funds withheld and modco reinsurance assets as well as mortgage loan assets, net of tax. Adjusted debt to capital ratio is calculated as total debt at notional value divided by adjusted capitalization. Adjusted capitalization includes our adjusted AHL common shareholder’s equity, preferred stock and the notional value of our debt. Adjusted AHL common shareholder’s equity is calculated as the ending AHL shareholders’ equity excluding AOCI, the cumulative changes in fair value of funds withheld and modco reinsurance assets and mortgage loan assets as well as preferred stock. These adjustments fluctuate period to period in a manner inconsistent with our underlying profitability drivers as the majority of such fluctuation is related to the market volatility of the unrealized gains and losses associated with our AFS securities. Except with respect to reinvestment activity relating to acquired blocks of businesses, we typically buy and hold AFS investments to maturity throughout the duration of market fluctuations, therefore, the period-over-period impacts in unrealized gains and losses are not necessarily indicative of current operating fundamentals or future performance. Adjusted debt to capital ratio should not be used as a substitute for the debt to capital ratio. However, we believe the adjustments to shareholders’ equity are significant to gaining an understanding of our capitalization, debt utilization and debt capacity.

Net Investment Spread and Other Operating Expenses

    

Net investment spread is a key measure of profitability. Net investment spread measures our investment performance plus our strategic capital management fees, less our total cost of funds. Net investment earned rate is a key measure of our investment performance while cost of funds is a key measure of the cost of our policyholder benefits and liabilities. Strategic capital management fees consist of management fees received by us for business managed for others, primarily the non-controlling interest portion of Athene’s business ceded to ACRA.

Net investment earned rate is a non-GAAP measure we use to evaluate the performance of our net invested assets that does not correspond to US GAAP net investment income. Net investment earned rate is computed as the income from our net invested assets divided by the average net invested assets, for the relevant period. To enhance the ability to analyze these measures across periods, interim periods are annualized. The adjustments to net investment income to arrive at our net investment earned rate add (a) alternative investment gains and losses, (b) gains and losses related to trading securities for CLOs, (c) net VIE impacts (revenues, expenses and noncontrolling interest), (d) forward points gains and losses on foreign exchange derivative hedges and (e) the change in fair value of reinsurance assets, and removes the proportionate share of the ACRA net investment income associated with the ACRA noncontrolling interest. The gain or loss on our investment in Apollo was removed in prior years. We include the income and assets supporting our change in fair value of reinsurance assets by evaluating the underlying investments of the funds withheld at interest receivables and we include the net investment income from those underlying investments which does not correspond to the US GAAP presentation of change in fair value of reinsurance assets. We exclude the income and assets supporting business that we have exited through ceded reinsurance including funds withheld agreements. We believe the adjustments for reinsurance provide a net investment earned rate on the assets for which we have economic exposure.

Cost of funds includes liability costs related to cost of crediting on both deferred annuities and institutional products as well as other liability costs, but does not include the proportionate share of the ACRA cost of funds associated with the noncontrolling interest. Cost of crediting on deferred annuities is the interest credited to the policyholders on our fixed strategies as well as the option costs on the indexed annuity strategies. With respect to FIAs, the cost of providing index credits includes the expenses incurred to fund the annual index credits, and where applicable, minimum guaranteed interest credited. Cost of crediting on institutional products is comprised of (1) pension group annuity costs, including interest credited, benefit payments and other reserve changes, net of premiums received when issued, and (2) funding agreement costs, including the interest payments and other reserve changes. Other liability costs include DAC, DSI and VOBA amortization, certain market risk benefit costs, the cost of liabilities on products other than deferred annuities and institutional products, premiums and certain product charges and other revenues. We exclude the costs related to business that we have exited through ceded reinsurance transactions. Cost of funds is computed as the total liability costs divided by the average net invested assets, for the relevant period. To enhance the ability to analyze these measures across periods, interim periods are annualized. We believe a measure like cost of funds is useful in analyzing the trends of our core business operations and profitability. While we believe cost of funds is a meaningful financial metric and enhances our understanding of the underlying profitability drivers of our business, it should not be used as a substitute for total benefits and expenses presented under US GAAP.

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Net investment earned rate, cost of funds, and net investment spread are non-GAAP measures we use to evaluate the profitability of our business. We believe these metrics are useful in analyzing the trends of our business operations, profitability and pricing discipline. While we believe each of these metrics are meaningful financial metrics and enhance our understanding of the underlying profitability drivers of our business, they should not be used as a substitute for net investment income or total benefits and expenses presented under US GAAP.

Other operating expenses excludes integration, restructuring and other non-operating expenses, stock compensation and long-term incentive plan expenses, interest expense and policy acquisition expenses. We believe a measure like other operating expenses is useful in analyzing the trends of our core business operations and profitability. While we believe other operating expenses is a meaningful financial metric and enhances our understanding of the underlying profitability drivers of our business, it should not be used as a substitute for policy and other operating expenses presented under US GAAP.

Net Invested Assets

In managing our business, we analyze net invested assets, which does not correspond to total investments, including investments in related parties, as disclosed in our consolidated financial statements and notes thereto. Net invested assets represent the investments that directly back our net reserve liabilities as well as surplus assets. Net invested assets is used in the computation of net investment earned rate, which allows us to analyze the profitability of our investment portfolio. Net invested assets includes (a) total investments on the consolidated balance sheet, with AFS securities at cost or amortized cost, excluding derivatives, (b) cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash, (c) investments in related parties, (d) accrued investment income, (e) VIE and VOE assets, liabilities and noncontrolling interest adjustments, (f) net investment payables and receivables, (g) policy loans ceded (which offset the direct policy loans in total investments) and (h) an adjustment for the allowance for credit losses. Net invested assets excludes assets associated with funds withheld liabilities related to business exited through reinsurance agreements and derivative collateral (offsetting the related cash positions). We include the underlying investments supporting our assumed funds withheld and modco agreements in our net invested assets calculation in order to match the assets with the income received. We believe the adjustments for reinsurance provide a view of the assets for which we have economic exposure. Net invested assets includes our proportionate share of ACRA investments, based on our economic ownership, but does not include the proportionate share of investments associated with the noncontrolling interest. Our net invested assets are averaged over the number of quarters in the relevant period to compute our net investment earned rate for such period. While we believe net invested assets is a meaningful financial metric and enhances our understanding of the underlying drivers of our investment portfolio, it should not be used as a substitute for total investments, including related parties, presented under US GAAP.

Net Reserve Liabilities

In managing our business, we also analyze net reserve liabilities, which does not correspond to total liabilities as disclosed in our consolidated financial statements and notes thereto. Net reserve liabilities represent our policyholder liability obligations net of reinsurance and is used to analyze the costs of our liabilities. Net reserve liabilities include (a) interest sensitive contract liabilities, (b) future policy benefits, (c) net market risk benefits, (d) long-term repurchase obligations, (e) dividends payable to policyholders and (f) other policy claims and benefits, offset by reinsurance recoverable, excluding policy loans ceded. Net reserve liabilities include our proportionate share of ACRA reserve liabilities, based on our economic ownership, but do not include the proportionate share of reserve liabilities associated with the noncontrolling interest. Net reserve liabilities is net of the ceded liabilities to third-party reinsurers as the costs of the liabilities are passed to such reinsurers and, therefore, we have no net economic exposure to such liabilities, assuming our reinsurance counterparties perform under our agreements. The majority of our ceded reinsurance is a result of reinsuring large blocks of life business following acquisitions. For such transactions, US GAAP requires the ceded liabilities and related reinsurance recoverables to continue to be recorded in our consolidated financial statements despite the transfer of economic risk to the counterparty in connection with the reinsurance transaction. While we believe net reserve liabilities is a meaningful financial metric and enhances our understanding of the underlying profitability drivers of our business, it should not be used as a substitute for total liabilities presented under US GAAP.

Sales

Sales statistics do not correspond to revenues under US GAAP but are used as relevant measures to understand our business performance as it relates to inflows generated during a specific period of time. Our sales statistics include inflows for fixed rate annuities and FIAs and align with the LIMRA definition of all money paid into an individual annuity, including money paid into new contracts with initial purchase occurring in the specified period and existing contracts with initial purchase occurring prior to the specified period (excluding internal transfers). We believe sales is a meaningful metric that enhances our understanding of our business performance and is not the same as premiums presented in our condensed consolidated statements of income (loss).

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Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

Results of Operations

We completed our merger with AGM on January 1, 2022 and elected pushdown accounting in which we used AGM’s basis of accounting that reflects the fair market value of our assets and liabilities as of the date of the merger. We adopted LDTI as of January 1, 2023 and, for all provisions of the update, applied a retrospective transition approach using a transition date of January 1, 2022, the date of our merger with AGM. All 2022 periods presented herein have been retrospectively adjusted to reflect the adoption of LDTI as of January 1, 2022.

The following summarizes the condensed consolidated results of operations:

			Three months ended March 31,
(In millions)			2023						2022
Revenues			$	4,060					$	(281)
Benefits and expenses			2,674						1,899
Income (loss) before income taxes			1,386						(2,180)
Income tax expense (benefit)			163						(284)
Net income (loss)			1,223						(1,896)
Less: Net income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interests			455						(881)
Net income (loss) attributable to Athene Holding Ltd.			768						(1,015)
Less: Preferred stock dividends			47						35
Net income (loss) available to AHL common shareholder			$	721					$	(1,050)

Three Months Ended March 31, 2023 Compared to the Three Months Ended March 31, 2022

In this section, references to 2023 refer to the three months ended March 31, 2023 and references to 2022 refer to the three months ended March 31, 2022.

Net Income (Loss) Available to AHL Common Shareholder

Net income (loss) available to AHL common shareholder increased by $1.8 billion, or 169%, to $721 million in 2023 from $(1.1) billion in 2022. The increase in net income (loss) available to AHL common shareholder was driven by a $4.3 billion increase in revenues, partially offset by a $1.3 billion increase in noncontrolling interests, $775 million increase in benefits and expenses, and a $447 million increase in income tax expense.

Revenues

Revenues increased by $4.3 billion to $4.1 billion in 2023 from $(281) million in 2022. The increase was driven by an increase in investment related gains (losses), an increase in net investment income and an increase in VIE investment related gains (losses), partially offset by a decrease in premiums.

Investment related gains (losses) increased by $5.3 billion to $1.1 billion in 2023 from $(4.2) billion in 2022, primarily due to the changes in the fair value of reinsurance assets, FIA hedging derivatives, mortgage loans and trading securities, realized gains on AFS securities compared to realized losses in the prior year and a decrease in the provision for credit losses, partially offset by foreign exchange losses on derivatives. The change in fair value of reinsurance assets increased $3.1 billion, the change in fair value of mortgage loans increased $1.1 billion and the change in fair value of trading securities increased $271 million primarily driven by a decrease in US Treasury rates and credit spread tightening in the current year compared to a significant increase in US Treasury rates and credit spread widening in the prior year. The change in fair value of FIA hedging derivatives increased $1.1 billion primarily driven by the favorable performance of the indices upon which our call options are based. The largest percentage of our call options are based on the S&P 500 index, which increased 7.0% in 2023, compared to a decrease of 4.9% in 2022. The favorable change in realized gains and losses on AFS securities of $386 million was primarily related to foreign exchange impacts as foreign currencies strengthened against the US dollar in comparison to the prior year. The favorable change in the provision for credit losses of $126 million was primarily due to unfavorable economics in the prior year, including impacts from the conflict between Russia and Ukraine and exposure to China’s real estate market. The increase in foreign exchange losses on derivatives reflects foreign currencies having strengthened against the US dollar in comparison to the prior year.

Net investment income increased by $724 million to $2.4 billion in 2023 from $1.7 billion in 2022, primarily driven by growth in our investment portfolio attributed to strong net flows during the previous twelve months as well as higher floating rate income and higher new money rates related to higher short-term interest rates. These increases were partially offset by a decrease in alternative income due to less favorable alternative investment performance, the transfer, beginning in the second quarter of 2022, of a significant portion of our alternative investments to AAA, a consolidated VIE, and higher investment management fees driven by the strong growth in our investment portfolio.

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VIE investment related gains (losses) increased by $243 million to $201 million in 2023 from $(42) million in 2022, primarily driven by unrealized gains on assets transferred to AAA beginning in the second quarter of 2022 as well as a favorable change in the fair value of mortgage loans held in VIEs related to a decrease in US Treasury rates compared to an increase in the prior year.

Premiums decreased by $2.0 billion to $96 million in 2023 from $2.1 billion in 2022, primarily driven by a $1.9 billion decrease in pension group annuity premiums compared to the prior year.

Benefits and Expenses

Benefits and expenses increased by $775 million to $2.7 billion in 2023 from $1.9 billion in 2022. The increase was driven by an increase in interest sensitive contract benefits, an increase in market risk benefits remeasurement (gains) losses and an increase in policy and other operating expenses, partially offset by a decrease in future policy and other policy benefits.

Interest sensitive contract benefits increased by $1.4 billion to $1.3 billion in 2023 from $(99) million in 2022 primarily driven by an increase in the change in FIA fair value embedded derivatives of $1.5 billion, an increase in rates on deferred annuity issuances and existing floating rate funding agreements driven by the increase in US Treasury rates and growth in the block of business. The change in the FIA fair value embedded derivatives was primarily due to the performance of the equity indices to which our FIA policies are linked. The largest percentage of our FIA policies are linked to the S&P 500 index, which increased 7.0% in 2023, compared to a decrease of 4.9% in 2022. The change in the FIA fair value embedded derivatives was also driven by the unfavorable change in discount rates used in our embedded derivative calculations as the current year experienced a decrease in discount rates compared to an increase in discount rates in the prior year, partially offset by the impact of rates on policyholder projected benefits.

Market risk benefits remeasurement (gains) losses increased by $968 million to $346 million in 2023 from $(622) million in 2022, primarily driven by the unfavorable change in the fair value of market risk benefits. The change in fair value of market risk benefits increased $984 million compared to the prior year due to a decrease in the risk-free rate in the outer years of the curve. This was partially offset by a decrease of $73 million related to favorable equity market performance.

Policy and other operating expenses increased by $97 million to $435 million in 2023 from $338 million in 2022, primarily driven by an increase in interest expense related to floating rate long-term repurchase agreements, as rates increased throughout the prior year, the increase in issuances of short-term repurchase agreements during the current quarter and the issuance of debt in the fourth quarter of the prior year, as well as an increase in general operating expenses related to growth in the business.

Future policy and other policy benefits decreased by $1.7 billion to $466 million in 2023 from $2.2 billion in 2022, primarily driven by a $1.9 billion decrease in pension group annuity obligations, partially offset by an increase in the AmerUs Closed Block fair value liability. The change in the AmerUs Closed Block fair value liability was primarily due to unrealized gains on the underlying investments reflecting a decrease in US Treasury rates and credit spreads tightening in the current year compared to an increase in US Treasury rates and credit spreads widening in the prior year.

Taxes

Income tax expense (benefit) increased by $447 million to $163 million in 2023 from $(284) million in 2022. Our effective tax rate in the first quarter of 2023 was 12% compared to 13% in 2022. The income tax expense (benefit) for 2023 was calculated by applying the 21% US statutory rate to the income of our US and foreign subsidiaries (net of noncontrolling interests), and was primarily driven by the favorable changes in fair value of reinsurance assets, mortgage loans and net FIA derivatives, partially offset by the unfavorable change in fair value of market risk benefits.

