Augmedix, Inc. - Quarter Report: 2021 September (Form 10-Q)

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

(Mark One)

☒ QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended September 30, 2021

OR

☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from _______ to _______

Commission File Number: 000-56036

AUGMEDIX, INC.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

(888) 669-4885

(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

N/A

(Former name, former address and former fiscal year, if changed since last report)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No ☒

There were 37,158,404 shares of the registrant’s common stock outstanding as of November 1, 2021.

AUGMEDIX, INC.

Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarterly period ended September 30, 2021

TABLE OF CONTENTS

PART I - FINANCIAL INFORMATION

ITEM 1. FINANCIAL STATEMENT (Unaudited)

Augmedix, Inc. and Subsidiaries   

Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets

(unaudited) 

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements.

Augmedix, Inc. and Subsidiaries

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss

(unaudited)

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements.

Augmedix, Inc. and Subsidiaries

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Convertible Preferred Stock and Changes in Stockholders’ (Deficit) Equity

(unaudited)

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements.

Augmedix, Inc. and Subsidiaries

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows

(unaudited) 

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements.

Augmedix, Inc.

Notes to Unaudited Interim Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

1. Organization and Nature of Business

Augmedix, Inc. (the “Company” or “Augmedix”) (formerly known as Malo Holdings Corporation) is a leading digital health platform that offers virtual medical documentation and live clinical support to large healthcare systems and physician practices, supporting medical offices, clinics, hospitals, emergency departments and telemedicine practices nationwide. The Company’s Ambient Automation Platform (“AAP”) converts the natural conversation between physicians and patients into timely and comprehensive medical notes and provides a suite of related services. The medical note is generated using Augmedix’s proprietary platform, which incorporates structured data models, automatic speech recognition (“ASR”) and natural language processing and is overseen by trained medical documentation specialists (“MDS”). Augmedix saves physicians up to 3 hours per day, improves productivity by as much as 20%, and increases satisfaction with work-life balance by over 40%.

Malo Holdings Corporation Merger

On October 5, 2020 (the “Effective Time”), pursuant to an Agreement and Plan of Merger and Reorganization dated October 5, 2020 (“Merger Agreement”) among the Company, its wholly-owned subsidiary, August Acquisition Corp., a Delaware corporation (“Acquisition Sub”) and Augmedix Operating Corporation (“Private Augmedix”), a privately-held Delaware corporation, Acquisition Sub merged with and into Private Augmedix, with Private Augmedix continuing as the surviving corporation (the “Merger”). Following the Merger, Private Augmedix became a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company.

Private Augmedix was incorporated in the state of Delaware in April 2013 and is headquartered in San Francisco, California. Private Augmedix has two wholly-owned subsidiaries, Augmedix BD Limited, established in February 2015, and Augmedix Solutions Pvt. Ltd., established in February 2019, which are entities formed in Bangladesh and India, respectively.

Liquidity and Going Concern

In accordance with Financial Accounting Standards (“FASB”) Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) No. 2014-15, Disclosure of Uncertainties about an Entity’s Ability to Continue as a Going Concern (Subtopic 205-40), the Company has evaluated whether there are conditions and events, considered in the aggregate, that raise substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern within one year after the date that the unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements are issued.

The Company has incurred recurring losses since its inception, including net losses of $2.9 million and $4.1 million for the three months ended September 30, 2021, and 2020, respectively, and $12.4 million and $11.8 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020, respectively. In addition, as of September 30, 2021, the Company had an accumulated deficit of $96.3 million. The Company has relied on debt and equity financing to fund operations to date and management expects losses and negative cash flows to continue, primarily as a result of continued sales and marketing efforts and investment in research and development. The Company believes its cash and restricted cash, along with the completed underwritten public offering on October 28, 2021 more fully disclosed in Note 13, will provide sufficient resources to meet working capital needs for over twelve months from the filing date of the September 30, 2021, Form 10-Q. Over the longer term, if the Company does not generate sufficient revenue from new and existing products, additional debt or equity financing may be required along with a reduction in expenditures. Additionally, there is no assurance if the Company requires additional future financing, that such financing will be available on terms which are acceptable to the Company, or at all.

Risks and Uncertainties

The Company is subject to a number of risks associated with companies at a similar stage, including dependence on key individuals, competition from similar products and larger companies, volatility of the industry, ability to obtain adequate financing to support growth, the ability to attract and retain additional qualified personnel to manage the anticipated growth of the Company, and general economic conditions.

In December 2019, a novel strain of coronavirus disease (“COVID-19”) was reported and in March 2020, the World Health Organization characterized COVID-19 as a global pandemic. The COVID-19 pandemic has forced international, federal, state, and local governments to enforce prohibitions of non-essential activities. The Company first saw the impact of COVID-19 in the first quarter of 2020. The extent and duration of the adverse impact of COVID-19 on the Company over the longer term remain uncertain and dependent on future developments that cannot be accurately predicted at this time, such as the severity and transmission rate of COVID-19, the extent and effectiveness of containment actions taken, including mobility restrictions, the timing, availability, and effectiveness of vaccines, and the impact of these and other factors on travel behavior in general and on the Company’s business. As a result, the Company took a number of actions in 2020 in response to adverse impacts on its consolidated operating results and financial condition, which included both temporary salary reductions and furloughs.

As the impact of COVID-19 continues to evolve, estimates and assumptions about future events and their effects cannot be determined with certainty and therefore require increased judgment. These estimates and assumptions may change in future periods and will be recognized in the consolidated financial statements as new events occur and additional information becomes known. To the extent the Company’s actual results differ materially from those estimates and assumptions, the Company’s future consolidated financial statements could be affected.

2. Basis of presentation and summary of significant accounting policies

Basis of Presentation and Principles of Consolidation

The accompanying unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements are presented in U.S. dollars and have been prepared in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”). Any reference in these notes to applicable guidance is meant to refer to the authoritative GAAP as found in the Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) and as amended by ASUs of the FASB. The accompanying unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Augmedix, Inc. and its wholly-owned subsidiaries, Augmedix Operating Corporation, Augmedix Bangladesh Limited and Augmedix Solutions Private Limited. All intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.

In the opinion of management, the accompanying unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements include all normal and recurring adjustments (which consist primarily of accruals, estimates and assumptions that impact the financial statements) considered necessary to present fairly the Company’s financial position as of September 30, 2021 and its results of operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020, cash flows for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020, and convertible preferred stock and stockholders’ (deficit) equity for the three and nine months ended September, 2021 and 2020. Operating results for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021, are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the full year ending December 31, 2021. The unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements, presented herein, do not contain the required disclosures under GAAP for annual consolidated financial statements. The condensed consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2020, has been derived from the audited consolidated balance sheet as of that date. The accompanying unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the annual audited consolidated financial statements and related notes as of and for the year ended December 31, 2020, included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K/A filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) on June 30, 2021.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of the unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the U.S. requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements, and reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting period. The Company’s significant estimates and judgments involve the identification of performance obligations in revenue recognition and the valuation of the warrant liability and stock-based compensation, including the underlying fair value of the preferred and common stock. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

Segment Information

Operating segments are defined as components of an enterprise about which separate discrete information is available for evaluation by the chief operating decision maker, or decision-making group, in deciding how to allocate resources and in assessing performance. The Company views its operations and manages its business in one segment.

