AXIS CAPITAL HOLDINGS LTD - Quarter Report: 2020 September (Form 10-Q)

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UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

☒ QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d)

OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended September 30, 2020

☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d)

OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

Commission file number 001-31721

AXIS CAPITAL HOLDINGS LIMITED

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Bermuda

(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)

98-0395986

(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)

92 Pitts Bay Road, Pembroke, Bermuda HM 08

(Address of principal executive offices and zip code)

(441) 496-2600

(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Exchange Act:


Title of each class	Trading Symbol(s)	Name of each exchange on which registered
Common shares, par value $0.0125 per share	AXS	New York Stock Exchange
Depositary Shares, each representing a 1/100th interest in a 5.50% Series E preferred share	AXS PRE	New York Stock Exchange

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of "large accelerated filer", "accelerated filer", "smaller reporting company", and "emerging growth company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer

☒

Accelerated filer

☐

Non-accelerated filer

☐

Smaller reporting company

☐

Emerging growth company

☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No ☒

At October 26, 2020, there were 84,321,136 common shares outstanding, $0.0125 par value per share, of the registrant.

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AXIS CAPITAL HOLDINGS LIMITED

INDEX TO FORM 10-Q


		Page
	PART I
	Financial Information	3
Item 1.	Consolidated Financial Statements	5
Item 2.	Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	46
Item 3.	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk	81
Item 4.	Controls and Procedures	82
	PART II
	Other Information	83
Item 1.	Legal Proceedings	83
Item 1A.	Risk Factors	83
Item 2.	Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds	86
Item 5.	Other Information	86
Item 6.	Exhibits	87
	Signatures	88

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PART I FINANCIAL INFORMATION

This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933 and section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. All statements, other than statements of historical facts included in this report, including statements regarding our estimates, beliefs, expectations, intentions, strategies or projections are forward-looking statements. We intend these forward-looking statements to be covered by the safe harbor provisions for forward-looking statements in the United States ("U.S.") federal securities laws. In some cases, these statements can be identified by the use of forward-looking words such as "may", "should", "could", "anticipate", "estimate", "expect", "plan", "believe", "predict", "potential", "intend" or similar expressions. These forward-looking statements are not historical facts, and are based on current expectations, estimates and projections, and various assumptions, many of which, by their nature, are inherently uncertain and beyond management's control.

Forward-looking statements contained in this report may include, but are not limited to, information regarding our estimates of losses for catastrophes and other large losses including losses related to the COVID-19 pandemic, measurements of potential losses in the fair market value of our investment portfolio and derivative contracts, our expectations regarding the performance of our business, our financial results, our liquidity and capital resources, the outcome of our strategic initiatives, our expectations regarding estimated synergies and the success of the integration of acquired entities, our expectations regarding the estimated benefits and synergies related to our transformation program, our expectations regarding pricing and other market conditions, our growth prospects, and valuations of the potential impact of movements in interest rates, credit spreads, equity securities' prices and foreign currency rates.

Forward-looking statements only reflect our expectations and are not guarantees of performance. These statements involve risks, uncertainties and assumptions. Accordingly, there are or will be important factors that could cause actual events or results to differ materially from those indicated in such statements. We believe that these factors include, but are not limited to, the following:

•the adverse impact of the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic on our business, results of operations, financial condition and liquidity;

•the cyclical nature of the insurance and reinsurance business leading to periods with excess underwriting capacity and unfavorable premium rates;

•the occurrence and magnitude of natural and man-made disasters;

•the impact of global climate change on our business, including the possibility that we do not adequately assess or reserve for the increased frequency and severity of natural catastrophes;

•losses from war, terrorism and political unrest or other unanticipated losses;

•actual claims exceeding our loss reserves;

•general economic, capital and credit market conditions;

•the failure of any of the loss limitation methods we employ;

•the effects of emerging claims, coverage and regulatory issues, including uncertainty related to coverage definitions, limits, terms and conditions;

•our inability to purchase reinsurance or collect amounts due to us;

•the breach by third parties in our program business of their obligations to us;

•difficulties with technology and/or data security;

•the failure of our policyholders and intermediaries to pay premiums;

•the failure of our cedants to adequately evaluate risks;

•inability to obtain additional capital on favorable terms, or at all;

•the loss of one or more of our key executives;

•a decline in our ratings with rating agencies;

•the loss of business provided to us by our major brokers and credit risk due to our reliance on brokers;

•changes in accounting policies or practices;

•the use of industry catastrophe models and changes to these models;

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•changes in governmental regulations and potential government intervention in our industry;

•inadvertent failure to comply with certain laws and regulations relating to sanctions and foreign corrupt practices;

•increased competition;

•changes in the political environment of certain countries in which we operate or underwrite business including the United Kingdom's withdrawal from the European Union;

•fluctuations in interest rates, credit spreads, equity securities' prices and/or foreign currency values;

•the failure to successfully integrate acquired businesses or to realize the expected synergies resulting from such acquisitions;

•the failure to realize the expected benefits or synergies relating to our transformation initiative;

•changes in tax laws; and

•other factors including but not limited to those described under Item 1A, 'Risk Factors' in our most recent Annual Report on Form 10-K and under Part II, Item 1A, 'Risk Factors' herein filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC"), as those factors may be updated from time to time in our periodic and other filings with the SEC, which are accessible on the SEC's website at www.sec.gov. Readers are urged to carefully consider all such factors as the COVID-19 pandemic may have the effect of heightening many of the other risks and uncertainties described.

We undertake no obligation to update or revise publicly any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise.

Website and Social Media Disclosure

We use our website (www.axiscapital.com) and our corporate Twitter (@AXIS_Capital) and LinkedIn (AXIS Capital) accounts as channels of distribution of Company information. The information we post through these channels may be deemed material. Accordingly, investors should monitor these channels, in addition to following our press releases, SEC filings and public conference calls and webcasts. In addition, e-mail alerts and other information about AXIS Capital may be received when enrolled in our "E-mail Alerts" program in the Investor Information section of our website (www.axiscapital.com). The contents of our website and social media channels are not part of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.

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ITEM 1. CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS


			Page

Consolidated Balance Sheets at September 30, 2020 (Unaudited) and December 31, 2019			6
Consolidated Statements of Operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019 (Unaudited)			7
Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019 (Unaudited)			8
Consolidated Statements of Changes in Shareholders' Equity for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019 (Unaudited)			9
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019 (Unaudited)			10
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)			11
Note 1 - Basis of Presentation and Significant Accounting Policies			11
Note 2 - Segment Information			13
Note 3 - Investments			15
Note 4 - Fair Value Measurements			23
Note 5 - Derivative Instruments			33
Note 6 - Reserve for Losses and Loss Expenses			35
Note 7 - Earnings Per Common Share			40
Note 8 - Share-Based Compensation			41
Note 9 - Shareholders' Equity			42
Note 10 - Debt and Financing Arrangements			44
Note 11 - Commitments and Contingencies			44
Note 12 - Reorganization Expenses			44
Note 13 - Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)			45

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AXIS CAPITAL HOLDINGS LIMITED

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

SEPTEMBER 30, 2020 (UNAUDITED) AND DECEMBER 31, 2019


	2020		2019
	(in thousands)
Assets
Investments:
Fixed maturities, available for sale, at fair value (Amortized cost 2020: $12,201,832; 2019: $12,263,240 Allowance for expected credit losses 2020: $2,498)	$	12,609,241	$	12,468,205
Equity securities, at fair value (Cost 2020: $356,176; 2019: $398,956)	417,886		474,207
Mortgage loans, held for investment, at fair value (Allowance for expected credit losses 2020: $nil)	544,095		432,748
Other investments, at fair value	760,206		770,923
Equity method investments	104,242		117,821
Short-term investments, at fair value	69,996		38,471
Total investments	14,505,666		14,302,375
Cash and cash equivalents	1,000,781		1,241,109
Restricted cash and cash equivalents	440,035		335,348
Accrued interest receivable	70,013		78,085
Insurance and reinsurance premium balances receivable (Allowance for expected credit losses 2020: $10,727)	3,131,791		3,071,390
Reinsurance recoverable on unpaid losses and loss expenses (Allowance for expected credit losses 2020: $22,825)	4,337,683		3,877,756
Reinsurance recoverable on paid losses and loss expenses	373,431		327,795
Deferred acquisition costs	520,706		492,119
Prepaid reinsurance premiums	1,278,672		1,101,889
Receivable for investments sold	17,513		35,659
Goodwill	102,003		102,003
Intangible assets	222,362		230,550
Value of business acquired	4,881		8,992
Operating lease right-of-use assets	131,776		111,092
Other assets	315,683		287,892
Total assets	$	26,452,996	$	25,604,054
Liabilities
Reserve for losses and loss expenses	$	13,653,488	$	12,752,081
Unearned premiums	4,070,649		3,626,246
Insurance and reinsurance balances payable	1,244,846		1,349,082
Debt	1,309,384		1,808,157
Payable for investments purchased	458,111		32,985
Operating lease liabilities	140,058		115,584
Other liabilities	310,565		375,911
Total liabilities	21,187,101		20,060,046

Shareholders’ equity
Preferred shares	550,000		775,000
Common shares (shares issued 2020: 176,580; 2019: 176,580 shares outstanding 2020: 84,309; 2019: 83,959)	2,206		2,206
Additional paid-in capital	2,325,196		2,317,212
Accumulated other comprehensive income	350,111		171,710
Retained earnings	5,804,637		6,056,686
Treasury shares, at cost (2020: 92,271; 2019: 92,621 shares)	(3,766,255)		(3,778,806)
Total shareholders’ equity	5,265,895		5,544,008


Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity	$	26,452,996	$	25,604,054

See accompanying notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

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AXIS CAPITAL HOLDINGS LIMITED

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS (UNAUDITED)

FOR THE THREE AND NINE MONTHS ENDED SEPTEMBER 30, 2020 AND 2019


	Three months ended				Nine months ended
	2020		2019		2020		2019
	(in thousands, except for per share amounts)
Revenues
Net premiums earned	$	1,091,312	$	1,157,307	$	3,283,941	$	3,415,126
Net investment income	101,956		115,763		240,098		361,014
Other insurance related income (loss)	1,440		1,533		(5,270)		11,385

Net investment gains:
Allowance for expected credit losses	3,759		—		(2,498)		—
Impairment losses	(184)		—		(1,486)		—
Other-than-temporary impairment ("OTTI") losses	—		(1,458)		—		(6,328)

Other realized and unrealized investment gains	52,034		15,985		49,761		54,850
Total net investment gains	55,609		14,527		45,777		48,522
Total revenues	1,250,317		1,289,130		3,564,546		3,836,047

Expenses
Net losses and loss expenses	879,677		850,913		2,464,012		2,187,403
Acquisition costs	230,564		260,026		697,716		762,807
General and administrative expenses	138,823		155,522		436,538		496,008
Foreign exchange losses (gains)	60,734		(59,543)		8,760		(64,868)
Interest expense and financing costs	15,574		18,042		59,641		49,545
Reorganization expenses	1,413		11,215		822		29,310
Amortization of value of business acquired	1,028		4,368		4,111		24,666
Amortization of intangible assets	2,838		2,831		8,564		8,744
Total expenses	1,330,651		1,243,374		3,680,164		3,493,615

Income (loss) before income taxes and interest in income (loss) of equity method investments	(80,334)		45,756		(115,618)		342,432
Income tax (expense) benefit	12,056		(8,147)		6,030		(23,850)
Interest in income (loss) of equity method investments	2,896		792		(13,579)		5,645
Net income (loss)	(65,382)		38,401		(123,167)		324,227


Preferred share dividends	7,563		10,656		22,688		31,969

Net income (loss) available (attributable) to common shareholders	$	(72,945)	$	27,745	$	(145,855)	$	292,258

Per share data
Earnings (loss) per common share:
Earnings (loss) per common share	$	(0.87)	$	0.33	$	(1.73)	$	3.48
Earnings (loss) per diluted common share	$	(0.87)	$	0.33	$	(1.73)	$	3.46
Weighted average common shares outstanding	84,308		83,947		84,235		83,872
Weighted average diluted common shares outstanding	84,308		84,582		84,235		84,420

See accompanying notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

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AXIS CAPITAL HOLDINGS LIMITED

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (UNAUDITED)

FOR THE THREE AND NINE MONTHS ENDED SEPTEMBER 30, 2020 AND 2019


	Three months ended				Nine months ended
	2020		2019		2020		2019
	(in thousands)
Net income (loss)	$	(65,382)	$	38,401	$	(123,167)	$	324,227
Other comprehensive income, net of tax:
Available for sale investments:
Unrealized gains arising during the period for which an allowance for expected credit losses has not been recognized	95,112		39,569		210,383		361,220
Unrealized gains (losses) arising during the period for which an allowance for expected credit losses has been recognized	220		—		(112)		—
Adjustment for reclassification of net realized gains, impairment losses and OTTI losses recognized in net income (loss)	(29,130)		(14,808)		(30,289)		(8,423)
Unrealized gains arising during the period, net of reclassification adjustment	66,202		24,761		179,982		352,797

Foreign currency translation adjustment	2,310		(4,610)		(1,581)		609


Total other comprehensive income, net of tax	68,512		20,151		178,401		353,406


Comprehensive income	$	3,130	$	58,552	$	55,234	$	677,633

See accompanying notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

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AXIS CAPITAL HOLDINGS LIMITED

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY (UNAUDITED)

FOR THE THREE AND NINE MONTHS ENDED SEPTEMBER 30, 2020 AND 2019


	Three months ended				Nine months ended
	2020		2019		2020		2019
	(in thousands)
Preferred shares
Balance at beginning of period	$	550,000	$	775,000	$	775,000	$	775,000

Shares repurchased	—		—		(225,000)		—
Balance at end of period	550,000		$	775,000	$	550,000	$	775,000

Common shares (par value)


Balance at beginning and end of period	2,206		2,206		2,206		2,206

Additional paid-in capital
Balance at beginning of period	2,317,354		2,303,592		2,317,212		2,308,583

Treasury shares reissued	(197)		(57)		(19,348)		(20,114)




Share-based compensation expense	8,039		5,948		27,332		21,014
Balance at end of period	2,325,196		2,309,483		2,325,196		2,309,483

Accumulated other comprehensive income
Balance at beginning of period	281,599		156,145		171,710		(177,110)
Unrealized gains (losses) on available for sale investments, net of tax:
Balance at beginning of period	295,301		159,671		181,521		(168,365)


Unrealized gains arising during the period, net of reclassification adjustment	66,202		24,761		179,982		352,797

Balance at end of period	361,503		184,432		361,503		184,432
Cumulative foreign currency translation adjustments, net of tax:
Balance at beginning of period	(13,702)		(3,526)		(9,811)		(8,745)
Foreign currency translation adjustment	2,310		(4,610)		(1,581)		609

Balance at end of period	(11,392)		(8,136)		(11,392)		(8,136)




Balance at end of period	350,111		176,296		350,111		176,296

Retained earnings
Balance at beginning of period	5,913,029		6,108,577		6,056,686		5,912,812


Net income (loss)	(65,382)		38,401		(123,167)		324,227

Preferred share dividends	(7,563)		(10,656)		(22,688)		(31,969)

Common share dividends	(35,447)		(34,420)		(106,194)		(103,168)
Balance at end of period	5,804,637		6,101,902		5,804,637		6,101,902

Treasury shares, at cost
Balance at beginning of period	(3,766,368)		(3,779,043)		(3,778,806)		(3,791,420)
Shares repurchased	(84)		(31)		(8,685)		(9,445)
Shares reissued	197		57		21,236		21,848
Balance at end of period	(3,766,255)		(3,779,017)		(3,766,255)		(3,779,017)

Total shareholders’ equity	$	5,265,895	$	5,585,870	$	5,265,895	$	5,585,870

See accompanying notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

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AXIS CAPITAL HOLDINGS LIMITED

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS (UNAUDITED)

FOR THE NINE MONTHS ENDED SEPTEMBER 30, 2020 AND 2019


	Nine months ended
	2020		2019
	(in thousands)
Cash flows from operating activities:
Net income (loss)	$	(123,167)	$	324,227
Adjustments to reconcile net income (loss) to net cash provided by operating activities:
Net investment gains	(45,777)		(48,522)
Net realized and unrealized (gains) losses on other investments	14,574		(49,271)
Amortization of fixed maturities	24,398		13,616
Interest in (income) loss of equity method investments	13,579		(5,645)
Amortization of value of business acquired	4,111		24,666
Other amortization and depreciation	46,734		56,964
Share-based compensation expense, net of cash payments	17,650		21,160


Changes in:
Accrued interest receivable	7,792		(1,291)
Reinsurance recoverable balances on unpaid and paid losses	(506,705)		(165,247)
Deferred acquisition costs	(29,126)		(20,249)
Prepaid reinsurance premiums	(177,624)		(228,973)
Reserve for losses and loss expenses	910,106		216,086
Unearned premiums	448,035		517,798
Insurance and reinsurance balances, net	(166,708)		(377,826)
Other items	(89,093)		(35,978)
Net cash provided by operating activities	348,779		241,515

Cash flows from investing activities:
Purchases of:
Fixed maturities	(8,543,641)		(7,705,671)
Equity securities	(40,027)		(45,086)
Mortgage loans	(115,290)		(129,711)
Other investments	(93,044)		(166,728)

Short-term investments	(206,400)		(126,960)
Proceeds from the sale of:
Fixed maturities	7,856,524		6,022,475
Equity securities	95,960		32,682
Other investments	133,536		222,982
Short-term investments	117,097		243,293
Proceeds from redemption of fixed maturities	1,155,648		885,128
Proceeds from redemption of short-term investments	57,948		15,794
Proceeds from the repayment of mortgage loans	4,245		20,759
Purchase of other assets	(36,582)		(41,800)



Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities	385,974		(772,843)

Cash flows from financing activities:


Taxes paid on withholding shares	(8,685)		(9,445)
Dividends paid - common shares	(106,595)		(103,526)
Repurchase of preferred shares	(225,000)		—
Dividends paid - preferred shares	(24,269)		(31,969)






Net proceeds from issuance of senior notes	—		296,334
Redemption of senior notes	(500,000)		(250,000)
Net cash used in financing activities	(864,549)		(98,606)

Effect of exchange rate changes on foreign currency cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash	(5,845)		8,465
Decrease in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash	(135,641)		(621,469)
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash - beginning of period	1,576,457		1,830,020
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash - end of period	$	1,440,816	$	1,208,551

Supplemental disclosures of cash flow information:
Income taxes paid (refund)	$	(5,309)	$	12,149
Interest paid	$	47,108	$	37,875

See accompanying notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

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AXIS CAPITAL HOLDINGS LIMITED

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)

1. BASIS OF PRESENTATION AND SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

Basis of Presentation

These unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements (the "financial statements") have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America ("U.S. GAAP") for interim financial information and with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission's ("SEC") instructions to Form 10-Q and Article 10 of Regulation S-X and include AXIS Capital Holdings Limited ("AXIS Capital") and its subsidiaries (the "Company"). Accordingly, they do not include all of the information and notes required by U.S. GAAP for complete financial statements. This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q should be read in conjunction with the financial statements and related notes included in AXIS Capital's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019, as filed with the SEC.

In the opinion of management, these financial statements reflect all adjustments (consisting of normal recurring adjustments) considered necessary for a fair presentation of the Company's financial position and results of operations for the periods presented.

The results of operations for any interim period are not necessarily indicative of the results for a full year. All inter-company accounts and transactions have been eliminated.

Tabular dollar and share amounts are in thousands, except per share amounts. All amounts are reported in U.S. dollars.

Significant Accounting Policies

There was one change noted below to the Company's significant accounting policies subsequent to its Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019.

Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments

Effective January 1, 2020, the Company adopted ASU 2016-13, "Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (Topic 326) - Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments," using the modified retrospective approach for insurance and reinsurance premium balances receivable, reinsurance recoverable on unpaid losses and loss expenses and mortgage loans, held for investment. The Company assessed that the impact of adoption of ASU 2016-13 was $nil. This guidance replaced the "incurred loss" impairment methodology with an approach based on "expected losses" to estimate credit losses on certain types of financial instruments and requires consideration of a broader range of reasonable and supportable information to inform credit loss estimates. The guidance requires financial assets to be presented at the net amount expected to be collected. The allowance for credit losses is a valuation account that is deducted from the cost of the financial asset to present the net carrying value at the amount expected to be collected on the financial asset.

Insurance and reinsurance premium balances receivable of $3,132 million and $3,071 million at September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively, were presented net of an allowance for expected credit losses. The allowance for expected credit losses was estimated based on the Company's analysis of amounts due, historical delinquencies and write-offs, and current economic conditions, together with reasonable and supportable forecasts of short-term economic conditions, giving consideration to the potential impact from the COVID-19 pandemic. At September 30, 2020, the allowance for credit losses expected to be recognized over the life of premium balances receivable was $11 million, compared to an allowance for uncollectible premium balances receivable of $7 million at December 31, 2019. The allowance for expected credit losses is recognized in net income (loss). Any adjustment to the allowance for expected credit losses is recognized in the period in which it is determined. Write-offs of premium balances receivable, together with associated allowances for expected credit losses, are recognized in the period in which balances are deemed uncollectible. The Company does not have a history of significant write-offs.

Reinsurance recoverable on unpaid losses and loss expenses of $4,338 million and $3,878 million at September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively, were presented net of an allowance for expected credit losses. The allowance for expected credit losses was estimated based on the Company's analysis of amounts due, historical delinquencies and write-offs, and disputes. In addition, the Company used a default analysis based on the reinsurers' credit rating and the length of collection periods to estimate allowances for credit expected losses on the remainder of the reinsurance recoverable balance. The default analysis considered current and forecasted economic conditions including the potential impact from the COVID-19 pandemic. At September 30, 2020, the allowance for credit losses expected to be recognized over the life of the reinsurance recoverable balances was $23 million, compared

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AXIS CAPITAL HOLDINGS LIMITED

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)

1. BASIS OF PRESENTATION AND SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (CONTINUED)

to an allowance for estimated uncollectible reinsurance recoverable balances of $18 million at December 31, 2019. The allowance for expected credit losses is recognized in net income (loss). Any adjustment to the allowance for expected credit losses is recognized in the period in which it is determined. Write-offs of reinsurance recoverable balances, together with associated allowances for expected credit losses, are recognized in the period in which balances are deemed uncollectible. The Company does not have a history of significant write-offs.

Mortgage loans, held for investment of $544 million and $433 million at September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively, were presented net of an allowance for expected credit losses. The allowance for expected credit losses was estimated based on the Company’s analysis of projected lifetime losses. These projections take into account the Company’s experience with loan losses, defaults and loss severity, and loss expectations for loans with similar risk characteristics. These evaluations are revised as conditions change and new information becomes available. At September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, the allowance for credit losses expected to be recognized over the life of our mortgage loans was $nil. The allowance for expected credit losses is recognized in net investment gains (losses). Any adjustment to the allowance for expected credit losses is recognized in the period in which it is determined.

Effective January 1, 2020, the Company adopted the targeted changes to the impairment model for available for sale securities introduced in ASU 2016-13 using the prospective transition approach. The updated guidance amends the previous other-than-temporary impairment model by requiring the recognition of impairments related to credit losses through an allowance account and limits the amount of credit loss to the difference between a security's amortized cost basis and its fair value. In addition, the length of time a security has been in an unrealized loss position no longer impacts the determination of whether a credit loss exists.

An available for sale fixed maturity is impaired if the fair value of the investment is below amortized cost. If a fixed maturity is impaired and the Company intends to sell the security or it is more likely than not that the Company will be required to sell the security before its anticipated recovery, the full amount of the impairment loss is charged to net income and is included in net investment gains (losses). In instances where the Company intends to hold the impaired fixed maturity, and it does not anticipate to fully recover the amortized cost, an allowance for expected credit losses is established. At September 30, 2020, the allowance for expected credit losses was $2.5 million. The allowance for expected credit losses is charged to net income and is included in net investment gains (losses). The non-credit impairment amount of the loss is recognized in other comprehensive income.

On a quarterly basis, the Company assesses whether unrealized losses on fixed maturities represent credit impairments by considering the following factors:

a. the extent to which the fair value is less than amortized cost;

b. adverse conditions related to the security, industry, or geographical area;

c. downgrades in the security's credit rating by a credit rating agency; and

d. failure of the issuer to make scheduled principal or interest payments.

If a security is assessed to be credit impaired, it is subject to a discounted cash flow analysis by comparing the present value of expected future cash flows with the amortized cost basis. If the present value of expected cash flows is less than the amortized cost, a credit loss exists and an allowance for expected credit losses is recognized. If the present value of expected future cash flows is equal to or greater than the amortized cost basis, an expected credit loss does not exist.

The Company reports accrued interest receivable related to available for sale debt securities separately and has elected not to measure an allowance for expected credit losses for accrued interest receivable. Write-offs of accrued interest receivable balances are recognized in net investment gains (losses) in the period in which they are deemed uncollectible.

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AXIS CAPITAL HOLDINGS LIMITED

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)

2. SEGMENT INFORMATION

AXIS Capital's underwriting operations are organized around its global underwriting platforms, AXIS Insurance and AXIS Re. The Company has determined that it has two reportable segments, insurance and reinsurance. The Company does not allocate its assets by segment, with the exception of goodwill and intangible assets, as it evaluates the underwriting results of each segment separately from the results of its investment portfolio.

Insurance

The Company's insurance segment offers specialty insurance products to a variety of niche markets on a worldwide basis. The product lines in this segment are property, marine, terrorism, aviation, credit and political risk, professional lines, liability, accident and health, and discontinued lines - Novae.

