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Bank of New York Mellon Corp - Quarter Report: 2021 June (Form 10-Q)


UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

☒ Quarterly Report Pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934

For the Quarterly Period Ended June 30, 2021
or
☐ Transition Report Pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934

Commission File Number 001-35651

THE BANK OF NEW YORK MELLON CORPORATION
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
Delaware13-2614959
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)

240 Greenwich Street
New York, New York 10286
(Address of principal executive offices) (Zip Code)

Registrant’s telephone number, including area code – (212) 495-1784

Not Applicable
(Former name, former address and former fiscal year, if changed since last report)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
Title of each class
Trading
symbol(s)		Name of each exchange
on which registered
Common Stock, $0.01 par valueBKNew York Stock Exchange
6.244% Fixed-to-Floating Rate Normal Preferred Capital Securities of Mellon Capital IV
BK/PNew York Stock Exchange
(fully and unconditionally guaranteed by The Bank of New York Mellon Corporation)

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒    No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☒    No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
Large accelerated filer☒Accelerated filer☐
Non-accelerated filer☐Smaller reporting company☐
Emerging growth company☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐    No ☒

As of June 30, 2021, 863,173,678 shares of the registrant’s common stock, $0.01 par value per share, were outstanding.


THE BANK OF NEW YORK MELLON CORPORATION

Second Quarter 2021 Form 10-Q
Table of Contents 
Page
Consolidated Financial Highlights (unaudited)
Part I – Financial Information
Items 2. and 3. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations; Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk:
General
Overview
Key second quarter 2021 and subsequent events
Net interest revenue
Noninterest expense
Income taxes
Review of businesses
Critical accounting estimates
Consolidated balance sheet review
Liquidity and dividends
Capital
Trading activities and risk management
Asset/liability management
Supplemental information – Explanation of GAAP and Non-GAAP financial measures
Website information
Item 1. Financial Statements:
Consolidated Income Statement (unaudited)
Consolidated Comprehensive Income Statement (unaudited)
Consolidated Balance Sheet (unaudited)
Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows (unaudited)
Consolidated Statement of Changes in Equity (unaudited)
 Page
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements:
Note 2—Acquisitions and dispositions
Item 4. Controls and Procedures
Forward-looking Statements
Part II – Other Information
Item 1. Legal Proceedings.
Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds.
Item 6. Exhibits.
Index to Exhibits
Signature


The Bank of New York Mellon Corporation (and its subsidiaries)

Consolidated Financial Highlights (unaudited)

Quarter endedYear-to-date
(dollars in millions, except per share amounts and unless
  otherwise noted)		June 30, 2021March 31, 2021June 30, 2020June 30, 2021June 30, 2020
Results applicable to common shareholders of The Bank of New York Mellon Corporation:
Net income$991 $858 $901 $1,849 $1,845 
Basic earnings per share$1.14 $0.97 $1.01 $2.11 $2.06 
Diluted earnings per share$1.13 $0.97 $1.01 $2.10 $2.06 
Fee and other revenue$3,315 $3,266 $3,230 (a)$6,581 $6,524 (a)
Net interest revenue645 655 780 1,300 1,594 
Total revenue$3,960 $3,921 $4,010 $7,881 $8,118 
Return on common equity (annualized)
9.8 %8.5 %9.4 %9.2 %9.7 %
Return on tangible common equity (annualized) – Non-GAAP (b)
18.6 %16.1 %18.5 %17.3 %19.4 %
Return on average assets (annualized)
0.88 %0.76 %0.87 %0.82 %0.93 %
Fee revenue as a percentage of total revenue81 %83 %77 %(a)82 %78 %(a)
Non-U.S. revenue as a percentage of total revenue38 %37 %36 %38 %36 %
Pre-tax operating margin32 %29 %29 %31 %30 %
Net interest margin0.67 %0.66 %0.88 %0.67 %0.94 %
Net interest margin on a fully taxable equivalent (“FTE”) basis – Non-GAAP (c)
0.67 %0.67 %0.88 %0.67 %0.94 %
Assets under custody and/or administration (“AUC/A”) at period end (in trillions) (d)
$45.0 $41.7 $37.3 $45.0 $37.3 
Assets under management (“AUM”) at period end (in billions) (e)
$2,320 $2,214 $1,961 $2,320 $1,961 
Market value of securities on loan at period end (in
billions) (f)
$456 $445 $384 $456 $384 
Average common shares and equivalents outstanding (in thousands):
Basic869,460 882,558 889,020 876,006 891,642 
Diluted873,475 885,655 890,561 879,409 893,603 
Selected average balances:
Interest-earning assets$388,285 $397,297 $357,562 $392,766 $340,749 
Total assets$452,329 $460,379 $415,359 $456,332 $400,318 
Interest-bearing deposits$239,466 $245,115 $210,643 $242,275 $204,138 
Noninterest-bearing deposits$85,802 $83,429 $72,411 $84,622 $66,494 
Long-term debt$25,275 $26,199 $28,122 $25,734 $27,677 
Preferred stock$4,541 $4,541 $4,010 $4,541 $3,776 
Total The Bank of New York Mellon Corporation common shareholders’ equity
$40,393 $40,720 $38,476 $40,556 $38,070 
Other information at period end:
Cash dividends per common share$0.31 $0.31 $0.31 $0.62 $0.62 
Common dividend payout ratio27 %32 %31 %30 %30 %
Common dividend yield (annualized)
2.4 %2.7 %3.2 %2.4 %3.2 %
Closing stock price per common share$51.23 $47.29 $38.65 $51.23 $38.65 
Market capitalization$44,220 $41,401 $34,239 $44,220 $34,239 
Book value per common share$47.20 $46.16 $44.21 $47.20 $44.21 
Tangible book value per common share – Non-GAAP (b)
$25.64 $24.88 $23.31 $25.64 $23.31 
Full-time employees48,800 48,000 48,300 48,800 48,300 
Common shares outstanding (in thousands)
863,174 875,481 885,862 863,174 885,862 
2 BNY Mellon

Consolidated Financial Highlights (unaudited) (continued)

Regulatory capital and other ratiosJune 30, 2021March 31, 2021Dec. 31, 2020
Average liquidity coverage ratio (“LCR”)110 %110 %110 %
Regulatory capital ratios: (g)
Advanced:
Common Equity Tier 1 (“CET1”) ratio 12.7 %12.6 %13.1 %
Tier 1 capital ratio 15.3 15.3 15.8 
Total capital ratio16.0 16.1 16.7 
Standardized:
CET1 ratio 12.6 %12.6 %13.4 %
Tier 1 capital ratio15.2 15.2 16.1 
Total capital ratio16.2 16.2 17.1 
Tier 1 leverage ratio6.0 %5.8 %6.3 %
Supplementary leverage ratio (“SLR”) (h)
7.5 8.1 8.6 
BNY Mellon shareholders’ equity to total assets ratio9.7 %9.7 %9.8 %
BNY Mellon common shareholders’ equity to total assets ratio8.7 8.7 8.8 
(a)    In the first quarter of 2021, we reclassified certain items within total revenue on the consolidated income statement and reclassified prior periods to be comparable with current period presentation. See Note 1 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information.
(b)    Return on tangible common equity and tangible book value per common share, Non-GAAP measures, exclude goodwill and intangible assets, net of deferred tax liabilities. See “Supplemental information – Explanation of GAAP and Non-GAAP financial measures” beginning on page 47 for the reconciliation of Non-GAAP measures.
(c)    See “Net interest revenue” on page 11 for a reconciliation of this Non-GAAP measure.
(d)    Consists of AUC/A primarily from the Asset Servicing business and, to a lesser extent, the Clearance and Collateral Management, Issuer Services, Pershing and Wealth Management businesses. Includes the AUC/A of CIBC Mellon Global Securities Services Company (“CIBC Mellon”), a joint venture with the Canadian Imperial Bank of Commerce, of $1.7 trillion at June 30, 2021, $1.6 trillion at March 31, 2021 and $1.3 trillion at June 30, 2020.
(e)    Excludes securities lending cash management assets and assets managed in the Investment Services business.
(f)    Represents the total amount of securities on loan in our agency securities lending program managed by the Investment Services business. Excludes securities for which BNY Mellon acts as an agent on behalf of CIBC Mellon clients, which totaled $63 billion at June 30, 2021, $64 billion at March 31, 2021 and $62 billion at June 30, 2020.
(g)    For our CET1, Tier 1 capital and Total capital ratios, our effective capital ratios under U.S. capital rules are the lower of the ratios as calculated under the Standardized and Advanced Approaches. For additional information on our capital ratios, see “Capital” beginning on page 38.
(h)    The SLR at March 31, 2021 and Dec. 31, 2020 reflect the temporary exclusion of U.S. Treasury securities from the leverage exposure, which increased our SLR by 68 basis points and 72 basis points, respectively. The temporary exclusion ceased to apply beginning April 1, 2021. See “Capital” beginning on page 38 for additional information.

BNY Mellon 3
Part I – Financial Information
Items 2. and 3. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations; Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk

General

In this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, references to “our,” “we,” “us,” “BNY Mellon,” the “Company” and similar terms refer to The Bank of New York Mellon Corporation and its consolidated subsidiaries. The term “Parent” refers to The Bank of New York Mellon Corporation but not its subsidiaries.

Certain business terms used in this report are defined in the Glossary included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended Dec. 31, 2020 (“2020 Annual Report”).

The following should be read in conjunction with the Consolidated Financial Statements included in this report. Investors should also read the section titled “Forward-looking Statements.”

Overview

Established in 1784 by Alexander Hamilton, we were the first company listed on the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE: BK). With a history of more than 235 years, BNY Mellon is a global company that manages and services assets for financial institutions, corporations and individual investors in 35 countries.

BNY Mellon has two business segments, Investment Services and Investment and Wealth Management, which offer a comprehensive set of capabilities and deep expertise across the investment lifecycle, enabling the Company to provide solutions to buy-side and sell-side market participants, as well as leading institutional and wealth management clients globally.

The diagram below presents our two business segments and lines of business, with the remaining operations in the Other segment.

bk-20210630_g1.jpg



Key second quarter 2021 and subsequent events

Share repurchase program and increase in cash dividend on common stock

In June 2021, our Board of Directors approved the repurchase of up to $6.0 billion of common stock starting in the third quarter of 2021 and continuing through the fourth quarter of 2022.

Additionally, in July, our Board of Directors approved a 10% increase in the quarterly cash dividend on common stock, from $0.31 to $0.34 per share. This increased quarterly cash dividend will be paid on Aug. 9, 2021.

4 BNY Mellon

Highlights of second quarter 2021 results

Net income applicable to common shareholders was $991 million, or $1.13 per diluted common share, in the second quarter of 2021. Net income applicable to common shareholders was $901 million, or $1.01 per diluted common share, in the second quarter of 2020. The highlights below are based on the second quarter of 2021 compared with the second quarter of 2020, unless otherwise noted.

•Total revenue of $4.0 billion decreased 1%, primarily reflecting:
•Fee revenue increased 4%, primarily reflecting the positive impact of higher markets, the favorable impact of a weaker U.S. dollar and higher client volumes, partially offset by money market fee waivers. (See “Fee and other revenue” beginning on page 7.)
•Other revenue decreased primarily reflecting lower gains related to seed capital investments. (See “Fee and other revenue” beginning on page 7.)
•Net interest revenue decreased 17%, primarily reflecting lower interest rates on interest-earning assets. This was partially offset by the benefit of lower funding and deposit rates, lower debt balances, a larger securities portfolio and higher deposit balances. (See “Net interest revenue” on page 11.)
•Provision for credit losses was a benefit of $86 million primarily driven by an improvement in the macroeconomic forecast. (See “Consolidated balance sheet review – Allowance for credit losses” beginning on page 31.)
•Noninterest expense increased 3%, primarily reflecting the unfavorable impact of a weaker U.S. dollar, investments in efficiency and growth initiatives and higher revenue-related expenses. (See “Noninterest expense” on page 14.)
•Effective tax rate of 19.0%. (See “Income taxes” on page 14.)


Capital and liquidity

•CET1 ratio was 12.6% at June 30, 2021, unchanged compared with March 31, 2021. Capital generated through earnings was offset by capital deployed through common stock repurchases and dividends, and higher risk-weighted assets. (See “Capital” beginning on page 38.)
•Tier 1 leverage was 6.0% at June 30, 2021, compared with 5.8% at March 31, 2021. The increase reflects capital generation and lower average assets. (See “Capital” beginning on page 38.)
•Repurchased 12.8 million common shares for $618 million.

Highlights of our principal businesses

Investment Services
•Total revenue decreased 4%.
•Income before income taxes increased 3%.
•AUC/A of $45.0 trillion increased 21%, primarily reflecting higher market values, net new business and the favorable impact of a weaker U.S. dollar.

Investment and Wealth Management
•Total revenue increased 13%.
•Income before income taxes increased 48%.
•AUM of $2.3 trillion increased 18%, primarily reflecting higher market values, the favorable impact of a weaker U.S. dollar (principally versus the British pound) and net inflows.

See “Review of businesses” and Note 18 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information on our businesses.


BNY Mellon 5

Impact of coronavirus pandemic on our business

See “Impact of coronavirus pandemic on our business” in our 2020 Annual Report for the areas of our business that have been impacted and could continue to be impacted by the coronavirus pandemic and its effect on the global macroeconomic environment. The following updates those disclosures.

Short-term interest rates have remained low through the second quarter of 2021, which has continued to result in lower net interest revenue and higher money market fee waivers. This has been partially offset by higher average deposit balances and higher money market balances compared with 2020.

Equity market levels have continued to improve in the first six months of 2021, resulting in increased asset-based fees in Investment Services and Investment and Wealth Management.

The macroeconomic outlook continued to improve through the first and second quarters of 2021, resulting in decreases in the allowance for credit losses and benefits to the provision for credit losses.

The restrictions on common stock dividends and share repurchases ended on June 30, 2021.

It is difficult to forecast the impact of the coronavirus, together with related public health measures, on our results with certainty because so much depends on how the health crisis evolves and its impact on the global economy, as well as actions taken by central banks and governments to support the economy and the availability, use and effectiveness of vaccines.

The current macroeconomic environment has also resulted in responses by governmental and regulatory bodies. See “Supervision and Regulation – Pandemic-Related Measures” in our 2020 Annual Report for additional information on legislative and regulatory developments in response to the coronavirus pandemic.

For further discussion of the current and potential impact of the coronavirus pandemic, see “Risk Factors – The coronavirus pandemic is adversely affecting us and creates significant risks and uncertainties for our business, and the ultimate impact of the pandemic on us will depend on future developments, which are highly uncertain and cannot be predicted,” in our 2020 Annual Report.
6 BNY Mellon

Fee and other revenue

Fee and other revenueYTD21
(dollars in millions, unless otherwise noted)2Q21 vs. vs.
2Q211Q212Q201Q212Q20YTD21YTD20YTD20
Investment services fees:
Asset servicing fees (a)
$1,200 $1,199 $1,173 — %2 %$2,399 $2,332 3 %
Clearing services fees (b)
435 455 431 (4)1 890 901 (1)
Issuer services fees281 245 277 15 1 526 540 (3)
Treasury services fees160 157 144 2 11 317 293 8 
Total investment services fees2,076 2,056 2,025 1 3 4,132 4,066 2 
Investment management and
performance fees
889 890 786 — 13 1,779 1,648 8 
Foreign exchange revenue184 231 193 (c)(20)(5)415 438 (c)(5)
Financing-related fees48 51 58 (6)(17)99 117 (15)
Distribution and servicing27 29 27 (7)— 56 58 (3)
Total fee revenue3,224 3,257 3,089 (c)(1)4 6,481 6,327 (c)2 
Investment and other income89 9 132 (c)N/MN/M98 179 (c)N/M
Net securities gains2 — 9 N/MN/M2 18 N/M
Total other revenue91 9 141 N/MN/M100 197 N/M
Total fee and other revenue$3,315 $3,266 $3,230 2 %3 %$6,581 $6,524 1 %
Fee revenue as a percentage of total revenue81 %83 %77 %(c)82 %78 %(c)
AUC/A at period end (in trillions) (d)
$45.0 $41.7 $37.3 8 %21 %$45.0 $37.3 21 %
AUM at period end (in billions) (e)
$2,320 $2,214 $1,961 5 %18 %$2,320 $1,961 18 %
(a)    Asset servicing fees include the fees from the Clearance and Collateral Management business and also include securities lending revenue of $45 million in the second quarter of 2021, $45 million in the first quarter of 2021, $56 million in the second quarter of 2020, $90 million in the first six months of 2021 and $107 million in the first six months of 2020.
(b)    Clearing services fees are almost entirely earned by our Pershing business.
(c)    In the first quarter of 2021, we reclassified certain items within total revenue on the consolidated income statement and reclassified prior periods to be comparable with the current period presentation. See Note 1 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information.
(d)    Consists of AUC/A primarily from the Asset Servicing business and, to a lesser extent, the Clearance and Collateral Management, Issuer Services, Pershing and Wealth Management businesses. Includes the AUC/A of CIBC Mellon of $1.7 trillion at June 30, 2021, $1.6 trillion at March 31, 2021 and $1.3 trillion at June 30, 2020.
(e)    Excludes securities lending cash management assets and assets managed in the Investment Services business.
N/M – Not meaningful.


Fee revenue increased 4% compared with the second quarter of 2020 and decreased 1% compared with the first quarter of 2021. The increase compared with the second quarter of 2020 primarily reflects higher investment management and performance fees, asset servicing fees and treasury services fees, partially offset by lower financing-related fees and foreign exchange revenue. The decrease compared with the first quarter of 2021 primarily reflects lower foreign exchange revenue and clearing services fees, partially offset by higher issuer services fees.

Other revenue decreased $50 million compared with the second quarter of 2020 and increased $82 million compared with the first quarter of 2021. The decrease compared with the second quarter of 2020 primarily reflects lower gains related to seed capital investments. The increase compared with the first
quarter of 2021 primarily reflects a $39 million impairment related to a renewable energy investment recorded in the first quarter of 2021, gains from other investments and disposals, and higher other income.

Money market fee waivers

Given the continued low short-term interest rates, money market mutual fund fees and other similar fees are being waived to protect investors from negative returns. The fee waivers have primarily impacted fee revenues in Pershing and Investment Management, but also resulted in lower distribution and servicing expense. The fee waivers also began to impact fee revenues in our other businesses in the second half of 2020. Money market fee waivers are highly sensitive to changes in short-term interest rates and are difficult to predict. Assuming no change in money market
BNY Mellon 7

balances, we expect to recover over 50% of the pre-tax income related to fee waivers with a 25 basis point increase in the Fed Funds rate and we expect to recover nearly 100% of the pre-tax income related to fee waivers when the Fed Funds rate increases 100 basis points.

The following table presents the impact of money market fee waivers on our consolidated fee revenue,
net of distribution and servicing expense. In the second quarter of 2021, the net impact of money market fee waivers was $252 million, up from $188 million in the first quarter of 2021, driven by lower short-term interest rates and higher money market balances.

Money market fee waivers
(in millions)2Q211Q212Q20YTD21YTD20
Investment services fees:
Asset servicing fees$(42)$(22)$— $(64)$— 
Clearing services fees(88)(74)(50)(162)(59)
Issuer services fees(15)(10)(1)(25)(1)
Treasury services fees(3)(3)(2)(6)(2)
Total investment services fees(148)(109)(53)(257)(62)
Investment management and performance fees(115)(89)(30)(204)(44)
Distribution and servicing revenue(13)(13)(3)(26)(3)
Total fee revenue(276)(211)(86)(487)(109)
Less: Distribution and servicing expense24 23 7 47 7 
Net impact of money market fee waivers$(252)$(188)$(79)$(440)$(102)
Impact to revenue by line of business (a):
Asset Servicing$(50)$(29)$(1)$(79)$(1)
Pershing(99)(94)(60)(193)(69)
Issuer Services(22)(15)(1)(37)(1)
Treasury Services(16)(9)— (25)— 
Investment Management(85)(61)(24)(146)(38)
Wealth Management(4)(3)— (7)— 
Total impact to revenue by line of business$(276)$(211)$(86)$(487)$(109)
(a)    The line of business revenue for management reporting purposes reflects the impact of revenue transferred between the businesses.


We expect the impact from money market fee waivers, net of distribution and servicing expense, to approximate $225 million in the third quarter of 2021, based on implied forward rates and money market balances as of the end of the second quarter of 2021. Fee waivers in subsequent periods will continue to be dependent on short-term interest rates and the level of money market balances.

Investment services fees

Investment services fees increased 3% compared with the second quarter of 2020 and 1% compared with the first quarter of 2021, reflecting the following:
•Asset servicing fees increased 2% compared with the second quarter of 2020 and was up slightly compared with the first quarter of 2021. The increase compared with the second quarter of 2020 primarily reflects higher client activity, market values and tri-party collateral management balances, partially offset by higher
money market fee waivers, and lower intraday credit fees and clearance volumes. The slight increase compared with the first quarter of 2021 primarily reflects higher tri-party collateral management balances, partially offset by higher money market fee waivers and lower clearance volumes.
•Clearing services fees increased 1% compared with the second quarter of 2020 and decreased 4% compared with the first quarter of 2021. The increase compared with the second quarter of 2020 primarily reflects higher market values, client activity and balances, partially offset by higher money market fee waivers. The decrease compared with the first quarter of 2021 primarily reflects lower clearance volumes, partially offset by higher market values.
•Issuer services fees increased 1% compared with the second quarter of 2020 and 15% compared with the first quarter of 2021. Both increases
8 BNY Mellon

primarily reflect higher Depositary Receipts revenue, partially offset by money market fee waivers in Corporate Trust. The increase compared with the second quarter of 2020 also reflects higher Corporate Trust revenue.
•Treasury services fees increased 11% compared with the second quarter of 2020 and 2% compared with the first quarter of 2021. The increase compared with the second quarter of 2020 primarily reflects higher payment volumes. The increase compared with first quarter of 2021 primarily reflects net new business.

See “Investment Services business” in “Review of businesses” for additional details.

Investment management and performance fees

Investment management and performance fees increased 13% compared with the second quarter of 2020 and decreased slightly compared with the first quarter of 2021. The increase compared with the second quarter of 2020 primarily reflects the impact of higher market values, the favorable impact of a weaker U.S. dollar, higher performance fees and net inflows, partially offset by higher money market fee waivers. The decrease compared with the first quarter of 2021 primarily reflects the timing of performance fees and higher money market fee waivers, offset by the impact of higher market values, equity investment gains and net inflows. Performance fees were $14 million in the second quarter of 2021, $5 million in the second quarter of 2020 and $40 million in the first quarter of 2021. On a constant currency basis (Non-GAAP), investment management and performance fees increased 9% compared with the second quarter of 2020.

AUM was $2.3 trillion at June 30, 2021, an increase of 18% compared with June 30, 2020, primarily reflecting higher market values, the favorable impact of a weaker U.S. dollar (principally versus the British pound) and net inflows.

See “Investment and Wealth Management business” in “Review of businesses” for additional details regarding the drivers of investment management and performance fees, AUM and AUM flows.

