Atlanticus Holdings Corp - Quarter Report: 2009 September (Form 10-Q)
SECURITIES
AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
WASHINGTON,
D.C. 20549
____________
FORM
10-Q
For
the quarterly period ended September 30, 2009
of
COMPUCREDIT HOLDINGS
CORPORATION
a
Georgia Corporation
IRS
Employer Identification No. 58-2336689
SEC
File Number 0-53717
Five
Concourse Parkway, Suite 400
Atlanta,
Georgia 30328
(770) 828-2000
CompuCredit
Holdings Corporation has filed all reports required to be filed by
Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act during the preceding
twelve months and has been subject to such filing requirements for the past
ninety days. CompuCredit Holdings Corporation is not yet
required to file Interactive Data Files.
CompuCredit
Holdings Corporation is an accelerated filer and is not a shell
company.
As of
October 31, 2009, 47,730,451 shares of Common Stock, no par value, of
CompuCredit Holdings Corporation were outstanding. (This excludes 2,252,388
loaned shares to be returned.)
FORM 10-Q
TABLE
OF CONTENTS
Page
|
|||||
PART I.
FINANCIAL INFORMATION
|
|||||
Item 1.
|
Financial
Statements (Unaudited)
|
||||
1 | |||||
2 | |||||
3 | |||||
4 | |||||
5 | |||||
6 | |||||
Item
2.
|
31 | ||||
Item
3.
|
55 | ||||
Item
4.
|
57 | ||||
PART II.
OTHER INFORMATION
|
|||||
Item
1.
|
58 | ||||
Item 1A.
|
59 | ||||
Item
6.
|
72 | ||||
Signatures | 73 |
Condensed
Consolidated Balance Sheets (Unaudited)
(Dollars
in thousands)
September
30,
2009
|
December
31,
2008
|
|||||||
(as
adjusted)
|
||||||||
Assets
|
||||||||
Cash
and cash equivalents (including restricted cash of $3,639 at September 30,
2009 and $19,913 at December 31, 2008)
|
$ | 119,595 | $ | 94,428 | ||||
Securitized
earning assets
|
122,107 | 813,793 | ||||||
Non-securitized
earning assets, net:
|
||||||||
Loans
and fees receivable, net (of $17,440 and $24,757 in deferred revenue and
$59,340 and $55,753 in allowances for uncollectible loans and fees
receivable at September 30, 2009 and December 31, 2008,
respectively)
|
307,109 | 340,734 | ||||||
Investments
in previously charged-off receivables
|
29,854 | 47,676 | ||||||
Investments
in securities
|
3,151 | 4,678 | ||||||
Deferred
costs, net
|
5,202 | 6,161 | ||||||
Property
at cost, net of depreciation
|
35,439 | 48,297 | ||||||
Investments
in equity-method investees
|
19,152 | 53,093 | ||||||
Intangibles,
net
|
3,030 | 4,547 | ||||||
Goodwill
|
43,413 | 59,129 | ||||||
Prepaid
expenses and other assets
|
41,420 | 52,575 | ||||||
Total
assets
|
$ | 729,472 | $ | 1,525,111 | ||||
Liabilities
|
||||||||
Accounts
payable and accrued expenses
|
$ | 83,601 | $ | 120,235 | ||||
Notes
payable and other borrowings
|
60,889 | 199,939 | ||||||
Convertible
senior notes (Note 9)
|
307,153 | 299,834 | ||||||
Deferred
revenue
|
1,991 | 23,492 | ||||||
Current
and deferred income tax liabilities
|
21,695 | 134,754 | ||||||
Total
liabilities
|
475,329 | 778,254 | ||||||
Commitments
and contingencies (Note 11)
|
||||||||
Equity
|
||||||||
Common
stock, no par value, 150,000,000 shares authorized: 58,639,531 shares
issued and 49,982,839 shares outstanding at September 30, 2009
(including 2,252,388 loaned shares to be returned); and 59,947,301 shares
issued and 51,213,385 shares outstanding at December 31, 2008
(including 3,651,069 loaned shares to be returned)
|
— | — | ||||||
Additional
paid-in capital
|
524,338 | 522,571 | ||||||
Treasury
stock, at cost, 8,656,692 and 8,733,916 shares at September 30, 2009 and
December 31, 2008, respectively
|
(220,375 | ) | (222,310 | ) | ||||
Accumulated
other comprehensive loss
|
(32,572 | ) | (31,431 | ) | ||||
Retained
(deficit) earnings
|
(33,123 | ) | 453,149 | |||||
Total
shareholders’ equity (Note 2)
|
238,268 | 721,979 | ||||||
Noncontrolling
interests (Note 2)
|
15,875 | 24,878 | ||||||
Total
equity
|
254,143 | 746,857 | ||||||
Total
liabilities and equity (Note 2)
|
$ | 729,472 | $ | 1,525,111 |
See
accompanying notes.
Condensed
Consolidated Statements of Operations (Unaudited)
(Dollars
in thousands, except per share data)
For
the Three Months Ended
September
30,
|
For
the Nine Months Ended
September
30,
|
|||||||||||||||
2009
|
2008
|
2009
|
2008
|
|||||||||||||
(as
adjusted)
|
(as
adjusted)
|
|||||||||||||||
Interest
income:
|
||||||||||||||||
Consumer
loans, including past due fees
|
$ | 17,987 | $ | 23,556 | $ | 56,755 | $ | 71,338 | ||||||||
Other
|
325 | 971 | 906 | 4,444 | ||||||||||||
Total
interest income
|
18,312 | 24,527 | 57,661 | 75,782 | ||||||||||||
Interest
expense
|
(9,465 | ) | (12,619 | ) | (29,675 | ) | (39,558 | ) | ||||||||
Net
interest income before fees and related income on non-securitized earning
assets and provision for loan losses
|
8,847 | 11,908 | 27,986 | 36,224 | ||||||||||||
Fees
and related income on non-securitized earning assets
|
58,890 | 42,478 | 142,462 | 146,629 | ||||||||||||
Provision
for loan losses
|
(16,712 | ) | (16,700 | ) | (47,520 | ) | (52,585 | ) | ||||||||
Net
interest income, fees and related income on non-securitized earning
assets
|
51,025 | 37,686 | 122,928 | 130,268 | ||||||||||||
Other
operating (loss) income:
|
||||||||||||||||
(Loss)
gain on securitized earning assets
|
(216,416 | ) | 4,238 | (530,130 | ) | (13,830 | ) | |||||||||
Servicing
income
|
21,999 | 44,537 | 92,873 | 137,691 | ||||||||||||
Ancillary
and interchange revenues
|
4,028 | 14,401 | 15,255 | 45,532 | ||||||||||||
Gain
on repurchase of convertible senior notes
|
— | — | 160 | 13,728 | ||||||||||||
Gain
on buy-out of equity-method investee members
|
— | — | 20,990 | — | ||||||||||||
Equity
in (loss) income of equity-method investees
|
(2,170 | ) | 1,674 | (12,185 | ) | 17,130 | ||||||||||
Total
other operating (loss) income
|
(192,559 | ) | 64,850 | (413,037 | ) | 200,251 | ||||||||||
Other
operating expense:
|
||||||||||||||||
Salaries
and benefits
|
12,182 | 16,407 | 40,257 | 53,094 | ||||||||||||
Card
and loan servicing
|
55,930 | 65,188 | 166,680 | 212,301 | ||||||||||||
Marketing
and solicitation
|
4,418 | 8,754 | 12,472 | 41,653 | ||||||||||||
Depreciation
|
4,520 | 8,351 | 16,161 | 25,621 | ||||||||||||
Goodwill
impairment
|
— | 29,164 | 20,000 | 29,164 | ||||||||||||
Other
|
22,840 | 27,800 | 73,343 | 92,297 | ||||||||||||
Total
other operating expense
|
99,890 | 155,664 | 328,913 | 454,130 | ||||||||||||
Loss
from continuing operations before income taxes
|
(241,424 | ) | (53,128 | ) | (619,022 | ) | (123,611 | ) | ||||||||
Income
tax benefit
|
2,791 | 20,571 | 123,381 | 42,460 | ||||||||||||
Loss
from continuing operations
|
(238,633 | ) | (32,557 | ) | (495,641 | ) | (81,151 | ) | ||||||||
Discontinued
operations:
|
||||||||||||||||
Loss
from discontinued operations before income taxes
|
— | (1,925 | ) | (6,599 | ) | (9,101 | ) | |||||||||
Income
tax benefit
|
— | 674 | 2,310 | 3,186 | ||||||||||||
Loss
from discontinued operations
|
— | (1,251 | ) | (4,289 | ) | (5,915 | ) | |||||||||
Net
loss
|
(238,633 | ) | (33,808 | ) | (499,930 | ) | (87,066 | ) | ||||||||
Net
(income) loss attributable to noncontrolling interests
|
(778 | ) | 30 | 13,658 | (1,471 | ) | ||||||||||
Net
loss attributable to controlling interests
|
$ | (239,411 | ) | $ | (33,778 | ) | $ | (486,272 | ) | $ | (88,537 | ) | ||||
Loss
from continuing operations attributable to controlling interests per
common share—basic
|
$ | (5.02 | ) | $ | (0.68 | ) | $ | (10.11 | ) | $ | (1.74 | ) | ||||
Loss
from continuing operations attributable to controlling interests per
common share—diluted
|
$ | (5.02 | ) | $ | (0.68 | ) | $ | (10.11 | ) | $ | (1.74 | ) | ||||
Loss
from discontinued operations attributable to controlling interests per
common share—basic
|
$ | — | $ | (0.03 | ) | $ | (0.09 | ) | $ | (0.12 | ) | |||||
Loss
from discontinued operations attributable to controlling interests per
common share—diluted
|
$ | — | $ | (0.03 | ) | $ | (0.09 | ) | $ | (0.12 | ) | |||||
Net
loss attributable to controlling interests per common
share—basic
|
$ | (5.02 | ) | $ | (0.71 | ) | $ | (10.20 | ) | $ | (1.86 | ) | ||||
Net
loss attributable to controlling interests per common
share—diluted
|
$ | (5.02 | ) | $ | (0.71 | ) | $ | (10.20 | ) | $ | (1.86 | ) |
See
accompanying notes.
Condensed
Consolidated Statement of Equity (Unaudited)
For
the Nine months Ended September 30, 2009
(Dollars
in thousands)
Common
Stock
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Shares
Issued
|
Amount
|
Additional
Paid-In Capital
|
Treasury
Stock
|
Accumulated
Other Comprehensive Loss
|
Retained
Earnings (Deficit)
|
Noncontrolling
Interests
|
Comprehensive
Loss
|
Total
Equity
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Balance
at December 31, 2008 (as adjusted)
|
59,947,301 | $ | — | $ | 522,571 | $ | (222,310 | ) | $ | (31,431 | ) | $ | 453,149 | $ | 24,878 | $ | — | $ | 746,857 | |||||||||||||||||
Use
of treasury stock for stock-based compensation plans
|
(114,898 | ) | — | (2,054 | ) | 2,054 | — | — | — | — | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Issuance
of restricted stock
|
205,809 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Amortization
of deferred stock-based compensation costs
|
— | — | 6,738 | — | — | — | — | — | 6,738 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Purchase
of treasury stock
|
— | — | — | (119 | ) | — | — | — | — | (119 | ) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Tax
effects of stock-based compensation plans
|
— | — | (1,321 | ) | — | — | — | — | — | (1,321 | ) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Settlement
of contingent earn-out as referenced in Note 10, “Goodwill and Intangible
Assets”
|
— | — | (1,596 | ) | — | — | — | 5,431 | — | 3,835 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Distributions
to owners of noncontrolling interests
|
— | — | — | — | — | — | (774 | ) | — | (774 | ) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Retired
shares
|
(1,398,681 | ) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Comprehensive
loss:
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Net
loss
|
— | — | — | — | — | (486,272 | ) | (13,658 | ) | (499,930 | ) | (499,930 | ) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Foreign
currency translation adjustment, net of tax
|
— | — | — | — | (1,141 | ) | — | (2 | ) | (1,143 | ) | (1,143 | ) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Comprehensive
loss
|
— | — | — | — | — | — | — | $ | (501,073 | ) | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Balance
at September 30, 2009
|
58,639,531 | $ | — | $ | 524,338 | $ | (220,375 | ) | $ | (32,572 | ) | $ | (33,123 | ) | $ | 15,875 | $ | 254,143 |
See
accompanying notes.
Condensed
Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Loss (Unaudited)
(Dollars
in thousands)
For the Three
Months Ended
September
30,
|
For the Nine
Months Ended
September
30,
|
|||||||||||||||
2009
|
2008
|
2009
|
2008
|
|||||||||||||
(as
adjusted)
|
(as
adjusted)
|
|||||||||||||||
Net
loss
|
$ | (238,633 | ) | $ | (33,808 | ) | $ | (499,930 | ) | $ | (87,066 | ) | ||||
Other
comprehensive loss:
|
||||||||||||||||
Foreign
currency translation adjustment
|
(2,484 | ) | (15,993 | ) | 10,763 | (16,272 | ) | |||||||||
Income
tax benefit (expense) related to other comprehensive loss
|
1 | 4,502 | (11,906 | ) | 4,598 | |||||||||||
Comprehensive
loss
|
(241,116 | ) | (45,299 | ) | (501,073 | ) | (98,740 | ) | ||||||||
Comprehensive
(income) loss attributable to noncontrolling interests
|
(778 | ) | 29 | 13,660 | (1,476 | ) | ||||||||||
Comprehensive
loss attributable to controlling interests
|
$ | (241,894 | ) | $ | (45,270 | ) | $ | (487,413 | ) | $ | (100,216 | ) |
See
accompanying notes.
Condensed
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (Unaudited)
(Dollars
in thousands)
For
the Nine Months Ended
September 30,
|
||||||||
2009
|
2008
|
|||||||
(as
adjusted)
|
||||||||
Operating
activities
|
||||||||
Net
loss
|
$ | (499,930 | ) | $ | (87,066 | ) | ||
Adjustments
to reconcile net loss to net cash provided by operating
activities:
|
||||||||
Depreciation
expense
|
16,202 | 25,756 | ||||||
Impairment
of goodwill
|
23,483 | 30,296 | ||||||
Provision
for loan losses
|
48,212 | 53,792 | ||||||
Amortization
and impairment of intangibles
|
1,518 | 1,840 | ||||||
Accretion
of deferred revenue
|
(21,500 | ) | (11,583 | ) | ||||
Stock-based
compensation expense
|
6,738 | 7,499 | ||||||
Retained
interests adjustments, net
|
960,764 | 451,264 | ||||||
Unrealized
loss on debt and equity securities classified as trading
securities
|
— | 1,950 | ||||||
Gain
on repurchase of convertible senior notes
|
(160 | ) | (13,728 | ) | ||||
Interest
expense accreted on convertible senior notes
|
7,572 | 7,570 | ||||||
Gain
on buy-out of equity-method investee members
|
(20,990 | ) | — | |||||
Income
in excess of distributions from equity-method investments
|
— | (20 | ) | |||||
Changes
in assets and liabilities, exclusive of business
acquisitions:
|
||||||||
Net
(increase) decrease in valuation of debt, equity and U.S. government
securities classified as trading securities
|
(309 | ) | 18,217 | |||||
Decrease
in uncollected fees on non-securitized earning assets
|
6,870 | 11,411 | ||||||
Decrease
in deferred costs
|
958 | 1,799 | ||||||
(Decrease)
increase in income tax liability
|
(126,208 | ) | 41,524 | |||||
Increase
in deferred revenue
|
— | 1,914 | ||||||
Decrease
(increase) in prepaid expenses
|
6,177 | (25,972 | ) | |||||
Decrease
in accounts payable and accrued expenses
|
(34,721 | ) | (39,667 | ) | ||||
Other
|
4,566 | (10,248 | ) | |||||
Net
cash provided by operating activities
|
379,242 | 466,548 | ||||||
Investing
activities
|
||||||||
Purchase
of third-party interest in equity-method investee
|
(19,542 | ) | — | |||||
Proceeds
from equity-method investees
|
53,483 | 9,506 | ||||||
Investments
in securitized earning assets
|
(448,544 | ) | (1,358,460 | ) | ||||
Proceeds
from securitized earning assets
|
209,695 | 1,023,686 | ||||||
Investments
in non-securitized earning assets
|
(711,248 | ) | (925,405 | ) | ||||
Proceeds
from non-securitized earning assets
|
709,233 | 820,963 | ||||||
Acquisition
of assets
|
(621 | ) | — | |||||
Purchases
and development of buildings, software, furniture, fixtures and equipment,
net of disposals
|
(2,444 | ) | (6,865 | ) | ||||
Net
cash used in investing activities
|
(209,988 | ) | (436,575 | ) | ||||
Financing
activities
|
||||||||
Noncontrolling
interests distributions, net
|
(774 | ) | (4,880 | ) | ||||
Proceeds
from exercise of stock options
|
— | 74 | ||||||
Purchase
of treasury stock
|
(119 | ) | (564 | ) | ||||
Purchase
of noncontrolling interest
|
(1,096 | ) | — | |||||
Proceeds
from borrowings
|
52,897 | 88,376 | ||||||
Repayment
of borrowings
|
(195,755 | ) | (129,402 | ) | ||||
Net
cash used in financing activities
|
(144,847 | ) | (46,396 | ) | ||||
Effect
of exchange rate changes on cash
|
760 | (1,739 | ) | |||||
Net
increase (decrease) in cash
|
25,167 | (18,162 | ) | |||||
Cash
and cash equivalents at beginning of period
|
94,428 | 137,526 | ||||||
Cash
and cash equivalents at end of period
|
$ | 119,595 | $ | 119,364 | ||||
Supplemental
cash flow information
|
||||||||
Cash
paid for interest
|
$ | 23,284 | $ | 22,699 | ||||
Net
cash paid for (refunds of) income taxes
|
$ | 131 | $ | (87,094 | ) | |||
Supplemental
non-cash information
|
||||||||
Notes
payable associated with capital leases
|
$ | 1,011 | $ | 6,839 | ||||
Issuance
of stock options and restricted stock
|
$ | 1,129 | $ | 6,989 |
See
accompanying notes.
Notes
to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
September
30, 2009
1.
|
Basis
of Presentation
|
We have
prepared our condensed consolidated financial statements in accordance with
accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America
(“GAAP”) for interim financial information and with the instructions to
Form 10-Q and Article 10 of Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”)
Regulation S-X. Accordingly, they do not include all of the information and
notes required by GAAP for complete consolidated financial statements. In the
opinion of management, all normal recurring adjustments considered necessary to
fairly state the results for the interim periods presented have been included.
The preparation of condensed consolidated financial statements in conformity
with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the
reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets
and liabilities at the date of our condensed consolidated financial statements,
as well as the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting
period. Actual results could differ from these estimates. Certain estimates,
such as credit losses, payment rates, costs of funds, discount rates and the
yields earned on securitized receivables, significantly affect our reported loss
on retained interests in credit card receivables securitized (which is a
component of loss on securitized earning assets on our condensed consolidated
statements of operations) and the reported value of securitized earning assets
on our condensed consolidated balance sheets. Additionally, estimates of future
credit losses on our non-securitized loans and fees receivable have a
significant effect on the provision for loan losses within our condensed
consolidated statements of operations and loans and fees receivable, net, which
is a component of non-securitized earning assets, net on our condensed
consolidated balance sheets. Operating results for the three and nine months
ended September 30, 2009 are not necessarily indicative of what our results will
be for the year ending December 31, 2009.
We have
reclassified certain amounts in our prior period condensed consolidated
financial statements to conform to current period presentation, and we have
eliminated all significant intercompany balances and transactions for financial
reporting purposes.
Our prior
year reclassifications include those required for the retrospective application
of two new accounting pronouncements that are first effective for us under GAAP
in our 2009 consolidated financial statements—specifically, a pronouncement that
resulted in the reclassification of our prior liability for minority interests
to a new noncontrolling interests component of total equity and a pronouncement
that resulted in reclassifications of consolidated balance sheet balances from
deferred loan costs and convertible senior notes to additional paid-in capital
and in associated reclassifications among retained earnings and deferred tax
liabilities. Retrospective application of this latter pronouncement also had the
effect of increasing interest expense and, accordingly, decreasing net income
within our condensed consolidated statements of operations for the three and
nine months ended September 30, 2008.
On
June 30, 2009, we completed a reorganization through which CompuCredit
Corporation, our former parent company, became a wholly owned subsidiary of
CompuCredit Holdings Corporation. We effected this reorganization through a
merger pursuant to an Agreement and Plan of Merger, dated as of June 2,
2009, by and among CompuCredit Corporation, CompuCredit Holdings Corporation and
CompuCredit Merger Sub, Inc., and as a result of the reorganization, each
outstanding share of CompuCredit Corporation common stock was automatically
converted into one share of CompuCredit Holdings Corporation common
stock.
As a
result of the reorganization, CompuCredit Corporation common stock is no longer
publicly traded, and CompuCredit Holdings Corporation common stock commenced
trading on the NASDAQ Global Select Market on July 1, 2009 under the symbol
“CCRT,” the same symbol under which CompuCredit Corporation common stock was
previously listed and traded.
The
post-reorganization condensed consolidated financial statements presented herein
are presented on the same basis as and can be compared to the condensed
consolidated financial statements reported in CompuCredit Corporation’s prior
quarterly and annual reports filed with the SEC. The accompanying condensed
consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2008 has been derived from
and should be read in connection with the audited consolidated financial
statements included in CompuCredit Corporation’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for
the fiscal year ended December 31, 2008; likewise, it should be read in
conjunction with management’s discussion and analysis of financial condition and
results of operations also contained in that Annual Report.
2. Summary of Significant Accounting
Policies and Condensed Consolidated Financial Statement
Components
The
following is a summary of significant accounting policies we follow in preparing
our consolidated financial statements, as well as a description of significant
components of our consolidated financial statements.
Restricted
Cash
Restricted
cash as of September 30, 2009 includes (1) certain collections on receivables
within our Auto Finance segment, the cash balances of which are required to be
distributed to noteholders under our debt facilities and (2) cash collateral
balances underlying standby letters of credit that have been issued in favor of
certain regulators in connection with our retail micro-loan
activities.
Non-Securitized
Earning Assets, Net
The
components of non-securitized earning assets, net, on our condensed consolidated
balance sheets include (1) loans and fees receivable, net, (2) investments in
previously charged-off receivables and (3) investments in
securities.
Loans and Fees
Receivable, Net. Loans and fees
receivable, net, currently consists of receivables associated with our retail
and Internet micro-loan activities, our auto finance business and credit card
accounts opened under our Investment in Previously Charged-off Receivables
segment’s balance transfer program.
As
applicable, we show loans and fees receivable net of both an allowance for
uncollectible loans and fees receivable and unearned fees (or “deferred
revenue”) in accordance with applicable accounting rules.
We account for the loans
and fees receivable associated with our acquisition of a $189.0 million auto
loan portfolio from Patelco Credit Union (“Patelco”) under accounting rules that
limit the yield that may be accreted (accretable yield) to the excess of our
estimate of undiscounted expected principal, interest, and other cash flows
(including the effects of prepayments) expected to be collected on the date of
acquisition over our initial investment in the loans and fees receivable. The
excess of contractual cash flows over cash flows expected to be collected
(nonaccretable difference) is not recognized as an adjustment of yield, loss
accrual or valuation allowance. The following tables show (in thousands) a
roll-forward of accretable yield for our loans for which we apply these rules,
as well as the carrying amounts of and gross loans and fees receivable balances
of our loans for which we apply these rules.
For the Three
Months Ended
September
30,
|
For the Nine
Months Ended
September
30,
|
|||||||||||||||
2009
|
2008
|
2009
|
2008
|
|||||||||||||
Roll-forward
of accretable yield:
|
||||||||||||||||
Balance
at beginning of period
|
$ | (10,923 | ) | $ | (20,363 | ) | $ | (15,934 | ) | $ | (28,737 | ) | ||||
Impairment
of accretable yield
|
— | — | (404 | ) | — | |||||||||||
Accretion
of yield
|
2,212 | 3,506 | 7,627 | 11,880 | ||||||||||||
Balance
at end of period
|
$ | (8,711 | ) | $ | (16,857 | ) | $ | (8,711 | ) | $ | (16,857 | ) |
Acquired
loans and fees receivable subject to accretable yield accounting
rules:
|
||||
Carrying
amount of loans and fees receivable at acquisition date
|
$ | 160,592 | ||
Carrying
amount of loans and fees receivable at September 30, 2009
|
$ | 43,976 | ||
Gross
loans and fees receivable balance at acquisition date
|
$ | 191,976 | ||
Gross
loans and fees receivable balance at September 30, 2009
|
$ | 50,220 |
A
roll-forward of the components of loans and fees receivable, net (in millions)
between our December 31, 2008 and September 30, 2009 consolidated balance sheet
dates is as follows:
Balance
at
December 31,
2008
|
Additions
|
Subtractions
|
Balance
at
September
30,
2009
|
|||||||||||||
Loans and fees receivable, gross
|
$ | 421.3 | $ | 765.3 | $ | (802.8 | ) | $ | 383.8 | |||||||
Deferred
revenue
|
(24.8 | ) | (51.5 | ) | 58.9 | (17.4 | ) | |||||||||
Allowance
for uncollectible loans and fees receivable
|
(55.8 | ) | (47.5 | ) | 44.0 | (59.3 | ) | |||||||||
Loans and fees receivable, net | $ |
340.7
|
$ |
666.3
|
$ |
(699.9)
|
$ | 307.1 |
As of
September 30, 2009, the weighted average remaining accretion period for the
$17.4 million of deferred revenue reflected in the above table was 22.6
months.
A
roll-forward of our allowance for uncollectible loans and fees receivable (in
millions) during each of the three and nine months ended September 30, 2009 and
2008, respectively, is as follows:
For
the Three Months Ended
September
30,
|
For
the Nine Months Ended
September
30,
|
|||||||||||||||
2009
|
2008
|
2009
|
2008
|
|||||||||||||
Balance
at beginning of period
|
$ | (56.7 | ) | $ | (55.7 | ) | $ | (55.8 | ) | $ | (51.5 | ) | ||||
Provision
for loan losses
|
(16.7 | ) | (16.7 | ) | (47.5 | ) | (52.6 | ) | ||||||||
Charge
offs
|
15.0 | 21.2 | 47.8 | 57.9 | ||||||||||||
Recoveries
|
(0.9 | ) | (1.5 | ) | (3.8 | ) | (6.5 | ) | ||||||||
Balance
at end of period
|
$ | (59.3 | ) | $ | (52.7 | ) | $ | (59.3 | ) | $ | (52.7 | ) |
Investments in
Previously Charged-Off Receivables. The following table shows (in
thousands) a roll-forward of our investments in previously charged-off
receivables activities:
For the Three
Months
Ended
September
30, 2009
|
For the Nine
Months
Ended
September
30, 2009
|
|||||||
Unrecovered
balance at beginning of period
|
$ | 59,271 | $ | 47,676 | ||||
Acquisitions
of defaulted accounts
|
8,776 | 40,427 | ||||||
Cash
collections
|
(54,668 | ) | (82,889 | ) | ||||
Cost-recovery
method income recognized on defaulted accounts (included within fees and
related income on non-securitized earning assets on our consolidated
statements of operations) (1)
|
16,475 | 24,640 | ||||||
Unrecovered
balance at end of period
|
$ | 29,854 | $ | 29,854 | ||||
Estimated
remaining collections (“ERC”)
|
$ | 86,946 | $ | 86,946 |
(1)
Amount includes $21.2 million in accretion associated with the culmination of
the Encore forward flow agreement.
Our
previously charged-off receivables consist of amounts associated with normal
delinquency charged-off accounts, accounts for which debtors have filed for
bankruptcy protection under Chapter 13 of the United States Bankruptcy Code
(“Chapter 13 Bankruptcies”) and accounts participating in or acquired in
connection with our balance transfer program prior to such time as we issue
credit cards relating to the accounts.
We
estimate the life of each pool of previously charged-off receivables acquired by
us generally to be between twenty-four and thirty-six months for normal
delinquency charged-off accounts and approximately sixty months for Chapter 13
Bankruptcies. We anticipate collecting 37.7% of the ERC of the existing accounts
over the next twelve months, with the balance to be collected
thereafter.
In 2005,
our Investment in Previously Charged-off Receivables segment entered into a
forward flow contract to sell previously charged-off receivables to a subsidiary
of Encore Capital Group, Inc. (collectively with all other subsidiaries or
affiliates of Encore Capital Group, Inc. to which we refer, “Encore”). On
July 10, 2008, Encore did not purchase certain accounts as contemplated by
the forward flow contract, alleging that we breached certain representations and
warranties set forth in the contract (based upon then-outstanding allegations
made by the Federal Trade Commission (“FTC”)). Subsequently, both our subsidiary
and Encore advised one another that they were in default of various obligations
under the contract and various related agreements among them, and the parties
proceeded to resolve these disputes through arbitration. Immediately prior to
the arbitration panel hearing in the third quarter of 2009, we settled our
outstanding disputes with Encore. The settlement resulted in the recognition of
the remaining $21.2 million in deferred revenue in the third quarter of 2009 and
a corresponding release of $8.7 million in restricted cash—both in exchange for
Encore’s purchase of previously charged-off credit card receivables that had
been offered to Encore throughout the period covered by the forward flow
agreement and Encore’s resumed offering of volumes of previously charged-off
receivables it has purchased for placement under our balance transfer program.
Inclusive of all liabilities extinguished and amounts received and paid in
connection with our settlement with Encore, the settlement resulted in a net
gain of $11.0 million which is reflected in our condensed consolidated
statements of operations for the three and nine months ended September 30,
2009.
Investments in
Securities. We periodically have invested in debt and equity securities.
We generally have classified our purchased debt and equity securities as trading
securities and included realized and unrealized gains and losses in earnings in
accordance with applicable accounting rules. Additionally, we occasionally have
received distributions of debt securities from our equity-method investees, and
we have classified such distributed debt securities as held to maturity. The
carrying values (in thousands) of our investments in debt and equity securities
are as follows:
As
of
September 30,
2009
|
As
of
December
31, 2008
|
|||||||
Held
to maturity:
|
||||||||
Investments
in debt securities of equity-method investees
|
$ | 2,549 | $ | 4,385 | ||||
Trading:
|
||||||||
Investments
in equity securities
|
602 | 293 | ||||||
Total
investments in securities
|
$ | 3,151 | $ | 4,678 |
Prepaid
Expenses and Other Assets
Prepaid
expenses and other assets include amounts paid to third parties for marketing
and other services. We expense these amounts once services have been performed
or marketing efforts have been undertaken. Also included are (1) various
deposits (totaling $11.1 million as of September 30, 2009) required to be
maintained with our third-party issuing bank partners and retail electronic
payment network providers (including $6.9 million as of September 30, 2009
associated with our ongoing servicing efforts in the United Kingdom),
(2) vehicle inventory held by our buy-here, pay-here auto dealerships that
we expense as cost of goods sold (within fees and related income on
non-securitized earning assets on our consolidated statements of operations) as
we earn associated sales revenues, and (3) a $10.0 million deposit at a former
third-party issuing bank partner (Columbus Bank and Trust Company) which is the
subject of broader outstanding litigation between Columbus Bank and Trust
Company and Synovus Financial Corporation (collectively, “CB&T”) and us. See
Note 11, “Commitments and Contingencies,” for additional information regarding
this outstanding litigation.
Deferred
Costs
The
principal components of deferred costs include unamortized costs associated with
our (1) receivables origination activities and (2) issuances of
convertible senior notes and other debt. We defer direct receivables origination
costs for our credit card receivables and amortize them against credit card fee
income on a straight-line basis over the privilege period, which is typically
one year. We generally amortize deferred costs associated with our convertible
senior notes into interest expense over the expected life of the instruments;
however, we accelerate the recovery of an appropriate pro-rata portion of these
costs against gains on repurchases of our convertible senior notes. On January
1, 2009, we were required to adopt a GAAP pronouncement that resulted in the
reclassification of $4.8 million of deferred loan costs associated with our
convertible senior notes as a reduction to equity, and as required, we have
retrospectively applied this pronouncement within prior period consolidated
financial statements as if the accounting pronouncement had applied in financial
reporting periods prior to its January 1, 2009 effective date. See Note 9,
“Convertible Senior Notes, Notes Payable and Other Borrowings,” for additional
effects of our adoption of this pronouncement.
Income
Taxes
We
account for income taxes based on the liability method required by applicable
accounting rules. Under the liability method, deferred income taxes reflect the
net tax effects of temporary differences between the carrying amounts of assets
and liabilities for financial reporting purposes and the amounts used for income
tax purposes. Additionally, we assess the probability that a tax position we
have taken may not ultimately be sustained on audit, and we reevaluate our
uncertain tax positions on a quarterly basis. We base these reevaluations on
factors including, but not limited to, changes in facts and circumstances,
changes in tax law, effectively settled issues under audit, and new audit
activity. A change in recognition or measurement would result in the
recognition of a tax benefit or an additional charge to tax expense. The
accounting rules also require that we assess the need to establish a valuation
allowance against deferred tax assets by evaluating available evidence to
determine whether it is more likely than not that some or all of the deferred
tax assets will be realized in the future. To the extent there is
insufficient positive evidence to support the realization of the deferred tax
assets, we establish a valuation allowance.
We
conduct business globally, and as a result, one or more of our subsidiaries
files U.S. federal, state and/or foreign income tax returns. In the normal
course of business we are subject to examination by taxing authorities
throughout the world, including such major jurisdictions as the United States,
the United Kingdom, and the Netherlands. With a few exceptions, we are no longer
subject to U.S. federal, state, local, or foreign income tax examinations for
years prior to 2006. Currently, we are under audit by various jurisdictions for
various years, including the Internal Revenue Service for the 2007
tax year.
Although the audits have not been concluded, we do not expect any changes to the
tax liabilities reported in those years. If any such changes arise, however, we
do not expect them to be material.
We
recognize potential accrued interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax
benefits in income tax expense. We recognized $0.6 million and $2.0
million and $0.7 million and $2.1 million in potential interest and penalties
associated with uncertain tax positions during the three and nine months ended
September 30, 2009 and September 30, 2008, respectively. To the
extent such interest and penalties are not assessed as a result of a resolution
of the underlying tax position, amounts accrued will be reduced and reflected as
a reduction of income tax expense. We recognized such a reduction in the amount
of $1.8 million in the three months ended September 30, 2009, related to
the closing of the statute of limitations for our 2005 U.S. federal income tax
return.
Our
overall effective tax rates (computed considering results for both continuing
and discontinued operations before income taxes in the aggregate) were 1.2% and
20.1% for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2009, compared to 38.6%
and 34.4% for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2008. We have
experienced no material changes in effective tax rates associated with
differences in filing jurisdictions or changes in law between these periods, and
the variations in effective tax rates between these periods are substantially
related to the effects of $85.1 million and $95.8 million in valuation
allowances provided against income statement-oriented U.S. federal deferred tax
assets during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2009, respectively.
As computed without regard to the effects of all U.S. federal, state, local and
foreign tax valuation allowances taken against income statement-oriented
deferred tax assets, our effective tax rates would have been 36.4% and 35.4% for
the three and nine months ended September 30, 2009, respectively, and 39.1% and
34.6% for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2008,
respectively.
In
addition to the U.S. federal, state, local and foreign tax valuation allowances
taken against income statement-oriented deferred tax assets in the three and
nine months ended September 30, 2009, we provided a $0.3 million and $9.3
million valuation allowance against U.S. federal deferred tax assets related to
the accumulated other comprehensive loss component within consolidated
shareholders’ equity in the three and nine months ended September 30,
2009.