Reinsurance

The Company's reinsurance segment provides treaty reinsurance to insurance companies on a worldwide basis. The product lines in this segment are catastrophe, property, professional lines, credit and surety, motor, liability, agriculture, engineering, marine and other, accident and health, and discontinued lines - Novae.

The following tables present the underwriting results of the Company's reportable segments, as well as the carrying values of allocated goodwill and intangible assets:


	2020									2019
Three months ended and at September 30,	Insurance			Reinsurance			Total			Insurance			Reinsurance			Total

Gross premiums written	$	935,817		$	395,361		$	1,331,178		$	894,902		$	511,604		$	1,406,506
Net premiums written	544,857			271,125			815,982			517,050			339,031			856,081
Net premiums earned	570,184			521,128			1,091,312			536,451			620,856			1,157,307
Other insurance related income	688			752			1,440			733			800			1,533
Net losses and loss expenses	(443,389)			(436,288)			(879,677)			(338,966)			(511,947)			(850,913)
Acquisition costs	(114,569)			(115,995)			(230,564)			(115,551)			(144,475)			(260,026)
Underwriting-related general and administrative expenses	(94,379)			(23,456)			(117,835)			(100,559)			(26,060)			(126,619)
Underwriting loss	$	(81,465)		$	(53,859)		(135,324)			$	(17,892)		$	(60,826)		(78,718)

Net investment income							101,956									115,763
Net investment gains							55,609									14,527
Corporate expenses							(20,988)									(28,903)
Foreign exchange (losses) gains							(60,734)									59,543
Interest expense and financing costs							(15,574)									(18,042)
Reorganization expenses							(1,413)									(11,215)
Amortization of value of business acquired							(1,028)									(4,368)
Amortization of intangible assets							(2,838)									(2,831)
Income (loss) before income taxes and interest in income (loss) of equity method investments							$	(80,334)								$	45,756

Net losses and loss expenses ratio	77.8		%	83.7		%	80.6		%	63.2		%	82.5		%	73.5		%
Acquisition cost ratio	20.1		%	22.3		%	21.1		%	21.5		%	23.3		%	22.5		%
General and administrative expense ratio	16.5		%	4.5		%	12.8		%	18.8		%	4.1		%	13.4		%
Combined ratio	114.4		%	110.5		%	114.5		%	103.5		%	109.9		%	109.4		%

Goodwill and intangible assets	$	324,365		$	—		$	324,365		$	346,356		$	—		$	346,356

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AXIS CAPITAL HOLDINGS LIMITED

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)

2. SEGMENT INFORMATION (CONTINUED)


	2020									2019
Nine months ended and at September 30,	Insurance			Reinsurance			Total			Insurance			Reinsurance			Total

Gross premiums written	$	2,914,100		$	2,564,419		$	5,478,519		$	2,714,322		$	2,923,169		$	5,637,491
Net premiums written	1,729,268			1,821,692			3,550,960			1,638,197			2,065,263			3,703,460
Net premiums earned	1,709,268			1,574,673			3,283,941			1,630,473			1,784,653			3,415,126
Other insurance related income (loss)	2,091			(7,361)			(5,270)			1,779			9,606			11,385
Net losses and loss expenses	(1,252,569)			(1,211,443)			(2,464,012)			(961,444)			(1,225,959)			(2,187,403)
Acquisition costs	(343,579)			(354,137)			(697,716)			(344,981)			(417,826)			(762,807)
Underwriting-related general and administrative expenses	(284,909)			(76,714)			(361,623)			(311,491)			(87,049)			(398,540)
Underwriting income (loss)	$	(169,698)		$	(74,982)		(244,680)			$	14,336		$	63,425		77,761

Net investment income							240,098									361,014
Net investment gains							45,777									48,522
Corporate expenses							(74,915)									(97,468)
Foreign exchange (losses) gains							(8,760)									64,868
Interest expense and financing costs							(59,641)									(49,545)
Reorganization expenses							(822)									(29,310)
Amortization of value of business acquired							(4,111)									(24,666)
Amortization of intangible assets							(8,564)									(8,744)
Income (loss) before income taxes and interest in income (loss) of equity method investments							$	(115,618)								$	342,432

Net losses and loss expenses ratio	73.3		%	76.9		%	75.0		%	59.0		%	68.7		%	64.1		%
Acquisition cost ratio	20.1		%	22.5		%	21.2		%	21.2		%	23.4		%	22.3		%
General and administrative expense ratio	16.7		%	4.9		%	13.4		%	19.0		%	4.9		%	14.5		%
Combined ratio	110.1		%	104.3		%	109.6		%	99.2		%	97.0		%	100.9		%

Goodwill and intangible assets	$	324,365		$	—		$	324,365		$	346,356		$	—		$	346,356

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AXIS CAPITAL HOLDINGS LIMITED

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)

3. INVESTMENTS

a) Fixed Maturities and Equity securities

Fixed maturities

The following table provides the amortized cost and fair values of the Company's fixed maturities classified as available for sale:


	Amortized cost		Allowance for expected credit losses		Gross unrealized gains		Gross unrealized losses		Fair value

At September 30, 2020
Fixed maturities
U.S. government and agency	$	1,929,224	$	—	$	62,872	$	(630)	$	1,991,466
Non-U.S. government	659,744		—		18,099		(4,042)		673,801
Corporate debt	4,607,629		(2,462)		214,924		(23,360)		4,796,731
Agency RMBS(1)	1,630,014		—		48,465		(1,373)		1,677,106
CMBS(2)	1,291,291		—		92,012		(2,565)		1,380,738
Non-agency RMBS	131,937		(36)		2,733		(1,104)		133,530
ABS(3)	1,679,839		—		12,374		(20,038)		1,672,175
Municipals(4)	272,154		—		11,982		(442)		283,694
Total fixed maturities	$	12,201,832	$	(2,498)	$	463,461	$	(53,554)	$	12,609,241







At December 31, 2019
Fixed maturities
U.S. government and agency	$	2,102,849	$	—	$	16,345	$	(6,313)	$	2,112,881
Non-U.S. government	564,505		—		14,535		(2,448)		576,592
Corporate debt	4,797,384		—		140,426		(7,556)		4,930,254
Agency RMBS(1)	1,570,823		—		25,215		(3,454)		1,592,584
CMBS(2)	1,340,156		—		29,838		(4,942)		1,365,052
Non-agency RMBS	84,381		—		1,393		(852)		84,922
ABS(3)	1,599,867		—		4,706		(5,880)		1,598,693
Municipals(4)	203,275		—		4,359		(407)		207,227
Total fixed maturities	$	12,263,240	$	—	$	236,817	$	(31,852)	$	12,468,205

(1)Residential mortgage-backed securities ("RMBS") originated by U.S. government-sponsored agencies.

(2)Commercial mortgage-backed securities ("CMBS").

(3)Asset-backed securities ("ABS") include debt tranched securities collateralized primarily by auto loans, student loans, credit card receivables and collateralized loan obligations ("CLOs").

(4)Municipals include bonds issued by states, municipalities and political subdivisions.

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AXIS CAPITAL HOLDINGS LIMITED

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)

3. INVESTMENTS (CONTINUED)

Equity Securities

The following table provides the cost and fair values of the Company's equity securities:


	Cost		Gross unrealized gains		Gross unrealized losses		Fair value
At September 30, 2020
Equity securities
Common stocks	$	10,679	$	35	$	(1,419)	$	9,295
Preferred stocks	6,249		1,505		—		7,754
Exchange-traded funds	141,748		51,920		(1,466)		192,202
Bond mutual funds	197,500		11,135		—		208,635
Total equity securities	$	356,176	$	64,595	$	(2,885)	$	417,886

At December 31, 2019
Equity securities
Common stocks	$	504	$	77	$	(388)	$	193
Preferred stocks	—		—		—		—
Exchange-traded funds	215,986		81,444		(105)		297,325
Bond mutual funds	182,466		—		(5,777)		176,689
Total equity securities	$	398,956	$	81,521	$	(6,270)	$	474,207

In the normal course of investing activities, the Company actively manages allocations to non-controlling tranches of structured securities which are variable interests issued by Variable Interest Entities ("VIEs"). These structured securities include RMBS, CMBS and ABS.

The Company also invests in limited partnerships which represent 62% of the Company's other investments. The investments in limited partnerships include hedge funds, direct lending funds, private equity funds and real estate funds as well as CLO equity tranched securities, which are variable interests issued by VIEs (refer to Note 3(c) 'Other Investments'). The Company does not have the power to direct the activities that are most significant to the economic performance of these VIEs therefore the Company is not the primary beneficiary of these VIEs.

The maximum exposure to loss on these interests is limited to the amount of commitment made by the Company. The Company has not provided financial or other support to these structured securities other than the original investment.

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AXIS CAPITAL HOLDINGS LIMITED

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)

3. INVESTMENTS (CONTINUED)

Contractual Maturities of Fixed Maturities

Expected maturities may differ from contractual maturities because borrowers may have the right to call or prepay obligations with or without call or prepayment penalties. The table below provides the contractual maturities of fixed maturities:


	Amortized cost		Fair value		% of Total fair value

At September 30, 2020
Maturity
Due in one year or less	$	367,208	$	371,864	2.8	%
Due after one year through five years	4,318,770		4,446,778		35.3	%
Due after five years through ten years	2,524,796		2,660,506		21.1	%
Due after ten years	257,977		266,544		2.1	%
	7,468,751		7,745,692		61.3	%
Agency RMBS	1,630,014		1,677,106		13.3	%
CMBS	1,291,291		1,380,738		11.0	%
Non-agency RMBS	131,937		133,530		1.1	%
ABS	1,679,839		1,672,175		13.3	%
Total	$	12,201,832	$	12,609,241	100.0	%

At December 31, 2019
Maturity
Due in one year or less	$	438,881	$	443,228	3.6	%
Due after one year through five years	4,810,202		4,884,837		39.2	%
Due after five years through ten years	2,091,486		2,157,157		17.3	%
Due after ten years	327,444		341,732		2.7	%
	7,668,013		7,826,954		62.8	%
Agency RMBS	1,570,823		1,592,584		12.8	%
CMBS	1,340,156		1,365,052		10.9	%
Non-agency RMBS	84,381		84,922		0.7	%
ABS	1,599,867		1,598,693		12.8	%
Total	$	12,263,240	$	12,468,205	100.0	%

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AXIS CAPITAL HOLDINGS LIMITED

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)

3. INVESTMENTS (CONTINUED)

Gross Unrealized Losses

The following table summarizes fixed maturities in an unrealized loss position and the aggregate fair value and gross unrealized loss by length of time the security has continuously been in an unrealized loss position:


	12 months or greater				Less than 12 months				Total
	Fair value		Unrealized losses		Fair value		Unrealized losses		Fair value		Unrealized losses

At September 30, 2020
Fixed maturities
U.S. government and agency	$	—	$	—	$	237,349	$	(630)	$	237,349	$	(630)
Non-U.S. government	28,253		(1,675)		99,028		(2,367)		127,281		(4,042)
Corporate debt	57,768		(3,924)		821,430		(19,436)		879,198		(23,360)
Agency RMBS	9,231		(21)		242,263		(1,352)		251,494		(1,373)
CMBS	9,467		(907)		121,193		(1,658)		130,660		(2,565)
Non-agency RMBS	5,048		(873)		22,552		(231)		27,600		(1,104)
ABS	313,666		(9,127)		667,236		(10,911)		980,902		(20,038)
Municipals	—		—		70,036		(442)		70,036		(442)
Total fixed maturities	$	423,433	$	(16,527)	$	2,281,087	$	(37,027)	$	2,704,520	$	(53,554)







At December 31, 2019
Fixed maturities
U.S. government and agency	$	9,536	$	(67)	$	614,705	$	(6,246)	$	624,241	$	(6,313)
Non-U.S. government	99,466		(2,036)		18,361		(412)		117,827		(2,448)
Corporate debt	121,635		(3,847)		375,858		(3,709)		497,493		(7,556)
Agency RMBS	195,395		(1,816)		326,402		(1,638)		521,797		(3,454)
CMBS	24,281		(64)		364,641		(4,878)		388,922		(4,942)
Non-agency RMBS	6,345		(792)		25,816		(60)		32,161		(852)
ABS	535,780		(4,667)		404,641		(1,213)		940,421		(5,880)
Municipals	5,418		(34)		46,684		(373)		52,102		(407)
Total fixed maturities	$	997,856	$	(13,323)	$	2,177,108	$	(18,529)	$	3,174,964	$	(31,852)

Fixed Maturities

At September 30, 2020, 1,365 fixed maturities (2019: 1,190) were in an unrealized loss position of $54 million (2019: $32 million), of which $21 million (2019: $5 million) was related to securities below investment grade or not rated.

At September 30, 2020, 234 fixed maturities (2019: 497) had been in a continuous unrealized loss position for twelve months or greater and had a fair value of $423 million (2019: $998 million). The Company concluded that the unrealized loss on these securities as well as the remaining securities in an unrealized loss position were due to non-credit factors at September 30, 2020, and were expected to recover in value as the securities approach maturity. At September 30, 2020, the Company did not intend to sell the securities in an unrealized loss position and it is more likely than not that the Company will not be required to sell these securities before the anticipated recovery of their amortized costs.

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AXIS CAPITAL HOLDINGS LIMITED

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)

3. INVESTMENTS (CONTINUED)

b) Mortgage Loans

The following table provides details of the Company's mortgage loans held-for-investment:


	September 30, 2020				December 31, 2019
	Carrying value		% of Total		Carrying value		% of Total

Mortgage Loans held-for-investment:
Commercial	$	544,095	100	%	$	432,748	100	%


Total Mortgage Loans held-for-investment	$	544,095	100	%	$	432,748	100	%

The primary credit quality indicator for commercial mortgage loans is the debt service coverage ratio which compares a property’s net operating income to amounts needed to service the principal and interest due under the loan, (generally, the lower the debt service coverage ratio, the higher the risk of experiencing a credit loss) and the loan-to-value ratio which compares the unpaid principal balance of the loan to the estimated fair value of the underlying collateral (generally, the higher the loan-to-value ratio, the higher the risk of experiencing a credit loss). The debt service coverage ratio and loan-to-value ratio, as well as the values utilized in calculating these ratios, are updated annually, on a rolling basis.

The Company has a high quality mortgage loan portfolio with a weighted average debt service coverage ratio of 2.1x and a weighted average loan-to-value ratio of 59%. At September 30, 2020, there are no credit losses or past due amounts associated with the commercial mortgage loans held by the Company.

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AXIS CAPITAL HOLDINGS LIMITED

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)

3. INVESTMENTS (CONTINUED)

c) Other Investments

The following tables provide a summary of the Company's other investments, together with additional information relating to the liquidity of each category:


	Fair value				Redemption frequency (if currently eligible)	Redemption notice period

At September 30, 2020
Long/short equity funds	$	24,815	3	%	Annually	60 days
Multi-strategy funds	111,980		15	%	Quarterly, Semi-annually	60-95 days


Direct lending funds	269,783		35	%	n/a	n/a
Private equity funds	106,701		14	%	n/a	n/a
Real estate funds	153,163		20	%	n/a	n/a
CLO-Equities	9,189		2	%	n/a	n/a
Other privately held investments	39,493		5	%	n/a	n/a
Overseas deposits	45,082		6	%	n/a	n/a
Total other investments	$	760,206	100	%

At December 31, 2019
Long/short equity funds	$	31,248	4	%	Annually	60 days
Multi-strategy funds	136,542		18	%	Quarterly, Semi-annually	60-90 days


Direct lending funds	277,395		36	%	n/a	n/a
Private equity funds	80,412		10	%	n/a	n/a
Real estate funds	130,112		17	%	n/a	n/a
CLO-Equities	14,328		2	%	n/a	n/a
Other privately held investments	36,934		5	%	n/a	n/a
Overseas deposits	63,952		8	%	n/a	n/a
Total other investments	$	770,923	100	%

n/a - not applicable

Two common redemption restrictions which may impact the Company's ability to redeem hedge funds are gates and lockups. A gate is a suspension of redemptions which may be implemented by the general partner or investment manager of the fund in order to defer, in whole or in part, the redemption request in the event the aggregate amount of redemption requests exceeds a predetermined percentage of the fund's net assets which may otherwise hinder the general partner or investment manager's ability to liquidate holdings in an orderly fashion in order to generate the cash necessary to fund extraordinarily large redemption payouts. A lockup period is the initial amount of time an investor is contractually required to hold the security before having the ability to redeem. During the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, neither of these restrictions impacted the Company's redemption requests. At September 30, 2020, $25 million (2019: $69 million), representing 18% (2019: 41%) of total hedge funds, relate to holdings where the Company is still within the lockup period. The expiration of these lockup periods range from March 2021 to March 2022.

At September 30, 2020, the Company had $153 million (2019: $170 million) of unfunded commitments as a limited partner in direct lending funds. Once the full amount of committed capital has been called by the General Partner of each of these funds, the assets will not be fully returned until the completion of the fund's investment term. These funds have investment terms ranging from five to fifteen years and the General Partners of certain funds have the option to extend the term by up to three years.

At September 30, 2020, the Company had $20 million (2019: $24 million) of unfunded commitments as a limited partner in multi-strategy hedge funds. Once the full amount of committed capital has been called by the General Partner of each of these funds, the assets will not be fully returned until after the completion of the funds' investment term. These funds have investment terms ranging from two years to the dissolution of the underlying fund.

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AXIS CAPITAL HOLDINGS LIMITED

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)

3. INVESTMENTS (CONTINUED)

At September 30, 2020, the Company had $158 million (2019: $82 million) of unfunded commitments as a limited partner in funds which invest in real estate and real estate securities and businesses. These funds include an open-ended fund and funds with investment terms ranging from seven years to the dissolution of the underlying fund.

At September 30, 2020, the Company had $163 million (2019: $261 million) of unfunded commitments as a limited partner in private equity funds. The life of the funds is subject to the dissolution of the underlying funds. The Company expects the overall holding period to be over five years.

During 2015, the Company made a $50 million commitment as a limited partner of a bank revolver opportunity fund. The fund has an investment term of seven years and the General Partners have the option to extend the term by up to two years. At September 30, 2020, this commitment remains unfunded. It is not anticipated that the full amount of this fund will be drawn.

Syndicate 2007 holds overseas deposits which include investments in private funds where the underlying investments are primarily U.S. government, non-U.S. government and corporate debt securities. The funds do not trade on an exchange and therefore are not included within available for sale investments.

d) Equity Method Investments

During 2016, the Company paid $108 million including direct transaction costs to acquire 19% of the common equity of Harrington Reinsurance Holdings Limited ("Harrington"), the parent company of Harrington Re Ltd. ("Harrington Re"), an independent reinsurance company jointly sponsored by AXIS Capital and The Blackstone Group L.P. ("Blackstone"). Through long-term service agreements, AXIS Capital will serve as Harrington Re's reinsurance underwriting manager and Blackstone will serve as exclusive investment management service provider. As an investor, the Company expects to benefit from underwriting profit generated by Harrington Re and the income and capital appreciation Blackstone seeks to deliver through its investment management services. In addition, the Company has entered into an arrangement with Blackstone under which underwriting and investment related fees will be shared equally. Harrington is not a VIE that is required to be included in the Company's consolidated financial statements. The Company accounts for its ownership interest in Harrington under the equity method of accounting. The Company's proportionate share of the underlying equity in net assets resulted in a basis difference of $5 million which represents initial transactions costs.

e) Net Investment Income

Net investment income was derived from the following sources:


	Three months ended September 30,				Nine months ended September 30,
	2020		2019		2020		2019

Fixed maturities	$	73,992	$	96,311	$	244,394	$	285,062
Other investments	25,125		11,143		(14,574)		49,271
Equity securities	1,871		2,232		6,258		7,757
Mortgage loans	3,609		3,984		11,322		10,735
Cash and cash equivalents	2,491		7,034		9,814		20,974
Short-term investments	440		973		2,303		5,975
Gross investment income	107,528		121,677		259,517		379,774
Investment expenses	(5,572)		(5,914)		(19,419)		(18,760)
Net investment income	$	101,956	$	115,763	$	240,098	$	361,014

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AXIS CAPITAL HOLDINGS LIMITED

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)

3. INVESTMENTS (CONTINUED)

f) Net Investment Gains

The following table provides an analysis of net investment gains:


	Three months ended September 30,				Nine months ended September 30,
	2020		2019		2020		2019

Gross realized investment gains
Fixed maturities and short-term investments	$	39,926	$	32,475	$	130,874	$	61,882
Equity securities	556		1,825		24,514		3,424
Gross realized investment gains	40,482		34,300		155,388		65,306
Gross realized investment losses
Fixed maturities and short-term investments	(10,394)		(14,557)		(88,216)		(44,813)
Equity securities	(37)		(80)		(5,839)		(203)
Gross realized investment losses	(10,431)		(14,637)		(94,055)		(45,016)
Allowance for expected credit losses	3,759		—		(2,498)		—
Impairment losses(1)	(184)		—		(1,486)		—
OTTI losses	—		(1,458)		—		(6,328)
Change in fair value of investment derivatives(2)	(1,346)		2,592		1,970		287
Net unrealized gains (losses) on equity securities	23,329		(6,270)		(13,542)		34,273

Net investment gains	$	55,609	$	14,527	$	45,777	$	48,522

(1) Related to instances where the Company intends to sell securities or it is more likely than not that the Company will be required to sell securities before their anticipated recovery.

(2) Refer to Note 5 'Derivative Instruments'.

The following table provides a reconciliation of the beginning and ending balances of the allowance for expected credit losses on fixed maturities classified as available for sale:


	Three months ended September 30,				Nine months ended September 30,
	2020		2019		2020		2019

Balance at beginning of period	$	6,257	$	—	$	—	$	—
Expected credit losses on securities where credit losses were not previously recognized	194		—		22,570		—
Additions (reductions) for expected credit losses on securities where credit losses were previously recognized	(2,545)		—		(9,424)		—
Impairments of securities which the Company intends to sell or more likely than not will be required to sell	—		—		—		—
Securities sold/redeemed/matured	(1,408)		—		(10,648)		—
Balance at end of period	$	2,498	$	—	$	2,498	$	—

g) Reverse Repurchase Agreements

At September 30, 2020, the Company held $259 million (2019: $nil) of reverse repurchase agreements. These loans are fully collateralized, are generally outstanding for a short period of time and are presented on a gross basis as part of cash and cash equivalents in the Company's consolidated balance sheets. The required collateral for these loans is either cash or U.S. Treasuries at a minimum rate of 102% of the loan principal. Upon maturity, the Company receives principal and interest income. The Company monitors the estimated fair value of the securities loaned and borrowed on a daily basis with additional collateral obtained as necessary throughout the duration of the transaction.

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AXIS CAPITAL HOLDINGS LIMITED

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)

4. FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS

Fair Value Hierarchy

Fair value is defined as the price to sell an asset or transfer a liability (i.e. the "exit price") in an orderly transaction between market participants. U.S. GAAP prescribes a fair value hierarchy that prioritizes the inputs to valuation techniques used to measure fair value. The hierarchy gives the highest priority to quoted prices in active markets and the lowest priority to unobservable data. The level in the hierarchy within which a given fair value measurement falls is determined based on the lowest level input that is significant to the measurement. The hierarchy is broken down into three levels as follows:

•Level 1 - Valuations based on unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities that the Company has the ability to access.

•Level 2 - Valuations based on quoted prices in active markets for similar assets or liabilities, quoted prices for identical assets or liabilities in inactive markets, or for which significant inputs are observable (e.g. interest rates, yield curves, prepayment speeds, default rates, loss severities, etc.) or can be corroborated by observable market data.

•Level 3 - Valuations based on inputs that are unobservable and significant to the overall fair value measurement. The unobservable inputs reflect the Company's own judgments about assumptions that market participants might use.

The availability of observable inputs can vary from financial instrument to financial instrument and is affected by a wide variety of factors including, for example, the type of financial instrument, whether the financial instrument is new and not yet established in the marketplace, and other characteristics particular to the transaction. To the extent that valuation is based on models or inputs that are less observable or unobservable in the market, the determination of fair value requires significantly more judgment.

Accordingly, the degree of judgment exercised by management in determining fair value is greatest for financial instruments categorized as Level 3. In periods of market dislocation, the observability of prices and inputs may be reduced for many financial instruments. This may lead the Company to change the selection of valuation technique (from market to cash flow approach) or may cause the Company to use multiple valuation techniques to estimate the fair value of a financial instrument. This circumstance could cause an instrument to be reclassified between levels within the fair value hierarchy.

Valuation Techniques

The valuation techniques, including significant inputs and assumptions generally used to determine the fair values of the Company's financial instruments as well as the classification of the fair values of its financial instruments in the fair value hierarchy are described in detail below.

Fixed Maturities

At each valuation date, the Company uses the market approach valuation technique to estimate the fair value of its fixed maturities portfolio, where possible. The market approach includes, but is not limited to, prices obtained from third-party pricing services for identical or comparable securities and the use of "pricing matrix models" using observable market inputs such as yield curves, credit risks and spreads, measures of volatility, and prepayment speeds. Pricing from third-party pricing services is sourced from multiple vendors, where available, and the Company maintains a vendor hierarchy by asset type based on historical pricing experience and vendor expertise. Where prices are unavailable from pricing services, the Company obtains non-binding quotes from broker-dealers who are active in the corresponding markets. The valuation techniques including significant inputs and assumptions generally used to determine the fair values of the Company's fixed maturities by asset class as well as the classifications of the fair values of these securities in the fair value hierarchy are described in detail below.