Foreign exchange revenue

Foreign exchange revenue is primarily driven by the volume of client transactions and the spread realized on these transactions, both of which are impacted by market volatility, the impact of foreign currency hedging activities and foreign currency remeasurement gain (loss). In the second quarter of 2021, foreign exchange revenue totaled $184 million, decreases of 5% compared with the second quarter of 2020 and 20% compared with the first quarter of 2021. The decrease compared with the second quarter of 2020 primarily reflects lower volatility, partially offset by higher volumes. The decrease compared with the first quarter of 2021 primarily reflects lower volumes and volatility. Foreign exchange revenue is primarily reported in the Investment Services business and, to a lesser extent, the Investment and Wealth Management business and the Other segment.

Financing-related fees

Financing-related fees, which are primarily reported in the Investment Services business, include capital market fees, loan commitment fees and credit-related fees. Financing-related fees totaled $48 million in the second quarter of 2021, $58 million in the second quarter of 2020 and $51 million in the first quarter of 2021. Both decreases primarily reflect lower underwriting fees.

Investment and other income

Investment and other income includes income or loss from consolidated investment management funds, seed capital gains or losses, other trading revenue or loss, renewable energy investments losses, corporate and bank-owned life insurance contracts, other investment gains or losses, gains or losses from disposals, expense reimbursements from our CIBC Mellon joint venture and other income or loss. The income or loss from consolidated investment management funds should be considered together with the net income or loss attributable to noncontrolling interests, which reflects the portion of the consolidated funds for which we do not have an economic interest and is reflected below net income as a separate line item on the consolidated income statement. Other trading revenue or loss primarily includes the impact of market-risk hedging activity related to our seed capital investments in investment management funds, non-foreign currency derivative
BNY Mellon 9

and fixed income trading, and other hedging activity. Investments in renewable energy generate losses in other income that are more than offset by benefits and credits recorded to the provision for income taxes. Other investment gains or losses includes fair value changes of non-readily marketable equity securities,
private equity and other investments. Expense reimbursements from our CIBC Mellon joint venture relate to expenses incurred by BNY Mellon on behalf of the CIBC Mellon joint venture. Other income or loss includes various miscellaneous revenues.

The following table provides the components of investment and other income.

Investment and other income
(in millions)2Q211Q212Q20(a)YTD21YTD20(a)
Income from consolidated investment management funds$13 $17 $54 $30 $16 
Seed capital gains (losses) (b)
18 3 23 21 (8)
Other trading (loss) revenue(1)(7)(8)(8)58 
Renewable energy investment (losses)(41)(81)(34)(122)(68)
Corporate/bank-owned life insurance29 33 36 62 72 
Other investments gains (c)
23 11 13 34 6 
Disposal gains6 — — 6 — 
Expense reimbursements from joint venture25 23 19 48 40 
Other income17 10 29 27 63 
Total investment and other income$89 $9 $132 $98 $179 
(a)    In the first quarter of 2021, we reclassified certain items within total revenue on the consolidated income statement and reclassified prior periods to be comparable with the current period presentation. See Note 1 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information.
(b)    Includes gains (losses) on investments in BNY Mellon funds which hedge deferred incentive awards.
(c)    Includes strategic equity, private equity and other investments.


Investment and other income was $89 million in the second quarter of 2021 compared with $132 million in the second quarter of 2020 and $9 million in the first quarter of 2021. The decrease compared with the second quarter of 2020 primarily reflects lower gains related to seed capital investments reflected in the income from consolidated investment management funds and seed capital gains (losses) line items. The increase compared with the first quarter of 2021 primarily reflects the $39 million impairment related to a renewable energy investment recorded in the first quarter of 2021, gains from other investments and disposals and higher other income.

Year-to-date 2021 compared with year-to-date 2020

Fee revenue increased 2% compared with the first six months of 2020, primarily reflecting higher investment management and performance fees and
asset servicing fees, partially offset by lower foreign exchange revenue and financing-related fees. The 8% increase in investment management and performance fees primarily reflects higher market values, the favorable impact of a weaker U.S. dollar, equity investment gains and net inflows, partially offset by higher money market fee waivers. The 3% increase in asset servicing fees primarily reflects higher client activity, market values and the favorable impact of a weaker U.S. dollar, partially offset by money market fee waivers.

The decrease in other revenue primarily reflects one-time fees in the Asset Servicing and Pershing businesses recorded in the first six months of 2020, an impairment related to a renewable energy investment recorded in the first quarter of 2021 and lower derivative and fixed income trading results, partially offset by higher gains related to seed capital.
10 BNY Mellon

Net interest revenue

Net interest revenueYTD21
2Q21 vs. vs.
(dollars in millions)2Q211Q212Q201Q212Q20YTD21YTD20YTD20
Net interest revenue – GAAP
$645 $655 $780 (2)%(17)%$1,300 $1,594 (18)%
Add: Tax equivalent adjustment3 3 2 N/MN/M6 4 N/M
Net interest revenue (FTE) – Non-GAAP (a)
$648 $658 $782 (2)%(17)%$1,306 $1,598 (18)%
Average interest-earning assets
$388,285 $397,297 $357,562 (2)%9 %$392,766 $340,749 15 %
Net interest margin – GAAP0.67 %0.66 %0.88 %1  bps(21) bps0.67 %0.94 %(27) bps
Net interest margin (FTE) – Non-GAAP (a)
0.67 %0.67 %0.88 %—  bps(21) bps0.67 %0.94 %(27) bps
(a)    Net interest revenue (FTE) – Non-GAAP and net interest margin (FTE) – Non-GAAP include the tax equivalent adjustments on tax-exempt income which allows for comparisons of amounts arising from both taxable and tax-exempt sources and is consistent with industry practice. The adjustment to an FTE basis has no impact on net income.
N/M – Not meaningful.
bps – basis points.


Net interest revenue decreased 17% compared with the second quarter of 2020 and 2% compared with the first quarter of 2021. The decrease compared with the second quarter of 2020 primarily reflects lower interest rates on interest-earning assets, partially offset by the benefit of lower funding and deposit rates, lower debt balances, a larger securities portfolio and higher deposit balances. The decrease compared with the first quarter of 2021 was primarily driven by lower interest rates on interest-earning assets, partially offset by the benefit of lower funding and deposit rates.

Net interest margin decreased 21 basis points compared with the second quarter of 2020 and increased 1 basis point compared with the first quarter of 2021. The decrease compared with the second quarter of 2020 primarily reflects the factors mentioned above.

Average interest-earning assets increased 9% compared with the second quarter of 2020 and decreased 2% compared with the first quarter of 2021. The increase compared with the second quarter of 2020 primarily reflects higher interest-bearing deposits with the Federal Reserve and other central banks, a larger securities portfolio and higher loan balances. The decrease compared with the first quarter of 2021 primarily reflects lower interest-bearing deposits with the Federal Reserve and other central banks, partially offset by higher loan balances.

Average non-U.S. dollar deposits comprised approximately 25% of our average total deposits in the second quarter of 2021. Approximately 40% of the average non-U.S. dollar deposits in the second quarter of 2021 were euro denominated.

Net interest revenue in future periods will depend on the level and mix of client deposits and deposit rates, as well as the level and shape of the yield curve, which may result in lower yields on interest-earning assets.

Due to lower interest rates, net interest revenue has been trending lower and we expect net interest revenue to decrease in 2021 compared with 2020.

Year-to-date 2021 compared with year-to-date 2020

Net interest revenue decreased 18% compared with the first six months of 2020, primarily driven by lower interest rates on interest-earning assets, partially offset by the benefit of lower deposit and funding rates, a larger securities portfolio, higher deposit balances and lower debt balances. The decrease in the net interest margin primarily reflects the factors mentioned above.

Average interest-earning assets increased 15% compared with the first six months of 2020. The increase primarily reflects higher interest-bearing deposits with the Federal Reserve and other central banks and a larger securities portfolio.
BNY Mellon 11

Average balances and interest ratesQuarter ended
June 30, 2021March 31, 2021June 30, 2020
(dollars in millions; average rates annualized)Average
balance		InterestAverage
rates		Average
balance		InterestAverage
rates		Average balanceInterestAverage rates
Assets
Interest-earning assets:
Interest-bearing deposits with the Federal Reserve and other central banks
$114,564 $(25)(0.09)%$125,930 $(16)(0.05)%$94,229 $(7)(0.03)%
Interest-bearing deposits with banks (primarily foreign banks)
22,465 11 0.20 21,313 14 0.27 21,093 40 0.76 
Federal funds sold and securities purchased under resale agreements (a)
27,857 25 0.36 29,186 32 0.44 30,265 61 0.82 
Margin loans18,995 49 1.04 15,891 45 1.14 12,791 40 1.28 
Non-margin loans:
Domestic offices36,455 173 1.90 31,218 157 2.02 31,185 172 2.21 
Foreign offices5,070 15 1.14 9,680 28 1.18 12,743 58 1.84 
Total non-margin loans41,525 188 1.81 40,898 185 1.82 43,928 230 2.10 
Securities:
U.S. government obligations (b)
33,212 59 0.71 28,759 63 0.90 27,901 75 1.08 
U.S. government agency obligations (b)
72,809 244 1.34 77,623 271 1.40 74,583 341 1.83 
State and political subdivisions (b)(c)
2,768 14 1.94 2,526 12 1.92 1,025 7 2.98 
Other securities (b)(c)
47,451 112 0.95 47,030 116 0.99 45,511 140 1.23 
Total investment securities (c)
156,240 429 1.10 155,938 462 1.19 149,020 563 1.51 
Trading securities (c)
6,639 11 0.72 8,141 19 0.95 6,236 18 1.13 
Total securities (c)
162,879 440 1.08 164,079 481 1.18 155,256 581 1.50 
Total interest-earning assets (c)
$388,285 $688 0.71 %$397,297 $741 0.75 %$357,562 $945 1.06 %
Noninterest-earning assets64,044 63,082 57,797 
Total assets$452,329 $460,379 $415,359 
Liabilities
Interest-bearing liabilities:
Interest-bearing deposits:
Domestic offices$126,953 $(8)(0.02)%$128,543 $(7)(0.02)%$102,135 $15 0.06 %
Foreign offices112,513 (41)(0.15)116,572 (30)(0.10)108,508 (32)(0.12)
Total interest-bearing deposits239,466 (49)(0.08)245,115 (37)(0.06)210,643 (17)(0.03)
Federal funds purchased and securities sold under repurchase agreements (a)
13,773 (5)(0.17)15,288 (3)(0.07)14,209 1 0.03 
Trading liabilities2,282 2 0.38 2,227 3 0.53 1,974 2 0.39 
Other borrowed funds298 1 2.21 331 2 2.01 2,272 7 1.30 
Commercial paper— — — — — — 191 1 1.02 
Payables to customers and broker-dealers16,811 — (0.01)17,691 (1)(0.01)18,742 (1)(0.01)
Long-term debt25,275 91 1.43 26,199 119 1.81 28,122 170 2.42 
Total interest-bearing liabilities$297,905 $40 0.05 %$306,851 $83 0.11 %$276,153 $163 0.24 %
Total noninterest-bearing deposits85,802 83,429 72,411 
Other noninterest-bearing liabilities23,317 24,556 24,121 
Total liabilities407,024 414,836 372,685 
Temporary equity
Redeemable noncontrolling interests57 85 74 
Permanent equity
Total The Bank of New York Mellon Corporation shareholders’ equity
44,934 45,261 42,486 
Noncontrolling interests314 197 114 
Total permanent equity45,248 45,458 42,600 
Total liabilities, temporary equity and permanent equity
$452,329 $460,379 $415,359 
Net interest revenue (FTE) – Non-GAAP (d)
$648 $658 $782 
Net interest margin (FTE) – Non-GAAP (c)(d)
0.67 %0.67 %0.88 %
Less: Tax equivalent adjustment3 3 2 
Net interest revenue – GAAP$645 $655 $780 
Net interest margin – GAAP0.67 %0.66 %0.88 %
(a)    Includes the average impact of offsetting under enforceable netting agreements of approximately $41 billion for the second quarter of 2021, $37 billion for the first quarter of 2021 and $67 billion for the second quarter of 2020. On a Non-GAAP basis, excluding the impact of offsetting, the yield on federal funds sold and securities purchased under resale agreements would have been 0.15% for the second quarter of 2021, 0.19% for the first quarter of 2021 and 0.26% for the second quarter of 2020. On a Non-GAAP basis, excluding the impact of offsetting, the rate on federal funds purchased and securities sold under repurchase agreements would have been (0.04)% for the second quarter of 2021, (0.02)% for the first quarter of 2021 and 0.00% for the second quarter of 2020. We believe providing the rates excluding the impact of netting is useful to investors as it is more reflective of the actual rates earned and paid.
(b)    In the second quarter of 2021, we reclassified the impact of hedging within the categories comprising total investment securities to align the impact of hedging with the securities being hedged and reclassified prior periods to be comparable. The change reduced the income and average rates previously reported for U.S. government obligations and U.S. government agency obligations and increased the income and average rates for Other securities.
(c)    Average rates were calculated on an FTE basis, at tax rates of approximately 21%.
(d)    See “Net interest revenue” on page 11 for the reconciliation of this Non-GAAP measure.
12 BNY Mellon

Average balances and interest ratesYear-to-date
June 30, 2021June 30, 2020
(dollars in millions; average rates annualized)Average balanceInterestAverage ratesAverage balanceInterestAverage rates
Assets
Interest-earning assets:
Interest-bearing deposits with the Federal Reserve and other central banks$120,216 $(41)(0.07)%$87,316 $73 0.16 %
Interest-bearing deposits with banks (primarily foreign banks)21,892 25 0.24 19,087 98 1.03 
Federal funds sold and securities purchased under resale agreements (a)
28,518 57 0.40 32,187 457 2.86 
Margin loans17,452 94 1.09 12,887 127 1.99 
Non-margin loans:
Domestic offices33,851 330 1.96 31,453 410 2.62 
Foreign offices7,362 43 1.17 11,956 129 2.17 
Total non-margin loans41,213 373 1.82 43,409 539 2.49 
Securities:
U.S. government obligations (b)
30,998 122 0.80 25,538 139 1.10 
U.S. government agency obligations (b)
75,202 515 1.37 71,815 728 2.03 
State and political subdivisions (b)(c)
2,648 26 1.93 1,029 15 3.02 
Other securities (b)(c)
47,242 228 0.97 40,943 283 1.38 
Total investment securities (c)
156,090 891 1.14 139,325 1,165 1.67 
Trading securities (c)
7,385 30 0.85 6,538 58 1.77 
Total securities (c)
163,475 921 1.13 145,863 1,223 1.68 
Total interest-earning assets (c)
$392,766 $1,429 0.73 %$340,749 $2,517 1.48 %
Noninterest-earning assets63,566 59,569 
Total assets$456,332 $400,318 
Liabilities
Interest-bearing liabilities:
Interest-bearing deposits:
Domestic offices$127,744 $(15)(0.02)%$101,025 $185 0.37 %
Foreign offices114,531 (71)(0.13)103,113 38 0.07 
Total interest-bearing deposits242,275 (86)(0.07)204,138 223 0.22 
Federal funds purchased and securities sold under repurchase agreements (a)
14,526 (8)(0.12)14,064 276 3.95 
Trading liabilities2,255 5 0.45 1,800 9 0.94 
Other borrowed funds314 3 2.11 1,495 11 1.53 
Commercial paper— — — 886 7 1.50 
Payables to customers and broker-dealers17,249 (1)(0.01)17,564 29 0.33 
Long-term debt25,734 210 1.63 27,677 364 2.62 
Total interest-bearing liabilities$302,353 $123 0.08 %$267,624 $919 0.69 %
Total noninterest-bearing deposits84,622 66,494 
Other noninterest-bearing liabilities23,933 24,174 
Total liabilities410,908 358,292 
Temporary equity
Redeemable noncontrolling interests71 70 
Permanent equity
Total The Bank of New York Mellon Corporation shareholders’ equity
45,097 41,846 
Noncontrolling interests256 110 
Total permanent equity45,353 41,956 
Total liabilities, temporary equity and permanent equity
$456,332 $400,318 
Net interest revenue (FTE) – Non-GAAP (d)
$1,306 $1,598 
Net interest margin (FTE) – Non-GAAP (c)(d)
0.67 %0.94 %
Less: Tax equivalent adjustment6 4 
Net interest revenue – GAAP$1,300 $1,594 
Net interest margin – GAAP0.67 %0.94 %
(a)    Includes the average impact of offsetting under enforceable netting agreements of approximately $39 billion for the first six months of 2021 and $73 billion for the first six months of 2020. On a Non-GAAP basis, excluding the impact of offsetting, the yield on federal funds sold and securities purchased under resale agreements would have been 0.17% for the first six months of 2021 and 0.87% for the first six months of 2020. On a Non-GAAP basis, excluding the impact of offsetting, the rate on federal funds purchased and securities sold under repurchase agreements would have been (0.03)% for the first six months of 2021 and 0.64% for the first six months of 2020. We believe providing the rates excluding the impact of netting is useful to investors as it is more reflective of the actual rates earned and paid.
(b)    In the second quarter of 2021, we reclassified the impact of hedging within the categories comprising total investment securities to align the impact of hedging with the securities being hedged and reclassified prior periods to be comparable. The change reduced the income and average rates previously reported for U.S. government obligations and U.S. government agency obligations and increased the income and average rates for Other securities.
(c)    Average rates were calculated on an FTE basis, at tax rates of approximately 21%.
(d)    See “Net interest revenue” on page 11 for the reconciliation of this Non-GAAP measure.
BNY Mellon 13

Noninterest expense

Noninterest expenseYTD21
2Q21 vs. vs.
(dollars in millions)2Q211Q212Q201Q212Q20YTD21YTD20YTD20
Staff$1,518 $1,602 $1,464 (5)%4 %$3,120 $2,946 6 %
Software and equipment365 362 345 1 6 727 671 8 
Professional, legal and other purchased services 363 343 337 6 8 706 667 6 
Sub-custodian and clearing132 124 120 6 10 256 225 14 
Net occupancy122 123 137 (1)(11)245 272 (10)
Distribution and servicing73 74 85 (1)(14)147 176 (16)
Bank assessment charges 35 34 35 3 — 69 70 (1)
Amortization of intangible assets20 24 26 (17)(23)44 52 (15)
Business development22 19 20 16 10 41 62 (34)
Other128 146 117 (12)9 274 257 7 
Total noninterest expense$2,778 $2,851 $2,686 (3)%3 %$5,629 $5,398 4 %
Full-time employees at period end48,800 48,000 48,300 2 %1 %48,800 48,300 1 %


Total noninterest expense increased 3% compared with the second quarter of 2020 and decreased 3% compared with the first quarter of 2021. The increase compared with the second quarter of 2020 primarily reflects the unfavorable impact of a weaker U.S. dollar, investments in efficiency and growth initiatives and higher revenue-related expenses. The investments in efficiency and growth initiatives are primarily included in staff, software and equipment, and professional, legal and other purchased services expenses. The decrease compared with the first quarter of 2021 primarily reflects lower staff expense driven by increased expense for awards to retirement eligible employees recorded in the first quarter of 2021.

We expect total reported noninterest expense to increase approximately 3% for the full-year 2021 compared to 2020. This is driven by an unfavorable impact of foreign exchange rates, incremental investments in growth and efficiency opportunities and higher volume- and revenue-related expenses, partially offset by the impact of 2020 notable items, which were litigation expense, severance and real estate charges. Notable items comprised 1% of total noninterest expense in 2020. Noninterest expense could be impacted if foreign exchange rates change from June 30, 2021 levels, volume- and revenue-related expenses increase or there are unexpected charges or expenses.


Year-to-date 2021 compared with year-to-date 2020

Noninterest expense increased 4% compared with the first six months of 2020, primarily reflecting investments in efficiency and growth initiatives, the unfavorable impact of a weaker U.S. dollar and higher revenue-related expenses, partially offset by lower distribution and servicing, net occupancy and business development (travel and marketing) expenses.

Income taxes

BNY Mellon recorded an income tax provision of $241 million (19.0% effective tax rate) in the second quarter of 2021, $216 million (18.3% effective tax rate) in the second quarter of 2020 and $221 million (19.2% effective tax rate) in the first quarter of 2021. For additional information, see Note 10 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

14 BNY Mellon

Review of businesses

We have an internal information system that produces performance data along product and service lines for our two principal businesses, Investment Services and Investment and Wealth Management, and the Other segment.

Business accounting principles

Our business data has been determined on an internal management basis of accounting, rather than the generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”) used for consolidated financial reporting. These measurement principles are designed so that reported results of the businesses will track their economic performance.

For information on the accounting principles of our businesses, see Note 18 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements. For information on the primary products and services in each line of business, the primary types of revenue by business and how our businesses are presented and analyzed, see Note 24 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in our 2020 Annual Report.

Business results are subject to reclassification when organizational changes are made, or for refinements in revenue and expense allocation methodologies. Refinements are typically reflected on a prospective basis. There were no reclassification or organizational changes in the second quarter of 2021.

The results of our businesses may be influenced by client and other activities that vary by quarter. In the first quarter, staff expense typically increases reflecting the vesting of long-term stock awards for retirement-eligible employees. In the third quarter, Depositary Receipts revenue is typically higher due to an increased level of client dividend payments. Also in the third quarter, volume-related fees may decline
due to reduced client activity, and staff expense typically increases reflecting the annual employee merit increase. In the fourth quarter, we typically incur higher business development and marketing expenses; however, 2020 was an exception given the impact of the coronavirus pandemic. In our Investment and Wealth Management business, performance fees are typically higher in the fourth and first quarters, as those quarters represent the end of the measurement period for many of the performance fee-eligible relationships.

The results of our businesses may also be impacted by the translation of financial results denominated in foreign currencies to the U.S. dollar. We are primarily impacted by activities denominated in the British pound and the euro. On a consolidated basis and in our Investment Services business, we typically have more foreign currency-denominated expenses than revenues. However, our Investment and Wealth Management business typically has more foreign currency-denominated revenues than expenses. Overall, currency fluctuations impact the year-over-year growth rate in the Investment and Wealth Management business more than the Investment Services business. However, currency fluctuations, in isolation, are not expected to significantly impact net income on a consolidated basis.

Fee revenue in Investment and Wealth Management, and to a lesser extent in Investment Services, is impacted by the value of market indices. At June 30, 2021, we estimated that a 5% change in global equity markets, spread evenly throughout the year, would impact fee revenue by less than 1% and diluted earnings per common share by $0.04 to $0.07.