Foreign Currency Transactions, Translations and Foreign Operations

The functional currency of the Bangladesh and India subsidiaries are the Bangladeshi Taka and Indian Rupee, respectively. All assets and liabilities denominated in each entity’s functional currency are translated into the U.S. Dollar using the exchange rate in effect as of the balance sheet dates. Expenses are translated using the weighted average exchange rate for the reporting period. The resulting translation gains and losses are recorded within the unaudited interim condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss and as a separate component of stockholders’ (deficit) equity. Foreign currency transaction gains and losses are recorded within other income (expense) in the accompanying unaudited interim condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss. Transaction gains and losses were not material for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021, and 2020.

Operations outside the United States are subject to risks inherent in operating under different legal systems and various political and economic environments. Among the risks are changes in existing tax laws, possible limitations on foreign investment and income repatriation, government price or foreign exchange controls, and restrictions on currency exchange.

Concentrations of Credit Risk and Major Customers

Financial instruments at September 30, 2021 and 2020 that potentially subject the Company to concentration of credit risk consist primarily of cash and accounts receivable.

The Company’s cash is deposited with major financial institutions in the U.S., Bangladesh and India. At times, deposits in financial institutions located in the U.S. may be in excess of the amount of insurance provided on such deposits by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC). Cash deposits at foreign financial institutions are not insured by government agencies of Bangladesh and India. To date, the Company has not experienced any losses on its cash deposits.

The Company’s accounts receivable are derived from revenue earned from customers located in the U.S. Major customers are defined as those generating revenue in excess of 10% of the Company’s annual revenue. The Company had three major customers during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021. Revenues from these major customers accounted for 23%, 20% and 12% of revenue for the three months ended September 30, 2021, and 24%, 21% and 11% of revenue for the nine months ended September 30, 2021. Accounts receivable from these customers totaled $0.3 million, $1.4 million, and $0.8 million, respectively, at September 30, 2021. The Company had three major customers during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020. Revenues from these major customers accounted for 30%, 20% and 10% of revenue for the three months ended September 30, 2020, and 29%, 19% and 10% of revenue for the nine months ended September 30, 2020. Accounts receivable from these customers totaled $0.9 million, $0.4 million and $0.3 million, respectively, at September 30, 2020.

Restricted Cash

Restricted cash represents amounts held on deposit at a commercial bank used to secure the Company’s credit card facility balances and to collateralize a letter of credit in the name of the Company’s landlord pursuant to a certain operating lease. The following table provides a reconciliation of the components of cash and restricted cash reported in the Company’s condensed consolidated balance sheets to the total of the amount presented in the condensed consolidated statements of cash flows:

Impairment of Long-Lived Assets

The Company reviews its long-lived assets for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. Recoverability of assets held and used is measured by comparison of the carrying amount of an asset to future net cash flows expected to be generated by the asset. If such assets are considered to be impaired, the impairment to be recognized is measured by the amount by which the carrying amount of the assets exceeds the fair value of the assets, less costs to sell. The Company did not record any expense related to asset impairment in 2021 or 2020.

Deferred Offering Costs

The Company capitalizes certain legal, professional, accounting and other third-party fees that are directly associated with in-process common equity financings as deferred offering costs until such financings are consummated (Note 13). After consummation of the equity financing, these costs are recorded as a reduction of additional paid-in capital generated as a result of such offering. Should an in-process equity financing be abandoned, the deferred offering costs will be expensed immediately as a charge to operating expenses in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss. At September 30, 2021, deferred offering costs were $0.2 million. There were no deferred offering costs at December 31, 2020.

 Revenue Recognition

ASC Topic 606 outlines a single comprehensive model to use in accounting for revenue arising from contracts with customers. The core principle, involving a five-step process, of the revenue model is that an entity recognizes revenue to depict the transfer of promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the entity expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services.

The Company derives its revenue through a recurring subscription model. The Company enters into contracts or agreements with its customers with a general initial term of one year. Customers are invoiced in advance and must generally pay an upfront implementation fee. The upfront implementation fee is deferred and recognized over the initial term of the contract and customer prepayments are deferred and included in the accompanying unaudited interim condensed consolidated balance sheets in deferred revenues. Revenues are recognized when the professional services are provided to the Company’s customers, in an amount that reflects the consideration the Company expects to be entitled to in exchange for those services. The Company’s revenues are earned from customers located only in the U.S. After the initial term, contracts are cancellable by the customer at their discretion with a 90 day notice.

The Company determines revenue recognition through the following steps:

Except for two U.S. state sales tax jurisdictions, applicable taxes, including local, sales, value added tax, etc., are the responsibility of the customer to self-assess and remit to proper tax authorities. Revenue is recognized net of any sales taxes.

The Company also generates revenue from data service projects, which includes projects to complete certain tasks or provide other services to customers. These services represent separate performance obligations which are recognized as revenue as the services are performed.

Deferred Revenue and Accounts Receivable

Changes in the contract liability deferred revenue account were as follows for the nine months ended September 30, 2021, and year ended December 31, 2020:

Accounts receivable, net from customers was $5.5 million and $2.7 million as of September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively. 

Deferred revenue consists of billings or payments received in advance of revenue recognized for the Company’s services, as described above, and is recognized as revenue as earned. As of September 30, 2021, the Company expects to recognize $5.7 million from remaining performance obligations over the next 12 months.  

Stock-Based Compensation

The Company measures and recognizes compensation expense for all stock options awarded to employees and nonemployees based on the estimated fair value of the award on the grant date. The fair value of each option award is estimated using either a Black-Scholes option-pricing model or a Monte Carlo simulation, to the extent market conditions exist. The Company recognizes compensation expense on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period, which is generally the vesting period of the award. The Company accounts for forfeitures of stock options as they occur.

Estimating the fair market value of options requires the input of subjective assumptions, including the estimated fair value of the Company’s common stock prior to the Merger (Note 1), the expected life of the options, stock price volatility, the risk-free interest rate, expected dividends, and the probability of satisfying the market condition for market-condition based awards. The assumptions used in the valuation models represent management’s best estimates and involve a number of variables, uncertainties and assumptions and the application of management’s judgment, as they are inherently subjective.

Advertising Costs

All advertising costs are expensed as incurred and included in sales and marketing expenses. In April 2021, the Company issued 120,000 shares of common stock with a fair value of $0.6 million to a service provider as payment for advertising services to be performed over a one-year period. As of September 30, 2021, the remaining unamortized advertising costs of $0.4 million is included in prepaid expenses and other current assets. Advertising expenses incurred by the Company were $0.3 million and $39,000 for the three months ended September 30, 2021, and 2020, respectively, and $0.7 million and $77,000 for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020, respectively.