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AXIS CAPITAL HOLDINGS LIMITED

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)

4. FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS (CONTINUED)

U.S. Government and Agency

U.S. government and agency securities consist primarily of bonds issued by the U.S. Treasury and mortgage pass-through agencies such as the Federal National Mortgage Association, the Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation and the Government National Mortgage Association. As the fair values of U.S. Treasury securities are based on unadjusted quoted market prices in active markets, the fair values of these securities are classified as Level 1. The fair values of U.S. government agency securities are determined using the spread above the risk-free yield curve. As the yields for the risk-free yield curve and the spreads are observable market inputs, the fair values of U.S. government agency securities are classified as Level 2.

Non-U.S. Government

Non-U.S. government securities include bonds issued by non-U.S. governments and their agencies along with supranational organizations (collectively also known as sovereign debt securities). The fair values of these securities are based on prices obtained from international indices or valuation models that include inputs such as interest rate yield curves, cross-currency basis index spreads, and country credit spreads for structures similar to the sovereign bond in terms of issuer, maturity and seniority. As the significant inputs used to price these securities are observable market inputs, the fair values of non-U.S. government securities are classified as Level 2.

Corporate Debt

Corporate debt securities consist primarily of investment-grade debt of a wide variety of corporate issuers and industries. The fair values of these securities are generally determined using the spread above the risk-free yield curve. These spreads are generally obtained from the new issue market, secondary trading and broker-dealer quotes. As the yields for the risk-free yield curve and the spreads are observable market inputs, the fair values of corporate debt securities are generally classified as Level 2. Where pricing is unavailable from pricing services, the Company obtains non-binding quotes from broker-dealers to estimate fair value. This is generally the case when there is a low volume of trading activity and current transactions are not orderly. In this event, the fair values of these securities are classified as Level 3.

Agency RMBS

Agency RMBS consist of bonds issued by the Federal National Mortgage Association, the Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation and the Government National Mortgage Association. The fair values of these securities are priced using a mortgage pool specific model which uses daily inputs from the active to be announced market and the spread associated with each mortgage pool based on vintage. As the significant inputs used to price these securities are observable market inputs, the fair values of Agency RMBS are classified as Level 2.

CMBS

CMBS mainly include investment-grade bonds originated by non-agencies. The fair values of these securities are determined using a pricing model which uses dealer quotes and other available trade information along with security level characteristics to determine deal specific spreads. As the significant inputs used to price these securities are observable market inputs, the fair values of CMBS are generally classified as Level 2. Where pricing is unavailable from pricing services, the Company obtains non-binding quotes from broker-dealers to estimate fair value. This is generally the case when there is a low volume of trading activity and current transactions are not orderly. In this event, the fair values of these securities are classified as Level 3.

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AXIS CAPITAL HOLDINGS LIMITED

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)

4. FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS (CONTINUED)

Non-agency RMBS

Non-agency RMBS mainly include investment-grade bonds originated by non-agencies. The fair values of these securities are determined using an option adjusted spread model or other relevant models, which use inputs including available trade information or broker quotes, prepayment and default projections based on historical statistics of the underlying collateral and current market data. As the significant inputs used to price these securities are observable market inputs, the fair values of non-agency RMBS are generally classified as Level 2. Where pricing is unavailable from pricing services, the Company obtains non-binding quotes from broker-dealers to estimate fair value. This is generally the case when there is a low volume of trading activity and current transactions are not orderly. In this event, the fair values of these securities are classified as Level 3.

ABS

ABS mainly include investment-grade bonds backed by pools of loans with a variety of underlying collateral, including auto loans, student loans, credit card receivables and collateralized loan obligations ("CLOs"), originated by a variety of financial institutions. The fair values of these securities are determined using a model which uses prepayment speeds and spreads sourced primarily from the new issue market. As the significant inputs used to price these securities are observable market inputs, the fair values of ABS are generally classified as Level 2. Where pricing is unavailable from pricing services, the Company obtains non-binding quotes from broker-dealers to estimate fair value. This is generally the case when there is a low volume of trading activity and current transactions are not orderly. In this event, the fair values of these securities are classified as Level 3.

Municipals

Municipals comprise revenue and general obligation bonds issued by U.S. domiciled state and municipal entities. The fair values of these securities are determined using spreads obtained from the new issue market, trade prices and broker-dealers quotes. As the significant inputs used to price these securities are observable market inputs, the fair values of municipals are classified as Level 2.

Equity Securities

Equity securities include common stocks, preferred stocks, exchange-traded funds and bond mutual funds. As the fair values of common stocks, preferred stocks and exchange-traded funds are based on unadjusted quoted market prices in active markets, the fair values of these securities are classified as Level 1. As bond mutual funds have daily liquidity, the fair values of these securities are classified as Level 2.

Other Investments

The fair value of an indirect investment in CLO-Equities is estimated using an income approach valuation technique, specifically an externally developed discounted cash flow model due to the lack of observable and relevant trades in secondary markets. As the significant inputs used to price this security are unobservable, the fair value of the indirect investment in CLO-Equities is classified as Level 3.

Other privately held investments include convertible preferred shares, common shares, convertible notes and notes payable. These investments are initially valued at cost, which approximates fair value. In subsequent measurement periods, the fair values of these investments are generally determined using capital statements obtained from each investee company. In order to assess the reasonableness of the information received from each investee company, the Company maintains an understanding of current market conditions, historical results, and emerging trends that may impact the results of operations, financial condition or liquidity of investee companies. In addition, the Company engages in regular communication with management at the investee companies. As the significant inputs used to price these investments are unobservable, the fair values of other privately held investments are classified as Level 3.

Overseas deposits include investments in private funds held by Syndicate 2007 where the underlying investments are primarily U.S. government, non-U.S. government and corporate debt securities. The funds do not trade on an exchange, and therefore are not included in available for sale investments. As the significant inputs used to price the underlying investments are observable market inputs, the fair values of overseas deposits are classified as Level 2.

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AXIS CAPITAL HOLDINGS LIMITED

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)

4. FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS (CONTINUED)

Short-term Investments

Short-term investments primarily comprise highly liquid securities with maturities greater than three months but less than one year from the date of purchase. These securities are typically not actively traded due to their approaching maturity, therefore their amortized cost approximates fair value. The fair values of short-term investments are classified as Level 2.

Derivative Instruments

Derivative instruments include foreign exchange forward contracts and exchange traded interest rate swaps that are customized to the Company's economic hedging strategies and trade in the over-the-counter derivative market. The fair values of these derivatives are determined using a market approach valuation technique based on significant observable market inputs from third party pricing vendors, non-binding broker-dealer quotes and/or recent trading activity. As the significant inputs used to price these securities are observable market inputs, the fair values of these derivatives are classified as Level 2.

Other underwriting-related derivatives include insurance and reinsurance contracts that are accounted for as derivatives. These derivative contracts are initially valued at cost which approximates fair value. In subsequent measurement periods, the fair values of these derivatives are determined using internally developed discounted cash flow models. As the significant inputs used to price these derivatives are unobservable, the fair values of these contracts are classified as Level 3.

Cash Settled Awards

Cash settled awards comprise restricted stock units that form part of the Company's compensation program. Although the fair values of these awards are determined using observable quoted market prices in active markets, the restricted stock units are not actively traded. As the significant inputs used to price these securities are observable market inputs, the fair values of these liabilities are classified as Level 2.

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AXIS CAPITAL HOLDINGS LIMITED

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)

4. FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS (CONTINUED)

The tables below present the financial instruments measured at fair value on a recurring basis for the periods indicated:


	Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets (Level 1)		Significant other observable inputs (Level 2)		Significant unobservable inputs (Level 3)		Fair value based on NAV practical expedient		Total fair value

At September 30, 2020
Assets
Fixed maturities
U.S. government and agency	$	1,911,014	$	80,452	$	—	$	—	$	1,991,466
Non-U.S. government	—		673,801		—		—		673,801
Corporate debt	—		4,794,332		2,399		—		4,796,731
Agency RMBS	—		1,677,106		—		—		1,677,106
CMBS	—		1,378,115		2,623		—		1,380,738
Non-agency RMBS	—		123,898		9,632		—		133,530
ABS	—		1,661,665		10,510		—		1,672,175
Municipals	—		283,694		—		—		283,694
	1,911,014		10,673,063		25,164		—		12,609,241
Equity securities
Common stocks	9,295		—		—		—		9,295
Preferred stocks	7,754		—		—		—		7,754
Exchange-traded funds	192,202		—		—		—		192,202
Bond mutual funds	—		208,635		—		—		208,635
	209,251		208,635		—		—		417,886
Other investments
Hedge funds (1)	—		—		—		136,795		136,795
Direct lending funds	—		—		—		269,783		269,783
Private equity funds	—		—		—		106,701		106,701
Real estate funds	—		—		—		153,163		153,163
CLO-Equities	—		—		9,189		—		9,189
Other privately held investments	—		—		39,493		—		39,493
Overseas deposits	—		45,082		—		—		45,082
	—		45,082		48,682		666,442		760,206
Short-term investments	—		69,996		—		—		69,996
Other assets
Derivative instruments (refer to Note 5)	—		7,267		—		—		7,267

Total Assets	$	2,120,265	$	11,004,043	$	73,846	$	666,442	$	13,864,596
Liabilities
Derivative instruments (refer to Note 5)	$	—	$	1,578	$	9,448	$	—	$	11,026
Cash settled awards (refer to Note 8)	—		10,160		—		—		10,160
Total Liabilities	$	—	$	11,738	$	9,448	$	—	$	21,186

(1) Includes Long/short equity and Multi-strategy funds.

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AXIS CAPITAL HOLDINGS LIMITED

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)

4. FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS (CONTINUED)


	Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets (Level 1)		Significant other observable inputs (Level 2)		Significant unobservable inputs (Level 3)		Fair value based on NAV practical expedient		Total fair value


































At December 31, 2019
Assets
Fixed maturities
U.S. government and agency	$	2,053,622	$	59,259	$	—	$	—	$	2,112,881
Non-U.S. government	—		576,592		—		—		576,592
Corporate debt	—		4,927,957		2,297		—		4,930,254
Agency RMBS	—		1,592,584		—		—		1,592,584
CMBS	—		1,359,817		5,235		—		1,365,052
Non-agency RMBS	—		84,922		—		—		84,922
ABS	—		1,598,204		489		—		1,598,693
Municipals	—		207,227		—		—		207,227
	2,053,622		10,406,562		8,021		—		12,468,205
Equity securities
Common stocks	$	193	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	193
Preferred stocks	—		—		—		—		—
Exchange-traded funds	297,325		—		—		—		297,325
Bond mutual funds	—		176,689		—		—		176,689
	297,518		176,689		—		—		474,207
Other investments
Hedge funds (1)	—		—		—		167,790		167,790
Direct lending funds	—		—		—		277,395		277,395
Private equity funds	—		—		—		80,412		80,412
Real estate funds	—		—		—		130,112		130,112
CLO-Equities	—		—		14,328		—		14,328
Other privately held investments	—		—		36,934		—		36,934
Overseas deposits	—		63,952		—		—		63,952
	—		63,952		51,262		655,709		770,923
Short-term investments	—		38,471		—		—		38,471
Other assets
Derivative instruments (refer to Note 5)	—		3,174		—		—		3,174

Total Assets	$	2,351,140	$	10,688,848	$	59,283	$	655,709	$	13,754,980
Liabilities
Derivative instruments (refer to Note 5)	$	—	$	3,965	$	9,672	$	—	$	13,637
Cash settled awards (refer to Note 8)	—		21,731		—		—		21,731
Total Liabilities	$	—	$	25,696	$	9,672	$	—	$	35,368

(1) Includes Long/short equity and Multi-strategy funds.

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AXIS CAPITAL HOLDINGS LIMITED

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)

4. FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS (CONTINUED)

The following table quantifies the significant unobservable inputs used in estimating fair values at September 30, 2020 of investments classified as Level 3 in the fair value hierarchy:


	Fair value		Valuation technique	Unobservable input	Range	Weighted average

Other investments - CLO-Equities	$	9,189	Discounted cash flow	Default rates	3.8%	3.8%
				Loss severity rate	50.0%	50.0%
				Collateral spreads	3.0%	3.0%
				Estimated maturity dates	5 years	5 years






Derivatives - Other underwriting-related derivatives	$	(9,448)	Discounted cash flow	Discount rate	0.5%	0.5%

Note: Fixed maturities of $25 million that are classified as Level 3 are excluded from the above table as these securities are priced using broker-dealer quotes. In addition, privately held investments of $39 million that are classified as Level 3 are excluded from the above table as these investments are priced using capital statements received from investee companies.

Other Investments - CLO-Equities

The CLO-Equities market continues to be relatively inactive with only a small number of transactions being observed, particularly related to transactions involving CLO-Equities held by the Company. Accordingly, the fair value of the Company's indirect investment in CLO-Equities is determined using a discounted cash flow model prepared by an external investment manager.

The default and loss severity rates are the most judgmental unobservable market inputs to the discounted cash flow model to which the valuation of the Company's indirect investment in CLO-Equities is most sensitive. A significant increase (decrease) in either of these significant inputs in isolation would result in a lower (higher) fair value estimate for the investment in CLO-Equities and, in general, a change in default rate assumptions would be accompanied by a directionally similar change in loss severity rate assumptions. Collateral spreads and estimated maturity dates are less judgmental inputs as they are based on the historical average of actual spreads and the weighted average life of the current underlying portfolios, respectively. A significant increase (decrease) in either of these significant inputs in isolation would result in a higher (lower) fair value estimate for the investment in CLO-Equities. In general, these inputs have no significant interrelationship with each other or with default and loss severity rates.

On a quarterly basis, the Company's valuation process for its indirect investment in CLO-Equities includes a review of the underlying cash flows and key assumptions used in the discounted cash flow model. The above significant unobservable inputs are reviewed and updated based on information obtained from secondary markets, including information received from the managers of the Company's CLO-Equities investment. In order to assess the reasonableness of the inputs the Company uses in the discounted cash flow model, the Company maintains an understanding of current market conditions, historical results, and emerging trends that may impact future cash flows. In addition, the assumptions the Company uses in its models are updated through regular communication with industry participants and ongoing monitoring of the deals in which the Company participates.

Derivatives - Other Underwriting-related Derivatives

Other underwriting-related derivatives are initially valued at cost which approximates fair value. In subsequent measurement periods, the fair values of these derivatives are determined using internally developed discounted cash flow models which use appropriate discount rates. The selection of an appropriate discount rate is judgmental and is the most significant unobservable input used in the valuation of these derivatives. A significant increase (decrease) in this input in isolation could result in a significantly lower (higher) fair value measurement for the derivative contracts. In order to assess the reasonableness of the inputs the Company uses in the discounted cash flow model, the Company maintains an understanding of current market conditions, historical results, as well as contract specific information that may impact future cash flows.

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AXIS CAPITAL HOLDINGS LIMITED

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)

4. FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS (CONTINUED)

The following tables present changes in Level 3 for financial instruments measured at fair value on a recurring basis:


	Opening balance		Transfers into Level 3		Transfers out of Level 3		Included in net income(1)		Included in OCI (2)		Purchases		Sales		Settlements/ distributions		Closing balance		Change in unrealized gains/(losses) (3)

Three months ended September 30, 2020
Fixed maturities
Corporate debt	$	2,298	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	101	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	2,399	$	—
CMBS	4,434		—		—		—		148		—		—		(1,959)		2,623		—
Non-agency RMBS	9,562		—		—		—		70		—		—		—		9,632		—
ABS	441		10,060		—		—		9		—		—		—		10,510		—
	16,735		10,060		—		—		328		—		—		(1,959)		25,164		—
Other investments



CLO-Equities	9,943		—		—		(422)		—		—		—		(332)		9,189		(422)
Other privately held investments	37,420		—		—		797		—		1,276		—		—		39,493		566
	47,363		—		—		375		—		1,276		—		(332)		48,682		144




Total assets	$	64,098	$	10,060	$	—	$	375	$	328	$	1,276	$	—	$	(2,291)	$	73,846	$	144

Other liabilities
Derivative instruments	$	9,818	$	—	$	—	$	(370)	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	9,448	$	(370)
Total liabilities	$	9,818	$	—	$	—	$	(370)	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	9,448	$	(370)

Nine months ended September 30, 2020
Fixed maturities
Corporate debt	$	2,297	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	102	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	2,399	$	—
CMBS	5,235		—		—		—		(64)		—		—		(2,548)		2,623		—
Non-agency RMBS	—		9,185		—		—		447		—		—		—		9,632		—
ABS	489		10,060		—		—		(39)		—		—		—		10,510		—
	8,021		19,245		—		—		446		—		—		(2,548)		25,164		—
Other investments



CLO-Equities	14,328		—		—		(3,592)		—		—		—		(1,547)		9,189		(3,592)
Other privately held investments	36,934		—		—		801		—		1,758		—		—		39,493		570
	51,262		—		—		(2,791)		—		1,758		—		(1,547)		48,682		(3,022)




Total assets	$	59,283	$	19,245	$	—	$	(2,791)	$	446	$	1,758	$	—	$	(4,095)	$	73,846	$	(3,022)

Other liabilities
Derivative instruments	$	9,672	$	—	$	—	$	9,747	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	(9,971)	$	9,448	$	(224)
Total liabilities	$	9,672	$	—	$	—	$	9,747	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	(9,971)	$	9,448	$	(224)

(1) Realized gains (losses) on fixed maturities and realized and unrealized gains (losses) on other assets and other liabilities included in net income are included in net investment gains (losses). Realized and unrealized gains (losses) on other investments included in net income are included in net investment income.

(2) Unrealized gains (losses) on fixed maturities are included in other comprehensive income ("OCI").

(3) Change in unrealized gains (losses) relating to assets held at the reporting date.

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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)

4. FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS (CONTINUED)


	Opening balance		Transfers into Level 3		Transfers out of Level 3		Included in net income(1)		Included in OCI (2)		Purchases		Sales		Settlements/ distributions		Closing balance		Change in unrealized gains/(losses)(3)

Three months ended September 30, 2019
Fixed maturities
Corporate debt	$	39,137	$	—	$	(489)	$	—	$	(97)	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	38,551	$	—
CMBS	9,892		5,285		—		—		(13)		—		—		(390)		14,774		—
Non-agency RMBS	—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
ABS	491		—		—		—		1		—		—		—		492		—
	49,520		5,285		(489)		—		(109)		—		—		(390)		53,817		—
Other investments



CLO-Equities	17,798		—		—		(1,308)		—		—		—		(1,036)		15,454		(1,308)
Other privately held investments	28,452		—		—		2,016		—		15,000		(14,749)		—		30,719		2,502
	46,250		—		—		708		—		15,000		(14,749)		(1,036)		46,173		1,194





Total assets	$	95,770	$	5,285	$	(489)	$	708	$	(109)	$	15,000	$	(14,749)	$	(1,426)	$	99,990	$	1,194

Other liabilities
Derivative instruments	$	10,262	$	—	$	—	$	(126)	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	10,136	$	(126)
Total liabilities	$	10,262	$	—	$	—	$	(126)	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	10,136	$	(126)

Nine months ended September 30, 2019
Fixed maturities
Corporate debt	$	49,012	$	—	$	(489)	$	(1,459)	$	836	$	—	$	(5,578)	$	(3,771)	$	38,551	$	—
CMBS	19,134		5,285		(4,767)		—		151		—		—		(5,029)		14,774		—
Non-agency RMBS	—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
ABS	18,533		—		(27,966)		—		175		9,750		—		—		492		—
	86,679		5,285		(33,222)		(1,459)		1,162		9,750		(5,578)		(8,800)		53,817		—
Other investments



CLO-Equities	21,271		—		—		(60)		—		—		—		(5,757)		15,454		(60)
Other privately held investments	44,518		—		—		16,877		—		17,500		(48,176)		—		30,719		3,936
	65,789		—		—		16,817		—		17,500		(48,176)		(5,757)		46,173		3,876




Total assets	$	152,468	$	5,285	$	(33,222)	$	15,358	$	1,162	$	27,250	$	(53,754)	$	(14,557)	$	99,990	$	3,876

Other liabilities
Derivative instruments	$	10,299	$	—	$	—	$	(163)	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	10,136	$	(163)
Total liabilities	$	10,299	$	—	$	—	$	(163)	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	10,136	$	(163)

(2) Unrealized gains (losses) on fixed maturities are included in other comprehensive income ("OCI").

(3) Change in unrealized gains (losses) relating to assets held at the reporting date.

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4. FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS (CONTINUED)

Transfers into Level 3 from Level 2

The transfers into Level 3 from Level 2 during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019 were primarily due to the lack of observable market inputs and multiple quotes from pricing vendors and broker-dealers for certain fixed maturities.

Transfers out of Level 3 into Level 2

There were no transfers out of Level 3 into Level 2 during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020. The transfers out of Level 3 into Level 2 during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019 were primarily due to the availability of observable market inputs and multiple quotes from pricing vendors for certain fixed maturities.

Measuring the Fair Value of Other Investments Using Net Asset Valuations

The fair values of hedge funds, direct lending funds, private equity funds and real estate funds are estimated using net asset valuations ("NAVs") as advised by external fund managers or third party administrators. For these funds, NAVs are based on the manager's or administrator's valuation of the underlying holdings in accordance with the fund's governing documents and in accordance with U.S. GAAP.

If there is a reporting lag between the current period end and reporting date of the latest available fund valuation for any hedge fund, the Company estimates fair values by starting with the most recent fund valuation and adjusting for return estimates as well as any subscriptions, redemptions and distributions that took place during the current period. Return estimates are obtained from the relevant fund managers therefore the Company does not typically have a reporting lag in fair value measurements of these funds. Historically, the Company's valuation estimates incorporating these return estimates have not significantly diverged from the subsequently received NAVs.

For direct lending funds, private equity funds, real estate funds and two of the Company's hedge funds, valuation statements are typically released on a reporting lag therefore the Company estimates the fair value of these funds by starting with the most recent fund valuations and adjusting for capital calls, redemptions, drawdowns and distributions. Return estimates are not available from the relevant fund managers for these funds therefore the Company typically has a reporting lag in its fair value measurements of these funds. At September 30, 2020, funds reported on a lag represented 74% (2019: 68%) of the Company's total other investments balance.

The Company often does not have access to financial information relating to the underlying securities held within the funds, therefore management is unable to corroborate the fair values placed on the securities underlying the asset valuations provided by fund managers or fund administrators. In order to assess the reasonableness of the NAVs, the Company performs a number of monitoring procedures on a quarterly basis, to assess the quality of the information provided by fund managers and fund administrators. These procedures include, but are not limited to, regular review and discussion of each fund's performance with its manager, regular evaluation of fund performance against applicable benchmarks and the backtesting of the Company's fair value estimates against subsequently received NAVs. Backtesting involves comparing the Company's previously reported fair values for each fund against NAVs per audited financial statements (for year-end values) and final NAVs from fund managers and fund administrators (for interim values).

The fair values of hedge funds, direct lending funds, private equity funds and real estate funds are measured using the NAV practical expedient, therefore the fair values of these funds have not been categorized within the fair value hierarchy.

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4. FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS (CONTINUED)

Financial Instruments Disclosed, But Not Carried, at Fair Value

The fair value of financial instruments accounting guidance also applies to financial instruments disclosed, but not carried, at fair value, except for certain financial instruments, including insurance contracts.

At September 30, 2020, the carrying values of cash and cash equivalents including restricted amounts, accrued investment income, receivable for investments sold, certain other assets, payable for investments purchased and certain other liabilities approximated their fair values due to their short maturities. As these financial instruments are not actively traded, their fair values are classified as Level 2.

At September 30, 2020, the carrying value of mortgage loans held-for-investment approximated their fair value. The fair values of mortgage loans are primarily determined by estimating expected future cash flows and discounting them using current interest rates for similar mortgage loans with similar credit risk or are determined from pricing for similar loans. As mortgage loans are not actively traded their fair values are classified as Level 3.

At September 30, 2020, the Company's debt was recorded at amortized cost with a carrying value of $1,309 million (2019: $1,808 million) and a fair value of $1,431 million (2019: $1,896 million). The fair value of the Company's debt is based on prices obtained from a third-party pricing service and is determined using the spread above the risk-free yield curve. These spreads are generally obtained from the new issue market, secondary trading and broker-dealer quotes. As the yields for the risk-free yield curve and the spreads are observable market inputs, the fair value of the Company's debt is classified as Level 2.

5. DERIVATIVE INSTRUMENTS

The following table provides the balance sheet classifications of derivatives recorded at fair value:


	September 30, 2020						December 31, 2019
	Derivative notional amount		Derivative asset fair value(1)		Derivative liability fair value(1)		Derivative notional amount		Derivative asset fair value(1)		Derivative liability fair value(1)

Relating to investment portfolio:
Foreign exchange forward contracts	$	256,338	$	1,804	$	201	$	68,998	$	—	$	1,405

Relating to underwriting portfolio:
Foreign exchange forward contracts	1,009,860		5,463		1,377		1,038,630		3,174		2,560


Other underwriting-related contracts	75,000		—		9,448		85,000		—		9,672
Total derivatives			$	7,267	$	11,026			$	3,174	$	13,637

(1)Asset and liability derivatives are classified within other assets and other liabilities in the consolidated balance sheets.

The notional amounts of derivative contracts represent the basis on which amounts paid or received are calculated and are presented in the above table to quantify the volume of the Company's derivative activities. Notional amounts are not reflective of credit risk.

None of the Company's derivative instruments are designated as hedges under current accounting guidance.