See Note 18 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for the consolidating schedules which show the contribution of our businesses to our overall profitability.
BNY Mellon 15

Investment Services business

YTD21
(dollars in millions)2Q21 vs. vs.
2Q211Q214Q203Q202Q201Q212Q20YTD21YTD20YTD20
Revenue:
Investment services fees:
Asset servicing fees (a)
$1,192 $1,191 $1,130 $1,156 $1,164 — %2 %$2,383 $2,311 3 %
Clearing services fees (b)
435 455 418 397 431 (4)1 890 901 (1)
Issuer services fees281 245 257 295 277 15 1 526 540 (3)
Treasury services fees160 157 156 152 144 2 11 317 293 8 
Total investment services fees2,068 2,048 1,961 2,000 2,016 1 3 4,116 4,045 2 
Foreign exchange revenue152 193 163 126 164 (21)(7)345 392 (c)(12)
Other (d)
116 104 111 120 159 12 (27)220 338 (c)(35)
Total fee and other revenue2,336 2,345 2,235 2,246 2,339 — — 4,681 4,775 (2)
Net interest revenue643 645 670 681 768 — (16)1,288 1,574 (18)
Total revenue2,979 2,990 2,905 2,927 3,107 — (4)5,969 6,349 (6)
Provision for credit losses(77)(79)31 (10)145 N/MN/M(156)294 N/M
Noninterest expense (excluding amortization of intangible assets)2,040 2,084 2,157 2,002 1,971 (2)4 4,124 3,940 5 
Amortization of intangible assets12 17 17 18 18 (29)(33)29 36 (19)
Total noninterest expense2,052 2,101 2,174 2,020 1,989 (2)3 4,153 3,976 4 
Income before income taxes$1,004 $968 $700 $917 $973 4 %3 %$1,972 $2,079 (5)%
Pre-tax operating margin34 %32 %24 %31 %31 %33 %33 %
Securities lending revenue$42 $41 $36 $37 $51 2 %(18)%$83 $97 (14)%
Total revenue by line of business:
Asset Servicing$1,382 $1,424 $1,357 $1,354 $1,463 (3)%(6)%$2,806 $2,994 (6)%
Pershing590 605 563 538 578 (2)2 1,195 1,231 (3)
Issuer Services405 363 385 435 431 12 (6)768 850 (10)
Treasury Services319 317 325 323 340 1 (6)636 679 (6)
Clearance and Collateral Management283 281 275 277 295 1 (4)564 595 (5)
Total revenue by line of business$2,979 $2,990 $2,905 $2,927 $3,107 — %(4)%$5,969 $6,349 (6)%
Average balances:
Average loans$46,845 $43,468 $41,437 $40,308 $43,113 8 %9 %$45,166 $42,451 6 %
Average deposits$313,923 $315,088 $292,631 $263,621 $268,467 — %17 %$314,502 $255,327 23 %
(a)    Asset servicing fees include the fees from the Clearance and Collateral Management business.
(b)    Clearing services fees are almost entirely earned by our Pershing business.
(c)    In the first quarter of 2021, we reclassified certain items within total revenue on the consolidated income statement and reclassified prior periods to be comparable with the current period presentation. See Note 1 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information.
(d)    Other revenue includes investment management and performance fees, financing-related fees, distribution and servicing revenue, securities gains and losses and investment and other income.
N/M – Not meaningful.


16 BNY Mellon

Investment Services business metrics2Q21 vs.
(dollars in millions, unless otherwise noted)2Q211Q214Q203Q202Q201Q212Q20
AUC/A at period end (in trillions) (a)
$45.0 $41.7 $41.1 $38.6 $37.3 8 %21 %
Market value of securities on loan at period end (in billions) (b)
$456 $445 $435 $378 $384 2 %19 %
Pershing:
Net new assets (U.S. platform) (in billions) (c)
$40 $28 $28 $12 $11 N/MN/M
Average active clearing accounts (U.S. platform) (in thousands)
6,889 6,757 6,635 6,556 6,507 2 %6 %
Average long-term mutual fund assets (U.S. platform)$730,954 $678,556 $630,086 $597,312 $547,579 8 %33 %
Average investor margin loans (U.S. platform)$12,097 $10,937 $10,097 $9,350 $9,235 11 %31 %
Clearance and Collateral Management:
Average tri-party collateral management balances (in billions)
$3,898 $3,638 $3,555 $3,417 $3,573 7 %9 %
(a)    Consists of AUC/A primarily from the Asset Servicing business and, to a lesser extent, the Clearance and Collateral Management, Issuer Services, Pershing and Wealth Management businesses. Includes the AUC/A of CIBC Mellon of $1.7 trillion at June 30, 2021, $1.6 trillion at March 31, 2021, $1.5 trillion at Dec. 31, 2020, $1.4 trillion at Sept. 30, 2020 and $1.3 trillion at June 30, 2020.
(b)    Represents the total amount of securities on loan in our agency securities lending program managed by the Investment Services business. Excludes securities for which BNY Mellon acts as agent on behalf of CIBC Mellon clients, which totaled $63 billion at June 30, 2021, $64 billion at March 31, 2021, $68 billion at Dec. 31, 2020 and $62 billion at Sept. 30, 2020 and June 30, 2020.
(c)    Net new assets represent net flows of assets excluding dividends and interest (e.g., net cash deposits and net securities transfers) in customer accounts in Pershing LLC, a U.S. broker-dealer.
N/M – Not meaningful.


Business description

BNY Mellon Investment Services provides business services and technology solutions to entities including financial institutions, corporations, foundations and endowments, public funds and government agencies. Our lines of business include: Asset Servicing, Pershing, Issuer Services, Treasury Services and Clearance and Collateral Management. For information on the drivers of the Investment Services fee revenue, see Note 10 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in our 2020 Annual Report.

We are one of the leading global investment services providers with $45.0 trillion of AUC/A at June 30, 2021.

The Asset Servicing business provides a comprehensive suite of solutions. As one of the largest global custody and fund accounting providers and a trusted partner, we offer services for the safekeeping of assets in capital markets globally as well as alternative investment and structured product strategies. We provide custody and foreign exchange services, support exchange-traded funds and unit investment trusts and provide our clients outsourcing capabilities. Our robust digital and data offerings enable us to provide fully integrated technology solutions for our clients. We deliver securities lending and financing solutions on both an agency and principal basis. Our agency securities lending program is one of the largest lenders of U.S. and non-U.S. securities, servicing a lendable asset pool of
approximately $5.0 trillion in 34 separate markets. Our market-leading liquidity services portal enables cash investments for institutional clients and includes fund research and analytics.

Pershing provides execution, clearing, custody, business and technology solutions, delivering dependable operational support to broker-dealers, wealth managers and registered investment advisors (“RIAs”) globally.

The Issuer Services business includes Corporate Trust and Depositary Receipts. Our Corporate Trust business delivers a full range of issuer and related investor services, including trustee, paying agency, fiduciary, escrow and other financial services. We are a leading provider to the debt capital markets, providing customized and market-driven solutions to investors, bondholders and lenders. Our Depositary Receipts business drives global investing by providing servicing and value-added solutions that enable, facilitate and enhance cross-border trading, clearing, settlement and ownership. We are one of the largest providers of depositary receipts services in the world, partnering with leading companies from more than 50 countries.

Our Treasury Services business is a leading provider of payments, liquidity management and trade finance services for financial institutions, corporations and the public sector.

BNY Mellon 17

Our Clearance and Collateral Management business clears and settles equity and fixed-income transactions globally and serves as custodian for tri-party repo collateral worldwide. We are the primary provider of U.S. government securities clearance and a provider of non-U.S. government securities clearance. Our collateral services include collateral management, administration and segregation. We offer innovative solutions and industry expertise which help financial institutions and institutional investors with their liquidity, financing, risk and balance sheet challenges. We are a leading provider of tri-party collateral management services with an average of $3.9 trillion serviced globally, including approximately $2.7 trillion of the U.S. tri-party repo market at June 30, 2021.

Review of financial results

AUC/A of $45.0 trillion increased 21% compared with June 30, 2020, primarily reflecting higher market values, net new business and the favorable impact of a weaker U.S. dollar. AUC/A consisted of 38% equity securities and 62% fixed-income securities at June 30, 2021 and 33% equity securities and 67% fixed-income securities at June 30, 2020.

Total revenue of $3.0 billion decreased 4% compared with the second quarter of 2020 and decreased slightly compared with the first quarter of 2021. The drivers of total revenue by line of business are indicated below.

Asset Servicing revenue of $1.4 billion decreased 6% compared with the second quarter of 2020 and 3% compared with the first quarter of 2021. The decrease compared with the second quarter of 2020 includes lower net interest revenue, higher money market fee waivers and lower foreign exchange revenue, partially offset by higher client activity and market values. The decrease compared with the first quarter of 2021 primarily reflects lower foreign exchange revenue and higher money market fee waivers.

Pershing revenue of $590 million increased 2% compared with the second quarter of 2020 and decreased 2% compared with the first quarter of 2021. The increase compared with the second quarter of 2020 primarily reflects higher market values, client activity and balances, partially offset by higher money market fee waivers. The decrease compared with the first quarter of 2021 primarily reflects lower
clearance volumes, partially offset by higher market values.

Issuer Services revenue of $405 million decreased 6% compared with the second quarter of 2020 and increased 12% compared with the first quarter of 2021. The decrease compared with the second quarter of 2020 primarily reflects higher money market fee waivers and lower net interest revenue in Corporate Trust, partially offset by higher Depositary Receipts revenue. The increase compared with the first quarter of 2021 primarily reflects higher Depositary Receipts revenue, partially offset by higher money market fee waivers in Corporate Trust.

Treasury Services revenue of $319 million decreased 6% compared with the second quarter of 2020 and increased 1% compared with the first quarter of 2021. The decrease compared with the second quarter of 2020 primarily reflects lower interest rates and higher money market fee waivers, partially offset by higher payment volumes and deposits. The increase compared with the first quarter of 2021 primarily reflects higher net interest revenue and net new business, partially offset by higher money market fee waivers.

Clearance and Collateral Management revenue of $283 million decreased 4% compared with the second quarter of 2020 and increased 1% compared with the first quarter of 2021. The decrease compared with the second quarter of 2020 primarily reflects lower net interest revenue, intraday credit fees and clearance volumes, partially offset by higher tri-party collateral management balances. The increase compared with the first quarter of 2021 primarily reflects higher tri-party collateral management balances, partially offset by lower clearance volumes.

Market and regulatory trends are driving investable assets toward lower fee asset management products at reduced margins for our clients. These dynamics are also negatively impacting our investment services fees. However, at the same time, these trends are providing additional outsourcing opportunities as clients and other market participants seek to comply with regulations and reduce their operating costs.

Noninterest expense of $2.1 billion increased 3% compared with the second quarter of 2020 and decreased 2% compared with the first quarter of 2021. The increase compared with the second quarter of 2020 primarily reflects the unfavorable impact of a weaker U.S. dollar, investments in efficiency and
18 BNY Mellon

growth initiatives and higher revenue-related expenses. The decrease compared with the first quarter of 2021 primarily reflects lower staff and litigation expenses, partially offset by higher revenue-related expenses.

Year-to-date 2021 compared with year-to-date 2020

Total revenue of $6.0 billion decreased 6% compared with the first six months of 2020. Asset Servicing revenue of $2.8 billion decreased 6%, primarily reflecting lower net interest revenue, higher money market fee waivers and lower foreign exchange revenue, partially offset by higher client activity and market values. Pershing revenue of $1.2 billion decreased 3%, primarily reflecting higher money market fee waivers, partially offset by higher market values and client volumes. Issuer Services revenue of
$768 million decreased 10%, primarily reflecting lower net interest revenue and higher money market fee waivers in Corporate Trust. Treasury Services revenue of $636 million decreased 6%, primarily reflecting lower interest rates and higher money market fee waivers, partially offset by higher payment volumes and deposits. Clearance and Collateral Management revenue of $564 million decreased 5%, primarily reflecting lower net interest revenue, intra-day credit fees and clearance volumes.

Noninterest expense of $4.2 billion increased 4% compared with the first six months of 2020 primarily reflects investments in efficiency and growth initiatives, the unfavorable impact of a weaker U.S. dollar, higher revenue-related expenses and litigation expense.

BNY Mellon 19

Investment and Wealth Management business

YTD21
2Q21 vs. vs.
(dollars in millions)2Q211Q214Q203Q202Q201Q212Q20YTD21YTD20YTD20
Revenue:
Investment management fees (a)
$876 $850 $839 $828 $782 3 %12 %$1,726 $1,594 8 %
Performance fees14 40 45 7 5 N/M180 54 55 (2)
Investment management and performance fees (b)
890 890 884 835 787 — 13 1,780 1,649 8 
Distribution and servicing28 28 29 31 34 — (18)56 77 (27)
Other (a)
34 25 27 5 17 N/MN/M59 (42)N/M
Total fee and other revenue (a)
952 943 940 871 838 1 14 1,895 1,684 13 
Net interest revenue47 48 50 47 48 (2)(2)95 100 (5)
Total revenue999 991 990 918 886 1 13 1,990 1,784 12 
Provision for credit losses(4)4 (8)12 7 N/MN/M— 16 N/M
Noninterest expense (excluding amortization of intangible assets)669 702 678 653 650 (5)3 1,371 1,337 3 
Amortization of intangible assets8 7 9 8 8 14 — 15 16 (6)
Total noninterest expense677 709 687 661 658 (5)3 1,386 1,353 2 
Income before income taxes$326 $278 $311 $245 $221 17 %48 %$604 $415 46 %
Pre-tax operating margin33 %28 %32 %27 %25 %30 %23 %
Adjusted pre-tax operating margin – Non-GAAP (c)
35 %30 %34 %29 %28 %33 %26 %
Total revenue by line of business:
Investment Management$700 $698 $714 $641 $621 — %13 %$1,398 $1,241 13 %
Wealth Management299 293 276 277 265 2 13 592 543 9 
Total revenue by line of business$999 $991 $990 $918 $886 1 %13 %$1,990 $1,784 12 %
Average balances:
Average loans$11,871 $11,610 $11,497 $11,503 $11,791 2 %1 %$11,742 $11,958 (2)%
Average deposits$17,466 $19,177 $18,144 $17,570 $17,491 (9)%— %$18,317 $16,817 9 %
(a)    Total fee and other revenue includes the impact of the consolidated investment management funds, net of noncontrolling interests. Additionally, other revenue includes asset servicing fees, treasury services fees, foreign exchange revenue and investment and other income.
(b)    On a constant currency basis, investment management and performance fees increased 9% (Non-GAAP) compared with the second quarter of 2020. See “Supplemental information – Explanation of GAAP and Non-GAAP financial measures” beginning on page 47 for the reconciliation of this Non-GAAP measure.
(c)    Net of distribution and servicing expense. See “Supplemental information – Explanation of GAAP and Non-GAAP financial measures” beginning on page 47.
N/M – Not meaningful.
20 BNY Mellon

AUM trends2Q21 vs.
(dollars in billions)2Q211Q214Q203Q202Q201Q212Q20
AUM at period end, by product type: (a)
Equity $187 $173 $170 $149 $141 8 %33 %
Fixed income 272 261 259 241 224 4 21 
Index 440 419 393 350 333 5 32 
Liability-driven investments841 802 855 788 752 5 12 
Multi-asset and alternative investments 222 214 209 193 185 4 20 
Cash358 345 325 320 326 4 10 
Total AUM by product type$2,320 $2,214 $2,211 $2,041 $1,961 5 %18 %
Changes in AUM: (a)
Beginning balance of AUM$2,214 $2,211 $2,041 $1,961 $1,796 
Net inflows (outflows):
Long-term strategies:
Equity(3)— (2)(4)(2)
Fixed income8 8 5 1 4 
Liability-driven investments11 8 15 14 (2)
Multi-asset and alternative investments1 (2)— (3)— 
Total long-term active strategies inflows17 14 18 8 — 
Index(5)3 (3)(3)9 
Total long-term strategies inflows 12 17 15 5 9 
Short-term strategies:
Cash13 19 5 (10)11 
Total net inflows (outflows)25 36 20 (5)20 
Net market impact79 (36)93 41 143 
Net currency impact2 3 57 44 2 
Ending balance of AUM$2,320 $2,214 $2,211 $2,041 $1,961 5 %18 %
Wealth Management client assets (b)
$305 $292 $286 $265 $254 4 %20 %
(a)    Excludes securities lending cash management assets and assets managed in the Investment Services business.
(b)    Includes AUM and AUC/A in the Wealth Management business.


Business description

Our Investment and Wealth Management business consists of two distinct lines of business, Investment Management and Wealth Management. Our investment firms deliver a highly diversified portfolio of investment strategies independently, and through our global distribution network, to institutional and retail clients globally. BNY Mellon Wealth Management provides investment management, custody, wealth and estate planning, private banking services, investment servicing and information management. See pages 19 and 20 of our 2020 Annual Report for additional information on our Investment and Wealth Management business.

Review of financial results

AUM increased 18% compared with June 30, 2020 primarily reflecting higher market values, the favorable impact of a weaker U.S. dollar (principally versus the British pound) and net inflows.

Net long-term strategy inflows were $12 billion in the second quarter of 2021, driven by inflows of liability-driven and fixed income investments, partially offset by outflows of index and equity funds. Short-term strategy inflows were $13 billion in the second quarter of 2021. Market and regulatory trends have resulted in increased demand for lower fee asset management products and for performance-based fees.

Total revenue of $999 million increased 13% compared with the second quarter of 2020 and 1% compared with the first quarter of 2021.

Investment Management revenue of $700 million increased 13% compared with the second quarter of 2020 and increased slightly compared with the first quarter of 2021. The increase compared with the second quarter of 2020 primarily reflects the impact of higher market values, the favorable impact of a weaker U.S. dollar, higher performance fees and net inflows, partially offset by the impact of money market fee waivers. The slight increase compared
BNY Mellon 21

with the first quarter of 2021 primarily reflects the impact of higher market values, equity investment gains (net of hedges), including seed capital, and net inflows, partially offset by the timing of performance fees and higher money market fee waivers.

Wealth Management revenue of $299 million increased 13% compared with the second quarter of 2020 and 2% compared with the first quarter of 2021. Both increases primarily reflect the impact of higher market values.

Revenue generated in the Investment and Wealth Management business included 38% from non-U.S. sources in the second quarter of 2021, compared with 40% in the second quarter of 2020 and 38% in the first quarter of 2021.

Noninterest expense of $677 million increased 3% compared with the second quarter of 2020 and decreased 5% compared with the first quarter of 2021. The increase compared with the second quarter of 2020 primarily reflects the unfavorable impact of a
weaker U.S. dollar and higher staff expense, partially offset by lower distribution and servicing expense. The decrease compared with the first quarter of 2021 primarily reflects lower staff expense.

Year-to-date 2021 compared with year-to-date 2020

Total revenue of $2.0 billion increased 12% compared with the first six months of 2020. Investment Management revenue of $1.4 billion increased 13% primarily reflecting higher market values, the favorable impact of a weaker U.S. dollar, and equity investment gains (net of hedges), including seed capital, partially offset by higher money market fee waivers. Wealth Management revenue of $592 million increased 9%, primarily reflecting higher market values.

Noninterest expense of $1.4 billion increased 2% compared with the first six months of 2020, primarily reflecting the unfavorable impact of a weaker U.S. dollar and higher staff expense, partially offset by lower distribution and servicing expense.


Other segment

(in millions)2Q211Q214Q203Q202Q20YTD21YTD20
Fee revenue$13 $9 $11 $7 $10 $22 $16 (a)
Other revenue9 (36)(28)13 28 (27)52 (a)
Total fee and other revenue 22 (27)(17)20 38 (5)68 
Net interest (expense)(45)(38)(40)(25)(36)(83)(80)
Total revenue(23)(65)(57)(5)2 (88)(12)
Provision for credit losses(5)(8)(8)7 (9)(13)2 
Noninterest expense49 41 64 — 39 90 69 
(Loss) before income taxes$(67)$(98)$(113)$(12)$(28)$(165)$(83)
Average loans and leases$1,804 $1,711 $1,794 $1,805 $1,815 $1,757 $1,887 
(a)    In the first quarter of 2021, we reclassified certain items within total revenue on the consolidated income statement and reclassified prior periods to be comparable with the current period presentation. See Note 1 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information.


See page 21 of our 2020 Annual Report for additional information on the Other segment.

Review of financial results

Total revenue includes corporate treasury and other investment activity, including hedging activity which has an offsetting impact in fee and other revenue and net interest expense.

Fee and other revenue decreased $16 million compared with the second quarter of 2020 and increased $49 million compared with the first quarter of 2021. The decrease compared with the second quarter of 2020 was impacted by lower net securities gains. The increase compared with the first quarter of 2021 primarily reflects an impairment of a renewable energy investment recorded in the first quarter of 2021.

22 BNY Mellon

Noninterest expense increased $10 million compared with the second quarter of 2020 and $8 million compared with the first quarter of 2021. Both increases primarily reflect higher staff expense.

Year-to-date 2021 compared with year-to-date 2020

(Loss) before income taxes increased $82 million compared with the first six months of 2020. Total fee and other revenue decreased $73 million, primarily reflecting an impairment of a renewable energy investment recorded in the first quarter of 2021 and lower net securities gains. Noninterest expense increased $21 million compared with the first six months of 2020, primarily reflecting higher staff expense.

Critical accounting estimates

Our significant accounting policies are described in Note 1 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in our 2020 Annual Report. Our critical accounting estimates are those related to the allowance for credit losses, fair value of financial instruments and derivatives, goodwill and other intangibles and litigation and regulatory contingencies, as referenced below.

Critical accounting estimates
Reference
Allowance for credit losses2020 Annual Report, pages 24-26, and “Allowance for credit losses.”
Fair value of financial instruments and derivatives2020 Annual Report, pages 26-28.
Goodwill and other intangibles2020 Annual Report, pages 28-29.
Also see below.
Litigation and regulatory contingencies“Legal proceedings” in Note 17 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.


Goodwill and other intangible assets

BNY Mellon’s business segments include six reporting units for which goodwill impairment testing is performed on an annual basis. The Investment Services segment is comprised of four reporting units and the Investment and Wealth Management segment is comprised of two reporting units.

In the second quarter of 2021, we performed our annual goodwill impairment test on all six reporting units using an income approach to estimate fair
values of each reporting unit. Estimated cash flows used in the income approach were based on management’s projections as of March 31, 2021. The discount rate applied to these cash flows was 10% and incorporated a 6% market equity risk premium. Estimated cash flows extend far into the future, and, by their nature, are difficult to estimate over such an extended time frame.

As a result of the annual goodwill impairment test of the six reporting units, no goodwill impairment was recognized. The fair values of all six of the Company’s reporting units were substantially in excess of the respective reporting units’ carrying value. The Investment Management reporting unit, with $7.3 billion of allocated goodwill, which is one of the two reporting units in the Investment and Wealth Management segment, exceeded its carrying value by approximately 25%. For the Investment Management reporting unit, in the future, small changes in the assumptions, such as changes in the level of AUM and operating margin, could produce a non-cash goodwill impairment. See “Critical accounting estimates” in our 2020 Annual Report for additional information on the annual goodwill impairment test.

Consolidated balance sheet review

One of our key risk management objectives is to maintain a balance sheet that remains strong throughout market cycles to meet the expectations of our major stakeholders, including our shareholders, clients, creditors and regulators.

We also seek to undertake overall liquidity risk, including intraday liquidity risk, that stays within our risk appetite. The objective of our balance sheet management strategy is to maintain a balance sheet that is characterized by strong liquidity and asset quality, ready access to external funding sources at competitive rates and a strong capital structure that supports our risk-taking activities and is adequate to absorb potential losses. In managing the balance sheet, appropriate consideration is given to balancing the competing needs of maintaining sufficient levels of liquidity and complying with applicable regulations and supervisory expectations while optimizing profitability.

At June 30, 2021, total assets were $467 billion, compared with $470 billion at Dec. 31, 2020. The decrease in total assets was primarily driven by lower
BNY Mellon 23

interest-bearing deposits with the Federal Reserve and other central banks, partially offset by higher loans. Deposits totaled $339 billion at June 30, 2021, compared with $342 billion at Dec. 31, 2020. The decrease reflects lower interest-bearing deposits in both non-U.S. and U.S. offices, partially offset by higher noninterest-bearing deposits (principally U.S. offices). Total interest-bearing deposits as a percentage of total interest-earning assets were 61% at June 30, 2021 and 63% at Dec. 31, 2020.