Net Loss Per Share

Basic net loss per share of common stock is computed by dividing net loss by the weighted average number of common stock outstanding during each period. Diluted net loss per common stock includes the effect, if any, from the potential exercise or conversion of securities, such as options and warrants which would result in the issuance of incremental common stock. In computing basic and diluted net loss per share, the weighted average number of shares is the same for both calculations due to the fact that a net loss existed for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021, and 2020.

The following potentially dilutive securities have been excluded from the computation of diluted weighted-average shares of common stock outstanding, as they would be anti-dilutive:

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

In February 2016, the FASB issued ASC Topic 842, Leases, (“Topic 842”). This standard requires all entities that lease assets with terms of more than 12 months to capitalize the assets and related liabilities on the balance sheet. In June 2020, the FASB issued ASU 2020-05, which amended the effective date of Topic 842 until January 1, 2022. Upon adoption, the standard requires the use of a modified retrospective transition approach for its adoption. The Company is currently evaluating the effect Topic 842 will have on its consolidated financial statements and related disclosures. Management expects the assets leased under operating leases, similar to the leases disclosed in Note 10 to the unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements, will be capitalized together with the related lease obligations on the condensed consolidated balance sheet upon the adoption of Topic 842.

In August 2020, the FASB issued ASU Update No. 2020-06, Debt - Debt with Conversion and Other Options (Subtopic 470-20) and Derivatives and Hedging - Contracts in Entity’s Own Equity (Subtopic 815-40): Accounting for Convertible Instruments and Contracts in an Entity’s Own Equity. The goal of the ASU is to simplify the complexity associated with applying GAAP for certain financial instruments with characteristics of liabilities and equity. More specifically, the amendments focus on the guidance for convertible instruments and derivative scope exception for contracts in an entity’s own equity. The new standard is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2021, including interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption is permitted, but no earlier than fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2020, including interim periods within those fiscal years. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of adoption to the consolidated financial statements.

In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-13, Financial Instruments - Credit Losses, which requires financial assets measured at amortized cost basis to be presented at the net amount expected to be collected. This standard is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2022, and early adoption is permitted. The Company does not intend on early adopting but is currently evaluating the impact of this standard but does not expect it to have a material impact on its consolidated financial statements upon adoption.

3. Malo Holdings Corporation Merger

As described in Note 1, Private Augmedix merged with the Malo Holdings Corporation (“Malo”) in October 2020. The Merger was accounted for as a reverse recapitalization with Private Augmedix as the accounting acquirer. This determination was primarily based on the fact that subsequent to the Merger, Private Augmedix stockholders have a majority of the voting power of the combined company, Private Augmedix comprises all of the ongoing operations of the combined entity, and Private Augmedix’s senior management comprises all of the senior management of the combined company. The primary pre-combination asset of Malo was cash. Under reverse recapitalization accounting, the assets and liabilities of Malo were recorded at their historical cost and no goodwill or intangible assets were recognized.

As part of the reverse recapitalization, the Company obtained approximately $4,000 of cash and assumed payables and accruals of approximately $56,000, of which $50,000 was paid at closing. Additionally, transaction costs of approximately $0.8 million consisting of legal, accounting, financial advisory and other professional fees were incurred and included in accumulated deficit as of December 31, 2020.

4. Fair Value Measurements

Fair Value of Financial Instruments

The carrying amounts of cash, restricted cash, accounts receivable, prepaid expenses, accounts payable, and customer deposits approximate fair value due to their short-term nature. As of September 30, 2021, the fair value of the Company’s loan payable was $16.1 million. As of September 30, 2021, the carrying value of the Company loan payable was $14.7 million. The estimated fair value for the Company’s loan payable was based on discounted expected future cash flows using prevailing interest rates which are Level 3 inputs under the fair value hierarchy.

5. Property and Equipment, net  

Property and equipment, net consists of the following:

The Company recorded depreciation and amortization expense of $0.2 million during each of the three months ended September 30, 2021, and 2020 and $0.5 million and $0.6 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020, respectively.

6. Accrued expenses and other current liabilities

Accrued expenses and other current liabilities consists of the following:

7. Debt

Note Payable

In June 2015, the Company entered into a loan and security agreement, as amended, (“Agreement”) with a commercial bank. The Agreement allowed for borrowings of up to $3.5 million. Outstanding borrowings under the Agreement bore interest at the prime rate of interest plus 0.5%, or 3.62% at December 31, 2020. This note payable was paid in full in March 2021 with the proceeds from the Loan Agreement and the restriction on the Company’s cash was lifted. Prior to repayment, the Company was required to maintain at least $2.0 million in an account with and under the control of the commercial bank, that reduced in line with the loan balance once the loan balance declined below $2.0 million. As of December 31, 2020, the outstanding balance due on the note payable was $2.9 million.

Outstanding borrowings under the Agreement were secured by substantially all assets of the Company, and the Company was required to maintain certain financial and non-financial covenants. The Company was in compliance with all covenants at December 31, 2020.

In October 2018, in connection with the issuance of Series A convertible preferred stock (Note 8), the Company cancelled warrants previously issued to the commercial bank and issued in its place warrants to purchase 234 and 91 shares of common stock. The warrants have an exercise price of $96.24 per share and $106.17 per share, are immediately exercisable and expire in June 2025 and July 2027, respectively.

Subordinated Note Payable

In May 2017, the Company entered into a loan and security agreement, as amended, (“Sub Agreement”) with a lending institution for borrowings of up to $10.0 million. Outstanding borrowings under the Sub Agreement bore interest at the rate of 12% per year. Pursuant to the Sub Agreement, a final payment of $0.7 million was payable at the maturity date in April 2023. The Company recorded the final payment as both a discount and an increase to the principal amount of the debt. The Company also capitalized certain lender and legal costs associated with the Sub Agreement totaling $0.3 million, which were recorded as a discount to the Sub Agreement. The aggregate discount of $1.2 million was being amortized to interest expense over the repayment term of the Sub Agreement. At December 31, 2020, the remaining unamortized discount was $0.2 million. The Company amortized $0 and $83,000 of the discount to interest expense during the three months ended September 30, 2021, and 2020, respectively, and $34,000 and $0.2 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2021, and 2020, respectively.

Borrowings under the Sub Agreement were paid in full in March 2021 with the proceeds from the Loan Agreement. As a result, the Company recorded a loss on debt extinguishment within interest expense totaling $0.2 million, which includes writing off the remaining unamortized debt discount of $0.2 million plus lender fees paid to extinguish the debt.

Outstanding borrowings under the Sub Agreement were collateralized by substantially all assets of the Company and were subordinate to any outstanding borrowings under the Agreement. Borrowings under the Sub Agreement were subject to certain financial and non-financial covenants. The Company was in compliance with all covenants at December 31, 2020.