Noncontrolling Interests

Noncontrolling interests increased by $1.3 billion to $455 million in 2023 from $(881) million in 2022, primarily due to the favorable change in fair value of reinsurance assets primarily driven by a decrease in US Treasury rates and credit spread tightening in the current year compared to a significant increase in US Treasury rates and credit spread widening in the prior year.

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Summary of Non-GAAP Earnings

The following summarizes our spread related earnings:

			Three months ended March 31,
(In millions)			2023						2022
Fixed income and other investment income			$	1,958					$	1,207
Alternative investment income			185						448
Net investment earnings			2,143						1,655
Strategic capital management fees			14						12
Cost of funds			(1,235)						(822)
Net investment spread			922						845
Other operating expenses			(126)						(109)
Interest and other financing costs			(109)						(62)
Spread related earnings			$	687					$	674

Three Months Ended March 31, 2023 Compared to the Three Months Ended March 31, 2022

Spread Related Earnings

SRE increased by $13 million, or 2%, to $687 million in 2023 from $674 million in 2022. The increase in SRE was driven by higher net investment earnings, largely offset by higher cost of funds and interest and other financing costs. Net investment earnings increased $488 million primarily driven by higher floating rate income, $20.2 billion of growth in our average net invested assets and higher new money rates, partially offset by less favorable alternative investment performance, primarily related to real estate funds and Challenger Life Company Limited (Challenger), compared to the prior year. Cost of funds increased $413 million primarily driven by higher rates on deferred annuity, funding agreement and pension group annuity issuances as well as an increase in rates on existing floating rate funding agreements and growth in the block of business. Interest and other financing costs increased $47 million due to the increase in issuances of short term repurchase agreements during the quarter, as well as interest expense and preferred stock dividends related to our debt and preferred stock issuances in the fourth quarter of the prior year.

Net Investment Spread

			Three months ended March 31,
			2023						2022
Fixed income and other investment earned rate			4.13		%				2.83		%
Alternative investment earned rate			6.12		%				16.61		%
Net investment earned rate			4.25		%				3.65		%
Strategic capital management fees			0.03		%				0.03		%
Cost of funds			2.45		%				1.81		%
Net investment spread			1.83		%				1.87		%

Net investment spread decreased 4 basis points to 1.83% in 2023 from 1.87% in 2022, driven by higher cost of funds, partially offset by a higher net investment earned rate.

Net investment earned rate increased 60 basis points to 4.25% in 2023 from 3.65% in 2022, primarily due to higher returns in our fixed income portfolio, partially offset by less favorable performance in our alternative investment portfolio. Fixed income and other net investment earned rate was 4.13% in 2023, an increase from 2.83% in 2022, primarily driven by higher floating rate income and higher new money rates. Alternative net investment earned rate was 6.12% in 2023, a decrease from 16.61% in 2022, primarily driven by lower returns on real estate funds related to lower home price appreciation in comparison to the prior year as well as a decrease in share price on our investment in Challenger.

Cost of funds increased by 64 basis points to 2.45% in 2023, from 1.81% in 2022, primarily driven by higher rates on deferred annuity, funding agreement and pension group annuity issuances as well as an increase in rates on existing floating rate funding agreements.

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Adjustments to Net Income (Loss) Available to Athene Holding Ltd. Common Shareholder

Adjustments to net income (loss) available to AHL common shareholder are comprised of investment gains (losses), net of offsets, non-operating change in insurance liabilities and related derivatives, integration, restructuring and other non-operating expenses and stock compensation expense. The increase in adjustments to net income (loss) available to AHL common shareholder compared to 2022 was primarily driven by the increase in investment related gains and (losses), partially offset by the decrease in non-operating change in insurance liabilities and related derivatives.

Investment related gains and (losses), net of offsets, were favorable $3.0 billion primarily due to the changes in fair value of reinsurance assets and mortgage loan assets as well as a decrease in the provision for credit losses. The favorable changes in fair value of reinsurance assets of $2.0 billion and mortgage loans of $1.0 billion were primarily due to a decrease in US Treasury rates and credit spread tightening in the current year compared to a significant increase in US Treasury rates and credit spread widening in the prior year. The favorable change in the provision for credit losses of $116 million (net of noncontrolling interests) was primarily due to unfavorable economics in the prior year, including impacts from the conflict between Russia and Ukraine and exposure to China’s real estate market.

Non-operating change in insurance liabilities and related derivatives was unfavorable $784 million due to the change in fair value of market risk benefits, partially offset by the favorable net change in FIA derivatives. The change in fair value of market risk benefits was primarily driven by a decrease in the risk-free rate in the outer years of the curve. The favorable change in net FIA derivatives was primarily due to the favorable performance of the equity indices to which our FIA policies are linked, primarily the S&P 500 index, which experienced an increase of 7.0% in 2023, compared to a decrease of 4.9% in 2022, as well as the unfavorable change in discount rates used in our embedded derivative calculations as the current year experienced a decrease in discount rates compared to an increase in discount rates in the prior year, partially offset by the impact of rates on policyholder projected benefits.

Investment Portfolio

We had consolidated investments, including related parties and VIEs, of $219.4 billion and $212.1 billion as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively. Our investment strategy seeks to achieve sustainable risk-adjusted returns through the disciplined management of our investment portfolio against our long-duration liabilities, coupled with the diversification of risk. The investment strategies utilized by our investment manager focuses primarily on a buy and hold asset allocation strategy that may be adjusted periodically in response to changing market conditions and the nature of our liability profile. Substantially all of our investment portfolio is managed by Apollo, which provides a full suite of services for our investment portfolio, including direct investment management, asset allocation, mergers and acquisition asset diligence, and certain operational support services, including investment compliance, tax, legal and risk management support. Our relationship with Apollo allows us to take advantage of our generally persistent liability profile by identifying investment opportunities with an emphasis on earning incremental yield by taking liquidity and complexity risk rather than assuming incremental credit risk. Apollo’s investment team and credit portfolio managers utilize their deep experience to assist us in sourcing and underwriting complex asset classes. Apollo has selected a diverse array of primarily high-grade fixed income assets including corporate bonds, structured securities and commercial and residential real estate loans, among others. We also maintain holdings in floating rate and less rate-sensitive instruments, including CLOs, non-agency RMBS and various types of structured products. In addition to our fixed income portfolio, we opportunistically allocate approximately 5% – 6% of our portfolio to alternative investments where we primarily focus on fixed income-like, cash flow-based investments.

Net investment income on the condensed consolidated statements of income (loss) included management fees under our investment management arrangements with Apollo. We incurred management fees, inclusive of base and sub-allocation fees, of $222 million and $186 million, respectively, during the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022. The total amounts we incurred, directly and indirectly, from Apollo and its affiliates were $303 million, and $299 million, respectively, for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022. Such amounts include (1) fees associated with investment management agreements, which exclude sub-advisory fees paid to ISG for the benefit of third-party sub-advisors but include fees charged by Apollo to third-party cedants with respect to assets supporting obligations reinsured to us (such fees directly reduce the settlement payments that we receive from the third-party cedant and, as such, we, as beneficiaries of the services performed, indirectly pay such fees), (2) fees associated with fund investments (including those fund investments held by AAA), which include management fees, carried interest (including unrealized but accrued carried interest fees) and other fees on Apollo-managed funds and our other alternative investments and (3) other fees resulting from shared services, advisory and other agreements with Apollo or its affiliates; net of fees incurred directly and indirectly attributable to ACRA 1, based upon the economic ownership of the noncontrolling interest in ACRA 1.

Our net invested assets, which are those that directly back our net reserve liabilities as well as surplus assets, were $206.7 billion and $196.5 billion as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively. Apollo’s knowledge of our funding structure and regulatory requirements allows it to design customized strategies and investments for our portfolio. Apollo manages our asset portfolio within the limits and constraints set forth in our Investment and Credit Risk Policy. Under this policy, we set limits on investments in our portfolio by asset class, such as corporate bonds, emerging markets securities, municipal bonds, non-agency RMBS, CMBS, CLOs, commercial mortgage whole loans and mezzanine loans and investment funds. We also set credit risk limits for exposure to a single issuer that vary based on the issuer’s ratings. Our strategic investments are also governed by our Strategic Investment Risk Policy which provides for special governance and risk management procedures for these transactions. In addition, our investment portfolio is constrained by its scenario-based capital ratio limit and its stressed liquidity limit.

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The following table presents the carrying values of our total investments including related parties and VIEs:

			March 31, 2023												December 31, 2022
(In millions, except percentages)			Carrying Value						Percent of Total						Carrying Value						Percent of Total
AFS securities, at fair value			$	106,713					48.6		%				$	102,404					48.3		%
Trading securities, at fair value			1,652						0.8		%				1,595						0.8		%
Equity securities			1,368						0.6		%				1,487						0.7		%
Mortgage loans, at fair value			29,949						13.6		%				27,454						12.9		%
Investment funds			77						—		%				79						—		%
Policy loans			339						0.2		%				347						0.2		%
Funds withheld at interest			31,084						14.2		%				32,880						15.5		%
Derivative assets			3,956						1.8		%				3,309						1.6		%
Short-term investments			627						0.3		%				2,160						1.0		%
Other investments			701						0.3		%				773						0.4		%
Total investments			176,466						80.4		%				172,488						81.4		%
Investments in related parties
AFS securities, at fair value			11,866						5.4		%				9,821						4.6		%
Trading securities, at fair value			885						0.4		%				878						0.4		%
Equity securities, at fair value			251						0.1		%				279						0.1		%
Mortgage loans, at fair value			1,324						0.6		%				1,302						0.6		%
Investment funds			1,595						0.7		%				1,569						0.7		%
Funds withheld at interest			9,462						4.3		%				9,808						4.6		%
Short-term investments			1,043						0.5		%				—						—		%
Other investments			338						0.2		%				303						0.2		%
Total related party investments			26,764						12.2		%				23,960						11.2		%
Total investments including related parties			203,230						92.6		%				196,448						92.6		%
Investments owned by consolidated VIEs
Trading securities, at fair value			1,069						0.5		%				1,063						0.5		%
Mortgage loans, at fair value			2,119						1.0		%				2,055						1.0		%
Investment funds, at fair value			12,880						5.9		%				12,480						5.9		%
Other investments, at fair value			99						—		%				101						—		%
Total investments owned by consolidated VIEs			16,167						7.4		%				15,699						7.4		%
Total investments including related parties and VIEs			$	219,397					100.0		%				$	212,147					100.0		%

The increase in our total investments, including related parties and VIEs, as of March 31, 2023 of $7.3 billion compared to December 31, 2022 was primarily driven by growth from gross organic inflows of $11.9 billion in excess of gross liability outflows of $6.9 billion, unrealized gains on AFS securities in the three months ended March 31, 2023 of $2.1 billion resulting from the decrease in US Treasury rates and credit spread tightening in the current year and the reinvestment of earnings.

Our investment portfolio consists largely of high quality fixed maturity securities, loans and short-term investments, as well as additional opportunistic holdings in investment funds and other instruments, including equity holdings. Fixed maturity securities and loans include publicly issued corporate bonds, government and other sovereign bonds, privately placed corporate bonds and loans, mortgage loans, CMBS, RMBS, CLOs, and ABS.

While the substantial majority of our investment portfolio has been allocated to corporate bonds and structured credit products, a key component of our investment strategy is the opportunistic acquisition of investment funds with attractive risk and return profiles. Our investment fund portfolio consists of funds or similar equity structures that employ various strategies including equity, hybrid and yield funds. We have a strong preference for assets that have some or all of the following characteristics, among others: (1) investments that constitute a direct investment or an investment in a fund with a high degree of co-investment; (2) investments with credit- or debt-like characteristics (for example, a stipulated maturity and par value), or alternatively, investments with reduced volatility when compared to pure equity; or (3) investments that we believe have less downside risk.

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We hold derivatives for economic hedging purposes to reduce our exposure to the cash flow variability of assets and liabilities, equity market risk, interest rate risk, credit risk and foreign exchange risk. Our primary use of derivative instruments relates to providing the income needed to fund the annual index credits on our FIA products. We primarily use fixed indexed options to economically hedge indexed annuity products that guarantee the return of principal to the policyholder and credit interest based on a percentage of the gain in a specific market index.

With respect to derivative positions, we transact with highly rated counterparties, and expect the counterparties to fulfill their obligations under the contracts. We generally use industry standard agreements and annexes with bilateral collateral provisions to further reduce counterparty credit exposure.

Related Party Investments

We hold investments in related party assets primarily comprised of AFS securities, trading securities, funds withheld at interest receivables, mortgage loans within our triple net lease investment, short-term investments, and investment funds, which primarily include investments over which Apollo can exercise influence. As of March 31, 2023, these investments totaled $37.7 billion, or 14.7% of our total assets. Related party AFS and trading securities primarily consist of structured securities for which Apollo is the manager of the underlying securitization vehicle and securities issued by Apollo direct origination platforms including Wheels Donlen and MidCap Financial. In each case, the underlying collateral, borrower or other credit party is generally unaffiliated with us. The funds withheld at interest related party amounts are comprised of the Venerable reinsurance portfolios, which are considered related party even though a significant majority of the underlying assets within the investment portfolios do not have a related party affiliation. Related party investment funds include strategic investments in direct origination platforms and insurance companies and investments in Apollo managed funds. Short-term investments include reverse repurchase agreements in Atlas Securitized Products Holdings LP (Atlas), which is owned by AAA.

A summary of our related party investments reflecting the nature of the affiliation is as follows:

			March 31, 2023												December 31, 2022
(In millions, except percentages)			Carrying Value						Percent of Total Assets						Carrying Value						Percent of Total Assets
Venerable funds withheld reinsurance portfolio			$	9,462					3.7		%				$	9,808					4.0		%
Securitizations of unaffiliated assets where Apollo is manager			14,111						5.5		%				11,141						4.5		%
Investments in Apollo funds			5,683						2.2		%				5,410						2.2		%
Strategic investments in Apollo direct origination platforms			5,866						2.3		%				5,509						2.2		%
Strategic investments in insurance companies			2,541						1.0		%				2,502						1.0		%
Other1			73						—		%				73						—		%
Total related party investments			$	37,736					14.7		%				$	34,443					13.9		%
1 Prior period was updated to include other investments considered related party.

As of March 31, 2023, a $9.5 billion funds withheld reinsurance asset with Venerable was included in our US GAAP related party assets. Venerable is a related party due to our minority equity investment in its holding company’s parent, VA Capital. For US GAAP, each funds withheld and modified coinsurance reinsurance portfolio is treated as one asset rather than reporting the underlying investments in the portfolio. For our non-GAAP measure of net invested assets, we provide visibility into the underlying assets within these reinsurance portfolios. The below table looks through to the underlying assets within our reinsurance portfolios to determine the related party status. As of March 31, 2023, $29.3 billion, or 14.2% of our total net invested assets were related party investments. Of these, approximately $17.6 billion, or 8.5% of our net invested assets were structured securities for which Apollo or an affiliated direct origination platform was the manager of the underlying securitization vehicle, but the underlying collateral, borrower or other credit party is generally unaffiliated with us. Related party investments in strategic affiliated companies or Apollo funds represented $11.6 billion, or 5.7% of our net invested assets.