At June 30, 2021, available funds totaled $183 billion, which include cash and due from banks, interest-bearing deposits with the Federal Reserve and other central banks, interest-bearing deposits with banks and federal funds sold and securities purchased under resale agreements. This compares with available funds of $196 billion at Dec. 31, 2020. Total available funds as a percentage of total assets were 39% at June 30, 2021 and 42% at Dec. 31, 2020. For additional information on our available funds, see “Liquidity and dividends.”

Securities were $155.9 billion, or 33% of total assets, at June 30, 2021, compared with $156.4 billion, or 33% of total assets, at Dec. 31, 2020. The decrease primarily reflects lower agency residential mortgage-backed securities (“RMBS”) and a decrease in unrealized pre-tax gain, partially offset by an increase in U.S. Treasury securities. For additional information on our securities portfolio, see “Securities” and Note 3 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

Loans were $63.5 billion, or 14% of total assets, at June 30, 2021, compared with $56.5 billion, or 12% of total assets, at Dec. 31, 2020. The increase was
primarily driven by higher margin loans and overdrafts. For additional information on our loan portfolio, see “Loans” and Note 4 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

Long-term debt totaled $25.6 billion at June 30, 2021 and $26.0 billion at Dec. 31, 2020. Redemptions, a maturity and a decrease in the fair value of hedged long-term debt were partially offset by issuances. For additional information on long-term debt, see “Liquidity and dividends.”

The Bank of New York Mellon Corporation total shareholders’ equity decreased to $45.3 billion at June 30, 2021 from $45.8 billion at Dec. 31, 2020. For additional information, see “Capital.”

Country risk exposure

The following table presents BNY Mellon’s top 10 exposures by country (excluding the U.S.) as of June 30, 2021, as well as certain countries with higher risk profiles, and is presented on an internal risk management basis. We monitor our exposure to these and other countries as part of our internal country risk management process.

The country risk exposure below reflects the Company’s risk to an immediate default of the counterparty or obligor based on the country of residence of the entity which incurs the liability. If there is credit risk mitigation, the country of residence of the entity providing the risk mitigation is the country of risk. The country of risk for securities is generally based on the domicile of the issuer of the security.

24 BNY Mellon

Country risk exposure at June 30, 2021
Interest-bearing depositsTotal exposure
(in billions)Central banksBanks
Lending (a)
Securities (b)
Other (c)
Top 10 country exposure:
United Kingdom (“UK”)$19.6 $0.4 $1.6 $3.4 $3.8 $28.8 
Germany22.2 0.6 0.6 4.3 0.5 28.2 
Japan18.2 0.9 — 0.5 0.2 19.8 
Belgium8.6 0.7 0.1 0.2 — 9.6 
Canada— 3.9 0.3 3.7 1.2 9.1 
Netherlands4.3 — 0.3 2.0 0.1 6.7 
Luxembourg1.4 0.1 0.2 0.1 2.8 4.6 
China— 2.5 1.3 — 0.1 3.9 
Ireland0.7 0.2 0.4 0.2 2.3 3.8 
France— 0.4 — 2.8 0.3 3.5 
Total Top 10 country exposure$75.0 $9.7 $4.8 $17.2 $11.3 $118.0 (d)
Select country exposure:
Italy$0.1 $— $— $1.7 $— $1.8 
Brazil— — 0.9 0.1 0.4 1.4 
Total select country exposure$0.1 $— $0.9 $1.8 $0.4 $3.2 
(a)    Lending includes loans, acceptances, issued letters of credit, net of participations, and lending-related commitments.
(b)    Securities include both the available-for-sale and held-to-maturity portfolios.
(c)    Other exposures include over-the-counter (“OTC”) derivative and securities financing transactions, net of collateral.
(d)    The top 10 country exposures comprise approximately 75% of our total non-U.S. exposure.


Events in recent years have resulted in increased focus on Italy and Brazil. The country risk exposure to Italy primarily consists of investment grade sovereign debt. The country risk exposure to Brazil is primarily short-term trade finance loans extended to large financial institutions. We also have operations in Brazil providing investment services and investment management services.

Securities

In the discussion of our securities portfolio, we have included certain credit ratings information because the information can indicate the degree of credit risk to which we are exposed. Significant changes in ratings classifications could indicate increased credit risk for us and could be accompanied by an increase in the allowance for credit losses and/or a reduction in the fair value of our securities portfolio.

BNY Mellon 25

The following table shows the distribution of our total securities portfolio.

Securities portfolioMarch 31, 2021
2Q21
change in
unrealized
gain (loss)
June 30, 2021
Fair value as a % of amortized
cost (a)
Unrealized
gain (loss)
% Floating
rate (b)
Ratings (c)
BBB+/
BBB-		BB+
and
lower		A1+/A2 & SP-1
(dollars in millions)Fair
value
Amortized
cost (a)
Fair
value		AAA/
AA-		A+/
A-		Not
rated
Agency RMBS$58,831 $66 $53,154 $53,944 101 %$790 14 %100 %— %— %— %— %— %
U.S. Treasury30,595 (28)34,112 34,267 100 155 53 100 — — — — — 
Sovereign debt/sovereign guaranteed (d)
14,571 (6)14,098 14,209 101 111 16 75 5 19 1 — — 
Agency commercial mortgage-backed securities (“MBS”)11,730 72 11,360 11,678 103 318 30 100 — — — — — 
Supranational7,505 — 8,121 8,157 100 36 56 100 — — — — — 
Foreign covered bonds (e)
6,542 (10)6,752 6,793 101 41 35 100 — — — — — 
U.S. government agencies5,469 43 5,446 5,460 100 14 25 100 — — — — — 
Collateralized loan obligations (“CLOs”)4,754 (1)5,137 5,139 100 2 100 99 — — — — 1 
Non-agency commercial MBS2,948 41 3,181 3,263 103 82 24 99 1 — — — — 
Foreign government agencies (f)
2,697 (4)2,693 2,708 101 15 13 92 8 — — — — 
State and political subdivisions2,649 27 2,610 2,621 100 11 — 83 10 — — 6 1 
Non-agency RMBS (g)
2,509 (5)2,391 2,530 106 139 50 74 4 — 11 — 11 
Other asset-backed securities (“ABS”)2,628 (1)2,446 2,456 100 10 19 100 — — — — — 
Corporate bonds2,238 50 2,348 2,347 100 (1)— 16 68 16 — — — 
Other1 — 1 1 100 — — — — — — — 100 
Total securities$155,667 (h)$244 $153,850 $155,573 (h)101 %$1,723 (h)(i)31 %96 %2 %2 %— %— %— %
(a)    Amortized cost reflects historical impairments, and is net of the allowance for credit losses.
(b)    Includes the impact of hedges.
(c)    Represents ratings by Standard & Poor’s (“S&P”) or the equivalent.
(d)    Primarily consists of exposure to Germany, France, Italy, UK, Singapore and Spain.
(e)    Primarily consists of exposure to Canada, UK, Australia and Norway.
(f)    Primarily consists of exposure to the Netherlands, Canada, France and Sweden.
(g)    Includes RMBS that were included in the former Grantor Trust of $451 million at March 31, 2021 and $416 million at June 30, 2021.
(h)    Includes net unrealized losses on derivatives hedging securities available-for-sale (including terminated hedges) of $634 million at March 31, 2021 and $927 million at June 30, 2021.
(i)    Includes unrealized gains of $1,129 million at June 30, 2021 related to available-for-sale securities, net of hedges, and $594 million related to held-to-maturity securities.


The fair value of our securities portfolio, including related hedges, was $155.6 billion at June 30, 2021, compared with $156.3 billion at Dec. 31, 2020. The decrease primarily reflects lower agency RMBS and a decrease in unrealized pre-tax gain, partially offset by an increase in U.S. Treasury securities.

At June 30, 2021, the securities portfolio had a net unrealized gain, including the impact of related hedges, of $1.7 billion, compared with $3.2 billion at Dec. 31, 2020. The decrease in the net unrealized gain, including the impact of hedges, was primarily driven by higher market interest rates.

The fair value of the available-for-sale securities totaled $102.7 billion at June 30, 2021, net of hedges, or 66% of the securities portfolio, net of hedges. The fair value of the held-to-maturity securities totaled $52.9 billion at June 30, 2021, or 34% of the securities portfolio, net of hedges.
The unrealized gain (after-tax) on our available-for-sale securities portfolio, net of hedges, included in accumulated other comprehensive income was $854 million at June 30, 2021, compared with $1.5 billion at Dec. 31, 2020. The decrease in the unrealized gain, net of tax, was primarily driven by higher market interest rates.

At June 30, 2021, 96% of the securities in our portfolio were rated AAA/AA-, compared with 95% at Dec. 31, 2020.

See Note 3 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for the pre-tax net securities gains (losses) by security type. See Note 14 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for securities by level in the fair value hierarchy.

26 BNY Mellon

The following table presents the amortizable purchase premium (net of discount) related to the securities portfolio and accretable discount related to the 2009 restructuring of the securities portfolio.

Net premium amortization and discount accretion of securities (a)
(dollars in millions)2Q211Q214Q203Q202Q20
Amortizable purchase premium (net of discount) relating to securities:
Balance at period-end$2,067 $2,195 $2,283 $2,050 $1,693 
Estimated average life remaining at period-end (in years)
4.4 4.3 3.9 3.8 3.7 
Amortization$183 $189 $181 $161 $125 
Accretable discount related to the prior restructuring of the securities portfolio:
Balance at period-end$118 $121 $130 $133 $145 
Estimated average life remaining at period-end (in years)
6.1 5.9 5.6 5.7 5.8 
Accretion$9 $12 $8 $9 $10 
(a)    Amortization of purchase premium decreases net interest revenue while accretion of discount increases net interest revenue. Both were recorded on a level yield basis.


Loans 

Total exposure – consolidatedJune 30, 2021Dec. 31, 2020
(in billions)LoansUnfunded
commitments		Total
exposure		LoansUnfunded
commitments		Total
exposure
Non-margin loans:
Financial institutions$10.7 $32.4 $43.1 $11.2 $32.8 $44.0 
Commercial1.7 12.3 14.0 1.4 12.7 14.1 
Subtotal institutional12.4 44.7 57.1 12.6 45.5 58.1 
Wealth management loans and mortgages17.5 1.1 18.6 16.4 1.1 17.5 
Commercial real estate6.1 3.5 9.6 6.1 3.2 9.3 
Lease financings0.9 — 0.9 1.0 — 1.0 
Other residential mortgages0.3 — 0.3 0.4 — 0.4 
Overdrafts4.3 — 4.3 2.7 — 2.7 
Other2.1 — 2.1 1.9 — 1.9 
Subtotal non-margin loans43.6 49.3 92.9 41.1 49.8 90.9 
Margin loans19.9 0.1 20.0 15.4 0.1 15.5 
Total$63.5 $49.4 $112.9 $56.5 $49.9 $106.4 


At June 30, 2021, total lending-related exposure of $112.9 billion increased 6% compared with Dec. 31, 2020, primarily reflecting higher margin loans, overdrafts and wealth management loans and mortgages, partially offset by lower financial institutions exposure.
Our financial institutions and commercial portfolios comprise our largest concentrated risk. These portfolios comprised 51% of our total exposure at June 30, 2021 and 55% at Dec. 31, 2020. Additionally, most of our overdrafts relate to financial institutions.


BNY Mellon 27

Financial institutions

The financial institutions portfolio is shown below.

Financial institutions
portfolio exposure
(dollars in billions)
June 30, 2021Dec. 31, 2020
LoansUnfunded
commitments		Total
exposure		% Inv.
grade		% due
<1 yr.		LoansUnfunded
commitments		Total
exposure
Securities industry$2.4 $20.2 $22.6 97 %99 %$2.3 $21.6 $23.9 
Asset managers1.5 6.9 8.4 98 81 1.4 6.4 7.8 
Banks6.0 1.1 7.1 85 95 6.7 1.1 7.8 
Insurance0.2 3.0 3.2 100 22 0.1 2.8 2.9 
Government0.1 0.2 0.3 100 44 0.1 0.2 0.3 
Other0.5 1.0 1.5 96 44 0.6 0.7 1.3 
Total$10.7 $32.4 $43.1 96 %87 %$11.2 $32.8 $44.0 


The financial institutions portfolio exposure was $43.1 billion at June 30, 2021, a decrease of 2% compared with Dec. 31, 2020, primarily reflecting lower exposure to the securities industry and banks portfolios, partially offset by higher exposure to the asset managers portfolio.

Financial institution exposures are high-quality, with 96% of the exposures meeting the investment grade equivalent criteria of our internal credit rating classification at June 30, 2021. Each customer is assigned an internal credit rating, which is mapped to an equivalent external rating agency grade based upon a number of dimensions, which are continually evaluated and may change over time. For ratings of non-U.S. counterparties, our internal credit rating is generally capped at a rating equivalent to the sovereign rating of the country where the counterparty resides, regardless of the internal credit rating assigned to the counterparty or the underlying collateral.

The exposure to financial institutions is generally short-term, with 87% of the exposures expiring within one year. At June 30, 2021, 16% of the exposure to financial institutions had an expiration within 90 days, compared with 18% at Dec. 31, 2020.


In addition, 71% of the financial institutions exposure is secured. For example, securities industry clients and asset managers often borrow against marketable securities held in custody.

At June 30, 2021, the secured intra-day credit provided to dealers in connection with their tri-party repo activity totaled $17.2 billion and was included in the securities industry portfolio. Dealers secure the outstanding intraday credit with high-quality liquid collateral having a market value in excess of the amount of the outstanding credit.

The asset managers portfolio exposure is high-quality, with 98% of the exposures meeting our investment grade equivalent ratings criteria as of June 30, 2021. These exposures are generally short-term liquidity facilities, with the majority to regulated mutual funds.

Our banks exposure primarily relates to our global trade finance. These exposures are short-term in nature, with 95% due in less than one year. The investment grade percentage of our banks exposure was 85% at both June 30, 2021 and Dec. 31, 2020. Our non-investment grade exposures are primarily trade finance loans in Brazil.

28 BNY Mellon

Commercial

The commercial portfolio is presented below.

Commercial portfolio exposureJune 30, 2021Dec. 31, 2020
(dollars in billions)LoansUnfunded
commitments		Total
exposure		% Inv.
grade		% due
<1 yr.		LoansUnfunded
commitments		Total
exposure
Manufacturing$0.6 $3.9 $4.5 96 %18 %$0.5 $4.1 $4.6 
Energy and utilities0.3 4.0 4.3 89 5 0.3 3.9 4.2 
Services and other0.7 3.5 4.2 95 40 0.6 3.8 4.4 
Media and telecom0.1 0.9 1.0 93 11 — 0.9 0.9 
Total$1.7 $12.3 $14.0 93 %20 %$1.4 $12.7 $14.1 


The commercial portfolio exposure was $14.0 billion at June 30, 2021, a decrease of 1% from Dec. 31, 2020, primarily driven by lower exposure to the services and other portfolio.

We have $676 million of total direct exposure to the oil and gas industry at June 30, 2021, most of which is reflected in the energy and utilities portfolio in the table above. This exposure is to exploration and production, refining and integrated companies and was 65% investment grade at June 30, 2021 and 66% at Dec. 31, 2020.

Our credit strategy is to focus on investment grade clients that are active users of our non-credit services. The following table summarizes the percentage of the financial institutions and commercial portfolio exposures that are investment grade.

Percentage of the portfolios that are investment grade
Quarter ended
June 30, 2021March 31, 2021Dec. 31, 2020Sept. 30, 2020June 30, 2020
Financial institutions96 %96 %95 %95 %95 %
Commercial93 %92 %92 %93 %92 %
Wealth management loans and mortgages

Our wealth management exposure was $18.6 billion at June 30, 2021, compared with $17.5 billion at Dec. 31, 2020. Wealth management loans and mortgages primarily consist of loans to high-net-worth individuals, which are secured by marketable securities and/or residential property. Wealth management mortgages are primarily interest-only, adjustable-rate mortgages with a weighted-average loan-to-value ratio of 62% at origination. Less than 1% of the mortgages were past due at June 30, 2021.

At June 30, 2021, the wealth management mortgage portfolio consisted of the following geographic concentrations: California – 22%; New York – 16%; Massachusetts – 9%; Florida – 9%; and other – 44%.

BNY Mellon 29

Commercial real estate

The composition of the commercial real estate portfolio by asset class, including percentage secured, is presented below.

Composition of commercial real estate portfolio by asset class
June 30, 2021Dec. 31, 2020
Total
exposure
Percentage
secured (a)
Total
exposure
Percentage
secured (a)
(in billions)
Residential$3.4 82 %$3.3 86 %
Office2.6 77 2.8 75 
Retail0.9 57 1.0 52 
Mixed-use0.7 21 0.7 22 
Hotels0.6 20 0.6 20 
Healthcare0.4 22 0.4 25 
Other1.0 11 0.5 23 
Total commercial real estate$9.6 60 %$9.3 64 %
(a)    Represents the amount of secured exposure in each asset class.


Our commercial real estate exposure totaled $9.6 billion at June 30, 2021 and $9.3 billion at Dec. 31, 2020. Our income-producing commercial real estate facilities are focused on experienced owners and are structured with moderate leverage based on existing cash flows. Our commercial real estate lending activities also include construction and renovation facilities. Our client base consists of experienced developers and long-term holders of real estate assets. Loans are approved on the basis of existing or projected cash flows and supported by appraisals and knowledge of local market conditions. Development loans are structured with moderate leverage, and in many instances, involve some level of recourse to the developer.

At June 30, 2021, the unsecured portfolio consisted of real estate investment trusts (“REITs”) and real estate operating companies, which are both primarily investment grade.

At June 30, 2021, our commercial real estate portfolio consisted of the following concentrations: New York metro – 35%; REITs and real estate operating companies – 40%; and other – 25%.

Lease financings

The lease financings portfolio exposure totaled $0.9 billion at June 30, 2021 and $1.0 billion at Dec. 31, 2020. At June 30, 2021, approximately 98% of leasing exposure was investment grade, or investment grade equivalent and consisted of exposures backed by well-diversified assets, primarily real estate and large-ticket transportation equipment. The largest component of our lease residual value exposure is
freight-related rail cars. Assets are both domestic and foreign-based, with primary concentrations in the Germany and the U.S.

Other residential mortgages

The other residential mortgages portfolio primarily consists of 1-4 family residential mortgage loans and totaled $339 million at June 30, 2021 and $389 million at Dec. 31, 2020. Included in this portfolio at June 30, 2021 were $59 million of mortgage loans purchased in 2005, 2006 and the first quarter of 2007.

Overdrafts

Overdrafts primarily relate to custody and securities clearance clients and are generally repaid within two business days.

Other loans

Other loans primarily include loans to consumers that are fully collateralized with equities, mutual funds and fixed-income securities.

Margin loans

Margin loan exposure of $20.0 billion at June 30, 2021 and $15.5 billion at Dec. 31, 2020 was collateralized with marketable securities. Borrowers are required to maintain a daily collateral margin in excess of 100% of the value of the loan. Margin loans included $7.3 billion at June 30, 2021 and $4.6 billion at Dec. 31, 2020 related to a term loan program that offers fully collateralized loans to broker-dealers.
30 BNY Mellon

Allowance for credit losses

Our credit strategy is to focus on investment grade clients who are active users of our non-credit services. Our primary exposure to the credit risk of a customer consists of funded loans, unfunded contractual commitments to lend, standby letters of credit and overdrafts associated with our custody and securities clearance businesses.

The following table details changes in our allowance for credit losses.

Allowance for credit losses activityJune 30, 2021March 31, 2021Dec. 31, 2020June 30, 2020
(dollars in millions)
Beginning balance of allowance for credit losses$419 $501 $486 $329 
Provision for credit losses(86)(83)15 143 
Net recoveries (charge-offs):
Loans:
Financial institutions2 — — — 
Other residential mortgages— 2 — 3 
Wealth management loans and mortgages— (1)— — 
Other financial instruments
— — — — 
Net recoveries2 1 — 3 
Ending balance of allowance for credit losses$335 $419 $501 $475 
Allowance for loan losses$269 $327 $358 $302 
Allowance for lending-related commitments
50 73 121 152 
Allowance for financial instruments (a)
16 19 22 21 
Total allowance for credit losses
$335 $419 $501 $475 
Non-margin loans$43,624 $42,839 $41,053 $42,488 
Margin loans19,923 17,893 15,416 12,909 
Total loans$63,547 $60,732 $56,469 $55,397 
Allowance for loan losses as a percentage of total loans
0.42 %0.54 %0.63 %0.55 %
Allowance for loan losses as a percentage of non-margin loans
0.62 0.76 0.87 0.71 
Allowance for loan losses and lending-related commitments as a percentage of total loans
0.50 0.66 0.85 0.82 
Allowance for loan losses and lending-related commitments as a percentage of non-margin loans
0.73 0.93 1.17 1.07 
(a)    Includes allowance for credit losses on federal funds sold and securities purchased under resale agreements, available-for-sale securities, held-to-maturity securities, accounts receivable, cash and due from banks and interest-bearing deposits with banks.


The provision for credit losses was a benefit of $86 million in the second quarter of 2021, primarily driven by an improved macroeconomic forecast.

We had $19.9 billion of secured margin loans on our balance sheet at June 30, 2021 compared with $15.4 billion at Dec. 31, 2020. We have rarely suffered a loss on these types of loans. As a result, we believe that the ratio of allowance for loan losses and lending-related commitments as a percentage of non-margin loans is a more appropriate metric to measure the adequacy of the reserve.
The allowance for loan losses and allowance for lending-related commitments represent management’s estimate of lifetime expected losses in our credit portfolio. This evaluation process is subject to numerous estimates and judgments. To the extent actual results differ from forecasts or management’s judgment, the allowance for credit losses may be greater or less than future charge-offs.

Based on an evaluation of the allowance for credit losses as discussed in “Critical accounting estimates,” in our 2020 Annual Report, we have allocated our allowance for loans and lending-related commitments as presented below.

BNY Mellon 31

Allocation of allowance for loan losses and lending-related commitments
June 30, 2021March 31, 2021Dec. 31, 2020June 30, 2020
Commercial real estate90 %91 %89 %81 %
Commercial3 2 3 9 
Financial institutions2 2 2 4 
Other residential mortgages3 2 3 3 
Wealth management (a)
1 2 2 2 
Lease financings1 1 1 1 
Total100 %100 %100 %100 %
(a)    Includes the allowance for credit losses on wealth management mortgages.


The allocation of the allowance for credit losses is inherently judgmental, and the entire allowance for credit losses is available to absorb credit losses regardless of the nature of the losses.

Our allowance for credit losses is sensitive to a number of inputs, most notably the credit ratings assigned to each borrower, as well as macroeconomic forecast assumptions that are incorporated in our estimate of credit losses through the expected life of the loan portfolio. Thus, as the macroeconomic environment and related forecasts change, the allowance for credit losses may change materially. The following sensitivity analyses do not represent management’s expectations of the deterioration of our portfolios or the economic environment, but are provided as hypothetical scenarios to assess the sensitivity of the allowance for credit losses to changes in key inputs. If each credit were rated one grade better, the quantitative allowance would have decreased by $84 million, and if each credit were rated one grade worse, the quantitative allowance would have increased by $112 million. Our multi-scenario based macroeconomic forecast used in determining the June 30, 2021 allowance for credit losses consisted of three scenarios. The baseline scenario reflects moderate and flat GDP growth and unemployment recovery but with declining commercial real estate prices that begin to recover later in 2021. The upside scenario reflects faster GDP growth and unemployment recovery and less severe commercial real estate declines than the baseline. The downside scenario contemplates negative GDP growth and increasing unemployment throughout 2021 and steeper declines in commercial real estate prices than the baseline. Consistent with the first quarter of 2021, we placed the most weight on our baseline scenario, with the remaining weighting resulting in slightly more weight placed on
the downside scenario than the upside scenario. From a sensitivity perspective, at June 30, 2021, if we had applied 100% weighting to the downside scenario, the quantitative allowance for credit losses would have been approximately $150 million higher.