Fees
and Related Income on Non-Securitized Earning Assets
Fees and
related income on non-securitized earning assets primarily
include: (1) lending fees associated with our retail and
Internet micro-loan activities; (2) fees associated with our lower-tier
credit card receivables during periods in which we have held them on balance
sheet; (3) income associated with our investments in previously
charged-off receivables; (4) gains and losses associated with our
investments in securities; and (5) gross profits from auto sales within our
Auto Finance segment.
The
components (in thousands) of our fees and related income on non-securitized
earning assets are as follows:
For
the Three Months Ended
September
30,
|
For
the Nine Months Ended
September
30,
|
|||||||||||||||
2009
|
2008
|
2009
|
2008
|
|||||||||||||
Retail
micro-loan fees
|
$ | 19,393 | $ | 16,177 | $ | 52,635 | $ | 51,384 | ||||||||
Internet
micro-loan fees
|
18,636 | 12,362 | 45,528 | 30,132 | ||||||||||||
Fees
on lower-tier credit card receivables while held on balance
sheet
|
— | 960 | — | 6,363 | ||||||||||||
Income
on investments in previously charged-off receivables (including income
associated with the settlement of our dispute with Encore)
|
16,475 | 4,892 | 24,640 | 34,718 | ||||||||||||
Gross
profit on auto sales
|
4,274 | 7,355 | 17,883 | 25,362 | ||||||||||||
Gains
(losses) on investments in securities
|
146 | (276 | ) | 309 | (6,527 | ) | ||||||||||
Other
|
(34 | ) | 1,008 | 1,467 | 5,197 | |||||||||||
Total
fees and related income on non-securitized earning assets
|
$ | 58,890 | $ | 42,478 | $ | 142,462 | $ | 146,629 |
Loss
on Securitized Earning Assets
Loss on
securitized earning assets is the net of (1) securitization gains, (2)
losses on retained interests in credit card receivables securitized and
(3) returned-check, cash advance and certain other fees associated with our
securitized credit card receivables, both of which are detailed (in thousands)
in the following table.
For the Three Months
Ended
September
30,
|
For
the Nine Months Ended
September
30,
|
|||||||||||||||
2009 | 2008 | 2009 | 2008 | |||||||||||||
Securitization
gain
|
$ | 113,961 | $ | — | $ | 113,961 | $ | — | ||||||||
Loss
on retained interests in credit card receivables
securitized
|
(334,035 | ) | (3,571 | ) | (657,869 | ) | (37,409 | ) | ||||||||
Fees
on securitized receivables
|
3,658 | 7,809 | 13,778 | 23,579 | ||||||||||||
Total
(loss) gain on securitized earning assets
|
$ | (216,416 | ) | $ | 4,238 | $ | (530,130 | ) | $ | (13,830 | ) |
Recent
Accounting Pronouncements
In
October 2009, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (the “FASB”) issued new
rules providing that at the date of issuance, a share-lending arrangement
entered into on an entity's own shares in contemplation of a convertible debt
offering or other financing is required to be measured at fair value and
recognized as a debt issuance cost in the financial statements of the entity.
The debt issuance cost shall be amortized using the effective interest method
over the life of the financing arrangement as interest cost. The new
rules also provide that the loaned shares are excluded from basic and diluted
earnings per share unless default of the share-lending arrangement occurs, at
which time the loaned shares would be included in the common and diluted
earnings per share calculations. These new rules are effective for
fiscal years, and interim periods within those years, beginning after December
15, 2009 and are to be applied retrospectively to all arrangements outstanding
on the effective date. We currently are assessing the impact of this development
on the convertible senior notes that we issued in November 2005.
In June
2009, the FASB issued new accounting rules that, in addition to requiring
certain new securitization and structured financing-related disclosures that
have been incorporated into our condensed consolidated financial statements as
of and for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2009, are expected to
result in the consolidation of our securitization trusts onto our consolidated
balance sheet effective as of January 1, 2010. As a result, cash and credit card
receivables held by our securitization trusts and debt issued from those
entities will be presented as assets and liabilities on our consolidated balance
sheet effective on that date. Initial adoption of these new accounting rules is
expected to have a material impact on our reported financial condition. However,
because we have not yet decided whether to exercise an available option under
these rules under which we would be required to value both the credit card
receivables and debt outstanding within our securitization trusts at fair value,
we are uncertain whether our adoption of the new rules will result in materially
favorable or adverse effects on our reported financial condition. If we exercise
the fair value option permitted under the new rules, we expect favorable effects
on our reported financial condition; whereas, if we do not exercise the fair
value option, we expect adverse effects on our reported financial condition.
Moreover, after adoption of these new rules, we will no longer reflect our
securitization trusts’ results of operations within losses on retained interests
in credit card receivables securitized, but will instead report interest income
and provisions for loan losses (as well as gains and/or losses associated with
fair value changes should we exercise the fair value option) with respect to the
credit card receivables held within our securitization trusts; similarly, we
will begin to separately report interest expense (as well as gains and/or losses
associated with fair value changes should we exercise the fair value option)
with respect to the debt issued from the securitization trusts. Lastly, because
we will account for our securitization transactions under these new accounting
rules as secured borrowings rather than asset sales, we will begin to present
the cash flows from these transactions as cash flows from financing activities,
rather than as cash flows from investing activities.
In April
2009, the FASB issued new other-than-temporary impairment accounting rules for
debt securities, indicating that a company should continue to assess its intent
and ability to hold a security to maturity and to assess whether the fair value
of a debt security is less than its amortized cost basis. If the fair value is
determined to be less than the amortized cost basis, the company should make the
determination of whether the impairment is other-than-temporary. The new rules
also call for additional disclosure and are effective for periods ending after
June 15, 2009. Our adoption of these rules did not have a material impact on our
condensed consolidated financial statements.
In June
2008, the FASB ratified a consensus reached by the EITF on the determination of
whether an equity-linked financial instrument (or embedded feature) is indexed
to an entity's own stock. After considering these new rules, we re-affirmed our
conclusion reached in 2005 that we are not required to bifurcate and separately
account for any of the embedded features within our convertible senior
notes.
Also in
June 2008, the FASB issued new rules addressing whether unvested equity-based
awards are participating securities and, therefore, need to be included in the
earnings allocation in computing earnings per share under the two-class method
described in previously issued accounting rules. These new rules were
effective for us January 1, 2009, and all prior period earnings per share data
presented in financial statements have been adjusted retrospectively to conform
to the new rules. See Note 12, “Net Loss Attributable to
Controlling Interests Per Common Share,” for further information regarding the
computation of earnings per share.
In May
2008, the FASB issued new rules addressing convertible instruments that may be
settled in cash upon conversion (including partial cash settlement). These rules
address instruments commonly referred to as Instrument C type instruments. Those
instruments essentially require the issuer to settle the principal amount in
cash and the conversion spread in cash or net shares at the issuer’s option.
These rules are effective for fiscal periods beginning after December 15,
2008, did not permit early application, and are required to be applied
retrospectively to all periods presented. Our January 1, 2009 adoption of these
rules resulted in an increase in shareholders’ equity of $56.1
million. See the table below for a roll-forward of the impacts of our
adoption of these rules.
In December 2007, the FASB
issued new accounting rules that significantly changed the accounting for
business combinations. Under these rules, an acquiring entity is required, with
limited exceptions, to recognize all the assets acquired and liabilities assumed
in a transaction at the acquisition-date fair value. The rules change the
accounting treatment for certain specific items, including:
|
•
|
Acquisition
costs generally are expensed as
incurred;
|
|
•
|
Noncontrolling
interests (formerly known as minority interests) are valued at fair value
at the acquisition date;
|
|
•
|
Acquired
contingent liabilities are recorded at fair value at the acquisition date
and subsequently measured at either the higher of such amount or the
amount determined under previously existing rules for non-acquired
contingencies;
|
|
•
|
In-process
research and development is recorded at fair value as an indefinite-lived
intangible asset at the acquisition
date;
|
|
•
|
Restructuring
costs associated with a business combination are generally expensed
subsequent to the acquisition date;
and
|
|
•
|
Changes
in deferred tax asset valuation allowances and income tax uncertainties
after the acquisition date generally affect income tax
expense.
|
The new
rules also include a substantial number of new disclosure requirements. They
apply prospectively to business combinations for which the acquisition date is
on or after the beginning of the first annual reporting period beginning on or
after December 15, 2008, and earlier adoption was prohibited. While the new
rules significantly affect the way that we will account for future acquisitions,
we adopted them on January 1, 2009 with no material effects on our
consolidated results of operations, financial position or cash
flows.
Also in
December 2007, the FASB issued new accounting requirements that establish new
accounting and reporting standards for the noncontrolling interests in a
subsidiary and for the deconsolidation of a subsidiary. Specifically, these
rules require the recognition of any noncontrolling interests (minority
interests) as equity in the consolidated financial statements and separate from
the parent's equity. The amount of net income attributable to the noncontrolling
interests is included in consolidated net income on the face of the income
statement. The rules also clarify that changes in a parent's ownership interest
in a subsidiary that do not result in deconsolidation are equity transactions if
the parent retains its controlling financial interest. In addition, the rules
require that a parent recognize a gain or loss in net income when a subsidiary
is deconsolidated. Such gain or loss is measured using the fair value of the
noncontrolling equity investment on the deconsolidation date. The rules also
include expanded disclosure requirements regarding the interests of the parent
and its noncontrolling interests. These new rules are effective for fiscal
years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning on or after
December 15, 2008, and earlier adoption was prohibited. We adopted these
rules on January 1, 2009 with no material effects (other than the effects
of reclassification of our noncontrolling interests as a component of equity) on
our consolidated results of operations, financial position or cash
flows.
The
following details (in thousands, except for per share data) the effects of
retrospective application of the new accounting rules concerning Instrument C
convertible debt and noncontrolling interests:
As
originally reported
|
Retrospective
application of Instrument C convertible debt rules
|
Retrospective
application of noncontrolling interests rules
|
As
adjusted
|
|||||||||||||
Additional
paid-in capital (as of December 31, 2008)
|
$ | 413,857 | $ | 108,714 | $ | — | $ | 522,571 | ||||||||
Retained
earnings (as of December 31, 2008)
|
$ | 505,728 | $ | (52,579 | ) | $ | — | $ | 453,149 | |||||||
Total
equity (as of December 31,2008)
|
$ | 665,844 | $ | 56,135 | $ | 24,878 | $ | 746,857 | ||||||||
Loss
from continuing operations (for the three months ended September 30, 2008)
(1)
|
$ | (31,001 | ) | $ | (1,526 | ) | $ | (30 | ) | $ | (32,557 | ) | ||||
Net
loss (for the three months ended September 30, 2008)
|
$ | (32,252 | ) | $ | (1,526 | ) | $ | (30 | ) | $ | (33,808 | ) | ||||
Loss
from continuing operations attributable to controlling interests per
common share (for the three months ended September 30, 2008)—basic
(1)
|
$ | (0.65 | ) | $ | (0.03 | ) | $ | — | $ | (0.68 | ) | |||||
Loss
from continuing operations attributable to controlling interests per
common share (for the three months ended September 30, 2008)—diluted
(1)
|
$ | (0.65 | ) | $ | (0.03 | ) | $ | — | $ | (0.68 | ) | |||||
Net
loss attributable to controlling interests per common share (for the three
months ended September 30, 2008)—basic
|
$ | (0.68 | ) | $ | (0.03 | ) | $ | — | $ | (0.71 | ) | |||||
Net
loss attributable to controlling interests per common share (for the three
months ended September 30, 2008)—diluted
|
$ | (0.68 | ) | $ | (0.03 | ) | $ | — | $ | (0.71 | ) | |||||
Loss
from continuing operations (for the nine months ended September 30, 2008)
(1)
|
$ | (68,789 | ) | $ | (13,833 | ) | $ | 1,471 | $ | (81,151 | ) | |||||
Net
loss (for the nine months ended September 30, 2008)
|
$ | (74,704 | ) | $ | (13,833 | ) | $ | 1,471 | $ | (87,066 | ) | |||||
Loss
from continuing operations attributable to controlling interests per
common share (for the nine months ended September 30, 2008)—basic
(1)
|
$ | (1.45 | ) | $ | (0.29 | ) | $ | — | $ | (1.74 | ) | |||||
Loss
from continuing operations attributable to controlling interests per
common share (for the nine months ended September 30, 2008)—diluted
(1)
|
$ | (1.45 | ) | $ | (0.29 | ) | $ | — | $ | (1.74 | ) | |||||
Net
loss attributable to controlling interests per common share (for the nine
months ended September 30, 2008)—basic
|
$ | (1.57 | ) | $ | (0.29 | ) | $ | — | $ | (1.86 | ) | |||||
Net
loss attributable to controlling interests per common share (for the nine
months ended September 30, 2008)—diluted
|
$ | (1.57 | ) | $ | (0.29 | ) | $ | — | $ | (1.86 | ) |
(1) Prior
period “As originally reported” amounts have been restated to report the impact
of discontinued operations.
3. Discontinued
Operations
In May 2009, we discontinued our Retail
Micro-Loans segment’s Arkansas operations based on regulatory opposition we
faced within that state; as such, our Arkansas retail micro-loan results of
operations have been classified as discontinued operations for all periods
presented. Reflecting both our discontinued Arkansas operations, as well as
those of other Retail Micro-Loan segment states that we discontinued in prior
reporting periods, the components (in thousands) of our discontinued operations
are as follows:
For
the Three Months Ended September 30,
|
For
the Nine Months Ended September 30,
|
|||||||||||||||
2009
|
2008
|
2009
|
2008
|
|||||||||||||
Net
interest income, fees and related income on non-securitized earning
assets
|
$ | — | $ | 3,886 | $ | 1,684 | $ | 11,533 | ||||||||
Other
operating expense
|
— | 5,811 | 2,021 | 18,731 | ||||||||||||
Loss
upon closure/sale
|
— | — | 2,779 | 771 | ||||||||||||
Goodwill
impairment
|
— | — | 3,483 | 1,132 | ||||||||||||
Loss
before income taxes
|
— | (1,925 | ) | (6,599 | ) | (9,101 | ) | |||||||||
Income
tax benefit
|
— | 674 | 2,310 | 3,186 | ||||||||||||
Net
loss
|
$ | — | $ | (1,251 | ) | $ | ( 4,289 | ) | $ | (5,915 | ) |
4. Segment Reporting
We
operate primarily within one industry consisting of five reportable segments by
which we manage our business. Our five reportable segments
are: Credit Cards; Investments in Previously Charged-Off Receivables;
Retail Micro-Loans; Auto Finance; and Other. We measure the profitability of our
reportable segments based on their income after allocation of specific costs and
corporate overhead. Overhead costs are allocated based on headcounts and other
applicable measures to better align costs with the associated revenues, and
there are no charges against segment operations for the internal (i.e.,
non-third-party) costs of capital that we have allocated to the segments.
Summary operating segment information (in thousands) is as follows:
Three Months
Ended September 30, 2009
|
Credit Cards
|
Investments in
Previously
Charged-Off
Receivables
|
Retail
Micro-Loans
|
Auto Finance
|
Other
|
Total
|
||||||||||||||||||
Net
interest income, fees and related income (loss) on non-securitized earning
assets
|
$ | (7,268 | ) | $ | 16,585 | $ | 17,311 | $ | 11,132 | $ | 13,265 | $ | 51,025 | |||||||||||
Total
other operating (loss) income
|
$ | (192,727 | ) | $ | 83 | $ | — | $ | 85 | $ | — | $ | (192,559 | ) | ||||||||||
(Loss)
income from continuing operations before income taxes
|
$ | (254,564 | ) | $ | 7,041 | $ | 4,369 | $ | (1,518 | ) | $ | 3,248 | $ | (241,424 | ) | |||||||||
Loss
from discontinued operations before income taxes
|
$ | — | $ | — | $ | — | $ | — | $ | — | $ | — | ||||||||||||
Loans
and fees receivable, gross
|
$ | 15,698 | $ | — | $ | 37,350 | $ | 300,551 | $ | 30,290 | $ | 383,889 | ||||||||||||
Loans
and fees receivable, net
|
$ | 12,277 | $ | — | $ | 32,007 | $ | 242,221 | $ | 20,604 | $ | 307,109 | ||||||||||||
Total
assets
|
$ | 298,351 | $ | 31,700 | $ | 68,747 | $ | 268,179 | $ | 62,495 | $ | 729,472 | ||||||||||||
Three Months
Ended September 30, 2008
|
Credit Cards
|
Investments in
Previously
Charged-Off
Receivables
|
Retail
Micro-Loans
|
Auto Finance
|
Other
|
Total
|
||||||||||||||||||
Net
interest income, fees and related income (loss) on non-securitized earning
assets
|
$ | (6,546 | ) | $ | 4,927 | $ | 12,735 | $ | 18,054 | $ | 8,516 | $ | 37,686 | |||||||||||
Total
other operating income
|
$ | 64,686 | $ | 64 | $ | — | $ | 100 | $ | — | $ | 64,850 | ||||||||||||
(Loss)
income from continuing operations before income taxes
|
$ | (23,072 | ) | $ | (781 | ) | $ | 9 | $ | (30,529 | ) | $ | 1,245 | $ | (53,128 | ) | ||||||||
Loss
from discontinued operations before income taxes
|
$ | — | $ | — | $ | (1,628 | ) | $ | — | $ | (297 | ) | $ | (1,925 | ) | |||||||||
Loans
and fees receivable, gross
|
$ | 4,189 | $ | — | $ | 35,858 | $ | 380,920 | $ | 20,797 | $ | 441,764 | ||||||||||||
Loans
and fees receivable, net
|
$ | 4,022 | $ | — | $ | 29,809 | $ | 311,843 | $ | 14,957 | $ | 360,631 | ||||||||||||
Total
assets
|
$ | 1,124,687 | $ | 46,705 | $ | 97,507 | $ | 359,762 | $ | 70,064 | $ | 1,698,725 |
Nine
Months Ended September 30, 2009
|
Credit Cards
|
Investments in
Previously
Charged-Off
Receivables
|
Retail
Micro-Loans
|
Auto Finance
|
Other
|
Total
|
||||||||||||||||||
Net
interest income, fees and related income (loss) on non-securitized earning
assets
|
$ | (19,152 | ) | $ | 24,533 | $ | 45,803 | $ | 39,130 | $ | 32,614 | $ | 122,928 | |||||||||||
Total
other operating (loss) income
|
$ | (413,664 | ) | $ | 138 | $ | — | $ | 488 | $ | 1 | $ | (413,037 | ) | ||||||||||
(Loss)
income from continuing operations before income taxes
|
$ | (609,354 | ) | $ | (2,336 | ) | $ | (13,258 | ) | $ | (5,653 | ) | $ | 11,579 | $ | (619,022 | ) | |||||||
Loss
from discontinued operations before income taxes
|
$ | — | $ | — | $ | (6,599 | ) | $ | — | $ | — | $ | (6,599 | ) | ||||||||||
Loans
and fees receivable, gross
|
$ | 15,698 | $ | — | $ | 37,350 | $ | 300,551 | $ | 30,290 | $ | 383,889 | ||||||||||||
Loans
and fees receivable, net
|
$ | 12,277 | $ | — | $ | 32,007 | $ | 242,221 | $ | 20,604 | $ | 307,109 | ||||||||||||
Total
assets
|
$ | 298,351 | $ | 31,700 | $ | 68,747 | $ | 268,179 | $ | 62,495 | $ | 729,472 | ||||||||||||
Nine
Months Ended September 30, 2008
|
Credit Cards
|
Investments in
Previously
Charged-Off
Receivables
|
Retail
Micro-Loans
|
Auto Finance
|
Other
|
Total
|
||||||||||||||||||
Net
interest income, fees and related income (loss) on non-securitized earning
assets
|
$ | (19,802 | ) | $ | 34,958 | $ | 43,660 | $ | 53,723 | $ | 17,729 | $ | 130,268 | |||||||||||
Total
other operating income
|
$ | 199,453 | $ | 502 | $ | — | $ | 296 | $ | — | $ | 200,251 | ||||||||||||
(Loss)
income from continuing operations before income taxes
|
$ | (111,051 | ) | $ | 18,509 | $ | 6,417 | $ | (35,051 | ) | $ | (2,435 | ) | $ | (123,611 | ) | ||||||||
Loss
from discontinued operations before income taxes
|
$ | — | $ | — | $ | (7,855 | ) | $ | — | $ | (1,246 | ) | $ | (9,101 | ) | |||||||||
Loans
and fees receivable, gross
|
$ | 4,189 | $ | — | $ | 35,858 | $ | 380,920 | $ | 20,797 | $ | 441,764 | ||||||||||||
Loans
and fees receivable, net
|
$ | 4,022 | $ | — | $ | 29,809 | $ | 311,843 | $ | 14,957 | $ | 360,631 | ||||||||||||
Total
assets
|
$ | 1,124,687 | $ | 46,705 | $ | 97,507 | $ | 359,762 | $ | 70,064 | $ | 1,698,725 |
5. Treasury
Stock Transactions
At our
discretion, we use treasury shares to satisfy option exercises and restricted
stock vesting, and we use the cost approach when accounting for the repurchase
and reissuance of our treasury stock. We reissued treasury shares totaling 3,254
and 114,898 during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2009 at gross
costs of $0.06 million and $2.1 million, respectively, in satisfaction of
restricted stock vestings. We also effectively purchased shares totaling 786 and
37,674 during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2009 at a gross cost
of $3,875 and $118,895, respectively, by having employees who were vesting in
their restricted stock grants exchange a portion of their stock for our payment
of required minimum tax withholdings.
6. Investments
in Equity-Method Investees
In the
following tables, we summarize (in thousands) combined balance sheet and results
of operations data for our equity-method investees:
As of
September 30, 2009
|
As of December
31, 2008
|
|||||||
Securitized
earning assets
|
$ | 51,937 | $ | 116,510 | ||||
Total
assets
|
$ | 54,449 | $ | 118,962 | ||||
Total
liabilities
|
$ | 1,449 | $ | 1,967 | ||||
Members’
capital
|
$ | 53,000 | $ | 116,995 |
For
the Three Months
Ended
September 30,
|
For
the Nine Months
Ended
September 30,
|
|||||||||||||||
2009
|
2008
|
2009
|
2008
|
|||||||||||||
Net
interest income, fees and related income on non-securitized earning
assets
|
$ | — | $ | — | $ | — | $ | 1 | ||||||||
Fees
and related (loss) income on securitized earning assets
|
$ | (6,230 | ) | $ | 835 | $ | (37,241 | ) | $ | 34,066 | ||||||
Total
other operating (loss) income
|
$ | (5,315 | ) | $ | 2,973 | $ | (33,920 | ) | $ | 40,839 | ||||||
Net
(loss) income
|
$ | (5,892 | ) | $ | 2,418 | $ | (28,892 | ) | $ | 38,067 |
In May
2009, we recognized a gain of $21.0 million that is separately classified on our
condensed consolidated statement of operations associated with our buy-out of
all other members of our then-longest standing equity-method investee.
Subsequent to this buy-out event, we have included the operations of this former
equity-method investee and its underlying assets and liabilities within our
consolidated results of operations and condensed consolidated balance sheet
items, as opposed to the income from equity-method investees and investment in
equity-method investee categories.
7.
Securitizations and Structured Financings
As of
September 30, 2009, substantially all of our credit card receivables had been
sold to securitization trusts. Within this Report, we refer to such transfers of
financial assets to off-balance-sheet securitization trusts as
“securitizations,” as contrasted with our use of the term “structured
financings” to refer to non-recourse, on-balance-sheet debt
financings.
Securitizations
Our
credit card receivables securitization transactions do not affect the
relationship we have with our customers, and we continue to service the
securitized credit card receivables. Our ownership of retained interests in our
securitized credit card receivables, the guarantee and note purchase agreements
with respect to securitizations of acquired credit card receivables portfolios
as described in Note 11, “Commitments and Contingencies,” and our obligation to
service securitized receivables represent our only continuing involvement with
our securitized credit card receivables.
The table
below summarizes (in thousands) our securitization activities for the periods
presented. As with other tables included herein, it does not include the
securitization activities of our equity-method investees:
For
the Three Months Ended September 30,
|
For
the Nine Months Ended September 30,
|
|||||||||||||||
2009
|
2008
|
2009
|
2008
|
|||||||||||||
Gross
amount of receivables securitized at period end
|
$ | 1,671,930 | $ | 2,912,102 | $ | 1,671,930 | $ | 2,912,102 | ||||||||
Proceeds
from new transfers of financial assets to securitization
trusts
|
$ | 90,601 | $ | 384,827 | $ | 395,330 | $ | 1,134,754 | ||||||||
Proceeds
from collections reinvested in revolving-period
securitizations
|
$ | 106,872 | $ | 341,817 | $ | 382,334 | $ | 1,131,716 | ||||||||
Excess
cash flows received on retained interests
|
$ | 24,893 | $ | 49,951 | $ | 80,377 | $ | 139,785 | ||||||||
Securitization
gain
|
$ | 113,961 | $ | — | $ | 113,961 | $ | — | ||||||||
Loss
on retained interests in credit card receivables
securitized
|
(334,035 | ) | (3,571 | ) | (657,869 | ) | (37,409 | ) | ||||||||
Fees
on securitized receivables
|
3,658 | 7,809 | 13,778 | 23,579 | ||||||||||||
Total
(loss) income on securitized earning assets
|
$ | (216,416 | ) | $ | 4,238 | $ | (530,130 | ) | $ | (13,830 | ) |
The
$114.0 million securitization gain in the above table results from our purchase
of $264.0 million of securitization facility notes for $150.0 million (including
associated transaction costs) and their subsequent cancellation.
The
investors in our securitization transactions have no recourse against us for our
customers’ failure to pay their credit card receivables. However, most of our
retained interests are subordinated to the investors’ interests until the
investors have been fully paid.
Generally, we include all
collections received from the cardholders underlying each securitization in our
securitization cash flows. This includes collections from the cardholders for
interest, fees and other charges on the accounts and collections from those
cardholders repaying the principal portion of their account
balances.
In
general, absent an early amortization event, the cash flows are then distributed
to us as servicer in the amounts of our contractually negotiated servicing fees,
to the investors as interest on their outstanding notes, to the investors to
repay any portion of their outstanding notes that becomes due and payable, and
to us as the seller to fund new purchases. Any
collections
from cardholders remaining each month after making the various payments noted
above generally are paid to us on our retained interests.
In the
event of early amortization of the facilities within a securitization trust, the
cash flows generally are distributed to the servicer in the amounts of its
contractually negotiated servicing fees, to the investors as interest on their
outstanding notes and to the investors to repay their outstanding notes. As
such, upon early amortization of securitization facilities, a holder of residual
interests in a securitization trust does not receive cash flows from the
securitization trust to fund new cardholder purchases or as payments on its
retained interests. In the third quarter of 2009, we concluded, based on
worsening collections on the receivables underlying our upper and lower-tier
originated portfolio master trusts, that a buyer of our residual interests in
the securitization trusts would likely discount the price that they would pay
for the residual interests to reflect the risk that the securitization
facilities could soon enter early amortization status. Accordingly, our
September 30, 2009 calculations of the fair value of our retained interests in
these securitization trusts reflect this early amortization assumption, under
which our receipt of cash flows would be delayed materially until the underlying
securitization facilities were completely repaid. Our use of this early
amortization assumption in our fair value computations (especially when coupled
with worsening cardholder payment performance expectations) caused a material
decline in the fair value of our retained interests in credit card receivables
securitized in the third quarter of 2009.
As
suggested above, we carry the retained interests associated with the credit card
receivables we have securitized at estimated fair market value within the
securitized earning assets category on our consolidated balance sheets, and
because we classify them as trading securities and have made a fair value
election with respect to them, we include any changes in fair value in income.
Because quoted market prices for our retained interests generally are not
available, we estimate fair value based on the estimated present value of future
cash flows using our best estimates of key assumptions (including, for example,
the early amortization assumption mentioned above).
The
measurements of retained interests associated with our securitizations are
dependent upon our estimate of future cash flows using the cash-out method.
Under the cash-out method, we record the future cash flows at a discounted
value. We discount the cash flows based on the timing of when we expect to
receive the cash flows. We base the discount rates on our estimates of returns
that would be required by investors in investments with similar terms and credit
quality. We estimate yields on the credit card receivables based on stated
annual percentage rates and applicable terms and conditions governing fees as
set forth in the credit card agreements, and we base estimated default and
payment rates on historical results, adjusted for expected changes based on our
credit risk models. We typically charge off credit card receivables when the
receivables become 180 days past due, although earlier charge offs may
occur specifically related to accounts of bankrupt or deceased customers. We
generally charge off bankrupt and deceased customers’ accounts within
30 days of verification.
Our
retained interests in credit card receivables securitized (labeled as
securitized earning assets on our consolidated balance sheets) include the
following (in thousands):
September
30,
2009
|
June
30,
2009
|
December
31,
2008
|
||||||||||
I/O
strip
|
$ | 43,142 | $ | 134,384 | $ | 132,360 | ||||||
Accrued
interest and fees
|
16,978 | 13,887 | 22,723 | |||||||||
Net
servicing liability
|
(48,347 | ) | (23,008 | ) | (10,670 | ) | ||||||
Amounts
due from securitization
|
5,999 | 54,929 | 12,369 | |||||||||
Fair
value of retained interests
|
106,120 | 292,641 | 659,156 | |||||||||
Issuing
bank partner continuing interests
|
(1,785 | ) | (1,467 | ) | (2,145 | ) | ||||||
Securitized
earning assets
|
$ | 122,107 | $ | 471,366 | $ | 813,793 |
The I/O
strip reflects the fair value of our rights to future income from
securitizations arranged by us and includes certain credit enhancements. Accrued
interest and fees represent the estimated collectible portion of fees earned but
not billed to the cardholders underlying the credit card receivables portfolios
we have securitized. Amounts due from securitization represent cash flows that
are distributable to us from the prior month’s cash flows within each
securitization trust; we generally expect to receive these amounts within 30
days from the close of each respective month. Lastly, we measure retained
interests at fair value as set forth within the fair value of retained interests
category in the above table.
The
net servicing liability in the above table reflects on a net basis, for those
securitization structures for which servicing compensation is not adequate, the
fair value of the net costs to service the receivables above and beyond the net
servicing income we expect to receive from the securitizations. We initially
record a servicing asset or a servicing liability associated with a
securitization structure when the servicing fees we expect to receive do not
represent adequate compensation for servicing the receivables. We record these
initial servicing assets and servicing liabilities at estimated fair market
value, and then we evaluate and update our servicing asset and servicing
liability fair value estimates at the end of
each
financial reporting period. We present the net of our servicing assets and
liabilities (i.e., a net servicing liability) in the above table, and we include
changes in net servicing liability fair values within loss on securitized
earning assets on our consolidated statements of operations (and more
specifically as a component of loss on retained interests in credit card
receivables securitized). Because quoted market prices generally are not
available for our servicing liabilities, we estimate fair values based on the
estimated present value of future cash flows.
The
primary risk inherent within the determination of our net servicing liability is
our ability to control our servicing costs relative to the servicing revenues we
receive from our securitization trusts. We do not consider our servicing revenue
stream to be a particularly significant risk because, with respect to a
substantial majority of the receivables we service, even in the event of early
amortization of our securitization facilities, we will continue to receive
servicing revenues through the securitization waterfalls in the same manner and
in no lower rate of compensation than we do currently. We have no instruments
that we use to mitigate the income statement effects of changes in the fair
value of our net servicing liability.
Reflected
within servicing income on our consolidated statements of operations are
servicing income (fees) we have received from both our securitization trusts and
equity-method investees that have contracted with us to service their assets.
The servicing fees received exclusively from our securitization trusts were
$17.9 million and $78.8 million for the three and nine months ended September
30, 2009, respectively, and $38.7 million, and $119.0 million for the three and
nine months ended September 30, 2008, respectively. Changes in our net servicing
liability for each financial reporting period presented are summarized (in
millions) in the following table:
For
the Three Months Ended
|
||||||||||||
September
30,
2009
|
December
31,
2008
|
September
30,
2008
|
||||||||||
Net
servicing liability at beginning of period
|
$ | 23.0 | $ | 6.4 | $ | 18.6 | ||||||
Changes
in fair value of net servicing liability due to changes in valuations
inputs, including receivables levels within securitization trusts, length
of servicing period, servicing costs and changes in servicing compensation
rates (including an assumed 0.0% servicing compensation rate once debt
holders have been repaid in an early amortization scenario that we first
used in our retained interests fair value computations in the three months
ended September 30, 2009)
|
25.3 | 4.3 | (12.1 | ) | ||||||||
Balance
at end of period
|
$ | 48.3 | $ | 10.7 | $ | 6.5 |
Changes
in any of the assumptions used to value our retained interests in our
securitizations can materially affect our fair value estimates. Case in point is
our assumption change made in the three months ended September 30, 2009, wherein
we have concluded that a buyer of the residual interests that we hold in our
upper and lower-tier originated portfolio master trust securitization facilities
would likely discount its purchase price for such residual interests to reflect
the risks that the facilities could enter early amortization status in the near
future, thereby significantly delaying the buyer’s receipt of cash upon a
purchase of such residual interests until all underlying securitization
facilities were completely repaid.
Other key
assumptions we have used to estimate the fair value of our retained interests in
the credit card receivables securitized are presented (as weighted averages)
below:
As
of
September
30, 2009
|
As
of
December 31,
2008
|
As
of
September
30, 2008
|
||||||||||
Net
collected yield (annualized)
|
24.8 | % | 38.7 | % | 33.8 | % | ||||||
Principal
payment rate (monthly)
|
2.6 | % | 4.2 | % | 4.9 | % | ||||||
Expected
principal credit loss rate (annualized)
|
23.1 | % | 20.8 | % | 15.9 | % | ||||||
Residual
cash flows discount rate
|
26.5 | % | 22.6 | % | 22.6 | % | ||||||
Servicing
liability discount rate
|
14.0 | % | 14.0 | % | 14.0 | % | ||||||
Life
(in months) of securitized credit card receivables
|
38.5 | 23.8 | 20.4 |
The
trending decrease in our net collected yield and principal payment rates is a
product of both (1) a general decline in payments being made by consumers and
the expectation that this trend will continue and worsen and (2) a reduction in
the relative mix of our lower-tier credit card receivables, which have higher
yields and charge offs than our more traditionally securitized upper-tier credit
card receivables. Also contributing to trending lower net collected yield
assumptions are (1) the adverse effects of recent account closure actions for
substantially all remaining credit card accounts on annual, monthly maintenance
and certain other recurring types of credit card fees associated with open
credit card accounts, (2) fee credit programs we have used at increasing levels
to encourage consumers to make payments at higher levels within a distressed
economy and (3) elevated late stage delinquencies and the expectation that these
delinquencies will continue (i.e., as we do not assess fees and
finance
charge billings for credit card receivables in the later stages of
delinquency). The increase in the expected principal credit loss rate at
September 30, 2009 relative to December 31, 2008 reflects increased expected
charge offs as a result of recent account closure actions and a significantly
worsening employment outlook.