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A summary of our related party net invested assets reflecting the nature of the affiliation is as follows:

			March 31, 2023												December 31, 2022
(In millions, except percentages)			Net Invested Asset Value						Percent of Net Invested Assets						Net Invested Asset Value						Percent of Net Invested Assets
Securitizations of unaffiliated assets where Apollo is manager			$	17,623					8.5		%				$	14,847					7.6		%
Investments in Apollo funds			4,455						2.2		%				5,521						2.8		%
Strategic investments in Apollo direct origination platforms			4,717						2.3		%				5,509						2.8		%
Strategic investments in insurance companies			2,432						1.2		%				2,391						1.2		%
Other1			56						—		%				59						—		%
Total related party net invested assets			$	29,283					14.2		%				$	28,327					14.4		%
1 Prior period was updated to include other investments considered related party.

AFS Securities

We invest in AFS securities and attempt to source investments that match our future cash flow needs. However, we may sell any of our investments in advance of maturity to timely satisfy our liabilities as they become due or in order to respond to a change in the credit profile or other characteristics of the particular investment.

AFS securities are carried at fair value, less allowances for expected credit losses, on our condensed consolidated balance sheets. Changes in fair value of our AFS securities are charged or credited to other comprehensive income, net of tax. All changes in the allowance for expected credit losses, whether due to passage of time, change in expected cash flows, or change in fair value are recorded through the provision for credit losses within investment related gains (losses) on the condensed consolidated statements of income (loss).

The distribution of our AFS securities, including related parties, by type is as follows:

			March 31, 2023
(In millions, except percentages)			Amortized Cost						Allowance for Credit Losses						Unrealized Gains						Unrealized Losses						Fair Value						Percent of Total
AFS securities
US government and agencies			$	3,327					$	—					$	6					$	(630)					$	2,703					2.3		%
US state, municipal and political subdivisions			1,215						—						—						(249)						966						0.8		%
Foreign governments			1,205						(27)						5						(261)						922						0.8		%
Corporate			75,348						(79)						167						(12,295)						63,141						53.2		%
CLO			18,643						(4)						134						(1,207)						17,566						14.8		%
ABS			11,696						(31)						31						(823)						10,873						9.2		%
CMBS			4,717						(5)						2						(524)						4,190						3.5		%
RMBS			7,050						(356)						197						(539)						6,352						5.4		%
Total AFS securities			123,201						(502)						542						(16,528)						106,713						90.0		%
AFS securities – related parties
Corporate			1,180						—						1						(54)						1,127						1.0		%
CLO			3,736						(1)						14						(236)						3,513						3.0		%
ABS			7,480						—						12						(266)						7,226						6.0		%
Total AFS securities – related parties			12,396						(1)						27						(556)						11,866						10.0		%
Total AFS securities including related parties			$	135,597					$	(503)					$	569					$	(17,084)					$	118,579					100.0		%

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			December 31, 2022
(In millions, except percentages)			Amortized Cost						Allowance for Credit Losses						Unrealized Gains						Unrealized Losses						Fair Value						Percent of Total
AFS securities
US government and agencies			$	3,333					$	—					$	—					$	(756)					$	2,577					2.3		%
US state, municipal and political subdivisions			1,218						—						—						(291)						927						0.8		%
Foreign governments			1,207						(27)						3						(276)						907						0.8		%
Corporate			74,644						(61)						92						(13,774)						60,901						54.3		%
CLO			17,722						(7)						115						(1,337)						16,493						14.7		%
ABS			11,447						(29)						15						(906)						10,527						9.4		%
CMBS			4,636						(5)						6						(479)						4,158						3.7		%
RMBS			6,775						(329)						64						(596)						5,914						5.3		%
Total AFS securities			120,982						(458)						295						(18,415)						102,404						91.3		%
AFS securities – related parties
Corporate			1,028						—						1						(47)						982						0.9		%
CLO			3,346						(1)						10						(276)						3,079						2.7		%
ABS			6,066						—						3						(309)						5,760						5.1		%
Total AFS securities – related parties			10,440						(1)						14						(632)						9,821						8.7		%
Total AFS securities including related parties			$	131,422					$	(459)					$	309					$	(19,047)					$	112,225					100.0		%

We maintain a diversified AFS portfolio of corporate fixed maturity securities across industries and issuers, and a diversified portfolio of structured securities. The composition of our AFS securities, including related parties, is as follows:

			March 31, 2023												December 31, 2022
(In millions, except percentages)			Fair Value						Percent of Total						Fair Value						Percent of Total
Corporate
Industrial other1,2			$	22,816					19.2		%				$	21,591					19.2		%
Financial2			21,141						17.8		%				20,734						18.5		%
Utilities			13,673						11.5		%				13,100						11.7		%
Communication			3,238						2.7		%				3,097						2.8		%
Transportation			3,400						2.9		%				3,361						3.0		%
Total corporate			64,268						54.1		%				61,883						55.2		%
Other government-related securities
US state, municipal and political subdivisions			966						0.8		%				927						0.8		%
Foreign governments			922						0.8		%				907						0.8		%
US government and agencies			2,703						2.3		%				2,577						2.3		%
Total non-structured securities			68,859						58.0		%				66,294						59.1		%
Structured securities
CLO			21,079						17.8		%				19,572						17.4		%
ABS			18,099						15.3		%				16,287						14.5		%
CMBS			4,190						3.5		%				4,158						3.7		%
RMBS
Agency			12						—		%				12						—		%
Non-agency			6,340						5.4		%				5,902						5.3		%
Total structured securities			49,720						42.0		%				45,931						40.9		%
Total AFS securities including related parties			$	118,579					100.0		%				$	112,225					100.0		%
1 Includes securities within various industry segments including capital goods, basic industry, consumer cyclical, consumer non-cyclical, industrial and technology.
2 Prior period has been updated to reflect a reclassification between line items for comparability.

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The fair value of our AFS securities, including related parties, was $118.6 billion and $112.2 billion as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively. The increase was mainly driven by strong growth from organic inflows in excess of liability outflows, unrealized gains on AFS securities in the three months ended March 31, 2023 of $2.1 billion attributed to a decrease in US Treasury rates and credit spread tightening as well as reinvestment of earnings.

The Securities Valuation Office (SVO) of the NAIC is responsible for the credit quality assessment and valuation of securities owned by state regulated insurance companies. Insurance companies report ownership of securities to the SVO when such securities are eligible for filing on the relevant schedule of the NAIC Financial Statement. The SVO conducts credit analysis on these securities for the purpose of assigning an NAIC designation and/or unit price. Generally, the process for assigning an NAIC designation varies based upon whether a security is considered “filing exempt” (General Designation Process). Subject to certain exceptions, a security is typically considered “filing exempt” if it has been rated by a Nationally Recognized Statistical Rating Organization (NRSRO). For securities that are not “filing exempt,” insurance companies assign temporary designations based upon a subjective evaluation of credit quality. The insurance company generally must then submit the securities to the SVO within 120 days of acquisition to receive an NAIC designation. For securities considered “filing exempt,” the SVO utilizes the NRSRO rating and assigns an NAIC designation based upon the following system:

NAIC designation						NRSRO equivalent rating
1 A-G						AAA/AA/A
2 A-C						BBB
3 A-C						BB
4 A-C						B
5 A-C						CCC
6						CC and lower

An important exception to the General Designation Process occurs in the case of certain loan-backed and structured securities (LBaSS). The NRSRO ratings methodology is focused on the likelihood of recovery of all contractual payments, including principal at par, regardless of an investor’s carrying value. In effect, the NRSRO rating assumes that the holder is the original purchaser at par. In contrast, the SVO’s LBaSS methodology is focused on determining the risk associated with the recovery of the amortized cost of each security. Because the NAIC’s methodology explicitly considers amortized cost and the likelihood of recovery of such amount, we view the NAIC’s methodology as the most appropriate means of evaluating the credit quality of our fixed maturity portfolio since a large portion of our holdings were purchased and are carried at significant discounts to par.

The SVO has developed a designation process and provides instruction on modeled LBaSS. For modeled LBaSS, the process is specific to the non-agency RMBS and CMBS asset classes. To establish ratings at the individual security level, the SVO obtains loan-level analysis of each RMBS and CMBS using a selected vendor’s proprietary financial model. The SVO ensures that the vendor has extensive internal quality-control processes in place and the SVO conducts its own quality-control checks of the selected vendor’s valuation process. The SVO has retained the services of Blackrock, Inc. (Blackrock) to model non-agency RMBS and CMBS owned by US insurers for all years presented herein. Blackrock provides five prices (breakpoints), based on each US insurer’s statutory book value price, to utilize in determining the NAIC designation for each modeled LBaSS.

The NAIC designation determines the associated level of risk-based capital that an insurer is required to hold for all securities owned by the insurer. In general, under the modeled LBaSS process, the larger the discount to par value at the time of determination, the higher the NAIC designation the LBaSS will have.

A summary of our AFS securities, including related parties, by NAIC designation is as follows:

			March 31, 2023																		December 31, 2022
(In millions, except percentages)			Amortized Cost						Fair Value						Percent of Total						Amortized Cost						Fair Value						Percent of Total
NAIC designation
1 A-G			$	70,365					$	62,241					52.5		%				$	67,739					$	58,470					52.1		%
2 A-C			59,680						51,589						43.5		%				58,139						49,067						43.7		%
Total investment grade			130,045						113,830						96.0		%				125,878						107,537						95.8		%
3 A-C			3,723						3,292						2.8		%				3,813						3,302						3.0		%
4 A-C			1,098						913						0.7		%				1,103						925						0.8		%
5 A-C			249						203						0.2		%				237						190						0.2		%
6			482						341						0.3		%				391						271						0.2		%
Total below investment grade			5,552						4,749						4.0		%				5,544						4,688						4.2		%
Total AFS securities including related parties			$	135,597					$	118,579					100.0		%				$	131,422					$	112,225					100.0		%

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A significant majority of our AFS portfolio, 96.0% and 95.8% as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively, was invested in assets considered investment grade with an NAIC designation of 1 or 2.

A summary of our AFS securities, including related parties, by NRSRO ratings is set forth below:

			March 31, 2023												December 31, 2022
(In millions, except percentages)			Fair Value						Percent of Total						Fair Value						Percent of Total
NRSRO rating agency designation
AAA/AA/A			$	54,853					46.3		%				$	51,926					46.3		%
BBB			47,215						39.8		%				44,783						39.9		%
Non-rated1			9,675						8.1		%				8,985						8.0		%
Total investment grade			111,743						94.2		%				105,694						94.2		%
BB			3,271						2.8		%				3,176						2.8		%
B			814						0.7		%				749						0.7		%
CCC			1,068						0.9		%				1,055						0.9		%
CC and lower			774						0.6		%				584						0.5		%
Non-rated1			909						0.8		%				967						0.9		%
Total below investment grade			6,836						5.8		%				6,531						5.8		%
Total AFS securities including related parties			$	118,579					100.0		%				$	112,225					100.0		%
1 Securities denoted as non-rated by the NRSRO were classified as investment or non-investment grade according to the security’s respective NAIC designation. With respect to modeled LBaSS, the NAIC designation methodology differs in significant respects from the NRSRO rating methodology.

Consistent with the NAIC Process and Procedures Manual, an NRSRO rating was assigned based on the following criteria: (a) the equivalent S&P rating when the security is rated by one NRSRO; (b) the equivalent S&P rating of the lowest NRSRO when the security is rated by two NRSROs; and (c) the equivalent S&P rating of the second lowest NRSRO when the security is rated by three or more NRSROs. If the lowest two NRSRO ratings are equal, then such rating will be the assigned rating. NRSRO ratings available for the periods presented were S&P, Fitch, Moody’s Investor Service, DBRS, and Kroll Bond Rating Agency, Inc.

The portion of our AFS portfolio that was considered below investment grade based on NRSRO ratings was 5.8% as of each of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022. The primary driver of the difference in the percentage of securities considered below investment grade by NRSRO as compared to the securities considered below investment grade by the NAIC is the difference in methodologies between the NRSRO and NAIC for RMBS due to investments acquired and/or carried at a discount to par value, as discussed above.

As of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, non-rated securities were comprised 73% and 74%, respectively, of corporate private placement securities for which we have not sought individual ratings from an NRSRO, and 17% and 16%, respectively, of RMBS, many of which were acquired at a significant discount to par. We rely on internal analysis and designations assigned by the NAIC to evaluate the credit risk of our portfolio. As of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, 91% and 90%, respectively, of the non-rated securities were designated NAIC 1 or 2.

Asset-backed Securities – We invest in ABS which are securitized by pools of assets such as consumer loans, automobile loans, student loans, insurance-linked securities, operating cash flows of corporations and cash flows from various types of business equipment. Our ABS holdings were $18.1 billion and $16.3 billion as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively.

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A summary of our AFS ABS portfolio, including related parties, by NAIC designations and NRSRO quality ratings is as follows:

			March 31, 2023												December 31, 2022
(In millions, except percentages)			Fair Value						Percent of Total						Fair Value						Percent of Total
NAIC designation
1 A-G			$	10,397					57.3		%				$	9,681					59.4		%
2 A-C			6,923						38.3		%				5,912						36.3		%
Total investment grade			17,320						95.6		%				15,593						95.7		%
3 A-C			571						3.2		%				505						3.1		%
4 A-C			191						1.1		%				172						1.1		%
5 A-C			14						0.1		%				13						0.1		%
6			3						—		%				4						—		%
Total below investment grade			779						4.4		%				694						4.3		%
Total AFS ABS including related parties			$	18,099					100.0		%				$	16,287					100.0		%
NRSRO rating agency designation
AAA/AA/A			$	10,070					55.6		%				$	9,620					59.1		%
BBB			7,171						39.6		%				5,901						36.2		%
Non-rated1			79						0.4		%				73						0.4		%
Total investment grade			17,320						95.6		%				15,594						95.7		%
BB			571						3.2		%				505						3.1		%
B			191						1.1		%				172						1.1		%
CCC			14						0.1		%				13						0.1		%
CC and lower			3						—		%				3						—		%
Non-rated1			—						—		%				—						—		%
Total below investment grade			779						4.4		%				693						4.3		%
Total AFS ABS including related parties			$	18,099					100.0		%				$	16,287					100.0		%
1 Securities denoted as non-rated by the NRSRO were classified as investment or non-investment grade according to the security’s respective NAIC designations. The NAIC designation methodology differs in significant respects from the NRSRO rating methodology.

As of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, a substantial majority of our AFS ABS portfolio, 95.6% and 95.7%, respectively, was invested in assets considered to be investment grade based upon application of the NAIC’s methodology while 95.6% and 95.7%, respectively, of securities were considered investment grade based on NRSRO ratings. The increase in our ABS portfolio was mainly driven by the deployment of strong organic flows in the current year.

Collateralized Loan Obligations – We also invest in CLOs which pay principal and interest from cash flows received from underlying corporate loans. These holdings were $21.1 billion and $19.6 billion as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively.