Nonperforming assets

The table below presents our nonperforming assets.

Nonperforming assetsJune 30, 2021Dec. 31, 2020
(dollars in millions)
Nonperforming loans:
Other residential mortgages$39 $57 
Wealth management loans and mortgages24 30 
Commercial real estate26 1 
Total nonperforming loans89 88 
Other assets owned1 1 
Total nonperforming assets$90 $89 
Nonperforming assets ratio0.14 %0.16 %
Nonperforming assets ratio, excluding margin loans0.21 0.22 
Allowance for loan losses/nonperforming loans302.2 406.8 
Allowance for loan losses/nonperforming assets298.9 402.2 
Total allowance for credit losses/nonperforming loans358.4 544.3 
Total allowance for credit losses/nonperforming assets354.4 538.2 


Nonperforming assets increased slightly compared with Dec. 31, 2020, reflecting higher commercial real estate loans, offset by lower other residential mortgages and wealth management loans and mortgages.

Lost interest

Interest revenue would have increased by $1 million in the second quarter of 2021, first quarter of 2021, second quarter of 2020, $2 million in the first six months of 2021 and $3 million in the first six months of 2020, if nonperforming loans at period-end had been performing for the entire respective periods.

Loan modifications

Due to the coronavirus pandemic, there have been two forms of relief provided for classifying loans as troubled debt restructurings (“TDRs”): The Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act (the “CARES Act”), the relevant provisions of which were extended by the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2021, and the Interagency Guidance. See Note 1
32 BNY Mellon

of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements of our 2020 Annual Report for additional details on this guidance. Financial institutions may account for eligible loan modifications either under the CARES Act or the Interagency Guidance and we have elected to apply both, as applicable, in providing borrowers with loan modification relief in response to the coronavirus pandemic. We modified loans of $3 million in the second quarter of 2021, $282 million in the second quarter of 2020 and $6 million in the first quarter of 2021. Nearly all of the modifications were short-term loan payment forbearances or modified principal and/or interest payments. These loans were primarily residential mortgage and commercial real estate loans. We did not identify any of the modifications as TDRs. At June 30, 2021, the unpaid principal balance of the loans modified under the CARES Act or Interagency Guidance was $77 million.

Deposits

Total deposits were $338.7 billion at June 30, 2021, a decrease of 1%, compared with $341.5 billion at Dec. 31, 2020. The decrease reflects lower interest-bearing deposits in both non-U.S. and U.S. offices, partially offset by higher noninterest-bearing deposits (principally U.S. offices).

Noninterest-bearing deposits were $94.1 billion at June 30, 2021 compared with $83.8 billion at Dec. 31, 2020. Interest-bearing deposits were $244.6 billion at June 30, 2021, compared with $257.7 billion at Dec. 31, 2020.

Short-term borrowings

We fund ourselves primarily through deposits and, to a lesser extent, other short-term borrowings and long-term debt. Short-term borrowings consist of federal funds purchased and securities sold under repurchase agreements, payables to customers and broker-dealers, commercial paper and other borrowed funds. Certain short-term borrowings, for example, securities sold under repurchase agreements, require the delivery of securities as collateral.

Information related to federal funds purchased and securities sold under repurchase agreements is presented below.

Federal funds purchased and securities sold under
repurchase agreements
Quarter ended
(dollars in millions)June 30, 2021March 31, 2021June 30, 2020
Maximum month-end balance during the quarter
$14,071 $15,863 $14,512 
Average daily balance (a)
$13,773 $15,288 $14,209 
Weighted-average rate during the quarter (a)
(0.17)%(0.07)%0.03 %
Ending balance (b)
$12,425 $15,150 $14,512 
Weighted-average rate at period end (b)
(0.25)%(0.12)%0.00 %
(a)    Includes the average impact of offsetting under enforceable netting agreements of $41,173 million in the second quarter of 2021, $37,377 million in the first quarter of 2021 and $66,606 million in the second quarter of 2020. On a Non-GAAP basis, excluding the impact of offsetting, the weighted-average rates would have been (0.04)% for the second quarter of 2021, (0.02)% for the first quarter of 2021 and 0.00% for the second quarter of 2020. We believe providing the rates excluding the impact of netting is useful to investors as it is more reflective of the actual rates paid.
(b)    Includes the impact of offsetting under enforceable netting agreements of $41,122 million at June 30, 2021, $33,544 million at March 31, 2021 and $48,615 million at June 30, 2020.


Fluctuations of federal funds purchased and securities sold under repurchase agreements reflect changes in overnight borrowing opportunities. The decrease of the weighted-average rates compared with June 30, 2020 primarily reflects lower interest rates and repurchase agreement activity with the Fixed Income Clearing Corporation (the “FICC”), where we record interest expense gross, but the ending and average balances reflect the impact of offsetting under enforceable netting agreements. This activity primarily relates to government securities collateralized resale and repurchase agreements executed with clients that are novated to and settle with the FICC.

BNY Mellon 33

Information related to payables to customers and broker-dealers is presented below.

Payables to customers and broker-dealers
Quarter ended
(dollars in millions)June 30, 2021March 31, 2021June 30, 2020
Maximum month-end balance during the quarter
$23,704 $25,124 $25,012 
Average daily balance (a)
$23,760 $24,772 $23,944 
Weighted-average rate during the quarter (a)
(0.01)%(0.01)%(0.01)%
Ending balance $23,704 $23,827 $25,012 
Weighted-average rate at period end
(0.01)%(0.01)%(0.01)%
(a)    The weighted-average rate is calculated based on, and is applied to, the average interest-bearing payables to customers and broker-dealers, which were $16,811 million in the second quarter of 2021, $17,691 million in the first quarter of 2021 and $18,742 million in the second quarter of 2020.


Payables to customers and broker-dealers represent funds awaiting reinvestment and short sale proceeds payable on demand. Payables to customers and broker-dealers are driven by customer trading activity and market volatility.

Information related to commercial paper is presented below.

Commercial paperQuarter ended
(dollars in millions)June 30, 2021March 31, 2021June 30, 2020
Maximum month-end balance during the quarter
$— $— $665 
Average daily balance$— $— $191 
Weighted-average rate during the quarter
— %— %1.02 %
Ending balance $— $— $665 
Weighted-average rate at period end
— %— %0.02 %


The Bank of New York Mellon is authorized to issue commercial paper that matures within 397 days from the date of issue and is not redeemable prior to maturity or subject to voluntary prepayment. The decrease in the commercial paper compared with June 30, 2020 primarily reflects the continuation of elevated deposit levels.

Information related to other borrowed funds is presented below.

Other borrowed fundsQuarter ended
(dollars in millions)June 30, 2021March 31, 2021June 30, 2020
Maximum month-end balance during the quarter
$451 $348 $2,451 
Average daily balance$298 $331 $2,272 
Weighted-average rate during the quarter
2.21 %2.01 %1.30 %
Ending balance$451 $348 $1,628 
Weighted-average rate at period end
2.51 %2.05 %1.37 %


Other borrowed funds primarily include overdrafts of sub-custodian account balances in our Investment Services businesses, finance lease liabilities and borrowings under lines of credit by our Pershing subsidiaries. Borrowings from the Federal Reserve Bank of Boston under the Money Market Mutual Fund Liquidity Facility (the “MMLF”) program are also included in other borrowed funds at June 30, 2020. Overdrafts typically relate to timing differences for settlements. The decrease in other borrowed funds compared with June 30, 2020 reflects a decline in borrowings from the Federal Reserve Bank of Boston under the MMLF program. The increase in other borrowed funds compared with March 31, 2021 reflects higher overdrafts of sub-custodian account balances in our Investment Services businesses.

Liquidity and dividends

BNY Mellon defines liquidity as the ability of the Parent and its subsidiaries to access funding or convert assets to cash quickly and efficiently, or to roll over or issue new debt, especially during periods of market stress, at a reasonable cost, and in order to meet its short-term (up to one year) obligations. Funding liquidity risk is the risk that BNY Mellon cannot meet its cash and collateral obligations at a reasonable cost for both expected and unexpected cash flow and collateral needs without adversely affecting daily operations or our financial condition. Funding liquidity risk can arise from funding mismatches, market constraints from the inability to convert assets into cash, the inability to hold or raise cash, low overnight deposits, deposit run-off or contingent liquidity events.

Changes in economic conditions or exposure to credit, market, operational, legal and reputational
34 BNY Mellon

risks also can affect BNY Mellon’s liquidity risk profile and are considered in our liquidity risk framework. For additional information, see “Risk Management – Liquidity Risk” in our 2020 Annual Report.

The Parent’s policy is to have access to sufficient unencumbered cash and cash equivalents at each quarter-end to cover maturities and other forecasted debt redemptions, net interest payments and net tax payments for the following 18-month period, and to provide sufficient collateral to satisfy transactions subject to Section 23A of the Federal Reserve Act. As of June 30, 2021, the Parent was in compliance with this policy.

We monitor and control liquidity exposures and funding needs within and across significant legal entities, branches, currencies and business lines, taking into account, among other factors, any
applicable restrictions on the transfer of liquidity among entities.

BNY Mellon also manages potential intraday liquidity risks. We monitor and manage intraday liquidity against existing and expected intraday liquid resources (such as cash balances, remaining intraday credit capacity, intraday contingency funding and available collateral) to enable BNY Mellon to meet its intraday obligations under normal and reasonably severe stressed conditions.

We define available funds for internal liquidity management purposes as cash and due from banks, interest-bearing deposits with the Federal Reserve and other central banks, interest-bearing deposits with banks and federal funds sold and securities purchased under resale agreements. The following table presents our total available funds at period end and on an average basis.

Available fundsJune 30, 2021Dec. 31, 2020Average
(dollars in millions)2Q211Q212Q20YTD21YTD20
Cash and due from banks$5,154 $6,252 $5,938 $5,720 $4,102 $5,830 $4,348 
Interest-bearing deposits with the Federal Reserve and other central banks126,355 141,775 114,564 125,930 94,229 120,216 87,316 
Interest-bearing deposits with banks21,270 17,300 22,465 21,313 21,093 21,892 19,087 
Federal funds sold and securities purchased under resale agreements29,762 30,907 27,857 29,186 30,265 28,518 32,187 
Total available funds$182,541 $196,234 $170,824 $182,149 $149,689 $176,456 $142,938 
Total available funds as a percentage of total assets39 %42 %38 %40 %36 %39 %36 %


Total available funds were $182.5 billion at June 30, 2021, compared with $196.2 billion at Dec. 31, 2020. The decrease was primarily due to lower interest-bearing deposits with the Federal Reserve and other central banks, partially offset by higher interest-bearing deposits with banks.

Average non-core sources of funds, such as federal funds purchased and securities sold under repurchase agreements, trading liabilities, other borrowed funds and commercial paper were $17.1 billion for the first six months of 2021 and $18.2 billion the first six months of 2020. The decrease primarily reflects lower other borrowed funds and commercial paper, partially offset by higher federal funds purchased and securities sold under repurchase agreements and trading liabilities.

Average foreign deposits, primarily from our European-based Investment Services business, were $114.5 billion for the first six months of 2021,
compared with $103.1 billion for the first six months of 2020. Average interest-bearing domestic deposits were $127.7 billion for the first six months of 2021 and $101.0 billion for the first six months of 2020. The increase primarily reflects increased client activity.

Average payables to customers and broker-dealers were $17.2 billion for the first six months of 2021 and $17.6 billion for the first six months of 2020. Payables to customers and broker-dealers are driven by customer trading activity and market volatility.

Average long-term debt was $25.7 billion for the first six months of 2021 and $27.7 billion for the first six months of 2020.

Average noninterest-bearing deposits increased to $84.6 billion for the first six months of 2021 from $66.5 billion for the first six months of 2020, primarily reflecting client activity.
BNY Mellon 35

A significant reduction in our Investment Services business would reduce our access to deposits. See “Asset/liability management” for additional factors that could impact our deposit balances.

Sources of liquidity

The Parent’s major sources of liquidity are access to the debt and equity markets, dividends from its
subsidiaries, and cash on hand and cash otherwise made available in business-as-usual circumstances to the Parent through a committed credit facility with our intermediate holding company (“IHC”).

Our ability to access the capital markets on favorable terms, or at all, is partially dependent on our credit ratings, which are as follows:


Credit ratings at June 30, 2021
  Moody’sS&PFitchDBRS
Parent: 
Long-term senior debtA1AAA-AA
Subordinated debtA2A-AAA (low)
Preferred stockBaa1BBBBBB+A
Outlook – ParentStableStableStableStable
The Bank of New York Mellon:
Long-term senior debtAa2AA-AAAA (high)
Subordinated debtNRANRNR
Long-term depositsAa1AA-AA+AA (high)
Short-term depositsP1A-1+F1+R-1 (high)
Commercial paperP1A-1+F1+R-1 (high)
BNY Mellon, N.A.:
Long-term senior debtAa2(a)AA-
AA 
(a)AA (high)
Long-term depositsAa1AA-AA+AA (high)
Short-term depositsP1A-1+F1+R-1 (high)
Outlook – BanksStableStableStableStable
(a)    Represents senior debt issuer default rating.
NR – Not rated.


Long-term debt totaled $25.6 billion at June 30, 2021 and $26.0 billion at Dec. 31, 2020. Redemptions of $2.3 billion, a maturity of $500 million and a decrease in the fair value of hedged long-term debt were partially offset by issuances of $2.7 billion. The Parent has $1.5 billion of long-term debt that will mature in the remainder of 2021.

In July 2021, the Parent issued $500 million of fixed rate senior notes maturing in 2026 at an annual interest rate of 1.05% and $500 million of fixed rate senior notes maturing in 2031 at an annual interest rate of 1.80%.

The Bank of New York Mellon may issue notes and CDs. At June 30, 2021 and Dec. 31, 2020, $30 million of notes were outstanding. There were no CDs outstanding at June 30, 2021 and $100 million was outstanding at Dec. 31, 2020.

The Bank of New York Mellon also issues commercial paper that matures within 397 days from the date of issue and is not redeemable prior to maturity or subject to voluntary prepayment. There was no commercial paper outstanding at June 30, 2021 and Dec. 31, 2020. The average commercial paper outstanding was $886 million for the first six months of 2020.

Subsequent to June 30, 2021, our U.S. bank subsidiaries could declare dividends to the Parent of approximately $1.6 billion, without the need for a regulatory waiver. In addition, at June 30, 2021, non-bank subsidiaries of the Parent had liquid assets of approximately $3.3 billion. Restrictions on our ability to obtain funds from our subsidiaries are discussed in more detail in “Supervision and Regulation – Capital Planning and Stress Testing – Payment of Dividends, Stock Repurchases and Other Capital Distributions” and in Note 19 of the Notes to
36 BNY Mellon

Consolidated Financial Statements, both in our 2020 Annual Report.

Pershing LLC has uncommitted lines of credit in place for liquidity purposes which are guaranteed by the Parent. Pershing LLC has two separate uncommitted lines of credit amounting to $350 million in aggregate. There were no borrowings under these lines in the second quarter of 2021. Pershing Limited, an indirect UK-based subsidiary of BNY Mellon, has two separate uncommitted lines of credit amounting to $269 million in aggregate. Average borrowings under these lines were $14 million, in aggregate, in the second quarter of 2021.

The double leverage ratio is the ratio of our equity investment in subsidiaries divided by our consolidated Parent company equity, which includes our noncumulative perpetual preferred stock. In short, the double leverage ratio measures the extent to which equity in subsidiaries is financed by Parent company debt. As the double leverage ratio increases, this can reflect greater demands on a company’s cash flows in order to service interest payments and debt maturities. BNY Mellon’s double leverage ratio is managed in a range considering the high level of unencumbered available liquid assets held in its principal subsidiaries (such as central bank deposit placements and government securities), the Company’s cash generating fee-based business model, with fee revenue representing 81% of total revenue in the second quarter of 2021, and the dividend capacity of our banking subsidiaries. Our double leverage ratio was 114.4% at June 30, 2021 and 114.3% at Dec. 31, 2020, and within the range targeted by management.

Uses of funds

The Parent’s major uses of funds are repurchases of common stock, payment of dividends, principal and interest payments on its borrowings, acquisitions and additional investments in its subsidiaries.

In May 2021, a quarterly dividend of $0.31 per common share was paid to common shareholders. Our common stock dividend payout ratio was 27% for the second quarter of 2021.

In July 2021, our Board of Directors approved a 10% increase in the quarterly cash dividend on common stock, from $0.31 to $0.34 per share. This increased quarterly cash dividend will be paid on Aug. 9, 2021.
In the second quarter of 2021, we repurchased 12.8 million common shares at an average price of $48.17 per common share, for a total cost of $618 million.

In June 2021, our Board of Directors approved the repurchase of up to $6.0 billion of common stock starting in the third quarter of 2021 and continuing through the fourth quarter of 2022.

See “Recent regulatory developments” for additional information on the 2021 CCAR. Also see “Supervision and Regulation – Capital Planning and Stress Testing – Payment of Dividends, Stock Repurchases and Other Capital Distributions” in our 2020 Annual Report for additional information related to the 2020 CCAR.

Liquidity coverage ratio (“LCR”)

U.S. regulators have established an LCR that requires certain banking organizations, including BNY Mellon, to maintain a minimum amount of unencumbered high-quality liquid assets (“HQLA”) sufficient to withstand the net cash outflow under a hypothetical standardized acute liquidity stress scenario for a 30-day time horizon.

The following table presents BNY Mellon’s consolidated HQLA at June 30, 2021, and the average HQLA and average LCR for the second quarter of 2021.

Consolidated HQLA and LCRJune 30, 2021
(dollars in billions)
Securities (a)
$121 
Cash (b)
126 
Total consolidated HQLA (c)
$247 
Total consolidated HQLA – average (c)
$236 
Average LCR110 %
(a)    Primarily includes securities of U.S. government-sponsored enterprises, U.S. Treasury, sovereign securities, U.S. agency and investment-grade corporate debt.
(b)    Primarily includes cash on deposit with central banks.
(c)    Consolidated HQLA presented before adjustments. After haircuts and the impact of trapped liquidity, consolidated HQLA totaled $170 billion at June 30, 2021 and averaged $160 billion for the second quarter of 2021.


BNY Mellon and each of our affected domestic bank subsidiaries were compliant with the U.S. LCR requirements of at least 100% throughout the second quarter of 2021.

BNY Mellon 37

Statement of cash flows

The following summarizes the activity reflected on the consolidated statement of cash flows. While this information may be helpful to highlight certain macro trends and business strategies, the cash flow analysis may not be as relevant when analyzing changes in our net earnings and net assets. We believe that in addition to the traditional cash flow analysis, the discussion related to liquidity and dividends and asset/liability management herein may provide more useful context in evaluating our liquidity position and related activity.

Net cash used for operating activities was $345 million in the six months ended June 30, 2021, compared with net cash provided by operations of $5.1 billion in the six months ended June 30, 2020. In the six months ended June 30, 2021 cash flows used for operations primarily resulted from changes in accruals, partially offset by earnings. In the six months ended June 30, 2020, cash flows provided by operations primarily resulted from earnings and changes in accruals.

Net cash provided by investing activities was $3.9 billion in the six months ended June 30, 2021, compared with net cash used for investing activities of $58.7 billion in the six months ended June 30,
2020. In the six months ended June 30, 2021, net cash provided by investing activities primarily reflects change in interest-bearing deposits with the Federal Reserve and other central banks, partially offset by net changes in loans and changes in interest-bearing deposits with banks. In the six months ended June 30, 2020, net cash used for investing activities primarily reflects net changes in securities, change in interest-bearing deposits with the Federal Reserve and other central banks and changes in federal funds sold and securities purchased under resale agreements.

Net cash used for financing activities was $3.5 billion in the six months ended June 30, 2021, compared with net cash provided by financing activities of $53.4 billion in the six months ended June 30, 2020. In the six months ended June 30, 2021, net cash used for financing activities primarily reflects repayments of long-term debt, changes in deposits, changes in payables to customers and broker-dealers and treasury stock acquired, partially offset by net proceeds from the issuance of long-term debt and change in federal funds purchased and securities sold under repurchase agreements. In the six months ended June 30, 2020, net cash provided by financing activities primarily reflects changes in deposits and payables to customers and broker-dealers, partially offset by changes in commercial paper.


Capital

Capital dataJune 30, 2021March 31, 2021Dec. 31, 2020
(dollars in millions, except per share amounts; common shares in thousands)
Average common equity to average assets8.9 %8.8 %9.3 %
At period end:
BNY Mellon shareholders’ equity to total assets ratio9.7 %9.7 %9.8 %
BNY Mellon common shareholders’ equity to total assets ratio8.7 %8.7 %8.8 %
Total BNY Mellon shareholders’ equity$45,281 $44,954 $45,801 
Total BNY Mellon common shareholders’ equity$40,740 $40,413 $41,260 
BNY Mellon tangible common shareholders’ equity – Non-GAAP (a)
$22,127 $21,779 $22,563 
Book value per common share$47.20 $46.16 $46.53 
Tangible book value per common share – Non-GAAP (a)
$25.64 $24.88 $25.44 
Closing stock price per common share$51.23 $47.29 $42.44 
Market capitalization$44,220 $41,401 $37,634 
Common shares outstanding863,174 875,481 886,764 
Cash dividends per common share$0.31 $0.31 $0.31 
Common dividend payout ratio27 %32 %39 %
Common dividend yield2.4 %2.7 %2.9 %
(a)    See “Supplemental information – Explanation of GAAP and Non-GAAP financial measures” beginning on page 47 for a reconciliation of GAAP to Non-GAAP.


38 BNY Mellon

The Bank of New York Mellon Corporation total shareholders’ equity decreased to $45.3 billion at June 30, 2021 from $45.8 billion at Dec. 31, 2020. The decrease primarily reflects common stock repurchases, dividend payments and unrealized losses on securities available-for-sale, partially offset by earnings.

The unrealized gain (after-tax) on our available-for-sale securities portfolio, net of hedges, included in accumulated other comprehensive income was $854 million at June 30, 2021, compared with $1.5 billion at Dec. 31, 2020. The decrease in the unrealized gain, net of tax, was primarily driven by higher market interest rates.

In the first six months of 2021, we repurchased 29.6 million common shares at an average price of $44.49 per common share for a total of $1.3 billion under the share repurchase program that was in place through the second quarter of 2021.

In December 2020, the Federal Reserve released the results of the second round of CCAR stress tests during 2020 and extended the restriction on common stock dividends and open market common stock repurchases applicable to participating CCAR BHCs, including us, to the first quarter of 2021, with certain modifications. In March 2021, the Federal Reserve extended these restrictions through the second quarter of 2021. The temporary restrictions on dividends and share repurchases ended for BNY Mellon after June 30, 2021. Starting in the third quarter of 2021, BNY Mellon will continue to be subject to the normal constraints under the stress capital buffer (“SCB”) framework.