The
increase in the September 30, 2009 residual cash flows discount rate relative to
December 31, 2008 and September 30, 2008 reflects a decline in our overall
collateral enhancement levels, which has resulted from a change in mix of the
managed receivables underlying our securitization trusts toward receivables that
serve as collateral to support draws that have been made against our highest
advance rate securitization facility within our upper-tier originated portfolio
master trust. Also adversely affecting our September 30, 2009 residual cash
flows discount rate is an assumption that investors within certain of our
securitization trusts will require higher returns (i.e., wider spreads above the
one-month LIBOR interest rate index applicable in most of our securitizations)
based on second quarter 2009 credit rating agency downgrades of several of our
securitization trust bonds (in the case of certain of our securitization trusts
to below investment grade for every tranche of the trusts’ outstanding bonds).
Our retained interests valuation models recognize in computing the residual cash
flows discount rate that variations in collateral enhancement levels affect the
returns that investors require on residual interests within securitization
structures; specifically, with lower levels of collateral enhancement (and hence
greater investment risk), investors in securitization structure residual
interests will require higher investment returns, and with higher levels of
collateral enhancement (and hence lower investment risk), investors in
securitization structure residual interests will require lower investment
returns.
The following illustrates the
hypothetical effect on the September 30, 2009 value of our retained interests in
credit card receivables securitized (dollars in thousands) of an adverse 10 and
20 percent change in our key quantitative valuation assumptions:
Assumptions
and valuation
effects
of changes
thereto
|
||||
Net
collected yield (annualized)
|
24.8 | % | ||
Impact on fair value of 10%
adverse change
|
$ | (30,459 | ) | |
Impact
on fair value of 20% adverse change
|
$ | (60,880 | ) | |
Payment
rate (monthly)
|
2.6 | % | ||
Impact
on fair value of 10% adverse change
|
$ | (29,161 | ) | |
Impact
on fair value of 20% adverse change
|
$ | (56,335 | ) | |
Expected
principal credit loss rate (annualized)
|
23.1 | % | ||
Impact
on fair value of 10% adverse change
|
$ | (28,230 | ) | |
Impact
on fair value of 20% adverse change
|
$ | (59,043 | ) | |
Residual
cash flows discount rate
|
26.5 | % | ||
Impact
on fair value of 10% adverse change
|
$ | (11,831 | ) | |
Impact
on fair value of 20% adverse change
|
$ | (22,407 | ) | |
Servicing
liability discount rate
|
14.0 | % | ||
Impact
on fair value of 10% adverse change
|
$ | (1,719 | ) | |
Impact
on fair value of 20% adverse change
|
$ | (3,342 | ) |
These sensitivities are
hypothetical and should be used with caution. As the figures indicate, changes
in fair value based on a 10% and a 20% variation in assumptions generally cannot
be extrapolated because the relationship of a change in assumption to the change
in fair value of our retained interests in credit card receivables securitized
may not be linear. Also, in this table, the effect of a variation in a
particular assumption on the fair value of the retained interests is calculated
without changing any other assumptions; in reality, changes in one assumption
may result in changes in another. For example, increases in market interest
rates may result in lower prepayments and increased credit losses, which could
magnify or counteract the sensitivities.
Our
managed receivables portfolio underlying our securitizations (including only
those of our consolidated subsidiaries) is comprised of our retained interests
in the credit card receivables we have securitized and other investors’ shares
of these securitized receivables. The investors’ shares of securitized credit
card receivables are not our assets. The following table summarizes (in
thousands) the balances included within, and certain operating statistics
associated with, our managed receivables portfolio underlying both the outside
investors’ shares of and our retained interests in our credit card receivables
securitizations.
September
30,
2009
|
June
30,
2009
|
December
31,
2008
|
||||||||||
Total
managed principal balance
|
$ | 1,508,976 | $ | 1,745,827 | $ | 2,157,626 | ||||||
Total
managed finance charge and fee balance
|
162,954 | 238,670 | 485,453 | |||||||||
Total
managed receivables
|
1,671,930 | 1,984,497 | 2,643,079 | |||||||||
Cash
collateral at trust and amounts due from QSPEs
|
35,703 | 482,606 | 125,051 | |||||||||
Total
assets held by QSPEs
|
1,707,633 | 2,467,103 | 2,768,130 | |||||||||
QSPE-issued
notes to which we are subordinated
|
(1,203,987 | ) | (1,790,376 | ) | (1,728,996 | ) | ||||||
Face
amount of residual interests in securitizations
|
$ | 503,646 | $ | 676,727 | $ | 1,039,134 | ||||||
Receivables
delinquent—60 or more days
|
$ | 267,619 | $ | 313,493 | $ | 458,795 | ||||||
Net
charge offs during each respective three-month period
ending
|
$ | 139,779 | $ | 159,015 | $ | 102,113 |
Data in
the above table are aggregated from the various QSPEs that underlie our
securitizations. QSPE-issued notes (in millions) to which we are subordinated
within our various securitization structures are our most significant source of
liquidity and include the following:
September
30,
2009
|
December
31, 2008
|
|||||||
Six-year
term securitization facility (expiring October 2010) issued out of our
upper-tier originated portfolio master trust (1)
|
$ | — | $ | 264.0 | ||||
Two-year
variable funding securitization facility with renewal options (expiring
January 2010) issued out of our upper-tier originated portfolio master
trust
|
750.0 | 370.0 | ||||||
Five-year
term securitization facility (expiring October 2009) issued out of our
upper-tier originated portfolio master trust (2)
|
— | 286.6 | ||||||
Two-year
variable funding securitization facility (expiring October 2010) issued
out of our lower-tier originated portfolio master trust
|
117.9 | 260.5 | ||||||
Two-year
amortizing securitization facility (expiring December 2009) issued out of
our lower-tier originated portfolio master trust (3)
|
12.5 | 137.5 | ||||||
Multi-year
variable funding securitization facility (expiring September 2014) issued
out of the trust associated with our securitization of $92.0 million
and $72.1 million (face amount) in credit card receivables acquired in
2004 and 2005, respectively
|
9.1 | 16.4 | ||||||
Amortizing
term securitization facility (denominated and referenced in U.K. sterling
and expiring April 2014) issued out of our U.K. Portfolio securitization
trust
|
276.2 | 310.3 | ||||||
Ten-year
amortizing term securitization facility issued out of our Embarcadero
Trust (expiring January 2014)
|
38.3 | 83.7 | ||||||
Total
QSPE-issued notes to which we are subordinated
|
$ | 1,204.0 | $ | 1,729.0 |
(1)
|
In
the third quarter of 2009, we purchased all of the notes associated with
our six-year term securitization facility that had been issued to a third
party out of our upper-tier originated portfolio master trust, and these
notes were subsequently
cancelled.
|
(2)
|
This
note was repaid as of September 30,
2009.
|
(3)
|
Subsequent
to the end of the third quarter, this facility was fully
repaid.
|
Because
we hold residual retained interests in our securitization trusts, we remain
subject to largely the same types and levels of risks to which we would be
subject if we did not transfer our credit card receivables to our securitization
trusts. These risks include: interest rate risks; payment, default
and charge-off risks; regulatory risks related to the origination and servicing
of the receivables; credit card fraud risks; risks associated with employment
base and infrastructure that we maintain for servicing the receivables; and
risks associated with the availability of funding for and cost of funding the
securitizations. As securitization facility notes mature, there can be no
assurance that they will be renewed or replaced on terms as favorable their
current terms or at all. Moreover, adverse developments in one or more of the
factors underlying these above-denoted risks could result in an early
amortization of one or more of the outstanding series of notes issued by our
securitization trusts.
Except as
described below or as set forth in Note 11, “Commitments and Contingencies,”
concerning guarantee agreements and note purchase agreements associated with our
securitization of certain acquired credit card receivables portfolios, we have
no explicit or implicit arrangements under which we have provided or could be
called upon to provide financial support to our securitization trusts or their
beneficiaries, and there are no events or circumstances that could expose us to
losses in excess of the carrying amounts of our retained interests. However, as
servicer for the receivables held in our securitization trusts, we have
significant continuing involvement in overseeing the receivables and their
collection, and we perform a variety of functions that benefit our
securitization trusts (and their beneficiaries, including our transferor
subsidiaries). We incur significant costs associated with this continuing
involvement (costs that are reflected in the determination of our net servicing
liability in cases where we do not receive adequate compensation for our
servicing obligations).
As
servicer, we provide call center customer support and collections services on
behalf of the securitization trusts. The objective of the collections process is
to maximize the amount collected in the most cost effective and
customer-friendly manner possible. To fulfill this objective, on behalf of the
securitization trusts (and their beneficiaries, including our transferor
subsidiaries), we employ the traditional cross-section of letters and telephone
calls to encourage payment, and we exercise broad discretion under our credit
card servicing guidelines to apply customer payments to finance charges or
principal; to waive interest and fees or otherwise provide promotional or
matching payments and other credits (including principal credits) to avoid
negative amortization and to encourage prompter and larger payments; to send out
mailings for promotional marketing-oriented collection programs or to facilitate
balance transfer marketing programs on behalf of our
bank
partners; and to re-age customer accounts that meet applicable regulatory
qualifications for re-aging or otherwise adjust billing cycles and practices to
reflect operational objectives. These and other collection-oriented techniques
and practices have varying effects on the statistical performance of the
receivables held by our securitization trusts and thereby have varying effects
on the beneficiaries of the securitization trusts, including our transferor
subsidiaries.
|
Structured
Financings
|
Beyond
the securitizations discussed above, we have entered into certain non-recourse,
asset-backed structured financing transactions within our Auto Finance and
Investments in Previously Charged-Off Receivables segments. We consolidate the
assets (auto finance receivables, which are a subset of loans and fees
receivable, net on our consolidated balance sheets, and investments in
previously charged-off receivables) and debt (classified within notes payable
and other borrowings on our consolidated balance sheets) associated with these
structured financings on our balance sheet because the transactions do not meet
the legal isolation and other off-balance sheet securitization criteria for
de-recognition and because we are the primary beneficiary of the structured
financing transactions. Structured financing notes outstanding, the carrying
amount of the auto finance receivables and investments in previously charged-off
receivables that provide the exclusive means of repayment for the notes (i.e.,
lenders have recourse only to the specific auto finance receivables or
investments in previously charged-off receivables underlying each respective
facility and cannot look to our general credit for repayment), and the maximum
exposure to loss (which represents the carrying amount of the pledged auto
finance receivables and investments in previously charged-off receivables minus
the non-recourse notes) are scheduled (in millions) as follows:
September
30, 2009
|
December
31, 2008
|
|||||||
Carrying
amount of auto finance receivables and investments in previously
charged-off receivables underlying structured financings
|
$ | 119.8 | $ | 340.6 | ||||
Structured
financing notes secured by $3.8 million and $5.4 million carrying amount
of investments in previously charged-off receivables at September 30, 2009
and December 31, 2008, respectively
|
(4.6 | ) | (4.1 | ) | ||||
Structured
financing notes secured by $64.0 million carrying amount of CAR Financial
Services (“CAR”) auto finance receivables at December 31,
2008
|
— | (37.0 | ) | |||||
Structured
financing notes secured by $72.0 million and $70.7 million carrying amount
of JRAS auto finance receivables at September 30, 2009 and December 31,
2008, respectively
|
(28.8 | ) | (27.1 | ) | ||||
Structured
financing notes secured by $44.0 million and $200.5 million carrying
amount of ACC auto finance receivables at September 30, 2009 and December
31, 2008, respectively
|
(23.3 | ) | (115.1 | ) | ||||
Maximum
exposure to loss under structured financings
|
$ | 63.1 | $ | 157.3 |
Much like
with our credit card securitizations, there is a waterfall within these
structured financings that provides for a priority distribution of cash flows to
us to service the underlying auto finance receivables and investments in
previously charged-off receivables (cash flows that we consider adequate to meet
our costs of servicing these assets), a distribution of cash flows to pay
interest and principal due on the notes, and a distribution of all excess cash
flows to us. The $23.3 million facility in the above table is secured by auto
finance receivables with a carrying amount of $44.0 million at September 30,
2009; this particular facility is amortizing down along with collections of the
underlying auto finance receivables and there are no provisions within the debt
agreement that allow for acceleration or bullet repayment of the facility. As
such, for all intents and purposes, there is no practical risk of equity loss
associated with lender seizure of assets under this facility. For the other
facilities listed in the above table, however, our failure at any time to meet
the various covenants within the structured financings could cause early
repayment of the facilities, and although we are having productive discussions
with our lender with respect to the JRAS facility, which expires January 2010,
there can be no assurance that the lender will renew the debt facility under
acceptable terms and conditions or at all. Beyond our role as servicer of the
underlying assets within these structured financings, we have provided no other
financial or other support to the structures, and we have no explicit or
implicit arrangements that could require us to provide financial support to the
structures.
In
November 2009, the $23.3 million debt facility secured by ACC auto finance
receivables with a carrying amount of $44.0 million was repaid. This underlying
collateral was combined with other ACC auto finance receivables with a September
30, 2009 carrying amount of $90.3 and pledged against a new amortizing $103.5
million debt facility, the terms of which do not require any accelerated or
bullet repayment obligation by us.
See Note
9, “Convertible Senior Notes, Notes Payable and Other Borrowings,” for a detail
of all notes payable and other borrowings, including these structured
financings.
8. Fair
Values of Assets
Valuations
and Techniques for Assets Measured at Fair Value on a Recurring
Basis
Our
assessment of the significance of a particular input to the fair value
measurement in its entirety requires judgment and considers factors specific to
the asset or liability. For our assets measured on a recurring basis at fair
value, the table below summarizes (in thousands) fair values as of September 30,
2009 by fair value hierarchy:
Assets
|
Quoted
prices in active markets for identical assets
(level 1)
|
Significant
other observable inputs (level 2)
|
Significant
unobservable
inputs (level 3)
|
Total
assets
measured at fair
value
|
||||||||||||
Investment
securities—trading
|
$ | 602 | $ | — | $ | — | $ | 602 | ||||||||
Securitized
earning assets
|
$ | — | $ | — | $ | 122,107 | $ | 122,107 |
For Level
3 assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis using significant
unobservable inputs, the following table presents (in thousands) a
reconciliation of the beginning and ending balances for 2009:
For
the Three Months Ended September 30, 2009
|
For
the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2009
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||
Investment
securities-trading
|
Securitized
earnings assets
|
Total
|
Investment
securities-trading
|
Securitized
earnings assets
|
Total
|
|||||||||||||||||||
Beginning
balance
|
$ | — | $ | 471,366 | $ | 471,366 | $ | — | $ | 813,793 | $ | 813,793 | ||||||||||||
Total
losses—realized/unrealized:
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||
Net
revaluations of/additions to retained interests
|
— | (264,102 | ) | (264,102 | ) | — | (217,287 | ) | (217,287 | ) | ||||||||||||||
Total
realized and unrealized losses
|
— | — | — | — | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||
Purchases,
issuances, and settlements, net
|
— | (85,157 | ) | (85,157 | ) | — | (474,399 | ) | (474,399 | ) | ||||||||||||||
Net
transfers in and/or out of Level 3
|
— | — | — | — | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||
Ending
balance
|
$ | — | $ | 122,107 | $ | 122,107 | $ | — | $ | 122,107 | $ | 122,107 |
For
the Three Months Ended September 30, 2009
|
For
the Nine Months Ended September 30,2009
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||
Investment
securities-trading
|
Securitized
earning assets
|
Total
|
Investment
securities-trading
|
Securitized
earning assets
|
Total
|
|||||||||||||||||||
Total
losses for the period included in earnings attributable to the change in
unrealized losses relating to assets still held at period
end
|
$ | — | $ | (264,102 | ) | $ | (264,102 | ) | $ | — | $ | (217,287 | ) | $ | (217,287 | ) |
The
unrealized losses for assets and liabilities within the Level 3 category
presented in the tables above include changes in fair value that are
attributable to both observable and unobservable inputs. We provide below a
brief description of the valuation techniques used for Level 3 assets and
liabilities.
Net Revaluation
of Retained Interests. We record the net revaluation of retained
interests in the loss on securitized earning assets category in our consolidated
statements of operations, specifically as loss on retained interests in credit
card receivables securitized. The net revaluation of retained interests includes
revaluations of our I/O strip, accrued interest and fees, servicing liabilities
associated with our residual interests, amounts due from securitization,
residual interests and issuing bank partner continuing interests. We estimate
the present value of future cash flows using a valuation model consisting of
internally developed estimates of assumptions third-party participants would use
in determining fair value, including estimates of net collected yield, principal
payment rates, expected principal credit loss rates, costs of funds and discount
rates.
Total Realized
and Unrealized Losses. We record total realized and unrealized losses
within the fees and related income from non-securitized earning assets category
in our consolidated statements of operations. We formerly held certain
securities available for sale that we classified as Level 3, indicating that
significant valuation assumptions are not readily observable in the market due
to limited trading activity. For those securities, the last of which we disposed
of by June 30, 2008, we measured fair value using the best available data, in
the form of quotes provided directly by various dealers associated with the
securities and third-party valuations.
Valuations and
Techniques for Assets Measured at Fair Value on a Non-Recurring
Basis
We
also have assets that under certain conditions are subject to measurement at
fair value on a non-recurring basis. These assets include those associated with
acquired businesses, including goodwill and other intangible assets. For these
assets, measurement at fair value in periods subsequent to their initial
recognition is applicable if one or more of these assets is determined to be
impaired.
We were
required to make such a determination of the fair value of goodwill and
intangible assets associated with our Retail Micro-Loans segment in the three
months ended June 30, 2009 and in the three months ended March 31, 2008 with our
decisions to discontinue that segment’s Arkansas and Texas operations,
respectively. We estimated the fair value of those assets using Level
3 inputs, specifically discounted cash flow projections reflecting our best
estimate of what third-party participants would use in determining fair value,
including estimates of yield, default rates, same-store growth (or liquidation)
rates and payment rates. We recorded within loss from discontinued operations a
non-cash goodwill impairment charge of $3.5 million and $1.1 million in the
three months ended June 30, 2009 and three months ended March 31, 2008,
respectively. We also recorded a $20.0 million goodwill impairment charge
associated with our continuing Retail Micro-Loans segment operations in the
three months ended June 30, 2009.
For
our assets measured on a non-recurring basis at fair value, the table below
summarizes (in thousands) fair values as of September 30, 2009 by fair value
hierarchy:
Quoted
prices in active markets for identical assets (level
1)
|
Significant
other observable inputs (level 2)
|
Significant
unobservable inputs (level 3)
|
Total
assets measured at fair value
|
|||||||||||||
Assets:
|
||||||||||||||||
Goodwill
|
$ | — | $ | — | $ | 43,413 | $ | 43,413 | ||||||||
Intangibles,
net
|
$ | — | $ | — | $ | 3,030 | $ | 3,030 |
9.
|
Convertible Senior Notes, Notes
Payable and Other Borrowings
|
Convertible
Senior Notes
In
May 2005, we issued $250.0 million aggregate principal amount of 3.625%
convertible senior notes due 2025, and in November of that same year, we
issued $300.0 million aggregate principal amount of 5.875% convertible senior
notes due 2035. These notes (net of repurchases since the issuance dates) are
reflected within convertible senior notes on our consolidated balance
sheets.
Upon our
January 1, 2009 required adoption of new accounting rules for Instrument C
convertible notes (a classification applicable to our convertible senior notes),
we (1) reclassified a portion of our outstanding convertible senior notes to
additional paid-in capital, (2) established a discount to the face amount of the
notes as previously reflected on our consolidated balance sheets, (3) created a
deferred tax liability related to the discount on the notes, and (4)
reclassified out of our originally reported deferred loan costs and into
additional paid-in capital the portion of those costs considered under the new
rules to have been associated with the equity component of the convertible
senior notes issuances. We are amortizing the discount to the face
amount of the notes to interest expense over the expected life of the notes, and
this will result in a corresponding release of our associated deferred tax
liability. Total amortization for the three and nine months ended September 30,
2009 totaled $2.6 million and $7.6 million, respectively, and in accordance with
the required retrospective application of the new rules to the three and nine
months ended September 30, 2008 totaled $2.5 million and $7.6 million,
respectively. We will amortize the remaining discount at September
30, 2009 to interest expense over the expected term of the convertible senior
notes (currently expected to be May 2012 and October 2035 for the 3.625% and
5.875% notes, respectively). The weighted average effective interest rate for
the 3.625% and 5.875% notes was 9.2% for all periods presented.
The
following summarizes (in thousands) components of our consolidated balance
sheets associated with our convertible senior notes after giving effect to both
our required adoption of the new Instrument C rules upon their January 1, 2009
effective date and our retrospective application of the rules to prior presented
financial reporting periods:
September
30, 2009
|
December
31, 2008
|
|||||||
Face
amount of outstanding convertible senior notes
|
$ | 389,551 | $ | 389,851 | ||||
Discount
|
(82,398 | ) | (90,017 | ) | ||||
Net
carrying value
|
$ | 307,153 | $ | 299,834 | ||||
Carrying
amount of equity component included in additional paid-in
capital
|
$ | 108,714 | $ | 108,714 | ||||
Excess
of instruments’ if-converted values over face principal
amounts
|
$ | — | $ | — |
In
January 2009, we repurchased $300,000 in face amount of our 3.625% convertible
senior notes due 2025. The January 2009 purchase price for these notes totaled
$90,000 (including accrued interest) and resulted in an aggregate gain of
$160,000 (net of the notes’ applicable share of deferred costs and debt
discount, which were recovered in connection with the purchase). These
repurchased convertible senior notes (and others purchased in 2008 with an
aggregate face amount of $160.1 million from among both of our series of our
convertible senior notes) are held in treasury and
have been netted against the face amount of originally issued convertible senior
notes on our September 30, 2009 condensed consolidated balance
sheets.
Notes
Payable and Other Borrowings
Notes
payable and other borrowings consist of the following (in millions) as of
September 30, 2009:
As
of
September 30,
2009
|
|||||
Structured
financings within our Auto Finance segment, average rate 2.3%, payable
from 2009 through 2013
|
$ | 23.3 | |||
Third-party
financing of Auto Finance segment receivables, rate of 9.5%, due January
2010
|
28.8 | ||||
Third-party
financing of Auto Finance segment inventory, average rate of 24.0%,
payable from 2009 through 2010
|
1.3 | ||||
Vendor-financed
software and equipment acquisitions, average rate 5.5%, payable from 2009
through 2013
|
1.4 | ||||
MEM
secured debt, average rate of 1.7%, payable upon demand
|
1.5 | ||||
Investment
in Previously Charged-Off Receivables segment’s
asset-backed financing, rate of 12%, payable through
2011
|
4.6 | ||||
Total
notes payable and other borrowings
|
$ | 60.9 |
During
the third quarter of 2009, we repaid $81.1 million of notes payable within our
Auto Finance segment as we were not able to reach satisfactory terms to renew or
replace these debt facilities. However, in November 2009, the $23.3 million Auto
Finance segment debt facility scheduled above was repaid, and the
collateral underlying that facility was then combined with other Auto Finance
segment collateral and pledged against a new amortizing $103.5 million debt
facility.
We are in
compliance with the covenants underlying our various notes payable and other
borrowings.
10. Goodwill
and Intangible Assets
Goodwill
Goodwill
represents the excess of the purchase price and related costs over the value
assigned to net tangible and identifiable intangible assets acquired and
accounted for under the purchase method. Under applicable accounting rules, we
are required to assess the fair value of all acquisition-related goodwill on a
reporting unit basis. We review the recorded value of goodwill for impairment at
least annually at the beginning of the fourth quarter of each year, or earlier
such as occurred in the second quarter of 2009, if events or changes in
circumstances indicate that the carrying amount may exceed fair
value.
In
connection with our May 2009 decision to discontinue our Arkansas retail
micro-loan operations, we allocated goodwill between our retained Retail
Micro-Loans segment operations and our discontinued Arkansas operations, thereby
resulting in a $3.5 million impairment loss that is reported within loss from
discontinued operations in the nine months ended September 30, 2009. In
connection with this reallocation, we performed a valuation analysis with
respect to the remaining goodwill associated with our continuing Retail
Micro-Loans segment operations based on current internal projections of residual
cash flows and existing market data supporting valuation prices of similar
companies; this analysis yielded an additional $20.0 million goodwill impairment
charge
associated
with these continuing operations that is reflected within our condensed
consolidated statement of operations for the nine months ended September 30,
2009.
In
April 2007, we acquired 95% of the outstanding shares of MEM, our
U.K.-based, Internet, micro-loan operations, for £11.6 million ($22.3
million) in cash. Under the original purchase agreement, a contingent
performance-related earn-out could have been payable to the sellers on
achievement of certain earnings measurements for the years ended 2007, 2008 and
2009. The maximum amount payable under this earn-out was £120.0 million. The MEM
acquisition agreement was amended in the first quarter of 2009 to remove the
sellers’ earn-out rights and in exchange grant the sellers a 22.5% ownership
interest in the entity. The settlement of the contingent earn-out
resulted in a re-measurement of the carrying value of our investment in MEM in
accordance with Statement No. 160 and additional goodwill of $5.6
million.
In
connection with our first quarter 2008 decision to sell our Texas retail
micro-loans operations and hold those operations for sale, we allocated goodwill
between our retained Retail Micro-Loans segment operations and our discontinued
Texas operations, thereby resulting in a $1.1 million impairment loss that is
reported within loss from discontinued operations in 2008. This valuation
analysis was based on then-current internal projections and then-existing market
data supporting valuation prices of similar companies. Additionally,
based on September 2008 amendments to financing facilities within one of our
Auto Finance segment’s reporting units, we determined that the then-carrying
amount of this reporting unit more likely than not exceeded its fair value. We
reassessed the carrying value of the reporting unit’s goodwill, determined that
the current fair value would not support the stated goodwill balance and
recorded a third quarter 2008 goodwill impairment loss of $29.2
million.
Changes
(in thousands) in the carrying amount of goodwill for the nine months ended
September 30, 2009 and 2008, respectively, by reportable segment are as
follows:
Retail Micro-
Loans
|
Auto
Finance
|
Other
|
Consolidated
|
|||||||||||||
Balance
as of December 31, 2007
|
$ | 44,346 | $ | 30,868 | $ | 21,955 | $ | 97,169 | ||||||||
Impairment
loss
|
(1,132 | ) | (29,164 | ) | — | (30,296 | ) | |||||||||
Foreign
currency translation
|
— | — | (1,977 | ) | (1,977 | ) | ||||||||||
Balance
as September, 30, 2008
|
$ | 43,214 | $ | 1,704 | $ | 19,978 | $ | 64,896 | ||||||||
Balance
as of December 31, 2008
|
$ | 43,214 | $ | — | $ | 15,915 | $ | 59,129 | ||||||||
Goodwill
related to settlement of contingent performance-related
earn-out
|
— | — | 5,553 | 5,553 | ||||||||||||
Impairment
loss
|
(23,483 | ) | — | — | (23,483 | ) | ||||||||||
Foreign
currency translation
|
— | — | 2,214 | 2,214 | ||||||||||||
Balance
as of September 30, 2009
|
$ | 19,731 | $ | — | $ | 23,682 | $ | 43,413 |
Intangible
Assets
In
connection with our May 2009 decision to discontinue our Arkansas retail
micro-loans operations, we allocated intangible assets that we determined had an
indefinite benefit period between our retained Retail Micro-Loans segment
operations and our discontinued Arkansas operations, thereby resulting in a $0.2
million impairment loss that is reported within loss from discontinued
operations in 2009. This valuation analysis was based on current internal
projections of residual cash flows and existing market data supporting valuation
prices of similar companies.
We had
$2.1 million and $2.3 million of remaining intangible assets that we determined
had an indefinite benefit period as of September 30, 2009 and December 31, 2008,
respectively. The net unamortized carrying amount of intangible assets subject
to amortization was $0.9 million and $2.2 million as of September 30, 2009 and
December 31, 2008, respectively. Intangible asset-related amortization
expense was $0.3 million and $0.6 million for the three months ended September
30, 2009 and 2008, respectively, and $1.3 million and $1.8 million for the nine
months ended September 30, 2009 and 2008, respectively.
11. Commitments and
Contingencies
General
In the
normal course of business through the origination of unsecured credit card
receivables, we incur off-balance-sheet risks. These risks include one of our
subsidiary’s (i.e., CompuCredit Corporation’s) commitments of $100.9 million at
September 30, 2009 to purchase receivables associated with cardholders who have
the right to borrow in excess of their
current
balances up to the maximum credit limit on their credit card accounts. These
commitments involve, to varying degrees, elements of credit risks in excess of
amounts we can fund through our securitization facilities. We have not
experienced a situation in which all of our customers have exercised their
entire available line of credit at any given point in time, nor do we anticipate
this will ever occur in the future. We also have the effective right to reduce
or cancel these available lines of credit at any time, which we have now done
with respect to substantially all of our outstanding cardholder
accounts.
For
various receivables portfolio investments we have made through our subsidiaries
and equity-method investees, CompuCredit Corporation has entered into guarantee
agreements and/or note purchase agreements whereby CompuCredit Corporation has
agreed to guarantee the purchase of or purchase directly additional interests in
portfolios of credit card receivables owned by trusts, the retained interests in
which are owned by its subsidiaries and equity-method investees, should there be
net new growth in the receivables or should collections not be available to fund
new cardholder purchases. As of September 30, 2009, neither CompuCredit
Corporation nor any of its subsidiaries or equity-method investees had purchased
or been required to purchase any additional notes under the note purchase
agreements. CompuCredit Corporation’s guarantee is limited to its respective
ownership percentages in the various subsidiaries and equity-method investees
multiplied by the total amount of the notes that each of the subsidiaries and
equity-method investees could be required to purchase. As of September 30, 2009,
the maximum aggregate amount of CompuCredit Corporation’s collective guarantees
and direct purchase obligations related to all of its subsidiaries and
equity-method investees was $92.7 million—a decrease from $152.0 million at
December 31, 2008 as a result of further account actions and declines in
our liquidating credit card receivables portfolios. In general, this aggregate
contingency amount will decline in the absence of portfolio acquisitions as the
aggregate amounts of credit available to cardholders for future purchases
decline along with our liquidation of the purchased portfolios and a
corresponding reduction in the number of open cardholder accounts. The acquired
credit card receivables portfolios of all of CompuCredit Corporation’s affected
subsidiaries and equity-method investees have declined with each passing quarter
since acquisition and we expect them to continue to decline because we expect
combined payments and charge offs to exceed new purchases each month. We
currently do not have any liability recorded with respect to these guarantees or
direct purchase obligations, but we will record one if events occur that make
payment probable under the guarantees or direct purchase obligations. The fair
value of these guarantees and direct purchase obligations is not
material.
CompuCredit
Corporation’s third-party originating financial institution relationships
require security for its daily purchases of their credit card receivables, and
CompuCredit Corporation has pledged $5.4 million in collateral as such security
as of September 30, 2009. In addition, in connection with our April 2007 U.K.
Portfolio acquisition, CompuCredit Corporation guarantees certain
obligations of its subsidiaries and its third-party originating financial
institution to one of the European payment systems ($5.7 million as of September
30, 2009). Those obligations include, among other things, compliance with one of
the European payment system’s operating regulations and by-laws. CompuCredit
Corporation also guarantees certain performance obligations of its servicer
subsidiary to the indenture trustee and the trust created under the
securitization relating to our U.K. Portfolio.
Also,
under the agreements with third-party originating financial institutions,
CompuCredit Corporation has agreed to indemnify the financial institutions for
certain costs associated with the financial institutions’ card issuance and
other lending activities on our behalf. Indemnification obligations generally
are limited to instances in which we either (1) have been afforded the
opportunity to defend against any potentially indemnifiable claims or
(2) have reached agreement with the financial institutions regarding
settlement of potentially indemnifiable claims.
Total System
Services, Inc. provides certain services to CompuCredit Corporation as a system
of record provider under an agreement that extends through May 2015. Were
CompuCredit Corporation to terminate its U.S. relationship with Total System
Services, Inc. prior to the contractual termination period, it would incur
significant penalties ($29.0 million as of September 30,
2009).
Litigation
We and/or
our subsidiaries are involved in various legal proceedings that are incidental
to the conduct of our business. The material proceedings in which we are
involved are described below.
CompuCredit
Corporation and five other subsidiaries are defendants in a purported class
action lawsuit entitled Knox,
et al., vs. First Southern Cash Advance, et al.,
No. 5 CV 0445, filed in the Superior Court of New Hanover County,
North Carolina, on February 8, 2005. The plaintiffs allege that in
conducting a so-called “payday lending” business, certain of our Retail
Micro-Loans segment subsidiaries violated various laws governing consumer
finance, lending, check cashing, trade practices and loan brokering. The
plaintiffs further allege that CompuCredit Corporation is the alter ego of our
subsidiaries and is liable for their actions. The plaintiffs are seeking damages
of up to $75,000 per class member, and attorney’s fees. We are vigorously
defending this lawsuit. These
claims
are similar to those that have been asserted against several other market
participants in transactions involving small balance, short-term loans made to
consumers in North Carolina.
On
May 23, 2008, CompuCredit Corporation and one of our other subsidiaries
filed a complaint against CB&T in the Georgia State Court, Fulton County,
(subsequently transferred to the Georgia Superior Court, Fulton County) in
an action entitled CompuCredit
Corporation et al. vs. CB&T et al., Civil Action
No. 08-EV-004730-F. Among other things, the complaint as now amended
alleges that CB&T, in violation of its contractual obligations, failed to
provide us rebates, marketing fees, revenues or other fees or discounts that
were paid or granted by Visa®,
MasterCard®, or
other card associations with respect to or apportionable to accounts covered by
CB&T’s agreements with us and other consideration due to us. The complaint
also alleges that CB&T refused to approve changes requested by us to the
terms of the credit card accounts and refused to permit certain marketing, all
in violation of the agreements among the parties. Also in this litigation,
CB&T has asserted claims against CompuCredit Corporation for alleged failure
to follow certain account management guidelines and for reimbursement of certain
legal fees that it has incurred associated with CompuCredit Corporation’s
contractual relationship with CB&T. Settlement discussions are at an
advanced stage, but CompuCredit cannot provide any assurances regarding their
outcome.
On
July 14, 2008, CompuCredit Corporation and four of our officers, David G.
Hanna, Richard R. House, Jr., Richard W. Gilbert and J. Paul Whitehead III, were
named as defendants in a purported class action securities case filed in the
United States District Court for the Northern District of Georgia entitled Waterford Township General
Employees Retirement System vs. CompuCredit Corporation, et al., Civil
Action No. 08-CV-2270. On August 22, 2008, a virtually identical case was
filed entitled Steinke vs.
CompuCredit Corporation et al., Civil Action No. 08-CV-2687.
In general, the complaints alleged that we made false and misleading statements
(or concealed information) regarding the nature of our assets, accounting for
loan losses, marketing and collection practices, exposure to sub-prime losses,
ability to lend funds, and expected future performance. The complaints recently
were consolidated, and a consolidated complaint has now been filed. We are
vigorously contesting this complaint, and the defendants have filed a motion to
dismiss and their reply brief in opposition to the plaintiff’s response
brief.
CompuCredit
Corporation received a demand dated August 25, 2008, from a shareholder, Ms. Sue
An, that CompuCredit Corporation take action against all of its directors and
two of its officers for alleged breaches of fiduciary duty. In general, the
alleged breaches are the same as the actions that are the subject of the class
action securities case. Our Board of Directors appointed a special litigation
committee to investigate the allegations; that investigation has now been
concluded, and we are in the process of communicating that conclusion to Ms. Sue
An’s legal counsel.
12. Net Loss Attributable to
Controlling Interests Per Common Share
We
compute earnings per share (“EPS”) attributable to our common shareholders by
dividing income or loss attributable to controlling interests by the
weighted-average common shares outstanding including participating securities
outstanding during the period, as discussed below. Diluted EPS
reflects the potential dilution beyond shares for basic EPS that could occur if
securities or other contracts to issue common stock were exercised, were
converted into common stock or were to result in the issuance of common stock
that would share in our earnings.