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A summary of our AFS CLO portfolio, including related parties, by NAIC designations and NRSRO quality ratings is as follows:

			March 31, 2023												December 31, 2022
(In millions, except percentages)			Fair Value						Percent of Total						Fair Value						Percent of Total
NAIC designation
1 A-G			$	13,559					64.3		%				$	12,483					63.8		%
2 A-C			7,378						35.0		%				6,955						35.5		%
Total investment grade			20,937						99.3		%				19,438						99.3		%
3 A-C			124						0.6		%				116						0.6		%
4 A-C			18						0.1		%				18						0.1		%
5 A-C			—						—		%				—						—		%
6			—						—		%				—						—		%
Total below investment grade			142						0.7		%				134						0.7		%
Total AFS CLO including related parties			$	21,079					100.0		%				$	19,572					100.0		%
NRSRO rating agency designation
AAA/AA/A			$	13,559					64.3		%				$	12,483					63.8		%
BBB			7,378						35.0		%				6,955						35.5		%
Non-rated			—						—		%				—						—		%
Total investment grade			20,937						99.3		%				19,438						99.3		%
BB			124						0.6		%				116						0.6		%
B			18						0.1		%				18						0.1		%
CCC			—						—		%				—						—		%
CC and lower			—						—		%				—						—		%
Non-rated			—						—		%				—						—		%
Total below investment grade			142						0.7		%				134						0.7		%
Total AFS CLO including related parties			$	21,079					100.0		%				$	19,572					100.0		%

As of each of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, 99.3%, of our AFS CLO portfolio was invested in assets considered to be investment grade based upon application of the NAIC’s methodology. The increase in our CLO portfolio was mainly driven by the deployment of strong organic inflows in the current year as well as unrealized gains attributed to a decrease in US Treasury rates and credit spread tightening.

Commercial Mortgage-backed Securities – A portion of our AFS portfolio is invested in CMBS which are constructed from pools of commercial mortgages. These holdings were $4.2 billion as of each of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022.

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A summary of our AFS CMBS portfolio by NAIC designations and NRSRO quality ratings is as follows:

			March 31, 2023												December 31, 2022
(In millions, except percentages)			Fair Value						Percent of Total						Fair Value						Percent of Total
NAIC designation
1 A-G			$	3,168					75.5		%				$	3,114					74.9		%
2 A-C			675						16.1		%				695						16.7		%
Total investment grade			3,843						91.6		%				3,809						91.6		%
3 A-C			175						4.2		%				178						4.3		%
4 A-C			53						1.3		%				54						1.3		%
5 A-C			87						2.1		%				85						2.0		%
6			32						0.8		%				32						0.8		%
Total below investment grade			347						8.4		%				349						8.4		%
Total AFS CMBS			$	4,190					100.0		%				$	4,158					100.0		%
NRSRO rating agency designation
AAA/AA/A			$	2,285					54.5		%				$	2,326					55.9		%
BBB			655						15.6		%				642						15.5		%
Non-rated1			479						11.5		%				483						11.6		%
Total investment grade			3,419						81.6		%				3,451						83.0		%
BB			554						13.2		%				500						12.0		%
B			125						3.0		%				117						2.8		%
CCC			79						1.9		%				77						1.9		%
CC and lower			13						0.3		%				13						0.3		%
Non-rated1			—						—		%				—						—		%
Total below investment grade			771						18.4		%				707						17.0		%
Total AFS CMBS			$	4,190					100.0		%				$	4,158					100.0		%
1 Securities denoted as non-rated by the NRSRO were classified as investment or non-investment grade according to the security’s respective NAIC designations. The NAIC designation methodology differs in significant respects from the NRSRO rating methodology.

As of each of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, 91.6% of our AFS CMBS portfolio was invested in assets considered to be investment grade based upon application of the NAIC’s methodology, while 81.6% and 83.0%, as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively, of securities were considered investment grade based on NRSRO ratings.

Residential Mortgage-backed Securities – A portion of our AFS portfolio is invested in RMBS, which are securities constructed from pools of residential mortgages. These holdings were $6.4 billion and $5.9 billion as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively.

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A summary of our AFS RMBS portfolio by NAIC designations and NRSRO quality ratings is as follows:

			March 31, 2023												December 31, 2022
(In millions, except percentages)			Fair Value						Percent of Total						Fair Value						Percent of Total
NAIC designation
1 A-G			$	5,468					86.1		%				$	5,069					85.7		%
2 A-C			262						4.1		%				286						4.8		%
Total investment grade			5,730						90.2		%				5,355						90.5		%
3 A-C			284						4.5		%				304						5.2		%
4 A-C			211						3.3		%				185						3.1		%
5 A-C			79						1.2		%				67						1.1		%
6			48						0.8		%				3						0.1		%
Total below investment grade			622						9.8		%				559						9.5		%
Total AFS RMBS			$	6,352					100.0		%				$	5,914					100.0		%
NRSRO rating agency designation
AAA/AA/A			$	2,070					32.6		%				$	1,904					32.2		%
BBB			544						8.6		%				679						11.5		%
Non-rated1			1,455						22.9		%				1,301						22.0		%
Total investment grade			4,069						64.1		%				3,884						65.7		%
BB			107						1.7		%				97						1.6		%
B			119						1.9		%				112						1.9		%
CCC			972						15.3		%				960						16.2		%
CC and lower			739						11.6		%				542						9.2		%
Non-rated1			346						5.4		%				319						5.4		%
Total below investment grade			2,283						35.9		%				2,030						34.3		%
Total AFS RMBS			$	6,352					100.0		%				$	5,914					100.0		%
1 Securities denoted as non-rated by the NRSRO were classified as investment or non-investment grade according to the security’s respective NAIC designations. The NAIC designation methodology differs in significant respects from the NRSRO rating methodology.

A significant majority of our RMBS portfolio, 90.2% and 90.5% as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively, was invested in assets considered to be investment grade based upon an application of the NAIC designations. The NAIC’s methodology with respect to RMBS gives explicit effect to the amortized cost at which an insurance company carries each such investment. Because we invested in RMBS after the stresses related to US housing had caused significant downward pressure on prices of RMBS, we carry most of our investments in RMBS at significant discounts to par value, which results in an investment grade NAIC designation. In contrast, our understanding is that in setting ratings, NRSROs focus on the likelihood of recovering all contractual payments including principal at par value. As a result of this fundamental difference in approach, NRSRO characterized our RMBS portfolio to be 64.1% and 65.7% investment grade as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively.

Unrealized Losses

Our investments in AFS securities, including related parties, are reported at fair value with changes in fair value recorded in other comprehensive income. Certain of our AFS securities, including related parties, have experienced declines in fair value that we consider temporary in nature. These investments are held to support our product liabilities, and we currently have the intent and ability to hold these securities until recovery of the amortized cost basis prior to sale or maturity. As of March 31, 2023, our AFS securities, including related parties, had a fair value of $118.6 billion, which was 12.6% below amortized cost of $135.6 billion. As of December 31, 2022, our AFS securities, including related parties, had a fair value of $112.2 billion, which was 14.6% below amortized cost of $131.4 billion. Our fair value of AFS securities as of both March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022 were below amortized cost as the investment portfolio was marked to fair value on January 1, 2022 in conjunction with purchase accounting with subsequent losses driven by the increase in US Treasury rates and credit spread widening post-merger.

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The following tables reflect the unrealized losses on the AFS portfolio, including related parties, for which an allowance for credit losses has not been recorded, by NAIC designations:

			March 31, 2023
(In millions, except percentages)			Amortized Cost of AFS Securities with Unrealized Loss						Gross Unrealized Losses						Fair Value of AFS Securities with Unrealized Loss						Fair Value to Amortized Cost Ratio						Fair Value of Total AFS Securities						Gross Unrealized Losses to Total AFS Fair Value
NAIC designation
1 A-G			$	57,848					$	(7,898)					$	49,950					86.3		%				$	62,241					(12.7)		%
2 A-C			54,366						(8,069)						46,297						85.2		%				51,589						(15.6)		%
Total investment grade			112,214						(15,967)						96,247						85.8		%				113,830						(14.0)		%
3 A-C			3,053						(388)						2,665						87.3		%				3,292						(11.8)		%
4 A-C			708						(111)						597						84.3		%				913						(12.2)		%
5 A-C			143						(23)						120						83.9		%				203						(11.3)		%
6			197						(24)						173						87.8		%				341						(7.0)		%
Total below investment grade			4,101						(546)						3,555						86.7		%				4,749						(11.5)		%
Total			$	116,315					$	(16,513)					$	99,802					85.8		%				$	118,579					(13.9)		%

			December 31, 2022
(In millions, except percentages)			Amortized Cost of AFS Securities with Unrealized Loss						Gross Unrealized Losses						Fair Value of AFS Securities with Unrealized Loss						Fair Value to Amortized Cost Ratio						Fair Value of Total AFS Securities						Gross Unrealized Losses to Total AFS Fair Value
NAIC designation
1 A-G			$	58,030					$	(8,959)					$	49,071					84.6		%				$	58,470					(15.3)		%
2 A-C			54,616						(9,035)						45,581						83.5		%				49,067						(18.4)		%
Total investment grade			112,646						(17,994)						94,652						84.0		%				107,537						(16.7)		%
3 A-C			3,222						(455)						2,767						85.9		%				3,302						(13.8)		%
4 A-C			742						(101)						641						86.4		%				925						(10.9)		%
5 A-C			134						(25)						109						81.3		%				190						(13.2)		%
6			180						(18)						162						90.0		%				271						(6.6)		%
Total below investment grade			4,278						(599)						3,679						86.0		%				4,688						(12.8)		%
Total			$	116,924					$	(18,593)					$	98,331					84.1		%				$	112,225					(16.6)		%

The gross unrealized losses on AFS securities, including related parties, were $16.5 billion and $18.6 billion as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively. The decrease in unrealized losses on AFS securities was driven by the decrease in US Treasury rates and credit spread tightening experienced in the current year.

Provision for Credit Losses

For our credit loss accounting policies and the assumptions used in the allowances, see Note 1 – Business, Basis of Presentation and Significant Accounting Policies and Note 4 – Investments to the condensed consolidated financial statements.

As of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, we held an allowance for credit losses on AFS securities of $503 million and $459 million, respectively. During the three months ended March 31, 2023, we recorded an increase in provision for credit losses on AFS securities of $44 million, of which $19 million had an income statement impact and $25 million related to PCD securities and other changes. The increase in the allowance for credit losses on AFS securities was primarily related to impacts from the Silicon Valley Bank failure. During the three months ended March 31, 2022, we recorded an increase in provision for credit losses on AFS securities of $177 million of which $191 million had an income statement impact and $(14) million related to PCD securities and other changes. The increase in the allowance for credit losses was mainly due to unfavorable economics, including impacts from the conflict between Russia and Ukraine, as well as exposure to China’s real estate market. The intent-to-sell impairments for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022 were $41 million and $0 million, respectively. The increase in our intent-to-sell impairments was primarily driven by impacts from the Silicon Valley Bank failure.

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International Exposure

A portion of our AFS securities are invested in securities with international exposure. As of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, 35% and 36%, respectively, of the carrying value of our AFS securities, including related parties, was comprised of securities of issuers based outside of the US and debt securities of foreign governments. These securities are either denominated in US dollars or do not expose us to significant foreign currency risk as a result of foreign currency swap arrangements.

The following table presents our international exposure in our AFS portfolio, including related parties, by country or region of issuance:

			March 31, 2023																		December 31, 2022
(In millions, except percentages)			Amortized Cost						Fair Value						Percent of Total						Amortized Cost						Fair Value						Percent of Total
Country
Ireland			$	6,063					$	5,515					13.2		%				$	6,023					$	5,326					13.3		%
Other Europe			11,203						9,241						22.1		%				11,062						8,899						22.1		%
Total Europe			17,266						14,756						35.3		%				17,085						14,225						35.4		%
Non-US North America			21,476						19,877						47.6		%				20,599						18,936						47.1		%
Australia & New Zealand			3,065						2,641						6.3		%				2,933						2,494						6.2		%
Central & South America			1,693						1,439						3.4		%				1,704						1,443						3.6		%
Africa & Middle East			2,238						1,889						4.5		%				2,253						1,900						4.7		%
Asia/Pacific			1,528						1,196						2.9		%				1,535						1,192						3.0		%
Total			$	47,266					$	41,798					100.0		%				$	46,109					$	40,190					100.0		%

Approximately 97.6% and 97.3% of these securities are investment grade by NAIC designation as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively. As of March 31, 2023, 11% of our AFS securities, including related parties, were invested in CLOs of Cayman Islands issuers (included in Non-US North America) for which underlying investments are largely loans to US issuers and 25% were invested in securities of other non-US issuers.

The majority of our investments in Ireland are comprised of Euro denominated CLOs, for which the SPV is domiciled in Ireland, but the underlying leveraged loans involve borrowers from the broader European region.

As of March 31, 2023, we held Russian AFS securities of $31 million, including related parties. Our investment managers analyze each holding for credit risk by economic and other factors of each country and industry.

Trading Securities

Trading securities, including related parties and VIEs, were $3.6 billion and $3.5 billion as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively. Trading securities are primarily comprised of AmerUs Closed Block securities for which we have elected the fair value option valuation, CLO and ABS equity tranche securities, structured securities with embedded derivatives and investments which support various reinsurance arrangements. The increase in trading securities was primarily driven by unrealized gains related to a decrease in US Treasury rates and credit spread tightening.

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Mortgage Loans

The following is a summary of our mortgage loan portfolio by collateral type, including assets held by related parties and consolidated VIEs:

			March 31, 2023												December 31, 2022
(In millions, except percentages)			Fair Value						Percent of Total						Net Carrying Value						Percent of Total
Property type
Office building			$	4,535					13.6		%				$	4,651					15.1		%
Retail			1,450						4.4		%				1,454						4.7		%
Apartment			7,506						22.5		%				6,692						21.7		%
Hotels			1,873						5.6		%				1,855						6.1		%
Industrial			2,242						6.7		%				2,047						6.6		%
Other commercial1			3,417						10.2		%				3,409						11.1		%
Total commercial mortgage loans			21,023						63.0		%				20,108						65.3		%
Residential loans			12,369						37.0		%				10,703						34.7		%
Total mortgage loans, including related parties and VIEs			$	33,392					100.0		%				$	30,811					100.0		%
1 Other commercial loans include investments in nursing homes, other healthcare institutions, parking garages, storage facilities and other commercial properties.

We invest a portion of our investment portfolio in mortgage loans, which are generally comprised of high quality commercial first lien and mezzanine real estate loans. Our mortgage loan holdings, including related parties and consolidated VIEs, were $33.4 billion and $30.8 billion as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively. This included $1.7 billion of mezzanine mortgage loans as of each of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022. We have acquired mortgage loans through acquisitions and reinsurance arrangements, as well as through an active program to invest in new mortgage loans. We invest in CMLs on income producing properties including hotels, apartments, retail and office buildings, and other commercial and industrial properties. Our RML portfolio primarily consists of first lien RMLs collateralized by properties located in the US. Loan-to-value ratios at the time of loan approval are generally 75% or less.

In connection with the merger in prior year, we elected the fair value option on our mortgage loan portfolio; therefore, we no longer have an allowance for credit losses for commercial and residential loans. Interest income is accrued on the principal amount of the loan based on the loan’s contractual interest rate. Interest income and prepayment fees are reported in net investment income on the condensed consolidated statements of income (loss). Changes in the fair value of the mortgage loan portfolio are reported in investment related gains (losses) on the condensed consolidated statements of income (loss).

It is our policy to cease to accrue interest on loans that are over 90 days delinquent. For loans less than 90 days delinquent, interest is accrued unless it is determined that the accrued interest is not collectible. If a loan becomes over 90 days delinquent, it is our general policy to initiate foreclosure proceedings unless a workout arrangement to bring the loan current is in place. As of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, we had $444 million and $474 million, respectively, of mortgage loans that were 90 days past due, of which $93 million and $99 million, respectively, were in the process of foreclosure. As of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, $199 million and $221 million of mortgage loans that were 90 days past due were related to Government National Mortgage Association (GNMA) early buyouts that are fully or partially guaranteed and are accruing interest.