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5. DERIVATIVE INSTRUMENTS (CONTINUED)

Offsetting Assets and Liabilities

The Company's derivative instruments are generally traded under International Swaps and Derivatives Association master netting agreements which establish terms that apply to all transactions. In the event of a bankruptcy or other stipulated event, master netting agreements provide that individual positions be replaced with a new amount, usually referred to as the termination amount, determined by taking into account market prices and converting into a single currency. Effectively, this contractual close-out netting reduces credit exposure from gross to net exposure.

The following table provides a reconciliation of gross derivative assets and liabilities to the net amounts presented in the consolidated balance sheets, with the difference being attributable to the impact of master netting agreements:


	September 30, 2020						December 31, 2019
	Gross amounts		Gross amounts offset		Net amounts(1)		Gross amounts		Gross amounts offset		Net amounts(1)

Derivative assets	$	14,376	$	(7,109)	$	7,267	$	7,673	$	(4,499)	$	3,174
Derivative liabilities	$	18,135	$	(7,109)	$	11,026	$	18,136	$	(4,499)	$	13,637

(1)Net asset and liability derivatives are classified within other assets and other liabilities in the consolidated balance sheets.

Refer to Note 3 'Investments' for information on reverse repurchase agreements.

a) Relating to Investment Portfolio

Foreign Currency Risk

The Company's investment portfolio is exposed to foreign currency risk therefore the fair values of its investments are partially influenced by changes in foreign exchange rates. The Company may enter into foreign exchange forward contracts to manage the effect of this foreign currency risk. These foreign currency hedging activities are not designated as specific hedges for financial reporting purposes.

Interest Rate Risk

The Company's investment portfolio contains a large percentage of fixed maturities which exposes it to significant interest rate risk. As part of overall management of this risk, the Company may use interest rate swaps.

b) Relating to Underwriting Portfolio

Foreign Currency Risk

The Company's insurance and reinsurance subsidiaries and branches operate in various countries. Some of its business is written in currencies other than the U.S. dollar, therefore the underwriting portfolio is exposed to significant foreign currency risk. The Company manages foreign currency risk by seeking to match its foreign-denominated net liabilities under insurance and reinsurance contracts with cash and investments that are denominated in the same currencies. The Company uses derivative instruments, specifically, forward contracts to economically hedge foreign currency exposures.

Other Underwriting-related Risks

The Company enters into insurance and reinsurance contracts that are accounted for as derivatives. These insurance or reinsurance contracts provide indemnification to an insured or cedant as a result of a change in a variable as opposed to an identifiable insurable event. The Company considers these contracts to be part of its underwriting operations.

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5. DERIVATIVE INSTRUMENTS (CONTINUED)

The total unrealized and realized gains (losses) recognized in net income for derivatives not designated as hedges are shown in the following table:


	Location of gain (loss) recognized in net income	Three months ended September 30,				Nine months ended September 30,
		2020		2019		2020		2019


Relating to investment portfolio:
Foreign exchange forward contracts	Net investment gains (losses)	$	(1,346)	$	2,592	$	1,970	$	3,964
Interest rate swaps	Net investment gains (losses)	—		—		—		(3,677)
Relating to underwriting portfolio:
Foreign exchange forward contracts	Foreign exchange gains (losses)	16,370		(6,883)		14,811		(16,598)


Other underwriting-related contracts	Other insurance related income (losses)	370		417		(9,361)		1,035
Total		$	15,394	$	(3,874)	$	7,420	$	(15,276)

6. RESERVE FOR LOSSES AND LOSS EXPENSES

Reserve Roll-Forward

The following table presents a reconciliation of the Company's beginning and ending gross reserve for losses and loss expenses and net reserves for unpaid losses and loss expenses:


	Nine months ended September 30,
	2020		2019

Gross reserve for losses and loss expenses, beginning of period	$	12,752,081	$	12,280,769
Less reinsurance recoverable on unpaid losses and loss expenses, beginning of period	(3,877,756)		(3,501,669)
Net reserve for unpaid losses and loss expenses, beginning of period	8,874,325		8,779,100

Net incurred losses and loss expenses related to:
Current year	2,473,363		2,252,424
Prior years	(9,351)		(65,021)
	2,464,012		2,187,403
Net paid losses and loss expenses related to:
Current year	(227,332)		(329,519)
Prior years	(1,831,192)		(1,791,233)
	(2,058,524)		(2,120,752)

Foreign exchange and other	35,992		(53,037)

Net reserve for unpaid losses and loss expenses, end of period	9,315,805		8,792,714
Reinsurance recoverable on unpaid losses and loss expenses, end of period	4,337,683		3,705,793
Gross reserve for losses and loss expenses, end of period	$	13,653,488	$	12,498,507

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6. RESERVE FOR LOSSES AND LOSS EXPENSES (CONTINUED)

The Company writes business with loss experience generally characterized as low frequency and high severity in nature, which can result in volatility in its financial results. During the nine months ended September 30, 2020, the Company recognized catastrophe and weather-related losses, net of reinstatement premiums of $576 million (2019: $206 million).

Estimates for Significant Catastrophe Events

At September 30, 2020, net reserves for losses and loss expenses included estimated amounts for numerous catastrophe events. The magnitude and complexity of losses arising from certain of these events inherently increase the level of uncertainty, and therefore, increase the level of management judgment involved in arriving at estimated net reserves for losses and loss expenses. These events include the COVID-19 pandemic, Hurricanes Laura and Sally, and wildfires across the West Coast of the United States in 2020, Japanese Typhoons Hagibis, Faxai and Tapah, Hurricane Dorian, and the Australia Wildfires in 2019, Hurricanes Michael and Florence, California Wildfires, and Typhoon Jebi in 2018, and Hurricanes Harvey, Irma and Maria, and the California Wildfires in 2017. Actual losses for these events may ultimately differ materially from the Company's current estimates.

The estimate of net reserves for losses and loss expenses related to the COVID-19 pandemic represented the Company's best estimate of losses and loss adjustment expenses that have been incurred at September 30, 2020. The determination of the Company's net reserves for losses and loss expenses for its insurance segment was based on its ground-up assessment of coverage from individual contracts and treaties, including a review of contracts with potential exposure to the COVID-19 pandemic. The determination of the Company's net reserves for losses and loss expenses for its reinsurance segment was largely based on a range of industry insured loss estimates and market share analyses, supplemented by a review of in-force treaties that may provide coverage and catastrophe modeling analyses, where appropriate. In addition, the Company considered preliminary information received from clients, brokers and loss adjusters.

The estimate of net reserves for losses and loss expenses related to the COVID-19 pandemic was subject to significant uncertainty. This uncertainty was driven by the inherent difficulty in making assumptions around the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic due to the lack of comparable events, the ongoing nature of the event, and its far-reaching impacts on world-wide economies and the health of the population. These assumptions include:

•the nature and the duration of the pandemic;

•the effects on human health, the economy and the Company's customers;

•the response of government bodies including legislative, regulatory or judicial actions and social influences that could alter the interpretation of the Company's contracts;

•the coverage provided under the Company's contracts;

•the coverage provided by its ceded reinsurance; and

•the evaluation of the loss and impact of loss mitigation actions.

While the Company believes its estimate of net reserves for losses and loss expenses is adequate for losses and loss adjustment expenses that have been incurred at September 30, 2020 based on current facts and circumstances, the Company will continue to monitor the appropriateness of its assumptions as new information comes to light and will adjust its estimate of net reserves for losses and loss adjustment expenses, as appropriate. Actual losses for these events may ultimately differ materially from the Company's current estimates.

The estimate of net reserves for losses and loss expenses related to catastrophe events other than COVID-19 were derived from ground-up assessments of in-force contracts and treaties providing coverage in the affected regions. These assessments took into account the latest information available from clients, brokers and loss adjusters. In addition, the Company considered industry insured loss estimates, market share analyses and catastrophe modeling analyses, where appropriate. Estimates are subject to change as additional loss data becomes available. Actual losses for these events may ultimately differ materially from the Company's current estimates.

The Company continues to monitor paid and incurred loss development for catastrophe events and updates estimates of ultimate losses accordingly.

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6. RESERVE FOR LOSSES AND LOSS EXPENSES (CONTINUED)

Prior Year Reserve Development

The Company's net favorable prior year reserve development arises from changes to estimates of losses and loss expenses related to loss events that occurred in previous calendar years. The following table presents net prior year reserve development by segment:


	Three months ended September 30,				Nine months ended September 30,
	2020		2019		2020		2019

Insurance	$	270	$	14,609	$	4,521	$	42,849
Reinsurance	314		12,118		4,830		22,172
Total	$	584	$	26,727	$	9,351	$	65,021

The following tables map the Company's lines of business to reserve classes and the expected claim tails:

Insurance segment

Reserve class and tail

Property and other

Marine

Aviation

Credit and political risk

Professional lines

Liability

Short

Short/Medium

Medium

Long

Reported lines of business

Property

Marine

Terrorism

Aviation

Credit and political risk

Professional lines

Liability

Accident and health

Discontinued lines - Novae

Reinsurance segment

Reserve class and tail

Property and other

Credit and surety

Professional lines

Motor

Liability

Short

Medium

Long

Reported lines of business

Catastrophe

Property

Credit and surety

Professional lines

Motor

Liability

Engineering

Agriculture

Marine and other

Accident and health

Discontinued lines - Novae

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6. RESERVE FOR LOSSES AND LOSS EXPENSES (CONTINUED)

Short-tail business

Short-tail business includes the underlying exposures in property and other, marine and aviation reserve classes in the insurance segment, and the property and other reserve class in the reinsurance segment.

For the three months ended September 30, 2020, these reserve classes contributed net favorable prior year reserve development of $14 million, including net favorable prior year reserve development of $7 million contributed by the insurance property and other reserve class, net favorable prior year development of $4 million contributed by the insurance marine reserve class and net favorable prior year reserve development of $3 million contributed by the reinsurance property and other reserve class.

For the nine months ended September 30, 2020, these reserve classes contributed net favorable prior year reserve development of $44 million, including net favorable prior year reserve development of $43 million contributed by the insurance property and other reserve class and net favorable prior year development of $6 million contributed by the insurance aviation reserve class, partially offset by net adverse prior year reserve development of $5 million recognized by the reinsurance property and other reserve class.

For the three months ended September 30, 2019, these reserve classes contributed net favorable prior year reserve development of $2 million, including net favorable prior year reserve development of $11 million contributed by the insurance property and other reserve class and net favorable prior year reserve development of $3 million contributed by the insurance marine and aviation reserve classes, partially offset by net adverse prior year development of $12 million recognized by the reinsurance property and other reserve class.

For the nine months ended September 30, 2019, these reserve classes recognized net adverse prior year reserve development of $50 million, including net adverse prior year reserve development of $71 million recognized by the reinsurance property and other reserve class and net adverse prior year reserve development of $4 million recognized by the insurance property and other reserve class, partially offset by net favorable prior year reserve development of $24 million contributed by the insurance marine reserve class. The net adverse prior year reserve development of $71 million recognized by the reinsurance property and other reserve class was due to an increase in loss estimates attributable to Typhoons Jebi and Trami consistent with updated industry insured loss estimates, an increase in loss estimates attributable to Hurricane Michael, and reserve strengthening attributable to late reporting of claims bordereaux associated within the European proportional book of business related to the 2018 accident year.

Medium-tail business

Medium-tail business consists primarily of insurance and reinsurance professional lines reserve classes, insurance credit and political risk reserve class and reinsurance credit and surety reserve class.

For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020, the insurance professional lines reserve class recorded net adverse prior year reserve development of $7 million and $19 million, respectively, reflecting reserve strengthening mainly related to the 2018 and 2019 accident years and an increase in case reserves attributable to a specific large claim related to the 2009 accident year. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019, the insurance professional lines reserve class recorded net favorable prior year reserve development of $4 million and $14 million, respectively, reflecting generally favorable experience mainly related to the 2013 to 2015 accident years as the Company continued to transition to more experience based actuarial methods.

For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020, the reinsurance professional lines reserve class recorded net adverse prior year reserve development of $14 million and $13 million respectively, reflecting an increase in case reserves attributable to a specific large claim related to the 2016 accident year and reserve strengthening mainly related to the 2016 to 2018 accident years. For the three months ended September 30, 2019, the reinsurance professional lines reserve class recorded net adverse prior year reserve development of $7 million reflecting reserve strengthening within the Company's European book of business.

For the nine months ended September 30, 2019, the insurance credit and political risk reserve class recorded net favorable prior year reserve development of $10 million reflecting better than expected loss emergence.

For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020, the reinsurance credit and surety reserve class recorded net favorable prior year reserve development of $11 million (2019: $6 million) and $28 million (2019: $33 million), respectively, reflecting better than expected loss emergence.

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6. RESERVE FOR LOSSES AND LOSS EXPENSES (CONTINUED)

Long-tail business

Long-tail business consists primarily of insurance and reinsurance liability reserve classes and reinsurance motor reserve class.

For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020, the insurance liability reserve class recognized net adverse prior year reserve development of $4 million (2019: $4 million) and $25 million, respectively, primarily due to reserve strengthening within the primary casualty, U.S. excess casualty and program books of business mainly related to the 2017 and 2018 accident years.

For the nine months ended September 30, 2020, the reinsurance liability reserve class recognized net adverse prior year reserve development of $23 million due to reserve strengthening within the U.S. casualty, the U.S. multiline/regional and the European books of business mainly related to the 2016 through 2019 accident years. For the nine months ended September 30, 2019, the reinsurance liability reserve class contributed net favorable prior year reserve development of $26 million due to increased weight given by management to experience based indications on older accident years.

For the nine months ended September 30, 2020, the reinsurance motor reserve class recognized net favorable prior year reserve development of $19 million (2019: $34 million) primarily attributable to non-proportional treaty business. For the three months ended September 30, 2019, the reinsurance motor reserve class recognized net favorable prior year reserve development of $23 million primarily attributable to non-proportional treaty business.

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7. EARNINGS PER COMMON SHARE

The following table presents a comparison of earnings (loss) per common share and earnings (loss) per diluted common share:


	Three months ended September 30,				Nine months ended September 30,
	2020		2019		2020		2019

Earnings (loss) per common share
Net income (loss)	$	(65,382)	$	38,401	$	(123,167)	$	324,227

Less: Preferred share dividends	7,563		10,656		22,688		31,969

Net income (loss) available (attributable) to common shareholders	(72,945)		27,745		(145,855)		292,258
Weighted average common shares outstanding	84,308		83,947		84,235		83,872
Earnings (loss) per common share	$	(0.87)	$	0.33	$	(1.73)	$	3.48

Earnings (loss) per diluted common share
Net income (loss) available (attributable) to common shareholders	$	(72,945)	$	27,745	$	(145,855)	$	292,258

Weighted average common shares outstanding	84,308		83,947		84,235		83,872

Share-based compensation plans(1)	—		635		—		548
Weighted average diluted common shares outstanding	84,308		84,582		84,235		84,420

Earnings (loss) per diluted common share	$	(0.87)	$	0.33	$	(1.73)	$	3.46

Weighted average anti-dilutive shares excluded from the dilutive computation	859		9		1,019		204

(1) Due to the net loss recognized for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020, the share equivalents were anti-dilutive.

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8. SHARE-BASED COMPENSATION

Share-Settled Awards

The following table provides an activity summary of the Company's share-settled restricted stock units for the nine months ended September 30, 2020:


	Share-Settled Performance Restricted Stock Units			Share-Settled Service Restricted Stock Units
	Number of restricted stock units	Weighted average grant date fair value(1)		Number of restricted stock units	Weighted average grant date fair value(1)

Non-vested restricted stock units - beginning of period	258	$	53.31	1,273	$	54.32
Granted	97	62.26		802	60.60
Vested	(27)	64.01		(479)	55.32
Forfeited	(39)	48.89		(63)	58.00
Non-vested restricted stock units - end of period	289	$	55.92	1,533	$	57.14

(1) Fair value is based on the closing price of the Company's common shares on the grant date.

Cash-Settled awards

The following table provides an activity summary of the Company's cash-settled restricted stock units for the nine months ended September 30, 2020:


	Cash-Settled Performance Restricted Stock Units	Cash-Settled Service Restricted Stock Units
	Number of restricted stock units	Number of restricted stock units

Non-vested restricted stock units - beginning of period	6	853
Granted	—	1
Vested	(6)	(327)
Forfeited	—	(34)
Non-vested restricted stock units - end of period	—	493

The following table provides additional information related to share-based compensation:


Nine months ended September 30,	2020		2019

Share-based compensation expense(1)	$	36,178	$	40,635
Tax benefits associated with share-based compensation expense	$	6,036	$	6,848
Liability for cash-settled restricted stock units(2)	$	10,160	$	19,060
Fair value of restricted stock units vested(3)	$	46,939	$	49,492
Unrecognized share-based compensation expense	$	83,978	$	89,872
Expected weighted average period associated with the recognition of unrecognized share-based compensation expense	2.5 years		2.5 years

(1) Related to share-settled restricted stock units and cash-settled restricted stock units.

(2) Included in other liabilities in the consolidated balance sheets.

(3) Fair value is based on the closing price of the Company's common shares on the vest date.

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9. SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY

The following table presents changes in common shares issued and outstanding:


	Three months ended September 30,		Nine months ended September 30,
	2020	2019	2020	2019

Shares issued, balance at beginning of period	176,580	176,580	176,580	176,580
Shares issued	—	—	—	—
Total shares issued at end of period	176,580	176,580	176,580	176,580

Treasury shares, balance at beginning of period	(92,274)	(92,633)	(92,621)	(92,994)
Shares repurchased	(2)	(1)	(155)	(165)
Shares reissued	5	1	505	526
Total treasury shares at end of period	(92,271)	(92,633)	(92,271)	(92,633)

Total shares outstanding	84,309	83,947	84,309	83,947

Treasury Shares

The following table presents common shares repurchased from shares held in Treasury:


	Three months ended September 30,				Nine months ended September 30,
	2020		2019		2020		2019

In the open market:
Total shares	—		—		—		—
Total cost	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—
Average price per share(1)	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—

From employees:(2)
Total shares	2		1		155		165
Total cost	$	84	$	31	$	8,685	$	9,445
Average price per share(1)	$	46.85	$	61.23	$	55.94	$	57.23






Total shares repurchased:
Total shares	2		1		155		165
Total cost	$	84	$	31	$	8,685	$	9,445
Average price per share(1)	$	46.85	$	61.23	$	55.94	$	57.23

(1) Calculated using whole numbers.

(2) Shares are repurchased from employees to satisfy withholding tax liabilities related to the vesting of share-settled restricted stock units.

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AXIS CAPITAL HOLDINGS LIMITED

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)

9. SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY (CONTINUED)

Dividends

The following table presents dividends declared and paid related to the Company's common and preferred shares:


	Per share data
	Dividends declared		Dividends paid in period of declaration		Dividends paid in period following declaration

Three months ended September 30, 2019
Common shares	$	0.40	$	—	$	0.40
Series D preferred shares	$	0.34	$	—	$	0.34
Series E preferred shares	$	34.38	$	—	$	34.38
Three months ended September 30, 2020
Common shares	$	0.41	$	—	$	0.41

Series E preferred shares	$	34.38	$	—	$	34.38

Nine months ended September 30, 2019
Common shares	$	1.20	$	0.80	$	0.40
Series D preferred shares	$	1.03	$	0.69	$	0.34
Series E preferred shares	$	103.13	$	68.75	$	34.38
Nine months ended September 30, 2020
Common shares	$	1.23	$	0.82	$	0.41

Series E preferred shares	$	103.13	$	68.75	$	34.38

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AXIS CAPITAL HOLDINGS LIMITED

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)

10. DEBT AND FINANCING ARRANGEMENTS

a)Debt

On June 1, 2020, AXIS Specialty Finance LLC, a 100% owned finance subsidiary, repaid $500 million aggregate principal amount of 5.875% Senior Notes at their stated maturity.

b)Letters of Credit

On March 28, 2020, certain of AXIS Capital’s operating subsidiaries (the "Participating Subsidiaries") amended their existing $250 million secured letter of credit facility with Citibank Europe plc (the "$250 million Facility") to extend the expiration date to March 31, 2021.

The terms and conditions of the $500 million secured letter of credit facility (the "$500 million Facility") remain unchanged.

Letters of credit issued under the $250 million Facility and the $500 million Facility are principally used to support the reinsurance obligations of the Participating Subsidiaries. The Participating Subsidiaries are subject to certain covenants, including the requirement to maintain sufficient collateral to cover the obligations outstanding under the facilities. Such obligations include contingent reimbursement obligations for outstanding letters of credit and fees payable to Citibank Europe plc. In the event of default, Citibank Europe plc may exercise certain remedies, including the exercise of control over pledged collateral and the termination facility to any or all of the Participating Subsidiaries.

11. COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES

Legal Proceedings

From time to time, the Company is subject to routine legal proceedings, including arbitrations, arising in the ordinary course of business. These legal proceedings generally relate to claims asserted by or against the Company in the ordinary course of insurance or reinsurance operations. Estimated amounts payable under such proceedings are included in the reserve for losses and loss expenses in the consolidated balance sheets.

The Company is not party to any material legal proceedings arising outside the ordinary course of business.

Investments

Refer to Note 3 - 'Investments' for information on the Company's unfunded investment commitments related to the Company's other investment portfolio.

12. REORGANIZATION EXPENSES

For the three and nine months ended months ended September 30, 2020, reorganization expenses were $1 million (2019: $11 million) and $1 million (2019: $29 million), respectively, related to the Company's transformation program which was launched in 2017. This program encompasses the integration of Novae which commenced in the fourth quarter of 2017, the realignment of the Company's accident and health business, together with other initiatives designed to increase efficiency and enhance profitability while delivering a customer-centric operating model.

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AXIS CAPITAL HOLDINGS LIMITED

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)

13. OTHER COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS)

The following table presents the tax effects allocated to each component of other comprehensive income (loss):


	2020						2019
	Before tax amount		Income tax (expense) benefit		Net of tax amount		Before tax amount		Income tax (expense) benefit		Net of Tax Amount

Three months ended September 30,
Available for sale investments:
Unrealized gains (losses) arising during the period for which an allowance for expected credit losses has not been recognized	$	105,932	$	(10,820)	$	95,112	$	45,939	$	(6,370)	$	39,569
Unrealized gains (losses) arising during the period for which an allowance for expected credit losses has been recognized	218		2		220		—		—		—
Adjustment for reclassification of net realized (gains) losses, impairment losses and OTTI losses recognized in net income (loss)	(33,100)		3,970		(29,130)		(16,446)		1,638		(14,808)
Unrealized gains (losses) arising during the period, net of reclassification adjustment	73,050		(6,848)		66,202		29,493		(4,732)		24,761

Foreign currency translation adjustment	2,310		—		2,310		(4,610)		—		(4,610)


Total other comprehensive income, net of tax	$	75,360	$	(6,848)	$	68,512	$	24,883	$	(4,732)	$	20,151

Nine months ended September 30,
Available for sale investments:
Unrealized gains (losses) arising during the period for which an allowance for expected credit losses has not been recognized	$	243,522	$	(33,139)	$	210,383	$	399,652	$	(38,432)	$	361,220
Unrealized gains (losses) arising during the period for which an allowance for expected credit losses has been recognized	(110)		(2)		(112)		—		—		—
Adjustment for reclassification of net realized (gains) losses, impairment losses and OTTI losses recognized in net income (loss)	(38,584)		8,295		(30,289)		(10,713)		2,290		(8,423)
Unrealized gains (losses) arising during the period, net of reclassification adjustment	204,828		(24,846)		179,982		388,939		(36,142)		352,797

Foreign currency translation adjustment	(1,581)		—		(1,581)		609		—		609


Total other comprehensive income, net of tax	$	203,247	$	(24,846)	$	178,401	$	389,548	$	(36,142)	$	353,406

The following table presents details of amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income ("AOCI") to net income (loss):


		Amount reclassified from AOCI(1)
AOCI Components	Consolidated statement of operations line item that includes reclassification adjustment	Three months ended September 30,				Nine months ended September 30,
		2020		2019		2020		2019

Unrealized gains on available for sale investments
	Other realized gains (losses)	$	33,284	$	17,904	$	40,070	$	17,041
	Impairment losses	(184)				(1,486)		—
	OTTI losses	—		(1,458)		—		(6,328)
	Total before tax	33,100		16,446		38,584		10,713
	Income tax (expense) benefit	(3,970)		(1,638)		(8,295)		(2,290)
	Net of tax	$	29,130	$	14,808	$	30,289	$	8,423

(1) Amounts in parentheses are charges to net income (loss).

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ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

The following is a discussion and analysis of our results of operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019 and our financial condition at September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019. This should be read in conjunction with Item 1 'Consolidated Financial Statements' of this report and our Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019. Tabular dollars are in thousands, except per share amounts. Amounts in tables may not reconcile due to rounding differences.


			Page

Third Quarter 2020 Financial Highlights			47
Overview			48
Consolidated Results of Operations			51
Results by Segment:
i) Insurance Segment			53
ii) Reinsurance Segment			59
Net Investment Income and Net Investment Gains (Losses)			65
Other Expenses (Revenues), Net			67
Financial Measures			69
Non-GAAP Financial Measures Reconciliation			71
Cash and Investments			74
Liquidity and Capital Resources			77
Critical Accounting Estimates			80
Recent Accounting Pronouncements			80
Off-Balance Sheet and Special Purpose Entity Arrangements			80

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THIRD QUARTER 2020 FINANCIAL HIGHLIGHTS

Third Quarter 2020 Consolidated Results of Operations

•Net loss attributable to common shareholders of $73 million, or $(0.87) per common share and diluted common share

•Operating loss(1) of $65 million, or $(0.77) per diluted common share(1)

•Gross premiums written of $1.3 billion

•Net premiums written of $0.8 billion

•Net premiums earned of $1.1 billion

•Estimated pre-tax catastrophe and weather-related losses, net of reinsurance and reinstatement premiums, of $240 million (insurance: $132 million and reinsurance: $108 million), or 22.2 points on the current accident year loss ratio, primarily attributable to Hurricanes Laura and Sally, the Midwest derecho, wildfires across the West Coast of the United States, the Beirut port explosion and other weather-related events.