Paycheck Protection Program (PPP Loan)

On April 11, 2020, the Company entered into an original loan agreement with East West Bank as the lender for a loan in an aggregate principal amount of $2.2 million (“PPP Loan”) pursuant to the Paycheck Protection Program under the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act (“CARES Act”) and implemented by the U.S. Small Business Administration. The PPP Loan matures in two years and bears interest at a rate of 1% per year, with all payments deferred through the six-month anniversary of the date of the PPP Loan. Principal plus accrued unpaid interest is to be paid in one payment two years after the date of this note and may be prepaid by the Company at any time prior to maturity without penalty. The Company may apply for forgiveness of amounts due under the PPP Loan, with the amount of potential loan forgiveness to be calculated in accordance with the requirements of the CARES Act based on payroll costs, any mortgage interest payments, any covered rent payments and any covered utilities payments during the 8-24 week period after the origination date of the Loan. The Company used proceeds of the Loan for payroll and other qualifying expenses.

On November 19, 2020, the Company applied for forgiveness of the full principal amount. On August 9, 2021, the Company received notification that the full amount of the PPP Loan and accrued interest was forgiven. As a result, the Company recorded a gain from the forgiveness of the PPP Loan in the condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss during the three months ended September 30, 2021.

Loan and Security Agreement

On March 25, 2021, the Company entered into a Loan and Security Agreement (the “Loan Agreement”) with Eastward Fund Management, LLC, as the lender (“Lender”) to establish a loan facility which provides for borrowings in the aggregate principal amount of up to $17.0 million, which are available to be drawn in two tranches. The first tranche of $15.0 million was funded on March 31, 2021. The second tranche of $2.0 million is available, at the Company’s request, between October 30, 2021, and November 30, 2021, provided the Company achieves at least $6.0 million in revenue and a maximum EBITDA loss of $4.8 million, in each case for the third fiscal quarter of 2021. Outstanding borrowings under the Loan Agreement are secured by a first priority lien on substantially all of the personal property assets of the Company, including the Company’s intellectual property. The Company is required to pay only interest during the first 18 months after funding of the tranche and thereafter, the Company shall repay such loan amount in 30 consecutive equal monthly installments of principal plus accrued interest. The loan facility bears an annual interest rate of the prime rate as published in the Wall Street Journal, subject to a floor 3.25%, plus 8.75%. On the final repayment date, Company is also obligated to pay a final payment fee equal to seven and one-half percent (7.5%) of the amount of the applicable advance.

As of September 30, 2021, the outstanding balance on the loan has been classified as a long-term liability in the loan payable in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheet.

At September 30, 2021, the future minimum payments required under the Loan Agreement, including the final payment, are as follows as of (in thousands):

In connection with the Loan Agreement, the Company issued the Lender warrants with a fair value of $0.4 million, which was recorded as a discount to the loan, to purchase up to 346,500 shares (increasing to 392,700 shares upon funding of the second tranche) of common stock that were immediately vested upon funding with an exercise price of $3.00 per share and a term of the earlier of i) March 24, 2031 and ii) the third anniversary of the Company’s listing on Nasdaq. The warrants also provide that any shares issued pursuant to the warrants are entitled to the registration rights afforded to holders of the Company’s stock, all as set forth in those certain outstanding Registration Rights Agreement dated as of October 5, 2020.

The Company recorded the final payment of $1.1 million as both a discount and an increase to the principal amount of the debt. The Company also capitalized certain lender and legal costs associated with the Loan Agreement totaling $0.2 million, which were recorded as a discount to the loan. The aggregate discount of $1.8 million is being amortized to interest expense over the repayment term of the Loan and Security Agreement. The Company amortized $0.1 million and $0.3 million of the discount to interest expense during the three months and nine months ended September 30, 2021, respectively. At September 30, 2021, the remaining unamortized discount was $1.4 million.

The Company and Lender also entered into a Co-Investment Agreement, which grants to the Lender and its affiliates a right to purchase in the Company’s future private equity financings up to a total $3.0 million (if the Company only draws the first tranche) or $3.4 million (if the Company draws the second tranche) at the same per share purchase price and terms as other investors in such private equity financings.

8. Common Stock, Preferred Stock and Convertible Preferred Stock

Common Stock

The Company is authorized to issue 500,000,000 shares of common stock with a par value of $0.0001 per share. Each share of common stock entitles the holder to one vote on all matters submitted to a vote of the Company’s stockholders. Subject to preferences that may apply to any outstanding preferred stock, holders of common stock are entitled to receive ratably any dividends that the Company’s board of directors may declare out of funds legally available for that purpose on a non-cumulative basis. No dividends had been declared through September 30, 2021.

In connection with the Merger, as discussed in Note 1, the Company issued 2,166,667 shares of common stock to the former shareholders of Malo Holdings Corporation. The Company paid $0.6 million to several unaccredited investors of Private Augmedix in lieu of issuing shares. As of September 30, 2021, the Company accrued $7,000 for remaining payments to be made to unaccredited investors in lieu of issuing shares.

Common Stock Warrants

At September 30, 2021, the Company had the following warrants outstanding to acquire shares of its common stock:

Preferred Stock

The Company is authorized to issue 10,000,000 shares of preferred stock with a par value of $0.0001 per share. The Company’s board of directors are authorized, subject to limitations prescribed by Delaware law, to issue preferred stock in one or more series, to establish from time to time the number of shares to be included in each series, and to fix the designation, powers, preferences, and rights of the shares of each series. As of September 30, 2021, there were no shares of preferred stock issued or outstanding.

Convertible Preferred Stock

In February 2020, Private Augmedix raised $0.5 million in cash proceeds through issuance of 173,752 shares of Series B to certain existing shareholders and warrants to purchase up to 57,338 shares of Series B at a price of $2.88 per share, are immediately exercisable and expire in September 2029. The proceeds were first allocated to the warrant liability based on an initial fair value of $0.1 million with a corresponding amount recorded as a reduction in the carrying amount of the Series B. Private Augmedix incurred issuance costs of $4,000, which were recorded as a reduction of the proceeds.

In connection with the Merger, as discussed in Note 1, the Company issued 14,804,274 shares of its common stock to holders of convertible preferred stock of Private Augmedix. No convertible preferred securities were outstanding as of September 30, 2021, and December 31, 2020.

Series B Convertible Preferred Stock Warrants

In August 2019, in connection with amending its Sub Agreement (Note 7), the Company issued a warrant to purchase 580,383 shares of Series B. In September and October 2019, in connection with the Series B financing and the conversion of convertible promissory notes, the Company issued warrants to purchase 2,130,115 shares of Series B. In February 2020, in connection with the Series B financing, the Company issued warrants to purchase 57,338 shares of Series B. The warrants were classified as liabilities and subject to re-remeasurement at each balance sheet date. At the Effective Time of the Merger, the warrants to purchase shares of Series B were converted to warrants to purchase 2,767,836 shares of common stock at a price of $2.88 per share, are immediately exercisable and expire in September 2029. Upon completing the exchange, the warrants were eligible for equity classification and no longer subject to re-measurement.