Investment Funds

Our investment funds investment strategy primarily focuses on funds with core holdings of strategic origination and insurance platforms and equity, hybrid, yield and other funds. Our investment funds generally meet the definition of a VIE, and in certain cases these investment funds are consolidated in our financial statements because we meet the criteria of the primary beneficiary.

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The following table illustrates our investment funds, including related parties and consolidated VIEs:

			March 31, 2023												December 31, 2022
(In millions, except percentages)			Carrying Value						Percent of Total						Carrying Value						Percent of Total
Investment funds
Equity			$	43					0.3		%				$	46					0.3		%
Hybrid			28						0.2		%				32						0.2		%
Other			6						—		%				1						—		%
Total investment funds			77						0.5		%				79						0.5		%
Investment funds – related parties
Strategic origination platforms			35						0.2		%				34						0.2		%
Strategic insurance platforms			1,305						9.0		%				1,259						8.9		%
Apollo and other fund investments
Equity			228						1.6		%				246						1.8		%
Yield			5						—		%				5						—		%
Other			22						0.2		%				25						0.2		%
Total investment funds – related parties			1,595						11.0		%				1,569						11.1		%
Investment funds owned by consolidated VIEs
Strategic origination platforms			4,991						34.3		%				4,829						34.2		%
Strategic insurance platforms			515						3.5		%				529						3.8		%
Apollo and other fund investments
Equity			2,815						19.3		%				2,640						18.7		%
Hybrid			3,180						21.9		%				3,112						22.0		%
Yield			1,091						7.5		%				1,044						7.4		%
Other			288						2.0		%				326						2.3		%
Total investment funds owned by consolidated VIEs			12,880						88.5		%				12,480						88.4		%
Total investment funds, including related parties and VIEs			$	14,552					100.0		%				$	14,128					100.0		%

Overall, the total investment funds, including related parties and consolidated VIEs, were $14.6 billion and $14.1 billion, respectively, as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022. See Note 4 – Investments to the condensed consolidated financial statements for further discussion regarding how we account for our investment funds. Our investment fund portfolio is subject to a number of market-related risks including interest rate risk and equity market risk. Interest rate risk represents the potential for changes in the investment fund’s net asset values resulting from changes in the general level of interest rates. Equity market risk represents potential for changes in the investment fund’s net asset values resulting from changes in equity markets or from other external factors which influence equity markets. These risks expose us to potential volatility in our earnings period-over-period. We actively monitor our exposure to these risks. The increase in investment funds, including related parties and consolidated VIEs, was primarily driven by contributions from third-party investors into AAA, a consolidated VIE.

Funds Withheld at Interest

Funds withheld at interest represent a receivable for amounts contractually withheld by ceding companies in accordance with modco and funds withheld reinsurance agreements in which we act as the reinsurer. Generally, assets equal to statutory reserves are withheld and legally owned by the ceding company. We hold funds withheld at interest receivables, including those held with VIAC, Lincoln and Jackson. As of March 31, 2023, the majority of the ceding companies holding the assets pursuant to such reinsurance agreements had a financial strength rating of A or better (based on an A.M. Best scale).

The funds withheld at interest is comprised of the host contract and an embedded derivative. We are subject to the investment performance on the withheld assets with the total return directly impacting the host contract and the embedded derivative. Interest accrues at a risk-free rate on the host receivable and is recorded as net investment income in the condensed consolidated statements of income (loss). The embedded derivative in our reinsurance agreements is similar to a total return swap on the income generated by the underlying assets held by the ceding companies. The change in the embedded derivative is recorded in investment related gains (losses). Although we do not legally own the underlying investments in the funds withheld at interest, in each instance the ceding company has hired Apollo to manage the withheld assets in accordance with our investment guidelines.

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The following summarizes the underlying investment composition of the funds withheld at interest, including related parties:

			March 31, 2023												December 31, 2022
(In millions, except percentages)			Carrying Value						Percent of Total						Carrying Value						Percent of Total
Fixed maturity securities
US state, municipal and political subdivisions			$	272					0.7		%				$	263					0.6		%
Foreign governments			412						1.0		%				401						1.0		%
Corporate			19,569						48.3		%				19,944						46.7		%
CLO			3,545						8.7		%				3,875						9.1		%
ABS			5,333						13.1		%				5,977						14.0		%
CMBS			1,012						2.5		%				1,122						2.6		%
RMBS			1,065						2.6		%				1,138						2.7		%
Equity securities			352						0.9		%				373						0.9		%
Mortgage loans			7,603						18.7		%				8,025						18.8		%
Investment funds			1,142						2.8		%				1,126						2.6		%
Derivative assets			147						0.4		%				141						0.3		%
Short-term investments			129						0.3		%				184						0.4		%
Cash and cash equivalents			512						1.3		%				557						1.3		%
Other assets and liabilities			(547)						(1.3)		%				(438)						(1.0)		%
Total funds withheld at interest including related parties			$	40,546					100.0		%				$	42,688					100.0		%

As of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, we held $40.5 billion and $42.7 billion, respectively, of funds withheld at interest receivables, including related parties. Approximately 94.8% and 94.3% of the fixed maturity securities within the funds withheld at interest are investment grade by NAIC designation as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively. The decrease in funds withheld at interest, including related parties, was primarily driven by run-off of the underlying blocks of business, partially offset by unrealized gains attributed to a decrease in US Treasury rates and credit spread tightening.

Derivative Instruments

We hold derivative instruments for economic hedging purposes to reduce our exposure to cash flow variability of assets and liabilities, equity market risk, interest rate risk, credit risk and foreign exchange risk. The types of derivatives we may use include interest rate swaps, foreign currency swaps and forward contracts, total return swaps, credit default swaps, variance swaps, futures and equity options.

A discussion regarding our derivative instruments and how such instruments are used to manage risk is included in Note 5 – Derivative Instruments to the condensed consolidated financial statements.

As part of our risk management strategies, management continually evaluates our derivative instrument holdings and the effectiveness of such holdings in addressing risks identified in our operations.

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Net Invested Assets

The following summarizes our net invested assets:

			March 31, 2023												December 31, 2022
(In millions, except percentages)			Net Invested Asset Value1						Percent of Total						Net Invested Asset Value1						Percent of Total
Corporate			$	80,701					39.0		%				$	80,800					41.1		%
CLO			20,563						9.9		%				19,881						10.1		%
Credit			101,264						48.9		%				100,681						51.2		%
CML			24,306						11.8		%				23,750						12.1		%
RML			12,306						6.0		%				11,147						5.7		%
RMBS			7,550						3.7		%				7,363						3.7		%
CMBS			4,463						2.2		%				4,495						2.3		%
Real estate			48,625						23.7		%				46,755						23.8		%
ABS			21,566						10.4		%				20,680						10.5		%
Alternative investments			12,103						5.9		%				12,079						6.1		%
State, municipal, political subdivisions and foreign government			2,703						1.3		%				2,715						1.4		%
Equity securities			1,708						0.8		%				1,737						0.9		%
Short-term investments			1,608						0.8		%				1,930						1.0		%
US government and agencies			2,685						1.3		%				2,691						1.4		%
Other investments			42,373						20.5		%				41,832						21.3		%
Cash and equivalents			12,672						6.1		%				5,481						2.8		%
Policy loans and other			1,815						0.8		%				1,702						0.9		%
Net invested assets			206,749						100.0		%				196,451						100.0		%
1 See Key Operating and Non-GAAP Measures for the definition of net invested assets.

Our net invested assets were $206.7 billion and $196.5 billion as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively. As of March 31, 2023, corporate securities included $24.9 billion of private placements, which represented 12.0% of our net invested assets. The increase in net invested assets as of March 31, 2023 from December 31, 2022 was primarily driven by growth from net organic inflows of $11.9 billion in excess of net liability outflows of $5.5 billion, the issuance of $3.0 billion of short-term repurchase agreements during the quarter and reinvestment of earnings.

In managing our business, we utilize net invested assets as presented in the above table. Net invested assets do not correspond to total investments, including related parties, on our condensed consolidated balance sheets, as discussed previously in Key Operating and Non-GAAP Measures. Net invested assets represent the investments that directly back our net reserve liabilities and surplus assets. We believe this view of our portfolio provides a view of the assets for which we have economic exposure. We adjust the presentation for funds withheld and modco transactions to include or exclude the underlying investments based upon the contractual transfer of economic exposure to such underlying investments. We also adjust for VIEs to show the net investment in the funds, which are included in the alternative investments line above as well as adjusting for the allowance for credit losses. Net invested assets includes our proportionate share of ACRA investments, based on our economic ownership, but excludes the proportionate share of investments associated with the noncontrolling interest.

Net invested assets is utilized by management to evaluate our investment portfolio. Net invested assets is used in the computation of net investment earned rate, which allows us to analyze the profitability of our investment portfolio. Net invested assets is also used in our risk management processes for asset purchases, product design and underwriting, stress scenarios, liquidity, and ALM.

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Net Alternative Investments

The following summarizes our net alternative investments:

			March 31, 2023												December 31, 2022
(In millions, except percentages)			Net Invested Asset Value						Percent of Total						Net Invested Asset Value						Percent of Total
Strategic origination platforms
Wheels Donlen			$	647					5.3		%				$	662					5.5		%
Redding Ridge			610						5.0		%				624						5.2		%
NNN Lease			552						4.6		%				579						4.8		%
MidCap Financial			612						5.1		%				604						5.0		%
Foundation Home Loans			288						2.4		%				302						2.5		%
PK AirFinance			247						2.0		%				251						2.1		%
Aqua Finance			269						2.2		%				267						2.2		%
Other			249						2.1		%				308						2.5		%
Total strategic origination platforms			3,474						28.7		%				3,597						29.8		%
Strategic retirement services platforms
Athora			1,076						8.9		%				1,012						8.4		%
Catalina			407						3.4		%				417						3.4		%
FWD			400						3.3		%				400						3.3		%
Challenger			260						2.2		%				294						2.4		%
Venerable			235						1.9		%				241						2.0		%
Other			—						—		%				20						0.2		%
Total strategic retirement services platforms			2,378						19.7		%				2,384						19.7		%
Apollo and other fund investments
Equity
Real estate			1,154						9.5		%				1,212						10.0		%
Traditional private equity			1,054						8.7		%				947						7.8		%
Other			165						1.4		%				189						1.6		%
Total equity			2,373						19.6		%				2,348						19.4		%
Hybrid
Real estate			1,216						10.0		%				1,289						10.7		%
Other			1,315						10.9		%				1,315						10.9		%
Total hybrid			2,531						20.9		%				2,604						21.6		%
Yield			883						7.3		%				885						7.3		%
Total Apollo and other fund investments			5,787						47.8		%				5,837						48.3		%
Other			464						3.8		%				261						2.2		%
Net alternative investments			$	12,103					100.0		%				$	12,079					100.0		%

Net alternative investments were $12.1 billion as of both March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022 , representing 5.9% and 6.1% of our net invested assets portfolio as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively. As of March 31, 2023, we have contributed approximately 69% of our net alternative investments to AAA.

Net alternative investments do not correspond to the total investment funds, including related parties and consolidated VIEs, on our condensed consolidated balance sheets. As discussed above in the net invested assets section, we adjust the US GAAP presentation for funds withheld, modco and VIEs. We include CLO and ABS equity tranche securities in alternative investments due to their underlying characteristics and equity-like features.

Through our relationship with Apollo, we have indirectly invested in companies that meet the key characteristics we look for in net alternative investments. Athora, our largest alternative investment, is a strategic investment.

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Athora

Athora is a specialized insurance and reinsurance group fully focused on the European market. Athora’s principal operational subsidiaries are Athora Netherlands N.V. in the Netherlands, Athora Belgium SA in Belgium, Athora Lebensversicherung AG in Germany, Athora Ireland plc in Ireland, and Athora Life Re Ltd in Bermuda. Athora deploys capital and resources to further its mission to build a stand-alone independent and integrated insurance and reinsurance business. Athora’s growth is achieved primarily through acquisitions, portfolio transfers and reinsurance. Athora is building a European insurance brand and has successfully acquired, integrated, and transformed multiple insurance companies.

Our alternative investment in Athora had a carrying value of $1.1 billion and $1.0 billion as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively. Our investment in Athora represents our proportionate share of its net asset value, which largely reflects any contributions to and distributions from Athora and changes in its fair value. Athora returned a net investment earned rate of 11.68% and 21.98% for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. Alternative investment income from Athora was $31 million and $46 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. The decrease in alternative investment income for the three months ended March 31, 2023 was primarily due to a valuation increase in the prior year.

Non-GAAP Measure Reconciliations

The reconciliation of net income (loss) available to AHL common shareholder to spread related earnings is as follows:

			Three months ended March 31,
(In millions)			2023						2022
Net income (loss) available to Athene Holding Ltd. common shareholder			$	721					$	(1,050)
Preferred stock dividends			47						35
Net income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interests			455						(881)
Net income (loss)			1,223						(1,896)
Income tax expense (benefit)			163						(284)
Income (loss) before income taxes			1,386						(2,180)
Investment gains (losses), net of offsets			397						(2,603)
Non-operating change in insurance liabilities and related derivatives			(135)						649
Integration, restructuring and other non-operating expenses			(29)						(34)
Stock compensation expense			(16)						(12)
Preferred stock dividends			47						35
Noncontrolling interests – pre-tax income (loss) and VIE adjustments			435						(889)
Total adjustments to income (loss) before income taxes			699						(2,854)
Spread related earnings			$	687					$	674

The reconciliation of total AHL shareholders’ equity to total adjusted AHL common shareholder’s equity is as follows:

(In millions)			March 31, 2023						December 31, 2022
Total AHL shareholders’ equity			$	8,698					$	7,158
Less: Preferred stock			3,154						3,154
Total AHL common shareholder's equity			5,544						4,004
Less: Accumulated other comprehensive loss			(6,148)						(7,321)
Less: Accumulated change in fair value of reinsurance assets			(2,791)						(3,127)
Less: Accumulated change in fair value of mortgage loan assets			(2,022)						(2,201)
Total adjusted AHL common shareholder's equity			$	16,505					$	16,653

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The reconciliation of debt to capital ratio to adjusted debt to capital ratio is as follows:

(In millions, except percentages)			March 31, 2023						December 31, 2022
Total debt			$	3,650					$	3,658
Less: Adjustment to arrive at notional debt			250						258
Notional debt			$	3,400					$	3,400
Total debt			$	3,650					$	3,658
Total AHL shareholders’ equity			8,698						7,158
Total capitalization			12,348						10,816
Less: Accumulated other comprehensive loss			(6,148)						(7,321)
Less: Accumulated change in fair value of reinsurance assets			(2,791)						(3,127)
Less: Accumulated change in fair value of mortgage loan assets			(2,022)						(2,201)
Less: Adjustment to arrive at notional debt			250						258
Total adjusted capitalization			$	23,059					$	23,207
Debt to capital ratio			29.6		%				33.8		%
Accumulated other comprehensive loss			(7.8)		%				(10.5)		%
Accumulated change in fair value of reinsurance assets			(3.5)		%				(4.5)		%
Accumulated change in fair value of mortgage loan assets			(2.6)		%				(3.2)		%
Adjustment to arrive at notional debt			(1.0)		%				(0.9)		%
Adjusted debt to capital ratio			14.7		%				14.7		%