•Underwriting loss(2) of $135 million and combined ratio of 114.5%

•Net investment income of $102 million

•Net investment gains of $56 million

•Foreign exchange losses of $61 million

Third Quarter 2020 Consolidated Financial Condition

•Total cash and investments of $15.6 billion; fixed maturities, cash and short-term securities comprise 91% of total cash and investments and have an average credit rating of AA-

•Total assets of $26.5 billion

•Reserve for losses and loss expenses of $13.7 billion and reinsurance recoverable on unpaid and paid losses and loss expenses of $4.7 billion

•Total debt of $1.3 billion and debt to total capital ratio(3) of 19.9%

•Common shareholders’ equity of $4.7 billion; book value per diluted common share of $54.75

(1)Operating income (loss) and operating income (loss) per diluted common share are non-GAAP financial measures as defined in Item 10(e) of SEC Regulation S-K. The reconciliations to the most comparable GAAP financial measures, net income (loss) available (attributable) to common shareholders and earnings (loss) per diluted common share, respectively, and a discussion of the rationale for the presentation of these items are provided in 'Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations – Non-GAAP Financial Measures Reconciliation'.

(2)Consolidated underwriting income (loss) is a non-GAAP financial measure as defined in Item 10(e) of SEC Regulation S-K. The reconciliation to net income (loss), the most comparable GAAP financial measure, is presented in 'Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations – Consolidated Results of Operations'.

(3)The debt to total capital ratio is calculated by dividing debt by total capital. Total capital represents the sum of total shareholders’ equity and debt.

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OVERVIEW

Business Overview

AXIS Capital Holdings Limited ("AXIS Capital"), through its operating subsidiaries, is a global provider of specialty lines insurance and treaty reinsurance with operations in Bermuda, the U.S., Europe, Singapore, Canada and the Middle East. Our underwriting operations are organized around our global underwriting platforms, AXIS Insurance and AXIS Re.

We provide our clients and distribution partners with a broad range of risk transfer products and services, and meaningful capacity, backed by significant financial strength. We manage our portfolio holistically, aiming to construct the optimum consolidated portfolio of risks, consistent with our risk appetite and development of our franchise. We nurture an ethical, entrepreneurial and disciplined culture that promotes outstanding client service, intelligent risk taking and the achievement of superior risk-adjusted returns for our shareholders. We believe that the achievement of our objectives will position us as a global leader in specialty risks. The execution of our strategy for the first nine months of 2020 included the following:

•implementing a global response strategy to help manage and mitigate the impact of COVID-19, spanning underwriting, capital management, investments, operations and employee welfare;

•increasing our relevance in a select number of attractive specialty lines insurance and treaty reinsurance markets, and continuing the implementation of a more focused distribution strategy;

•continuing to grow a leadership position in the areas of our business with strong potential for profitable growth including U.S. excess and surplus lines, North America professional lines and Lloyd's specialty insurance business;

•continuing to re-balance our portfolio towards less volatile lines of business that carry attractive rates;

•continuing to improve in the effectiveness and efficiency of our operating platforms and processes;

•investing in data and technology capabilities, and tools to empower our underwriters and enhance the service that we provide to our customers;

•broadening risk-funding sources and the development of vehicles that utilize third-party capital; and

•growing our corporate citizenship program to give back to our communities and help contribute to a more sustainable future.

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Outlook

We are committed to leadership in specialty insurance and global reinsurance, where we have depth of talent and expertise. We believe we are well-positioned to succeed in the rapidly evolving marketplace. Through our hybrid strategy, we have developed substantial platforms, providing us with both balance and diversification, enabling us to take advantage of positive opportunities in either market to generate the most attractive risk-return portfolio for our shareholders. We believe our market positioning, underwriting expertise, best-in-class claims management capabilities, and strong relationships with our distributors and clients will provide opportunities for increased profitability, with differences among our lines driven by our tactical response to market conditions.

Rates, terms and conditions across virtually all insurance lines continued to see accelerating improvement. While the insurance market remains competitive with capacity and capital willing to support business with a broad range of return hurdles in certain pockets, there has been more consistent signs of firming. We expect many specialty segments will experience further pricing improvements as carriers assess pricing, portfolio construction and account preferences through the course of the year. In this competitive market environment, we are focusing on lines of business and market segments that are adequately priced, and we are trading off growth for profitability in other areas.

The reinsurance market is also experiencing acceleration in rates, and improved terms and conditions, as well as restructuring of treaties and demand for more reinsurance. This is being driven by meaningful adjustments to both supply and demand given the significant losses in recent years and mounting pressure in the industry with uncertainty of future loss costs, record low interest rates, and pressure on reserves in long-tail lines. We believe this will contribute to a healthier, more profitable market that still requires strong underwriting discipline and portfolio management. During the last few years, we have repositioned our portfolio while emphasizing strong underwriting and, at the same time, have achieved increased relevance with our clients in the markets where we choose to compete. The external environment is dynamic with reinsurance markets improving quickly, and conditions now expected to be favorable in several areas. These conditions allow for profitable growth in some areas and continued discipline in others. Overall, we believe our business is well-positioned for the current market environment.

We are encouraged by the pricing improvements that we are seeing across both the insurance and reinsurance segments and – at the same time – maintain a disciplined approach to our underwriting. While there is positive rate momentum across most lines and markets, not all lines are at adequate levels and, in multiple cases, more rate is needed to deliver adequate returns, particularly given recent high loss experience in the market, COVID-19, and lower interest rates. Where prices appropriately reflect these trends to deliver adequate profitability we will look to grow within our risk and volatility guidelines. With the most balanced book in the history of our company, we believe AXIS is well positioned to drive profitable growth within the current market environment.

Recent Developments Related to COVID-19

On March 11, 2020, COVID-19, a novel coronavirus outbreak, was declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization. The COVID-19 crisis upended the marketplace and society on a global scale, and its impact is being felt within the insurance and reinsurance industry and at AXIS Capital.

COVID-19, and its related impacts, are an emerging and evolving risk to which we are exposed from an underwriting, investments, capital and liquidity, operations and employee welfare perspective. We have implemented a global response strategy to help manage and mitigate these risks.

Our team continues to track the situation closely, including stress and scenario testing on existing underwriting and investment exposures, taking into consideration among other assumptions, the possible severity and duration of the outbreak.

Reserving

At September 30, 2020 estimated pre-tax catastrophe and weather-related losses, net of reinstatement premiums, associated with first party coverages attributable to the COVID-19 pandemic, remains unchanged from the first quarter at $235 million. First party losses are primarily associated with property related coverages, but also includes event cancellation, and accident and health coverages.

The estimate of net reserves for losses and loss expenses related to the COVID-19 pandemic is subject to significant uncertainty. This uncertainty is driven by the inherent difficulty in making assumptions around the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic due to the lack of comparable events, the ongoing nature of the event, and its far-reaching impacts to world-wide economies and the health of the global population.

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The estimate does not include an explicit estimate of potential losses arising from the indirect impacts of COVID-19 which would primarily impact third party coverages such as professional lines, liability and credit lines. We expect that it may take several quarters, or potentially several years, for the full impact of COVID-19 and its economic repercussions on these lines of business to fully emerge.

While we believe the overall estimate of net reserves for losses and loss expenses is adequate for losses and loss adjustment expenses that have been incurred at September 30, 2020 based on current facts and circumstances, we will continue to monitor the appropriateness of our assumptions as new information comes to light and will adjust the estimate of net reserves for losses and loss adjustment expenses, as appropriate. Refer to 'Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations – Results by Segment' for further information.

Actual losses for this event may ultimately differ materially from current estimates.

Underwriting

As our industry and society continues to navigate the challenges brought on by COVID-19, we are closely monitoring cash receipts from our customers and reinsurers, giving due consideration to related directives issued by certain government agencies. At September 30, 2020, we considered the potential financial impact of COVID-19 when determining allowances for expected credit losses for insurance and reinsurance premium balances receivable and reinsurance recoverable balances on unpaid losses. Based on facts and circumstances at that time, we did not adjust allowances for expected credit losses at September 30, 2020. We will continue to monitor the appropriateness of allowances for expected credit losses as new information comes to light. Adjustments to allowances for expected credit losses in subsequent periods could be material.

Our underwriters are reassessing risk appetite in light of the COVID-19 pandemic, in particular as it relates to exposure to communicable diseases, viruses, pathogens and other similar risks. We are taking appropriate steps to mitigate exposure to these types of risks, including increasing pricing and adding policy terms and conditions, including exclusions. During the remainder of 2020, premium volume may be adversely impacted due to the disruption to both society and the insurance and reinsurance marketplace on a global scale. Adjustments to premiums in subsequent periods could be material.

Capital and Liquidity

Following two debt issuances in 2019 that raised $725 million at favorable rates, we redeemed our Series D preferred shares of $225 million at par in January 2020 and we repaid unsecured senior notes of $500 million at maturity in June 2020. At September 30, 2020, no long-term debt will mature until the end of 2027. In addition, our common share repurchase plan expired in 2017 and has not been renewed. We continue to have capital above the level required by our group regulator, the Bermuda Monetary Authority.

We have a prudently constructed fixed maturity portfolio of $13 billion, with an average credit rating of AA-, which closely matches the duration of our liabilities. Unrestricted cash and cash equivalents of $1 billion and equity securities of 0.4 billion at September 30, 2020 provide additional liquidity.

In the first quarter, we reduced our 2020 expense budget by approximately $50 million based on the specific impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on our business. A significant amount of these temporary expense savings were realized in recent quarters by reducing performance related compensation and travel and entertainment costs, given remote working. In addition, we have deferred non-critical hires and delayed certain projects.

We expect cash flows generated from operations, combined with liquidity provided by our investment portfolio, will be sufficient to cover cash outflows and other contractual commitments that become due within one year after the date that the financial statements are issued. We review each claim on an individual basis and where our policies provide coverage, we make payments to help our insureds overcome financial setbacks.

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CONSOLIDATED RESULTS OF OPERATIONS


	Three months ended September 30,					Nine months ended September 30,
	2020		% Change	2019		2020		% Change	2019

Underwriting revenues:
Gross premiums written	$	1,331,178	(5%)	$	1,406,506	$	5,478,519	(3%)	$	5,637,491
Net premiums written	815,982		(5%)	856,081		3,550,960		(4%)	3,703,460
Net premiums earned	1,091,312		(6%)	1,157,307		3,283,941		(4%)	3,415,126
Other insurance related income (loss)	1,440		(6%)	1,533		(5,270)		nm	11,385
Underwriting expenses:
Net losses and loss expenses	(879,677)		3%	(850,913)		(2,464,012)		13%	(2,187,403)
Acquisition costs	(230,564)		(11%)	(260,026)		(697,716)		(9%)	(762,807)
Underwriting-related general and administrative expenses(1)	(117,835)		(7%)	(126,619)		(361,623)		(9%)	(398,540)
Underwriting income (loss)	$	(135,324)		$	(78,718)	$	(244,680)		$	77,761

Net investment income	101,956		(12%)	115,763		240,098		(33%)	361,014
Net investment gains	55,609		nm	14,527		45,777		(6%)	48,522
Corporate expenses(1)	(20,988)		(27%)	(28,903)		(74,915)		(23%)	(97,468)
Other (expenses) revenues, net	(76,308)		nm	41,501		(68,401)		nm	15,323


Reorganization expenses	(1,413)		nm	(11,215)		(822)		nm	(29,310)
Amortization of value of business acquired	(1,028)		nm	(4,368)		(4,111)		nm	(24,666)
Amortization of intangible assets	(2,838)		—%	(2,831)		(8,564)		(2%)	(8,744)

Income (loss) before income taxes and interest in income (loss) of equity method investments	(80,334)			45,756		(115,618)			342,432
Income tax (expense) benefit	12,056		nm	(8,147)		6,030		nm	(23,850)
Interest in income (loss) of equity method investments	2,896		nm	792		(13,579)		nm	5,645
Net income (loss)	$	(65,382)		$	38,401	$	(123,167)		$	324,227

Preferred share dividends	(7,563)		(29%)	(10,656)		(22,688)		(29%)	(31,969)

Net income (loss) available (attributable) to common shareholders	$	(72,945)		$	27,745	$	(145,855)		$	292,258

nm – not meaningful

(1)Underwriting-related general and administrative expenses is a non-GAAP financial measure as defined in Item 10(e) of SEC Regulation S-K. The reconciliation to general and administrative expenses, the most comparable GAAP financial measure, also included corporate expenses of $20,988 and $28,903 for the three months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively, and $74,915 and $97,468 for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively. Refer to 'Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations – Other Expenses (Revenues), Net' for additional information on corporate expenses. Refer also to 'Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations – Non-GAAP Financial Measures Reconciliation' for additional information.

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Underwriting Revenues

Underwriting revenues by segment were as follows:


	Three months ended September 30,					Nine months ended September 30,
	2020		% Change	2019		2020		% Change	2019

Gross premiums written:
Insurance	$	935,817	5%	$	894,902	$	2,914,100	7%	$	2,714,322
Reinsurance	395,361		(23%)	511,604		2,564,419		(12%)	2,923,169
Total gross premiums written	$	1,331,178	(5%)	$	1,406,506	$	5,478,519	(3%)	$	5,637,491

Percent of gross premiums written ceded
Insurance	42%		— pts	42%		41%		1 pt	40%
Reinsurance	31%		(3) pts	34%		29%		— pts	29%
Total percent of gross premiums ceded	39%		— pts	39%		35%		1 pt	34%

Net premiums written:
Insurance	$	544,857	5%	$	517,050	$	1,729,268	6%	$	1,638,197
Reinsurance	271,125		(20%)	339,031		1,821,692		(12%)	2,065,263
Total net premiums written	$	815,982	(5%)	$	856,081	$	3,550,960	(4%)	$	3,703,460

Net premiums earned:
Insurance	$	570,184	6%	$	536,451	$	1,709,268	5%	$	1,630,473
Reinsurance	521,128		(16%)	620,856		1,574,673		(12%)	1,784,653
Total net premiums earned	$	1,091,312	(6%)	$	1,157,307	$	3,283,941	(4%)	$	3,415,126

Refer to 'Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations - Results by Segment' for additional information on underwriting revenues.

Underwriting Expenses

The components of the combined ratio were as follows:


	Three months ended September 30,					Nine months ended September 30,
	2020		% Point Change	2019		2020		% Point Change	2019

Current accident year loss ratio excluding catastrophe and weather-related losses	58.5	%	(3.2)	61.7	%	57.8	%	(2.3)	60.1	%
Catastrophe and weather-related losses ratio	22.2	%	8.1	14.1	%	17.5	%	11.6	5.9	%
Current accident year loss ratio	80.7	%	4.9	75.8	%	75.3	%	9.3	66.0	%
Prior year reserve development ratio	(0.1	%)	2.2	(2.3	%)	(0.3	%)	1.6	(1.9	%)
Net losses and loss expenses ratio	80.6	%	7.1	73.5	%	75.0	%	10.9	64.1	%
Acquisition cost ratio	21.1	%	(1.4)	22.5	%	21.2	%	(1.1)	22.3	%
General and administrative expense ratio(1)	12.8	%	(0.6)	13.4	%	13.4	%	(1.1)	14.5	%
Combined ratio	114.5	%	5.1	109.4	%	109.6	%	8.7	100.9	%

(1) The general and administrative expense ratio included corporate expenses not allocated to underwriting segments of 1.9% and 2.5% for the three months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively, and 2.3% and 2.9% for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively. Refer to 'Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations – Other Expenses (Revenues), Net' for further details.

Refer to 'Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations - Results by Segment' for additional information on underwriting expenses.

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RESULTS BY SEGMENT

Insurance Segment

Results for the insurance segment were as follows:


	Three months ended September 30,							Nine months ended September 30,
	2020			% Change	2019			2020			% Change	2019

Revenues:
Gross premiums written	$	935,817		5%	$	894,902		$	2,914,100		7%	$	2,714,322
Net premiums written	544,857			5%	517,050			1,729,268			6%	1,638,197
Net premiums earned	570,184			6%	536,451			1,709,268			5%	1,630,473
Other insurance related income	688			6%	733			2,091			18%	1,779

Expenses:
Current accident year net losses and loss expenses	(443,659)				(353,575)			(1,257,090)				(1,004,293)
Prior year reserve development	270				14,609			4,521				42,849
Acquisition costs	(114,569)				(115,551)			(343,579)				(344,981)
Underwriting-related general and administrative expenses	(94,379)				(100,559)			(284,909)				(311,491)

Underwriting income (loss)	$	(81,465)			$	(17,892)		$	(169,698)			$	14,336

Ratios:				% Point Change							% Point Change
Current accident year loss ratio excluding catastrophe and weather-related losses	54.7		%	(3.5)	58.2		%	54.8		%	(2.9)	57.7		%
Catastrophe and weather-related losses ratio	23.1		%	15.4	7.7		%	18.7		%	14.8	3.9		%
Current accident year loss ratio	77.8		%	11.9	65.9		%	73.5		%	11.9	61.6		%
Prior year reserve development ratio	—		%	2.7	(2.7		%)	(0.2		%)	2.4	(2.6		%)
Net losses and loss expenses ratio	77.8		%	14.6	63.2		%	73.3		%	14.3	59.0		%
Acquisition cost ratio	20.1		%	(1.4)	21.5		%	20.1		%	(1.1)	21.2		%
Underwriting-related general and administrative expense ratio	16.5		%	(2.3)	18.8		%	16.7		%	(2.3)	19.0		%
Combined ratio	114.4		%	10.9	103.5		%	110.1		%	10.9	99.2		%

nm – not meaningful

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Gross Premiums Written

Gross premiums written by line of business were as follows:


	Three months ended September 30,									Nine months ended September 30,
	2020				2019				% Change	2020				2019				% Change

Property	$	238,599	26	%	$	241,517	27	%	(1%)	$	741,043	27	%	$	701,314	27	%	6%
Marine	82,810		9	%	91,161		10	%	(9%)	355,503		12	%	337,529		12	%	5%
Terrorism	14,767		2	%	17,284		2	%	(15%)	42,296		1	%	46,803		2	%	(10%)
Aviation	22,702		2	%	17,623		2	%	29%	63,725		2	%	53,832		2	%	18%
Credit and political risk	24,473		3	%	32,528		4	%	(25%)	100,151		3	%	114,511		4	%	(13%)
Professional lines	338,907		36	%	272,362		30	%	24%	943,635		32	%	820,953		30	%	15%
Liability	172,747		18	%	186,253		21	%	(7%)	548,023		19	%	518,925		19	%	6%
Accident and health	39,262		4	%	34,054		4	%	15%	117,743		4	%	113,228		4	%	4%
Discontinued lines - Novae	1,550		—	%	2,120		—	%	(27%)	1,981		—	%	7,227		—	%	nm
Total	$	935,817	100	%	$	894,902	100	%	5%	$	2,914,100	100	%	$	2,714,322	100	%	7%

nm – not meaningful

Gross premiums written for the three months ended September 30, 2020, increased by $41 million, or 5%, ($31 million, or 3% on a constant currency basis(1)), compared to the three months ended September 30, 2019. The increase was primarily attributable to professional lines, accident and health, and aviation lines, partially offset by decreases in liability, marine, and credit and political risk lines.

The increase in professional lines was due to new business and favorable rate changes. The increase in accident and health lines was due to new business. The increase in aviation lines was due to a timing difference and favorable rate changes. The decreases in liability and credit and political risk lines were due to a higher level of non-renewals and reduced business opportunities related to the current economic climate. The decrease in marine lines was due to a timing difference and non-renewals.

Gross premiums written for the nine months ended September 30, 2020, increased by $200 million, or 7%, compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2019. The increase was primarily attributable to professional lines, property, liability, marine, and aviation lines, partially offset by a decrease in credit and political risk lines.

The increases in professional lines, property, liability, and marine lines were due to new business and favorable rate changes. The increase in aviation lines was due to timing differences. The decrease in credit and political risk lines was due to non-renewals and reduced business opportunities related to the current economic climate.

Ceded Premiums Written

Ceded premiums written for the three months ended September 30, 2020, was $391 million, or 42% of gross premiums written, compared to $378 million, or 42% of gross premiums written for the three months ended September 30, 2019. The increase in ceded premiums written of $13 million or 3% was primarily driven by increases in professional lines and property lines, partially offset by decreases in liability, marine, and credit and political risk lines.

Ceded premiums written for the nine months ended September 30, 2020, was $1,185 million, or 41% of gross premiums written, compared to $1,076 million, or 40% of gross premiums written for the nine months ended September 30, 2019. The increase in ceded premiums written of $109 million, or 10%, was primarily driven by increases in professional lines, property, liability, and marine lines, partially offset by a decrease in credit and political risk lines.

(1) Amounts presented on a constant currency basis are non-GAAP financial measures as defined in Item10 (e) of SEC Regulation S-K. The constant currency basis is calculated by applying the average foreign exchange rate from the current year to the prior year balance.

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Net Premiums Earned

Net premiums earned by line of business were as follows:


	Three months ended September 30,									Nine months ended September 30,
	2020				2019				% Change	2020				2019				% Change

Property	$	145,717	27	%	$	154,751	29	%	(6%)	$	452,876	26	%	$	481,450	30	%	(6%)
Marine	76,544		13	%	65,437		12	%	17%	220,248		13	%	209,629		13	%	5%
Terrorism	11,728		2	%	11,605		2	%	1%	34,675		2	%	35,635		2	%	(3%)
Aviation	19,039		3	%	10,993		2	%	nm	51,236		3	%	38,603		2	%	33%
Credit and political risk	23,781		4	%	19,432		4	%	22%	77,721		5	%	66,412		4	%	17%
Professional lines	179,441		31	%	172,280		32	%	4%	530,651		31	%	490,928		30	%	8%
Liability	76,487		13	%	68,002		13	%	12%	234,522		14	%	192,352		12	%	22%
Accident and health	37,151		7	%	32,368		6	%	15%	106,015		6	%	108,402		7	%	(2%)
Discontinued lines - Novae	296		—	%	1,583		—	%	nm	1,324		—	%	7,062		—	%	nm
Total	$	570,184	100	%	$	536,451	100	%	6%	$	1,709,268	100	%	$	1,630,473	100	%	5%

nm – not meaningful

Net premiums earned for the three months ended September 30, 2020, increased by $34 million, or 6%, ($27 million, or 5% on a constant currency basis), compared to the three months ended September 30, 2019. The increase was primarily driven by increases in gross premiums earned in professional lines, liability, and marine lines, together with a decrease in ceded premiums earned in aviation lines, partially offset by increases in ceded premiums earned in professional lines and liability lines, and a decrease in gross premiums earned in property lines.

Net premiums earned for the nine months ended September 30, 2020, increased by $79 million, or 5%, compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2019. The increase was primarily driven by increases in gross premiums earned in liability, professional lines, marine, and credit and political risk lines, together with decreases in ceded premiums earned in property and aviation lines, partially offset by increases in ceded premiums earned in liability and professional lines, and a decrease in gross premiums earned in property lines.

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Loss Ratio

The components of the loss ratio were as follows:


	Three months ended September 30,					Nine months ended September 30,
	2020		% Point Change	2019		2020		% Point Change	2019

Current accident year	77.8	%	11.9	65.9	%	73.5	%	11.9	61.6	%
Prior year reserve development	—	%	2.7	(2.7	%)	(0.2	%)	2.4	(2.6	%)
Loss ratio	77.8	%	14.6	63.2	%	73.3	%	14.3	59.0	%

Current Accident Year Loss Ratio

The current accident year loss ratio increased to 77.8% and 73.5% for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020, respectively, from 65.9% and 61.6% for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019, respectively.

During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020, catastrophe and weather-related losses, net of reinstatement premiums, were $132 million, or 23.1 points, and $325 million, or 18.7 points, respectively. During the three months ended September 30, 2020, these losses were primarily attributable to Hurricanes Laura and Sally, the Beirut port explosion, wildfires across the West Coast of the United States, and other weather-related events. During the nine months ended September 30, 2020 catastrophe and weather-related losses included $137 million associated with first party coverages attributable to the COVID-19 pandemic. These losses were primarily associated with property-related coverages, but also included event cancellation coverages. The remaining losses of $188 million were primarily attributable to Hurricanes Laura and Sally, the Beirut port explosion, wildfires across the West Coast of the United States, and other weather-related events. Comparatively, during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019, catastrophe and weather-related losses were $41 million, or 7.7 points, and $64 million, or 3.9 points, respectively.

After adjusting for the impact of the catastrophe and weather-related losses, the current accident year loss ratio decreased to 54.7% for the three months ended September 30, 2020, from 58.2% for the three months ended September 30, 2019. The decrease in the current accident year loss ratio after adjusting for the impact of the catastrophe and weather-related losses was principally due to the impact of favorable pricing over loss trends, improved loss experience in property, marine, credit and political risk, and aviation lines largely associated with the repositioning of the portfolio.