9. Equity Incentive Plan

At the Effective Time of the Merger, the Company assumed Private Augmedix’s 2013 Equity Incentive Plan (“2013 Plan”). Options granted under the Plan may be incentive stock options (“ISOs”), non-qualified stock options (“NSOs”), stock appreciation rights (“SARs”), restricted stock awards (“RSAs”) and restricted stock units (“RSUs”). ISOs may be granted only to Company employees and directors. NSOs, SARs and RSAs may be granted to employees, directors, advisors and consultants. The Board of Directors has the authority to determine to whom options will be granted, the number of options, the term, and the exercise price. No shares of restricted stock, no stock appreciation rights and no RSUs were granted under the 2013 Plan after August 31, 2020.

Pursuant to the Merger, the Company adopted the 2020 Equity Incentive Plan (“2020 Plan”) which serves as successor to the 2013 Plan. The 2020 Plan authorizes the award of stock options, restricted stock awards, stock appreciation rights, restricted stock units, performance awards, cash awards, and stock bonus awards. Certain awards provide for accelerated vesting in the event of a change in control. Options issued may have a contractual life of up to 10 years and may be exercisable in cash or as otherwise determined by the Board of Directors. Vesting generally occurs over a period of not greater than four years.

The number of shares reserved for issuance under the 2020 Plan will increase automatically on January 1, 2021 through 2030 by the number of shares equal to the lesser of 5% of the total number of outstanding shares of our common stock as of the immediately preceding January 1, or a number as may be determined by the Board of Directors. As of September 30, 2021, 454,838 shares remained available for grant under the 2020 Plan. At the Company’s annual meeting of stockholders held on July 1, 2021, the Company’s stockholders approved of an amendment and restatement of the 2020 Plan which increased the number of shares of common stock available for issuance under the 2020 Plan by 643,761 shares.

The Company recorded share-based compensation expense in the following expense categories in the condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021, and 2020:

No income tax benefits have been recognized in the condensed consolidated statements of operations for stock-based compensation arrangements and no stock-based compensation costs have been capitalized as property and equipment through September 30, 2021.

The fair value of options is estimated using the Black-Scholes option pricing model which takes into account inputs such as the exercise price, the value of the underlying ordinary shares at the grant date, expected term, expected volatility, risk free interest rate and dividend yield. The fair value of each grant of options during the nine months ended September 30, 2021, was determined using the methods and assumptions discussed below.

For the nine months ended September 30, 2021, and 2020, the fair value of options granted was estimated using a Black-Scholes option pricing model with the following weighted average assumptions:

The weighted average grant date fair value of stock option awards granted was $1.61 and $0.10 during the nine months ended September 30, 2021, and 2020, respectively.

The following table summarizes stock option activity under the Plan for the nine months ended September 30, 2021:

There were 180,405 options exercised during the nine months ended September 30, 2021. The options exercised during the nine months ended September 30, 2021, had an intrinsic value of $0.6 million. The aggregate intrinsic value of options outstanding and options exercisable as of September 30, 2021, were $23.3 million and $14.1 million, respectively. At September 30, 2021, future stock-based compensation for options granted and outstanding of $2.6 million will be recognized over a remaining weighted-average requisite service period of 2.6 years.

Performance and Market-Based Options

In March 2021, the Company granted 727,922 stock options to the Chief Executive Officer (“CEO”) under the 2020 Plan with an exercise price of $3.00 per share. The options vest based on the CEO’s continued service in addition to the following terms:

The grant date fair value of the options was determined using a Monte Carlo simulation model. The Company’s assumptions for expected volatility, closing price and risk-free rate were 50.0%, $3.00 and 0.77%, respectively. The aggregate estimated fair value of the options was $0.4 million. The Company recognized $22,000 and $38,000 in share-based expenses for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021, respectively. As of September 30, 2021, there was $0.1 million of unrecognized compensation costs which the Company plans to recognize over a weighted average period of 2.3 years. Also, as of September 30, 2021, there is an additional $0.2 million of unrecognized compensation cost which the Company will begin to recognize over a weighted average period of 4.4 years beginning on the date the Company is listed on the Nasdaq (Note 13). If the market conditions are achieved, any remaining unrecognized compensation cost associated with those options will be immediately recognized.

10. Commitments and Contingencies

Operating Leases

The Company leases its office facilities in San Francisco, California under non-cancelable operating lease agreements that expire at various dates through February 2025. In addition, the Company’s subsidiary has several operating lease agreements for office space in Bangladesh, which expire at various dates through December 2028. The Bangladesh lease agreements allow for early cancellation without penalty upon providing the landlord advance notice of at least six months. Under the terms of the operating lease agreements, the Company is responsible for certain insurance and maintenance expenses. Certain of the lease agreements contain scheduled rent increases and provide for rent-free months over the term of the leases. The related rent expense for the leases is calculated on a straight-line basis with the difference between rent expense and scheduled rent payments recorded as deferred rent. Rent expense was $0.2 million during each of the three months ended September 30, 2021, and 2020, and $0.5 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020.

As of September 30, 2021, future minimum rental payments under all non-cancelable operating leases are as follows:

Cloud Computing Services

In June 2021, the Company entered into a noncancellable three-year contract to obtain cloud computing services. The minimum contractual spend over the three-year term is $1.8 million. As of September 30, 2021, the Company has spent approximately $0.1 million against this contract.

Legal

In the normal course of business, the Company may receive inquiries or become involved in legal disputes regarding various litigation matters. In the opinion of management, any potential liabilities resulting from such claims would not have a material adverse effect on the Company’s condensed consolidated interim financial position or results of operations. As a result, no liability related to such claims has been recorded at September 30, 2021 or 2020, respectively.

Indemnification Agreements

From time to time, in the normal course of business, the Company may indemnify other parties when it enters into contractual relationships, including members of the Board of Directors, employees, customers, lessors and parties to other transactions with the Company. The Company may agree to hold other parties harmless against specific losses, such as those that could arise from a breach of representation, covenant or third-party infringement claims. It may not be possible to determine the maximum potential amount of liability under such indemnification agreements due to the unique facts and circumstances that are likely to be involved in each particular claim and indemnification provision. Management believes any liability arising from these agreements will not be material to the unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements. As a result, no liability for these agreements has been recorded at September 30, 2021 or 2020.

11. Related Party Transactions

Operating Leases

In 2015, the Bangladesh subsidiary entered into agreements to rent office facilities under 10-year operating lease agreements (Note 10), with a company owned by relatives of the Company’s Director and Chief Strategy Officer. The Company paid $0.1 million to the related party during each of the three months ended September 30, 2021, and 2020, and $0.3 million to the related party during each of the nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020, which is included as rent expense. At September 30, 2021 and 2020, the amounts owed to the related party were $4,000 and $0, respectively.

12. Employee Benefit Plan

The Company has a 401(k) plan to provide defined contribution retirement benefits for all eligible employees. Participants may contribute a portion of their compensation to the 401(k) plan, subject to the limitations under the Internal Revenue Code. The Company’s contributions to the 401(k) plan are at the discretion of the Board of Directors. During the three months ended September 30, 2021, and 2020 the Company made contributions of $25,000 and $17,000, respectively, and $80,000 and $63,000 for the nine months ended September 30, 2021, and 2020, respectively, to the 401(k) plan.