The reconciliation of net investment income to net investment earnings and earned rate is as follows:

			Three months ended March 31,
			2023												2022
(In millions, except percentages)			Dollar						Rate						Dollar						Rate
US GAAP net investment income			$	2,407					4.78		%				$	1,683					3.71		%
Change in fair value of reinsurance assets			70						0.14		%				220						0.49		%
VIE earnings and noncontrolling interest			200						0.40		%				79						0.17		%
Alternative gains (losses)			(9)						(0.02)		%				18						0.04		%
ACRA noncontrolling interest			(448)						(0.89)		%				(305)						(0.67)		%
Reinsurance impacts			(64)						(0.13)		%				—						—		%
Apollo investment gain			—						—		%				(33)						(0.07)		%
Held for trading amortization and other			(13)						(0.03)		%				(7)						(0.02)		%
Total adjustments to arrive at net investment earnings/earned rate			(264)						(0.53)		%				(28)						(0.06)		%
Total net investment earnings/earned rate			$	2,143					4.25		%				$	1,655					3.65		%
Average net invested assets			$	201,600											$	181,398

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Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

The reconciliation of benefits and expenses to cost of funds is as follows:

			Three months ended March 31,
			2023												2022
(In millions, except percentages)			Dollar						Rate						Dollar						Rate
US GAAP benefits and expenses			$	2,674					5.31		%				$	1,899					4.19		%
Premiums			(96)						(0.19)		%				(2,110)						(4.65)		%
Product charges			(198)						(0.39)		%				(166)						(0.37)		%
Other revenues			(13)						(0.03)		%				3						0.01		%
FIA option costs			365						0.72		%				294						0.65		%
Reinsurance impacts			(37)						(0.07)		%				12						0.03		%
Non-operating change in insurance liabilities and embedded derivatives			(873)						(1.73)		%				1,080						2.38		%
Policy and other operating expenses, excluding policy acquisition expenses			(310)						(0.62)		%				(247)						(0.55)		%
AmerUs Closed Block fair value liability			(42)						(0.08)		%				127						0.28		%
ACRA noncontrolling interest			(287)						(0.57)		%				(81)						(0.18)		%
Other			52						0.10		%				11						0.02		%
Total adjustments to arrive at cost of funds			(1,439)						(2.86)		%				(1,077)						(2.38)		%
Total cost of funds			$	1,235					2.45		%				$	822					1.81		%
Average net invested assets			$	201,600											$	181,398

The reconciliation of policy and other operating expenses to other operating expenses is as follows:

			Three months ended March 31,
(In millions)			2023						2022
US GAAP policy and other operating expenses			$	435					$	338
Interest expense			(115)						(33)
Policy acquisition expenses, net of deferrals			(125)						(91)
Integration, restructuring and other non-operating expenses			(29)						(34)
Stock compensation expenses			(16)						(12)
ACRA noncontrolling interest			(17)						(51)
Other changes in policy and other operating expenses			(7)						(8)
Total adjustments to arrive at other operating expenses			(309)						(229)
Other operating expenses			$	126					$	109

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Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

The reconciliation of total investments, including related parties, to net invested assets is as follows:

(In millions)			March 31, 2023						December 31, 2022
Total investments, including related parties			$	203,230					$	196,448
Derivative assets			(3,956)						(3,309)
Cash and cash equivalents (including restricted cash)			14,992						8,407
Accrued investment income			1,458						1,328
Net receivable (payable) for collateral on derivatives			(1,909)						(1,486)
Reinsurance funds withheld and modified coinsurance			942						1,423
VIE and VOE assets, liabilities and noncontrolling interest			12,799						12,747
Unrealized (gains) losses			19,782						22,284
Ceded policy loans			(175)						(179)
Net investment receivables (payables)			39						186
Allowance for credit losses			521						471
Other investments			(50)						(10)
Total adjustments to arrive at gross invested assets			44,443						41,862
Gross invested assets			247,673						238,310
ACRA noncontrolling interest			(40,924)						(41,859)
Net invested assets			$	206,749					$	196,451

The reconciliation of total investment funds, including related parties and VIEs, to net alternative investments within net invested assets is as follows:

(In millions)			March 31, 2023						December 31, 2022
Investment funds, including related parties and VIEs			$	14,552					$	14,128
Equity securities			469						509
CLO and ABS equities included in trading securities			229						225
Investment funds within funds withheld at interest			1,142						1,126
Royalties			15						15
Net assets of the VIE, excluding investment funds			(2,398)						(2,041)
Unrealized (gains) losses			43						44
ACRA noncontrolling interest			(1,860)						(1,836)
Other assets			(89)						(91)
Total adjustments to arrive at net alternative investments			(2,449)						(2,049)
Net alternative investments			$	12,103					$	12,079

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The reconciliation of total liabilities to net reserve liabilities is as follows:

(In millions)			March 31, 2023						December 31, 2022
Total liabilities			$	244,604					$	233,382
Debt			(3,650)						(3,658)
Derivative liabilities			(1,518)						(1,646)
Payables for collateral on derivatives and securities to repurchase			(7,331)						(3,841)
Other liabilities			(1,381)						(1,635)
Liabilities of consolidated VIEs			(847)						(815)
Reinsurance impacts			(9,090)						(9,176)
Policy loans ceded			(175)						(179)
Market risk benefit asset			(440)						(481)
ACRA noncontrolling interest			(35,281)						(35,981)
Total adjustments to arrive at net reserve liabilities			(59,713)						(57,412)
Net reserve liabilities			$	184,891					$	175,970

Liquidity and Capital Resources

There are two forms of liquidity relevant to our business: funding liquidity and balance sheet liquidity. Funding liquidity relates to the ability to fund operations. Balance sheet liquidity relates to our ability to liquidate or rebalance our balance sheet without incurring significant costs from fees, bid-offer spreads, or market impact. We manage our liquidity position by matching projected cash demands with adequate sources of cash and other liquid assets. Our principal sources of liquidity, in the ordinary course of business, are operating cash flows and holdings of cash, cash equivalents and other readily marketable assets.

Our investment portfolio is structured to ensure a strong liquidity position over time to permit timely payment of policy and contract benefits without requiring asset sales at inopportune times or at depressed prices. In general, liquid assets include cash and cash equivalents, highly rated corporate bonds, unaffiliated preferred stock and public common stock, all of which generally have liquid markets with a large number of buyers. The carrying value of these assets, excluding assets within modified coinsurance and funds withheld portfolios, as of March 31, 2023 was $104.9 billion. Assets included in modified coinsurance and funds withheld portfolios are available to fund the benefits for the associated obligations but are restricted from other uses. The carrying value of the underlying assets in these modified coinsurance and funds withheld portfolios that we consider liquid as of March 31, 2023 was $20.6 billion. Although our investment portfolio does contain assets that are generally considered illiquid for liquidity monitoring purposes (primarily mortgage loans, policy loans, real estate, investment funds, and affiliated common stock), there is some ability to raise cash from these assets if needed. In periods of economic downturn, we may maintain higher cash balances than required to manage our liquidity risk and to take advantage of market dislocations as they arise. We have access to additional liquidity through our $1.25 billion Credit Facility, with potential increases up to $1.75 billion. The Credit Facility was undrawn as of March 31, 2023 and had a remaining term of more than one year, subject to up to two one-year extensions. Additionally, we have access to our Liquidity Facility that has a borrowing capacity of $2.5 billion, with potential increases up to $3.0 billion. On February 7, 2023, we borrowed $1.0 billion from the Liquidity Facility for short-term cash flow needs, which was repaid in the first quarter of 2023. The Liquidity Facility was undrawn as of March 31, 2023 and has an initial 364-day term, subject to additional 364-day extensions. We also have access to $2.0 billion of committed repurchase facilities. Our registration statement on Form S-3 ASR (Shelf Registration Statement) provides us access to the capital markets, subject to market conditions and other factors. We are also the counterparty to repurchase agreements with several different financial institutions, pursuant to which we may obtain short-term liquidity, to the extent available. In addition, through our membership in the FHLB, we are eligible to borrow under variable rate short-term federal funds arrangements to provide additional liquidity.

We proactively manage our liquidity position to meet cash needs while minimizing adverse impacts on investment returns. We analyze our cash-flow liquidity over the upcoming 12 months by modeling potential demands on liquidity under a variety of scenarios, taking into account the provisions of our policies and contracts in force, our cash flow position, and the volume of cash and readily marketable securities in our portfolio.

Liquidity risk is monitored, managed and mitigated through a number of stress tests and analyses to assess our ability to meet our cash flow requirements, as well as the ability of our reinsurance and insurance subsidiaries to meet their collateral obligations, under various stress scenarios. We further seek to mitigate liquidity risk by maintaining access to alternative, external sources of liquidity as described below.

Our liquidity risk management framework is codified in the company’s Liquidity Risk Policy that is reviewed and approved by our board of directors.

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Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

Insurance Subsidiaries’ Liquidity

Operations

The primary cash flow sources for our insurance subsidiaries include retirement services product inflows (premiums and deposits), investment income, principal repayments on our investments, net transfers from separate accounts and financial product inflows. Uses of cash include investment purchases, payments to policyholders for surrenders, withdrawals and payout benefits, interest and principal payments on funding agreements, payments to satisfy pension group annuity obligations, policy acquisition costs and general operating costs.

Our policyholder obligations are generally long-term in nature. However, policyholders may elect to withdraw some, or all, of their account value in amounts that exceed our estimates and assumptions over the life of an annuity contract. We include provisions within our annuity policies, such as surrender charges and MVAs, which are intended to protect us from early withdrawals. As of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, approximately 78% and 76%, respectively, of our deferred annuity liabilities were subject to penalty upon surrender. In addition, as of each of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, approximately 60% of policies contained MVAs that may also have the effect of limiting early withdrawals if interest rates increase, but may encourage early withdrawals by effectively subsidizing a portion of surrender charges when interest rates decrease. As of March 31, 2023, approximately 26% of our net reserve liabilities were generally non-surrenderable, including funding agreements, buy-out pension group annuities and payout annuities, while 57% were subject to penalty upon surrender.

Membership in Federal Home Loan Bank

Through our membership in the FHLB, we are eligible to borrow under variable rate short-term federal funds arrangements to provide additional liquidity. The borrowings must be secured by eligible collateral such as mortgage loans, eligible CMBS or RMBS, government or agency securities and guaranteed loans. As of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, we had no outstanding borrowings under these arrangements.

We have issued funding agreements to the FHLB. These funding agreements were issued in an investment spread strategy, consistent with other investment spread operations. As of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, we had funding agreements outstanding with the FHLB in the aggregate principal amount of $4.9 billion and $3.7 billion, respectively.

The maximum FHLB indebtedness by a member is determined by the amount of collateral pledged and cannot exceed a specified percentage of the member’s total statutory assets dependent on the internal credit rating assigned to the member by the FHLB. As of March 31, 2023, the total maximum borrowing capacity under the FHLB facilities was limited to $55.3 billion. However, our ability to borrow under the facilities is constrained by the availability of assets that qualify as eligible collateral under the facilities and certain other limitations. Considering these limitations, as of March 31, 2023, we had the ability to draw up to an estimated $5.9 billion, inclusive of borrowings then outstanding. This estimate is based on our internal analysis and assumptions, and may not accurately measure collateral which is ultimately acceptable to the FHLB.

Securities Repurchase Agreements

We engage in repurchase transactions whereby we sell fixed income securities to third parties, primarily major brokerage firms or commercial banks, with a concurrent agreement to repurchase such securities at a determined future date. We require that, at all times during the term of the repurchase agreements, we maintain sufficient cash or other liquid assets sufficient to allow us to fund substantially all of the repurchase price. Proceeds received from the sale of securities pursuant to these arrangements are generally invested in short-term investments or maintained in cash, with the offsetting obligation to repurchase the security included within payables for collateral on derivatives and securities to repurchase on the condensed consolidated balance sheets. As per the terms of the repurchase agreements, we monitor the market value of the securities sold and may be required to deliver additional collateral (which may be in the form of cash or additional securities) to the extent that the value of the securities sold decreases prior to the repurchase date.

As of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the payables for repurchase agreements were $7.8 billion and $4.7 billion, respectively, while the fair value of securities and collateral held by counterparties backing the repurchase agreements was $8.2 billion and $5.0 billion, respectively. As of March 31, 2023, payables for repurchase agreements were comprised of $4.9 billion of short-term and $2.9 billion of long-term repurchase agreements. As of December 31, 2022, payables for repurchase agreements were comprised of $1.9 billion of short-term and $2.9 billion of long-term repurchase agreements.

We have a $1.0 billion committed repurchase facility with BNP Paribas. The facility has an initial commitment period of 12 months and automatically renews for successive 12-month periods until terminated by either party. During the commitment period, we may sell and BNP Paribas is required to purchase eligible investment grade corporate bonds pursuant to repurchase transactions at pre-agreed discounts in exchange for a commitment fee. As of March 31, 2023, we had no outstanding payables under this facility.

We have a $1.0 billion committed repurchase facility with Societe Generale. The facility has a commitment term of 5 years, however, either party may terminate the facility upon 24-months’ notice, in which case the facility will end upon the earlier of (1) such designated termination date, or (2) July 26, 2026. During the commitment period, we may sell and Societe Generale is required to purchase eligible investment grade corporate bonds pursuant to repurchase transactions at pre-agreed rates in exchange for an ongoing commitment fee for the facility. As of March 31, 2023, we had no outstanding payables under this facility.

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Cash Flows

Our cash flows were as follows:

			Three months ended March 31,
(In millions)			2023						2022
Net income (loss)			$	1,223					$	(1,896)
Non-cash revenues and expenses			(1,148)						2,051
Net cash provided by operating activities			75						155
Sales, maturities and repayments of investments			5,770						12,078
Purchases of investments			(12,096)						(18,411)
Other investing activities			407						168
Net cash used in investing activities			(5,919)						(6,165)
Inflows on investment-type policies and contracts			12,006						8,342
Withdrawals on investment-type policies and contracts			(2,707)						(2,245)
Other financing activities			3,419						(634)
Net cash provided by financing activities			12,718						5,463
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents			3						(4)
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents1			$	6,877					$	(551)
1 Includes cash and cash equivalents, restricted cash and cash and cash equivalents of consolidated variable interest entities.

Cash flows from operating activities

The primary cash inflows from operating activities include net investment income, annuity considerations and insurance premiums. The primary cash outflows from operating activities are comprised of benefit payments and operating expenses. Our operating activities generated cash flows totaling $75 million and $155 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. The decrease in cash provided by operating activities was primarily driven by lower cash received from pension group annuity transactions, net of withdrawals and an increase in cash paid for policy acquisition and other operating expenses, largely offset by an increase in net investment income.

Cash flows from investing activities

The primary cash inflows from investing activities are the sales, maturities and repayments of investments. The primary cash outflows from investing activities are the purchases and acquisitions of new investments. Our investing activities used cash flows totaling $5.9 billion and $6.2 billion for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. The decrease in cash used in investing activities was driven by a decrease in the purchases of investments as a portion of our inflows for the quarter was maintained in cash to increase our liquidity position and receipt of cash from surrender of our corporate-owned life insurance policies, primarily offset by a decrease in the sales, maturities and repayments of investments.