After adjusting for the impact of the catastrophe and weather-related losses, the current accident year loss ratio decreased to 54.8% for the nine months ended September 30, 2020, from 57.7% for the nine months ended September 30, 2019. The decrease in the current accident year loss ratio after adjusting for the impact of the catastrophe and weather-related losses was principally due to the impact of favorable pricing over loss trends, improved loss experience in property, credit and political risk, marine and aviation lines, partially offset by changes in business mix.

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Prior Year Reserve Development

The following table maps lines of business to reserve classes and the expected claim tails:

Insurance segment

Reserve class and tail

Property and other

Marine

Aviation

Credit and political risk

Professional lines

Liability

Short

Short/Medium

Medium

Long

Reported lines of business

Property

Marine

Terrorism

Aviation

Credit and political risk

Professional lines

Liability

Accident and health

Discontinued lines - Novae

Prior year reserve development by reserve class were as follows:


	Three months ended September 30,				Nine months ended September 30,
	2020		2019		2020		2019

Property and other	$	6,907	$	11,427	$	42,688	$	(4,426)
Marine	4,095		2,119		633		23,753
Aviation	(326)		471		5,667		1,671
Credit and political risk	871		1,217		(223)		10,278
Professional lines	(7,287)		3,656		(19,086)		13,899
Liability	(3,990)		(4,281)		(25,158)		(2,326)
Total	$	270	$	14,609	$	4,521	$	42,849

For the three months ended September 30, 2020, we recognized $0.3 million of net favorable prior year reserve development, the principal components of which were:

•$7 million of net favorable prior year reserve development on property and other business primarily due to better than expected loss emergence attributable to the 2019 catastrophe events.

•$4 million of net favorable prior year reserve development on marine business primarily due better than expected loss emergence mainly related to the 2018 accident year.

•$7 million of net adverse prior year reserve development on professional lines business primarily due to reserve strengthening within the European professional indemnity and financial institutions books of business mainly related to the 2018 accident year and an increase in case reserves attributable to a specific large claim related to the 2009 accident year.

•$4 million of net adverse prior year reserve development on liability business primarily due to reserve strengthening within the primary casualty, U.S. excess casualty and program books of business mainly related to 2017 and 2018 accident years.

For the three months ended September 30, 2019, we recognized $15 million of net favorable prior year reserve development, the principal components of which were:

•$11 million of net favorable prior year reserve development on property and other business primarily due to better than expected loss emergence attributable to the 2017 catastrophe events and SuperStorm Sandy.

•$4 million of net favorable prior year reserve development on professional lines business primarily due to better than expected loss emergence mainly related to the 2013 and 2014 accident years.

•$4 million of net adverse prior year reserve development on liability business primarily due to reserve strengthening within the U.S. excess casualty book of business related to older accident years.

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For the nine months ended September 30, 2020, we recognized $5 million of net favorable prior year reserve development, the principal components of which were:

•$43 million of net favorable prior year reserve development on property and other business primarily due to better than expected loss emergence mainly related to the 2018 and 2019 accident years, better than expected loss emergence attributable to the 2017, 2018 and 2019 catastrophe events, and decreases in case reserves attributable to specific claims related to the 2014 and 2016 accident years.

•$6 million of net favorable prior year reserve development on aviation business primarily due to better than expected loss emergence mainly related to the 2018 and 2019 accident years.

•$25 million of net adverse prior year reserve development on liability business primarily due to reserve strengthening within the primary casualty, U.S. excess casualty and program books of business mainly related to the 2017 and 2018 accident years.

•$19 million of net adverse prior year reserve development on professional lines business primarily due to reserve strengthening within the European professional indemnity and financial institutions books of business and the commercial management solutions book of business mainly related to the 2018 and 2019 accident year and an increase in case reserves attributable to a specific large claim related to the 2009 accident year.

For the nine months ended September 30, 2019, we recognized $43 million of net favorable prior year reserve development, the principal components of which were:

•$24 million of net favorable prior year reserve development on marine business primarily due to better than expected loss emergence mainly related to the 2015 to 2017 accident years.

•$14 million of net favorable prior year reserve development on professional lines business primarily due to better than expected loss emergence mainly related to the 2013 to 2015 accident years.

•$10 million of net favorable prior year reserve development on credit and political risk business primarily due to better than expected loss emergence mainly related to the 2018 accident year.

•$4 million of net adverse prior year reserve development on property and other business primarily due to reserve strengthening within the international book of business mainly related to the 2018 accident year, partially offset by better than expected loss emergence attributable to the 2017 catastrophe events and SuperStorm Sandy.

Acquisition Cost Ratio

The acquisition cost ratio decreased to 20.1% for the three months ended September 30, 2020, from 21.5% for the three months ended September 30, 2019, principally related to an increase in ceding commissions.

The acquisition cost ratio decreased to 20.1% for the nine months ended September 30, 2020, from 21.2% for the nine months ended September 30, 2019, associated with the acquisition of Novae and an increase in ceding commissions. At the acquisition date, the allocation of the acquisition price to the assets acquired and liabilities assumed based on estimated fair values at that date, resulted in the write-off of the deferred acquisition cost asset on Novae's balance sheet as the value of policies in-force on that date are considered within value of business acquired ("VOBA"). Consequently, the absence of $1 million and $11 million of acquisition expense related to premiums earned in the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively, benefited the acquisition cost by 0.1 points and 0.6 points, respectively. Adjusting the acquisition cost rate for these amounts, the acquisition cost ratio decreased by 1.6 points.

Underwriting-Related General and Administrative Expense Ratio

The underwriting-related general and administrative expense ratio decreased to 16.5% for the three months ended September 30, 2020, from 18.8% for the three months ended September 30, 2019, mainly driven by a decrease in personnel costs and travel and entertainment expenses, together with an increase in net premiums earned.

The underwriting-related general and administrative expense ratio decreased to 16.7% for the nine months ended September 30, 2020, from 19.0% for the nine months ended September 30, 2019, mainly driven by decreases in travel and entertainment expenses, and professional fees, together with an increase in net premiums earned.

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Reinsurance Segment

Results from the reinsurance segment were as follows:


	Three months ended September 30,							Nine months ended September 30,
	2020			% Change	2019			2020			% Change	2019

Revenues:
Gross premiums written	$	395,361		(23%)	$	511,604		$	2,564,419		(12%)	$	2,923,169
Net premiums written	271,125			(20%)	339,031			1,821,692			(12%)	2,065,263
Net premiums earned	521,128			(16%)	620,856			1,574,673			(12%)	1,784,653
Other insurance related income (loss)	752			(6%)	800			(7,361)			nm	9,606

Expenses:
Current year net losses and loss expenses	(436,602)				(524,065)			(1,216,273)				(1,248,131)
Prior year reserve development	314				12,118			4,830				22,172
Acquisition costs	(115,995)				(144,475)			(354,137)				(417,826)
Underwriting-related general and administrative expenses	(23,456)				(26,060)			(76,714)				(87,049)

Underwriting income (loss)	$	(53,859)			$	(60,826)		$	(74,982)			$	63,425
Ratios:				% Point Change							% Point Change
Current accident year loss ratio excluding catastrophe and weather-related losses	62.7		%	(2.1)	64.8		%	61.1		%	(1.2)	62.3		%
Catastrophe and weather-related losses ratio	21.1		%	1.5	19.6		%	16.1		%	8.5	7.6		%
Current accident year loss ratio	83.8		%	(0.6)	84.4		%	77.2		%	7.3	69.9		%
Prior year reserve development ratio	(0.1		%)	1.8	(1.9		%)	(0.3		%)	0.9	(1.2		%)
Net losses and loss expenses ratio	83.7		%	1.2	82.5		%	76.9		%	8.2	68.7		%
Acquisition cost ratio	22.3		%	(1.0)	23.3		%	22.5		%	(0.9)	23.4		%
Underwriting-related general and administrative expense ratio	4.5		%	0.4	4.1		%	4.9		%	—	4.9		%
Combined ratio	110.5		%	0.6	109.9		%	104.3		%	7.3	97.0		%

nm – not meaningful

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Gross Premiums Written:

Gross premiums written by line of business were as follows:


	Three months ended September 30,									Nine months ended September 30,
	2020				2019				% Change	2020				2019				% Change

Catastrophe	$	74,656	18	%	$	94,833	18	%	(21%)	$	526,646	21	%	$	698,169	24	%	(25%)
Property	58,907		15	%	67,972		13	%	(13%)	246,859		10	%	283,849		10	%	(13%)
Professional lines	31,752		8	%	23,540		5	%	35%	267,047		10	%	226,283		8	%	18%
Credit and surety	38,110		10	%	50,989		10	%	(25%)	189,180		7	%	241,358		8	%	(22%)
Motor	(2,235)		(1	%)	25,367		5	%	nm	319,867		12	%	313,614		11	%	2%
Liability	136,791		35	%	146,690		29	%	(7%)	505,322		20	%	458,000		16	%	10%
Agriculture	7,455		2	%	5,074		1	%	47%	69,599		3	%	201,592		7	%	(65%)
Engineering	1,408		—	%	8,841		2	%	nm	20,334		1	%	39,207		1	%	(48%)
Marine and other	6,341		2	%	9,727		2	%	(35%)	62,202		2	%	68,104		2	%	(9%)
Accident and health	41,820		11	%	78,474		15	%	(47%)	356,123		14	%	393,789		13	%	(10%)
Discontinued lines - Novae	356		—	%	97		—	%	nm	1,240		—	%	(796)		—	%	nm
Total	$	395,361	100	%	$	511,604	100	%	(23%)	$	2,564,419	100	%	$	2,923,169	100	%	(12%)

nm – not meaningful

Gross premiums written for the three months ended September 30, 2020, decreased by $116 million, or 23%, ($109 million, or 21% on a constant currency basis), compared to the three months ended September 30, 2019. The decrease was primarily attributable to accident and health, motor, catastrophe, credit and surety, liability and property lines, partially offset by an increase in professional lines.

The decrease in accident and health lines was driven by non-renewals following the decision to exit the Middle East business. The decrease in motor lines was due to premium adjustments. The decrease in catastrophe lines was driven by a timing difference associated with a significant contract, non-renewals, and decreased line sizes on a number of treaties. The decrease in credit and surety lines was attributable to the current economic climate. The decrease in liability lines was due to a reduced line size on a significant contract, partially offset by new business due to favorable market conditions and timing differences. The decrease in property lines was due to non-renewals and a timing difference. The increase in professional lines was due to premium adjustments.

Gross premiums written for the nine months ended September 30, 2020, decreased by $359 million, or 12%, compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2019. The decrease was primarily attributable to catastrophe, agriculture, credit and surety, accident and health, property, and engineering lines, partially offset by increases in liability and professional lines.

The decreases in catastrophe, agriculture, credit and surety, accident and health, property, and engineering lines were driven by non-renewals and decreased line sizes consistent with optimization of the segment's portfolio. The increases in liability and professional lines were driven by premium adjustments, and favorable market conditions associated with renewals and new business.

Ceded Premiums Written:

Ceded premiums written for the three months ended September 30, 2020 was $124 million, or 31% of gross premiums written, compared to $173 million, or 34% of gross premiums written for the three months ended September 30, 2019.

The decrease in ceded premiums written of $48 million, or 28%, was primarily driven by catastrophe, accident and health, credit and surety, and liability lines. The decrease in catastrophe lines was attributable to a non-renewal of a catastrophe bond and a decrease in premiums ceded to strategic capital partners. The decrease in accident and health lines was attributable to the restructuring of an existing quota share retrocessional treaty. The decrease in credit and surety lines was attributable to a decrease in premiums ceded to an existing quota share retrocessional treaty. The decrease in liability lines was attributable to the restructuring of an existing quota share retrocessional treaty, partially offset by an increase in premiums ceded to a new quota share retrocessional treaty.

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Ceded premiums written for the nine months ended September 30, 2020, was $743 million, or 29% of gross premiums written, compared to $858 million, or 29% of gross premiums written for the nine months ended September 30, 2019.

The decrease in ceded premiums written of $115 million, or 13%, was primarily driven by catastrophe, credit and surety, accident and health, and agriculture lines, partially offset by increases in professional lines, liability, motor, and property lines.

The decrease in catastrophe lines was attributable to decreases in premiums ceded to strategic partners and a non-renewal of a catastrophe bond. The decrease in credit and surety lines was attributable to a decrease in premiums ceded to a quota share retrocessional treaty and the restructuring of existing quota share retrocessional treaties. The decrease in accident and health lines was attributable to the restructuring of an existing quota share retrocessional treaty. The decrease in agriculture lines was attributable to a non-renewal of a large quota share retrocessional treaty.

The increases in liability and professional lines were attributable to an increase in premiums ceded to a new quota share retrocessional treaty, partially offset by the restructuring of an existing quota share retrocessional treaty. The increase in motor lines was attributable to an increase in premiums ceded to a new quota share retrocessional treaty. The increase in property lines was attributable to an increase in premiums ceded to a new aggregate excess of loss treaty.

Net Premiums Earned:

Net premiums earned by line of business were as follows:


	Three months ended September 30,									Nine months ended September 30,
	2020				2019				% Change	2020				2019				% Change

Catastrophe	$	64,163	13	%	$	68,910	11	%	(7%)	$	194,987	12	%	$	205,468	11	%	(5%)
Property	62,704		12	%	78,271		13	%	(20%)	196,229		12	%	226,515		13	%	(13%)
Professional lines	54,424		10	%	50,966		8	%	7%	154,482		10	%	154,390		9	%	—%
Credit and surety	43,730		8	%	55,625		9	%	(21%)	134,988		9	%	154,638		9	%	(13%)
Motor	63,298		12	%	107,930		17	%	(41%)	203,776		13	%	301,622		17	%	(32%)
Liability	96,671		19	%	95,632		15	%	1%	293,918		19	%	279,639		16	%	5%
Agriculture	17,750		3	%	47,519		8	%	(63%)	57,949		4	%	131,746		7	%	(56%)
Engineering	14,548		3	%	16,611		3	%	(12%)	43,742		3	%	47,290		3	%	(8%)
Marine and other	14,742		3	%	17,924		3	%	(18%)	37,275		2	%	44,529		2	%	(16%)
Accident and health	89,087		17	%	81,500		13	%	9%	256,303		16	%	239,388		13	%	7%
Discontinued lines - Novae	11		—	%	(32)		—	%	nm	1,024		—	%	(572)		—	%	nm
Total	$	521,128	100	%	$	620,856	100	%	(16%)	$	1,574,673	100	%	$	1,784,653	100	%	(12%)

nm – not meaningful

Net premiums earned for the three months ended September 30, 2020, decreased by $100 million, or 16% ($93 million, or 15% on a constant currency basis), compared to the three months ended September 30, 2019. The decrease was primarily driven by decreases in gross premiums earned in motor, agriculture, credit and surety, and property lines.

Net premiums earned for the nine months ended September 30, 2020, decreased by $210 million, or 12% ($186 million, or 10% on a constant currency basis), compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2019. The decrease was primarily driven by decreases in gross premiums earned in agriculture, motor, catastrophe, property, and credit and surety lines, together with an increase in ceded premiums earned in liability lines, partially offset by decreases in ceded premiums earned in catastrophe, agriculture, and accident and health lines, and an increase in gross premiums earned in liability lines.

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Other Insurance Related Income (Loss):

Other insurance related income was $1 million for the three months ended September 30, 2020, compared to other insurance related income of $1 million for the three months ended September 30, 2019.

Other insurance related loss was $7 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020, compared to other insurance related income of $10 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2019. The decrease of $17 million was primarily due to the recognition of a full limit loss of $10 million associated with the WHO pandemic risk-linked swap and a decrease in fees associated with arrangements with strategic capital partners.

Loss Ratio:

The components of the loss ratio were as follows:


	Three months ended September 30,					Nine months ended September 30,
	2020		% Point Change	2019		2020		% Point Change	2019

Current accident year	83.8	%	(0.6)	84.4	%	77.2	%	7.3	69.9	%
Prior year reserve development	(0.1	%)	1.8	(1.9	%)	(0.3	%)	0.9	(1.2	%)
Loss ratio	83.7	%	1.2	82.5	%	76.9	%	8.2	68.7	%

Current Accident Year Loss Ratio:

The current accident year loss ratio decreased to 83.8% for the three months ended September 30, 2020, from 84.4% for the three months ended September 30, 2019. The current accident year loss ratio increased to 77.2% for the nine months ended September 30, 2020, from 69.9% for the nine months ended September 30, 2019.

During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020, catastrophe and weather-related losses, net of reinstatement premiums, were $108 million, or 21.1 points, and $251 million, or 16.1, respectively. During the three months ended September 30, 2020, these losses were primarily attributable to the Midwest derecho, wildfires across the West Coast of the United States, Hurricanes Laura and Sally, the Beirut port explosion, and other weather-related events. During the nine months ended September 30, 2020, catastrophe and weather-related losses included $98 million associated with first party coverages attributable to the COVID-19 pandemic. These losses were primarily associated with property-related coverages, but also included accident and health coverages. The remaining losses of $153 million were attributable to the Midwest derecho, wildfires across the West Coast of the United States, Hurricanes Laura and Sally, the Beirut port explosion and other weather-related events. Comparatively, during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019, catastrophe and weather-related losses were $119 million, or 19.6 points, and $132 million, or 7.6, respectively.

After adjusting for the impact of the catastrophe and weather-related losses, the current accident year loss ratio decreased to 62.7% for the three months ended September 30, 2020 from 64.8% for the three months ended September 30, 2019. The decrease in the current accident year loss ratio after adjusting for the impact of catastrophe and weather-related losses was principally due to changes in business mix and improved performance in aviation, professional lines and liability lines.

After adjusting for the impact of the catastrophe and weather-related losses, the current accident year loss ratio decreased to 61.1% for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 from 62.3% for the nine months ended September 30, 2019. The decrease in the current accident year loss ratio after adjusting for the impact of catastrophe and weather-related losses was principally due to changes in business mix and improved performance in aviation, motor and liability lines.

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Prior Year Reserve Development

The following table maps lines of business to reserve classes and the expected claim tails:

Reinsurance segment

Reserve class and tail

Property and other

Credit and surety

Professional lines

Motor

Liability

Short

Medium

Long

Reported lines of business

Catastrophe

Property

Credit and surety

Professional lines

Motor

Liability

Engineering

Agriculture

Marine and other

Accident and health

Discontinued lines - Novae

Prior year reserve development by reserve class were as follows:


	Three months ended September 30,				Nine months ended September 30,
	2020		2019		2020		2019

Property and other	$	3,126	$	(12,283)	$	(4,961)	$	(71,227)
Credit and surety	11,184		5,652		27,927		32,659
Professional lines	(13,776)		(7,303)		(13,493)		641
Motor	1,214		22,902		18,732		33,964
Liability	(1,434)		3,150		(23,375)		26,135
Total	$	314	$	12,118	$	4,830	$	22,172

For the three months ended September 30, 2020, we recognized $0.3 million of net favorable prior year reserve development, the principal components of which were:

•$11 million of net favorable prior year reserve development on credit and surety business primarily due to better than expected loss emergence mainly related to 2017 and 2019 accident years.

•$14 million of net adverse prior year reserve development on professional lines business primarily due to an increase in case reserves attributable to a specific large claim related to the 2016 accident year and reserve strengthening within the European book of business mainly related to the 2016 to 2018 accident years.

For the three months ended September 30, 2019, we recognized $12 million of net favorable prior year reserve development, the principal components of which were:

•$23 million of net favorable prior year reserve development on motor business primarily due to non-proportional treaty business related to recent accident years.

•$6 million of net favorable prior year reserve development on credit and surety business primarily due to better than expected loss emergence related to several accident years.

•$12 million of net adverse prior year reserve development on property and other business primarily due to reserve strengthening attributable to late reporting of claims bordereaux associated with the European proportional book of business related to the 2018 accident year.

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•$7 million of net adverse prior year reserve development on professional lines business primarily due to reserve strengthening within the European book of business mainly related to the 2015 and 2016 accident years.

For the nine months ended September 30, 2020, we recognized $5 million of net favorable prior year reserve development, the principal components of which were:

•$28 million of net favorable prior year reserve development on credit and surety business primarily due to better than expected loss emergence related to multiple accident years.

•$19 million of net favorable prior year reserve development on motor business primarily due to non-proportional treaty business mainly related to the 2019 and older accident years.

•$23 million of net adverse prior year development on liability business primarily due to reserve strengthening within the U.S. casualty, the U.S. multiline/regional and the European books of business mainly related to the 2016 to 2019 accident years.

•$13 million of net adverse prior year reserve development on professional lines business primarily due to an increase in case reserves attributable to a specific large claim related to the 2016 accident year and reserve strengthening within the European book of business mainly related to the 2016 to 2018 accident years.

•$5 million of net adverse prior year development on property and other business primarily due to reserve strengthening within the engineering line of business mainly related to the 2016 to 2018 accident years, and the marine and other line of business mainly related to the 2017 accident years, partially offset by net favorable prior year reserve development within the property line of business due to better than expected loss emergence attributable to the 2019 catastrophe events.

For the nine months ended September 30, 2019, we recognized $22 million of net favorable prior year reserve development, the principal components of which were:

•$34 million of net favorable prior year reserve development on motor business primarily due to non-proportional treaty business related to several accident years.

•$33 million of net favorable prior year reserve development on credit and surety business primarily due to better than expected loss emergence mainly related to the 2015 and 2016 accident years.

•$26 million of net favorable prior year reserve development on liability business primarily due to increased weight given by management to experience based indications on older accident years.

•$71 million of net adverse prior year reserve development on property and other business primarily due to an increase in loss estimates attributable to Typhoons Jebi and Trami consistent with updated industry insured loss estimates, an increase in loss estimates attributable to Hurricane Michael, and reserve strengthening attributable to late reporting of claims bordereaux associated within the European proportional book of business related to the 2018 accident year.

Acquisition Cost Ratio:

The acquisition cost ratio decreased to 22.3% and 22.5% for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020, respectively, from 23.3% and 23.4% for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019, respectively, principally related to changes in business mix.

Underwriting-Related General and Administrative Expense Ratio:

The underwriting-related general and administrative expense ratio of 4.5% and 4.9% for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020, respectively, was comparable to 4.1% and 4.9% for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019, respectively.

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NET INVESTMENT INCOME AND NET INVESTMENT GAINS (LOSSES)

Net Investment Income

Net investment income from our cash and investment portfolio by major asset class was as follows:


	Three months ended September 30,							Nine months ended September 30,
	2020			% Change	2019			2020			% Change	2019

Fixed maturities	$	73,992		(23%)	$	96,311		$	244,394		(14%)	$	285,062
Other investments	25,125			nm	11,143			(14,574)			nm	49,271
Equity securities	1,871			(16%)	2,232			6,258			(19%)	7,757
Mortgage loans	3,609			(9%)	3,984			11,322			5%	10,735
Cash and cash equivalents	2,491			(65%)	7,034			9,814			(53%)	20,974
Short-term investments	440			(55%)	973			2,303			(61%)	5,975
Gross investment income	107,528			(12%)	121,677			259,517			(32%)	379,774
Investment expense	(5,572)			(6%)	(5,914)			(19,419)			4%	(18,760)
Net investment income	$	101,956		(12%)	$	115,763		$	240,098		(33%)	$	361,014

Pre-tax yield:(1)
Fixed maturities	2.5		%		3.1		%	2.7		%		3.2		%

nm - not meaningful

(1) Pre-tax yield is calculated by dividing annualized net investment income by the average month-end amortized cost balances.

Fixed Maturities

Net investment income attributable to fixed maturities for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020 was $74 million and $244 million, respectively, compared to net investment income of $96 million and $285 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019, respectively. The decrease for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020, compared to the same period in 2019, was due to the decrease in yields.

Other Investments

Net investment income from other investments was as follows:


	Three months ended September 30,						Nine months ended September 30,
	2020			2019			2020			2019

Hedge, direct lending, private equity and real estate funds	$	24,982		$	10,411		$	(11,552)		$	32,665
Other privately held investments	565			2,040			570			16,666
CLO-Equities	(422)			(1,308)			(3,592)			(60)
Net investment income (loss) from other investments (1)	$	25,125		$	11,143		$	(14,574)		$	49,271

Pre-tax return on other investments(2)	3.5		%	1.6		%	(2.0		%)	7.0		%

(1)Excluding overseas deposits.

(2)The pre-tax return on other investments is calculated by dividing total net investment income from other investments (non-annualized) by the average month-end fair value balances held for the periods indicated, excluding overseas deposits.

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Net investment income (loss) attributable to other investments for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020 was $25 million and $(15) million, respectively, compared to net investment income of $11 million and $49 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019, respectively. The increase for the three months ended September 30, 2020, compared to the same period in 2019, was due to higher returns from direct lending funds. The decrease for the nine months ended September 30, 2020, compared to the same period in 2019, was attributable to negative returns from direct lending and real estate funds and a realized gain of $13 million associated with the sale of a privately held investment in the nine months ended September 30, 2019.

Net Investment Gains

Net investment gains were as follows:


	Three months ended September 30,				Nine months ended September 30,
	2020		2019		2020		2019

On sale of investments:
Fixed maturities and short-term investments	$	29,532	$	17,918	$	42,658	$	17,069
Equity securities	519		1,745		18,675		3,221
	30,051		19,663		61,333		20,290
Allowance for expected credit losses	3,759		—		(2,498)		—
Impairment losses	(184)		—		(1,486)		—
OTTI losses	—		(1,458)		—		(6,328)
Change in fair value of investment derivatives	(1,346)		2,592		1,970		287
Net unrealized gains (losses) on equity securities	23,329		(6,270)		(13,542)		34,273
Net investment gains	$	55,609	$	14,527	$	45,777	$	48,522

Net investment gains for the three months ended September 30, 2020 were $56 million compared to net investment gains of $15 million for the three months ended September 30, 2019, an increase of $41 million. For the three months ended September 30, 2020, the net investment gains were primarily due to net realized gains on the sale of corporate debt and U.S. government securities and net unrealized gains on equity securities. For the three months ended September 30, 2019, the net investment gains were primarily due to net realized gains on the sale of U.S. government and agency RMBS securities partially offset by net unrealized losses on equity securities.