On
January 1, 2009, we adopted new accounting rules that require us to include all
unvested stock awards that contain non-forfeitable rights to dividends or
dividend equivalents, whether paid or unpaid, in the number of shares
outstanding in our basic and diluted EPS calculations. Common stock
and unvested share-based payment awards earn dividends equally, and we have
included all outstanding restricted stock awards in our calculation of basic and
diluted EPS for current and prior periods.
The following
table sets forth the computation of net loss attributable to controlling
interests per common share (in thousands, except per share data):
For
the Three Months Ended
September
30,
|
For
the Nine Months Ended September 30,
|
|||||||||||||||
2009
|
2008
|
2009
|
2008
|
|||||||||||||
Numerator:
|
||||||||||||||||
Loss
from continuing operations attributable to controlling
interests
|
$ | (239,411 | ) | $ | (32,527 | ) | $ | (481,983 | ) | $ | (82,622 | ) | ||||
Loss
from discontinued operations attributable to controlling
interests
|
$ | — | $ | (1,251 | ) | $ | (4,289 | ) | $ | (5,915 | ) | |||||
Loss
attributable to controlling interests
|
$ | (239,411 | ) | $ | (33,778 | ) | $ | (486,272 | ) | $ | (88,537 | ) | ||||
Denominator:
|
||||||||||||||||
Basic
(including unvested share-based payment awards) (1)
|
47,731 | 47,599 | 47,670 | 47,588 | ||||||||||||
Effect
of dilutive stock options and warrants (2)
|
68 | 35 | 39 | 53 | ||||||||||||
Diluted
(including unvested share-based payment awards) (1)
|
47,799 | 47,634 | 47,709 | 47,641 | ||||||||||||
Loss
from continuing operations attributable to controlling interests per
common share—basic
|
$ | (5.02 | ) | $ | (0.68 | ) | $ | (10.11 | ) | $ | (1.74 | ) | ||||
Loss
from continuing operations attributable to controlling interests per
common share—diluted
|
$ | (5.02 | ) | $ | (0.68 | ) | $ | (10.11 | ) | $ | (1.74 | ) | ||||
Loss
from discontinued operations attributable to controlling interests per
common share—basic
|
$ | — | $ | (0.03 | ) | $ | (0.09 | ) | $ | (0.12 | ) | |||||
Loss
from discontinued operations attributable to controlling interests per
common share—diluted
|
$ | — | $ | (0.03 | ) | $ | (0.09 | ) | $ | (0.12 | ) | |||||
Net
loss attributable to controlling interests per common
share—basic
|
$ | (5.02 | ) | $ | (0.71 | ) | $ | (10.20 | ) | $ | (1.86 | ) | ||||
Net
loss attributable to controlling interests per common
share—diluted
|
$ | (5.02 | ) | $ | (0.71 | ) | $ | (10.20 | ) | $ | (1.86 | ) |
(1)
|
Shares
related to unvested share-based payment awards that we included in our
basic and diluted share counts are as follows: 843,324 and
790,919 shares for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2009,
respectively; and 805,451 and 814,544 shares for the three and nine months
ended September 30, 2008,
respectively.
|
(2)
|
The
effect of dilutive options is shown for informational purposes
only. As we were in a net loss position for all periods
presented, the effect of including outstanding options and restricted
stock would be anti-dilutive, and they are thus excluded from all
calculations.
|
As their
effects were anti-dilutive due to our net losses, we excluded all of our stock
options and 364,961 and 375,958 of unvested restricted share units,
respectively, from our net loss attributable to controlling interests per common
share calculations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2009. Also
as their effects were anti-dilutive, we excluded 837,980 and 833,744 of our
stock options and 345,568 and 343,853 of unvested restricted share units,
respectively, from the net loss attributable to controlling interests per
common share calculations for the three and nine months ended September 30,
2008. Also excluded from net loss attributable to controlling interests per
common share calculations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2009
and 2008 are shares into which our convertible senior notes may one day be
converted and shares represented by a share lending agreement into which we
entered contemporaneously with our November 2005 issuance of convertible senior
notes.
13.
|
Stock-Based
Compensation
|
In connection with our holding company
reorganization and pursuant to an Assumption Agreement dated as of June 30,
2009, we assumed CompuCredit Corporation’s equity incentive plans and Employee
Stock Purchase Plan (the “ESPP”). This allows us to grant equity
awards under the CompuCredit Corporation 2008 Equity Incentive Plan (the “2008
Plan”) and will permit our eligible employees to participate in the ESPP. The
number of shares authorized for issuance under the 2008 Plan and the ESPP was
not increased as a result of the reorganization. Outstanding awards under all of
CompuCredit Corporation’s equity incentive plans will continue in effect in
accordance with the terms and conditions of the applicable plan and award,
except that CompuCredit Holdings Corporation common stock has been substituted
for CompuCredit Corporation common stock.
The 2008
Plan provides for grants of stock options, stock appreciation rights,
restricted stock awards, restricted stock units and incentive
awards. The maximum aggregate number of shares of common stock that may be
issued under this plan and to which awards may relate is 2,000,000 shares, and
1,366,165 shares remained available for grant under this plan as of September
30, 2009.
Upon
shareholder approval of the 2008 Plan in May 2008, all remaining shares
available for grant under our previous stock option and restricted stock plans
were terminated. Exercises and vestings under our stock-based employee
compensation plans resulted in our recognition of an income tax-related charge
to additional paid-in capital of $0.0 million and $1.3 million, respectively, in
the three and nine months ended September 30, 2009, while we recognized income
tax-related paid-in capital charges of $0.2 million and $1.2 million,
respectively, in the three and nine months ended September 30,
2008.
Stock
Options
Our 2008
Plan and its predecessor plans provide that we may grant options on or shares of
our common stock to members of the Board of Directors, employees, consultants
and advisors. The exercise price per share of the options may be less than,
equal to or greater than the market price on the date the option is granted. The
option period may not exceed 10 years from the date of grant. The vesting
requirements for options granted by us range from immediate to 5 years.
Effective January 1, 2006, we adopted accounting rules for the expensing of
stock option costs using modified prospective application. During the three and
nine month-periods ended September 30, 2009, we expensed stock-option-related
compensation costs of $0.5 million and $1.5 million, respectively, and during
the three and nine month-periods ended September 30, 2008, we expensed
stock-option-related compensation costs of $0.5 million and $1.5 million,
respectively. We recognize stock-option-related compensation expense for any
awards with graded vesting on a straight-line basis over the vesting period for
the entire award. Information related to
options outstanding is as follows:
For the Nine
Months Ended September 30, 2009
|
||||||||||||||||
Number of
shares
|
Weighted-
average
exercise price
|
Weighted-
average of remaining
contractual
life
|
Aggregate
intrinsic
value
|
|||||||||||||
Outstanding
at January 1, 2009
|
840,664 | $ | 31.04 | |||||||||||||
Granted
|
— | — | ||||||||||||||
Exercised
|
— | — | ||||||||||||||
Cancelled/Forfeited
|
(50,664 | ) | $ | 19.97 | ||||||||||||
Outstanding
at September 30, 2009
|
790,000 | $ | 31.75 | 3.4 | $ | — | ||||||||||
Exercisable
at September 30, 2009
|
40,000 | $ | 27.90 | 1.7 | $ | — |
As of
September 30, 2009, our unamortized deferred compensation costs associated with
non-vested stock options were $2.7 million, and no grants or exercises of stock
options occurred during the nine months ended September 30, 2009.
Restricted Stock
and Restricted Stock Unit Awards
During
the nine months ended September 30, 2009 and 2008 we granted 211,454 and 712,545
shares of restricted stock and restricted stock units, respectively, with
aggregate grant date fair values of $1.1 million and $6.1 million, respectively.
No additional shares were granted for the three months ended September 30, 2009.
When we grant restricted shares, we defer the grant date value of the restricted
shares and amortize the grant date values of these shares (net of anticipated
forfeitures) as compensation expense with an offsetting entry to the additional
paid-in capital component of our consolidated shareholders’ equity. Our issued
restricted shares generally vest over a range of twenty-four to sixty months and
are being amortized to salaries and benefits expense ratably over the respective
vesting periods. As of September 30, 2009, our unamortized deferred compensation
costs associated with non-vested restricted stock awards were $7.3 million with
a weighted-average remaining amortization period of 1.6 years.
Occasionally,
we issue or sell stock in our subsidiaries to certain members of the
subsidiaries’ management teams. The terms of these awards vary but generally
include vesting periods comparable to those of stock issued under our restricted
stock plan. Generally, these shares can be converted to cash or our stock (or in
one case the stock of one of our subsidiaries) at our discretion after the
specified vesting period or the occurrence of other contractual events.
Ownership in these shares constitutes noncontrolling interests in the
subsidiaries. We are amortizing these compensation costs commensurate with the
applicable vesting period. The weighted-average remaining vesting period for
stock still subject to restrictions was 1.7 years as of September 30,
2009.
ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT’S
DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF
OPERATIONS
The
following discussion should be read in conjunction with our condensed
consolidated financial statements and the related notes included herein and our
Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2008, where
certain terms (including trust, subsidiary and other entity names and financial,
operating and statistical measures) have been defined.
This
Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of
Operations includes forward-looking statements. We have based these
forward-looking statements on our current plans, expectations and beliefs about
future events. Actual results could differ materially, however, because of a
number of factors, including the factors discussed in “Risk Factors” in Part II,
Item 1A and elsewhere in this report.
OVERVIEW
Holding
Company Formation and Reorganization
On
June 30, 2009, we completed a reorganization through which CompuCredit
Corporation, our former parent company, became a wholly owned subsidiary of
CompuCredit Holdings Corporation. We effected this reorganization through a
merger pursuant to an Agreement and Plan of Merger, dated as of June 2,
2009, by and among CompuCredit Corporation, CompuCredit Holdings Corporation and
CompuCredit Merger Sub, Inc., and as a result of the reorganization, each
outstanding share of CompuCredit Corporation common stock was automatically
converted into one share of CompuCredit Holdings Corporation common
stock.
As a
result of the reorganization, CompuCredit Corporation common stock is no longer
publicly traded, and CompuCredit Holdings Corporation common stock commenced
trading on the NASDAQ Global Select Market on July 1, 2009 under the symbol
“CCRT,” the same symbol under which CompuCredit Corporation common stock was
previously listed and traded. We continue to consider other
restructuring alternatives including a spin-off of one or more of our
operations.
Business
We are a
provider of various credit and related financial services and products to or
associated with the financially underserved consumer credit market—a market
represented by credit risks that regulators classify as “sub-prime.” We
traditionally have served this market principally through our marketing and
solicitation of credit card accounts and other credit products and our servicing
of various receivables underlying both originated and acquired accounts. We have
contracted with third-party financial institutions pursuant to which the
financial institutions have issued general purpose consumer credit cards and we
have purchased the receivables relating to such accounts on a daily basis. We
also have marketed to cardholders other ancillary products, including credit and
identity theft monitoring, health discount programs, shopping discount programs,
debt waivers and life insurance. Our product and service offerings also include
small-balance, short-term cash advance loans—generally less than $500 (or the
equivalent thereof in the British pound for pound-denominated loans) for
30 days or less and to which we refer as “micro-loans” these loans are
marketed through various channels, including retail branch locations and the
Internet. We also have originated auto loans through franchised and independent
auto dealers, purchased and/or serviced auto loans from or for a pre-qualified
network of dealers in the buy-here, pay-here used car business and sold used
automobiles through our own buy-here, pay-here lots. Lastly, our licensed debt
collections subsidiary purchases and collects previously charged-off receivables
from us, the trusts that we service and third parties.
The most
significant ongoing issues and events for our business during the three and nine
months ended September 30, 2009 were:
·
|
The
continuing effects of the economic downturn and the ongoing difficulties
in the liquidity markets that have prevented us from raising new funds in
order to originate credit card receivables and auto loans, thereby causing
us to offer payment incentive programs to credit card customers, to close
substantially all of our credit card accounts (other than those associated
with our Investment in Previously Charged-Off Receivables segment’s
balance transfer program), and to cease all auto loan origination efforts
associated with our ACC operations (all of which have a negative impact on
both short-term earnings and the potential for longer term profitability)
and to continue with our expense paring
efforts;
|
·
|
Our
change in assumption in computing the fair value of our retained interests
in our securitization trusts to reflect our determination during the
quarter that a buyer of the residual interests we hold in our upper-tier
and lower-tier originated portfolio master trusts would likely discount
the price that they would pay for the residual interests to reflect
|
|
the
risk that the securitization facilities could soon enter early
amortization status—thereby materially delaying the buyer’s receipt of
cash flows until the underlying securitization facilities were completely
repaid;
|
·
|
Our
recognition of a $114.0 million securitization gain in connection with the
cancellation of certain notes issued out of our upper-tier originated
portfolio master trust;
|
·
|
Our
recognition of an $11.0 million net pre-tax gain associated with our
settlement with Encore over its claims that we breached contract and its
failure to purchase certain previously charged-off receivables accounts
under its forward flow contract with us;
and
|
·
|
Our
repayment of $81.1 million of notes payable within our Auto Finance
segment as we were not able to reach satisfactory terms to renew or
replace these debt facilities.
|
Most
critical to us is the disruption we continue to see in global liquidity markets
and the ongoing weakness of the world economy. As is customary in our industry,
we finance most of our credit card receivables through the asset-backed
securitization markets—markets that worsened significantly in 2008 and have not
sufficiently recovered thus far in 2009. We are concerned that the traditional
securitization markets may not return to any degree of efficient and effective
functionality for us in the near term, and even if they were available to us
now, the current regulatory and economic environment and our current liquidity
position are not attractive enough for us to want to originate new credit card
receivables (other than through our Investment in Previously Charged-Off
Receivables segment’s balance transfer program).
In the
current environment and with our expectation that soon the only cash flows we
could be receiving within our Credit Cards segment are those associated with
servicing compensation until our securitization facilities are fully repaid, we
are closely monitoring and managing our liquidity position and reducing our
overhead infrastructure (which was built to accommodate higher account
originations and managed receivables levels) in an effort to preserve cash.
These actions, while prudent to preserve liquidity, have the effect of reducing
our potential for profitability both in the near term and over the long term.
Our hope is that our reductions in personnel, overhead and other costs to levels
that our Credit Cards segment can support with servicing compensation as its
only cash inflow will not cause further impairments in the fair values of our
retained interests in our securitized credit card receivables; however, this
outcome cannot be assured.
Our
credit card and other operations are heavily regulated, and over time we change
how we conduct our operations either in response to regulation or in keeping
with our goals of continuing to lead the industry in the application of
consumer-friendly credit card practices. We have made several significant
changes to our practices over the past several years, and because our account
management practices are evolutionary and dynamic, it is possible that we may
make further changes to these practices, some of which may produce positive, and
others of which may produce adverse, effects on our operating results and
financial position.
Subject
to the availability of liquidity to us at attractive terms and pricing, which is
difficult if not impossible to obtain in the current market, our shareholders
should expect us to continue to (1) evaluate and pursue for acquisition
additional credit card receivables portfolios, and potentially other financial
assets that are complementary to our financially underserved credit card
business and (2) evaluate and pursue additional opportunities to repurchase our
convertible senior notes and other debt at discounts to their face amounts.
Additionally, given that financing for growth and acquisitions currently is
constrained, our shareholders should expect us to pursue less capital intensive
activities, like servicing credit card receivables and other assets for third
parties (and in which we have limited or no equity interests), that allow us to
leverage our expertise and infrastructure.
CONSOLIDATED
RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
For
the Three Months Ended September 30,
|
Income
increases (decreases) from
|
|||||||||||
(In
thousands)
|
2009
|
2008
|
2008 to
2009
|
|||||||||
Earnings:
|
||||||||||||
Total
interest income
|
$ | 18,312 | $ | 24,527 | $ | (6,215 | ) | |||||
Interest
expense
|
(9,465 | ) | (12,619 | ) | 3,154 | |||||||
Fees
and related income on non-securitized earning assets:
|
||||||||||||
Retail
micro-loan fees
|
19,393 | 16,177 | 3,216 | |||||||||
Internet
micro-loan fees
|
18,636 | 12,362 | 6,274 | |||||||||
Fees
on non-securitized credit card receivables
|
— | 960 | (960 | ) | ||||||||
Income
on investments in previously charged-off receivables
|
16,475 | 4,892 | 11,583 | |||||||||
Gross
profit on auto sales
|
4,274 | 7,355 | (3,081 | ) | ||||||||
Gains
(losses) on investments in securities
|
146 | (276 | ) | 422 | ||||||||
Other
|
(34 | ) | 1,008 | (1,042 | ) | |||||||
Other
operating (loss) income:
|
||||||||||||
Securitization
gain
|
113,961 | — | 113,961 | |||||||||
Loss
on retained interest in credit card receivables
securitized
|
(334,035 | ) | (3,571 | ) | (330,464 | ) | ||||||
Fees
on securitized receivables
|
3,658 | 7,809 | (4,151 | ) | ||||||||
Servicing
income
|
21,999 | 44,537 | (22,538 | ) | ||||||||
Ancillary
and interchange revenues
|
4,028 | 14,401 | (10,373 | ) | ||||||||
Gain
on repurchase of convertible senior notes
|
— | — | — | |||||||||
Gain
on buy-out of equity-method investee members
|
— | — | — | |||||||||
Equity
in (loss) income of equity-method investees
|
(2,170 | ) | 1,674 | (3,844 | ) | |||||||
$ | (124,822 | ) | $ | 119,236 | $ | (244,058 | ) | |||||
Provision
for loan losses
|
16,712 | 16,700 | (12 | ) | ||||||||
Operating
expenses:
|
||||||||||||
Salaries
and benefits
|
12,182 | 16,407 | 4,225 | |||||||||
Card
and loan servicing
|
55,930 | 65,188 | 9,258 | |||||||||
Marketing
and solicitation
|
4,418 | 8,754 | 4,336 | |||||||||
Depreciation
|
4,520 | 8,351 | 3,831 | |||||||||
Goodwill
impairment
|
— | 29,164 | 29,164 | |||||||||
Other
|
22,840 | 27,800 | 4,960 | |||||||||
Noncontrolling
interests
|
(778 | ) | 30 | (808 | ) |
For the Nine Months Ended
September 30,
|
Income
increases
(decreases)
from
|
|||||||||||
(In
thousands)
|
2009
|
2008
|
2008
to 2009
|
|||||||||
Earnings:
|
||||||||||||
Total
interest income
|
$ | 57,661 | $ | 75,782 | $ | (18,121 | ) | |||||
Interest
expense
|
(29,675 | ) | (39,558 | ) | 9,883 | |||||||
Fees
and related income on non-securitized earning assets:
|
||||||||||||
Retail
micro-loan fees
|
52,635 | 51,384 | 1,251 | |||||||||
Internet
micro-loan fees
|
45,528 | 30,132 | 15,396 | |||||||||
Fees
on non-securitized credit card receivables
|
— | 6,363 | (6,363 | ) | ||||||||
Income
on investments in previously charged-off receivables
|
24,640 | 34,718 | (10,078 | ) | ||||||||
Gross
profit on auto sales
|
17,883 | 25,362 | (7,479 | ) | ||||||||
Gains
(losses) on investments in securities
|
309 | (6,527 | ) | 6,836 | ||||||||
Other
|
1,467 | 5,197 | (3,730 | ) | ||||||||
Other
operating (loss) income:
|
||||||||||||
Securitization
gain
|
113,961 | — | 113,961 | |||||||||
Loss
on retained interest in credit card receivables
securitized
|
(657,869 | ) | (37,409 | ) | (620,460 | ) | ||||||
Fees
on securitized receivables
|
13,778 | 23,579 | (9,801 | ) | ||||||||
Servicing
income
|
92,873 | 137,691 | (44,818 | ) | ||||||||
Ancillary
and interchange revenues
|
15,255 | 45,532 | (30,277 | ) | ||||||||
Gain
on repurchase of convertible senior notes
|
160 | 13,728 | (13,568 | ) | ||||||||
Gain
on buy-out of equity-method investee members
|
20,990 | — | 20,990 | |||||||||
Equity
in (loss) income of equity-method investees
|
(12,185 | ) | 17,130 | (29,315 | ) | |||||||
$ | (242,589 | ) | $ | 383,104 | $ | (625,693 | ) | |||||
Provision
for loan losses
|
47,520 | 52,585 | 5,065 | |||||||||
Operating
expenses:
|
||||||||||||
Salaries
and benefits
|
40,257 | 53,094 | 12,837 | |||||||||
Card
and loan servicing
|
166,680 | 212,301 | 45,621 | |||||||||
Marketing
and solicitation
|
12,472 | 41,653 | 29,181 | |||||||||
Depreciation
|
16,161 | 25,621 | 9,460 | |||||||||
Goodwill
impairment
|
20,000 | 29,164 | 9,164 | |||||||||
Other
|
73,343 | 92,297 | 18,954 | |||||||||
Noncontrolling
interests
|
13,658 | (1,471 | ) | 15,129 |
Three
and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2009, Compared to Three and Nine Months
Ended September 30, 2008
Total interest
income. Total interest income consists primarily of finance charges and
late fees earned on loans and fees receivable we have not securitized in
off-balance-sheet securitization transactions—principally from our Auto Finance
segment. The decrease is primarily due to the ongoing attrition
within our auto finance receivables portfolios as we do not originate sufficient
new loans to replace those of consumers who either pay off their balances or
become delinquent and charge off.
Also
included within total interest income (under the other category on our
consolidated statements of operations) is interest income we earn on our various
investments in debt securities, including interest earned on bonds distributed
to us from our equity-method investees and on our subordinated, certificated
interest in the Embarcadero Trust. Principal amortization caused a reduction in
interest income levels associated with some of our bonds and the Embarcadero
Trust interest. Moreover, the elimination of our holdings of bonds issued by
other third-party asset-backed securitizations contributed further to our
reduced other interest income relative to that experienced in the three and nine
months ended September 30, 2008. Subsequent to the end of our second quarter of
2008, we liquidated our remaining investments in third-party asset-backed
securities in response to margin calls; as a result, we do not have any
continuing interest income associated with these investments.
Our
ongoing total interest income is expected to be lower than experienced in prior
years and quarters. Due to tightening liquidity, we significantly restricted
growth within our Auto Finance segment beginning with the third quarter of 2008,
and absent our obtaining additional financing at attractive terms and pricing,
we expect interest income within our Auto Finance segment to decline with net
liquidations in its receivables levels for the foreseeable
future.
Interest
expense. The decreases are primarily due to repurchases of our
convertible senior notes during 2008 and in the first quarter of 2009, as well
as our declining interest expense levels associated with the reduced levels of
collateralized financing of our investments in third-party asset-backed
securitizations. With our disposition of these investments immediately after the
close of our second quarter of 2008, we will not incur any further interest
costs associated with the financing of these investments.
Our noted
declines in interest costs were partially offset, however, by higher interest
costs within our MEM, U.K.-based, Internet, micro-loan operations, reflecting
the funding of receivables growth within these operations through draws against
available credit lines. Because MEM’s cash flows at moderate growth levels are
allowing it to de-lever in 2009 and pay down its outstanding debt, we expect to
incur diminishing interest costs throughout 2009 related to this business
line.
Increased
pricing on debt facilities within our Auto Finance segment (as of the third
quarter of 2008) also partially offset our noted declines in interest costs.
Notwithstanding higher pricing, however, our interests costs are expected to
continue to decline with net liquidations of our Auto Finance segment
receivables for the foreseeable future.
The
above-noted net declines in interest costs will be partially offset in the
future by increasing non-cash interest charges as a result of our adoption of
new Instrument C accounting rules effective January 1, 2009. The amount of
interest expense attributable to our adoption of the new rules will gradually
increase over time with trending higher levels of discount accretion into
interest expense, thereby slowing the downward trend we have been seeing in
total interest costs. Based on our 2009 adoption of the Instrument C accounting
rules coupled with our retrospective application of these rules to 2008, we
experienced $2.6 million and $7.6 million of non-cash, discount
accretion-related interest expense in the three and nine months ended September
30, 2009, respectively, and $2.5 million and $7.6 million of non-cash, discount
accretion-related interest expense in the three and nine months ended September
30, 2008, respectively. Offsetting the expected trending higher interest costs
that we expect due to discount accretion in each passing quarter under the new
rules, however, was the effect of the aforementioned repurchases of our
convertible senior notes.
Fees and related
income on non-securitized earning assets. The significant factors
affecting our levels of fees and related income on non-securitized earning
assets include:
·
|
increases
in Internet micro-loan fees, reflecting our organic growth of our MEM
operations;
|
·
|
lower
fees on non-securitized credit card receivables, reflecting our late 2008
securitization of credit card receivables originated through our
Investment in Previously Charged-Off Receivables segment’s balance
transfer program;
|
·
|
decreases
in income on investments in previously charged-off receivables for the
nine months ended September 2009 principally reflecting the adverse
effects of our dispute with Encore (which we settled in September 2009 at
a $11.0 million gain contributing to an increase in income from
investments in previously charged-off receivables for the three months
ended September 2009) over Encore’s failure to continue purchases of
previously charged-off receivables under our forward flow contract as
discussed in detail within the Investment in Previously Charged-Off
Receivables Segment section below—offset somewhat, however, by growth in
the segment’s balance transfer program and Chapter 13 bankruptcy
activities;
|
·
|
lower
gross profits on automotive vehicle sales for the three and nine months
ended September 30, 2009 relating to our JRAS operations primarily due to
our closure of four lots during the first quarter of 2009 and two
additional lots in the second quarter of 2009, coupled with slower sales
on its remaining lots; and
|
·
|
lower
levels of losses associated with our investments in securities primarily
due to our cessation of a significant majority of these activities as we
liquidated our remaining investments in third-party asset-backed
securities in response to margin calls in the second quarter of
2008.
|
As we
have now disposed of all of our investments in third-party asset-backed
securities, we expect no further losses on those investments.
Because
of its settlement with Encore, prospects for near-term profits and revenue
growth within our Investments in Previously Charged-off Receivables segment are
now significantly enhanced. This segment continues to purchase pools of
charged-off receivables at favorable pricing which reflects an oversupply of
charged-off paper in the marketplace. Moreover, this segment continues to seek
third-party financing for future purchases and recently added an additional
financing facility. Nevertheless, the economic downturn’s impact on
the segment’s ability to collect certain pools of previously
charged-off
paper at
sufficient levels to earn its desired returns and liquidity constraints on the
ability of this segment to purchase previously charged-off paper at its desired
levels could prevent this segment from growing as rapidly as
desired.
Additionally,
we expect Auto Finance segment gross profits in the fourth quarter of this year
to remain relatively flat to potentially lower than we experienced in the third
quarter of this year given our decision to close two more of JRAS’s lots during
the second quarter. We do not intend to expand JRAS’s operations for the
foreseeable future and may take further actions to limit the amount of capital
required to fund its ongoing operations.
Lastly,
we currently expect continued growth in fees from our U.K.-based, Internet,
micro-loan operations within MEM as this entity continues to execute on its
growth plans. Moreover, with the re-commencement of loan generation within our
Ohio retail micro-loan storefronts coupled with new underwriting criteria, we
expect increased retail micro-loan fees as well as continued and higher
profitability for the Retail Micro-Loans segment in the fourth
quarter.
Loss on
securitized earning assets. Loss on securitized earning assets is the net
of (1) securitization gains, (2) loss on retained interests in credit card
receivables securitized and (3) returned-check, cash advance and other fees
associated with our securitized credit card receivables.
Given the
current net liquidating status of each of our credit card receivables portfolios
within their respective securitization trusts, we have not recognized any
securitization gains during 2009 apart from the securitization gain experienced
in connection with our third quarter purchase (and subsequent cancellation) of
securitization facility notes; absent portfolio additions or additional note
purchases at discounted prices, we do not anticipate additional securitization
gains for the foreseeable future.
We have
experienced significantly higher 2009 losses on retained interests in credit
card receivables securitized. Throughout 2008, we saw significant declines in
the levels of receivables within our originated portfolios, which resulted in
significantly lower fee billings for 2009. Also contributing to the 2009 losses
we have experienced on our retained interests in credit card receivables are (1)
our inability to re-price accounts that were owned by Columbus Bank and Trust at
market-appropriate pricing (a matter that is the subject of litigation between
us and CB&T), (2) certain adverse changes to our retained interest valuation
assumptions given ongoing current negative trends in the U.S. and U.K.
economies, including those associated with our third quarter 2009 conclusion
that a buyer of our residual interests in our upper and lower-tier originated
portfolio master trusts would likely discount the price that they would pay for
the residual interests to reflect the risk that the securitization facilities
could soon enter early amortization status, (3) certain account actions
(including reductions in credit lines and account closures) that have negatively
affected the fair value of our interest-only strips embedded within our loss on
retained interests in credit card receivables securitized computations and
resulted in accelerations of charge offs as some customers are either unwilling
or unable to pay down on existing balances once account actions have been taken,
and (4) the effects of significant fee and finance charge credits that we have
provided to customers primarily in the first and second quarters of 2009 under
incentive programs aimed at stimulating prompt and increased payments from
customers in the face of reductions in payment rates due to deteriorating
economic conditions. While we do not anticipate having to make fee and finance
charge credits to stimulate payments at the same levels as those experienced in
the first two quarters of 2009, additional incentive programs and/or account
actions could continue to depress fee billings. Additionally, now
that we have cancelled charging privileges for substantially all remaining
credit card accounts within our Credit Cards segment, we are likely to see some
continuing short-term variations in fee billings and charge-offs as customers
react to the new terms underlying their cards.
In the
Credit Cards Segment
section below, we provide further details concerning delinquency and credit
quality trends, which affect the level of our loss on retained interests in
credit card receivables securitized and fees on securitized
receivables.
Servicing income.
Servicing income has decreased relative to 2008 levels due to the effects
on our servicing compensation of liquidations in our credit card receivables
portfolios and those of our equity-method investees for which we have been
engaged as servicer. In the absence of portfolio acquisitions and given
currently planned originations at only test levels, we anticipate further
decreases in our servicing income levels for the remainder of 2009 and beyond
due to our currently liquidating portfolios.
Ancillary and
interchange revenues. Ancillary and interchange revenues have decreased
relative to 2008 levels because we have had significantly fewer new credit card
account additions in recent months and because of the effects of account closure
actions and the net liquidations we have experienced in all of our credit card
receivables portfolios. Absent portfolio acquisitions, we expect further
reductions in our ancillary and interchange revenues throughout
2009.
Gain on buy-out of
equity-method investee members. In May 2009, we bought out the other
members of our then-longest standing equity-method investee, and we recognized a
$21.0 million gain based on the re-measurement to fair value of our previously
held equity interest in the equity-method investee.
Equity in (loss)
income of equity-method investees. The adverse results with respect to
our equity-method investees primarily reflects the effects of worsening economic
conditions on the performance of the credit card receivables underlying our
equity-method investees’ retained interests holdings and the valuations thereof,
as well as our continued gradual liquidation of the receivables balances
associated with these equity-method investees. We expect to see
continued liquidations in these portfolios for the foreseeable
future.
Provision for
loan losses. Our provision for loan losses covers aggregate loss
exposures on (1) principal receivable balances, (2) finance charges
and late fees receivable underlying income amounts included within our total
interest income category, and (3) other fees receivable. The decrease in
the provision for loan losses is primarily due to the declines in receivables we
have experienced in our Auto Finance segment, offset slightly, however, by
increased loss estimates for those receivables. We currently expect
our 2009 provision for loan losses to be relatively comparable to and perhaps
slightly lower than in 2008. We should experience increased 2009 loan losses
associated with our plans to continue modestly growing our retail and Internet
micro-loans and given potential degradation in credit quality based on
continuing weakness in the U.S. and U.K. economies and labor markets. These
increases are expected to be offset, however, by net liquidations within our
Auto Finance segment receivables.
Total other
operating expense. Total other operating expense decreased, reflecting
the following:
·
|
decreases
in marketing and solicitation costs due to our desire to preserve capital
given the ongoing dislocation of the liquidity markets and our
corresponding scale back in our credit card marketing efforts primarily to
test levels;
|
·
|
diminished
salaries and benefits costs resulting from our ongoing cost-cutting
efforts as we continue to adjust our internal operations to reflect the
declining size of our existing
portfolios;
|
·
|
decreases
within card and loan servicing expenses, primarily as a result of credit
card and other loan portfolio liquidations—such decreases being partially
offset by increased costs associated with our MEM, U.K.-based, Internet,
micro-loan operations that we have expanded throughout 2008 and thus far
in 2009;
|
·
|
decreases
in depreciation due to cost containment measures, specifically a
diminished level of capital investments by us in light of liquidity
constraints; and
|
·
|
lower
other expenses (which include, for example, rent and other occupancy
costs, legal and professional fees, transportation and travel costs,
telecom and data processing costs, insurance premiums, and other overhead
cost categories) as we continue to adjust our associated internal costs
based on the declining size of our existing portfolios; offset, however,
by
|
·
|
a
goodwill impairment charge of $20.0 million in the second quarter of 2009
related to our Retail Micro-Loans segment precipitated by our closure of
Arkansas storefronts and depressed market
valuations.
|
While we
incur certain base levels of fixed costs, the majority of our operating costs
are variable based on the levels of accounts we market and receivables we
service (both for our own account and for others) and the pace and breadth of
our search for, acquisition of and introduction of new business lines, products
and services. We have substantially reduced our exploration of new products and
services and research and development efforts pending improvements in the
liquidity markets. In addition, we have terminated various operations that were
start-up in nature and were not individually meeting our current capital
allocation requirements. Given our current focus on cost-cutting and capital
preservation in light of the continuing dislocation in the liquidity markets and
significant uncertainties as to when these markets will improve, we expect
further reductions in marketing efforts and expense levels and in most other
cost categories discussed above over the next several quarters. We continue to
perform extensive reviews of all areas of our businesses for cost savings
opportunities to better align our costs with our currently liquidating portfolio
of managed receivables.
Notwithstanding
the above and notwithstanding some anticipated legal cost savings given our
December 2008 settlement of litigation with the FTC and FDIC, we continue to
incur heightened legal costs and will continue to incur these costs at
heightened levels until we resolve all outstanding litigation. Additionally,
while it is relatively easy for us to scale back our variable expenses, it is
much more difficult for us to appreciably reduce our fixed and other costs
associated with an infrastructure (particularly within our Credit Cards segment)
that was built to support growing managed receivables and levels of managed
receivables that are significantly higher than both our current levels and the
levels that we expect to see given our liquidity-related receivables contraction
efforts. Our
inability
to reduce these costs as rapidly as our receivables reductions is expected to
put continuing pressure on our liquidity position and our ability to be
profitable.
Noncontrolling
interests. We reflect the ownership interests of noncontrolling holders
of equity in our majority-owned subsidiaries (including management team holders
of shares in our subsidiary entities; see Note 13, “Stock-Based Compensation”)
as noncontrolling interests in our consolidated statements of operations.
Generally, this expense is declining, which is consistent with liquidations of
acquired credit card portfolios within securitization trusts, the retained
interests of which are owned by our majority-owned subsidiaries. These trends
within our majority-owned subsidiaries, coupled with the challenges they have
faced given liquidity constraints and dislocation in the economy, generally have
resulted in net losses for our majority-owned subsidiaries and hence income
recognition with respect to our noncontrolling interests in recent quarters.