Cash flows from financing activities

The primary cash inflows from financing activities are inflows on our investment-type policies and contracts, changes of cash collateral posted for derivative transactions, capital contributions, proceeds from the issuance of preferred stock and proceeds from borrowing activities. The primary cash outflows from financing activities are withdrawals on our investment-type policies, changes of cash collateral posted for derivative transactions, repayments of outstanding borrowings and payment of preferred and common stock dividends. Our financing activities provided cash flows totaling $12.7 billion and $5.5 billion for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. The increase in cash provided by financing activities was primarily attributed to higher cash received from retail and flow reinsurance inflows, net of withdrawals, a $3.0 billion increase in short-term repurchase agreements and the payment of less common stock dividends as the prior year included the payment of a $750 million dividend to Apollo declared in December of 2021. Additional drivers of the increase include a favorable change in cash collateral posted for derivative transactions related to the favorable equity market performance in 2023 compared to 2022 and net capital contributions from noncontrolling interests, including capital contributions from third-party investors into AAA.

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Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

Material Cash Obligations

The following table summarizes estimated future cash obligations as of March 31, 2023:

			Payments Due by Period
(In millions)			Total						2023						2024-2025						2026-2027						2028 and thereafter
Interest sensitive contract liabilities			$	181,100					$	15,102					$	39,863					$	35,625					$	90,510
Future policy benefits			42,490						1,606						4,301						4,302						32,281
Market risk benefits			5,721						—						—						—						5,721
Other policy claims and benefits			124						124						—						—						—
Dividends payable to policyholders			97						3						10						9						75
Debt1			5,314						110						306						306						4,592
Securities to repurchase2			8,406						5,086						1,385						1,935						—
Total			$	243,252					$	22,031					$	45,865					$	42,177					$	133,179
1 The obligations for debt payments include contractual maturities of principal and estimated future interest payments based on the terms of the debt agreements.
2 The obligations for securities for repurchase payments include contractual maturities of principal and estimated future interest payments based on the terms of the agreements. Future interest payments on floating rate repurchase agreements were calculated using the March 31, 2023 interest rate.

Atlas Securitized Products Holdings LP

On February 8, 2023, the Company, Apollo and Credit Suisse AG (CS) undertook the first close of their previously announced transaction whereby certain subsidiaries of Atlas, which is owned by AAA, acquired certain assets of the CS Securitized Products Group (the Transaction). Under the terms of the Transaction, Atlas has agreed to pay CS $3.3 billion, of which $0.4 billion is deferred until February 8, 2026, and $2.9 billion is deferred until February 8, 2028. This deferred purchase price is an obligation first of Atlas, second of AAA, third of AAM, fourth of AHL and fifth of AARe. AARe and AAM have each issued an assurance letter to CS to guarantee the full amount of $3.3 billion. In exchange for the purchase price, Atlas expects to receive, by the Transaction’s final close, approximately $0.4 billion in cash and a portfolio of senior secured warehouse assets, subject to debt, with approximately $1 billion of tangible equity value (to the extent that the warehouse assets received by Atlas constitute less than $1 billion of tangible equity value, the amount of cash is expected to increase by an offsetting amount). These warehouse assets are senior secured assets at industry standard loan-to-value ratios, structured to investment grade-equivalent criteria, and were approved by Atlas in connection with this Transaction. In addition, Atlas has entered into an investment management contract to manage certain unrelated assets on behalf of CS, providing for quarterly payments expected to total approximately $1.1 billion net to Atlas over 5 years. Finally, Atlas shall also benefit generally from the net spread earned on its assets in excess of its cost of financing. As a result, the fair value of our guarantees related to the Transaction are not material to the condensed consolidated financial statements.

Holding Company Liquidity

Common Stock Dividends

We intend to pay regular common stock dividends to our parent company of $750 million per year, generally paid at the end of each quarter.

For the three months ended March 31, 2023, we paid common stock cash dividends of $374 million. We declared common stock cash dividends of $187 million on March 20, 2023, payable to the holder of AHL’s Class A common shares with a record date of March 27, 2023 and payment date of March 31, 2023 related to the current quarter. Additionally, we declared common stock cash dividends of $187 million on January 19, 2023, payable to the holder of AHL’s Class A common shares with a record date of January 25, 2023 and payment date of January 26, 2023 related to the prior quarter.

For the three months ended March 31, 2022, we declared common stock cash dividends of $188 million on March 30, 2022, payable to the holder of AHL’s Class A common shares with a record date of March 30, 2022 and payment date of March 31, 2022. Additionally we declared common stock cash dividends of $750 million on December 31, 2021, payable to the holder of AHL’s Class A common shares with a record date and payment date following the completion of the merger with AGM. The dividend was paid on January 4, 2022.

Dividends from Subsidiaries

AHL is a holding company whose primary liquidity needs include the cash-flow requirements relating to its corporate activities, including its day-to-day operations, debt servicing, preferred and common stock dividend payments and strategic transactions, such as acquisitions. The primary source of AHL’s cash flow is dividends from its subsidiaries, which are expected to be adequate to fund cash flow requirements based on current estimates of future obligations.

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Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

The ability of AHL’s insurance subsidiaries to pay dividends is limited by applicable laws and regulations of the jurisdictions where the subsidiaries are domiciled, as well as agreements entered into with regulators. These laws and regulations require, among other things, the insurance subsidiaries to maintain minimum solvency requirements and limit the amount of dividends these subsidiaries can pay.

Subject to these limitations and prior notification to the appropriate regulatory agency, the US insurance subsidiaries are permitted to pay ordinary dividends based on calculations specified under insurance laws of the relevant state of domicile. Any distributions above the amount permitted by statute in any twelve month period are considered to be extraordinary dividends, and require the approval of the appropriate regulator prior to payment. AHL does not currently plan on having the US subsidiaries pay any dividends to their parents.

Dividends from subsidiaries are projected to be the primary source of AHL’s liquidity. Under the Bermuda Insurance Act, each of our Bermuda insurance subsidiaries is prohibited from paying a dividend in an amount exceeding 25% of the prior year’s statutory capital and surplus, unless at least two members of the board of directors of the Bermuda insurance subsidiary and its principal representative in Bermuda sign and submit to the Bermuda Monetary Authority (BMA) an affidavit attesting that a dividend in excess of this amount would not cause the Bermuda insurance subsidiary to fail to meet its relevant margins. In certain instances, the Bermuda insurance subsidiary would also be required to provide prior notice to the BMA in advance of the payment of dividends. In the event that such an affidavit is submitted to the BMA in accordance with the Bermuda Insurance Act, and further subject to the Bermuda insurance subsidiary meeting its relevant margins, the Bermuda insurance subsidiary is permitted to distribute up to the sum of 100% of statutory surplus and an amount less than 15% of its total statutory capital. Distributions in excess of this amount require the approval of the BMA.

The maximum distribution permitted by law or contract is not necessarily indicative of our actual ability to pay such distributions, which may be further restricted by business and other considerations, such as the impact of such distributions on surplus, which could affect our ratings or competitive position and the amount of premiums that can be written. Specifically, the level of capital needed to maintain desired financial strength ratings from rating agencies, including S&P, A.M. Best, Fitch and Moody’s, is of particular concern when determining the amount of capital available for distributions. AHL believes its insurance subsidiaries have sufficient statutory capital and surplus, combined with additional capital available to be provided by AHL, to meet their financial strength ratings objectives. Finally, state insurance laws and regulations require that the statutory surplus of our insurance subsidiaries following any dividend or distribution must be reasonable in relation to their outstanding liabilities and adequate for the insurance subsidiaries’ financial needs.

Other Sources of Funding

We may seek to secure additional funding at the holding company level by means other than dividends from subsidiaries, such as by drawing on our undrawn $1.25 billion Credit Facility, drawing on our undrawn $2.5 billion Liquidity Facility or by pursuing future issuances of debt or preference shares to third-party investors. Certain other sources of liquidity potentially available at the holding company level are discussed below. Our Credit Facility contains various standard covenants with which we must comply, including maintaining a Consolidated Debt to Capitalization Ratio (as such term is defined in the Credit Facility) of not greater than 35% at the end of any quarter, maintaining a minimum Consolidated Net Worth (as such term is defined in the Credit Facility) of no less than $7.3 billion, and restrictions on our ability to incur debt and liens, in each case with certain exceptions. Our Liquidity Facility also contains various standard covenants with which we must comply, including maintaining an ALRe minimum Consolidated Net Worth (as such term is defined in the Liquidity Facility) of no less than $9.3 billion and restrictions on our ability to incur debt and liens, in each case with certain exceptions.

Shelf Registration – Under our Shelf Registration Statement, subject to market conditions, we have the ability to issue, in indeterminate amounts, debt securities, preference shares, depositary shares, Class A common shares, warrants and units.

Debt – The following summarizes our outstanding long-term senior notes (in millions, except percentages):

Issuance

Issue Date

Maturity Date

Interest Rate

Principal Balance

2028 Senior Unsecured Notes

January 12, 2018

January 12, 2028

4.125%

$1,000

2030 Senior Unsecured Notes

April 3, 2020

April 3, 2030

6.150%

$500

2031 Senior Unsecured Notes

October 8, 2020

January 15, 2031

3.500%

$500

2051 Senior Unsecured Notes

May 25, 2021

May 25, 2051

3.950%

$500

2052 Senior Unsecured Notes

December 13, 2021

May 15, 2052

3.450%

$500

2033 Senior Unsecured Notes

November 21, 2022

February 1, 2033

6.650%

$400

See Note 10 – Debt to the consolidated financial statements in our 2022 Annual Report for further information on debt.

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Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

Preferred Stock – The following summarizes our perpetual non-cumulative preferred stock issuances (in millions, except share, per share data and percentages):

Issuance						Fixed/Floating						Rate						Issue Date						Optional Redemption Date1						Shares Issued						Par Value Per Share						Liquidation Value Per Share						Aggregate Net Proceeds
Series A						Fixed-to-Floating Rate						6.350%						June 10, 2019						June 30, 2029						34,500						$1.00						$25,000						$839
Series B						Fixed-Rate						5.625%						September 19, 2019						September 30, 2024						13,800						$1.00						$25,000						$333
Series C						Fixed-Rate Reset						6.375%						June 11, 2020						Variable2						24,000						$1.00						$25,000						$583
Series D						Fixed-Rate						4.875%						December 18, 2020						December 30, 2025						23,000						$1.00						$25,000						$557
Series E						Fixed-Rate Reset						7.750%						December 12, 2022						Variable3						20,000						$1.00						$25,000						$487
1 We may redeem preferred stock anytime on or after the dates set forth in this column, subject to the terms of the applicable certificate of designations.
2 We may redeem during a period from and including June 30 of each year in which there is a Reset Date to and including such Reset Date. Reset Date means September 30, 2025 and each date falling on the fifth anniversary of the preceding Reset Date.
3 We may redeem during a period from and including December 30 of each year in which there is a Reset Date to and including such Reset Date. Reset Date means December 30, 2027 and each date falling on the fifth anniversary of the preceding Reset Date.

See Note 11 – Equity to the consolidated financial statements in our 2022 Annual Report for further information on preferred stock.

Unsecured Revolving Promissory Note Payable with AGM – AHL has an unsecured revolving promissory note with AGM which allows AHL to borrow funds from AGM. The note has a borrowing capacity of $500 million and maturity date of December 13, 2025, or earlier at AGM’s request. There was no outstanding balance on the note payable as of March 31, 2023.

Intercompany Note – AHL has an unsecured revolving note payable with ALRe, which permits AHL to borrow up to $4.0 billion with a fixed interest rate of 2.29% and a maturity date of December 15, 2028. As of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the revolving note payable had an outstanding balance of $1.3 billion and $896 million, respectively.

Capital

We believe we have a strong capital position and are well positioned to meet policyholder and other obligations. We measure capital sufficiency using an internal capital model which reflects management’s view on the various risks inherent to our business, the amount of capital required to support our core operating strategies and the amount of capital necessary to maintain our current ratings in a recessionary environment. The amount of capital required to support our core operating strategies is determined based upon internal modeling and analysis of economic risk, as well as inputs from rating agency capital models and consideration of both NAIC RBC and Bermuda capital requirements. Capital in excess of this required amount is considered excess equity capital, which is available to deploy.

As of December 31, 2022 and 2021, our US insurance companies’ TAC, as defined by the NAIC, was $4.1 billion and $3.0 billion, respectively, and our US RBC ratio was 387% and 377%, respectively. The increase in our US insurance companies’ TAC was primarily related to capital contributions to provide capital in support of organic growth. Each US domestic insurance subsidiary’s state of domicile imposes minimum RBC requirements that were developed by the NAIC. The formulas for determining the amount of RBC specify various weighting factors that are applied to financial balances or various levels of activity based on the perceived degree of risk. Regulatory compliance is determined by a ratio of TAC to its authorized control level RBC (ACL). Our TAC was significantly in excess of all regulatory standards as of December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively.

Bermuda statutory capital and surplus for our Bermuda insurance companies in aggregate was $14.8 billion and $14.6 billion as of December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively. Our Bermuda insurance companies adhere to BMA regulatory capital requirements to maintain statutory capital and surplus to meet the minimum margin of solvency and maintain minimum economic balance sheet (EBS) capital and surplus to meet the enhanced capital requirement. Under the EBS framework, assets are recorded at market value and insurance reserves are determined by reference to nine prescribed scenarios, with the scenario resulting in the highest reserve balance being ultimately required to be selected. The Bermuda group’s EBS capital and surplus was $21.9 billion and $19.7 billion, resulting in a BSCR ratio of 278% and 232% as of December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively. The increase was primarily driven by the movement in interest rates. The Bermuda group’s BSCR ratio includes the capital and surplus of ALRe, AARe, ALReI and all of their subsidiaries, including AADE and its subsidiaries. An insurer must have a BSCR ratio of 100% or greater to be considered solvent by the BMA. As of December 31, 2022 and 2021, our Bermuda insurance companies held the appropriate capital to adhere to these regulatory standards. As of December 31, 2022 and 2021, our Bermuda RBC ratio was 407% and 410%, respectively. The Bermuda RBC ratio is calculated by applying the NAIC RBC factors to the statutory financial statements of our non-US reinsurance subsidiaries on an aggregate basis with certain adjustments made by management as described in the glossary. We exclude our interests in subsidiary holding companies from our capital base for purposes of calculating Bermuda RBC, but do reflect such interests within our capital analysis, net of risk charges.

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Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

As of December 31, 2022 and 2021, our consolidated statutory capital and surplus in the aggregate was $20.1 billion and $19.6 billion, respectively, and our consolidated RBC ratio was 416% and 433%, respectively. Our consolidated regulatory capital represents the aggregate capital of our US and Bermuda insurance entities, determined with respect to each insurance entity by applying the statutory accounting principles applicable to each such entity with adjustments made to, among other things, assets and expenses at the holding company level. The consolidated RBC ratio is calculated by applying the NAIC RBC factors to the statutory financial statements of our non-US reinsurance and US reinsurance subsidiaries on an aggregate basis, including interests in other non-insurance subsidiary holding companies, with certain adjustments made by management to our Bermuda and non-insurance holding companies. See Glossary – Consolidated RBC for further information.

ACRA 1 – ACRA 1 provides us with access to on-demand capital to support our growth strategies and capital deployment opportunities. ACRA 1 provides a capital source to fund both our inorganic and organic channels, including pension group annuity, funding agreement and retail channels. This strategic capital solution allows us the flexibility to simultaneously deploy capital across multiple accretive avenues, while maintaining a strong financial position.