Net investment gains for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 were $46 million, compared to net investment gains of $49 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2019, a decrease of $3 million. For the nine months ended September 30, 2020, the net investment gains were primarily due to net realized gains on the sale of U.S. government, agency RMBS and equity securities partially offset by net unrealized losses on equity securities. For the nine months ended September 30, 2019, the net investment gains were primarily due to net unrealized gains on equity securities and net realized gains on the sale of U.S. government and agency RMBS securities.

On Sale of Investments

Generally, sales of individual securities occur when there are changes in the relative value, credit quality or duration of a particular issue. We may also sell securities to re-balance our investment portfolio in order to change exposure to particular asset classes or sectors.

Impairment and OTTI Losses

The impairment losses for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020 were $nil and $1 million, respectively, compared to OTTI losses of $1 million and $6 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020, these losses were principally due to impairments of non-investment grade corporate debt securities that we intend to sell or more likely than not will be required to sell. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019, these losses were principally due to impairments of non-U.S. denominated securities due to the impact of the strengthening of the U.S. dollar.

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Change in Fair Value of Investment Derivatives

From time to time, we economically hedge foreign exchange exposure and interest rate risk with derivative contracts.

For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020, we recorded losses of $1 million and gains of $2 million, respectively, related to foreign exchange contracts. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019, we recorded gains of $3 million and $4 million, respectively relating to foreign exchange contracts and losses of $nil and $4 million, respectively, related to interest rates swaps.

Total Return

Total return on cash and investments was as follows:


	Three months ended September 30,						Nine months ended September 30,
	2020			2019			2020			2019

Net investment income	$	101,956		$	115,763		$	240,098		$	361,014
Net investments gains	55,609			14,527			45,777			48,522
Change in net unrealized gains (losses) on fixed maturities (1)	73,050			29,493			204,828			388,939
Interest in income (loss) of equity method investments	2,896			792			(13,579)			5,645
Total	$	233,511		$	160,575		$	477,124		$	804,120

Average cash and investments(2)	$	15,512,967		$	15,492,106		$	15,523,879		$	15,199,356

Total return on average cash and investments, pre-tax:
Including investment related foreign exchange movements	1.5		%	1.0		%	3.1		%	5.3		%
Excluding investment related foreign exchange movements(3)	1.2		%	1.2		%	3.1		%	5.5		%

(1)Change in net unrealized gains (losses) on fixed maturities is calculated by taking net unrealized gains (losses) at period end less net unrealized gains (losses) at the prior period end.

(2)The average cash and investments balance is calculated by taking the average of the period end fair value balances.

(3)Pre-tax total return on cash and investments excluding foreign exchange movements is a non-GAAP financial measure as defined in Item 10(e) of SEC Regulation S-K. The reconciliation to pre-tax total return on cash and investments, the most comparable GAAP financial measure, included foreign exchange gains (losses) of $42 million and $(31) million for the three months ended September 30, 2020, and 2019, respectively, and foreign exchange (losses) gains of $(6) million and $(28) million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively.

OTHER EXPENSES (REVENUES), NET

The following table provides a summary of other expenses (revenues), net:


	Three months ended September 30,					Nine months ended September 30,
	2020		% Change	2019		2020		% Change	2019

Corporate expenses	$	20,988	(27%)	$	28,903	$	74,915	(23%)	$	97,468
Foreign exchange losses (gains)	60,734		nm	(59,543)		8,760		nm	(64,868)
Interest expense and financing costs	15,574		(14%)	18,042		59,641		20%	49,545
Income tax expense (benefit)	(12,056)		nm	8,147		(6,030)		nm	23,850
Total	$	85,240		$	(4,451)	$	137,286		$	105,995

nm – not meaningful

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Corporate Expenses

Corporate expenses include holding company costs necessary to support our worldwide insurance and reinsurance operations and costs associated with operating as a publicly-traded company. As a percentage of net premiums earned, corporate expenses decreased to 1.9% and 2.3% for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020, respectively, from 2.5% and 2.9% for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019, respectively.

The decrease in corporate expenses for the three months ended September 30, 2020, was primarily related to decreases in personnel costs and professional fees. The decrease in corporate expenses for the nine months ended September 30, 2020, was primarily related to decreases in personnel costs, professional fees, travel and entertainment costs, and information technology costs.

Foreign Exchange Losses (Gains)

Some of our business is written in currencies other than the U.S. dollar. Foreign exchange losses of $61 million for the three months ended September 30, 2020, were mainly driven by the impact of the weakening of the U.S. dollar on the remeasurement of net insurance-related liabilities denominated in euro and in pound sterling.

Foreign exchange losses of $9 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020, were mainly driven by the impact of the weakening of the U.S. dollar on the remeasurement of net insurance-related liabilities denominated in pound sterling.

Foreign exchange gains of $60 million and $65 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019, respectively, were primarily attributable to the impact of the strengthening of the U.S. dollar on the remeasurement of net insurance-related liabilities denominated in pound sterling and euro.

Interest Expense and Financing Costs

Interest expense and financing costs are related to interest due on the 5.875% senior unsecured notes ("5.875% Senior Notes") issued in 2010 and repaid in June 2020, the 5.150% senior unsecured notes ("5.150% Senior Notes") issued in 2014, the 4.000% senior unsecured notes ("4.000% Senior Notes") issued in 2017, the 3.900% senior unsecured notes ("3.900% Senior Notes"), and the 4.900% fixed-rate reset junior subordinated notes ("Junior Subordinated Notes") issued in 2019.

Interest expense and financing costs decreased by $2 million for the three months ended September 30, 2020, compared to the same period in 2019, due to the repayment of the 5.875% Senior Notes on June 1, 2020. Interest expense and financing costs increased by $10 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020, compared to the same period in 2019, due to the issuance of the 3.900% Senior Notes on June 19, 2019 and the issuance of the Junior Subordinated Notes on December 10, 2019, partially offset by the repayment of the 2.650% Senior Notes on April 1, 2019 and the repayment of the 5.875% Senior Notes on June 1, 2020.

Income Tax Expense (Benefit)

Income tax expense (benefit) primarily results from income (loss) generated by our foreign operations in the U.S. and Europe. Our effective tax rate is calculated as income tax expense (benefit) divided by income (loss) before tax including interest in income (loss) of equity method investments. This effective rate can vary between periods depending on the distribution of net income (loss) among tax jurisdictions, as well as other factors.

The tax benefit of $12 million a for the three months ended September 30, 2020, was principally due to the generation of pre-tax losses in our U.S. operations.

The tax benefit of $6 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020, was principally due to the generation of pre-tax losses in our U.S. and U.K. operations.

The tax expense of $8 million and $24 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019, respectively, was attributable to the generation of pre-tax income in our U.S. and European operations, partially offset by pre-tax losses in our U.K. operations.

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FINANCIAL MEASURES

We believe the following financial indicators are important in evaluating performance and measuring the overall growth in value generated for common shareholders:


	Three months ended September 30,						Nine months ended September 30,
	2020			2019			2020			2019

Annualized return on average common equity(1)	(6.2		%)	2.3		%	(4.1		%)	8.6		%
Annualized operating return on average common equity(2)	(5.5		%)	(2.7		%)	(4.4		%)	6.1		%

Book value per diluted common share(3)	$	54.75		$	56.26		$	54.75		$	56.26
Cash dividends declared per common share	$	0.41		$	0.40		$	1.23		$	1.20
Increase (decrease) in book value per diluted common share adjusted for dividends	$	0.07		$	0.67		$	0.13		$	5.16

(1)Annualized return on average common equity ("ROACE") is calculated by dividing annualized net income (loss) available (attributable) to common shareholders for the period by the average common shareholders' equity determined using the common shareholders' equity balances at the beginning and end of the period.

(2)Annualized operating return on average common equity ("operating ROACE") is a non-GAAP financial measures as defined in Item 10(e) of SEC Regulation S-K. The reconciliation to the most comparable GAAP financial measure, annualized ROACE, and a discussion of the rationale for the presentation of this item is provided in 'Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations - Non-GAAP Financial Measures Reconciliation'.

(3)Book value per diluted common share represents total common shareholders’ equity divided by diluted common shares outstanding, determined using the treasury stock method. Cash-settled restricted stock units are excluded.

Return on Average Common Equity

Our objective is to generate superior returns on capital that appropriately reward common shareholders for the risks we assume and to grow revenue only when we expect the returns will meet or exceed our requirements. We recognize that the nature of underwriting cycles and the frequency or severity of large loss events in any one year may challenge the ability to achieve a profitability target in any specific period.

ROACE reflects the impact of net income (loss) available (attributable) to common shareholders including net investment gains (losses), foreign exchange losses (gains), reorganization expenses, and interest in income (loss) of equity method investments.

The decrease in ROACE for the three months ended September 30, 2020, compared to the three months ended September 30, 2019, was primarily driven by the foreign exchange losses and an increase in the underwriting loss, together with a decrease in net investment income, partially offset by an increase in net investment gains, the income tax benefit, and decreases in reorganization expenses and corporate expenses.

The decrease in ROACE for the nine months ended September 30, 2020, compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2019, was primarily driven by the underwriting loss, a decrease in net investment income, and the foreign exchange losses, together with the interest in loss of equity method investments, partially offset by the income tax benefit, and decreases in reorganization expenses, corporate expenses, and the amortization of value of business acquired ("VOBA") associated with the acquisition of Novae. In addition, ROACE was impacted by an increase in average common shareholders' equity.

Operating ROACE excludes the impact of net investment gains (losses), foreign exchange losses (gains), reorganization expenses, and interest in income (loss) of equity method investments.

The decrease in operating ROACE for the three months ended September 30, 2020, compared to the three months ended September 30, 2019, was primarily driven by an increase in the underwriting loss, together with a decrease in net investment income, partially offset by the income tax benefit and a decrease in corporate expenses.

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The decrease in operating ROACE for the nine months ended September 30, 2020, compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2019, was primarily driven by the underwriting loss and a decrease in investment income, partially offset by the income tax benefit, and a decrease in corporate expenses and a decrease in the amortization of VOBA associated with the acquisition of Novae.

Book Value per Diluted Common Share

We consider book value per diluted common share to be an appropriate measure of returns to common shareholders, as we believe growth in book value on a diluted basis will ultimately translate into appreciation of stock price.

During the three months ended September 30, 2020, book value per diluted common share decreased to $54.75 from $55.09, a decrease of 0.6%, due to the net loss generated and common dividends declared, partially offset by net unrealized gains reported in accumulated other comprehensive income.

During the nine months ended September 30, 2020, book value per diluted common share decreased to $54.75 from $55.79, a decrease of 1.9%, due to the net loss generated and common dividends declared, partially offset by net unrealized gains reported in accumulated other comprehensive income.

Cash Dividends Declared per Common Share

We believe in returning excess capital to shareholders by way of dividends and share repurchases. Accordingly, dividend policy is an integral part of the value we create for shareholders. Our cumulative strong earnings have permitted our Board of Directors to approve sixteen successive annual increases in quarterly common share dividends.

Book Value per Diluted Common Share Adjusted for Dividends

Book value per diluted common share adjusted for dividends increased by $0.07 for the three months ended September 30, 2020, and increased by $0.19 for the nine months ended September 30, 2020.

Taken together, we believe that growth in book value per diluted common share and common share dividends declared represent the total value created for common shareholders. As companies in the insurance industry have differing dividend payout policies, we believe investors use the book value per diluted common share adjusted for dividends metric to measure comparable performance across the industry.

During the three months ended September 30, 2020, the increase in total value was driven by unrealized investment gains reported in accumulated other comprehensive income, partially offset by the net loss generated in the period.

During the nine months ended September 30, 2020, the increase in total value was driven by net unrealized investment gains recognized in accumulated other comprehensive income, partially offset by the net loss generated in the period.

Book value per diluted common share adjusted for dividends increased by $0.67, or 1% for the three months ended September 30, 2019 and increased by $7.53, or 15.0% for the nine months ended September 30, 2019.

During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019, total value created was driven by the net income generated in the quarter and unrealized investment gains reported in accumulated other comprehensive income.

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NON-GAAP FINANCIAL MEASURES RECONCILIATION


	Three months ended September 30,						Nine months ended September 30,
	2020			2019			2020			2019


Net income (loss) available (attributable) to common shareholders	$	(72,945)		$	27,745		$	(145,855)		$	292,258
Net investment (gains) losses(1)	(55,609)			(14,527)			(45,777)			(48,522)
Foreign exchange losses (gains)(2)	60,734			(59,543)			8,760			(64,868)

Reorganization expenses(3)	1,413			11,215			822			29,310

Interest in (income) loss of equity method investments(4)	(2,896)			(792)			13,579			(5,645)
Income tax expense	4,235			3,361			10,494			6,524

Operating income (loss)	$	(65,068)		$	(32,541)		$	(157,977)		$	209,057





Earnings (loss) per diluted common share	$	(0.87)		$	0.33		$	(1.73)		$	3.46
Net investment (gains) losses	(0.66)			(0.17)			(0.54)			(0.57)
Foreign exchange losses (gains)	0.72			(0.71)			0.10			(0.77)

Reorganization expenses	0.02			0.13			0.01			0.35

Interest in (income) loss of equity method investments	(0.03)			(0.01)			0.16			(0.07)
Income tax expense	0.05			0.04			0.12			0.08

Operating income (loss) per diluted common share(5)	$	(0.77)		$	(0.39)		$	(1.88)		$	2.48





Weighted average diluted common shares outstanding(6)	84,308			83,947			84,235			84,420

Average common shareholders' equity	$	4,731,858		$	4,801,174		$	4,742,452		$	4,532,971

Annualized return on average common equity	(6.2		%)	2.3		%	(4.1		%)	8.6		%


Annualized operating return on average common equity(7)	(5.5		%)	(2.7		%)	(4.4		%)	6.1		%

(1)Tax cost (benefit) of $6,667 and $897 for the three months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively, and $9,104 and $6,667 for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively. Tax impact is estimated by applying the statutory rates of applicable jurisdictions, after consideration of other relevant factors including the ability to utilize capital losses.

(2)Tax cost (benefit) of ($2,245) and $4,784 for the three months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively, and $1,366 and $5,372 for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively. Tax impact is estimated by applying the statutory rates of applicable jurisdictions, after consideration of other relevant factors including the tax status of specific foreign exchange transactions.

(3)Tax cost (benefit) of ($187) and ($2,320) for the three months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively, and $24 and ($5,515) for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively. Tax impact is estimated by applying the statutory rates of applicable jurisdictions.

(4)Tax cost (benefit) of $nil for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively. Tax impact is estimated by applying the statutory rates of applicable jurisdictions.

(5)Loss per diluted common share and operating loss per diluted common share for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020 were calculated using weighted average common shares outstanding due to the net loss attributable to common shareholders and the operating loss recognized in these periods.

(6)Refer to Item 1, Note 7 to our Consolidated Financial Statements 'Earnings per Common Share' for further details.

(7)Annualized operating ROACE is calculated by dividing annualized operating income (loss) for the period by the average common shareholders' equity balances determined using the common shareholders' equity balances at the beginning and end of the period. The reconciliation to ROACE, the most comparable GAAP financial measure is provided in the table above, and a discussion of the rationale for its presentation is provided below.

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Rationale for the Use of Non-GAAP Financial Measures

We present our results of operations in the way we believe will be most meaningful and useful to investors, analysts, rating agencies and others who use our financial information to evaluate our performance. Some of the measurements we use are considered non-GAAP financial measures under SEC rules and regulations. In this Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations ("MD&A"), we present underwriting-related general and administrative expenses, consolidated underwriting income (loss), operating income (loss) (in total and on a per share basis), annualized operating return on average common equity ("operating ROACE"), amounts presented on a constant currency basis and pre-tax total return on cash and investments excluding foreign exchange movements which are non-GAAP financial measures as defined in Item 10(e) of SEC Regulation S-K. We believe that these non-GAAP financial measures, which may be defined and calculated differently by other companies, better explain and enhance the understanding of our results of operations. However, these measures should not be viewed as a substitute for those determined in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America ("U.S. GAAP").

Underwriting-Related General and Administrative Expenses

Underwriting-related general and administrative expenses include those general and administrative expenses that are incremental and/or directly attributable to our underwriting operations. While this measure is presented in Item 1, Note 2 to the Consolidated Financial Statements 'Segment Information', it is considered a non-GAAP financial measure when presented elsewhere on a consolidated basis.

Corporate expenses include holding company costs necessary to support our worldwide insurance and reinsurance operations and costs associated with operating as a publicly-traded company. As these costs are not incremental and/or directly attributable to our underwriting operations, these costs are excluded from underwriting-related general and administrative expenses, and therefore, consolidated underwriting income (loss). General and administrative expenses, the most comparable GAAP financial measure to underwriting-related general and administrative expenses, also includes corporate expenses.

The reconciliation of underwriting-related general and administrative expenses to general and administrative expenses, the most comparable GAAP financial measure, is presented in 'Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations – Consolidated Results of Operations'.

Consolidated Underwriting Income (Loss)

Consolidated underwriting income (loss) is a pre-tax measure of underwriting profitability that takes into account net premiums earned and other insurance related income (loss) as revenues and net losses and loss expenses, acquisition costs and underwriting-related general and administrative expenses as expenses. While this measure is presented in Item 1, Note 2 to the Consolidated Financial Statements 'Segment Information', it is considered a non-GAAP financial measure when presented elsewhere on a consolidated basis.

We evaluate our underwriting results separately from the performance of our investment portfolio. As a result, we believe it is appropriate to exclude net investment income and net investment gains (losses) from our underwriting profitability measure.

Foreign exchange losses (gains) in our consolidated statements of operations primarily relate to the impact of foreign exchange rate movements on our net insurance-related liabilities. However, we manage our investment portfolio in such a way that unrealized and realized foreign exchange losses (gains) on our investment portfolio generally offset a large portion of the foreign exchange losses (gains) arising from our underwriting portfolio. As a result, we believe that foreign exchange losses (gains) are not a meaningful contributor to our underwriting performance, therefore, foreign exchange losses (gains) are excluded from consolidated underwriting income (loss).

Interest expense and financing costs primarily relate to interest payable on our debt. As these expenses are not incremental and/or directly attributable to our underwriting operations, these expenses are excluded from underwriting-related general and administrative expenses, and therefore, consolidated underwriting income (loss).

Reorganization expenses are related to the transformation program which was launched in 2017. This program encompasses the integration of Novae, which commenced in the fourth quarter of 2017, the realignment of our accident and health business, together with other initiatives designed to increase efficiency and enhance profitability, while delivering a customer-centric operating model. Reorganization expenses are primarily driven by business decisions, the nature and timing of which are not related to the underwriting process, therefore, these expenses are excluded from consolidated underwriting income (loss).

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We believe that the presentation of underwriting-related general and administrative expenses and consolidated underwriting income (loss) provides investors with an enhanced understanding of our results of operations, by highlighting the underlying pre-tax profitability of our underwriting activities. The reconciliation of consolidated underwriting income (loss) to net income (loss), the most comparable GAAP financial measure, is presented in 'Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations – Consolidated Results of Operations'.

Operating Income (Loss)

Operating income (loss) represents after-tax operational results exclusive of net investment gains (losses), foreign exchange losses (gains), reorganization expenses, and interest in income (loss) of equity method investments.

Although the investment of premiums to generate income and investment gains (losses) is an integral part of our operations, the determination to realize investment gains (losses) is independent of the underwriting process and is heavily influenced by the availability of market opportunities. Furthermore, many users believe that the timing of the realization of investment gains (losses) is somewhat opportunistic for many companies.

Foreign exchange losses (gains) in our consolidated statements of operations primarily relate to the impact of foreign exchange rate movements on net insurance-related liabilities. In addition, we recognize unrealized foreign exchange losses (gains) on our equity securities and foreign exchange losses (gains) realized on the sale of our available for sale investments and equity securities in net investment gains (losses). We also recognize unrealized foreign exchange losses (gains) on our available for sale investments in other comprehensive income (loss). These unrealized foreign exchange losses (gains) generally offset a large portion of the foreign exchange losses (gains) reported in net income (loss), thereby minimizing the impact of foreign exchange rate movements on total shareholders' equity. As a result, foreign exchange losses (gains) in our consolidated statements of operations in isolation are not a fair representation of the performance of our business.

Interest in income (loss) of equity method investments is primarily driven by business decisions, the nature and timing of which are not related to the underwriting process, therefore, this income (loss) is excluded from operating income (loss).

Certain users of our financial statements evaluate performance exclusive of after-tax net investment gains (losses), foreign exchange losses (gains), reorganization expenses, and interest in income (loss) of equity method investments to understand the profitability of recurring sources of income.

We believe that showing net income (loss) available (attributable) to common shareholders exclusive of after-tax net investment gains (losses), foreign exchange losses (gains), reorganization expenses, and interest in income (loss) of equity method investments reflects the underlying fundamentals of our business. In addition, we believe that this presentation enables investors and other users of our financial information to analyze performance in a manner similar to how our management analyzes the underlying business performance. We also believe this measure follows industry practice and, therefore, facilitates comparison of our performance with our peer group. We believe that equity analysts and certain rating agencies that follow us, and the insurance industry as a whole, generally exclude these items from their analyses for the same reasons. The reconciliation of operating income (loss) to net income (loss) available (attributable) to common shareholders, the most comparable GAAP financial measure, is presented above.

We also present operating income (loss) per diluted common share and annualized operating ROACE, which are derived from the operating income (loss) measure and are reconciled above to the most comparable GAAP financial measures, earnings (loss) per diluted common share and annualized return on average common equity ("ROACE"), respectively.

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Constant Currency Basis

We present gross premiums written, net premiums written and net premiums earned on a constant currency basis in this MD&A. The amounts presented on a constant currency basis are calculated by applying the average foreign exchange rate from the current year to the prior year amounts. We believe this presentation enables investors and other users of our financial information to analyze growth in gross premiums written, net premiums written and net premiums earned on a constant basis. The reconciliation to gross premiums written, net premiums written and net premiums earned on a GAAP basis is presented in 'Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations – Results by Segment'.

Pre-Tax Total Return on Cash and Investments excluding Foreign Exchange Movement

Pre-tax total return on cash and investments excluding foreign exchange movements measures net investment income (loss), net investments gains (losses), interest in income (loss) of equity method investments, and change in unrealized gains (losses) generated by average cash and investment balances. The reconciliation of pre-tax total return on cash and investments excluding foreign exchange movements to pre-tax total return on cash and investments, the most comparable GAAP financial measure, is presented in 'Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations – Net Investment Income and Net Investment Gains (Losses)'. We believe this presentation enables investors and other users of our financial information to analyze the performance of our investment portfolio.

Acquisition of Novae

On October 2, 2017, we acquired Novae. At the acquisition date, we identified value of business acquired ("VOBA") which represents the present value of the expected underwriting profit within policies that were in-force at the closing date of the transaction. In addition, the allocation of the acquisition price to the assets acquired and liabilities assumed based on estimated fair values at the acquisition date, resulted in the write-off of the deferred acquisition cost asset on Novae's balance sheet at the acquisition date as the value of policies in-force on that date are considered within VOBA. Consequently, underwriting income (loss) for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019, included the recognition of premiums attributable to Novae's balance sheet at the acquisition date without the recognition of the associated acquisition costs.

CASH AND INVESTMENTS

Details of cash and investments are as follows:


	September 30, 2020			December 31, 2019
		Fair Value		Fair Value

Fixed maturities		$	12,609,241	$	12,468,205
Equity securities		417,886		474,207
Mortgage loans		544,095		432,748
Other investments		760,206		770,923
Equity method investments		104,242		117,821
Short-term investments		69,996		38,471
Total investments		$	14,505,666	$	14,302,375

Cash and cash equivalents(1)		$	1,440,816	$	1,576,457

(1)Includes restricted cash and cash equivalents of $440 million and $335 million at September 30, 2020 and at December 31, 2019, respectively.

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Overview

The fair value of total investments increased by $203 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2020, driven by cash inflows from operations and the increase in market value of fixed maturities due to the decline in yields, partially offset by the repayment of $500 million 5.875% Senior Notes and the redemption of $225 million of 5.50% Series D preferred shares.

An analysis of our investment portfolio by asset class is detailed below:

Fixed Maturities

Details of our fixed maturities portfolio are as follows:


	September 30, 2020				December 31, 2019
	Fair Value		% of Total		Fair Value		% of Total

Fixed maturities:
U.S. government and agency	$	1,991,466	16	%	$	2,112,881	17	%
Non-U.S. government	673,801		5	%	576,592		5	%
Corporate debt	4,796,731		39	%	4,930,254		38	%
Agency RMBS	1,677,106		13	%	1,592,584		13	%
CMBS	1,380,738		11	%	1,365,052		11	%
Non-agency RMBS	133,530		1	%	84,922		1	%
ABS	1,672,175		13	%	1,598,693		13	%
Municipals(1)	283,694		2	%	207,227		2	%
Total	$	12,609,241	100	%	$	12,468,205	100	%

Credit ratings:
U.S. government and agency	$	1,991,466	16	%	$	2,112,881	17	%
AAA(2)	5,012,547		40	%	4,896,833		38	%
AA	934,983		7	%	865,601		7	%
A	1,973,829		16	%	1,848,331		15	%
BBB	1,690,837		13	%	1,684,589		14	%
Below BBB(3)	1,005,579		8	%	1,059,970		9	%
Total	$	12,609,241	100	%	$	12,468,205	100	%

(1)Includes bonds issued by states, municipalities, and political subdivisions.