In June 2021, the Federal Reserve released the results of its stress tests for 2021. Our Board of Directors subsequently authorized the repurchase of up to $6.0 billion of common shares over the six quarters
beginning in the third quarter of 2021 and continuing through the fourth quarter of 2022. This new share repurchase plan replaces all previously authorized share repurchase plans. See “Recent regulatory developments” for additional information on the 2021 CCAR results.

Capital adequacy

Regulators establish certain levels of capital for BHCs and banks, including BNY Mellon and our bank subsidiaries, in accordance with established quantitative measurements. For the Parent to maintain its status as a financial holding company (“FHC”), our U.S. bank subsidiaries and BNY Mellon must, among other things, qualify as “well capitalized.” As of June 30, 2021 and Dec. 31, 2020, BNY Mellon and our U.S. bank subsidiaries were “well capitalized.” Failure to satisfy regulatory standards, including “well capitalized” status or capital adequacy rules more generally, could result in limitations on our activities and adversely affect our financial condition. See the discussion of these matters in “Supervision and Regulation – Regulated Entities of BNY Mellon and Ancillary Regulatory Requirements” and “Risk Factors – Operational Risk – Failure to satisfy regulatory standards, including “well capitalized” and “well managed” status or capital adequacy and liquidity rules more generally, could result in limitations on our activities and adversely affect our business and financial condition,” both of which are in our 2020 Annual Report.

The U.S. banking agencies’ capital rules are based on the framework adopted by the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision (“BCBS”), as amended from time to time. For additional information on these capital requirements, see “Supervision and Regulation” in our 2020 Annual Report.



BNY Mellon 39

The table below presents our consolidated and largest bank subsidiary regulatory capital ratios.

Consolidated and largest bank subsidiary regulatory capital ratios
June 30, 2021March 31, 2021Dec. 31, 2020
Well capitalizedMinimum requiredCapital
ratios		Capital
ratios		Capital
ratios
(a)
Consolidated regulatory capital ratios: (b)
Advanced Approaches:
CET1 ratioN/A(c)8.5 %12.7 %12.6 %13.1 %
Tier 1 capital ratio 6 %10 15.3 15.3 15.8 
Total capital ratio 10 12 16.0 16.1 16.7 
Standardized Approach:
CET1 ratioN/A(c)8.5 %12.6 %12.6 %13.4 %
Tier 1 capital ratio 6 %10 15.2 15.2 16.1 
Total capital ratio 10 12 16.2 16.2 17.1 
Tier 1 leverage ratioN/A(c)4 6.0 5.8 6.3 
SLR (d)(e)
N/A(c)5 7.5 8.1 8.6 
The Bank of New York Mellon regulatory capital ratios: (b)
Advanced Approaches:
CET1 ratio6.5 %7 %16.7 %16.8 %17.1 %
Tier 1 capital ratio8 8.5 16.7 16.8 17.1 
Total capital ratio10 10.5 16.8 17.0 17.3 
Tier 1 leverage ratio5 4 6.1 6.1 6.4 
SLR (d)
6 3 8.0 8.2 8.5 
(a)    Minimum requirements for June 30, 2021 include minimum thresholds plus currently applicable buffers. The U.S. global systemically important banks (“G-SIB”) surcharge of 1.5% is subject to change. The countercyclical capital buffer is currently set to 0%. The stress capital buffer (“SCB”) requirement is 2.5%, equal to the regulatory minimum for Standardized Approach capital ratios.
(b)    For our CET1, Tier 1 capital and Total capital ratios, our effective capital ratios under U.S. capital rules are the lower of the ratios as calculated under the Standardized and Advanced Approaches. The Tier 1 leverage ratio is based on Tier 1 capital and quarterly average total assets.
(c)    The Federal Reserve’s regulations do not establish well capitalized thresholds for these measures for BHCs.
(d)    The SLR is based on Tier 1 capital and total leverage exposure, which includes certain off-balance sheet exposures.
(e)     The consolidated SLR at March 31, 2021 and Dec. 31, 2020 reflects the temporary exclusion of U.S. Treasury securities from total leverage exposure which increased our consolidated SLR by 68 basis points and 72 basis points, respectively. The temporary exclusion ceased to apply beginning April 1, 2021.


Our CET1 ratio under the Standardized Approach was 12.6% at June 30, 2021 and was 13.1% at Dec. 31, 2020 under the Advanced Approaches. The decrease was primarily driven by common stock repurchases, unrealized losses on securities available-for-sale, dividend payments and an increase in RWAs, partially offset by capital generated through earnings.

Capital ratios vary depending on the size of the balance sheet at period-end and the levels and types of investments in assets. The balance sheet size fluctuates from period to period based on levels of customer and market activity. In general, when servicing clients are more actively trading securities, deposit balances and the balance sheet as a whole are higher. In addition, when markets experience significant volatility or stress, our balance sheet size may increase considerably as client deposit levels increase.
Our capital ratios are necessarily subject to, among other things, anticipated compliance with all necessary enhancements to model calibration, approval by regulators of certain models used as part of RWA calculations, other refinements, further implementation guidance from regulators, market practices and standards and any changes BNY Mellon may make to its businesses. As a consequence of these factors, our capital ratios may materially change, and may be volatile over time and from period to period.

Under the Advanced Approaches, our operational loss risk model is informed by external losses, including fines and penalties levied against institutions in the financial services industry, particularly those that relate to businesses in which we operate, and as a result external losses have impacted and could in the future impact the amount of capital that we are required to hold.

40 BNY Mellon

The following table presents our capital components and RWAs.

Capital components and risk-weighted assets
June 30, 2021March 31, 2021Dec. 31, 2020
(in millions)
CET1:
Common shareholders’ equity$40,740 $40,413 $41,260 
Adjustments for:
Goodwill and intangible assets (a)
(18,613)(18,634)(18,697)
Net pension fund assets(308)(321)(319)
Equity method investments(305)(307)(306)
Deferred tax assets(55)(53)(54)
Other(3)(8)(9)
Total CET121,456 21,090 21,875 
Other Tier 1 capital:
Preferred stock4,541 4,541 4,541 
Other(101)(97)(106)
Total Tier 1 capital$25,896 $25,534 $26,310 
Tier 2 capital:
Subordinated debt$1,248 $1,248 $1,248 
Allowance for credit losses326 409 490 
Other(6)(1)(10)
Total Tier 2 capital – Standardized Approach1,568 1,656 1,728 
Excess of expected credit losses45 127 247 
Less: Allowance for credit losses326 409 490 
Total Tier 2 capital – Advanced Approaches$1,287 $1,374 $1,485 
Total capital:
Standardized Approach$27,464 $27,190 $28,038 
Advanced Approaches$27,183 $26,908 $27,795 
Risk-weighted assets:
Standardized Approach$169,885 $167,510 $163,848 
Advanced Approaches:
Credit Risk$101,282 $99,398 $98,262 
Market Risk3,010 3,599 4,226 
Operational Risk65,088 64,038 63,938 
Total Advanced Approaches$169,380 $167,035 $166,426 
Average assets for Tier 1 leverage ratio$432,954 $440,968 $417,982 
Total leverage exposure for SLR$346,455 $314,334 $304,823 
(a)    Reduced by deferred tax liabilities associated with intangible assets and tax-deductible goodwill.
The table below presents the factors that impacted CET1 capital.

CET1 generation2Q21
(in millions)
CET1 – Beginning of period$21,090 
Net income applicable to common shareholders of The Bank of New York Mellon Corporation991 
Goodwill and intangible assets, net of related deferred tax liabilities21 
Gross CET1 generated1,012 
Capital deployed:
Common stock dividends (a)
(273)
Common stock repurchases(618)
Total capital deployed(891)
Other comprehensive income:
Unrealized gain on assets available-for-sale76 
Foreign currency translation51 
Unrealized loss on cash flow hedges(3)
Defined benefit plans25 
Total other comprehensive income149 
Additional paid-in capital (b)
78 
Other additions (deductions):
Net pension fund assets13 
Embedded goodwill2 
Deferred tax assets(2)
Other5 
Total other additions18 
Net CET1 generated366 
CET1 – End of period$21,456 
(a)    Includes dividend-equivalents on share-based awards.
(b)    Primarily related to stock awards, the exercise of stock options and stock issued for employee benefit plans.


The following table shows the impact on the consolidated capital ratios at June 30, 2021 of a $100 million increase or decrease in common equity, or a $1 billion increase or decrease in RWAs, quarterly average assets or total leverage exposure.

Sensitivity of consolidated capital ratios at June 30, 2021
 Increase or decrease of
(in basis points)$100 million
in common 
equity		$1 billion in RWA, quarterly average assets or total leverage exposure
CET1:
Standardized Approach
6bps7bps
Advanced Approaches
68
Tier 1 capital:
Standardized Approach
69
Advanced Approaches
69
Total capital:
Standardized Approach
610
Advanced Approaches
610
Tier 1 leverage21
SLR
32
BNY Mellon 41

From April 1, 2020 through March 31, 2021, BHCs were permitted to temporarily exclude U.S. Treasury securities from total leverage exposure used in the SLR calculation. This temporary exclusion increased our consolidated SLR by 68 basis points at March 31, 2021 and 72 basis points at Dec. 31, 2020. The temporary exclusion also impacted the TLAC and LTD calculations. BNY Mellon and The Bank of New York Mellon, as custody banks, will continue to be able to exclude certain central bank placements from the total leverage exposure used in the SLR calculation, consistent with the amendments to the SLR finalized by the U.S. banking agencies in 2019 pursuant to the Economic Growth, Regulatory Relief, and Consumer Protection Act.

Stress capital buffer

In August 2020, the Federal Reserve announced that BNY Mellon’s SCB requirement would be 2.5%, equal to the regulatory floor, effective as of Oct. 1, 2020. The SCB replaces the current 2.5% capital conservation buffer for Standardized Approach capital ratios for CCAR BHCs. The SCB does not apply to bank subsidiaries, which remain subject to the static 2.5% capital conservation buffer. See “Recent regulatory developments” for additional information on the SCB.

The SCB final rule generally eliminates the requirement for prior approval of common stock repurchases in excess of the distributions in a firm’s capital plan, provided that such distributions are consistent with applicable capital requirements and buffers, including the SCB. In conjunction with the release of the 2020 CCAR results, the Federal Reserve imposed restrictions on capital distributions as described earlier in “Capital.”

Total Loss-Absorbing Capacity (“TLAC”)

The final TLAC rule establishing external TLAC, external long-term debt (“LTD”) and related requirements for U.S. G-SIBs, including BNY Mellon, at the top-tier holding company level became effective on Jan. 1, 2019. The following summarizes the minimum requirements for BNY Mellon’s external TLAC and external LTD ratios, plus currently applicable buffers.
As a % of RWAs (a)
As a % of total leverage exposure
Eligible external TLAC ratios
Regulatory minimum of 18% plus a buffer (b) equal to the sum of 2.5%, the method 1 G-SIB surcharge (currently 1%), and the countercyclical capital buffer, if any
Regulatory minimum of 7.5% plus a buffer (c) equal to 2%
Eligible external LTD ratiosRegulatory minimum of 6% plus the greater of the method 1 or method 2 G-SIB surcharge (currently 1.5%)4.5%
(a)    RWA is the greater of Standardized and Advanced Approaches.
(b)    Buffer to be met using only CET1.
(c)    Buffer to be met using only Tier 1 capital.


External TLAC consists of the Parent’s Tier 1 capital and eligible unsecured LTD issued by it that has a remaining term to maturity of at least one year and satisfies certain other conditions. Eligible LTD consists of the unpaid principal balance of eligible unsecured debt securities, subject to haircuts for amounts due to be paid within two years, that satisfy certain other conditions. Debt issued prior to Dec. 31, 2016 has been permanently grandfathered to the extent these instruments otherwise would be ineligible only due to containing impermissible acceleration rights or being governed by foreign law.

The following table presents our external TLAC and external LTD ratios.

TLAC and LTD ratiosJune 30, 2021
Minimum
required		Minimum ratios
with buffers
Ratios
Eligible external TLAC:
As a percentage of RWA
18.0 %21.5 %28.2 %
As a percentage of total leverage exposure
7.5 %9.5 %13.8 %
Eligible external LTD:
As a percentage of RWA7.5 %N/A11.6 %
As a percentage of total leverage exposure
4.5 %N/A5.7 %
N/A – Not applicable.


If BNY Mellon maintains risk-based ratio or leverage TLAC measures above the minimum required level, but with a risk-based ratio or leverage below the minimum level with buffers, we will face constraints on dividends, equity repurchases and discretionary executive compensation based on the amount of the shortfall and eligible retained income.
42 BNY Mellon

Trading activities and risk management

Our trading activities are focused on acting as a market-maker for our customers, facilitating customer trades and risk-mitigating hedging in compliance with the Volcker Rule. The risk from market-making activities for customers is managed by our traders and limited in total exposure through a system of position limits, value-at-risk (“VaR”) methodology and other market sensitivity measures. VaR is the potential loss in value due to adverse market movements over a defined time horizon with a specified confidence level. The calculation of our VaR used by management and presented below assumes a one-day holding period, utilizes a 99% confidence level and incorporates non-linear product characteristics. VaR facilitates comparisons across portfolios of different risk characteristics. VaR also captures the diversification of aggregated risk at the firm-wide level.

VaR represents a key risk management measure and it is important to note the inherent limitations to VaR, which include:
•VaR does not estimate potential losses over longer time horizons where moves may be extreme;
•VaR does not take account of potential variability of market liquidity; and
•Previous moves in market risk factors may not produce accurate predictions of all future market moves.

See Note 16 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information on the VaR methodology.

The following tables indicate the calculated VaR amounts for the trading portfolio for the designated periods using the historical simulation VaR model.

VaR (a)
2Q21June 30, 2021
(in millions)AverageMinimumMaximum
Interest rate$2.2 $1.6 $2.7 $1.9 
Foreign exchange2.6 1.9 3.7 2.3 
Equity0.1 — 0.3 0.2 
Credit1.8 1.4 2.6 2.0 
Diversification(3.7)N/MN/M(3.5)
Overall portfolio3.0 2.5 4.5 2.9 
VaR (a)
1Q21March 31, 2021
(in millions)AverageMinimumMaximum
Interest rate$2.1 $1.6 $2.7 $2.5 
Foreign exchange2.7 2.2 3.9 3.0 
Equity0.1 0.1 0.9 0.1 
Credit1.8 1.3 2.8 2.2 
Diversification(3.5)N/MN/M(4.3)
Overall portfolio3.2 2.5 4.9 3.5 


VaR (a)
2Q20June 30, 2020
(in millions)AverageMinimumMaximum
Interest rate$3.0 $2.1 $4.9 $2.2 
Foreign exchange3.4 2.2 5.9 2.4 
Equity0.5 0.4 1.4 0.4 
Credit3.5 1.8 10.2 2.8 
Diversification(5.7)N/MN/M(4.0)
Overall portfolio4.7 3.1 11.4 3.8 


VaR (a)
YTD21
(in millions)AverageMinimumMaximum
Interest rate$2.1 $1.6 $2.7 
Foreign exchange2.7 1.9 3.9 
Equity0.1 — 0.9 
Credit1.8 1.3 2.8 
Diversification(3.6)N/MN/M
Overall portfolio3.1 2.5 4.9 


VaR (a)
YTD20
(in millions)AverageMinimumMaximum
Interest rate$4.0 $2.1 $11.3 
Foreign exchange3.2 1.7 6.3 
Equity0.9 0.4 2.3 
Credit3.5 1.2 12.1 
Diversification(6.1)N/MN/M
Overall portfolio5.5 3.1 14.3 
(a)    VaR exposure does not include the impact of the Company’s consolidated investment management funds and seed capital investments.
N/M – Because the minimum and maximum may occur on different days for different risk components, it is not meaningful to compute a minimum and maximum portfolio diversification effect.


The interest rate component of VaR represents instruments whose values are predominantly driven by interest rate levels. These instruments include, but are not limited to, U.S. Treasury securities, swaps, swaptions, forward rate agreements, exchange-traded futures and options, and other interest rate derivative products.


BNY Mellon 43

The foreign exchange component of VaR represents instruments whose values predominantly vary with the level or volatility of currency exchange rates or interest rates. These instruments include, but are not limited to, currency balances, spot and forward transactions, currency options and other currency derivative products.

The equity component of VaR consists of instruments that represent an ownership interest in the form of domestic and foreign common stock or other equity-linked instruments. These instruments include, but are not limited to, common stock, exchange-traded funds, preferred stock, listed equity options (puts and calls), OTC equity options, equity total return swaps, equity index futures and other equity derivative products.

The credit component of VaR represents instruments whose values are predominantly driven by credit spread levels, i.e., idiosyncratic default risk. These instruments include, but are not limited to, securities with exposures from corporate and municipal credit spreads.

The diversification component of VaR is the risk reduction benefit that occurs when combining portfolios and offsetting positions, and from the correlated behavior of risk factor movements.

During the second quarter of 2021, interest rate risk generated 33% of average gross VaR, foreign exchange risk generated 39% of average gross VaR, equity risk generated 1% of average gross VaR and credit risk generated 27% of average gross VaR. During the second quarter of 2021, our daily trading loss exceeded our calculated VaR amount of the overall portfolio on one occasion.

The following table of total daily trading revenue or loss illustrates the number of trading days in which our trading revenue or loss fell within particular ranges during the past five quarters.

Distribution of trading revenue (loss) (a)
Quarter ended
(dollars in millions)June 30, 2021March 31, 2021Dec. 31, 2020Sept. 30, 2020June 30, 2020
Revenue range:Number of days
Less than $(2.5)— — 2 4 6 
$(2.5) – $07 6 12 10 12 
$0 – $2.522 17 11 23 17 
$2.5 – $5.025 21 26 16 15 
More than $5.010 17 11 12 14 
(a)    Trading revenue (loss) includes realized and unrealized gains and losses primarily related to spot and forward foreign exchange transactions, derivatives and securities trades for our customers and excludes any associated commissions, underwriting fees and net interest revenue.


Trading assets include debt and equity instruments and derivative assets, primarily interest rate and foreign exchange contracts, not designated as hedging instruments. Trading assets were $15.5 billion at June 30, 2021 and $15.3 billion at Dec. 31, 2020.

Trading liabilities include debt and equity instruments and derivative liabilities, primarily interest rate and foreign exchange contracts, not designated as hedging instruments. Trading liabilities were $6.5 billion at June 30, 2021 and $6.0 billion at Dec. 31, 2020.

Under our fair value methodology for derivative contracts, an initial “risk-neutral” valuation is performed on each position assuming time-discounting based on a AA credit curve. In addition, we consider credit risk in arriving at the fair value of our derivatives.

We reflect external credit ratings as well as observable credit default swap spreads for both ourselves and our counterparties when measuring the fair value of our derivative positions. Accordingly, the valuation of our derivative positions is sensitive to the current changes in our own credit spreads, as well as those of our counterparties.

At June 30, 2021, our OTC derivative assets, including those in hedging relationships, of $4.8 billion included a credit valuation adjustment (“CVA”) deduction of $28 million. Our OTC derivative liabilities, including those in hedging relationships, of $3.3 billion included a debit valuation adjustment (“DVA”) of $1 million related to our own credit spread. Net of hedges, the CVA decreased $1 million and the DVA increased by less than $1 million in the second quarter of 2021, which increased other trading revenue by $1 million. The net impact decreased other trading revenue by $1
44 BNY Mellon

million in the first quarter of 2021 and $2 million in the second quarter of 2020.

The table below summarizes the distribution of credit ratings for our foreign exchange and interest rate derivative counterparties over the past five quarters, which indicates the level of counterparty credit associated with these trading activities. Significant changes in counterparty credit ratings could alter the level of credit risk faced by BNY Mellon.

Foreign exchange and other trading counterparty risk rating profile (a)
Quarter ended
June 30, 2021March 31, 2021Dec. 31, 2020Sept. 30, 2020June 30, 2020
Rating:
AAA to AA-52 %45 %46 %54 %56 %
A+ to A-19 26 28 20 18 
BBB+ to BBB-24 22 18 17 18 
BB+ and
lower (b)
5 7 8 9 8 
Total100 %100 %100 %100 %100 %
(a)    Represents credit rating agency equivalent of internal credit ratings.
(b)    Non-investment grade.


Asset/liability management

Our diversified business activities include processing securities, accepting deposits, investing in securities, lending, raising money as needed to fund assets and other transactions. The market risks from these activities include interest rate risk and foreign exchange risk. Our primary market risk is exposure to movements in U.S. dollar interest rates and certain foreign currency interest rates. We actively manage interest rate sensitivity and use earnings simulation and discounted cash flow models to identify interest rate exposures.

An earnings simulation model is the primary tool used to assess changes in pre-tax net interest revenue. The model incorporates management’s assumptions regarding interest rates, market spreads, changes in the prepayment behavior of loans and securities and the impact of derivative financial instruments used for interest rate risk management purposes. These assumptions have been developed through a combination of historical analysis and future expected pricing behavior and are inherently uncertain. Actual results may differ materially from projected results due to timing, magnitude and frequency of interest rate changes, and changes in market conditions and management’s strategies, among other factors.
In the table below, we use the earnings simulation model to run various interest rate ramp scenarios from a baseline scenario. The interest rate ramp scenarios examine the impact of large interest rate movements. In each scenario, all currencies’ interest rates are shifted higher or lower. Typically, the baseline scenario uses the average deposit balances of the last month of the quarter. The 100 basis point ramp scenario assumes rates change 25 basis points above or below the yield curve in each of the next four quarters and the 200 basis point ramp scenario assumes a 50 basis point per quarter change. Interest rate sensitivity is quantified by calculating the change in pre-tax net interest revenue between the scenarios over a 12-month measurement period. The net interest revenue sensitivity methodology assumes static deposit levels and also assumes that no management actions will be taken to mitigate the effects of interest rate changes.

The following table shows net interest revenue sensitivity for BNY Mellon.

Estimated changes in net interest revenue
(in millions)
June 30, 2021March 31, 2021June 30, 2020
Up 200 bps parallel rate ramp vs. baseline (a)
$890 $1,024 $591 
Up 100 bps parallel rate ramp vs. baseline (a)
477 551 349 
Down 100 bps parallel rate ramp vs. baseline (a)
430 384 315 
Long-term up 50 bps, short-term unchanged (b)
123 120 153 
Long-term down 50 bps, short-term unchanged (b)
(132)(116)(173)
(a)    In the parallel rate ramp, both short-term and long-term rates move in four equal quarterly increments.
(b)    Long-term is equal to or greater than one year.


The decreases in the ramp up sensitivities compared with March 31, 2021 are primarily driven by a decrease in deposit levels and the impact of hedging long-term debt.

While the net interest revenue sensitivity scenarios calculations assume static deposit balances to facilitate consistent period-over-period comparisons, it is likely that a portion of the recent monetary policy-driven deposit inflows would run-off in rising rate environments, such as the up 100 bps and up 200 bps parallel ramps. Noninterest-bearing deposits are particularly sensitive to changes in short-term rates.