ACRA 2 – We established ACRA 2 in December 2022 as another long-duration, on-demand capital vehicle. Athene currently owns 100% of ACRA 2’s economic and voting interests prior to the initial closing of ACRA 2, which is expected to occur on July 1, 2023.

Critical Accounting Estimates and Judgments

The preparation of consolidated financial statements in conformity with US GAAP requires us to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, disclosure of any contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the consolidated financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Amounts based on such estimates involve numerous assumptions subject to varying and potentially significant degrees of judgment and uncertainty, particularly related to the future performance of the underlying business, and will likely change in the future as additional information becomes available. Critical estimates and assumptions are evaluated on an ongoing basis based on historical developments, market conditions, industry trends and other information that is reasonable under the circumstances. There can be no assurance that actual results will conform to estimates and assumptions and that reported results of operations will not be materially affected by the need to make future accounting adjustments to reflect periodic changes in these estimates and assumptions. Critical accounting estimates are impacted significantly by our methods, judgments and assumptions used in the preparation of the consolidated financial statements. Due to the adoption of LDTI as of January 1, 2023, certain critical accounting estimates have changed. Accordingly, the below should be read in conjunction with our significant accounting policies described in Note 1 – Business, Basis of Presentation and Significant Accounting Policies to the consolidated financial statements of our 2022 Annual Report, as well as Note 1 – Business, Basis of Presentation and Significant Accounting Policies to the condensed consolidated financial statements, which incorporates required updates from the adoption of LDTI. The following summary of our critical accounting estimates is intended to enhance one’s ability to assess our financial condition and results of operations and the potential volatility due to changes in estimate. Other than as described in this Item 2, there have been no material changes to our critical accounting estimates and judgments from those previously disclosed in our 2022 Annual Report. The following updates and supplements the critical accounting estimates and judgments in our 2022 Annual Report.

Future Policy Benefits

The future policy benefit liabilities associated with long duration contracts include term and whole-life products, accident and health, disability, and deferred and immediate annuities with life contingencies, which include pension group annuities with life contingencies. Liabilities for nonparticipating long duration contracts are established as the estimated present value of benefits we expect to pay to or on behalf of the policyholder and related expenses less the present value of the net premiums to be collected, referred to as the net premium ratio. For immediate annuities with life contingencies, the liability for future policy benefits is equal to the present value of future benefits and related expenses.

Liabilities for nonparticipating long-duration contracts are established using accepted actuarial valuation methods which require the use of assumptions related to discount rate, expenses and policyholder behavior. We base certain key assumptions related to policyholder behavior on industry standard data, adjusted to align with company experience, if needed. All cash flow assumptions, apart from expense assumptions, are established at contract issuance and reviewed annually, or more frequently, if actual experience suggests a revision is necessary.

Immediate annuities with life contingencies, which include pension group annuities with life contingencies, represent the significant majority of our liabilities for future policy benefits. Significant assumptions include discount rates, assumptions for policyholder longevity and policyholder utilization for contracts with deferred lives. In general, the reserve for future policy benefits will decrease when longevity decreases, resulting in remeasurement gains in the condensed consolidated statements of income (loss). Changes in the discount rate in periods after a cohort has closed will not impact interest expense recognition within the condensed consolidated statements of income (loss). However, changes in the discount rate will impact the recorded reserve on the condensed consolidated balance sheets, with an offsetting unrealized gain or loss recorded to other comprehensive income (loss). We use a single A rate to calculate the present value of reserves related to our immediate annuities with life contingencies.

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Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

For these limited-payment contracts where premiums are due over a significantly shorter period than the period over which benefits are provided, a deferred profit liability is established to the extent that gross premium exceeds the net premium reserve and included within future policy benefits. When the net premium ratio for the corresponding future policy benefit is updated for actual experience and changes to projected cash flow assumptions, both the future policy benefit reserve and deferred profit liability are retrospectively recalculated from the contract issuance date. Also included within the liability for future policy benefits is negative VOBA that was established for blocks of insurance contracts acquired through the merger with Apollo. Negative VOBA related to our immediate annuities with life contingencies is subsequently measured on a basis generally consistent with the deferred profit liability.

The increase (decrease) to future policy benefit reserves from hypothetical changes in discount rates is summarized as follows:

(In millions)			March 31, 2023
+100 bps discount rate			$	(2,667)
–100 bps discount rate			3,106

Market Risk Benefits

Market risk benefits represent contracts or contract features that both provide protection to the contract holder from, and exposes the insurance entity to, other-than-nominal capital market risk. We issue and reinsure deferred annuity contracts, which includes both traditional deferred and indexed annuities, that contain GLWB and GMDB riders. These riders meet the criteria for and are classified as market risk benefits.

Market risk benefits are measured at fair value at the contract level and may be recorded as a liability or an asset. At contract inception, we assess the fees and assessments that are collectible from the policyholder, which include explicit rider fees and other contract fees, and allocate them to the extent they are attributable to the market risk benefit. These attributed fees are used in the valuation of the market risk benefits and are never negative or exceed total explicit fees collectible from the policyholder. We are also required to project the expected benefits that will be required for the riders in excess of the projected account balance. Determining the projected benefits in excess of the projected account balance requires judgment for economic and actuarial assumptions, both of which are used in determining future policyholder account growth that will drive the amount of benefits required.

Economic assumptions include interest rates and implied equity volatilities throughout the duration of the liability. For riders on indexed annuities, this also includes assumptions about projected equity returns, which impact expected index credits on the next policy anniversary date and future equity option costs. When economic assumptions lead to an increase in expected future policy growth from higher interest and index crediting during the accumulation period, the higher projected account balance at the time of rider utilization decreases the inherent value of the rider as less payments for benefits are required in excess of the account balance. All else constant, the increase in the projected account balance will, therefore, result in a decrease to the market risk benefit liability or an increase if the market risk benefit is in an asset position with remeasurement gains recorded in the condensed consolidated statements of income (loss).

Policyholder behavior assumptions are established using accepted actuarial valuation methods to estimate decrements to policies with riders including lapses, full and partial withdrawals (surrender rate) and mortality and the utilization of the benefit riders. Base lapse rates consider the level of surrender charges and are dynamically adjusted based on the level of current interest rates relative to the guaranteed rates and the amount by which any rider guarantees are in a net positive position. Rider utilization assumptions consider the number and timing of policyholders electing the riders. We track and update this assumption as experience emerges. Mortality assumptions are set at the product level and are generally based on standard industry tables with adjustments for historical experience and a provision for mortality improvement. While economic assumptions impact the projected account value and the benefits paid in excess of the account value, policyholder behavior assumptions, such as surrenders, impact the expected number of policies that will elect to utilize the rider. An expected increase in decrements and decrease in rider utilization, all else constant, will result in a decrease to the market risk benefit liability or an increase in the market risk benefit asset with remeasurement gains recorded in the condensed consolidated statements of income (loss).

All inputs, including expected fees and assessments and economic and policyholder behavior assumptions, are used to project excess benefits and fees over a range of risk-neutral, stochastic interest rate scenarios. For riders on indexed annuities, stochastic equity return scenarios are also included within the range. The discount rate used to present value the projected cash flows is a significant assumption, with the change in risk free rates expected to drive most of the movement in discount rates between periods. A risk margin is deducted from the discount rate to reflect the uncertainty in the projected cash flows, such as variations in policyholder behavior, and a credit spread is added to reflect our risk of nonperformance. If the discount rates used were to fluctuate, there would be a resulting change in reserves for the market risk benefits recorded through the condensed consolidated statements of income (loss), except for the portion related to the change in nonperformance risk, which is recorded through other comprehensive income (loss).

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Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

The increase (decrease) to the net market risk benefit balance from hypothetical changes in the discount rate is summarized as follows:

(In millions)			March 31, 2023
+100 bps discount rate			$	(718)
–100 bps discount rate			890

Deferred Acquisition Costs, Deferred Sales Inducements, and Value of Business Acquired

DAC, DSI and VOBA are no longer considered critical accounting estimates as a result of the adoption of LDTI as of January 1, 2023.

Impact of Recent Accounting Pronouncements

For a discussion of new accounting pronouncements affecting us, see Note 1 – Business, Basis of Presentation and Significant Accounting Policies to the condensed consolidated financial statements.

Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risks

We regularly analyze our exposure to market risks, which reflect potential losses in value due to credit and counterparty risk, interest rate risk, currency risk, commodity price risk and equity price risk. As a result of that analysis, we have determined that we are primarily exposed to credit risk, interest rate risk and equity price risk. A description of our market risk exposures, including strategies used to manage our exposure to market risk, may be found under Part II—Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risks of our 2022 Annual Report.

There have been no material changes to our market risk exposures from those previously disclosed in our 2022 Annual Report, except as described below.

Sensitivities

Interest Rate Risk

We assess interest rate exposure for financial assets and liabilities using hypothetical stress tests and exposure analyses. Assuming all other factors are constant, if there was an immediate parallel increase in interest rates of 25 basis points from levels as of March 31, 2023, we estimate a net decrease to our point-in-time pre-tax income from changes in the fair value of these financial instruments of $570 million, net of offsets. If there was a similar parallel increase in interest rates from levels as of December 31, 2022, we estimate a net decrease to our point-in-time pre-tax income from changes in the fair value of these financial instruments of $524 million, net of offsets. The financial instruments included in the sensitivity analysis are carried at fair value and changes in fair value are recognized in earnings. These financial instruments include derivative instruments, embedded derivatives and certain fixed maturity securities. The sensitivity analysis excludes those financial instruments carried at fair value for which changes in fair value are recognized in equity, such as AFS fixed maturity securities.

Assuming a 25 basis point increase in interest rates that persists for a 12-month period, the estimated impact to spread related earnings would be an increase of approximately $45 – $55 million, and a 25 basis point decrease would generally result in a similar decrease. This is driven by a change in investment income from floating rate assets and liabilities calculated without regard to future changes to assumptions. We are unable to make forward-looking estimates regarding the impact on net income (loss) of changes in interest rates that persist for a period of time as a result of an inability to determine how such changes will affect certain of the items that we characterize as “adjustments to income (loss) before income taxes” in our reconciliation between net income (loss) available to AHL common shareholder and spread related earnings. See Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations—Non-GAAP Measure Reconciliations for the reconciliation of net income (loss) available to AHL common shareholder to spread related earnings. The impact of changing rates on these adjustments is likely to be significant. See above for a discussion regarding the estimated impact on net income (loss) of an immediate, parallel increase in interest rates of 25 basis points from levels as of March 31, 2023, which discussion encompasses the impact of such an increase on certain of the adjustment items.

The models used to estimate the impact of a 25 basis point change in market interest rates incorporate numerous assumptions, require significant estimates and assume an immediate change in interest rates without any discretionary management action to counteract such a change. Consequently, potential changes in our valuations indicated by these simulations will likely be different from the actual changes experienced under any given interest rate scenarios and these differences may be material. Because we actively manage our assets and liabilities, the net exposure to interest rates can vary over time. However, any such decreases in the fair value of fixed maturity securities, unless related to credit concerns of the issuer requiring recognition of credit losses, would generally be realized only if we were required to sell such securities at losses to meet liquidity needs.

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Public Equity Risk

We assess public equity market risk for financial assets and liabilities using hypothetical stress tests and exposure analyses. Assuming all other factors are constant, if there was a decline in public equity market prices of 10% as of March 31, 2023, we estimate a net decrease to our pre-tax income from changes in the fair value of these financial instruments of $408 million. As of December 31, 2022, we estimate that a decline in public equity market prices of 10% would cause a net decrease to our pre-tax income from changes in the fair value of these financial instruments of $312 million. The increase in sensitivity to point-in-time pre-tax income from changes in the fair value of these financial instruments in the estimated outcome as of March 31, 2023, when compared to December 31, 2022, is driven by equity market performance during the quarter, which has resulted in more equity exposure to public equity market price declines. The financial instruments included in the sensitivity analysis are carried at fair value and changes in fair value are recognized in earnings. These financial instruments include public equity investments, derivative instruments and the FIA embedded derivative.

Item 4. Controls and Procedures

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

We maintain disclosure controls and procedures as such term is defined under Exchange Act Rule 13a-15(e), that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in our Exchange Act reports is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms and that such information is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosures. In designing and evaluating the disclosure controls and procedures, our management recognizes that any controls and procedures, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable assurance of achieving the desired control objectives and our management necessarily is required to apply its judgment in evaluating the cost-benefit relationship of possible controls and procedures. We have carried out an evaluation, as of the end of the period covered by this report, under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, of the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures. Based on this evaluation, the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer have concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective at attaining the level of reasonable assurance noted above.

Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

There were no changes to our internal control over financial reporting as defined in Exchange Act Rule 13a-15(f) during the quarter ended March 31, 2023, that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting, except as described below.

Effective January 1, 2023, we adopted ASUs 2020-11, 2019-09 and 2018-12 (collectively, Insurance – Targeted Improvements to the Accounting for Long-Duration Contracts), as discussed in Note 1 – Business, Basis of Presentation and Significant Accounting Policies and Note 2 – Adoption of Accounting Pronouncement of the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements included in Part I – Item 1. Financial Statements of this report. With this implementation, we updated our business processes and related control activities to consider new financial reporting requirements, including controls related to the update of assumptions and process used to determine the liabilities for future policy benefits, market risk benefits and amortization of deferred costs, as well as processes to produce new required disclosures.

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PART II—OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1. Legal Proceedings

We are subject to litigation arising in the ordinary course of our business, including litigation principally relating to our FIA business. We cannot assure you that our insurance coverage will be adequate to cover all liabilities arising out of such claims. The outcomes of legal proceedings and claims brought against us are subject to significant uncertainty. There is significant judgment required in assessing both the probability of an adverse outcome and the determination as to whether an exposure can be reasonably estimated. In management’s opinion, the ultimate disposition of any current legal proceeding or claim brought against us will not have a material effect on our financial condition, results of operations or cash flows. Litigation is, however, inherently uncertain and an adverse outcome from such litigation could have a material effect on the operating results of a particular reporting period.

From time to time, in the ordinary course of business and like others in the insurance and financial services industries, we receive requests for information from government agencies in connection with such agencies’ regulatory or investigatory authority. Such requests can include financial or market conduct examinations, subpoenas or demand letters for documents to assist the government in audits or investigations. We and each of our US insurance subsidiaries review such requests and notices and take appropriate action. We have been subject to certain requests for information and investigations in the past and could be subject to them in the future.

Item 1A. Risk Factors

There have been no material changes to our risk factors from the risk factors previously described in Part I–Item 1A. Risk Factors of our 2022 Annual Report.

Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds

Recent Sales of Unregistered Securities

None.

Issuer Purchases of Securities

None.

Item 6. Exhibits

The exhibits listed in the Exhibit Index immediately below are filed as part of this report, which Exhibit Index is incorporated by reference herein.

EXHIBIT INDEX

Exhibit No.			Description
31.1			Principal Executive Officer Certification Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
31.2			Principal Financial Officer Certification Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
32.1			Principal Executive Officer Certification Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
32.2			Principal Financial Officer Certification Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
101.INS			XBRL Instance Document – the instance document does not appear in the Interactive Data File because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document.
101.SCH			XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema.
101.CAL			XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase.
101.LAB			XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase.
101.PRE			XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase.
101.DEF			XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase.
104			Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as Inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101)

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SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

			ATHENE HOLDING LTD.
Date: May 9, 2023			/s/ Martin P. Klein
			Martin P. Klein
			Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
			(principal financial officer and duly authorized signatory)

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