13. Subsequent Events

Management has evaluated subsequent events occurring after September 30, 2021, through November 9, 2021, the date the unaudited condensed consolidated interim financial statements were issued.

Stock Option Grants

In October 2021, the Company granted 94,500 stock options and 32,300 stock appreciation rights with a weighted average exercise price of $5.38.

Underwritten Public Offering

On October 28, 2021, the Company completed its underwritten public offering, at which time the Company issued an aggregate of 10,000,000 shares of its common stock at a price of $4.00 per share. In addition, the Company granted the underwriters a 30-day option to purchase up to an additional 1,500,000 shares of its common stock at a price of $4.00 per share. This option has not been exercised. The Company received net proceeds of approximately $36.8 million, after deducting underwriting discounts and commissions of $3.2 million and other offering expenses of $0.4 million.

Gratuity Fund

Effective October 2021, the Company established a retirement fund for its permanent employees named Augmedix BD Limited Employees’ Gratuity Fund as per local requirements. Employees will be entitled to cash benefit after completion of minimum five years of service with the company. The payment amount will be calculated on the basic pay and is payable at the rate of one month’s basic pay for every completed year of service. The Company estimates it will fund approximately $0.5 million as early as the fourth quarter or early in the first quarter 2022 as its initial funding.

ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS.

The following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations, as well as other sections in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, should be read together with the unaudited interim condensed financial statements and related notes included elsewhere in Item 1 of Part I of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and with the audited consolidated financial statements and the related notes included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K/A for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2020, as filed with the SEC on June 30, 2021.

CAUTIONARY NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q contains “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the Securities Act, and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, or the Exchange Act. Forward-looking statements relate to, among others, our plans, objectives and expectations for our business, operations and financial performance and condition, and can be identified by terminology such as “may,” “should,” “expect,” “intend,” “plan,” “anticipate,” “believe,” “estimate,” “predict,” “will,” “could,” “project,” “target,” “potential,” “continue” and similar expressions that do not relate solely to historical matters. Forward-looking statements are based on management’s belief and assumptions and on information currently available to management. Although we believe that the expectations reflected in forward-looking statements are reasonable, such statements involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors that may cause our actual results, performance or achievements to be materially different from any future results, performance or achievements expressed or implied by forward-looking statements.

Forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to, statements about:

We have based these forward-looking statements largely on our current expectations and projections about future events and trends that we believe may affect our financial condition, operating results, business strategy, short-term and long-term business operations and objectives, and financial needs. These forward-looking statements are subject to a number of risks, uncertainties, and assumptions, including those described in the section titled “Risk Factors” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K/A for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2020. Moreover, we operate in a very competitive and rapidly changing environment. New risks emerge from time to time. It is not possible for our management to predict all risks, nor can we assess the impact of all factors on our business or the extent to which any factor, or combination of factors, may cause actual results to differ materially from those contained in any forward-looking statements we may make. In light of these risks, uncertainties, and assumptions, the future events and trends discussed in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q may not occur and actual results could differ materially and adversely from those anticipated or implied in the forward-looking statements.

You should not rely upon forward-looking statements as predictions of future events. The events and circumstances reflected in the forward-looking statements may not be achieved or occur. Although we believe that the expectations reflected in the forward-looking statements are reasonable, we cannot guarantee future results, performance, or achievements. We undertake no obligation to update any of these forward-looking statements for any reason after the date of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q or to conform these statements to actual results or revised expectations, except as required by law.

You should read this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and the documents that we reference herein with the understanding that our actual future results, performance, and events and circumstances may be materially different from what we expect.

Overview

Augmedix was incorporated in 2013 and launched its commercial real-time, virtual documentation services in 2014.

Augmedix, Inc. (the “Company” or “Augmedix”) (formerly known as Malo Holdings Corporation) is a leading digital health platform that offers virtual medical documentation and live clinical support to large healthcare systems and physician practices, supporting medical offices, clinics, hospitals, emergency departments and telemedicine practices nationwide. The Company’s Ambient Automation Platform (“AAP”) converts the natural conversation between physicians and patients into timely and comprehensive medical notes and provides a suite of related services. The medical note is generated using Augmedix’s proprietary platform, which incorporates structured data models, automatic speech recognition (“ASR”) and natural language processing and is overseen by trained medical documentation specialists (“MDS”). Augmedix saves physicians up to 3 hours per day, improves productivity by as much as 20%, and increases satisfaction with work-life balance by over 40%.

Augmedix offers two service options - Augmedix Live or Augmedix Notes - to support a wide variety of clinical needs. When clinicians choose to use Augmedix Live, documentation support is in real-time and a suite of live interactive features is turned on for the clinician including orders, referrals and care reminders. In contrast, Augmedix Notes is an asynchronous service and the clinician-patient’s ambient interaction is recorded and processed by the AAP before the clinician’s next shift. For both services, the relevant elements of the clinician-patient interaction are extracted and compiled into a comprehensive and accurate medical note that is then uploaded into the patient’s chart contained within the electronic health record system, which is a third-party software licensed by the healthcare clinic or system to manage patient charts.

Patient care in the U.S. is provided in ambulatory or clinical environments and hospitals. We focus most of our efforts in the ambulatory/clinical segment of the patient care market, although we recently started offering services into the emergency department of hospitals. Roughly 85% of the physicians who subscribe to our service are employed directly by, or are affiliated with, a healthcare enterprise. The remaining 15% consists of small practices and individual practitioners.

We have generated in excess of five million medical notes since we began offering our service and are currently delivering approximately 35,000 notes to our customers each week. We estimate that our solution saves doctors two to three hours each day which is time that they can redeploy to see more patients or improve their work-life balance. We believe the benefits to healthcare enterprises are increased productivity and higher clinician and patient satisfaction.

The current COVID-19 pandemic and resulting safety protocols have prompted a significant shift towards delivering health services virtually via telemedicine. Our technology platform was designed to enable real time, two-way communication between remotely-located participants. As such, we were able to continue to provide uninterrupted service to our customers. We believe telemedicine will remain an important part of health services delivery even after the end of the COVID-19 pandemic.

We provide service from nine MDS Operations Centers across four countries – the US, Bangladesh, India and Sri Lanka. There are six centers in India and one center in Sri Lanka that are owned and operated by five independent third parties (the “Vendors”), while the two centers in the US and Bangladesh are wholly-owned and operated by us.

The COVID-19 pandemic has also required modifications to how we deliver our service. While our general business model is to provide MDS service from central operating centers, local shelter in place orders have required us to shift to work-from-home for all employees and contracted employees. We will continue our work from home model until local conditions remove workplace restrictions and employees can safely work from our central operations centers. We instituted additional system controls to ensure compliance with our privacy practices.

Our technology vision is to automate as much of the medical note creation process as possible by applying intelligent automation. While the unstructured nature of a conversation between physician and patient places inherent limitations on how much note creation can ultimately be automated, we believe automation, even if partial, could generate significant benefits including improved operating efficiencies, higher-quality medical notes and a more uniform level of note quality.