BNY Mellon 45

To illustrate the net interest revenue sensitivity to deposit runoff, we note that a $5 billion instantaneous reduction of U.S. dollar denominated noninterest-bearing deposits would reduce the net interest revenue sensitivity results in the ramp up 100 basis point and 200 basis point scenarios in the table above by approximately $30 million and approximately $65 million, respectively. The impact would be smaller if
the runoff was assumed to be a mixture of interest-bearing and noninterest-bearing deposits.

For a discussion of factors impacting the growth or contraction of deposits, see “Risk Factors – Our business, financial condition and results of operations could be adversely affected if we do not effectively manage our liquidity,” in our 2020 Annual Report.

46 BNY Mellon

Supplemental information – Explanation of GAAP and Non-GAAP financial measures

BNY Mellon has included in this Form 10-Q certain Non-GAAP financial measures on a tangible basis as a supplement to GAAP information, which exclude goodwill and intangible assets, net of deferred tax liabilities. We believe that the return on tangible common equity – Non-GAAP is additional useful information for investors because it presents a measure of those assets that can generate income, and the tangible book value per common share – Non-GAAP is additional useful information because it presents the level of tangible assets in relation to shares of common stock outstanding.

The presentation of the growth rates of investment management and performance fees on a constant currency basis permits investors to assess the significance of changes in foreign currency exchange
rates. Growth rates on a constant currency basis were determined by applying the current period foreign currency exchange rates to the prior period revenue. We believe that this presentation, as a supplement to GAAP information, gives investors a clearer picture of the related revenue results without the variability caused by fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates.

BNY Mellon has also included the adjusted pre-tax operating margin – Non-GAAP, which is the pre-tax operating margin for the Investment and Wealth Management business, net of distribution and servicing expense that was passed to third parties who distribute or service our managed funds. We believe that this measure is useful when evaluating the performance of the Investment and Wealth Management business relative to industry competitors.

The following table presents the reconciliation of the return on common equity and tangible common equity.

Return on common equity and tangible common equity reconciliation2Q211Q212Q20YTD21YTD20
(dollars in millions)
Net income applicable to common shareholders of The Bank of New York Mellon Corporation – GAAP$991 $858 $901 $1,849 $1,845 
Add:  Amortization of intangible assets20 24 26 44 52 
Less: Tax impact of amortization of intangible assets5 6 6 11 12 
Adjusted net income applicable to common shareholders of The Bank of New York Mellon Corporation, excluding amortization of intangible assets – Non-GAAP$1,006 $876 $921 $1,882 $1,885 
Average common shareholders’ equity$40,393 $40,720 $38,476 $40,556 $38,070 
Less: Average goodwill17,517 17,494 17,243 17,506 17,277 
Average intangible assets2,975 3,000 3,058 2,987 3,073 
Add: Deferred tax liability – tax deductible goodwill1,163 1,153 1,119 1,163 1,119 
  Deferred tax liability – intangible assets675 665 664 675 664 
Average tangible common shareholders’ equity – Non-GAAP$21,739 $22,044 $19,958 $21,901 $19,503 
Return on common shareholders’ equity – GAAP
9.8 %8.5 %9.4 %9.2 %9.7 %
Return on tangible common shareholders’ equity – Non-GAAP 18.6 %16.1 %18.5 %17.3 %19.4 %


BNY Mellon 47

The following table presents the reconciliation of book value and tangible book value per common share.

Book value and tangible book value per common share reconciliationJune 30, 2021March 31, 2021Dec. 31, 2020June 30, 2020
(dollars in millions, except per share amounts and unless otherwise noted)
BNY Mellon shareholders’ equity at period end – GAAP$45,281 $44,954 $45,801 $43,697 
Less: Preferred stock4,541 4,541 4,541 4,532 
BNY Mellon common shareholders’ equity at period end – GAAP40,740 40,413 41,260 39,165 
Less: Goodwill17,487 17,469 17,496 17,253 
Intangible assets2,964 2,983 3,012 3,045 
Add: Deferred tax liability – tax deductible goodwill1,163 1,153 1,144 1,119 
Deferred tax liability – intangible assets675 665 667 664 
BNY Mellon tangible common shareholders’ equity at period end – Non-GAAP
$22,127 $21,779 $22,563 $20,650 
Period-end common shares outstanding (in thousands)
863,174 875,481 886,764 885,862 
Book value per common share – GAAP$47.20 $46.16 $46.53 $44.21 
Tangible book value per common share – Non-GAAP$25.64 $24.88 $25.44 $23.31 


The following table presents the impact of changes in foreign currency exchange rates on our consolidated investment management and performance fees.

Constant currency reconciliation – Consolidated2Q212Q202Q21 vs.
(dollars in millions)2Q20
Investment management and performance fees – GAAP$889 $786 13 %
Impact of changes in foreign currency exchange rates— 31 
Adjusted investment management and performance fees – Non-GAAP$889 $817 9 %


The following table presents the impact of changes in foreign currency exchange rates on investment management and performance fees reported in the Investment and Wealth Management business.

Constant currency reconciliation – Investment and Wealth Management business
2Q21 vs.
(dollars in millions)2Q212Q202Q20
Investment management and performance fees – GAAP
$890 $787 13 %
Impact of changes in foreign currency exchange rates— 31 
Adjusted investment management and performance fees – Non-GAAP$890 $818 9 %


The following table presents the reconciliation of the pre-tax operating margin for the Investment and Wealth Management business.

Pre-tax operating margin reconciliation – Investment and Wealth Management business
(dollars in millions)2Q211Q214Q203Q202Q20YTD21YTD20
Income before income taxes – GAAP$326 $278 $311 $245 $221 $604 $415 
Total revenue – GAAP$999 $991 $990 $918 $886 $1,990 $1,784 
Less: Distribution and servicing expense
74 75 76 85 86 149 177 
Adjusted total revenue, net of distribution and servicing expense – Non-GAAP$925 $916 $914 $833 $800 $1,841 $1,607 
Pre-tax operating margin – GAAP (a)
33 %28 %32 %27 %25 %30 %23 %
Adjusted pre-tax operating margin, net of distribution and servicing expense – Non-GAAP (a)
35 %30 %34 %29 %28 %33 %26 %
(a)    Income before taxes divided by total revenue.

48 BNY Mellon

Recent regulatory developments

For a summary of additional regulatory matters relevant to our operations, see “Recent regulatory developments” in our Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2021 and “Supervision and Regulation” in our 2020 Annual Report. The following discussions summarize certain regulatory, legislative and other developments that may affect BNY Mellon.

CCAR 2021 Results

On June 24, 2021, the Federal Reserve released the results of its stress tests for 2021. The Federal Reserve also notified BNY Mellon that its indicative SCB requirement for the present stress test cycle will be 2.5%, which equals the regulatory floor. BNY Mellon expects that its final SCB will be confirmed later in 2021. The SCB will be effective on Oct. 1, 2021.

The temporary restrictions on dividends and share repurchases imposed as a result of the coronavirus pandemic ended for BNY Mellon after June 30, 2021. Starting in the third quarter of 2021, BNY Mellon will continue to be subject to the normal constraints under the SCB framework. For additional information regarding the SCB, see “Supervision and Regulation – Capital Planning and Stress Testing” in our 2020 Annual Report.

Consistent with the SCB framework, BNY Mellon increased its quarterly common stock dividend to $0.34 per share in the third quarter of 2021 and our Board has authorized the repurchase of up to $6.0 billion of common shares over the six quarters beginning in the third quarter of 2021 and continuing through the fourth quarter of 2022. This new share repurchase plan replaces all previously authorized share repurchase plans.

NSFR Compliance Date

The final NSFR rule became effective on July 1, 2021. Under the final rule, the NSFR is expressed as a ratio of available stable funding to the required stable funding amount. BNY Mellon is required to maintain an NSFR of 1.0 and is in compliance with the NSFR. NSFR disclosure requirements will be effective in 2023.

EU/UK Trade and Cooperation Agreement

The EU-UK Trade and Cooperation Agreement (“EU-UK Agreement”) entered into force and became provisionally effective on Jan. 1, 2021. The EU-UK Agreement was ratified by the European Parliament in April 2021 and became fully effective. Under the EU-UK Agreement, the EU and UK have agreed to make their best endeavors to ensure that internationally agreed standards in the financial services sector for regulation and supervision are implemented and applied in their territory and establish a framework for structured regulatory cooperation on financial services. For more information regarding the impact of Brexit on the UK regulatory framework and related developments, see “Supervision and Regulation – Effects of ‘Brexit’ on UK Regulatory Framework” in the 2020 Annual Report.

Financial Services Act 2021 (UK)

The Financial Services Act 2021 (previously the Financial Services Bill 2020) received royal assent and entered into force in April 2021. The Financial Services Act 2021 makes several changes to the UK financial services regulatory framework. This includes providing the framework for implementation of the elements of the EU Capital Requirements Regulation 2 (“CRR2”) that do not already form part of EU retained law in the UK, and the framework for implementation of the EU Investment Firms Directive / Regulation (“IFD/IFR”) in the UK (modified for the UK environment as “UK IFPR”).

The Financial Services Act 2021 grants rulemaking powers to the Prudential Regulatory Authority (“PRA”) with respect to UK capital requirements directive/regulation matters, and the Financial Conduct Authority (“FCA”), with respect to UK IFPR matters. The Financial Services Act 2021 also enables Her Majesty’s Treasury to set commencement dates for various UK CRR2/UK IFPR provisions. Pursuant to this authority, Her Majesty’s Treasury has confirmed that the UK’s version of the CRR2 (“UK CRR2”) and the UK IFPR will come into effect on Jan. 1, 2022. For more information regarding the CRR2 and the UK IFPR, see “Supervision and Regulation – Operations and Regulations Outside the United States” and “Supervision and Regulation – Effects of ‘Brexit’ on UK Regulatory Framework” in the 2020 Annual Report.
BNY Mellon 49

EU Leverage Ratio

On June 28, 2021, the CRR2 leverage ratio became a binding requirement for EU credit institutions, such as The Bank of New York Mellon SA/NV. The European Central Bank (“ECB”) granted an optional exclusion for central bank deposits from the leverage ratio calculation that came into effect on the same date and will expire on March 31, 2022. It replaces the central bank deposits exclusion granted by the ECB in April 2020 in relation to the leverage ratio reporting requirements. The Bank of New York Mellon SA/NV is planning to use the exclusion.

Other matters

On March 5, 2021, the administrator of LIBOR announced that it would cease the publication of non-U.S. dollar London Interbank Offered Rate (“LIBOR”) settings and one-week and two-month U.S. dollar LIBOR settings on Dec. 31, 2021 and would cease the publication of the other U.S. dollar LIBOR settings on June 30, 2023. On the same day, the UK Financial Conduct Authority (“FCA”) made a related announcement regarding when LIBOR settings will cease to be provided by any administrator or no longer be representative. The International Swaps and Derivatives Association (“ISDA”) also announced that the FCA’s announcement was an index cessation event under its fallbacks protocol for all LIBOR settings and that consequently, the fallback spread adjustment was fixed as of the date of the announcement.

In April 2021, New York state adopted legislation that provides a statutory fallback mechanism to replace LIBOR with a benchmark rate based on SOFR for New York-law governed contracts that reference U.S. dollar LIBOR and either have no fallback provisions or provisions that are based on LIBOR. The New York legislation also has a safe harbor regarding the selection and use of that SOFR-based benchmark rate.

The U.S. bank regulators have issued guidance strongly encouraging banking organizations to cease using U.S. dollar LIBOR as a reference rate in new contracts as soon as practicable and in any event by Dec. 31, 2021. We are continuing to work to facilitate an orderly transition from interbank offered rates, including LIBOR, to alternative reference rates for us and our clients.

Website information

Our website is www.bnymellon.com. We currently make available the following information under the Investor Relations portion of our website. With respect to filings with the SEC, we post such information as soon as reasonably practicable after we electronically file such materials with, or furnish them to, the SEC.
•All of our SEC filings, including annual reports on Form 10-K, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, current reports on Form 8-K and all amendments to these reports, as well as proxy statements and SEC Forms 3, 4 and 5;
•Our earnings materials and selected management conference calls and presentations;
•Other regulatory disclosures, including: Pillar 3 Disclosures (and Market Risk Disclosure contained therein); Liquidity Coverage Ratio Disclosures; Federal Financial Institutions Examination Council – Consolidated Reports of Condition and Income for a Bank With Domestic and Foreign Offices; Consolidated Financial Statements for Bank Holding Companies; and the Dodd-Frank Act Stress Test Results for BNY Mellon and The Bank of New York Mellon; and
•Our Corporate Governance Guidelines, Amended and Restated By-laws, Directors’ Code of Conduct and the Charters of the Audit, Finance, Corporate Governance, Nominating and Social Responsibility, Human Resources and Compensation, Risk and Technology Committees of our Board of Directors.

We may use our website, our Twitter account (@BNYMellon) and other social media channels as additional means of disclosing information to the public. The information disclosed through those channels may be considered to be material. The contents of our website or social media channels referenced herein are not incorporated by reference into this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.
50 BNY Mellon
Item 1. Financial Statements
The Bank of New York Mellon Corporation (and its subsidiaries)

Consolidated Income Statement (unaudited)

Quarter endedYear-to-date
June 30, 2021March 31, 2021June 30, 2020June 30, 2021June 30, 2020
(in millions)
Fee and other revenue
Investment services fees:
Asset servicing fees$1,200 $1,199 $1,173 $2,399 $2,332 
Clearing services fees435 455 431 890 901 
Issuer services fees281 245 277 526 540 
Treasury services fees160 157 144 317 293 
Total investment services fees2,076 2,056 2,025 4,132 4,066 
Investment management and performance fees889 890 786 1,779 1,648 
Foreign exchange revenue184 231 193 (a)415 438 (a)
Financing-related fees48 51 58 99 117 
Distribution and servicing27 29 27 56 58 
Total fee revenue3,224 3,257 3,089 (a)6,481 6,327 (a)
Investment and other income89 9 132 (a)98 179 (a)
Net securities gains2 — 9 2 18 
Total other revenue91 9 141 (a)100 197 (a)
Total fee and other revenue3,315 3,266 3,230 6,581 6,524 
Net interest revenue
Interest revenue685 738 943 1,423 2,513 
Interest expense40 83 163 123 919 
Net interest revenue645 655 780 1,300 1,594 
Total revenue3,960 3,921 4,010 7,881 8,118 
Provision for credit losses(86)(83)143 (169)312 
Noninterest expense
Staff1,518 1,602 1,464 3,120 2,946 
Software and equipment365 362 345 727 671 
Professional, legal and other purchased services363 343 337 706 667 
Sub-custodian and clearing132 124 120 256 225 
Net occupancy122 123 137 245 272 
Distribution and servicing73 74 85 147 176 
Bank assessment charges35 34 35 69 70 
Amortization of intangible assets20 24 26 44 52 
Business development22 19 20 41 62 
Other128 146 117 274 257 
Total noninterest expense2,778 2,851 2,686 5,629 5,398 
Income
Income before income taxes1,268 1,153 1,181 2,421 2,408 
Provision for income taxes241 221 216 462 481 
Net income1,027 932 965 1,959 1,927 
Net (income) loss attributable to noncontrolling interests related to consolidated investment management funds(5)(5)(15)(10)3 
Net income applicable to shareholders of The Bank of New York Mellon Corporation1,022 927 950 1,949 1,930 
Preferred stock dividends(31)(69)(49)(100)(85)
Net income applicable to common shareholders of The Bank of New York Mellon Corporation$991 $858 $901 $1,849 $1,845 
(a)    In the first quarter of 2021, we reclassified certain items within total revenue on the consolidated income statement and reclassified prior periods to be comparable with the current period presentation. See Note 1 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information.
BNY Mellon 51
The Bank of New York Mellon Corporation (and its subsidiaries)
Consolidated Income Statement (unaudited) (continued)

Net income applicable to common shareholders of The Bank of New York Mellon Corporation used for the earnings per share calculationQuarter endedYear-to-date
June 30, 2021March 31, 2021June 30, 2020June 30, 2021June 30, 2020
(in millions)
Net income applicable to common shareholders of The Bank of New York Mellon Corporation$991 $858 $901 $1,849 $1,845 
Less: Earnings allocated to participating securities1 1 1 2 4 
Net income applicable to common shareholders of The Bank of New York Mellon Corporation after required adjustment for the calculation of basic and diluted earnings per common share$990 $857 $900 $1,847 $1,841 


Average common shares and equivalents outstanding of The Bank of New York Mellon CorporationQuarter endedYear-to-date
June 30, 2021March 31, 2021June 30, 2020June 30, 2021June 30, 2020
(in thousands)
Basic869,460 882,558 889,020 876,006 891,642 
Common stock equivalents4,315 3,824 2,044 3,904 2,866 
Less: Participating securities(300)(727)(503)(501)(905)
Diluted873,475 885,655 890,561 879,409 893,603 
Anti-dilutive securities (a)
547 4,133 1,578 807 2,052 
(a)    Represents stock options, restricted stock, restricted stock units and participating securities outstanding but not included in the computation of diluted average common shares because their effect would be anti-dilutive.


Earnings per share applicable to common shareholders of The Bank of New York Mellon CorporationQuarter endedYear-to-date
June 30, 2021March 31, 2021June 30, 2020June 30, 2021June 30, 2020
(in dollars)
Basic$1.14 $0.97 $1.01 $2.11 $2.06 
Diluted$1.13 $0.97 $1.01 $2.10 $2.06 


See accompanying unaudited Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
52 BNY Mellon
The Bank of New York Mellon Corporation (and its subsidiaries)
Consolidated Comprehensive Income Statement (unaudited)

Quarter endedYear-to-date
June 30, 2021March 31, 2021June 30, 2020June 30, 2021June 30, 2020
(in millions)
Net income$1,027 $932 $965 $1,959 $1,927 
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax:
Foreign currency translation adjustments51 (150)115 (99)(254)
Unrealized gain (loss) on assets available-for-sale:
Unrealized (loss) gain arising during the period77 (703)753 (626)936 
Reclassification adjustment(1)— (7)(1)(14)
Total unrealized gain (loss) on assets available-for-sale76 (703)746 (627)922 
Defined benefit plans:
Amortization of prior service credit, net loss and initial obligation included in net periodic benefit cost25 22 19 47 37 
Total defined benefit plans25 22 19 47 37 
Net unrealized (loss) gain on cash flow hedges(3)(3)4 (6)(7)
Total other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax (a)
149 (834)884 (685)698 
Total comprehensive income1,176 98 1,849 1,274 2,625 
Net (income) loss attributable to noncontrolling interests(5)(5)(15)(10)3 
Other comprehensive loss attributable to noncontrolling interests— — — — 2 
Comprehensive income applicable to shareholders of The Bank of New York Mellon Corporation$1,171 $93 $1,834 $1,264 $2,630 
(a)    Other comprehensive (loss) income attributable to The Bank of New York Mellon Corporation shareholders was $149 million for the quarter ended June 30, 2021, $(834) million for the quarter ended March 31, 2021, $884 million for the quarter ended June 30, 2020, $(685) million for the six months ended June 30, 2021 and $700 million for the six months ended June 30, 2020.


See accompanying unaudited Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
BNY Mellon 53
The Bank of New York Mellon Corporation (and its subsidiaries)
Consolidated Balance Sheet (unaudited)

June 30, 2021Dec. 31, 2020
(dollars in millions, except per share amounts)
Assets
Cash and due from banks, net of allowance for credit losses of $2 and $4
$5,154 $6,252 
Interest-bearing deposits with the Federal Reserve and other central banks126,355 141,775 
Interest-bearing deposits with banks, net of allowance for credit losses of $1 and $3 (includes restricted of $4,317 and $3,167)
21,270 17,300 
Federal funds sold and securities purchased under resale agreements29,762 30,907 
Securities:
Held-to-maturity, at amortized cost, net of allowance for credit losses of less than $1 and less than $1 (fair value of $52,919 and $49,224)
52,325 47,946 
Available-for-sale, at fair value (amortized cost of $101,525 and $105,141, net of allowance for credit losses of $9 and $11)
103,581 108,495 
Total securities155,906 156,441 
Trading assets15,520 15,272 
Loans63,547 56,469 
Allowance for credit losses(269)(358)
Net loans63,278 56,111 
Premises and equipment3,442 3,602 
Accrued interest receivable492 510 
Goodwill17,487 17,496 
Intangible assets2,964 3,012 
Other assets, net of allowance for credit losses on accounts receivable of $4 and $4 (includes $1,222 and $1,009, at fair value)
25,333 20,955 
Total assets $466,963 $469,633 
Liabilities
Deposits:
Noninterest-bearing (principally U.S. offices)$94,081 $83,854 
Interest-bearing deposits in U.S. offices130,344 133,479 
Interest-bearing deposits in non-U.S. offices114,245 124,212 
Total deposits338,670 341,545 
Federal funds purchased and securities sold under repurchase agreements12,425 11,305 
Trading liabilities6,451 6,031 
Payables to customers and broker-dealers23,704 25,085 
Other borrowed funds451 350 
Accrued taxes and other expenses
5,213 5,696 
Other liabilities (including allowance for credit losses on lending-related commitments of $50 and $121, also includes $582 and $1,110, at fair value) (a)
8,626 7,517 
Long-term debt (includes $400 and $400, at fair value)
25,629 25,984 
Total liabilities 421,169 423,513 
Temporary equity
Redeemable noncontrolling interests169 176 
Permanent equity
Preferred stock – par value $0.01 per share; authorized 100,000,000 shares; issued 45,826 and 45,826 shares
4,541 4,541 
Common stock – par value $0.01 per share; authorized 3,500,000,000 shares; issued 1,388,316,851 and 1,382,306,327 shares
14 14 
Additional paid-in capital28,006 27,823 
Retained earnings 35,540 34,241 
Accumulated other comprehensive loss, net of tax(1,670)(985)
Less: Treasury stock of 525,143,173 and 495,542,796 common shares, at cost
(21,150)(19,833)
Total The Bank of New York Mellon Corporation shareholders’ equity 45,281 45,801 
Nonredeemable noncontrolling interests of consolidated investment management funds344 143 
Total permanent equity 45,625 45,944 
Total liabilities, temporary equity and permanent equity $466,963 $469,633 


See accompanying unaudited Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
54 BNY Mellon
The Bank of New York Mellon Corporation (and its subsidiaries)
Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows (unaudited)

Six months ended June 30,
(in millions)20212020
Operating activities
Net income$1,959 $1,927 
Net (income) loss attributable to noncontrolling interests(10)3 
Net income applicable to shareholders of The Bank of New York Mellon Corporation1,949 1,930 
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by (used for) operating activities:
Provision for credit losses (a)
(169)312 
Pension plan contributions
(16)(12)
Depreciation and amortization
938 744 
Deferred tax (benefit)
274 (363)
Net securities (gains)(2)(18)
Change in trading assets and liabilities176 171 
Change in accruals and other, net(3,495)2,361 
Net cash (used for) provided by operating activities(345)5,125 
Investing activities
Change in interest-bearing deposits with banks(2,924)(3,710)
Change in interest-bearing deposits with the Federal Reserve and other central banks13,409 (18,117)
Purchases of securities held-to-maturity(5,449)(14,499)
Paydowns of securities held-to-maturity5,869 3,541 
Maturities of securities held-to-maturity834 1,836 
Purchases of securities available-for-sale(25,820)(44,865)
Sales of securities available-for-sale7,624 8,414 
Paydowns of securities available-for-sale7,081 4,416 
Maturities of securities available-for-sale8,999 12,241 
Net change in loans(7,017)(610)
Sales of loans and other real estate1 2 
Change in federal funds sold and securities purchased under resale agreements1,129 (6,516)
Net change in seed capital investments(55)19 
Purchases of premises and equipment/capitalized software(465)(623)
Proceeds from the sale of premises and equipment27 — 
Dispositions, net of cash8 — 
Other, net648 (275)
Net cash provided by (used for) investing activities3,899 (58,746)
Financing activities
Change in deposits(1,428)47,576 
Change in federal funds purchased and securities sold under repurchase agreements1,214 3,155 
Change in payables to customers and broker-dealers(1,360)6,260 
Change in other borrowed funds107 1,036 
Change in commercial paper— (3,294)
Net proceeds from the issuance of long-term debt2,691 2,246 
Repayments of long-term debt(2,750)(3,000)
Proceeds from the exercise of stock options32 33 
Issuance of common stock6 6 
Issuance of preferred stock— 990 
Treasury stock acquired(1,317)(988)
Common cash dividends paid(550)(560)
Preferred cash dividends paid(100)(85)
Other, net(6)15 
Net cash (used for) provided by financing activities(3,461)53,390 
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash(41)(50)
Change in cash and due from banks and restricted cash
Change in cash and due from banks and restricted cash 52 (281)
Cash and due from banks and restricted cash at beginning of period9,419 7,267 
Cash and due from banks and restricted cash at end of period$9,471 $6,986 
Cash and due from banks and restricted cash
Cash and due from banks at end of period (unrestricted cash)$5,154 $4,776 
Restricted cash at end of period4,317 2,210 
Cash and due from banks and restricted cash at end of period$9,471 $6,986 
Supplemental disclosures
Interest paid$145 $1,013 
Income taxes paid266 756 
Income taxes refunded10 11 


See accompanying unaudited Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
BNY Mellon 55
The Bank of New York Mellon Corporation (and its subsidiaries)
Consolidated Statement of Changes in Equity (unaudited)

The Bank of New York Mellon Corporation shareholdersNonredeemable
noncontrolling
interests of
consolidated
investment
management
funds		Total
permanent
equity		Redeemable
non-
controlling
interests/
temporary
equity
(in millions, except per
share amount)		Preferred stockCommon
stock		Additional
paid-in
capital		Retained
earnings		Accumulated other comprehensive (loss), net
of tax		Treasury
stock
Balance at March 31, 2021$4,541 $14 $27,928 $34,822 $(1,819)$(20,532)$262 $45,216 (a)$187 
Shares issued to shareholders of noncontrolling interests— — — — — — — — 6 
Redemption of subsidiary shares from noncontrolling interests— — — — — — — — (22)
Other net changes in noncontrolling interests— — 9 — — — 77 86 (2)
Net income— — — 1,022 — — 5 1,027 — 
Other comprehensive income— — — — 149 — — 149 — 
Dividends:
Common stock at $0.31 per
  share (b)
— — — (273)— — — (273)— 
Preferred stock— — — (31)— — — (31)— 
Repurchase of common stock— — — — — (618)— (618)— 
Common stock issued under employee benefit plans— — 5 — — — — 5 — 
Stock awards and options exercised— — 64 — — — — 64 — 
Balance at June 30, 2021$4,541 $14 $28,006 $35,540 $(1,670)$(21,150)$344 $45,625 (a)$169 
(a)Includes total The Bank of New York Mellon Corporation common shareholders’ equity of $40,413 million at March 31, 2021 and $40,740 million at June 30, 2021.
(b)    Includes dividend-equivalents on share-based awards.