Contributors to the recent losses experienced by our majority-owned subsidiaries
include losses stemming from reduced income on our retained interests in
securitized credit card receivables within these subsidiaries in part associated
with more conservative valuation assumptions used with respect to their retained
interest valuations and losses incurred through June 30, 2009 within the
majority-owned subsidiary that is a holding company within our Investments in
Previously Charged-off Receivables segment principally given its now-settled (as
of September 2009) dispute with Encore as discussed throughout this
report. Further contributing to income recognition with respect to
our noncontrolling interests in the first and second quarters of 2009 are new
accounting rules that we adopted effective January 1, 2009 requiring us to
continue to allocate losses to the noncontrolling interests of our
majority-owned subsidiaries even if the allocation results in a deficit balance
in the noncontrolling interests’ capital account; as such, the adoption of these
rules will provide us with modest income recognition increases as we allocate to
noncontrolling interests a portion of the losses we would have otherwise
absorbed prior to the effective date of these rules.
But for
the ownership interests of noncontrolling holders of equity in our MEM,
U.K.-based, Internet micro-loan activities (which are experiencing growing
profitability), we would have experienced greater losses within our
majority-owned subsidiaries taken as a whole and hence greater income
recognition with respect to our noncontrolling interests in recent
quarters.
Income
taxes. Our overall effective tax rates (computed considering results for
both continuing and discontinued operations before income taxes in the
aggregate) were 1.2% and 20.1% for the three and nine months ended September 30,
2009, compared to 38.6% and 34.4% for the three and nine months ended September
30, 2008. We have experienced no material changes in effective tax rates
associated with differences in filing jurisdictions and changes in law between
these periods, and the variations in effective tax rates between these periods
are substantially related to the effects of $85.1 million and $95.8 million in
valuation allowances provided against income statement-oriented U.S. federal
deferred tax assets during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2009,
respectively. As computed without regard to the effects of all U.S. federal,
state, local and foreign tax valuation allowances taken against income
statement-oriented deferred tax assets, our effective tax rates would have been
36.4% and 35.4% for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2009,
respectively, and 39.1% and 34.6% for the three and nine months ended September
30, 2008, respectively.
Credit
Cards Segment
Our
Credit Cards segment includes our activities relating to investments in and
servicing of our various credit card portfolios, as well as the performance of
our various investments in asset-backed debt and equity securities prior to our
dispositions of substantially all of such securities holdings by June 30, 2008.
The revenues we earn from credit card activities primarily include finance
charges, late fees, over-limit fees, annual fees, activation fees, monthly
maintenance fees, returned-check fees and cash advance fees. We also sell
ancillary products such as memberships, insurance products, subscription
services and debt waiver. Additionally, we earn interchange fees, which
represent a portion of the merchant fee assessed by card associations based on
cardholder purchase volumes underlying credit card receivables.
Background
We make
various references within our discussion of the Credit Cards segment to our
managed receivables. In calculating managed receivables data, we assume that
none of the credit card receivables underlying our off-balance-sheet
securitization facilities were ever transferred to a securitization trust, and
we present our credit card receivables as if we still owned them. We reflect the
portion of the receivables that we own within our managed receivables data,
whether or not we consolidate the entity in which the receivables are held.
Therefore, managed receivables data include both securitized and non-securitized
credit card receivables. They include the receivables we manage for our
consolidated subsidiaries, except for the noncontrolling interest holders’
shares of the receivables, and they also include our share of the receivables
that we manage for our equity-method investees.
Financial,
operating and statistical data based on these aggregate managed receivables are
vital to any evaluation of our performance in managing our credit card
portfolios, including our underwriting, servicing and collecting activities and
our valuing of purchased receivables. In allocating our resources and managing
our business, management relies heavily upon financial data and results prepared
on this “managed basis.” Analysts, investors and others also consider it
important that we provide selected financial, operating and statistical data on
a managed basis because this allows a comparison of us to others within the
specialty finance industry. Moreover, our management, analysts, investors and
others believe it is critical that they understand the credit performance of the
entire portfolio of our managed receivables because it reveals information
concerning the quality of loan originations and the related credit risks
inherent within the securitized portfolios and our retained interests in their
underlying securitization trusts.
Reconciliation
of the managed receivables data to our GAAP financial statements requires:
(1) recognition that we now sell substantially all of our credit card
receivables in securitization transactions; (2) an understanding that our
managed receivables data are based on billings and actual charge offs as they
occur, without regard to any changes in our allowance for uncollectible loans
and fees receivable; (3) inclusion of our economic share of (or equity
interest in) the receivables that we manage for our equity-method investees; and
(4) removal of our noncontrolling interest holders’ shares of the managed
receivables underlying our GAAP consolidated results.
We
typically have purchased credit card receivables portfolios at substantial
discounts. A portion of these discounts is applied against receivables acquired
for which charge off is considered likely, including accounts in late stages of
delinquency at the date of acquisition; this portion is measured based on our
acquisition date estimate of the shortfall of cash flows expected to be
collected on the acquired portfolios relative to the face amount of receivables
represented within the acquired portfolios. We refer to the balance of the
discount for each purchase not needed for credit quality as accretable yield,
which we accrete into net interest margin using the interest method over the
estimated life of each acquired portfolio. As of the close of each financial
reporting period, we evaluate the appropriateness of the credit quality discount
component of our acquisition discount and the accretable yield component of our
acquisition discount based on actual and projected future results.
Asset
Quality
Our
delinquency and charge-off data at any point in time reflect the credit
performance of our managed receivables. The average age of the credit card
accounts underlying our receivables, the timing of portfolio purchases, the
success of our collection and recovery efforts and general economic conditions
all affect our delinquency and charge-off rates. The average age of the accounts
underlying our credit card receivables portfolio also affects the stability of
our delinquency and loss rates. We consider this delinquency and charge-off data
in the valuation of our retained interests in credit card receivables
securitized which is a component of securitized earning assets on our
consolidated balance sheets.
Our strategy for managing delinquency
and receivables losses consists of account management throughout the customer
relationship. This strategy includes credit line management and pricing based on
the risks of the credit card accounts. See also our discussion of collection
strategies under the heading “How Do We Collect from Our Customers?” in
Item 1, “Business,” of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended
December 31, 2008.
The
following table presents the delinquency trends of the credit card receivables
we manage, as well as charge-off data and other managed loan statistics (in
thousands; percentages of total):
At or For the
Three Months Ended
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2009 | 2008 | 2007 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Sept.
30
|
Jun.
30
|
Mar.
31
|
Dec.
31
|
Sep.
30
|
Jun.
30
|
Mar.
31
|
Dec.
31
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||
Period-end managed
receivables
|
$ | 1,751,037 | $ | 2,049,503 | $ | 2,299,925 | $ | 2,714,375 | $ | 3,041,877 | $ | 3,126,936 | $ | 3,378,827 | $ | 3,717,050 | ||||||||||||||||
Period-end
managed accounts
|
2,620 | 3,031 | 3,392 | 3,801 | 4,171 | 4,358 | 4,775 | 5,105 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Percent
30 or more days past due
|
21.0 | % | 20.5 | % | 23.3 | % | 23.8 | % | 18.8 | % | 18.0 | % | 21.4 | % | 24.9 | % | ||||||||||||||||
Percent
60 or more days past due
|
15.8 | % | 15.7 | % | 18.7 | % | 17.4 | % | 13.9 | % | 13.4 | % | 17.8 | % | 19.6 | % | ||||||||||||||||
Percent
90 or more days past due
|
11.1 | % | 11.6 | % | 14.6 | % | 12.7 | % | 9.8 | % | 9.7 | % | 14.3 | % | 14.2 | % | ||||||||||||||||
Average
managed receivables
|
$ | 1,916,291 | $ | 2,190,561 | $ | 2,530,390 | $ | 2,903,953 | $ | 3,079,867 | $ | 3,227,006 | $ | 3,558,518 | $ | 3,731,286 | ||||||||||||||||
Combined
gross charge-off ratio
|
45.9 | % | 54.4 | % | 52.6 | % | 33.9 | % | 33.0 | % | 50.6 | % | 50.2 | % | 37.4 | % | ||||||||||||||||
Net
charge-off ratio
|
30.0 | % | 29.7 | % | 20.7 | % | 14.8 | % | 15.4 | % | 21.5 | % | 20.6 | % | 15.8 | % | ||||||||||||||||
Adjusted
charge-off ratio
|
29.5 | % | 29.2 | % | 20.2 | % | 14.2 | % | 14.5 | % | 20.3 | % | 19.1 | % | 13.9 | % | ||||||||||||||||
Total
yield ratio
|
55.7 | % | 34.0 | % | 36.2 | % | 46.4 | % | 44.4 | % | 45.3 | % | 47.4 | % | 56.1 | % | ||||||||||||||||
Gross
yield ratio
|
21.5 | % | 20.6 | % | 22.0 | % | 25.3 | % | 24.8 | % | 23.1 | % | 24.3 | % | 29.2 | % | ||||||||||||||||
Net
interest margin
|
14.7 | % | 11.7 | % | 3.7 | % | 13.6 | % | 14.8 | % | 12.3 | % | 13.2 | % | 18.0 | % | ||||||||||||||||
Other
income ratio
|
22.7 | % | (4.8 | )% | (1.9 | )% | 9.8 | % | 7.7 | % | (0.8 | )% | (0.8 | )% | 11.9 | % | ||||||||||||||||
Operating
ratio
|
11.4 | % | 10.2 | % | 9.3 | % | 8.6 | % | 9.1 | % | 9.8 | % | 9.4 | % | 11.9 | % |
Managed
receivables. Our individual
purchased portfolios currently are in a state of liquidation due to the absence
of new cardholders to replace those who either pay off their balances or become
delinquent and charge off. The general trend-line decrease in our managed
receivables beginning in the fourth quarter of 2007 principally was due to
reductions in originations midway through the third quarter of 2007 in response
to tightened liquidity markets, combined with significant charge offs, primarily
of accounts originated in the second and third quarters of 2007. Additionally,
like other credit card issuers, we experienced lower than expected cardholder
purchases beginning in the fourth quarter of 2007, which also contributed to the
trend-line decrease in our managed receivables.
Recent
account actions, including credit line reductions, account closures and finance
charge and fee credits under incentive programs aimed at increasing cardholder
payment rates, have resulted in an accelerated pace of reductions in our managed
receivables balances. Beyond the significant effect on our managed receivables
balances of finance charge and fee credits aimed at improving customer payment
rates, balances have fallen rapidly in recent quarters as (1) there are
significantly lower cardholder purchases and (2) many customers are either
unwilling or unable to continue making payments on closed accounts given the
current economic landscape, thereby leading to delinquencies and ultimate charge
offs of the accounts and their underlying receivables. As we suspended charging
privileges for substantially all of our remaining accounts in the third quarter,
we expect diminished levels of ongoing finance charge and fee credits relative
to those provided in the first and second quarters of 2009, and we anticipate
that the recent closures will result in further accelerated reductions in our
managed receivables balances for the fourth quarter before leveling off somewhat
for 2010 as accounts continue to either charge-off or pay down. With the
isolated exception of our balance transfer program within our Investments in
Previously Charged-Off Receivables segment (the post-card issuance activities of
which are reported within our Credit Cards segment), we have curtailed our
credit card marketing efforts in light of dislocation in the liquidity markets
and our uncertainty as to when and if these markets will rebound sufficiently to
facilitate organic growth in our credit card receivables operations and as a
result do not anticipate meaningful additions in the near term to offset the
balance contractions noted above.
Delinquencies.
Delinquencies have the potential to impact net income in the form of net credit
losses. Delinquencies also are costly in terms of the personnel and resources
dedicated to resolving them. We intend for the account management strategies we
use on our portfolio to manage and, to the extent possible, reduce the higher
delinquency rates that can be expected in a more mature managed portfolio such
as ours. These account management strategies include conservative credit line
management, purging of inactive accounts and collection strategies intended to
optimize the effective account-to-collector ratio across delinquency categories.
We further describe these collection strategies under the heading “How Do We
Collect from Our Customers?” in Item 1, “Business,” in our Annual Report on
Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2008. We measure the success of these
efforts by measuring delinquency rates. These rates exclude accounts that have
been charged off.
Our
lower-tier credit card receivables typically experience substantially higher
delinquency rates and charge-off levels than those of our other originated and
purchased portfolios. Since December 31, 2007, our delinquency statistics have
benefited from a mix change whereby disproportionate charge-off levels for our
lower-tier credit card portfolios relative to those of our other credit card
receivables have caused a decline in lower-tier credit card receivables as a
percentage of our aggregate managed credit card receivables.
The
accounts underlying our lower-tier credit card receivables generally have a
shorter life cycle than our other accounts, with peak charge offs occurring
approximately eight to nine months after activation. Our lower-tier credit card
account growth has fluctuated significantly. We experienced record account
growth in the second and third quarters of 2007, moderate account originations
in the fourth quarter of 2007, significantly lower and trending lower account
originations throughout 2008, and very few originations thus far in 2009. This
“marketing volume-based volatility” results in increasing delinquencies in the
months shortly following periods of high growth, followed by high charge offs
generally in the third quarter following activation. For example, in the first
quarter of 2008, we experienced the initial charge offs from a record
1.5 million aggregate originations of the second and third quarters of
2007. A portion of these accounts underlying our lower-tier credit card
offerings was significantly delinquent at the end of the fourth quarter of 2007,
and many accounts charged off in the first two quarters of 2008. Compounding the
impacts on delinquency rates is the fact that we had significantly reduced new
originations in the fourth quarter of 2007 and thereafter and as such did not
receive any benefit of adding new current (i.e., non-delinquent) receivables,
which would serve to suppress delinquency rates somewhat (“denominator effect”).
A modest offset to the so-called denominator effect in recent quarters, however,
is the relative maturity of all of our credit card receivables portfolios. Given
our significantly reduced marketing and origination activities, most of our
credit card accounts have now passed through peak delinquency and charge-off
stages of their vintage cycles.
Notwithstanding
the above and the general observation that our delinquencies and charge offs are
lower in more mature portfolios that have passed through their peak delinquency
and charge-off stages, we took significant account actions that caused a rise in
delinquencies in the fourth quarter of 2008 and in the first quarter of
2009—namely significant credit line reductions and account closures. We know
from our experience with purchasing credit card portfolios from others that when
we reduce credit lines and close accounts, we cause an acceleration of
delinquencies and charge offs for those cardholders, many of whom ultimately
would have charged off after a longer period of account utilization. We do not
believe, however, that credit line reductions and account closures cause
good-performing cardholders to charge off at significantly higher levels. This
is to say that we believe credit line reductions and account closures cause an
accelerating shift forward in our credit card charge-off curves, rather than
causing a lift in these curves.
We do
note, however, that our fall 2008 credit line reductions and account closures
certainly did not account for all of the increase in delinquencies at December
31, 2008 and the further trending year over year increases in quarter-end
delinquencies throughout 2009. We saw a significant downward shift in payments
rates generally beginning in November 2008, and our delinquency statistics
reflect this and the effects of continued economic weakness and increasing
unemployment rates on the ability of our cardholders to make their required
minimum payments. Higher delinquencies at December 31, 2008 and March 31, 2009
translated into higher charge-off rates in the first two quarters of 2009. Now
that the largest wave of account reduction and account closure-related charge
offs has cycled through, we expect to begin to see the lower delinquency and
charge-off benefits of our more mature portfolios as is evidenced by our
declining delinquency rates as of September 30, 2009. However, with growing
unemployment levels and continuing economic weakness in both of our U.S. and
U.K. credit card receivables markets, we note that while delinquencies have
declined throughout 2009, they are running higher than prior year quarter-end
delinquency rates. We have seen further deterioration
throughout 2009 in payment rates and higher delinquencies and charge offs—even
for our generally better performing cardholders who remain with us after credit
line reduction and account closure actions.
Lastly,
given the heightened risks that securitization facilities within our upper and
lower-tier originated portfolio master trusts will enter early amortization, the
effect of which would be to reduce the cash flows we receive from the
securitization trusts, it is conceivable that we may experience further
deterioration in payment rates and higher delinquencies and charge offs; the
liquidity challenges associated with such reduced cash inflows to us may cause
us to have to reduce our servicing personnel and costs, thereby reducing the
effectiveness of our collection efforts.
Charge
offs. We generally charge off credit card receivables when they become
contractually 180 days past due or within thirty days of notification
and confirmation of a customer’s bankruptcy or death. However, if a cardholder
makes a payment greater than or equal to two minimum payments within a month of
the charge-off date, we may reconsider whether charge-off status remains
appropriate. Additionally, in some cases of death, receivables are not charged
off if, with respect to the deceased customer’s account, there is a surviving,
contractually liable individual or an estate large enough to pay the debt in
full.
Our
lower-tier credit card offerings have higher charge offs relative to their
average managed receivables balances, than do our other portfolios. The growth
in these receivables throughout 2007 changed the mix of our receivables by
weighting the lower-tier credit card portfolio more heavily than in prior years.
Based on this mix change, we generally would expect our charge-off ratios to
increase during periods of disproportionate growth in our lower-tier credit card
receivables. We saw this mix change effect given our record lower-tier credit
card originations through the third quarter of 2007, which adversely impacted
our combined gross charge-off ratio and our net charge-off ratio through the
second quarter of 2008. All things being equal, we would expect reduced
charge-off ratios in future quarters due to a mix change in the other direction
whereby recent disproportionate charge-off levels for our lower-tier credit card
portfolios relative to those of our other credit card receivables have caused a
decline in lower-tier credit card receivables as a percentage of our aggregate
managed credit card receivables. As previously mentioned, however, recent credit
line reduction and account closure actions and the effects of continued economic
weakness and increasing unemployment rates have resulted in higher quarterly
charge offs in 2009 than in comparable 2008 quarters; these higher year over
year quarterly charge-off levels are expected to continue for at least the next
two quarters.
Combined gross
charge-off ratio. Our combined gross charge-off ratio was significantly
elevated in the first two quarters of 2008 due primarily to marketing
volume-based fluctuations caused by greater volumes of our lower-tier credit
card accounts originated in prior quarters that reached their peak charge-off
levels in those quarters. Because we had incurred the peak charge offs in the
first two quarters of 2008 associated with our record lower-tier credit card
account originations of the second and third quarters of 2007, the third and
fourth quarter 2008 combined gross charge-off ratios dropped dramatically from
the first half of 2008 to below the average combined gross charge-off ratio we
experienced in 2007. The increase in combined gross charge-off levels
experienced in thus far in 2009 is largely attributable to (1) credit line
reduction and account closure actions undertaken in the fall of 2008, which have
resulted in an acceleration of charge offs, and (2) the significantly adverse
effects of continued economic weakness and increasing unemployment rates. We did
experience a modest drop in our combined gross charge-off ratio in the third
quarter of 2009, and we expect a further modest drop in this ratio in the fourth
quarter of 2009.
Net charge-off
ratio. The
net charge-off ratio measures principal charge offs, net of recoveries.
Variations in the rates of growth or decline in the net charge-off ratio
relative to those of our combined gross charge-off ratio can be caused by (1)
the relative percentage of our charge offs within our lower-tier credit card
portfolio (for which fee charge offs relative to principal charge offs are much
greater than our with our other originated and purchased portfolios), and (2)
the relative volumes of principal versus fee credits provided to customers
associated with settlement programs and payment incentive programs—such credits
being treated as charge offs in our various managed receivables statistics. For
example, the net charge-off ratio increased at a greater rate than the gross
charge-off ratio in the second quarter of 2008 because peak vintage charge offs
of our lower-tier credit card receivables before that quarter reversed prior
experienced trending changes in mix toward a greater percentage of our portfolio
being comprised of relatively low principal balance lower-tier credit card
receivables.
Adjusted
charge-off ratio. This ratio reflects our
net charge offs, less credit quality discount accretion with respect to our
acquired portfolios. Therefore, its trend line should follow that of our net
charge-off ratio, adjusted for the diminishing impact of past portfolio
acquisitions and for the additional impact of new portfolio acquisitions.
Because our most recent portfolio acquisition was our second quarter 2007 U.K.
Portfolio acquisition, we expect the gap between the net charge-off ratio and
the adjusted charge-off ratio to continue to decline absent the purchase of
another portfolio at a discount to the face amount of its
receivables.
Total yield ratio
and gross yield ratio. As noted previously, the mix
of our managed receivables generally shifted throughout 2007 toward those
receivables of our lower-tier credit card offerings. These receivables have
higher delinquency rates and late and over-limit assessments than do our other
portfolios, and thus have higher total yield and gross yield ratios as well.
Accordingly, we generally would expect these ratios to increase with
disproportionate growth in and to decrease with disproportionate reductions in
our lower-tier credit card receivables. As such, the generally trending decline
in our total yield and gross yield ratios since the fourth quarter of 2007 is
consistent with disproportionate reductions in our lower-tier credit card
receivables over this period.
Our total
and gross yield ratios have also been adversely affected over the past several
quarters by our second quarter 2007 acquisition of our U.K. Portfolio. Its total
and gross yields are below average as compared to our other portfolios, and the
rate of decline in this portfolio has lagged behind the rate of decline in our
other portfolios’ receivables, thus continuing to suppress our yield
ratios.
Our
generally lower trending total and gross yield ratios also bear the effects of
late 2007 changes we made to our billing practices in keeping with our goals of
ensuring that our practices continue to be among the most consumer-friendly
practices in the credit card industry and to address evolving negative
amortization industry guidance. As an example of these changes,
in
November 2007, we began to reverse fees and finance charges on the accounts of
cardholders who made their contractual payments to us so that those accounts
would not be in negative amortization. These changes reduced our gross yield
ratio in the fourth quarter of 2007, and because only two months of the effects
of these changes are reflected in the fourth quarter, they had a greater impact
throughout 2008.
Significant
generally trending declines in our total yield and gross yield ratios are noted
throughout 2008 and 2009 related to the relative delinquency status of our
credit card receivables. We note that we do not bill finance charges and fees on
accounts ninety or more days delinquent. We include these accounts in our
average managed receivables, but generate no yield from them, and our total and
gross yield ratios decline as a result.
Favorably
affecting our fourth quarter 2008 total and gross yield ratios were changes to
terms and re-pricings for many of our credit card accounts to reflect the higher
risks and costs we face in the current economic climate. In fact, these ratios
suffered somewhat in 2008 prior to these changes to terms and re-pricings as we
were effectively prohibited against making such changes by one of our issuing
bank partners—a matter that currently is subject to our claims against this
issuing bank partner in litigation. While our recent changes to terms and
re-pricings are expected to help with our economics going forward, they were not
adequate enough to offset the adverse 2009 effects on our total and gross yield
ratios of the significantly greater late stage delinquencies (for which we do
not bill finance charges or fees) that correspond with our credit line reduction
and account closure actions and with the significantly adverse effects of
continued economic weakness and increasing unemployment rates as discussed
above.
Finally,
the significant level of recent lower-tier credit card account closures and the
significantly higher pace at which lower-tier credit card receivables have
charged off relative to other managed receivables have both negatively impacted
the first and second quarter of 2009 total yield and gross yield ratio
calculations. Annual fee billings, which are much greater on lower-tier credit
card accounts than for other accounts, have diminished substantially within the
total yield calculation, and late fees on lower-tier credit card accounts (which
are typically much higher on a percentage-of-receivables-basis than for other
accounts) are much less of an input into our total yield and gross yield ratio
calculations as the mix of our receivables has shifted away from lower-tier
credit card accounts towards our other more traditional accounts. Because we do
not anticipate marketing any new lower-tier credit card accounts for the
foreseeable future, we anticipate that our total yield and gross yield ratios
will not return to those levels historically experienced for the foreseeable
future.
Notwithstanding
the above factors causing trending declines in our total and gross yield ratios,
the total yield ratio is skewed higher in the 3rd
quarter of 2009, the 4th
quarter of 2008, and the 2nd
quarter of 2008 due to gains associated with debt repurchases in those quarters
as detailed and quantified in the discussion of our other income ratio
below.
Net interest
margin. Because
of the significance of the late fees charged on our lower-tier credit card
receivables as a percentage of outstanding receivables balances, we generally
would expect our net interest margin to increase as our lower-tier credit card
receivables become a larger percentage and to decrease as they become a smaller
percentage of our overall managed receivables. Principally by reason of peak
lower-tier credit card receivables charge-off vintage levels in the first and
second quarters of 2008, we have experienced reductions in our lower-tier credit
card receivables levels as a percentage of our managed credit card receivables
over the past several quarters. Accordingly, this is the principal factor that
has contributed to the continued general declining trend in our net interest
margins relative to the level in the fourth quarter of 2007 in the above table
and quarters prior to that.
Our net
interest margin is also affected by the effects of our acquired U.K. Portfolio
in the second quarter of 2007. The net interest margin for this portfolio is
below the weighted average rate of our other portfolios, and the impact of this
portfolio continues to be felt as our originated portfolios continue to decline
at a faster pace than our acquired U.K. Portfolio, thus increasing the impact of
this portfolio’s lower net interest margin on the overall results.
Our net
interest margins in the first and second quarters of 2008 were depressed due to
changes within our lower-tier credit card receivables portfolio. This portfolio
generated lower finance charge and late fee billings in the first two quarters
of 2008 due to the significant portion of the accounts within that portfolio
that were in late stages of delinquency—stages for which we do not bill finance
charges or late fees. Further, many accounts within that portfolio reached peak
charge-off vintage levels and charged off during those quarters, resulting in
higher finance charge and late fee charge offs netting against yields in the
determination of our net interest margin for the quarters. Because large volumes
of second and third quarter of 2007 lower-tier credit card receivables had
rolled through their peak charge-off vintage levels by the end of the second
quarter of 2008, the net interest margin increased for the third quarter of
2008. It declined in the fourth quarter of 2008, however, because of continued
reductions in our lower-tier credit card receivables as a percentage of our
total managed receivables and because of a heightened level of negative
amortization-related credits issued in that quarter. Given our credit line
reduction and account closure actions undertaken in the fall of 2008, we
experienced further declines in our net interest margin for the first quarter of
2009 as reduced finance and late fee billings, coupled
with an
acceleration of charge offs contributed to depress our net interest margin to
historic lows. These effects were exacerbated by significant finance charge and
fee credits issued in the first quarter of 2009 under incentive programs aimed
at increasing payment rates. We experienced improvements in our second and third
quarter of 2009 net interest margins, however, because relative to our first
quarter of 2009 incentive payment programs, our second and third quarter of 2009
incentive program credits were weighted more toward principal credits (which is
consistent with the increase in the second and third quarter of 2009 net
charge-off ratios) than toward finance charge and late fee credits. For the
foreseeable future, we expect our net interest margin to fall within a range
either slightly above or slightly below that experienced in the second quarter
of 2009.
Other income
ratio. We
generally expect our other income ratio to increase as our lower-tier
receivables become a larger percentage and to decrease as our lower-tier
receivables become a smaller percentage of our overall managed receivables.
These receivables generate significantly higher annual membership, over-limit,
monthly maintenance and other fees than do our other portfolios.
In
the first and second quarters of 2008, we experienced significant declines in
our other income ratio due primarily to higher charge offs in those quarters
resulting from the marketing volume-based volatility in our lower-tier credit
card receivables portfolios and from seasonal increases in charge offs that were
amplified somewhat by economic pressures felt by our cardholders. Our
aforementioned negative amortization-related finance charge and fee reversal
changes to our billing practices also negatively impacted our other income ratio
in these quarters and in the third and fourth quarters of 2008.
In the
first two quarters of 2008, our lower-tier credit card receivables’ fee charge
offs within the other income ratio exceeded the fee income from these
receivables, resulting in a negative other income ratio for this portfolio. The
same lower-tier credit card receivables-related factors mentioned in our
discussion of our first and second quarter 2008 net interest margins are at play
in the determination of our first and second quarter 2008 other income
ratios—such factors including the effects of significantly higher late
stage delinquency levels for which we do not bill over-limit and other fees and
the large proportion of lower-tier credit card accounts that reached peak
charge-off vintage levels and charged off during the quarters, resulting in
higher fee charge offs netting against billed fees in the determination of our
other income ratio. The second quarter 2008 other income ratio remained flat
relative to the first quarter of 2008 primarily due to a $13.7 million gain on
the repurchase of our convertible senior notes; excluding this gain, the ratio
declined to -2.5%, consistent with the trend from the first quarter of 2008.
Repurchases of our convertible senior notes also served to positively impact our
other income ratio in the fourth quarter of 2008. As computed without regard to
a $47.9 million gain related to these fourth quarter repurchases, our other
income ratio would have been 3.2%, lower than the 7.7% experienced in the third
quarter primarily due to the effects of account closure actions and annual and
other fee reversals associated therewith, heightened levels of negative
amortization-related fee reversals, and credits provided within our originated
portfolios under collection programs aimed at stimulating cardholder payments.
Our credit line reduction and account closure actions undertaken in the fall of
2008 also served to depress our other income ratio in the first and second
quarters of 2009 as our lower-tier credit card receivables’ fee charge offs
within the other income ratio exceeded the fee income from these receivables.
These actions, coupled with the aforementioned fee credits issued in the first
and second quarters of 2009 under incentive programs aimed at increasing payment
rates, resulted in a negative other income ratio in the first and second
quarters of 2009. Moreover, but for our recognition of a $114.0 million gain on
our purchase and subsequent cancellation of notes issued by our originated
portfolio master trust recognized in the third quarter of 2009, the same actions
and fee credits would have resulted in a -1.1% other income ratio in the third
quarter of 2009. Absent any potential gains associated with future debt
repurchases, we expect continued weakness in our other income ratio for the
foreseeable future.
Operating
ratio. We
experienced generally trending reductions in our operating ratio through the end
of 2008 as our receivables mix shifted from lower-tier credit card receivables
comprising a larger percentage of our managed receivables to lower-tier credit
card receivables comprising a smaller percentage of our managed receivables. Our
lower-tier credit card receivables are comprised of accounts with smaller
receivables balances than those accounts underlying our upper-tier originated
portfolio master trust and acquired portfolios. Smaller receivable balance
accounts require many more customer service interactions per average dollar of
outstanding balance (relative to our upper-tier originated portfolio and
acquired portfolios), and hence result in higher costs as a percentage of
average managed receivables than we historically have experienced with our
upper-tier originated portfolio master trust and acquired portfolios’
receivables.
Our
decline in account origination levels over the past several quarters also has
favorably influenced our quarterly operating ratio computations; as our
originated accounts mature, the level of interactions with the customer
declines, contributing to lower overall operating ratios.
The
fourth quarter of 2007 operating ratio is elevated due to our $6.0 million
charitable contribution in that quarter in addition to our incurrence of higher
legal and related costs associated with now-settled FDIC and FTC investigations.
In the first, second and third quarters of 2008, we had lower operating
expenses, primarily due to our slow-down in originations (customer interactions
and
related costs are higher in the first few months after card activation than they
are for more mature credit card accounts as noted above) and to the specific
expense reduction initiatives we undertook in the latter half of 2007 in
response to the tightened liquidity markets. But for a $5.5 million impairment
charge in the second quarter of 2008 associated with a sublease of 183,461
square feet of office space at our corporate headquarters, we would have
experienced a slight reduction in our second quarter 2008 operating ratio
relative to its first quarter 2008 level. The operating ratio in the third
quarter of 2008 was further reduced below that of the second quarter (as
adjusted for the lease impairment charge mentioned above) primarily due to our
continued expense reduction efforts. While expense reductions continued into the
fourth quarter of 2008 and in the first, second and third quarters of 2009, our
managed receivables levels are dropping at faster rates than the rates at which
we have been able thus far to reduce our costs (particular when considering our
fixed infrastructure costs). As such, we experienced a trending increase in our
operating ratio in the first, second and third quarters of 2009. Unless and
until we are able to reduce fixed infrastructure costs to be more in line with
our contracting managed receivables levels, we will experience continuing upward
pressure on our operating ratio.
Investments
in Previously Charged-Off Receivables Segment
The
following table shows a roll-forward of our investments in previously
charged-off receivables activities (in thousands of dollars):
For the Three Months
Ended
September 30, 2009
|
For the Nine Months
Ended
September 30, 2009
|
|||||||
Unrecovered
balance at beginning of period
|
$ | 59,271 | $ | 47,676 | ||||
Acquisitions
of defaulted accounts
|
8,776 | 40,427 | ||||||
Cash
collections
|
(54,668 | ) | (82,889 | ) | ||||
Cost-recovery
method income recognized on defaulted accounts (included within fees and
related income on non-securitized earning assets on our consolidated
statements of operations) (1)
|
16,475 | 24,640 | ||||||
Unrecovered
balance at end of period
|
$ | 29,854 | $ | 29,854 | ||||
Estimated
remaining collections (“ERC”)
|
$ | 86,946 | $ | 86,946 |
(1)
Amount includes $21.2 million in accretion associated with the culmination of
the Encore forward flow agreement.
Previously
charged-off receivables held as of September 30, 2009 are principally comprised
of normal delinquency charged-off accounts purchased from the securitization
trusts that we service, accounts associated with Chapter 13 Bankruptcies and
accounts acquired through this segment’s balance transfer program prior to such
time as credit cards are issued relating to the program’s underlying
accounts.
We
generally estimate the life of each pool of charged-off receivables that we
typically acquire to be between twenty-four and thirty-six months for normal
delinquency charged-off accounts (including balance transfer program accounts)
and approximately sixty months for Chapter 13 Bankruptcies. We anticipate
collecting 37.7% of the ERC of the existing accounts over the next twelve
months, with the balance to be collected thereafter. Our acquisition of
charged-off accounts through our balance transfer program results in receivables
with a higher than typical expected collectible balance. At times when the
composition of our defaulted accounts includes more of this type of receivable,
the resulting estimated remaining collectible portion per dollar invested is
expected to increase. We saw this trend until our now-settled dispute with
Encore arose in 2008 (see discussion below); that dispute caused a mix change
toward our having to hold significant investments in normal delinquency
charged-off accounts purchased from the securitization trusts that we
service—investments which prior to the dispute were purchased and sold
contemporaneously under the Encore forward flow contract. Compounding this trend
reversal was the fact that our Investments in Previously Charged-Off Receivables
segment’s balance transfer program had experienced lower overall placement
volumes primarily due to Encore’s decision to discontinue balance transfer
program placements to us during the term of the now-settled Encore
dispute.
With
settlement of the Encore dispute and its commitment under the settlement terms
to resume placements of balance transfer program volumes to us, we expect
improving trends and results associated with the balance transfer program within
our Investments in Previously Charged-Off Receivables segment. Beyond the
committed Encore placement volumes under the program, we also believe that the
current economic environment could lead to increased opportunities for growth in
the balance transfer program as consumers with less access to credit create
additional demand and can lead to increased placements from third
parties. We also note that we began exploring a balance transfer
program in the U.K. in the second quarter of 2008; this program has generated
modest revenues thus far in 2009 and is not expected to grow rapidly for the
foreseeable future.
Most of our
Investments in Previously Charged-Off Receivables segment’s acquisitions of
normal delinquency charge offs recently have been comprised of previously
charged-off receivables from the securitization trusts that we service. Until a
dispute arose with Encore in 2008, the segment had, almost simultaneously with
each of its purchases from these securitization trusts, sold these charge offs
for a fixed sales price under its five-year forward flow contract with Encore
rather than retained them on its balance sheet. With these essentially
simultaneous pass-through transactions, the segment had not previously
experienced any substantial mismatch between the timing of its collections
expenses and the production of revenues under its cost recovery method of
accounting. This changed in the third quarter of 2008, however, as a result of
Encore’s refusal to purchase receivables under the forward flow contract. During
the term of this now-settled dispute, our Investment in Previously Charged-Off
receivables segment retained its purchased charge offs on its balance sheet and
undertook collection activities to maximize its return on these purchases. The
retention of these receivables caused significant reductions in its earnings
given the mismatching of cost recovery method collection expenses with their
associated revenues (i.e., as collection expenses were incurred up front, while
revenue recognition was delayed until complete recovery of each respective
acquired portfolio’s investment).