Key metrics

We regularly review the following key metrics to measure our performance, identify trends affecting our business, formulate financial projections, make strategic business decisions and assess working capital needs.

Average Clinicians in Service Headcount: We define a clinician in service as an individual doctor, nurse practitioner or other healthcare professional using our services. We average the month end number of clinicians in service for all months in the measurement period and the number of clinicians in service at the end of the month immediately preceding the measurement period. We believe growth in the average number of clinicians in service is a key indicator of the performance of our business as it demonstrates our ability to penetrate the market and grow our business. Most of our customer contracts contain minimum service levels that range from a low of 60 hours per month to a high of 200 hours per month. Higher hours per month equate to higher revenue per clinician. The average number of clinicians in service stood at 784 and 552 for the three months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020, respectively, and 706 and 542 for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020, respectively.

Average Annual Revenue Per Clinician: Average revenue per clinician is determined as total revenue, excluding Data Services revenue, recognized during the period presented divided by the average number of clinicians in service during that same period. Using the number of clinicians in service at the end of each month, we derive an average number of clinicians in service for the periods presented. The average annual revenue per clinician will vary based upon minimum hours of service requested by clinicians, pricing, and our product mix. The average annual revenue per clinician decreased to $28,300 in the three months ended September 30, 2021, down 6% from $30,100 in the three months ended September 30, 2020, due to a higher mix of Notes clinicians. The average annual revenue per clinician decreased to $29,000 in the nine months ended September 30, 2021, down 0.3% from $29,100 in the nine months ended September 30, 2020, due the increase in mix in Notes clinicians in this nine month period versus a year ago, as revenue from Notes clinicians averages less than half the revenue from Live clinicians, offset by a reduction in service hours by clinicians caused by COVID-19 from March to June 2020.

Dollar-Based Net Revenue Retention: We define a “Health Enterprise” as a company or network of doctors that has at least 50 clinicians currently employed or affiliated that could utilize our services. Dollar-based net revenue retention is determined as the revenue from Health Enterprises as of twelve months prior to such period end as compared to revenue from these same Health Enterprises as of the current period end, or current period revenue. Current period revenue includes any expansion or new products and is net of contraction or churn over the trailing twelve months but excludes revenue from new Health Enterprises in the current period. We believe growth in dollar-based net revenue retention is a key indicator of the performance of our business as it demonstrates our ability to increase revenue across our existing customer base through expansion of users and products, as well as our ability to retain existing customers. Our annual dollar-based net revenue retention increased to 122% in three months ended September 30, 2021 from 113% in three months ended September 30, 2020 with the increase driven by strong growth at several key accounts. Growth from existing clients has historically represented a majority of our total revenue growth. Our annual dollar-based net revenue retention was up slightly at 121% in nine months ended September 30, 2021 compared to 117% in nine months ended September 30, 2020, as we cycled the impact of COVID-19. 

Components of Results of Operations

Revenues

Our revenues primarily consist of service fees we charge customers to subscribe to our virtual medical documentation and clinical support solutions. We generate subscription fees pursuant to contracts that typically have initial terms of one year, automatically renew after the initial term and are subject to a 90-day cancellation notice after the initial one year term. Customer attrition, as it pertains to our Enterprise clients, is infrequent. In fiscal 2019, 2018, and 2017, we did not lose any of our Health Enterprise clients nor have we lost any year to date in 2021. We lost three Health Enterprise clients in fiscal 2020, with the COVID-19 pandemic being the main contributing factor for these losses, but we also won three new Health Enterprise clients during the year. Subscription revenue is driven primarily by the number of clinicians using our services, the minimum number of hours contracted per month, and the contracted monthly price. We typically invoice customers one to three months in advance for subscriptions to our services. For customers who use more than the minimum number of monthly hours, we have the ability to bill for the additional hours utilized at a prescribed contractual price. We also perform upfront implementation services such as ensuring adequate Wi-Fi capability of the clinician’s facilities, shipping devices and accessories to the clinician, testing, selecting and assigning MDSs, obtaining EHR credentials for the MDSs and clinician orientation. Revenues associated with implementation efforts are deferred until we go live with our service and then recognized ratably over the initial term of the contract, which is typically one year. 

Cost of Revenues and Gross Profit

Cost of Revenues. Our cost of revenues primarily consists of the cost of the MDSs, some of whom are employees of our Vendors and some of whom are our employees, their direct supervisors, and clinician and technical support. Cost of revenues also consists of infrastructure costs to operate our SaaS-based platform such as hosting fees and fees paid to various third-party partners for access to their technology, plus hardware depreciation and cost of shipping for the devices and accessories we provide to our clinicians.

Gross Profit. Our gross profit is calculated by subtracting our cost of revenues from revenues. Gross margin is expressed as a percentage of total revenues. Our gross profit may fluctuate from period to period as revenues fluctuate, and as a result of the mix of MDS centers from which service is provided, operational efficiencies regarding the relationship between the number of MDSs and clinicians, product mix, and changes to our technology expenses and customer support.

Our gross profit varies by MDS center. We plan to focus on and grow the operations of the MDS centers with the best quality and highest gross margin. We intend to continue to invest additional resources in our platform infrastructure. We will also continue to invest in technology innovation, such as Notebuilder, to reduce the level of effort required by MDSs. We expect these optimization efforts and our investment in technology to expand the efficiency and capability of our platform, enabling us to improve our gross margin over time. Our new all-in pricing with Vendors will create some gross margin headwinds as will the Bangladesh MDSs when they return to the office as we will incur higher transportation and food costs. The level and timing of investment in these areas, plus the mix of MDS centers, could affect our cost of revenues in the future.

General and Administrative Expenses

General and administrative expenses consist primarily of employee compensation costs for operations management, finance, accounting, information technology, compliance, legal, and human resources personnel, and our business support team in Bangladesh. In addition, general and administrative expenses include non-personnel costs, such as facilities, legal, accounting, and other professional fees, as well as other supporting corporate expenses not allocated to other departments. We expect our general and administrative expenses will increase in absolute dollars as our business grows, but we expect general and administrative expenses to decrease as a percent of revenues in the coming years.

Sales and Marketing Expenses

Sales and marketing expenses consist primarily of employee compensation costs related to sales and marketing, including salaries, benefits, bonuses, and stock-based compensation, costs of general marketing activities and promotional activities, travel-related expenses, and allocated overhead. Sales and marketing expenses also include costs for advertising and other marketing activities. Advertising is expensed as incurred. We expect our sales and marketing expenses will increase in absolute dollars as we expand our sales and marketing efforts in the coming year.

Research and Development Expenses

Research and development expenses consist of costs for the design, development, testing, and enhancement of our products and services and are generally expensed as incurred. These costs consist primarily of personnel costs, including salaries, benefits, bonuses, and stock-based compensation for our development personnel. Research and development expenses also include direct MDS training costs, product management, third-party partner fees, and third-party consulting fees. We expect our research and development expenses will increase in absolute dollars as our business grows, but that as a percent of revenues, R&D expenses are expected to decrease in the coming years.