(2)Includes U.S. government-sponsored agencies, residential mortgage-backed securities ("RMBS") and commercial mortgage-backed securities ("CMBS").

(3)Non-investment grade and non-rated securities.

At September 30, 2020, fixed maturities had a weighted average credit rating of AA- (2019: AA-), a book yield of 2.3% (2019: 2.8%) and an average duration of 3.4 years (2019: 3.2 years). At September 30, 2020, fixed maturities together with short-term investments, and cash and cash equivalents (i.e. total investments of $14.1 billion), had an average credit rating of AA- (2019: AA-) and an average duration of 3.2 years (2019: 2.9 years).

At September 30, 2020, net unrealized gains on fixed maturities were $407 million, compared to net unrealized gains of $205 million at December 31, 2019, an increase of $202 million due to the decline in yields.

Equity Securities

At September 30, 2020, net unrealized gains on equity securities were $62 million, compared to unrealized gains of $75 million at December 31, 2019, a decrease of $13 million driven by realized gains taken during the year.

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Mortgage Loans

During the nine months ended September 30, 2020, our investment in commercial mortgage loans increased by $111 million. The commercial mortgage loans are high quality and collateralized by a variety of commercial properties and are diversified both geographically throughout the U.S. and by property type to reduce the risk of concentration. At September 30, 2020, there were no credit losses or past due amounts associated with our commercial mortgage loans portfolio.

Other Investments

Details of our other investments portfolio are as follows:


	September 30, 2020				December 31, 2019
	Fair Value		% of Total		Fair Value		% of Total

Hedge funds
Long/short equity funds	$	24,815	3	%	$	31,248	4	%
Multi-strategy funds	111,980		15	%	136,542		18	%


Total hedge funds	136,795		18	%	167,790		22	%

Direct lending funds	269,783		35	%	277,395		36	%
Private equity funds	106,701		14	%	80,412		10	%
Real estate funds	153,163		20	%	130,112		17	%
Total hedge, direct lending, private equity and real estate funds	666,442		87	%	655,709		85	%

CLO-Equities	9,189		2	%	14,328		2	%
Other privately held investments	39,493		5	%	36,934		5	%
Overseas deposits	45,082		6	%	63,952		8	%
Total other investments	$	760,206	100	%	$	770,923	100	%

Refer to Note 3(c) to the Consolidated Financial Statements 'Investments'.

Equity Method Investments

During 2016, we paid $108 million including direct transactions costs to acquire 19% of the common equity of Harrington Reinsurance Holdings Limited ("Harrington"), the parent company of Harrington Re Ltd. ("Harrington Re"), an independent reinsurance company jointly sponsored by AXIS Capital and The Blackstone Group L.P. ("Blackstone"). Harrington is not a variable interest entity that is required to be included in our consolidated financial statements. We account for our ownership interest in Harrington under the equity method of accounting.

In our consolidated results, our ownership interest in Harrington is reported in interest in income (loss) of equity method investments.

Interest in income (loss) of equity method investments was $3 million and $(14) million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020, respectively, compared to interest in income of equity method investments of $1 million and $6 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019, respectively. The income for the three months ended September 30, 2020, was attributable to positive investment returns realized by Harrington. The loss for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 was attributable to negative investment returns realized by Harrington.

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LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES

Refer to the ‘Liquidity and Capital Resources’ section included in Item 7 of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019 for a general discussion of liquidity and capital resources.

The following table summarizes consolidated capital:


	September 30, 2020			December 31, 2019

Debt	$	1,309,384		$	1,808,157

Preferred shares	550,000			775,000
Common equity	4,715,895			4,769,008
Shareholders’ equity	5,265,895			5,544,008
Total capital	$	6,575,279		$	7,352,165

Ratio of debt to total capital	19.9		%	24.6		%

Ratio of debt and preferred equity to total capital	28.3		%	35.1		%

We finance operations with a combination of debt and equity capital. Debt to total capital and debt and preferred equity to total capital ratios provide an indication of our capital structure, along with some insight into our financial strength.

While the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and catastrophe and weather-related losses have reduced common shareholders' equity, we believe that our financial flexibility remains strong, and we will make adjustments as necessary, if the outlook and impact changes. Refer to 'Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations – Executive Summary – Recent Developments related to COVID-19' for further information on the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Debt

On June 1, 2020, AXIS Specialty Finance LLC, a 100% owned finance subsidiary, repaid $500 million aggregate principal amount of 5.875% Senior Notes at their stated maturity.

Secured Letter of Credit Facility

The terms and conditions of the $500 million secured letter of credit facility (the "$500 million Facility") remain unchanged.

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Common Equity

During the nine months ended September 30, 2020, common equity decreased by $53 million. The following table reconciles opening and closing common equity positions:


Nine months ended September 30,	2020

Common equity - opening	$	4,769,008
Treasury shares reissued	1,888

Share-based compensation expense	27,332
Change in unrealized gains (losses) on available for sale investments, net of tax	179,982
Foreign currency translation adjustment	(1,581)
Net income (loss)	(123,167)
Preferred share dividends	(22,688)
Common share dividends	(106,194)
Treasury shares repurchased	(8,685)


Common equity - closing	$	4,715,895

During the nine months ended September 30, 2020, we repurchased 155,256 common shares from employees to satisfy withholding tax liabilities related to the vesting of share-settled restricted stock units granted under our 2007 and 2017 Long-Term Equity Compensation Plans for a total cost of $8.7 million.

A common share repurchase plan has not been authorized for 2020.

We expect cash flows generated from operations, combined with liquidity provided by our investment portfolio, will be sufficient to cover cash outflows and other contractual commitments that become due within one year after the date that the financial statements are issued. Refer to 'Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations – Executive Summary – Recent Developments related to COVID-19' for further information on the impact of COVID-19 pandemic.

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Financial Strength Ratings

Our principal insurance and reinsurance operating subsidiaries are assigned financial strength ratings from internationally recognized rating agencies, including Standard & Poor’s, A.M. Best and Moody’s Investors Service. These ratings are publicly announced and are available directly from the agencies, as well as on our website.

On May 5, 2020, A.M. Best revised its rating and outlook from A+ and negative to A and stable, respectively. The revised rating was based on unfavorable trends in operating performance over the past five years, particularly emanating from the insurance segment. The revised outlook continues to reflect our strong balance sheet, favorable business profile and appropriate risk management practices.

On May 11, 2020, Standard & Poor's revised its outlook from stable to negative due to unfavorable trends in operating performance.

Our rating and outlook from Moody’s Investors Service remain unchanged.

The following are the most recent financial strength ratings from internationally recognized agencies in relation to our principal insurance and insurance operating subsidiaries:

Rating agency

Agency’s description of rating

Rating and outlook

Agency’s rating
definition

Ranking of rating

Standard & Poor’s

An "opinion about the financial security characteristics of an insurance organization, with respect to its ability to pay under its insurance policies and contracts, in accordance with their terms".

A+

(Negative)

"Strong capacity to meet its financial commitments"

The ‘A’ category is the third highest out of ten major rating categories. The second through eighth major rating categories may be modified by the addition of a plus or minus sign to show relative standing within the major rating categories.

A.M. Best

An "opinion of an insurer’s financial strength and ability to meet its ongoing insurance policy and contract obligations".

A
(Stable)

"Excellent ability to meet ongoing insurance obligations"

The ‘A’ category is the third highest rating out of fourteen. Ratings outlooks (‘Positive’, ‘Negative’ and ‘Stable’) are assigned to indicate a rating’s potential direction over an intermediate term, generally defined as 36 months.

Moody’s Investors Service

"Opinions of the ability of insurance companies to pay punctually senior policyholder claims and obligations."

(Negative) (1)

"Offers good financial security"

The ‘A’ category is the third highest out of nine rating categories. Each of the second through seventh categories are subdivided into three subcategories, as indicated by an appended numerical modifier of ‘1’, ‘2’ and ‘3’. The ‘1’ modifier indicates that the obligation ranks in the higher end of the rating category, the ‘2’ modifier indicates a mid-category ranking and the ‘3’ modifier indicates a ranking in the lower end of the rating category.

(1)In April 2019, Moody's Investor Service revised its outlook from stable to negative reflecting higher operational and financial leverage and lower capitalization relative to peers.

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CRITICAL ACCOUNTING ESTIMATES

The Company's Consolidated Financial Statements include certain amounts that are inherently uncertain and judgmental in nature. As a result, the Company is required to make assumptions and best estimates in order to determine the reported values. The Company considers an accounting estimate to be critical if: (1) it requires that significant assumptions be made in order to deal with uncertainties and (2) changes in the estimate could have a material impact on the Company's results of operations, financial condition or liquidity.

The Company believes the material items requiring such subjective and complex estimates are:

•reserves for losses and loss expenses;

•reinsurance recoverable on unpaid losses and loss expenses, including the provision for uncollectible amounts;

•gross premiums written;

•fair value measurements of financial assets and liabilities; and

•other-than-temporary impairments ("OTTI") in the carrying value of available for sale securities and the allowance for credit losses associated with available for sale securities.

Other that the Company's consideration of the impact of the targeted changes to the impairment model for available for sale securities introduced in ASU 2016-13 detailed in Note 1 'Basis of Presentation and Significant Accounting Policies' to the Consolidated Financial Statements, the Company believes that the critical accounting estimates discussion in Item 7 of its Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019, continues to describe the significant estimates and judgments included in the preparation of the Consolidated Financial Statements.

RECENT ACCOUNTING PRONOUNCEMENTS

Refer to Item 1, Note 1 'Basis of Presentation and Significant Accounting Policies' to the Consolidated Financial Statements and Item 8, Note 2 'Basis of Presentation and Significant Accounting Policies' to the Consolidated Financial Statements in the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019, for a discussion of recently issued accounting pronouncements.

OFF-BALANCE SHEET AND SPECIAL PURPOSE ENTITY ARRANGEMENTS

At September 30, 2020, the Company had not entered into any off-balance sheet arrangements, as defined by Item 303(a)(4) of Regulation S-K.

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ITEM 3. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK

Refer to Item 7A included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019. There have been no material changes to this item since December 31, 2019, with the exception of the changes in exposure to foreign currency risk presented below.

Foreign Currency Risk

The table below provides a sensitivity analysis of total net foreign currency exposures.



	AUD			NZD			CAD			EUR			GBP			JPY			Other			Total

At September 30, 2020
Net managed assets (liabilities), excluding derivatives	$	5,438		$	(2,735)		$	190,349		$	(436,213)		$	(265,099)		$	(88,100)		$	86,352		$	(510,008)
Foreign currency derivatives, net	(4,446)			4,304			(181,617)			437,229			225,952			103,506			3,457			588,385
Net managed foreign currency exposure	992			1,569			8,732			1,016			(39,147)			15,406			89,809			78,377
Other net foreign currency exposure	—			—			113			3,121			(1,456)			—			34,553			36,331
Total net foreign currency exposure	$	992		$	1,569		$	8,845		$	4,137		$	(40,603)		$	15,406		$	124,362		$	114,708
Net foreign currency exposure as a percentage of total shareholders’ equity	—		%	—		%	0.2		%	0.1		%	(0.8		%)	0.3		%	2.4		%	2.2		%
Pre-tax impact of net foreign currency exposure on shareholders’ equity given a hypothetical 10% rate movement(1)	$	99		$	157		$	885		$	414		$	(4,060)		$	1,541		$	12,436		$	11,471

(1)Assumes 10% change in underlying currencies relative to the U.S. dollar.

Total Net Foreign Currency Exposure

At September 30, 2020, total net foreign currency assets were $115 million driven by increases in exposures to the Japanese Yen and other non-core currencies primarily due to new business written during the nine months ended September 30, 2020. In addition, $35 million included in other net foreign currency exposures related to assets managed by specific investment managers who have the discretion to hold foreign currency exposures as part of their total return strategy. An emerging market debt portfolio is the primary contributor to this group of assets.

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ITEM 4. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES

Disclosure Controls and Procedures

The Company’s management has performed an evaluation, with the participation of the Company’s Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, of the effectiveness of the Company's disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (the "Exchange Act")) at September 30, 2020. Based upon that evaluation, the Company's Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that, at September 30, 2020, the Company's disclosure controls and procedures are effective to ensure that information required to be disclosed by the Company in reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the rules and forms of the SEC and is accumulated and communicated to management, including its principal executive and principal financial officers, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.

Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

The Company’s management has performed an evaluation, with the participation of the Company’s Chief Executive Officer and the Company’s Chief Financial Officer, of changes in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the three months ended September 30, 2020.

Based upon that evaluation, there were no changes in the Company's internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the three months ended September 30, 2020, that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company's internal control over financial reporting. The Company has not experienced any material impact to its internal control over financial reporting resulting from the introduction of a remote work model due to the COVID-19 pandemic.

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PART II OTHER INFORMATION

ITEM 1. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS

The Company is not party to any material legal proceedings arising outside the ordinary course of business.

ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS

For information regarding factors that could affect our results of operations, financial condition or liquidity, refer to risk factors discussed in Part I, Item 1A. 'Risk Factors' in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019.

In light of developments relating to the novel coronavirus ("COVID-19") pandemic occurring subsequent to the filing of our Annual Report on Form 10-K, we are supplementing the risk factors discussed in our Annual Report with the following risk factor, which should be read in conjunction with the risk factors contained in our Annual Report.

The scale and scope of the ongoing, novel COVID-19 pandemic is unknown and is expected to continue to adversely impact our business. The overall impact on our business, results of operations, financial condition or liquidity could be material.

During the first quarter of 2020, there was a global outbreak of the novel coronavirus, COVID-19, which has spread to over 200 countries and territories, including our key business locations of Bermuda, the European Union, the U.K. and the U.S. The World Health Organization has designated COVID-19 as a pandemic, and numerous countries in which we operate, including Bermuda, the U.K., Switzerland and the U.S., have declared national emergencies. The global impact of the outbreak has continued to evolve through the third quarter of 2020, and many countries reacted by instituting social distancing measures and quarantines, placing restrictions on travel, restricting trading, limiting operations of non-essential businesses and issuing shelter in place orders. Whilst some initial restrictions have been relaxed, resurgence of the pandemic in many countries has seen continued restrictions to social and economic activity. Such actions have created disruption in global supply chains, and adversely impacted operations in many sectors of the economy. The outbreak will likely have a continued adverse impact on economic and market conditions, triggering a global economic slowdown.

The scale and scope of the COVID-19 pandemic may heighten the potential adverse effects on our business, results of operation, financial condition or liquidity described in the risk factors contained in our Annual Report on Form 10-K, including without limitation:

•We have substantial exposure to losses resulting from catastrophe events, including pandemics. The extent of our losses from the COVID-19 pandemic will ultimately depend on its severity and duration and such losses could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations, financial condition or liquidity. We have identified exposures arising from our

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underwriting of insurance and reinsurance policies that cover accident and health (including travel), event cancellation, property/business interruption, and potential exposures arising from our underwriting of insurance and reinsurance policies that cover credit and surety (including mortgage) and professional lines (medical malpractice and directors’ and officers’ liability) among others. These exposures and potential exposures include direct claims relating to COVID-19 (e.g., business interruption following a shelter in place order) and indirect exposures arising from an ensuing economic downturn. We note that other lines may be affected as the pandemic and associated economic downturn develop, and new information is discovered.

•Our exposures are controlled and limited by our insurance and reinsurance contracts, which include specific terms and conditions defining if and how our policies respond to losses arising from the COVID-19 pandemic. However, legislative, regulatory or judicial actions (e.g. the UK Financial Conduct Authority test case on business interruption insurance and subsequent legal actions, including appeals) and social influences could alter the interpretation of our contracts or extend or change coverage (beyond the obligations set forth within those contracts or beyond what was intended by the parties). We set our reserves based on our best interpretation of the current legal position in applicable jurisdictions, but these legislative, regulatory or judicial actions make it more difficult to predict the total amount of losses we could incur.

•Actual claims may exceed loss reserves. While we believe that net reserves for losses and loss expenses at September 30, 2020 are adequate, changes in the duration, severity and scope of the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic from current expectations may result in ultimate losses being materially greater or less than the net reserves for losses and loss expenses currently provided. Among the factors that would cause net reserves for losses and loss expenses to increase or decrease are changes in claim frequency or severity driven by the COVID-19 pandemic or its related impact on the economy.

•Uncertainty and market turmoil caused by the COVID-19 pandemic could affect, among other aspects of our business, the demand for our products, and the ability of customers, counterparties and others to establish or maintain their relationships with us. In addition, the market for insurance and reinsurance could be smaller and certain industries for which we write business have been and will likely continue to be particularly impacted by the pandemic (such as, energy, aviation, retail, hospitality and construction lines, among others), resulting in downward pressure on our premium levels.

•Our investment and derivative instrument portfolios are exposed to significant economic and capital markets risks related to changes in interest rates, bankruptcies, credit spreads and equity prices, as well as other risks, which may adversely affect our results of operations or financial condition. The performance of our cash and investments portfolio has a significant impact on our financial results. The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic has heightened the risks to which our portfolios are subject, including risks relating to general economic conditions, interest rate fluctuations, equity price risk, foreign currency movements, pre-payment or reinvestment risk, liquidity risk and credit risk. Our investments in equities, corporate debt and hedge funds have experienced an increase in price volatility. Government imposed restrictions on movements and/or social distancing practices have led to sharp declines in the revenue of many companies and industries, and we have some debt and/or equity exposure to some of these highly impacted sectors. We anticipate that negative impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic may continue for some time.

•The COVID-19 pandemic may impact cashflows and could require access to liquidity in excess of prior forecasts. There is a risk that accessing additional required liquidity may be difficult or have costs associated as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic.

•The impact on the COVID-19 pandemic on financial markets may impact our ability to acquire additional capital, should we desire to do so, or to be able to effectively deploy existing capital resources.

•Certain of our policyholders and intermediaries may not pay premiums owed to us due to insolvency or other reasons. Insolvency, liquidity problems, distressed financial condition due to the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic or the general effects of economic recession may increase the risk that policyholders or intermediaries, such as insurance brokers, may not pay a part of or the full amount of premiums owed to us, despite an obligation to do so. The terms of our contracts, or actions by our regulators, may not permit us to cancel our insurance even though we have not received payment. We may further decide (or be obliged by regulation) to refund premiums already paid where it is judged that the COVID-19 pandemic has reduced the customer need for insurance. If refunds or non-payments become widespread, whether as a result of insolvency, lack of liquidity, adverse economic conditions, operational failure or otherwise, it could have a material adverse impact on our revenues and results of operations.

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•The COVID-19 pandemic could impact our ability to obtain reinsurance and retrocessional arrangements on favorable terms which could limit the amount of business we are willing to write or reduce our reinsurance protection for large loss events.

•Our reinsurance and retrocession counterparties may experience financial distress and therefore, may be unable to pay the amounts owed to us under the applicable contracts.

•Our reinsurers and retrocession counterparties may be unwilling to pay claims due to disagreements or differing interpretation of contracts, which could also result in increased litigation and related expenses.

•There is a risk of reputational damage resulting from potential claims disputes and underwriting renewal actions.

In addition, the COVID-19 pandemic may have a material adverse impact on our business and financial condition due to significant disruption in other areas, including:

•We may experience decreased worker productivity, including as a result of prolonged remote working arrangements, increased medical, emergency or other leave.

•The extended period of remote working by our employees could strain our technology resources and introduce operational risks, including heightened cybersecurity risk. Remote working environments may be less secure and more susceptible to hacking attacks, including phishing and social engineering attempts that seek to exploit the COVID-19 pandemic.

•Similarly, third parties on whom we rely to provide key business services on an outsourced basis (including, but not limited to delegated underwriting, claims processing, finance operations, IT support) also may experience operational or system disruption, or cybersecurity issues, impacting their provision of service to us, and in turn, our operational performance.

•The COVID-19 pandemic could impact our ability to attract and retain key personnel which could adversely impact our business.

•Limitations on travel, social distancing requirements implemented in response to COVID-19, alongside economic conditions, may challenge our ability to write new insurance or reinsurance business and market our products and services as anticipated prior to COVID-19.

The duration and extent of the impact from the COVID-19 pandemic depends on future developments that cannot be accurately predicted at this time, such as the severity and transmission rate of the virus, the extent and effectiveness of containment actions and, the extent and effectiveness of government actions to support the economy. The duration and severity of the economic downturn is uncertain, as well as the impact of these and other factors on our employees, customers and partners. Such impact on our business, results of operations, financial condition or liquidity could be material.

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ITEM 2. UNREGISTERED SALES OF EQUITY SECURITIES AND USE OF PROCEEDS

Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities

Common Shares

The following table shows information regarding the number of common shares repurchased:


Period	Total number of shares purchased(a) (b)	Average price paid per share	Total number of shares purchased as part of publicly announced plans or programs	Maximum number (or approximate dollar value) of shares that may yet be purchased under the plans or programs(b)

July 1-31, 2020	—	$39.80	—	—
August 1-31, 2020	—	$40.12	—	—
September 1-30, 2020	1	$48.69	—	—
Total	1		—	—

(a) In thousands.

(b) Shares are repurchased from employees to satisfy withholding tax liabilities related to the vesting of share-settled restricted stock units.

ITEM 5. OTHER INFORMATION

Disclosure of Certain Activities Under Section 13(r) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934

Section 13(r) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, requires issuers to disclose in their annual and quarterly reports whether they or any of their affiliates knowingly engaged in certain activities with Iran or with individuals or entities that are subject to certain sanctions under U.S. law. Issuers are required to provide this disclosure even where the activities, transactions or dealings are conducted outside of the U.S. in compliance with applicable law.

As and when allowed by the applicable law and regulations, certain of our non-U.S. subsidiaries provide treaty reinsurance coverage to non-U.S. insurers on a worldwide basis, including insurers of liability, marine, aviation and energy risks, and as a result, these underlying reinsurance portfolios may have some exposure to Iran. In addition, we underwrite insurance and facultative reinsurance on a global basis to non-U.S. insureds and insurers, including for liability, marine, aviation and energy risks. Coverage provided to non-Iranian business may indirectly cover an exposure in Iran. For example, certain of our operations underwrite global marine hull and cargo policies that provide coverage for vessels navigating into and out of ports worldwide, including Iran. For the quarter ended September 30, 2020, there has been no material amount of premium allocated or apportioned to activities relating to Iran. We intend for our non-U.S. subsidiaries to continue to provide such coverage only to the extent permitted by applicable law.

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ITEM 6. EXHIBITS


2.1			Rule 2.7 Announcement, dated July 5, 2017 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 2.1 to the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K filed on July 6, 2017).
2.2			Rule 2.7 Announcement, dated August 24, 2017 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 2.1 to the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K filed on August 25, 2017).
3.1			Certificate of Incorporation and Memorandum of Association (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Company’s Registration Statement on Form S-1(Amendment No. 1) (No. 333-103620) filed on April 16, 2003).
3.2			Amended and Restated Bye-Laws (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.2 to the Company’s Registration Statement on Form S-8 filed on May 15, 2009).
4.1			Specimen Common Share Certificate (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to the Company’s Registration Statement on Form S-1 (Amendment No. 3) (No. 333-103620) filed on June 10, 2003).
4.2			Certificate of Designations establishing the specific rights, preferences, limitations and other terms of the Series E Preferred Shares (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K filed on November 7, 2016).
*10.1			Amendment No. 1 to Employment Agreement dated December 11, 2017 by and between Peter Vogt and AXIS Specialty U.S. Services, Inc. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K filed on October 7, 2020).
*10.2			Amendment No. 1 to Employment Agreement dated July 5, 2017 by and between Steve K. Arora and AXIS Specialty U.S. Services, Inc. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K filed on October 7, 2020).
*10.3			Amendment No. 1 to Letter Agreement dated July 5, 2017 by and between Steve K. Arora and AXIS Specialty U.S. Services, Inc. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 to the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K filed on October 7, 2020).
†31.1			Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
†31.2			Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
†32.1			Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
†32.2			Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
†101			The following financial information from AXIS Capital Holdings Limited’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2020 formatted in Inline XBRL: (i) Consolidated Balance Sheets at September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019; (ii) Consolidated Statements of Operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019; (iii) Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019; (iv) Consolidated Statements of Changes in Shareholders' Equity for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019; (v) Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019; and (vi) Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements, tagged as blocks of text and in detail.
†104			Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as Inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101).

* Exhibits 10.1 through 10.3 represent a management contract, compensatory plan or arrangement in which directors and/or executive officers are eligible to participate.

† Filed herewith.

The agreements and other documents filed as exhibits to this report are not intended to provide factual information or other disclosure other than with respect to the terms of the agreements or other documents themselves, and you should not rely on them for that purpose. In particular, any representations and warranties made by us in these agreements or other documents were made solely within the specific context of the relevant agreement or document and may not describe the actual state of affairs as of the date they were made or at any other time.

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SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.

Dated: October 28, 2020


AXIS CAPITAL HOLDINGS LIMITED
By:			/S/ ALBERT BENCHIMOL
			Albert Benchimol
			President and Chief Executive Officer
			(Principal Executive Officer)

			/S/ PETER VOGT
			Peter Vogt
			Chief Financial Officer
			(Principal Financial Officer)