Our third
quarter 2009 settlement with Encore, allowed our Investments in Previously
Charged-Off Receivables segment to dispose of volumes of previously charged off
receivables that had built up on its balance sheet during the term of the Encore
dispute. Under the settlement, Encore agreed to pay a negotiated price for these
previously charged off receivables, and its and our obligations to one another
for any potential futures sales of previously charged off receivables to them
under the forward flow contract were extinguished. The settlement resulted in
the recognition of the remaining $21.2 million in deferred revenue in the third
quarter of 2009 and a corresponding release of $8.7 million in restricted cash;
inclusive of all liabilities extinguished and amounts received and paid in
connection with our settlement with Encore, the settlement resulted in a net
pre-tax gain of $11.0 million which is reflected within our Investments in
Previously Charged-Off Receivables segment’s results for the three and nine
months ended September 30, 2009.
With the
Encore settlement now behind us, we do not expect our Investments in Previously
Charged-Off Receivables segment to return immediately to pre-dispute
profitability levels. Encore will no longer be purchasing the portfolios of
previously charged-off receivables that this segment purchases from the
securitization trusts that we service. As such, the segment will
likely hold such previously charged-off receivables on its balance sheet and
collect on them—thereby giving rise to the aforementioned cost-recovery-induced
expense and revenue timing mismatches. Additionally, even if our Investments in
Previously Charged-Off Receivables segment were to identify a buyer for its
holdings of these previously charged-off receivables, it is likely that such a
buyer would pay significantly less than Encore did. Under its fixed-price
commitment, Encore was paying a price that was reflective of the high valuations
being place on charged-off paper in the market generally in 2005, rather than in
today’s environment in which the relative supply of charged-off paper is
greater. Moreover, the volumes of previously charged off receivables coming out
of the securitizations trusts that we service will fall significantly from the
volumes that our Investments in Previously Charged-Off Receivables segment
purchased prior to the beginning of the Encore dispute.
Notwithstanding
the above-discussed factors surrounding our Investments in Previously
Charged-Off Receivables segment’s purchases of previously charged-off
receivables from the securitization trusts that we service, an increase in the
availability of third-party charged-off paper has created several opportunities
for us since the fourth quarter of 2008. We have been able to complete several
large purchases of charged-off portfolios from third parties at attractive
pricing. The increasing supply of charged-off paper also is likely to
result in further opportunities to acquire third-party charged-off receivables
portfolios at prices under which we can generate significant returns, and
subject to liquidity constraints, we expect to increase our purchases of charged
off portfolios from third parties in the coming year.
Over the
past year or so, our Investments in Previously Charged-Off Receivables segment
has seen an improved environment for the purchase of Chapter 13 Bankruptcies. It
recently obtained financing for these purchases as well as for normal
delinquency portfolios. The pricing of Chapter 13 Bankruptcies has
been attractive enough to allow for our purchase of several sizable portfolios
of this type that are expected to produce attractive returns for us. With our
current credit facility available for Chapter 13 Bankruptcy and normal
delinquency purchases, we expect to expand our purchasing activity over the
coming months.
Retail
Micro-Loans Segment
The
Retail Micro-Loans segment consists of a network of storefront locations that,
depending on the location, provide some or all of the following products or
services: (1) small-denomination, short-term, unsecured cash
advances that are typically due on the customer’s next payday;
(2) installment loan and other credit products; and (3) money transfer
and other financial services. The assets associated with our retail micro-loan
operations were principally acquired during 2004 and early 2005. As of September
30, 2009, our Retail Micro-Loans segment subsidiaries operated 316 storefront
locations.
After
evaluating the operations of our Retail Micro-Loans segment on a state-by-state
basis, it became evident during 2007 that the potential risk-adjusted returns
expected in certain states did not justify the ongoing required investment in
the operations of those states. As a result, during the fourth quarter of 2007,
we decided to pursue a sale of our Retail Micro-Loans segment’s operations in
six states: Florida; Oklahoma; Colorado; Arizona; Louisiana; and
Michigan. Through a series of staged closings with a single buyer, the first of
which was completed July 31, 2008, we completed the sale of operations in
three states (Florida, Louisiana, and Arizona) in the third quarter of 2008. By
September 30, 2008, we had closed all remaining storefronts in Michigan and our
unprofitable storefronts in Colorado and Oklahoma. For a limited number of
profitable storefronts in Colorado and Oklahoma, however, we elected to continue
operations, and we removed these storefronts from discontinued operations in our
consolidated statements of operations for all periods presented. Our various
discontinued operations within these six states were classified as assets held
for sale on our September 30, 2008 condensed consolidated balance sheets and are
included in the discontinued operations category in our condensed consolidated
statements of operations for all periods presented.
Additionally,
during the first quarter of 2008, after reevaluating the capital required for
sustaining start-up losses associated with our eighty-one store locations in
Texas, we decided to pursue a sale of our Texas store locations—a sale that was
completed in April 2008. We have included our Texas results in the discontinued
operations category in our condensed consolidated statements of operations for
all periods presented.
During
the three months ended September 30, 2009, we closed one location, bringing our
total number of closed locations for the nine months ended September 30, 2009 to
seven (including all of our locations in the U.K.), and we did not open any new
locations. Excluded from these store closure numbers are twenty-seven locations
in the State of Arkansas that have been classified as discontinued
operations. During the second quarter of 2009, we elected to close
all the remaining locations in Arkansas due to an increasingly negative
regulatory environment. Because of the immateriality of the closed
locations (outside of Arkansas) and the routine nature of these store closure
decisions, we have not evaluated the need to segregate the seven locations
closed in the first three quarters of 2009 as discontinued operations. We are
not planning to expand the current number of locations in any new or existing
markets; instead, we likely will continue to look at closing individual
locations that do not meet our profitability thresholds. In addition, we will
continue to evaluate our risk-adjusted returns in the states comprising the
continuing operations of our Retail Micro-Loans segment.
Financial,
operating and statistical metrics for our Retail Micro-Loans segment are
detailed (dollars in thousands) in the following tables.
For the Nine
Months
Ended
September 30,
|
||||||||
2009
|
2008
|
|||||||
Beginning
number of locations (excluding locations discontinued and held for
sale)
|
350 | 410 | ||||||
Locations
reclassified from discontinued operations
|
— | 31 | ||||||
Closed
locations
|
(7 | ) | (6 | ) | ||||
Locations
classified as discontinued operations (1)
|
(27 | ) | — | |||||
Locations
held for sale (2)
|
— | (81 | ) | |||||
Ending
continuing locations
|
316 | 354 |
(1)
|
Reflect
stores located in the State of
Arkansas.
|
(2)
|
Thirty-one
of the stores listed as locations held for sale were later reclassified
back into continuing operations.
|
For the Three Months
Ended
September 30,
|
For the Nine Months
Ended
September 30,
|
|||||||||||||||
2009
|
2008
|
2009
|
2008
|
|||||||||||||
Gross
retail micro-loans fees (from continuing operations)
|
$ | 19,393 | $ | 16,177 | $ | 52,635 | $ | 51,384 | ||||||||
(Loss)
income from continuing operations before income taxes
|
$ | 4,369 | $ | 9 | $ | (13,258 | ) | $ | 6,417 | |||||||
Loss
from discontinued operations before income taxes
|
$ | — | $ | (1,628 | ) | $ | (6,599 | ) | $ | (7,855 | ) | |||||
Period-end
loans and fees receivable, gross
|
$ | 37,350 | $ | 35,858 | $ | 37,350 | $ | 35,858 |
But for a
$20.0 million goodwill impairment charge associated with continuing operations
taken in the second quarter of 2009, we would have generated $6.7 million in
income from continuing operations before income taxes within the Retail
Micro-Loans segment during the nine months ended September 30, 2009. Based on
these results, trending growth in revenues that we have been experiencing for
our continuing operations over the past several months, the positive effects of
our recent underwriting changes in reducing our charge-off levels, and the fact
that our results for the three and nine months ended
September
30, 2009 included $2.0 million of operational and closing costs associated with
our now-closed U.K. storefronts, we believe that we will continue to have
profits at growing levels within this segment during the fourth quarter of this
year and into 2010.
The
above-disclosed losses from discontinued operations reflect: (1)
second quarter 2009 losses (including a goodwill impairment charge of $3.5
million) associated with our Arkansas storefronts that we elected to discontinue
in the second quarter of 2009 due to an increasingly negative regulatory
environment within that state; (2) losses we incurred during the first two
quarters of 2008 within the storefronts that we were holding for sale at
December 31, 2007 and that we sold or closed during the second and third
quarters of 2008; and (3) first quarter 2008 losses (including a goodwill
impairment charge of $1.1 million) associated with our Texas storefronts which
we decided to exit in the first quarter of 2008.
Auto Finance
Segment
Our Auto
Finance segment includes a variety of auto sales and lending
activities.
Our
original platform, CAR, acquired in April 2005, consists of a nationwide network
of pre-qualified auto dealers in the buy-here, pay-here used car business, from
which our Auto Finance segment purchases auto loans at a discount or for which
we service auto loans for a fee.
We also
have a 90% ownership interest in JRAS, a buy-here, pay-here dealer. As of
December 31, 2008, JRAS had twelve retail lots in four states. In the first
quarter of 2009, we undertook steps to close four lots in two states, and we
closed an additional two lots in two states in the second quarter of 2009. The
capital requirements to bring JRAS’s sales for its twelve locations to a level
necessary to completely cover fixed overhead costs and consistently generate
profits were more than we are willing to undertake given the current liquidity
environment. Until credit markets improve, we do not intend to expand JRAS’s
operations.
Lastly,
our San Diego, California-based ACC platform historically has purchased retail
installment contracts from franchised car dealers. From a credit quality
perspective, the ACC borrower base is slightly above the niche historically
served by our Auto Finance segment. We have recently ceased origination efforts
within the ACC platform and are now simply collecting on its portfolio of auto
finance receivables and looking at opportunities for cost savings through the
merger of various ACC and CAR platform processes.
During
the third quarter of 2009, we paid off our CAR debt facility and one of the debt
facilities underlying our ACC originated receivables as we were not able to
reach satisfactory terms to renew or replace these debt facilities. In November
2009, however, we were able to obtain financing against our ACC auto finance
receivables. In connection with this transaction, we repaid a $23.3 million debt
facility secured by certain ACC auto finance receivables, combined those
receivables with other ACC auto finance receivables and pledged these aggregated
receivables against a $103.5 million amortizing debt facility.
Collectively,
we serve 898 dealers through our Auto Finance segment in forty-one states and
the District of Columbia.
Analysis
of Statistical Data
Selected financial, operating and
statistical data (in thousands except for percentages) for our Auto Finance
segment are provided in the following two tables; terms used within these tables
are identical to the terms used within our Credit Cards segment discussion above
(albeit with appropriate substitution of Auto Finance receivables and activities
for the Credit Card receivables and activities described within those
definitions).
At or For the Three Months Ended
|
||||||||||||||||||||
2009
|
2008
|
|||||||||||||||||||
Sep.
30
|
Jun.
30
|
Mar.
31
|
Dec.
31
|
Sep.
30
|
||||||||||||||||
Period-end
managed receivables
|
$ | 283,640 | $ | 307,978 | $ | 327,038 | $ | 349,212 | $ | 372,313 | ||||||||||
Period-end
managed accounts
|
41 | 42 | 43 | 45 | 47 | |||||||||||||||
Receivables
delinquent as % of
period-end
loans:
|
||||||||||||||||||||
Percent
30 or more days past due
|
19.8 | % | 19.3 | % | 18.1 | % | 21.4 | % | 19.5 | % | ||||||||||
Percent
60 or more days past due
|
9.0 | % | 7.8 | % | 8.0 | % | 10.4 | % | 8.9 | % | ||||||||||
Percent
90 or more days past due
|
4.7 | % | 3.7 | % | 4.6 | % | 5.4 | % | 4.4 | % | ||||||||||
Average
managed receivables
|
$ | 296,247 | $ | 318,961 | $ | 338,340 | $ | 361,696 | $ | 378,178 | ||||||||||
Gross
yield ratio
|
24.9 | % | 24.1 | % | 23.7 | % | 24.8 | % | 25.2 | % | ||||||||||
Adjusted
charge-off ratio
|
14.5 | % | 14.9 | % | 12.0 | % | 11.7 | % | 9.5 | % | ||||||||||
Recoveries
as % of average
managed
receivables
|
1.0 | % | 1.4 | % | 1.5 | % | 1.6 | % | 1.3 | % | ||||||||||
Net
interest margin
|
17.7 | % | 16.8 | % | 16.9 | % | 17.5 | % | 19.3 | % | ||||||||||
Other
income ratio
|
5.0 | % | 5.6 | % | 9.7 | % | 6.8 | % | 7.5 | % | ||||||||||
Operating
ratio
|
16.2 | % | 18.3 | % | 18.5 | % | 21.4 | % | 50.2 | % |
Retail
Sales Data At or For the Three Months Ended
|
||||||||||||||||||||
2009
|
2008
|
|||||||||||||||||||
Sep.
30
|
Jun.
30
|
Mar.
31
|
Dec.
31
|
Sep.
30
|
||||||||||||||||
Retail
sales
|
$ | 9,300 | $ | 11,322 | $ | 18,299 | $ | 15,505 | $ | 15,930 | ||||||||||
Gross
profit
|
$ | 4,274 | $ | 5,138 | $ | 8,471 | $ | 7,027 | $ | 7,355 | ||||||||||
Retail
units sold
|
829 | 993 | 1,601 | 1,312 | 1,383 | |||||||||||||||
Average
stores in operation
|
6 | 7 | 10 | 12 | 12 | |||||||||||||||
Period-end
stores in operation
|
6 | 6 | 8 | 12 | 12 |
Managed
receivables. Period end managed receivables have gradually
declined since September 30, 2008 as we have curtailed purchasing and
origination activities to preserve capital. As of September 30, 2009, only CAR
and JRAS continue to purchase/originate loans—albeit at significantly reduced
levels than those experienced in prior periods. While we believe that
purchases within the CAR platform will offset liquidations of previously
existing receivables within that platform, we expect that net liquidations at
ACC will continue to overshadow the CAR additions for the foreseeable
future.
Delinquencies.
September 30, 2009 delinquency rates are modestly above their prior year
levels. While increases in delinquencies are primarily due to
generally worsening economic conditions, given the segment’s improved
underwriting, better use of technology and improved collections, management
believes that this relatively modest degradation in delinquencies is meaningful
when contrasted with a substantially weaker economy and significant
industry-wide delinquency increases.
Gross yield
ratio, net interest margin and other income ratio. We have not
experienced significant volatility in our gross yield ratio and net
interest margin over the past several quarters, although the effects of higher
delinquencies and charge offs have served to depress our net interest margins in
recent quarters and are expected to continue to depress our net interest margins
for the foreseeable future.
The
principal component of our other income ratio is the gross income that our JRAS
buy-here, pay-here operations have generated from their auto sales. As such, the
other income ratio has moved in relative tandem with the volume of quarterly
auto sales as set forth in the above table. The spike in the other income ratio
in the first quarter of 2009 reflects
higher
seasonal purchases of used cars during the tax refund season. Future growth in
our Auto Finance segment’s other income ratio will depend upon relative growth
rates for JRAS versus CAR and ACC, as well as demand for autos within JRAS.
Recent lot closures within JRAS also are expected to diminish its revenues and
activities relative to those of CAR and are expected to put continuing pressure
on the other income ratio.
Adjusted
charge-off ratio and recoveries. We generally charge off auto receivables
when they are between 120 and 180 days past due, unless the collateral is
repossessed and sold before that point, in which case we will record a charge
off when the proceeds are received. The adjusted charge-off ratio in the third
quarter of 2009 was 14.5% compared to 14.9% in the second quarter of 2009 and
9.5% in the third quarter of 2008. The adjusted charge-off ratio reflects our
net charge offs, less credit quality discount accretion with respect to our
acquired portfolios. The increase in the adjusted charge-off ratio, therefore,
reflects (1) the passage of time since our acquisition of the Patelco portfolio
at a significant purchase price discount to the face amount of the acquired
receivables, and (2) the adverse macro-economic effects being seen throughout
the auto finance industry. We believe we are fortunate, however, as our
underwriting and pricing efforts have kept our increases in our charge offs
lower than throughout the industry generally.
Operating ratio.
The large increase in the third quarter 2008 operating ratio resulted
from the CAR and ACC goodwill impairment charges during that quarter. Excluding
goodwill impairment charges, the operating ratio in the third quarter of 2008
would have been 19.4%. Removing the additional $1.7 million of JRAS
goodwill impairment charges during the fourth quarter of 2008 would result in an
operating ratio of 19.5%, consistent with the adjusted rate for the third
quarter. The operating ratio in the Auto Finance segment has continued to
decline in the first, second and quarters of 2009 primarily due to continued
cost-cutting initiatives to better reflect existing portfolio balances primarily
within our CAR operations. We continue to adjust our variable costs to reflect
the decline in our total managed receivables balances, and we expect this trend
to continue until such time as our receivable levels drop at faster rates than
the rates at which we can reduce our costs (particular when considering our
fixed infrastructure costs at the various divisions within this segment). Based
on current attrition rates, we expect for our operating ratio to continue to
fall for the remainder of 2009 after which time fixed costs will likely cause
the ratio to stagnate.
Future
Expectations
Given our
expectation of contractions in our auto finance receivables over the coming
quarters, we should see overall reductions in our allowance for uncollectible
loans and fees receivable under GAAP, offset somewhat by increases in reserve
rates reflecting generally worsening economic conditions. Despite the improved
pricing power that we now possess as a result of the reduction in lending by our
auto finance competitors, which allows us to price all new acquisitions and
originations for higher risks of defaults, we could experience further erosion
in our delinquencies and higher charge offs against earnings. Additionally,
given our decision to close six of JRAS locations during the first nine months
of 2009, we expect unit sales (and gross profit levels) to continue to be below
levels seen in similar periods for the prior year. Considering all of
these factors, we expect our Auto Finance segment to experience further GAAP
losses throughout the balance of 2009. The effects on our Auto Finance segment
results of our decision to minimize the capital we are investing in JRAS (e.g.,
by closing lots as we did during the first nine months of 2009) are profound,
and but for JRAS, we would have experienced GAAP profits thus far in
2009.
Other
Segment
Our Other
segment recently encompassed various operations that were start-up in nature and
did not individually meet separate reportable operating segment disclosure
criteria. The operations of MEM, our U.K.-based, Internet, micro-loans provider,
represent the only significant continuing operations within the Other segment,
and its operations are not yet material to our consolidated results of
operations. Our MEM operations have generated pre-tax profits of $3.2 million
and $11.6 million, respectively, for the three and nine months ended September
30, 2009, and we expect to continue to profitably grow this business at a modest
pace in future quarters. As of September 30, 2009, we had $20.5 million in net
receivables associated with our MEM operations. Similar to our auto finance
operations, we provide an allowance for uncollectible loans and fees receivable
under GAAP on all new extensions of credit. However, notwithstanding anticipated
growing allowances for uncollectible loans and fees receivable, our U.K.-based
on-line micro-loan originations should be profitable enough to overshadow the
effects of allowance growth, thereby allowing our MEM operations to achieve
growing GAAP profits for the next several quarters.
Liquidity,
Funding and Capital Resources
We
continue to see dislocation in the availability of liquidity as a result of the
market disruptions that began in 2007. This ongoing disruption has
resulted in a decline in liquidity available to sub-prime market participants,
including us, a widening of the spreads above the underlying interest indices
(typically LIBOR for our borrowings) for the loans that lenders are willing to
make,
and
a decrease in advance rates for those loans.
Although
we are hopeful that the liquidity markets ultimately will return to more
traditional levels, we are not able to predict when or if that will occur, and
we are managing our business with the assumption that the liquidity markets will
not return to more traditional levels in the near term. Specifically, we
have curtailed or limited growth in many parts of our business and have now
closed substantially all of our credit card accounts (other than those
associated with our Investment in Previously Charged-Off Receivables segment’s
balance transfer program). To the extent possible given constraints thus far on
our ability to reduce expenses at the same rate as our managed receivables are
liquidating, we are managing our receivables portfolios with a goal of
generating the necessary cash flows over the coming quarters for us to use in
de-leveraging our business, while maintaining shareholder value to the greatest
extent possible.
In
September 2009, we were required to repay $81.1 million of notes payable within
our Auto Finance segment as we were not able to reach satisfactory terms to
renew or replace those debt facilities. However, in November 2009, after the
repayment of a $23.3 million Auto Finance segment debt facility, we were
successful in pledging all of our ACC operation’s auto finance receivables in
exchange for a $103.5 million amortizing debt facility, the terms of which do
not require any accelerated or bullet repayment obligation by us. Moreover, all
of our Credit Card segment’s securitization facilities (as well as those of our
Credit Card segment’s equity method investees) are expected to amortize down
with collections on the receivables within their underlying securitization
trusts with no bullet repayment requirements. As such, our only remaining
material asset-backed debt facility that carries bullet repayment risks is a
$28.8 million debt facility maturing January 31, 2010 that is secured by our
JRAS subsidiaries’ auto finance receivables.
Having
noted above that our risks of required bullet pay-off of asset-backed debt or
securitization facilities is substantially diminished, we also note, however,
that, given the prolonged period of weak and worsening payment rates on the
assets underlying our debt and securitization facilities, our incoming cash
flows could soon become significantly diminished as our various securitization
and debt facilities are amortizing—particularly for those facilities that could
soon enter early amortization status and with respect to which we would receive
only servicing compensation that is not sufficient to cover our current overhead
cost infrastructure. Our continuing challenge within our Credit Cards segment in
particular for the fourth quarter of 2009 and into 2010 will be to reduce our
overhead cost infrastructure to match our incoming servicing compensation cash
flows, while preserving the value of our residual interests in our
securitization trusts by not cutting costs too deeply. If we cannot meet this
challenge, the values of our retained interests in our securitized credit card
receivables could be further impaired and such impairments could be material to
our operating results and financial position. Similarly, liquidity
challenges resulting from reduced payment rates and amortizing debt requirements
within our other business lines could cause personnel and cost reduction efforts
that likewise could materially impair the values of assets within our other
business lines.
Our
current efforts to preserve liquidity have resulted in and will continue to
result in short and long-term growth and profitability trade-offs. For example,
as noted throughout this report, we have closed substantially all of our credit
card accounts (other than those underlying our Investment in Previously
Charged-Off Receivables segment’s balance transfer program); consequently, each
of our managed credit card receivables portfolios is expected to show more rapid
net liquidations in balances than we have experienced in the past for the
foreseeable future. Similarly, the lack of available financing for our Auto
Finance segment has caused us to limit capital deployment to this business,
which will cause contraction in its receivables and revenues over the coming
months. Furthermore, in our MEM, U.K.-based, Internet, micro-loan operations,
where we currently are continuing to selectively deploy capital specifically
aimed at growing the business, the levels of capital that we plan to deploy are
expected to allow for only modest growth. More aggressive growth would, over
time, require additional liquidity beyond what is currently available to
us.
At
September 30, 2009, we had $116.0 million in unrestricted cash. Because the
characteristics of our assets and liabilities change, liquidity management is a
dynamic process affected by the pricing and maturity of our assets and
liabilities. We finance our business through cash flows from operations,
asset-backed securitizations and the issuance of debt and equity. Details
concerning our cash flows follow:
·
|
During
the nine months ended September 30, 2009, we generated $379.2 million in
cash flows from operations, compared to $466.5 million of cash flows
from operations generated during the nine months ended September 30, 2008.
The decrease principally reflects: (1) lower collections
of credit card finance charge receivables in 2009 relative to the same
period in 2008 given diminished originations, diminished receivables
levels, the effects on our margins of changes we made in response to past
discussions with regulators and generally lower payment rates across our
credit card portfolios throughout 2009 reflecting the economic stress we
believe many of our customers are experiencing; and (2) the receipt of
$87.4 million in tax refunds during the first quarter of 2008 as
contrasted with no tax refunds
|
|
during
the first nine months of 2009. These impacts were offset somewhat
by: (1) declines in deposits required to be maintained
with our third-party issuing bank partners and retail electronic payment
network providers associated with declining receivables balances in our
portfolio of credit card receivables in the U.K.; (2) growth in 2008
in inventory balances associated with our JRAS subsidiary which have now
leveled off; (3) lower marketing expenses in 2009 than in 2008; and
(4) the $114.0 million securitization gain recognized in the three months
ended September 30, 2009.
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·
|
During
the nine months ended September 30, 2009, we used $210.0 million of
cash in investing activities, compared to using $436.6 million of cash in
investing activities in the nine months ended September 30, 2008. This
decrease reflects the fact that we had significantly lower net investments
in our securitized and non-securitized earning assets in 2009 relative to
2008. This is consistent with liquidations of our originated purchased
portfolios, account closure account actions taken by us to preserve
capital and the fact that we have experienced no meaningful originations
in 2009 for which we had to fund new purchases. We expect further declines
in net cash used in investing activities as we currently do not anticipate
any material originations of new credit card accounts or substantial
growth in our other business lines or significant purchases of new
equipment, thus reducing the amount of cash used to fund such investments.
These decreases were offset slightly by our buy-out of all other members
of our longest standing equity-method
investee.
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·
|
During
the nine months ended September 30, 2009, our financing activities used
$144.8 million of cash, compared to using $46.4 million of cash in
the nine months ended September 30, 2008. The increase primarily reflects
decreased draws and net pay-downs on outstanding debt facilities,
primarily associated with our (1) ACC operations as we continue to
experience net declines in receivables within those operations and were
required to pay off the most significant debt facility within these
operations in September 2009 and (2) CAR operations as we were required to
pay off the debt facility underling its operations in September
2009.
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We had no
material unused draw capacity under our debt and securitization facilities as of
the end of the third quarter 2009. As such, our $116.0 million of unrestricted
cash on our condensed consolidated balance sheet represents our maximum
available liquidity at September 30, 2009. Subsequent to September 30, 2009,
however, we derived additional liquidity from our ACC debt financing arrangement
discussed throughout this Report, and a tax law change was enacted that could
allow us to obtain tax refunds through the carry-back of certain net operating
losses that we have incurred. While we have not yet finalized our computations
of the refunds that could result under the new tax legislation and while the
timing of our receipt of the refunds is not yet known, we believe that our
ultimate maximum refund potential may be as much as approximately $50 million.
We also continue to aggressively pursue a number of new financing facilities and
liquidity sources, including, replacements for our CAR Auto Finance segment debt
facility, which we were required to repay in September 2009. If such financing
facilities and liquidity sources are ultimately available to us at attractive
pricing and terms, they could support investment opportunities to include
repurchases of our convertible senior securities and stock, portfolio
acquisitions, and marketing and originations within our various businesses.
However, the liquidity environment worsened significantly in 2008 and continues
to be particularly challenging in general and more specifically for sub-prime
asset classes such as ours. Moreover, the $116.0 million in aggregate September
30, 2009 unrestricted cash mentioned herein is represented by summing up all
unrestricted cash from among and within all of our business segments, and the
liquidity available to any one of our business segments is appreciably below the
$116.0 million in unrestricted cash balance.
The
current global financial crisis differs in key respects from our experiences
during other down economic and financing cycles. First, while we had difficulty
obtaining asset-backed securitization financing for our originated portfolio
activities at attractive advance rates in the last down cycle, the credit
spreads (above base pricing indices like LIBOR) at that time were not as wide
(expensive) as they are currently. Additionally, while we were successful during
that down cycle in obtaining asset-backed securitization financing for portfolio
acquisitions at attractive advance rates, pricing and other terms, that
financing is currently not available from traditional market participants. Last
and most significant is the adverse impact that the current global liquidity
crisis is having on the U.S. and worldwide economies (including real estate and
other asset values and the labor markets). Unemployment is significantly higher
than during 2001 through 2003 and is forecasted by many economists to further
increase. Lower assets values and higher rates of job loss and levels of
unemployment have translated into reduced payment rates within the credit card
industry generally and for us specifically.
Beyond
our immediate financing efforts discussed throughout this Report, shareholders
should expect us to evaluate debt and equity issuances as a means to fund our
investment opportunities. We expect to take advantage of any opportunities to
raise additional capital if terms and pricing are attractive to us. Any proceeds
raised under these efforts could be used to fund both (1) further repurchases of
our convertible senior securities and stock, which at current prices we believe
provide returns that on a risk-adjusted basis are far superior to our potential
returns from organic growth in the current environment, and (2) potential
portfolio acquisitions, which may represent attractive opportunities for us in
the current liquidity environment.
As of September 30, 2009, we are authorized to repurchase 10,000,000 common
shares under our share repurchase program that our board of directors authorized
in May 2008, and this authorization extends through June 30, 2010.
Additionally,
given our current liquidity position and future liquidity prospects as noted
elsewhere throughout this Report, we may need to rely on debt or equity
issuances or possible exchange offerings, none of which are assured, in order to
meet our May 2012 obligation to satisfy, in cash payments, conversions of our
May 2005 convertible senior notes, of which $231.5 million in face amount are
outstanding.
Securitization
Facilities
Our most
significant source of liquidity is the securitization of our credit card
receivables. The weighted-average borrowing rate on our securitization
facilities was 2.5% at September 30, 2009, and the maturity terms of our
securitizations vary. In the table below, we have noted the securitization
facilities (in millions) with respect to which substantially all of our managed
credit card receivables serve as collateral as of September 30, 2009. Following
the table are further details concerning each of the facilities.
Maturity
date
|
Facility Limit(1)
|
|||
December 2009(2)
|
$ | 12.5 | ||
January 2010(3)
|
750.0 | |||
October
2010(4)
|
117.9 | |||
January 2014(5)
|
38.3 | |||
September 2014(6)
|
9.1 | |||
April
2014(7)
|
276.2 | |||
Total
|
$ | 1,204.0 |
(1)
|
Excludes
securitization facilities related to receivables managed by our
equity-method investees because such receivables and their related
securitization facilities are appropriately excluded from direct
presentation in our consolidated statements of operations or consolidated
balance sheet items included herein.
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(2)
|
Represents
the anticipated final scheduled monthly payment date for a $300.0 million
facility issued out of our lower-tier originated portfolio master trust;
through September 30, 2009, amortization payments aggregating $287.5
million had been made against the outstanding balance of this
facility. Subsequent to the end of the third quarter, this
facility was fully paid.
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(3)
|
Upon expiration of this two-year
variable funding note facility issued out of our upper-tier originated
portfolio master trust, the facility provides for continued funding of all
cardholder purchases on all accounts in existence upon expiration of the
facility with any residual cash flows (i.e., cash collected from
cardholders, less purchases, servicing costs and debt service costs) to be
applied toward amortizing repayment of the investor. Should this facility
enter into early amortization before expiration, however, the terms
of the facility would not allow for the funding of purchases; however, the
facility would follow the same general repayment sequence as
mentioned above with the ultimate timing of amortizing repayments
limited to the available residual cash flows (i.e. we would not be
required to supplement cardholder collections by the trust to repay the
facility).
|
(4)
|
Represents
the end of the revolving period for a conduit facility issued out of our
lower-tier originated portfolio master trust. The committed
amount of this facility is $400.0 million. Currently, however,
we do not anticipate any further draws on this
facility.
|
(5)
|
Represents
a ten-year amortizing term series issued out of the Embarcadero
Trust.
|
(6)
|
Represents
the conduit notes associated with our 75.1% membership interest in our
majority-owned subsidiary that securitized the $92.0 million (face amount)
of receivables it acquired in the third quarter of 2004 and the $72.1
million (face amount) of receivables it acquired in the first quarter of
2005.
|
(7)
|
In
April 2007, we closed an amortizing securitization facility in connection
with our U.K. Portfolio acquisition; this facility is denominated in U.K.
sterling.
|
Each of
our securitization facilities and structured financing facilities is recourse
only to the specific financial assets underlying each respective securitization
or structured financing trust. Covenants under our securitization and financing
facilities vary, but generally include asset performance covenants (such as
maximum permitted delinquency and charge-off rates, minimum excess spread
levels, etc.)
and in
some cases include corporate-level covenants (including minimum equity levels,
minimum tangible equity levels, maximum permitted quarterly reductions in equity
levels, and minimum liquidity levels) and cross-default covenants,
the violation of which at varying levels could result in (1) curtailed
future draws on the facilities, (2) “cash trapping” (e.g., the accumulation
of cash within the facility to fund a reserve) within the structures or
(3) early amortization of the facilities within the structures. We have
closely monitored the covenants, and we have exercised the discretion afforded
to us under the facilities to avoid to the greatest extent possible the
triggering of these events. However, because we have experienced a prolonged
period of substantially reduced consumer payment rates, we believe that our
upper and lower-tier originated portfolio master trust securitization facilities
run a heightened risk of entering early amortization status. As noted throughout
this Report, early amortization of these facilities would have adverse effects
on our liquidity during the early amortization period, and the reflection of a
buyer’s discount to reflect the heightened risk of early amortization of the
facilities in our retained interest fair value computations as of September 30,
2009 has had adverse effects on our third quarter 2009 operating results and the
book value of our equity as of September 30, 2009.
Contractual
Obligations, Commitments and Off-Balance-Sheet Arrangements
See
Item 7, “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and
Results of Operations” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended
December 31, 2008.
Commitments
and Contingencies
We also
have certain contractual arrangements that would require us to make payments or
provide funding if certain circumstances occur (“contingent commitments”). We do
not currently expect that these contingent commitments will result in any
material amounts being paid by us. See Note 11, “Commitments and
Contingencies,” to our condensed consolidated financial statements included
herein for further discussion of these matters.
Recent
Accounting Pronouncements
See
Note 2, “Summary of Significant Accounting Policies and Condensed
Consolidated Financial Statement Components,” to our condensed consolidated
financial statements included herein for a discussion of recent accounting
pronouncements.
Critical
Accounting Estimates
We have
prepared our financial statements in accordance with GAAP. These principles are
numerous and complex. We have summarized our significant accounting policies in
the notes to our condensed consolidated financial statements. In many instances,
the application of GAAP requires management to make estimates or to apply
subjective principles to particular facts and circumstances. A variance in the
estimates used or a variance in the application or interpretation of GAAP could
yield a materially different accounting result. It is impracticable for us to
summarize every accounting principle that requires us to use judgment or
estimates in our application. Nevertheless, in our Annual Report on Form 10-K
for the year ended December 31, 2008, we discuss the five areas (valuation of
retained interests, investments in previously charged-off receivables,
non-consolidation of qualifying special purpose entities, allowance for
uncollectible loans and fees, and goodwill and identifiable intangible assets
and impairment analyses) for which we believe that the estimations, judgments or
interpretations that we have made, if different, would have yielded the most
significant differences in our consolidated financial statements. We urge
readers to review that discussion, along with Note 7, “Securitizations and
Structured Financings,” to the condensed consolidated financial statements
included in this report for an update to a portion of the sensitivity analysis
with respect to retained interests valuations.
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Related Party
Transactions
|
During
2008, two of our executive officers and a member of our Board of Directors
separately purchased an aggregate $3.4 million (face amount) of our outstanding
convertible senior notes. The purchases were made at prevailing
market prices from unrelated third parties.