Interest Expense, net

Interest expense, net consists primarily of the interest incurred on our debt obligations and the noncash interest expense associated with the amortization of debt discounts and contingent beneficial conversion feature associated with certain convertible notes payable. Interest expense is offset by any interest income we earn on our cash balances held in our interest-bearing savings account. 

Other Income (Expenses)

Other income (expenses) consists of Bangladesh government grant income, foreign currency gains and losses due to exchange rate fluctuations on transactions denominated in a currency other than our functional currency, and the change in the fair value of warrants. Included in other income (expenses) is the change in the fair value of the warrants to purchase shares of 2019 Series B convertible preferred stock which were classified as liabilities and were subject to re-measurement at each balance sheet date until consummation of the Merger whereby the warrants were exchanged for warrants to receive shares of our common stock. Upon completing the exchange, the warrants were eligible for equity classification and no longer subject to re-measurement.

The following table summarizes the results of our operations for the periods presented:

Comparison for the three months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020:

Revenues

Revenues increased 33%, or $1.4 million, to $5.6 million during the three months ended September 30, 2021, as compared to $4.2 million during the three months ended September 30, 2020. The increase was primarily attributable to a 42% increase in the average number of clinicians in service offset by a 6% decrease in average revenue per unit (“ARPU”) due to a larger mix of Notes clinicians. The increase in clinicians in service was driven predominately by our existing Health Enterprises adding Live clinicians, more Notes clinicians, and expanding our offering into a new vertical, veterinary services. Dollar-based net revenue retention was 122% in the three months ended September 30, 2021, adding $0.9 million to revenue during the three months ended September 30, 2021 versus the three months ended September 20, 2020. Revenue increased $0.3 million due to the addition of new Health Enterprises during the three months ended September 30, 2021, the growth in the number of clinicians in service among our independent and small group customers added $0.2 million to revenue. This was partially offset by a $0.1 million revenue loss from two Health Enterprises in 2020, predominantly due to the impact of COVID-19 on the financial health of those organizations.

Cost of Revenues and Gross Margin

Cost of revenues increased $0.7 million to $3.1 million during the three months ended September 30, 2021, as compared to $2.4 million during the three months ended September 30, 2020. The increase was attributable to a $0.7 million increase in MDS costs to service the growth of clinicians in service during 2021. As a result of operating efficiencies in our MDS operations, cloud hosting, and customer support, our gross margin was 45.0% during the three months ended September 30, 2021, as compared to 44.2% during the three months ended September 30, 2020. During the first six months of 2020 we moved from paying our Vendors an upfront fee for successfully trained MDSs to all-in pricing, which includes both amortization of expected training costs and cost of services in the monthly ongoing rates our Vendors charge us. This change improved our cash flow and better aligns our interests with those of our Vendors, which we believe will produce better overall operating leverage long-term.

General and Administrative Expenses

General and administrative expenses decreased $0.1 million to $3.2 million during the three months ended September 30, 2021, as compared to $3.3 million during the three months ended September 30, 2020. The decrease was primarily attributable to a $0.5 million decrease in legal, recruiting and professional fees. This was offset with an increase of $0.1 million personnel-related operations costs, a $0.1 million increase in insurance costs, and a $0.2 million increase due to COVID related temporary salary reductions taken during the three months ended September 30, 2020 that were not in place in the comparable 2021 period. 

Sales and Marketing Expenses

Sales and marketing expenses increased $1.3 million to $2.2 million during the three months ended September 30, 2021, as compared to $0.9 million during the three months ended September 30, 2020. The largest contributor of the change was the $0.7 million increase in expense due to higher bookings performance driving higher commission accruals, in addition to increased headcount in both our Customer Account Management and Sales teams. The increase was also attributable to an increase of $0.3 million in advertising spend and $0.2 million on both internal marketing headcount and outsourced marketing services. Lastly the increase was attributable to a $0.1 million increase of customer onboarding costs due to the growth of new clinicians going into service.

Research and Development Expenses

Research and development expenses increased $0.8 million to $1.8 million during the three months ended September 30, 2021, as compared to $1.0 million during the three months ended September 30, 2020. The increase was attributable to $0.7 million of headcount investment into our engineering and product departments. The increase was also attributable to $0.1 million of costs associated with training new MDSs.

Other Income (Expenses)

Our interest expense increased $0.2 million to $0.6 million during the three months ended September 30, 2021, compared to $0.4 million during the three months ended September 30, 2020. The $0.2 million increase was primarily attributable to higher outstanding borrowings and higher interest rate on the newly issued debt facility compared to the same period in 2020. In August, the $2.2 million PPP loan was forgiven. Other income (expenses), net increased $0.6 million which was primarily attributable to a warrant revaluation during the three months ended September 30, 2020, plus the receipt of nearly $0.2 million of grants from the Bangladesh government in the three months ending September 20, 2021.

Comparison for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020:

Revenues

Revenues increased 31%, or $3.6 million, to $15.5 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2021, as compared to $11.9 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2020. The increase was primarily attributable to a 30% increase in the average number of clinicians in service. The increase in clinicians in service was driven predominantly by our existing Health Enterprises adding physicians, growth of the clinicians using the Notes product, and growth of independent and small group physicians. Dollar-based net revenue retention was 121% in the nine months ended September 30, 2021, and our existing Health Enterprises added $2.1 million to revenue. Increases in revenue of $0.9 million were attributable to the addition of new Health Enterprises during the nine months ended September 30, 2021. The growth in the number of clinicians in service among our independent and small group customers added $0.5 million in revenue, while Data Services added $0.1 million.

 Cost of Revenues and Gross Margin

Cost of revenues increased $1.4 million to $8.5 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2021, as compared to $7.2 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2020. The increase was primarily attributable to a $1.4 million increase in MDS costs to service the growth in clinicians in service during 2021. These increases were offset by a $0.1 million decrease in third-party hosting costs resulting from our operating efficiencies. Further, the write-off of a lease provision associated with our previous office lease lowered our cost of revenue by $0.1 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2021. As a result of operating efficiencies in our MDS operations, cloud hosting, and customer support, our gross margin was 45.4% during the nine months ended September 30, 2021, as compared to 40.1% during the nine months ended September 30, 2020. Excluding the lease reversal in the 2^nd quarter of 2021, gross margins for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 was 44.8%.

General and Administrative Expenses

General and administrative expenses increased $1.5 million to $10.0 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2021, as compared to $8.5 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2020. The increase was primarily attributable to a $0.6 million increase due to COVID related temporary salary reductions taken in the nine months ending September 30, 2020, and a $0.2 million increase in legal fees, professional fees, compliance costs and incremental costs associated with being a public company. The increase was also due to a $0.4 million increase in insurance costs, a $0.3 million increase of the people operations costs, a $0.2 million of increased costs associated with corporate software and telecom expenses, and a $0.1 million increase in facility related expenses due to our new lease. General and administrative expenses in the nine months ended September 30, 2021 were lowered by $0.1 million due to the write-off of a lease provision associated with our previous office lease and a $0.2 million gain as a result of negotiated reduction of previously invoiced transaction-related expenses.

 Sales and Marketing Expenses