Under a
shareholders agreement into which we entered with David G. Hanna, Frank J.
Hanna, III, Richard R. House, Jr. (our President), Richard W. Gilbert (our Chief
Operating Officer and Vice Chairman) and certain trusts that were or are
affiliates of the Hanna’s following our initial public offering (1) if one
or more of the shareholders accepts a bona fide offer from a third party to
purchase more than 50% of the outstanding common stock, each of the other
shareholders that are a party to the agreement may elect to sell their shares to
the purchaser on the same terms and conditions, and (2) if shareholders
that are a party to the agreement owning more than 50% of the common stock
propose to transfer all of their shares to a third party, then such transferring
shareholders may require the other shareholders that are a party to the
agreement to sell all of the shares owned by them to the proposed transferee on
the same terms and conditions.
In June 2007,
we entered into a sublease for 1,000 square feet of excess office space at our
new Atlanta headquarters office location, to HBR Capital, Ltd., a corporation
co-owned by David G. Hanna and Frank J. Hanna, III. The sublease rate of $22.44
per square foot is the same as the rate that we pay on the prime lease. This
sublease expires in May of 2022.
In June
2007, a partnership formed by Richard W. Gilbert (our Chief Operating Officer
and Vice Chairman of our Board of Directors), Richard R. House, Jr. (our
President and a member of our Board of Directors), J. Paul Whitehead III (our
Chief Financial Officer), Krishnakumar Srinivasan (President of our Credit Cards
segment), and other individual investors (including an unrelated third-party
individual investor), acquired £4.7 million ($9.2 million) of class “B”
notes originally issued to another investor out of our U.K. Portfolio
securitization trust. This acquisition price of the notes was the same price at
which the original investor had sold $60 million of notes to another unrelated
third party. As of September 30, 2009, the outstanding balance of the notes held
by the partnership was £1.0 million ($1.6 million). The notes held by the
partnership comprise 0.6% of the $276.2 million in total notes within the trust
on that date and are subordinate to the senior tranches within the
trust. The “B” tranche bears interest at U.K. LIBOR plus 9%.
In
December 2006, we established a contractual relationship with Urban Trust
Bank, a federally chartered savings bank (“Urban Trust”), pursuant to which we
purchase credit card receivables underlying specified Urban Trust credit card
accounts. Under this arrangement, in general Urban Trust was entitled to receive
5% of all payments received from cardholders and is obligated to pay 5% of all
net costs incurred by us in connection with managing the program, including the
costs of purchasing, marketing, servicing and collecting the receivables. In
April 2009, however, we amended our contractual relationship with Urban Trust
such that, in exchange for a payment by us of $300,000, Urban Trust would sell
back its ownership interest in the economics underlying cards issued through
Urban Trust Bank. The purchase of this interest resulted in a net gain of $1.1
million which we recorded in our second quarter 2009 results of
operations. Frank J. Hanna, Jr., owns a substantial noncontrolling
interest in Urban Trust and serves on its Board of Directors. In December 2006,
we deposited $0.3 million with Urban Trust to cover purchases by Urban Trust
cardholders. As of September 30, 2009, our deposit with Urban Trust
decreased to $11,000, corresponding to account closures and reduced credit lines
impacting Urban Trust cardholders.
Forward-Looking
Information
We make
forward-looking statements throughout this report including statements with
respect to our expected revenue, income, receivables, income ratios, net
interest margins, acquisitions and other opportunities, location openings and
closings, loss exposure and loss provisions, delinquency and charge-off rates,
changes in collection programs and practices, securitizations and gains from
securitizations, changes in the credit quality of our on-balance sheet loans and
fees receivable, account growth, the performance of investments that we have
made, operating expenses, marketing plans and expenses, the profitability of our
Auto Finance segment, the growth and performance of receivables originated over
the Internet, our plans in the U.K., the performance of our U.K. Portfolio of
credit card receivables, the sufficiency of available liquidity, the prospect
for improvements in the liquidity markets, future interest costs, sources of
funding operations and acquisitions, our ability to raise funds and renew or
replace securitization and financing facilities, our losses on and income from
equity-method investees, the levels of our ancillary and interchange revenues,
our servicing income levels and other statements of our plans, beliefs or
expectations are forward-looking statements. In some cases these statements are
identifiable through the use of words such as “anticipate,” “believe,”
“estimate,” “expect,” “intend,” “plan,” “project,” “target,” “can,” “could,”
“may,” “should,” “will,” “would” and similar expressions.
You are
cautioned not to place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements. The
forward-looking statements we make are not guarantees of future performance and
are subject to various assumptions, risks and other factors that could cause
actual results to differ materially from those suggested by these
forward-looking statements. Actual results may differ materially from those
suggested by the forward-looking statements that we make for a number of reasons
including those described in Part II, Item 1A, “Risk Factors,” of this
report.
We
expressly disclaim any obligation to update or revise any forward-looking
statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise,
except as required by law.
ITEM 3. QUANTITATIVE
AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK
Interest
Rate Sensitivity and Market Risk
In the
ordinary course of business, we are exposed to various interest rate risks
particularly in our Credit Cards and Auto Finance segments. Our interest rate
sensitivity is comprised of basis risk, gap risk and market risk. Basis risk is
caused by the difference in the interest rate indices or rates used to price
assets and liabilities. Gap risk is caused by the difference in repricing
intervals between assets and liabilities. Market risk is the risk of loss from
adverse changes in market prices and rates. Our principal market risk is related
to changes in interest rates. This affects us directly in our lending and
borrowing activities, as well as indirectly because interest rates may impact
the payment performance of our customers. To date, we have chosen not to hedge
these various interest rate risks because we believe
our
exposure to these risks is not likely to have a materially adverse effect on our
business and because we believe that our business model creates a natural hedge
to certain of these risks.
Credit Cards
Segment. In our Credit Cards segment, we incur basis risk because we fund
managed assets at a spread over commercial paper rates or LIBOR, while the rates
underlying our U.S. managed assets generally are indexed to the prime rate. This
basis risk results from the potential variability over time in the spread
between the prime rate on the one hand, and commercial paper rates and LIBOR on
the other hand. We have not hedged our basis risk because we believe that these
indices tend to move together and that the costs of hedging this risk are
greater than the benefits we would get from the elimination of this risk. Recent
liquidity market duress caused the base LIBOR rate to fluctuate significantly.
While these fluctuations did not move in tandem with the prime rate as
anticipated, we believe that this dislocation was a temporary
phenomenon.
We incur
gap risk within our Credit Cards segment because the debt underlying our
securitization trust facilities reprices monthly; whereas, some of our
receivables do not adjust automatically (as in the case of our U.K. Portfolio)
unless we specifically adjust them with appropriate notification. Under ordinary
circumstances, this gap risk is relatively minor, however, because we generally
can reprice the substantial majority of our credit card receivables in response
to a rate change. We note our gap risk currently is much more significant than
normal as Columbus Bank and Trust refused to re-price a substantial number of
credit card accounts in violation of our agreements with Columbus Bank and
Trust; we are litigating against CB&T regarding this refusal and are seeking
damages against CB&T.
As to the
issue of market risk within our Credit Cards segment, we attempt to minimize the
impact of interest rate fluctuations on net income by regularly evaluating the
risk inherent within our asset and liability structure, especially our
off-balance-sheet assets (such as securitized receivables) and their
corresponding liabilities. The impact of interest rate fluctuations on our
securitized receivables is reflected in the valuation of our retained interests
in credit card receivables securitized. This risk arises from continuous changes
in our asset and liability mix, changes in market interest rates (including such
changes that are caused by fluctuations in prevailing interest rates, payment
trends on our interest-earning assets and payment requirements on our
interest-bearing liabilities) and the general timing of all other cash flows. To
manage our direct risk to interest rates, management actively monitors interest
rates and the interest sensitive components of our securitization structures.
Management seeks to minimize the impact of changes in interest rates on the fair
value of assets, net income and cash flows primarily by matching asset and
liability repricings. There can be no assurance, however, that we will be
successful in our attempts to manage such risks.
At
September 30, 2009, a substantial majority of our managed credit card
receivables, including those related to our equity-method investees, and other
interest-earning assets had variable rate pricing, with substantially all U.S.
credit card receivables carrying annual percentage rates at a spread over the
prime rate, subject to interest rate floors. At September 30, 2009,
$695.8 million of our total managed credit card receivables were priced at
their floor rate. Although not keenly relevant to the current accommodative
interest rate environment, if we experience a long-term increase in LIBOR, our
earnings and cash flows will be adversely affected until the variable rate
pricing on the $695.8 million in receivables (as hypothetically determined
under the assumption that there was no floor rate) rises to the level of their
floor rate.
Auto Finance
Segment. At September 30, 2009, all of our Auto Finance segment’s loans
receivable were fixed rate amortizing loans and typically are not eligible to be
repriced. As such, we incur interest rate risks within our Auto Finance segment
to the extent that we have debt facilities that are priced at a spread over
floating commercial paper rates. In a rising rate environment during which
material levels of floating rate Auto Finance segment debt facilities are
outstanding, our net interest margin between a floating cost of funds and a
fixed rate interest income stream may become compressed. Given the current
accommodative rate environment, and should we obtain material levels of floating
rate Auto Finance segment debt facilities in the future, we may choose to
effectively fix our floating rate exposure at lower levels. This may be
accomplished via derivative instruments such as interest swaps or interest rate
caps, and we may elect to enter into these arrangements even if, by their nature
or structure, they are not perfect hedges from an accounting
perspective.
Foreign
Currency Risk
Our
Sterling-denominated investments in the United Kingdom (£23.7 million as of
September 30, 2009) have created balance sheet exposure to currency exchange
rates. Specifically, the translation of the balance sheets of our U.K.
operations from their local currencies into U.S. dollars is sensitive to changes
in U.S. dollar/ U.K. sterling currency exchange rates. These translation gains
and losses are recorded as foreign currency translation adjustments on our
consolidated statements of comprehensive (loss) income and as a component of
accumulated other comprehensive loss within shareholders’ equity on our
consolidated balance sheets. We also will have transactional gains and losses
that are caused by changes in foreign currency exchange rates. These
transactional gains and losses flow through our consolidated statements of
operations. We have not hedged our foreign currency risk.
ITEM 4. CONTROLS
AND PROCEDURES
(a)
Disclosure controls and procedures.
As of the
end of the period covered by this report, we carried out an evaluation, under
the supervision and with the participation of our Chief Executive Officer and
Chief Financial Officer, of the effectiveness of disclosure controls and
procedures as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) of the
Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”). Based on such
evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer have
concluded that as of the end of the period covered by this report, our
disclosure controls and procedures were effective at meeting their
objectives.
(b)
Internal control over financial reporting.
There
were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting (as such term
is defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Exchange
Act) during the fiscal quarter to which this report relates that have materially
affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control
over financial reporting.
PART
II—OTHER INFORMATION
ITEM 1. LEGAL
PROCEEDINGS
We and/or
our subsidiaries are involved in various legal proceedings that are incidental
to the conduct of our business. The material proceedings in which we are
involved are described below.
CompuCredit
Corporation and five other subsidiaries are defendants in a purported class
action lawsuit entitled Knox,
et al., vs. First Southern Cash Advance, et al.,
No. 5 CV 0445, filed in the Superior Court of New Hanover County,
North Carolina, on February 8, 2005. The plaintiffs allege that in
conducting a so-called “payday lending” business, certain of our Retail
Micro-Loans segment subsidiaries violated various laws governing consumer
finance, lending, check cashing, trade practices and loan brokering. The
plaintiffs further allege that CompuCredit Corporation is the alter ego of our
subsidiaries and is liable for their actions. The plaintiffs are seeking damages
of up to $75,000 per class member, and attorney’s fees. We are vigorously
defending this lawsuit. These claims are similar to those that have been
asserted against several other market participants in transactions involving
small balance, short-term loans made to consumers in North
Carolina.
On
May 23, 2008, CompuCredit Corporation and one of our other subsidiaries
filed a complaint against CB&T in the Georgia State Court, Fulton County,
(subsequently transferred to the Georgia Superior Court, Fulton County) in
an action entitled CompuCredit
Corporation et al. vs. CB&T et al., Civil Action
No. 08-EV-004730-F. Among other things, the complaint as now amended
alleges that CB&T, in violation of its contractual obligations, failed to
provide us rebates, marketing fees, revenues or other fees or discounts that
were paid or granted by Visa®,
MasterCard®, or
other card associations with respect to or apportionable to accounts covered by
CB&T’s agreements with us and other consideration due to us. The complaint
also alleges that CB&T refused to approve changes requested by us to the
terms of the credit card accounts and refused to permit certain marketing, all
in violation of the agreements among the parties. Also in this litigation,
CB&T has asserted claims against CompuCredit Corporation for alleged failure
to follow certain account management guidelines and for reimbursement of certain
legal fees that it has incurred associated with CompuCredit Corporation’s
contractual relationship with CB&T. Settlement discussions are at an
advanced stage, but CompuCredit cannot provide any assurances regarding their
outcome.
On
July 14, 2008, CompuCredit Corporation and four of our officers, David G.
Hanna, Richard R. House, Jr., Richard W. Gilbert and J. Paul Whitehead III, were
named as defendants in a purported class action securities case filed in the
United States District Court for the Northern District of Georgia entitled Waterford Township General
Employees Retirement System vs. CompuCredit Corporation, et al., Civil
Action No. 08-CV-2270. On August 22, 2008, a virtually identical case was
filed entitled Steinke vs.
CompuCredit Corporation et al., Civil Action No. 08-CV-2687.
In general, the complaints alleged that we made false and misleading statements
(or concealed information) regarding the nature of our assets, accounting for
loan losses, marketing and collection practices, exposure to sub-prime losses,
ability to lend funds, and expected future performance. The complaints recently
were consolidated, and a consolidated complaint has now been filed. We are
vigorously contesting this complaint, and the defendants have filed a motion to
dismiss and their reply brief in opposition to the plaintiff’s response
brief.
CompuCredit
Corporation received a demand dated August 25, 2008, from a shareholder, Ms. Sue
An, that CompuCredit Corporation take action against all of its directors and
two of its officers for alleged breaches of fiduciary duty. In general, the
alleged breaches are the same as the actions that are the subject of the class
action securities case. Our Board of Directors appointed a special litigation
committee to investigate the allegations; that investigation has now been
concluded, and we are in the process of communicating that conclusion to Ms. Sue
An’s legal counsel.
ITEM 1A. RISK
FACTORS
An
investment in our common stock or other securities involves a number of risks.
You should carefully consider each of the risks described below before deciding
to invest in our common stock. If any of the following risks develops into
actual events, our business, financial condition or results of operations could
be negatively affected, the market price of our common stock or other securities
could decline and you may lose all or part of your investment.
Investors
should be particularly cautious regarding investments in our common stock or
other securities at the present time in light of the current economic
circumstances. We are predominately a sub-prime lender, and our
customers have been adversely impacted by the loss of jobs and the overall
decline in the economy. Moreover, we have no meaningful access to
liquidity, and it is impossible for us to predict with certainty the impact of
the current economic circumstances on our business.
Our
Cash Flows and Net Income Are Dependent Upon Payments on the Receivables
Underlying Our Securitizations and From Our Other Credit Products.
The
collectibility of the receivables underlying our securitizations and those that
we hold and do not securitize is a function of many factors including the
criteria used to select who is issued credit, the pricing of the credit
products, the lengths of the relationships, general economic conditions, the
rate at which customers repay their accounts or become delinquent, and the rate
at which customers use their cards or otherwise borrow funds from
us. Deterioration in these factors, which we recently have
experienced, adversely impacts our business. In addition, to the
extent we have over-estimated collectibility, in all likelihood we have
over-estimated our financial performance. Some of these concerns are discussed
more fully below.
We may not
successfully evaluate the creditworthiness of our customers and may not price
our credit products so as to remain profitable. The creditworthiness of
our target market generally is considered “sub-prime” based on guidance issued
by the agencies that regulate the banking industry. Thus, our customers
generally have a higher frequency of delinquencies, higher risks of nonpayment
and, ultimately, higher credit losses than consumers who are served by more
traditional providers of consumer credit. Some of the consumers included in our
target market are consumers who are dependent upon finance companies, consumers
with only retail store credit cards and/or lacking general purpose credit cards,
consumers who are establishing or expanding their credit, and consumers who may
have had a delinquency, a default or, in some instances, a bankruptcy in their
credit histories, but have, in our view, demonstrated recovery. We price our
credit products taking into account the perceived risk level of our customers.
If our estimates are incorrect, customer default rates will be higher, we will
receive less cash from the receivables, the value of our retained interests and
our loans and fees receivable will decline, and we will experience reduced
levels of net income if not losses. Payment rates by our customers have declined
recently and, correspondingly, default rates have increased. It is
unclear whether these changes are temporary and, if they are, how long they will
last and whether, for instance, the federal government’s economic stimulus
programs will partially or fully offset them.
Economic
slowdowns increase our credit losses. Because our business is directly
related to consumer spending, during periods of economic slowdown or recession
it is more difficult for us to add or retain accounts and receivables (we
recently have almost entirely stopped opening new accounts), and receivables may
decline if consumers restrain spending. In addition, during periods of economic
slowdown or recession, we experience an increase in rates of delinquencies and
frequency and severity of credit losses. Our actual rates of delinquencies and
frequency and severity of credit losses may be comparatively higher during
periods of economic slowdown or recession than those experienced by more
traditional providers of consumer credit because of our focus on the financially
underserved consumer market, which may be disproportionately impacted. Other
economic and social factors, including, among other things, changes in consumer
confidence levels, the public’s perception of the use of credit and changing
attitudes about incurring debt, and the stigma of personal bankruptcy, also can
impact credit use and account performance. Moreover, adverse changes in economic
conditions in states where customers are located, including as a result of
severe weather, can have a direct impact on the timing and amount of payments of
receivables. Recent trends in the U.S. economy indicate that we have entered a
period of economic downturn or recession, and in recent months we have seen
reduced payments and an increase in default rates. If this trend
continues, it will significantly, and negatively, impact our
business.
We recently
purchased a substantial portfolio of receivables in the U.K. and now will have
greater exposure to the U.K. economy and currency exchange rates. In
April 2007, we purchased a portfolio of credit card receivables having a face
value of £490 million ($970 million) as of the date of purchase. Although
we have had minor operations in the U.K. previously, this is our first
significant investment there, and we now will have substantially greater
exposure to fluctuations in the U.K. economy. As a result of this investment, we
also have greater exposure to fluctuations in the relative values of the U.S.
dollar and the British pound. Because the British pound has experienced a
significant net decline in value relative to the U.S. dollar since our U.K.
Portfolio purchase, we have
experienced
significant transaction and translation losses within our financial
statements.
Because a
significant portion of our reported income is based on management’s estimates of
the future performance of securitized receivables, differences between actual
and expected performance of the receivables may cause fluctuations in net
income. Significant portions of our reported income (or losses) are based
on management’s estimates of cash flows we expect to receive from the interests
that we retain when we securitize receivables. The expected cash flows are based
on management’s estimates of interest rates, default rates, payment rates,
cardholder purchases, costs of funds paid to investors in the securitizations,
servicing costs, discount rates and required amortization payments. These
estimates are based on a variety of factors, many of which are not within our
control. Substantial differences between actual and expected performance of the
receivables will occur and will cause fluctuations in our net income. For
instance, higher than expected rates of delinquency and loss could cause our net
income to be lower than expected. Similarly with respect to financing agreements
secured by our on-balance-sheet receivables, levels of loss and delinquency
could result in our being required to repay our lenders earlier than expected,
thereby reducing funds available to us for future growth. Recent payment and
default trends appear likely to substantially reduce the cash flow that we
receive from these securitized receivables. Early amortization events with
respect to our securitizations also reduce the cash flow that we
receive.
Our portfolio of
receivables is not diversified and originates from customers whose
creditworthiness is considered sub-prime. We obtain the receivables that
we securitize and retain on our balance sheet in one of two ways—we either
originate the receivables or purchase pools of receivables from other issuers.
In either case, substantially all of our receivables are from financially
underserved borrowers—borrowers represented by credit risks that regulators
classify as “sub-prime.” Our reliance on sub-prime receivables has in the past
(and may in the future) negatively impacted our performance. For example, in
2001, we suffered a substantial loss after we increased the discount rate that
we used in valuing our retained interests to reflect the higher rate of return
required by securitization investors in sub-prime markets. These losses might
have been mitigated had our portfolios consisted of higher-grade receivables in
addition to our sub-prime receivables. We have no immediate plans to issue or
acquire significant higher-grade receivables. More recently, we began to
experience reductions in payments, and default rates have increased and may
increase further in the future. While we believe that the discount rate and
early amortization assumptions that we use to value our retained interests
accurately reflect the risks attendant to these increases, it is impossible to
make this determination with certainty at the current time.
Seasonal factors
may result in fluctuations in our net income. Our quarterly income may
fluctuate substantially as a result of seasonal consumer spending. In
particular, our credit card customers may charge more and carry higher balances
during the year-end holiday season and during the late summer vacation and
back-to-school period, resulting in corresponding increases in the receivables
we manage and subsequently securitize or finance during those
periods.
The timing and
volume of originations with respect to our lower-tier credit card offerings
causes significant fluctuations in quarterly income. Fluctuations in the
timing or the volume of our originations of receivables will cause fluctuations
in our quarterly income. Factors that affect the timing or volume include
marketing efforts, the general economy and the other factors discussed in this
section. For example, given the significant and variable growth rates that we
have experienced for our lower-tier credit card offerings and given the
appreciably shorter vintage life cycles for these offerings relative to our more
traditional credit card offerings, we have experienced, and in the future expect
to experience, significant volatility of quarterly earnings from these offerings
based on the varying levels of marketing and receivables origination in the
quarters preceding peak vintage charge-off periods. Our lower-tier credit card
receivables tend to follow similar patterns of delinquency and write off, with
the peak period of write offs occurring approximately eight to nine months
following account origination. During periods of sustained growth, the negative
impact of these peak periods generally is offset by the impact of new
receivables. During periods of no or more limited growth, it is not. We
substantially reduced our credit card marketing efforts beginning in August 2007
and more recently have almost entirely stopped issuing new cards, thereby
reducing our growth. This followed a period of substantial marketing efforts and
growth. One impact of this was an increase in write offs during the first,
second and third quarters of 2008 that were not offset by growth. In
addition, commencing early in the fourth quarter of 2008, like others in our
industry, we reduced credit lines and closed accounts in order to ensure that we
had the capacity to fund new purchases on the remaining accounts and to reduce
our risk exposure. This will result in an overall decline in the amount of
outstanding receivables.
Increases in
interest rates will increase our cost of funds and may reduce the payment
performance of our customers. Increases in interest rates will increase
our cost of funds, which could significantly affect our results of operations
and financial condition. We recently have experienced higher interest rates. Our
credit card accounts have variable interest rates. Significant increases in
these variable interest rates may reduce the payment performance of our
customers.
Due to the lack
of historical experience with Internet customers, we may not be able to target
successfully these customers or evaluate their creditworthiness. There is
less historical experience with respect to the credit risk and performance of
customers acquired over the Internet. As part of our growth strategy, we are
expanding our origination of accounts
over the
Internet; however, we may not be able to target and evaluate successfully the
creditworthiness of these potential customers. Therefore, we may encounter
difficulties managing the expected delinquencies and losses and appropriately
pricing our products.
We
Are Substantially Dependent Upon Securitizations and Other Borrowed Funds to
Fund the Receivables That We Originate or Purchase.
All of
our securitization and financing facilities are of finite duration (and
ultimately will need to be extended or replaced) and contain financial covenants
and other conditions that must be fulfilled in order for funding to be
available. Assuming that we meet applicable financial covenants and other
conditions (and there is a heightened risk that we will not), our principal
credit card receivables securitization facilities alleviate, until January 2010
and October 2010, our principal exposure to advance rate fluctuations within our
upper-tier originated portfolio master trust and our lower-tier originated
portfolio master trust, respectively. In the event that future advance rates
(i.e., the percentage on a dollar of receivables that lenders will lend us) for
securitizations or financing facilities are reduced, investors in
securitizations or financing facilities lenders require a greater rate of
return, we fail to meet the requirements for continued funding or
securitizations, or securitization or financing arrangements otherwise become
unavailable to us on acceptable terms, we may not be able to maintain or grow
our base of receivables or it may be more expensive for us to do so. In
addition, because of advance rate limitations, we retain subordinated “retained
interests” in our securitizations that must be funded through profitable
operations, equity raised from third parties or funds borrowed elsewhere. The
cost and availability of equity and borrowed funds is dependent upon our
financial performance, the performance of our industry generally and general
economic and market conditions, and at times equity and borrowed funds have been
both expensive and difficult to obtain. Most recently, funding for sub-prime
lending has been largely unavailable. Some of these concerns are discussed more
fully below.
As our
securitization and financing facilities mature or experience early amortization
events, the proceeds from the underlying receivables will not be available to us
for reinvestment or other purposes. Repayment for our securitization
facilities begins as early as one year prior to their maturity dates. Once
repayment begins and until the facility is paid, payments from customers on the
underlying receivables are accumulated to repay the investors and no longer are
reinvested in new receivables. When a securitization facility matures, the
underlying trust continues to own the receivables, and the maturing facility
retains its priority in payments on the underlying receivables until it is
repaid in full. As a result, new purchases need to be funded using debt, equity
or a replacement facility subordinate to the maturing facility’s interest in the
underlying receivables. Although this subordination historically has not made it
more difficult to obtain replacement facilities, it may do so in the future. If
we are obligated to repay a securitization facility and we also are unable to
obtain alternative sources of liquidity, such as debt, equity or new
securitization facilities that are structurally subordinate to the facility
being repaid, we may be forced to prohibit new purchases in some or all of our
accounts in order to significantly reduce our need for any additional cash. In
response to this risk, we have now closed substantially all of our credit card
accounts to new purchases, and we also could decide to sell assets at less than
favorable prices.
The
documents governing our securitization facilities provide that, upon the
occurrence of certain adverse events known as “early redemption events,” and
sometimes called “early amortization events,” investors can accelerate payments.
Early redemption events include portfolio performance triggers, the termination
of certain of our affinity agreements with third-party financial institutions to
originate credit cards, breach of certain representations, warranties and
covenants, insolvency or receivership, and servicer defaults, and may include
the occurrence of an early redemption event with respect to another
securitization transaction. In our upper-tier originated portfolio master trust
variable funding facility, an early redemption event also may be triggered among
other things based on a total consolidated equity test, a maximum permitted
reduction in quarterly total consolidated equity levels test, a change of
control in CompuCredit or other corporate finance events. If an early redemption
event occurs, principal payments would be made to investors to reduce their
notes in our securitizations. Until these investors are repaid in full, we
likely would receive no further funds from the receivables other than the
servicing fees provided for in the documents governing the securitizations.
These servicing fees are significantly less than the cash flows that we
currently receive as holders of the retained interests. In an early amortization
scenario with respect to facilities within our originated portfolio master
trusts, we estimate it could take several years to repay investors, after which
time we would again receive other funds from the receivables. During this
intervening period, our liquidity would be negatively impacted, our financial
results would suffer and we would need to obtain alternative sources of funding,
which under current market conditions would be very difficult for us to
do.
We may be unable
to obtain capital from third parties needed to fund our existing securitizations
and loans and fees receivable, investors and lenders under our securitization
and debt facilities may be unable or unwilling to meet their contractual
commitments to provide us funding, or we may be forced to rely on more expensive
funding sources than those that we have today. We need equity or debt
capital to fund our retained interests in our securitizations and the difference
between our loans and fees receivable and the amount that lenders will advance
or lend to us
against
those receivables. Investors should be aware of our dependence on third parties
for funding and our exposure to increases in costs for that funding. External
factors, including the general economy, impact our ability to obtain funds. For
instance, in 2001, we needed additional liquidity to fund our operations and the
growth in our retained interests, and we had a difficult time obtaining the
needed cash. Similarly, beginning in 2007 we have not been able to obtain
financing on terms as favorable as those that we previously were able to obtain,
and we significantly curtailed our marketing efforts and the issuance of new
cards. More recently, we have not been able to raise cash by issuing additional
debt or equity or by selling a portion of our retained interests. Moreover, the
existing lenders under our securitization facilities increasingly have required
modifications to the terms of the facilities that would reduce advance rates and
otherwise adversely impact our liquidity. As a result, like all
participants in the sub-prime market place, we continue to operate under
significant liquidity constraints, which appear likely to worsen and could
require us to sell assets at less than favorable prices. We have read increasing
press accounts of committed investors and lenders who have been unable or
unwilling to meet their contractual funding obligations, and should we directly
experience such a situation, our liquidity position, financial results and
financial position could be jeopardized significantly. In addition, from time to
time we have had disputes with investors in our securitization facilities and
lenders under our financing facilities regarding whether, for instance, we have
complied fully with our servicing obligations. We are unaware on any
non-compliance on our part, and, generally, it appears that these disputes have
coincided with investors’ and lenders’ desires to modify other terms of their
arrangements. A failure by us in performing our servicing obligations
at the level required in the applicable documents could, among other things,
entitle an investor or a lender to replace us as servicer, which would deprive
us of our attendant servicing revenues, or cause an event of default under the
applicable facilities.
Increases in
expected losses and delinquencies may prevent us from securitizing future
receivables on terms similar to those that currently are available or from
obtaining favorable financing for non-securitized receivables. Greater
than expected delinquencies and losses also impact our ability to complete other
securitization or financing transactions on acceptable terms or at all, thereby
decreasing our liquidity and forcing us to either decrease or stop our growth or
rely on alternative, and potentially more expensive, funding sources if even
available. In recent months, payment rates have declined significantly and
defaults correspondingly have increased or will increase. It is premature to
predict the ultimate impact of these changes on our ability to securitize future
receivables, particularly given that there is no active securitization market at
the current time, but we do expect it to have an adverse impact.
The performance
of our competitors impacts the costs of our securitizations and financing
facilities. Generally speaking, investors in our securitizations also
invest in our competitors’ securitizations, and lenders against our receivables
also lend against our competitors’ receivables. When these investors and lenders
evaluate their investments and lending arrangements, they typically do so based
on overall industry performance. Thus, independent of our own performance, when
our competitors perform poorly, we typically experience negative investor and
lender sentiment, and the investors in our securitizations and lenders against
our receivables require greater returns, particularly with respect to
subordinated interests in our securitizations. In 2001, for instance, investors
demanded unprecedented returns. More recently, largely because of difficulties
in the sub-prime mortgage market, investors have been substantially more
reluctant, if even willing, to invest and those that have been willing to invest
have sought greater returns.
Rating
agencies have been aggressively reducing ratings across broad segments of the
consumer finance sector. Recently, certain ratings on pools we
service have been downgraded. Rating agency actions have impacted the
securitization industry and may impact our future ability to issue new
debt.
Although
due to conditions in the broader economic market, there currently are no
securitization opportunities for us, should these opportunities return in the
future, we expect investors to require higher returns. As a result, when we sell
our retained interests in securitizations at that time, the total returns to
buyers may be greater than the discount rates we are using to value the retained
interests for purposes of our financial statements. This would result in losses
for us at the time of the sales as the total proceeds from the sales would be
less than the carrying amount of the retained interests in our financial
statements. We also might increase the discount rates used to value all of our
other retained interests, which would result in further losses. Conversely, if
we sold our retained interests for total returns to investors that were less
than our current discount rates, we would record income from the sales, and we
potentially would decrease the rates used to value all of our other retained
interests, which would result in additional income.
Our growth is
dependent on our ability to add new securitization and financing
facilities. We finance our receivables through securitizations and
financing facilities. Beginning in 2007, largely as a result of difficulties in
the sub-prime mortgage market, new financing generally has been unavailable to
sub-prime lenders, and the financing that has been available has been on
significantly less favorable terms. As a result, beginning in the third quarter
of 2007, we significantly curtailed our marketing for new credit cards in order
to preserve our cash and access to financing for our most critical needs and
currently are not issuing a significant number of new cards. Moreover,
commencing in October 2008 we reduced credit lines and closed a significant
number of accounts in response to the unavailability of financing and to reduce
our risk
exposure.
If additional securitization and financing facilities are not available in the
future on terms we consider acceptable, or if existing securitization and
financing facilities are not renewed on terms as favorable as we have now or are
not renewed at all, we will not be able to grow our business and it will
continue to contract in size.
We may be
required to pay to investors in our securitizations an amount equal to the
amount of securitized receivables if representations and warranties regarding
those receivables are inaccurate. The representations and warranties made
to us by sellers of receivables we purchase may be inaccurate. In securitization
transactions, in reliance on the representations and warranties that we have
received, we make similar representations and warranties to investors and,
generally speaking, if there is a breach of our representations and warranties,
we could be required to pay the investors the amount of the non-compliant
receivables. Thus, our reliance on a representation or warranty of a receivables
seller, which proves to be false and causes a breach of one of our
representations or warranties, could subject us to a potentially costly
liability.
Our
Financial Performance Is, in Part, a Function of the Aggregate Amount of
Receivables That Are Outstanding.
The
aggregate amount of outstanding receivables is a function of many factors
including purchase rates, payment rates, interest rates, seasonality, general
economic conditions, competition from other credit card issuers and other
sources of consumer financing, access to funding, the timing and extent of our
marketing efforts and the success of our marketing efforts. To the extent that
we have over-estimated the size or growth of our receivables or underestimated
contraction of our receivables, in all likelihood we have over-estimated our
future financial performance.
Intense
competition for customers may cause us to lose receivables to
competitors. Historically, we have faced intense competition from other
providers of credit cards. While we are not actively soliciting new
accounts at the current time, we do hope to resume account growth in the future,
and we would expect to lose receivables to competitors that offer lower interest
rates and fees or other more attractive terms or features. We believe that
customers choose credit card issuers and other lenders largely on the basis of
interest rates, fees, credit limits and other product features. For this reason,
customer loyalty is often limited. Our ability to maintain and grow our business
depends largely upon the success of our marketing efforts. Our credit card
business competes with national, regional and local bank and other credit card
issuers. Our other businesses have substantial competitors as well. Some of
these competitors already may use or may begin using many of the programs and
strategies that we have used to attract new accounts. In addition, many of our
competitors are substantially larger than we are and have greater financial
resources. Further, the Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act of 1999, which permits the
affiliation of commercial banks, insurance companies and securities firms, may
increase the level of competition in the financial services market, including
the credit card business.
Our business
currently is contracting. Growth is a product of a combination of
factors, many of which are not in our control. Factors include:
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the
level of our marketing efforts;
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the
success of our marketing efforts;
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the
degree to which we lose business to
competitors;
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the
level of usage of our credit products by our
customers;
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the
availability of portfolios for purchase on attractive
terms;
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levels
of delinquencies and charge offs;
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the
availability of funding, including securitizations, on favorable
terms;
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our
ability to sell retained interests on favorable
terms;
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the
level of costs of soliciting new
customers;
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our
ability to employ and train new
personnel;
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our
ability to maintain adequate management systems, collection procedures,
internal controls and automated systems;
and
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general
economic and other factors beyond our
control.
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We
substantially eliminated our marketing efforts and have aggressively reduced
credit lines and closed accounts. In addition, the general economy has been
experiencing a significant downturn, which has significantly impacted not just
the level of usage of our credit products by our customers but also levels of
payments and delinquencies and other performance metrics. As a result, our
business currently is contracting, and until market conditions reverse, we do
not expect to grow our business.
Our decisions
regarding marketing have a significant impact on our growth. We can
increase or decrease the size of our outstanding receivables balances by
increasing or decreasing our marketing efforts. Marketing is expensive, and
during periods when we have less liquidity than we like or when prospects for
continued liquidity in the future do not look promising, we may decide to limit
our marketing and thereby our growth. We decreased our marketing during 2003,
although we increased our marketing in 2004 through 2006 because of our improved
access to capital. Similarly, we significantly curtailed our marketing in August
2007 because of uncertainty regarding future access to capital as a result of
difficulties in the sub-prime mortgage market and currently are not issuing a
significant number of new cards.
Our operating
expenses and our ability to effectively service our accounts are dependent on
our ability to estimate the future size and general growth rate of the
portfolio. Some of our servicing and vendor agreements require us to make
additional payments if we overestimate the size or growth of our business. These
additional payments compensate the servicers and vendors for increased staffing
expenses and other costs they incur in anticipation of our growth. If we grow
more slowly than anticipated, we still may have higher servicing expenses than
we actually need, thus reducing our net income.
We
Operate in a Heavily Regulated Industry.
Changes
in bankruptcy, privacy or other consumer protection laws, or to the prevailing
interpretation thereof, may expose us to litigation, adversely affect our
ability to collect account balances in connection with our traditional credit
card business, our debt collection subsidiary’s charged-off receivables
operations, and our auto finance and micro-loan activities, or otherwise
adversely affect our operations. Similarly, regulatory changes could adversely
affect our ability or willingness to market credit cards and other products and
services to our customers. The accounting rules that govern our business are
exceedingly complex, difficult to apply and in a state of flux. As a result, how
we value our receivables and otherwise account for our business (including
whether we consolidate our securitizations) is subject to change depending upon
the changes in, and, interpretation of, those rules. Some of these issues are
discussed more fully below.
Reviews and
enforcement actions by regulatory authorities under banking and consumer
protection laws and regulations may result in changes to our business practices,
may make collection of account balances more difficult or may expose us to the
risk of fines, restitution and litigation. Our operations, and the
operations of the issuing banks through which we originate credit products, are
subject to the jurisdiction of federal, state and local government authorities,
including the SEC, the FDIC, the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency, the
FTC, U.K. banking authorities, state regulators having jurisdiction over
financial institutions and debt origination and collection and state attorneys
general. Our business practices, including the terms of our products and our
marketing, servicing and collection practices, are subject to both periodic and
special reviews by these regulatory and enforcement authorities. These reviews
can range from investigations of specific consumer complaints or concerns to
broader inquiries into our practices generally. If as part of these reviews the
regulatory authorities conclude that we are not complying with applicable law,
they could request or impose a wide range of remedies including requiring
changes in advertising and collection practices, changes in the terms of our
products (such as decreases in interest rates or fees), the imposition of fines
or penalties, or the paying of restitution or the taking of other remedial
action with respect to affected customers. They also could require us to stop
offering some of our products, either nationally or in selected states. To the
extent that these remedies are imposed on the issuing banks through which we
originate credit products, under certain circumstances we are responsible for
the remedies as a result of our indemnification obligations with those banks. We
also may elect to change practices or products that we believe are compliant
with law in order to respond to regulatory concerns. Furthermore, negative
publicity relating to any specific inquiry or investigation could hurt our
ability to conduct business with various industry participants or to attract new
accounts and could negatively affect our stock price, which would adversely
affect our ability to raise additional capital and would raise our costs of
doing business.
As
discussed in more detail below, in March 2006, one of our subsidiaries stopped
processing and servicing micro-loans in North Carolina in settlement of a review
by the North Carolina Attorney General, and also in 2006, we terminated our
processing and servicing of micro-loans for third-party banks in three other
states in response to a position taken in February 2006 with respect to banks
generally by the FDIC.
In June
2006, we entered into an assurance agreement with the New York Attorney General
in order to resolve an inquiry into our marketing and other materials and our
servicing and collection practices, principally as a result of New York Personal
Property Law Section 413. Pursuant to this agreement, we agreed to pay a
$0.5 million civil penalty to the State of
New York
and to refund certain fees to New York cardholders, which resulted in cash
payments of under $2.0 million and a charge against a $5.0 million liability
that we accrued for this purpose. In addition, we assured the New York Attorney
General that we would not engage in certain marketing, billing, servicing and
collection practices, a number of which we previously had
discontinued.
Also,
commencing in June 2006, the FDIC began investigating the policies, practices
and procedures used in connection with our credit card originating financial
institution relationships. In December 2006, the FTC commenced a related
investigation. In June 2008, both of the regulators commenced actions against us
and the FDIC commenced actions against two of the banks that historically have
issued cards on our behalf. We settled the actions against us in December 2008.
See Part I, Item 3, “Legal Proceedings,” contained in our Annual Report on
Form 10-K filed with the SEC for the year ended December 31, 2008.
If any
additional deficiencies or violations of law or regulations are identified by us
or asserted by any regulator, or if the FDIC, FTC or any other regulator
requires us to change any of our practices, there can be no assurance that the
correction of such deficiencies or violations, or the making of such changes,
would not have a materially adverse effect on our financial condition, results
of operations or business. In addition, whether or not we modify our practices
when a regulatory or enforcement authority requests or requires that we do so,
there is a risk that we or other industry participants may be named as
defendants in litigation involving alleged violations of federal and state laws
and regulations, including consumer protection laws. Any failure to comply with
legal requirements by us or the issuing banks through which we originate credit
products in connection with the issuance of those products, or by us or our
agents as the servicer of our accounts, could significantly impair our ability
to collect the full amount of the account balances. The institution of any
litigation of this nature, or any judgment against us or any other industry
participant in any litigation of this nature, could adversely affect our
business and financial condition in a variety of ways.
Increases in
required minimum payment levels have impacted our business adversely. For
some time, regulators of credit card issuers have requested or required that
issuers increase their minimum monthly payment requirements to prevent so-called
“negative amortization,” in which the monthly minimum payment is not sufficient
to reduce the outstanding balance even if new purchases are not made. This can
be caused by, among other things, the imposition of over-limit, late and other
fees. Prior to recent changes to our minimum payment requirements, we requested
a minimum payment from our credit cardholders equal to the greater of 3% or 4%
(depending upon the credit card product) of their outstanding balance or an
amount that was sufficient to cover over-limit, late and other fees—a minimum
payment level that was designed to prevent negative amortization. However, we
had historically followed a more consumer-friendly practice of not treating
cardholders as delinquent (with commensurate adverse credit agency reporting)
provided they made a minimum payment of only 3% or 4% (depending upon the credit
card product) of their outstanding balance (i.e., exclusive of the requested
over-limit, late and other fees). Because of this practice, 3.8% of our U.S.
accounts and 5.9% of our U.S. credit card receivables were experiencing negative
amortization at December 31, 2006. However, in response to comments about
minimum payments and negative amortization received from the FDIC in the course
of its routine examinations of the banks that issue credit cards on our behalf,
we began a review of our practices in this area during the second quarter of
2006. As a result of this review and in keeping with our goals of maintaining
our consumer-friendly practices in this area, commencing during the third and
fourth quarters of 2006, we discontinued billing finance charges and fees on
credit card accounts once they become ninety or more days delinquent. We made
several additional consumer-friendly changes in 2007 and 2008 that had the
effect of reducing negative amortization, including a change in the fourth
quarter of 2007 whereby we began to reverse fees and finance charges on the
accounts of cardholders who made payments so that those accounts would not be in
negative amortization. Moreover, we modified our minimum payment requirements in
some cases to require a minimum payment equal to 1% of the outstanding balance
plus any finance charges and late fees billed in the current cycle. Based on our
various changes to our practices in this area, U.S. accounts representing only
0.01% of our U.S. credit card receivables were experiencing negative
amortization at September 30, 2009. The changes that we have made have adversely
impacted and are likely in the future to adversely impact amounts collected from
cardholders and therefore our reported fee income and delinquency and charge-off
statistics. Additionally, based on on-going discussions with our issuing bank
partners, evolving minimum payment practices in the credit card industry, and
our desire to continue to lead the industry in the application of
consumer-friendly credit card practices, we may make further payment and
fee-related changes in the next six to twelve months, and while it is possible
that some of these changes may even be beneficial to our financial position and
future results of operations, we do not yet know how these changes would affect
our customers’ payment patterns and therefore us.
Adverse
regulatory actions with respect to issuing banks have adversely impacted our
business and could continue to do so in the future. It is possible that a
regulatory position or action taken with respect to any of the issuing banks
through which we originate credit products or for whom we service receivables
might result in the bank’s inability or unwillingness to originate credit
products on our behalf or in partnership with us. For instance, in February 2006
the FDIC effectively asked insured financial institutions not to issue cash
advance and installment micro-loans through third-party servicers. As a result
of this request, the issuing bank for which we provided services in four states
stopped making new loans. Similarly, two of the banks through which we
traditionally
have
opened credit card accounts stopped opening new accounts, principally because of
the FDIC and FTC investigations and litigation discussed elsewhere. In addition,
Encore has refused to purchase certain receivables from one of our subsidiaries,
claiming that the allegations underlying our now-settled dispute with the FTC
relieve it from its obligations. In the future, regulators may find other
aspects of the products that we originate or service objectionable, including,
for instance, the terms of the credit offerings (particularly for our higher
priced lower-tier products), the manner in which we market them or our servicing
and collection practices. We are entirely dependent on our issuing relationships
with these institutions, and their regulators could at any time limit their
ability to issue some or all products on our behalf, or that we service on their
behalf, or to modify those products significantly. Any significant interruption
of those relationships would result in our being unable to originate new
receivables and other credit products, which would have a materially adverse
impact on our business.
Changes to
consumer protection laws or changes in their interpretation may impede
collection efforts or otherwise adversely impact our business practices.
Federal and state consumer protection laws regulate the creation and enforcement
of consumer credit card receivables and other loans. Many of these laws (and the
related regulations) are focused on sub-prime lenders and are intended to
prohibit or curtail industry-standard practices as well as non-standard
practices. For instance, Congress enacted legislation that regulates loans to
military personnel through imposing interest rate and other limitations and
requiring new disclosures, all as regulated by the Department of
Defense. Similarly, in 2009 Congress enacted legislation that will require
changes to a variety of marketing, billing and collection practices. The Federal
Reserve recently has adopted significant changes to a number of practices that
will be effective July 2010. While our practices are in compliance with most of
these proposed changes, some (e.g., limitations on the ability to assess
up-front fees) could significantly impact our lower-tier products. Changes in
the consumer protection laws could result in the following:
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receivables
not originated in compliance with law (or revised interpretations) could
become unenforceable and uncollectible under their terms against the
obligors;
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we
may be required to credit or refund previously collected
amounts;
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certain
fees could be prohibited or restricted, which would reduce the
profitability of certain accounts;
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certain
of our collection methods could be prohibited, forcing us to revise our
practices or adopt more costly or less effective
practices;
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limitations
on the content of marketing materials could be imposed that would result
in reduced success for our marketing
efforts;
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federal
and state laws may limit our ability to recover on charged-off receivables
regardless of any act or omission on our
part;
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reductions
in statutory limits for finance charges could require us to reduce our
fees and charges;
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some
of our products and services could be banned in certain states or at the
federal level;
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federal
or state bankruptcy or debtor relief laws could offer additional
protections to customers seeking bankruptcy protection, providing a court
greater leeway to reduce or discharge amounts owed to us;
and
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a
reduction in our ability or willingness to lend to certain individuals,
such as military personnel.
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Material
regulatory developments are likely to impact our business and results from
operations and we are unable to predict the nature or magnitude of that
impact.
The Retail
Micro-Loans segment of our business operates in an increasingly hostile
regulatory environment. Most states have specific laws regulating
micro-loan activities and practices. (One form of these activities is sometimes
referred to as “payday” lending.) Moreover, during the last few years,
legislation has been adopted in some states that prohibits or severely restricts
micro-loan cash advance services. Several state legislatures have introduced
bills to restrict or prohibit “cash advance” micro-loans by limiting the amount
of the advance and or reducing the allowable fees. In addition, Mississippi has
sunset provisions in its laws permitting micro-loans that require renewal of the
laws by the state legislature at periodic intervals. In June 2008, Ohio enacted
legislation that severely curtailed the traditional form of cash advance
micro-loans in that state, forcing us to seek and obtain approval for use of an
alternative micro-loan product under regulatory license within the state.
Although states provide the primary regulatory framework under which we conduct
our micro-loan services, certain federal laws also impact our business.
Moreover, future laws or regulations (at the state, federal or local
level)
prohibiting
micro-loan services or making them unprofitable could be passed at any time or
existing micro-loan laws could expire or be amended, any of which could have a
materially adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial
condition.
Additionally,
state attorneys general, banking regulators and others continue to scrutinize
the micro-loan industry and may take actions that could require us to cease or
suspend operations in their respective states. For example, one of our
subsidiaries agreed with the Attorney General of the State of North Carolina in
March 2006 to stop servicing micro-loans for third-party banks, a practice that
we also terminated in three other affected states based on the February 2006
FDIC action cited above. Also, a group of plaintiffs brought a series of
putative class action lawsuits in North Carolina claiming, among other things,
that the cash advance micro-loan activities of the defendants violate numerous
North Carolina consumer protection laws. The lawsuits seek various remedies
including treble damages. One of these lawsuits is pending against CompuCredit
and five of our subsidiaries. If these cases are determined adversely to us,
there could be significant consequences to us, including the payment of monetary
damages. In the future, we also might voluntarily (or with the encouragement of
a regulator) withdraw particular products from particular states, which could
have a similar effect.
Negative
publicity may impair acceptance of our products. Critics of sub-prime
credit and micro-loan providers have in the past focused on marketing practices
that they claim encourage consumers to borrow more money than they should, as
well as on pricing practices that they claim are either confusing or result in
prices that are too high. Consumer groups, Internet chat sites and media reports
frequently characterize sub-prime lenders as predatory or abusive toward
consumers and may misinform consumers regarding their rights. If these negative
characterizations and misinformation become widely accepted by consumers, demand
for our products and services could be adversely impacted. Increased criticism
of the industry or criticism of us in the future could hurt customer acceptance
of our products or lead to changes in the law or regulatory environment, either
of which would significantly harm our business.
We
Recently Entered Into and Have Subsequently Expanded Our Automobile Lending
Activities, and These Activities Involve Risks in Addition to Those We
Historically Have Faced.
Automobile
lending exposes us not only to most of the risks described above but also to
additional risks, including the regulatory scheme that governs installment loans
and those attendant to relying upon automobiles and their repossession and
liquidation value as collateral. In addition, one of our Auto Finance segment
businesses acquires loans on a wholesale basis from used car dealers, for which
we rely upon the legal compliance and credit determinations by those
dealers.
The
decline in automobile sales has resulted in a decline in the overall demand for
automobile loans. During 2008, sales of both new and used cars
declined precipitously. While the unavailability of funding may have had a
greater impact on our business, the decline in demand was consequential as well
as it adversely affects the volume of our lending transactions and our
recoveries of repossessed vehicles at auction. The continuation of this decline
in demand will adversely impact our business.
Funding for
automobile lending is difficult to obtain and expensive. In large part
due to market concerns regarding sub-prime lending, it is extremely difficult to
find lenders willing to fund our automobile lending activities. To the extent
that any potential debt facilities within our Auto Finance segment carry higher
interest rates and lower advance rates than the funding that we historically
have obtained, our growth rates will be adversely affected, we may face periods
of liquidations in our Auto Finance segment receivables (which we currently are
experiencing), and our profitability and returns on equity may be reduced. We
also may not be able to renew or replace our remaining Auto Finance segment
facilities when they become due, in which event our Auto Finance segment could
experience significant liquidity constraints and diminution in reported asset
values as lenders retain significant cash flows within underlying structured
financings or otherwise under security arrangements for repayment of their
loans. If we cannot renew or replace facilities or otherwise are
unduly constrained from a liquidity perspective, we may choose to sell part or
all of our auto loan portfolios, possibly at less than favorable
prices.
Our automobile
lending business is dependent upon referrals from dealers. Currently we
provide automobile loans only to or through new and used car dealers (including
JRAS, our own captive buy-here, pay-here dealer acquired in January 2007).
Providers of automobile financing have traditionally competed based on the
interest rate charged, the quality of credit accepted and the flexibility of
loan terms offered. In order to be successful, we not only will need to be
competitive in these areas, but also will need to establish and maintain good
relations with dealers and provide them with a level of service greater than
what they can obtain from our competitors. This is particularly true with our
ACC business, which stopped acquiring loans in November 2006 and began
reestablishing its relationships with dealers only following our acquisition of
it in February 2007. More recently, because of market conditions, ACC
again has stopped acquiring loans.
The financial
performance of our automobile loan portfolio is in part dependent upon the
liquidation of repossessed automobiles. Our ACC business regularly
repossesses automobiles and sells repossessed automobiles at wholesale auction
markets located throughout the U.S. Auction proceeds from these sales and other
recoveries rarely
are
sufficient to cover the outstanding balances of the contracts; where we
experience these shortfalls, we will experience credit losses. Decreased auction
proceeds resulting from depressed prices at which used automobiles may be sold
in periods of economic slowdown or recession have resulted in higher credit
losses for us. Additionally, higher gasoline prices during 2008 decreased the
auction value of certain types of vehicles, such as SUVs.
Repossession of
automobiles entails the risk of litigation and other claims. Although we
contract with reputable repossession firms to repossess automobiles on defaulted
loans, it is not uncommon for consumers to assert that we were not entitled to
repossess an automobile or that the repossession was not conducted in accordance
with applicable law. These claims increase the cost of our collection efforts
and, if correct, can result in awards against us.
We
Routinely Explore Various Opportunities to Grow Our Business, to Make
Investments and to Purchase and Sell Assets.
We
routinely consider acquisitions of, or investments in, portfolios and other
businesses as well as the sale of portfolios and portions of our business. There
are a number of risks attendant to any acquisition, including the possibility
that we will overvalue the assets to be purchased and that we will not be able
to produce the expected level of profitability from the acquired business or
assets. Similarly, there are a number of risks attendant to sales, including the
possibility that we will undervalue the assets to be sold. As a result, the
impact of any acquisition or sale on our future performance may not be as
favorable as expected and actually may be adverse.
Portfolio purchases may
cause fluctuations in reported credit card managed receivables data, which may
reduce the usefulness of historical credit card managed loan data in evaluating
our business. Our reported managed credit card receivables data may fluctuate
substantially from quarter to quarter as a result of recent and future credit
card portfolio acquisitions. In April 2007, we purchased a portfolio in the U.K.
having a face amount of approximately £490 million ($970 million) as of the
date of purchase, and as of September 30, 2009, credit card portfolio
acquisitions accounted for 30.7% of our total credit card managed receivables
portfolio based on our ownership percentages.
Receivables
included in purchased portfolios are likely to have been originated using credit
criteria different from the criteria of issuing bank partners that originate
accounts on our behalf. Receivables included in any particular purchased
portfolio may have significantly different delinquency rates and charge-off
rates than the receivables previously originated and purchased by us. These
receivables also may earn different interest rates and fees as compared to other
similar receivables in our receivables portfolio. These variables could cause
our reported managed receivables data to fluctuate substantially in future
periods making the evaluation of our business more difficult.
Any
acquisition or investment that we make will involve risks different from and in
addition to the risks to which our business is currently exposed. These include
the risks that we will not be able to integrate and operate successfully new
businesses, that we will have to incur substantial indebtedness and increase our
leverage in order to pay for the acquisitions, that we will be exposed to, and
have to comply with, different regulatory regimes and that we will not be able
to apply our traditional analytical framework (which is what we expect to be
able to do) in a successful and value-enhancing manner.
Other
Risks of Our Business
We are a holding
company with no operations of our own. As a result, our
cash flow and ability to service our debt is dependent upon distributions from
our subsidiaries. Our ability to service our debt is dependent upon
the operating earnings of our subsidiaries. The distribution of those
earnings, or advances or other distributions of funds by those subsidiaries to
us, all of which are subject to statutory and could be subject to contractual
restrictions, are contingent upon the subsidiaries’ earnings and are subject to
various business and debt covenant considerations. In addition, we
are considering further restructuring options, including a spin-off of one or
more of our operations.
If we ever
consolidate the entities that hold our receivables, there will be a number of
changes to our financial statements. When we securitize receivables, they
are owned by special purpose entities that are not consolidated with us for
financial reporting purposes. The rules governing whether these entities are
consolidated are complex and evolving and subject to periodic review. For
instance, changes effective for us at the end of 2009 will require us to
consolidate our securitizations as of the beginning of 2010. In addition, in the
interim, we might modify how we service or securitize receivables, or propose
modifications to existing securitization facilities, such that the consolidation
of these entities could be required. As a result of the accounting rules changes
expected to be effective for us as of January 1, 2010, cash and credit card
receivables held by our securitization trusts and debt issued from those
entities will be presented as assets and liabilities on our consolidated balance
sheet effective on that date. Initial adoption of these new rules is expected to
have a material impact on our reported financial condition. However, because we
have not yet decided whether to exercise an available
option
under the new rules under which we would be required to value both the credit
card receivables and debt outstanding within our securitization trusts at fair
value, we are uncertain whether the new rules will result in materially
favorable or adverse effects on our reported financial condition. If we exercise
the fair value option permitted under the new rules, we expect favorable effects
on our reported financial condition; whereas, if we do not exercise the fair
value option, we expect adverse effects on our reported financial condition.
Moreover, after adoption of these new accounting rules, we will no longer
reflect our securitization trusts’ results of operations within losses on
retained interests in credit card receivables securitized, but will instead
report interest income and provisions for loan losses (as well as gains and/or
losses associated with fair value changes should we exercise the fair value
option) with respect to the credit card receivables held within our
securitization trusts; similarly, we will begin to separately report interest
expense (as well as gains and/or losses associated with fair value changes
should we exercise the fair value option) with respect to the debt issued from
the securitization trusts. Lastly, because we will account for our
securitization transactions under the new rules as secured borrowings rather
than asset sales, we will begin to present the cash flows from these
transactions as cash flows from financing activities, rather than as cash flows
from investing activities. If we do not exercise the fair value option noted
above, the rule changes are expected to be adverse for us because we would be
required to consolidate our receivables and include a loan loss reserve, which
likely would cause substantial reductions to our shareholders’ equity since this
accounting would ignore valuable interest-only (“I/O”) strip rights inherent
within the receivables.
Unless we obtain
a bank charter, we cannot issue credit cards other than through agreements with
banks. Because we do not have a bank charter, we currently cannot issue
credit cards other than through agreements with banks. Previously we applied for
permission to acquire a bank and our application was denied. Unless we obtain a
bank or credit card bank charter, we will continue to rely upon banking
relationships to provide for the issuance of credit cards to our customers. Even
if we obtain a bank charter, there may be restrictions on the types of credit
that it may extend. Our various issuing bank agreements have scheduled
expirations dates. If we are unable to extend or execute new agreements with our
issuing banks at the expirations of our current agreements with them, or if our
existing or new agreements with our issuing banks were terminated or otherwise
disrupted, there is a risk that we would not be able to enter into agreements
with an alternate provider on terms that we consider favorable or in a timely
manner without disruption of our business.
Historically,
a substantial portion of our receivables have been generated through accounts
owned by Columbus Bank and Trust, which has not been originating any new
accounts on our behalf for over two years and notified us that it is terminating
its relationship with us. In addition, Columbus Bank and Trust has refused to
provide us the portion of the proceeds that it received in connection with the
Visa® and
MasterCard®
initial public offerings that is attributable to the accounts that it originated
on our behalf. For a more complete discussion of the litigation pending between
Columbus Bank and Trust and us, see Part I, Item 3, “Legal Proceedings”
contained in our Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC for the year
ended December 31, 2008.
One of
our other bank partners recently was subject to actions brought by the FDIC, at
least in part as a result of the programs that it operates for our benefit and
is not currently issuing cards on our behalf. For a more complete
discussion of these actions, see Part I, Item 3, “Legal Proceedings”
contained in our Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC for the year
ended December 31, 2008.
We are party to
substantial litigation. As more fully discussed above, we are defendants
in a significant number of legal proceedings. This includes litigation relating
to our relationship with CB&T, securities class action litigation resulting
from the decline in our stock price, litigation relating to our payday lending
operations and other litigation customary for a business of our nature. In each
case we believe that we have meritorious defenses or that the positions that we
are asserting otherwise are correct. However, adverse outcomes are possible in
each of these matters, and we could decide to settle one or more of these
matters in order to avoid the cost of litigation or to obtain certainty of
outcome. Adverse outcomes or settlements of these matters could require us to
pay damages, make restitution, change our business practices or take other
actions at a level, or in a manner, that would adversely impact our
business.
We may not be
able to purchase charged-off receivables at sufficiently favorable prices or
terms for our debt collection operations to be successful. The
charged-off receivables that are acquired and serviced (or resold) by Jefferson
Capital, our debt collection subsidiary, have been deemed uncollectible and
written off by the originators. Jefferson Capital seeks to purchase charged-off
receivables portfolios only if it expects projected collections or prices
received for sales of such charged-off receivables to exceed its acquisition and
servicing costs. Accordingly, factors causing the acquisition price of targeted
portfolios to increase could reduce the ratio of collections (or sales prices
received) to acquisitions costs for a given portfolio, and thereby negatively
affect Jefferson Capital’s profitability. The availability of charged-off
receivables portfolios at favorable prices and on favorable terms depends on a
number of factors, including the continuation of the current growth and
charge-off trends in consumer receivables, our ability to develop and maintain
long-term relationships with key charged-off receivable sellers, our ability to
obtain adequate data to appropriately evaluate the collectibility of portfolios
and competitive factors affecting potential purchasers and sellers of
charged-off receivables, including pricing pressures, which may increase the
cost to us of acquiring portfolios
of
charged-off receivables and reduce our return on such portfolios.
Additionally,
sellers of charged-off receivables generally make numerous attempts to recover
on their non-performing receivables, often using a combination of their in-house
collection and legal departments as well as third-party collection agencies.
Charged-off receivables are difficult to collect, and we may not be successful
in collecting amounts sufficient to cover the costs associated with purchasing
the receivables and funding our Jefferson Capital operations.
The analytical
model we use to project credit quality may prove to be inaccurate. We
assess credit quality using an analytical model that we believe predicts the
likelihood of payment more accurately than traditional credit scoring models.
For instance, we have identified factors (such as delinquencies, defaults and
bankruptcies) that under some circumstances we weight differently than do other
credit providers. We believe our analysis enables us to better identify
consumers within the financially underserved market who are likely to be better
credit risks than otherwise would be expected. Similarly, we apply our
analytical model to entire portfolios in order to identify those that may be
more valuable than the seller or other potential purchasers might recognize.
There can be no assurance, however, that we will be able to achieve the
collections forecasted by our analytical model. If any of our assumptions
underlying our model proves materially inaccurate or changes unexpectedly, we
may not be able to achieve our expected levels of collection, and our revenues
will be reduced, which would result in a reduction of our earnings.
Because we
outsource account-processing functions that are integral to our business, any
disruption or termination of that outsourcing relationship could harm our
business. We outsource account and payment processing, and in 2008, we
paid Total System Services, Inc. $43.6 million for these services. If these
agreements were not renewed or were terminated or the services provided to us
were otherwise disrupted, we would have to obtain these services from an
alternative provider, such as First Data Resources, Inc., which currently
provides only limited account and payment processing for us. There is a risk
that we would not be able to enter into a similar agreement with an alternate
provider on terms that we consider favorable or in a timely manner without
disruption of our business.
If we obtain a
bank charter, any changes in applicable state or federal laws could adversely
affect our business. From time-to-time we have explored the possibility
of acquiring a bank or credit card bank. If we obtain a bank or credit card bank
charter, we will be subject to the various state and federal regulations
generally applicable to similar institutions, including restrictions on the
ability of the banking subsidiary to pay dividends to us. We are unable to
predict the effect of any future changes of applicable state and federal laws or
regulations, but such changes could adversely affect the bank’s business and
operations.
Internet security
breaches could damage our reputation and business. As part of our growth
strategy, we may expand our origination of credit card accounts over the
Internet. The secure transmission of confidential information over the Internet
is essential to maintaining consumer confidence in our products and services
offered online. Advances in computer capabilities, new discoveries or other
developments could result in a compromise or breach of the technology used by us
to protect customer application and transaction data transmitted over the
Internet. Security breaches could damage our reputation and expose us to a risk
of loss or litigation. Moreover, consumers generally are concerned with security
and privacy on the Internet, and any publicized security problems could inhibit
the growth of the Internet as a means of conducting commercial transactions. Our
ability to solicit new account holders over the Internet would be severely
impeded if consumers become unwilling to transmit confidential information
online.
Investments that
we make in the securities of others may be more risky and volatile than similar
assets owned by us. From time-to-time we have purchased debt and
securities of others, principally those issued by asset-backed securitization
trusts (e.g., notes secured or “backed” by pools of assets). These
securities in many cases are junior, including below investment grade, tranches
of securities issued by the trusts. The assets underlying these securities
are not originated by us and, accordingly, may not meet the underwriting
standards that we follow in originating receivables. Further, we do not
have direct control over the management of the underlying assets and, similarly,
they may not be managed as effectively as we would manage similar
assets. As a result, the securities in which we invest may carry higher
risks, including risks of higher delinquencies and charge offs, risks of
covenant violations and risks of value impairment due to the claims of more
senior securities issued by the trusts, than similar assets originated and owned
by us. These higher risks can cause much greater valuation volatility for
these securities than we typically have experienced and would expect to
experience on our holdings of securities underlying the trusts that we service.
And although these securities generally are traded in an active secondary
market, valuation volatility also can be expected to result from liquidity needs
that we might have in the future, including any need that we may have for quick
liquidity or to meet margin requirements related to our investments in these
securities should their prices decline. In turn, this could result in steep and
immediate impairments in the values of the securities as presented within our
financial statements and could cause our financial position and results of
operations to deteriorate, possibly materially. Most recently, we made these
investments through a subsidiary that was advised by United Capital Asset
Management LLC. We recorded losses on investments in securities (determined
without regard to interest income) of $6.6 million and $70.0 million during 2008
and 2007, respectively. These losses were the result of what we believe to be a
significant dislocation in the market for mortgage-related and other
asset-backed securities caused, in part, by leverage and liquidity constraints
facing many market participants. Subsequent to the end of our second quarter of
2008, we liquidated our remaining investments in third-party asset-backed
securities in response to margin calls; as such, we will not have any continuing
interest income or investment gains or losses associated with these particular
investments.
Risks
Relating to an Investment in Our Common Stock
The price of our
common stock may fluctuate significantly, and this may make it difficult for you
to resell your shares of our common stock when you want or at prices you find
attractive. The price of our common stock on the NASDAQ Global
Market constantly changes. We expect that the market price of our common stock
will continue to fluctuate. The market price of our common stock may fluctuate
in response to numerous factors, many of which are beyond our control. These
factors include the following:
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actual
or anticipated fluctuations in our operating
results;
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changes
in expectations as to our future financial performance, including
financial estimates by securities analysts and
investors;
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the
overall financing environment, which is critical to our
value;
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the
operating and stock performance of our competitors and other sub-prime
lenders;
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announcements
by us or our competitors of new products or services or significant
contracts, acquisitions, strategic partnerships, joint ventures or capital
commitments;
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changes
in interest rates;
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the
announcement of enforcement actions or investigations against us or our
competitors or other negative publicity relating to us or our
industry;
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changes
in accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of
America (“GAAP”), laws, regulations or the interpretations thereof that
affect our various business activities and
segments;
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general
domestic or international economic, market and political
conditions;
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additions
or departures of key personnel; and
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future
sales of our common stock and the share lending
agreement.
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In
addition, the stock markets from time to time experience extreme price and
volume fluctuations that may be unrelated or disproportionate to the operating
performance of companies. These broad fluctuations may adversely affect the
trading price of our common stock, regardless of our actual operating
performance.
Future sales of
our common stock or equity-related securities in the public market, including
sales of our common stock pursuant to share lending agreements or short sales
transactions by purchasers of convertible notes securities, could adversely
affect the trading price of our common stock and our ability to raise funds in
new stock offerings. Sales of significant amounts of our common stock or
equity-related securities in the public market, including sales pursuant to
share lending agreements, or the perception that such sales will occur, could
adversely affect prevailing trading prices of our common stock and could impair
our ability to raise capital through future offerings of equity or
equity-related securities. No prediction can be made as to the effect, if any,
that future sales of shares of common stock or the availability of shares of
common stock for future sale, including sales of our common stock in short sales
transactions by purchasers of our convertible notes, will have on the trading
price of our common stock.
We have the
ability to issue preferred shares, warrants, convertible debt and other
securities without shareholder approval. Our common shares may be
subordinate to classes of preferred shares issued in the future in the payment
of dividends and other distributions made with respect to common shares,
including distributions upon liquidation or dissolution. Our articles of
incorporation permit our board of directors to issue preferred shares without
first obtaining shareholder approval. If we issued preferred shares, these
additional securities may have dividend or liquidation preferences senior to the
common shares. If we issue convertible preferred shares, a subsequent conversion
may dilute the current common shareholders’ interest. We have similar abilities
to issue convertible debt, warrants and other equity securities.
Our executive
officers, directors and parties related to them, in the aggregate, control a
majority of our voting stock and may have the ability to control matters
requiring shareholder approval. Our executive officers, directors
and parties related to them own a large enough stake in us to have an influence
on, if not control of, the matters presented to shareholders. As a result, these
shareholders may have the ability to control matters requiring shareholder
approval, including the election and removal of directors, the approval of
significant corporate transactions, such as any reclassification,
reorganization, merger, consolidation or sale of all or substantially all of our
assets and the control of our management and affairs. Accordingly, this
concentration of ownership may have the effect of delaying, deferring or
preventing a change of control of us, impede a merger, consolidation, takeover
or other business combination involving us or discourage a potential acquirer
from making a tender offer or otherwise attempting to obtain control of us,
which in turn could have an adverse effect on the market price of our common
stock.
Note
Regarding Risk Factors
The risk
factors presented above are all of the ones that we currently consider material.
However, they are not the only ones facing our company. Additional risks not
presently known to us, or which we currently consider immaterial, may also
adversely affect us. There may be risks that a particular investor views
differently from us, and our analysis might be wrong. If any of the risks that
we face actually occur, our business, financial condition and operating results
could be materially adversely affected and could differ materially from any
possible results suggested by any forward-looking statements that we have made
or might make. In such case, the trading price of our common stock could
decline, and you could lose part or all of your investment. We expressly disclaim any obligation
to update or revise any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new
information, future events or otherwise, except as required by
law.
ITEM 6. EXHIBITS
Exhibit
Number
|
Description
of Exhibit
|
Incorporated
by reference from
CompuCredit
Holding’s SEC filings unless
otherwise
indicated:
|
||
3.1 |
Amended
and Restated Bylaws of CompuCredit Holdings Corporation
|
Filed
herewith
|
||
31.1 |
Certification
of Principal Executive Officer pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a).
|
Filed
herewith
|
||
31.2 |
Certification
of Principal Financial Officer pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a).
|
Filed
herewith
|
||
32.1 |
Certification
of Principal Executive Officer and Principal
Financial Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350.
|
Filed
herewith
|
Pursuant
to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has
duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto
duly authorized.
COMPUCREDIT
HOLDINGS CORPORATION
|
||
November
9, 2009
|
By
|
/s/
J.PAUL WHITEHEAD, III
|
J.Paul
Whitehead, III
|
||
Chief
Financial Officer
|
||
(duly
authorized officer and principal financial
officer)
|