The Bank of New York Mellon Corporation shareholdersNonredeemable
noncontrolling
interests of
consolidated
investment
management
funds		Total
permanent
equity		Redeemable
non-
controlling
interests/
temporary
equity
(in millions, except per
share amount)		Preferred stockCommon
stock		Additional
paid-in
capital		Retained
earnings		Accumulated other comprehensive (loss), net
of tax		Treasury
stock
Balance at Dec. 31, 2020$4,541 $14 $27,823 $34,241 $(985)$(19,833)$143 $45,944 (a)$176 
Shares issued to shareholders of noncontrolling interests
— — — — — — — — 23 
Redemption of subsidiary shares from noncontrolling interests
— — — — — — — — (30)
Other net changes in noncontrolling interests
— — (33)— — — 114 81 18 
Net income— — — 927 — — 5 932 — 
Other comprehensive (loss)— — — — (834)— — (834)— 
Dividends:
Common stock at $0.31 per
  share (b)
— — — (277)— — — (277)— 
Preferred stock— — — (69)— — — (69)— 
Repurchase of common stock— — — — — (699)— (699)— 
Common stock issued under employee benefit plans— — 5 — — — — 5 — 
Stock awards and options exercised— — 133 — — — — 133 — 
Balance at March 31, 2021$4,541 $14 $27,928 $34,822 $(1,819)$(20,532)$262 $45,216 (a)$187 
(a)Includes total The Bank of New York Mellon Corporation common shareholders’ equity of $41,260 million at Dec. 31, 2020 and $40,413 million at March 31, 2021.
(b)    Includes dividend-equivalents on share-based awards.

56 BNY Mellon
The Bank of New York Mellon Corporation (and its subsidiaries)
The Bank of New York Mellon Corporation shareholdersNonredeemable
noncontrolling
interests of
consolidated
investment
management
funds		Total
permanent
equity		Redeemable
non-
controlling
interests/
temporary
equity
(in millions, except per
share amount)		Preferred stockCommon
stock		Additional
paid-in
capital		Retained
earnings		Accumulated other comprehensive (loss), net
of tax		Treasury
stock
Balance at March 31, 2020$3,542 $14 $27,644 $32,601 $(2,827)$(19,829)$94 $41,239 (a)$140 
Shares issued to shareholders of noncontrolling interests
— — — — — — — — 17 
Other net changes in noncontrolling interests
— — — — — — 3 3 — 
Net income— — — 950 — — 15 965 — 
Other comprehensive income
— — — — 884 — — 884 — 
Dividends:
Common stock at $0.31 per
  share
— — — (278)— — — (278)— 
Preferred stock— — — (49)— — — (49)— 
Repurchase of common stock— — — — — (3)— (3)— 
Common stock issued under employee benefit plans
— — 6 — — — — 6 — 
Preferred stock issued990 — — — — — 990 — 
Stock awards and options exercised
— — 52 — — — — 52 — 
Balance at June 30, 2020$4,532 $14 $27,702 $33,224 $(1,943)$(19,832)$112 $43,809 (a)$157 
(a)    Includes total The Bank of New York Mellon Corporation common shareholders’ equity of $37,603 million at March 31, 2020 and $39,165 million at June 30, 2020.


The Bank of New York Mellon Corporation shareholdersNonredeemable
noncontrolling
interests of
consolidated
investment
management
funds		Total
permanent
equity		Redeemable
non-
controlling
interests/
temporary
equity
(in millions, except per
share amount)		Preferred stockCommon
stock		Additional
paid-in
capital		Retained
earnings		Accumulated other comprehensive (loss), net
of tax		Treasury
stock
Balance at Dec. 31, 2020$4,541 $14 $27,823 $34,241 $(985)$(19,833)$143 $45,944 (a)$176 
Shares issued to shareholders of noncontrolling interests— — — — — — — — 29 
Redemption of subsidiary shares from noncontrolling interests— — — — — — — — (52)
Other net changes in noncontrolling interests— — (24)— — — 191 167 16 
Net income— — — 1,949 — — 10 1,959 — 
Other comprehensive (loss)— — — — (685)— — (685)— 
Dividends:
Common stock at $0.62 per
  share (b)
— — — (550)— — — (550)— 
Preferred stock— — — (100)— — — (100)— 
Repurchase of common stock— — — — — (1,317)— (1,317)— 
Common stock issued under employee benefit plans— — 10 — — — — 10 — 
Stock awards and options exercised— — 197 — — — — 197 — 
Balance at June 30, 2021$4,541 $14 $28,006 $35,540 $(1,670)$(21,150)$344 $45,625 (a)$169 
(a)    Includes total The Bank of New York Mellon Corporation common shareholders’ equity of $41,260 million at Dec. 31, 2020 and $40,740 million at June 30, 2021.
(b)    Includes dividend-equivalents on share-based awards.

BNY Mellon 57
The Bank of New York Mellon Corporation (and its subsidiaries)
The Bank of New York Mellon Corporation shareholdersNonredeemable
noncontrolling
interests of
consolidated
investment
management
funds		Total
permanent
equity		Redeemable
non-
controlling
interests/
temporary
equity
(in millions, except per
share amount)		Preferred stockCommon
stock		Additional
paid-in
capital		Retained
earnings		Accumulated other comprehensive (loss), net
of tax		Treasury
stock
Balance at Dec. 31, 2019$3,542 $14 $27,515 $31,894 $(2,638)$(18,844)$102 $41,585 (a)$143 
Impact of adopting ASU 2016-13, Financial Instruments – Credit Losses
— — — 45 (5)— — 40 — 
Adjusted balance at Jan. 1, 20203,542 14 27,515 31,939 (2,643)(18,844)102 41,625 143 
Shares issued to shareholders of noncontrolling interests
— — — — — — — — 34 
Redemption of subsidiary shares from noncontrolling interests
— — — — — — — — (16)
Other net changes in noncontrolling interests
— — (5)— — — 13 8 (2)
Net income (loss)— — — 1,930 — — (3)1,927 — 
Other comprehensive income (loss)— — — — 700 — — 700 (2)
Dividends:
Common stock at $0.62 per
  share
— — — (560)— — — (560)— 
Preferred stock— — — (85)— — — (85)— 
Repurchase of common stock— — — — — (988)— (988)— 
Common stock issued under employee benefit plans— — 15 — — — — 15 — 
Preferred stock issued990 — — — — — — 990 — 
Stock awards and options exercised
— — 177 — — — — 177 — 
Balance at June 30, 2020$4,532 $14 $27,702 $33,224 $(1,943)$(19,832)$112 $43,809 (a)$157 
(a)    Includes total The Bank of New York Mellon Corporation common shareholders’ equity of $37,941 million at Dec. 31, 2019 and $39,165 million at June 30, 2020.


See accompanying unaudited Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
58 BNY Mellon
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
Note 1–Basis of presentation

In this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, references to “our,” “we,” “us,” “BNY Mellon,” the “Company” and similar terms refer to The Bank of New York Mellon Corporation and its consolidated subsidiaries. The term “Parent” refers to The Bank of New York Mellon Corporation but not to its subsidiaries.

Basis of presentation

The accounting and financial reporting policies of BNY Mellon, a global financial services company, conform to U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”) and prevailing industry practices. For information on our significant accounting and reporting policies, see Note 1 in our 2020 Annual Report.

The accompanying consolidated financial statements are unaudited. In the opinion of management, all adjustments necessary, consisting of normal recurring adjustments, for a fair presentation of financial position, results of operations and cash flows for the periods presented have been made. These financial statements should be read in conjunction with our 2020 Annual Report.

In order to combine items of a similar nature within total revenue and to simplify our income statement presentation, in the first quarter of 2021, we made the following reporting changes. The reclassifications had no impact on consolidated total revenue or total revenue for the business segments. Prior periods were reclassified to be comparable with the current period presentation.
•Other trading revenue was reclassified from foreign exchange and other trading revenue to investment and other income.
•Foreign exchange and other trading revenue was renamed foreign exchange revenue.
•The impact of foreign currency remeasurement was reclassified from investment and other income to foreign exchange revenue.
•Income (loss) from consolidated investment management funds was reclassified to investment and other income.
•Investment and other income was reclassified from fee revenue to other revenue. Other revenue includes investment and other income and net securities gains (losses).

In addition, the assets and liabilities of consolidated investment management funds were reclassified to other assets and other liabilities, respectively, on the consolidated balance sheet. The reclassifications had no impact on total assets or total liabilities. Prior periods were reclassified to be comparable with the current period presentation.

The table below summarizes the effects of the reclassifications on the consolidated income statement.

Consolidated income statement reclassificationsQuarter endedYear-to-date
June 30, 2020June 30, 2020
(in millions)
Before reclassifications
Foreign exchange and other trading revenue$166 $485 
Total fee revenue$3,167 $6,490 
Investment and other income$105 $116 
Income from consolidated investment management funds$54 $16 
After reclassifications
Foreign exchange revenue$193 $438 
Total fee revenue$3,089 $6,327 
Investment and other income$132 $179 


The table below summarizes the effects of the reclassifications on the business segments.

Business segment reclassifications
(in millions)YTD20
Investment Services business
Before reclassifications
Foreign exchange and other trading revenue$439 
Other revenue$291 
After reclassifications
Foreign exchange revenue$392 
Other revenue$338 
Other segment
Before reclassifications
Fee revenue$50 
Net securities gains$18 
After reclassifications
Fee revenue$16 
Other revenue$52 
BNY Mellon 59
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)
Certain additional immaterial reclassifications have been made to prior periods to place them on a basis comparable with the current period presentation.

Use of estimates

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates based upon assumptions about future economic and market conditions which affect reported amounts and related disclosures in our financial statements. Although our current estimates contemplate current conditions and how we expect them to change in the future, it is reasonably possible that actual conditions could be worse than anticipated in those estimates, which could materially affect our results of operations and financial condition.

Note 2–Acquisitions and dispositions

In the fourth quarter of 2020, BNY Mellon entered into agreements to sell two legal entities, with one of the sales closing in the first quarter of 2021 and the other closing in July 2021. BNY Mellon recorded a total after-tax loss of $34 million on these transactions in the fourth quarter of 2020.

Note 3–Securities

The following tables present the amortized cost, the gross unrealized gains and losses and the fair value of securities at June 30, 2021 and Dec. 31, 2020.

Securities at June 30, 2021Gross
unrealized		Fair
value
Amortized cost
(in millions)GainsLosses
Available-for-sale:
U.S. Treasury$24,731 $881 $175 $25,437 
Agency residential mortgage-backed securities (“RMBS”)17,522 366 45 17,843 
Sovereign debt/sovereign guaranteed13,093 128 26 13,195 
Supranational8,066 44 15 8,095 
Agency commercial mortgage-backed securities (“MBS”)7,377 483 6 7,854 
Foreign covered bonds6,752 46 5 6,793 
Collateralized loan obligations (“CLOs”)5,137 6 4 5,139 
U.S. government agencies3,242 118 10 3,350 
Non-agency commercial MBS3,181 110 11 3,280 
Foreign government agencies2,693 20 5 2,708 
State and political subdivisions2,595 24 13 2,606 
Non-agency RMBS (a)
2,341 149 13 2,477 
Other asset-backed securities (“ABS”)2,446 17 7 2,456 
Corporate bonds2,348 35 36 2,347 
Other debt securities1 — — 1 
Total securities available-for-sale (b)(c)
$101,525 $2,427 $371 $103,581 
Held-to-maturity:
Agency RMBS$35,632 $673 $201 $36,104 
U.S. Treasury9,381 72 9 9,444 
Agency commercial MBS3,983 77 15 4,045 
U.S. government agencies2,204 2 34 2,172 
Sovereign debt/sovereign guaranteed1,005 28 2 1,031 
Supranational55 — — 55 
Non-agency RMBS50 3 — 53 
State and political subdivisions15 — — 15 
Total securities held-to-maturity$52,325 $855 $261 $52,919 
Total securities$153,850 $3,282 $632 $156,500 
(a)    Includes $416 million that was included in the former Grantor Trust.
(b)    The amortized cost of available-for-sale securities is net of the allowance for credit loss of $9 million. The allowance for credit loss primarily relates to CLOs.
(c)    Includes gross unrealized gains of $225 million and gross unrealized losses of $85 million recorded in accumulated other comprehensive income related to securities that were transferred from available-for-sale to held-to-maturity. The unrealized gains are primarily related to agency commercial MBS and losses are primarily related to U.S. Treasury securities and agency RMBS and will be amortized into net interest revenue over the contractual lives of the securities.
60 BNY Mellon
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)
Securities at Dec. 31, 2020Gross
unrealized
Amortized costFair
value
(in millions)GainsLosses
Available-for-sale:
U.S. Treasury$23,557 $1,358 $21 $24,894 
Agency RMBS21,919 479 51 22,347 
Sovereign debt/sovereign guaranteed
12,202 190 1 12,391 
Agency commercial MBS
8,605 625 2 9,228 
Supranational7,086 75 1 7,160 
Foreign covered bonds
6,658 68 1 6,725 
CLOs4,706 7 10 4,703 
Foreign government agencies
4,086 49 — 4,135 
U.S. government agencies
3,680 174 1 3,853 
Other ABS
3,135 32 3 3,164 
Non-agency commercial MBS
2,864 159 6 3,017 
Non-agency RMBS (a)
2,178 157 9 2,326 
State and political subdivisions
2,270 39 1 2,308 
Corporate bonds1,945 50 1 1,994 
Commercial paper/certificates of deposit (“CDs”)249 — — 249 
Other debt securities1 — — 1 
Total securities available-for-sale (b)(c)
$105,141 $3,462 $108 $108,495 
Held-to-maturity:
Agency RMBS$38,355 $1,055 $14 $39,396 
U.S. Treasury2,938 90 — 3,028 
U.S. government agencies
2,816 4 6 2,814 
Agency commercial MBS
2,659 105 2 2,762 
Sovereign debt/sovereign guaranteed
1,050 42 — 1,092 
Non-agency RMBS58 3 — 61 
Supranational
55 — — 55 
State and political subdivisions
15 1 — 16 
Total securities held-to-maturity
$47,946 $1,300 $22 $49,224 
Total securities$153,087 $4,762 $130 $157,719 
(a)    Includes $487 million that was included in the former Grantor Trust.
(b)    The amortized cost of available-for-sale securities is net of the allowance for credit loss of $11 million. The allowance for credit loss primarily relates to CLOs.
(c)    Includes gross unrealized gains of $75 million and gross unrealized losses of $44 million recorded in accumulated other comprehensive income related to securities that were transferred from available-for-sale to held-to-maturity. The unrealized gains are primarily related to agency commercial MBS and losses are primarily related to agency RMBS and will be amortized into net interest revenue over the contractual lives of the securities.
The following table presents the realized gains and losses, on a gross basis.

Net securities gains (losses)
(in millions)2Q211Q212Q20YTD21YTD20
Realized gross gains$6 $12 $16 $18 $28 
Realized gross losses(4)(12)(7)(16)(10)
Total net securities gains$2 $— $9 $2 $18 


The following table presents pre-tax net securities gains (losses) by type.

Net securities gains (losses)
(in millions)2Q211Q212Q20YTD21YTD20
Supranational$— $— $6 $— $6 
U.S. Treasury— (4)1 (4)6 
Other2 4 2 6 6 
Total net securities gains$2 $— $9 $2 $18 


In the second quarter of 2021, U.S. Treasury securities and agency commercial MBS with an aggregate amortized cost of $5.95 billion and fair value of $5.96 billion were transferred from available-for-sale securities to held-to-maturity securities to reduce the impact of changes in interest rates on accumulated other comprehensive income.

Allowance for credit losses – Securities

The allowance for credit losses related to securities was $10 million at June 30, 2021 and $11 million at Dec. 31, 2020, and primarily relates to the available-for-sale CLO portfolio.

Credit quality indicators – Securities

At June 30, 2021, the gross unrealized losses on the securities portfolio were primarily attributable to an increase in credit spreads from the date of purchase, and for certain securities that were transferred from available-for-sale to held-to-maturity, an increase in interest rates through the date they were transferred. Specifically, $85 million of the unrealized losses at June 30, 2021 and $44 million at Dec. 31, 2020 reflected in the available-for-sale sections of the tables below relate to certain securities (primarily U.S. Treasury securities and agency RMBS) that were transferred in the second quarter of 2021 and prior periods from available-for-sale to held-to-maturity. The unrealized losses will be amortized into net
BNY Mellon 61
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)
interest revenue over the contractual lives of the securities. The transfer created a new cost basis for the securities. As a result, if these securities have experienced unrealized losses since the date of transfer, the corresponding fair value and unrealized losses would be reflected in the held-to-maturity securities portfolio in the following tables. We do not intend to sell these securities, and it is not more likely than not that we will have to sell these securities.
The following tables show the aggregate fair value of available-for-sale securities with a continuous unrealized loss position for less than 12 months and those that have been in a continuous unrealized loss position for 12 months or more without an allowance for credit losses.

Available-for-sale securities in an unrealized loss position without an allowance for credit losses at June 30, 2021 (a)
Less than 12 months12 months or moreTotal
Fair
value		Unrealized
losses		Fair
value		Unrealized
losses		Fair
value		Unrealized
losses
(in millions)
Agency RMBS$1,303 $10 $520 $35 $1,823 $45 
U.S. Treasury5,451 175 — — 5,451 175 
Sovereign debt/sovereign guaranteed2,988 26 120 — 3,108 26 
Agency commercial MBS917 5 292 1 1,209 6 
Foreign covered bonds1,196 5 14 — 1,210 5 
Supranational1,603 15 133 — 1,736 15 
CLOs741 1 402 3 1,143 4 
Foreign government agencies793 5 — — 793 5 
U.S. government agencies1,155 10 — — 1,155 10 
Other ABS962 6 158 1 1,120 7 
Non-agency commercial MBS651 11 101 — 752 11 
Non-agency RMBS (b)
1,102 9 242 4 1,344 13 
State and political subdivisions1,043 13 15 — 1,058 13 
Corporate bonds1,403 36 — — 1,403 36 
Total securities available-for-sale (c)
$21,308 $327 $1,997 $44 $23,305 $371 
(a)    Includes $6.0 billion of securities with an unrealized loss of greater than $1 million.
(b)    Includes $1 million of securities with an unrealized loss of less than $1 million for less than 12 months and $7 million of securities with an unrealized loss of less than $1 million for 12 months or more that were included in the former Grantor Trust.
(c)    Includes $50 million gross unrealized losses for less than 12 months and gross unrealized losses of $35 million for 12 months or more recorded in accumulated other comprehensive income related to securities that were transferred from available-for-sale to held-to-maturity. The unrealized losses are primarily related to U.S. Treasury securities and agency RMBS and will be amortized into net interest revenue over the contractual lives of the securities.


62 BNY Mellon
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)
Available-for-sale securities in an unrealized loss position without an allowance for credit losses at Dec. 31, 2020 (a)
Less than 12 months12 months or moreTotal
Fair
value		Unrealized
losses		Fair
value		Unrealized
losses		Fair
value		Unrealized
losses
(in millions)
Available-for-sale:
Agency RMBS$850 $4 $1,965 $47 $2,815 $51 
U.S. Treasury4,253 21 — — 4,253 21 
Sovereign debt/sovereign guaranteed1,349 1 135 — 1,484 1 
Agency commercial MBS440 1 266 1 706 2 
Foreign covered bonds468 1 90 — 558 1 
Supranational1,041 1 132 — 1,173 1 
CLOs1,849 6 579 4 2,428 10 
U.S. government agencies160 1 — — 160 1 
Other ABS449 2 226 1 675 3 
Non-agency commercial MBS468 4 170 2 638 6 
Non-agency RMBS (b)
973 3 103 6 1,076 9 
State and political subdivisions273 1 2 — 275 1 
Corporate bonds282 1 — — 282 1 
Total securities available-for-sale (c)
$12,855 $47 $3,668 $61 $16,523 $108 
(a)    Includes $1.6 billion of securities with an unrealized loss of greater than $1 million.
(b)    Includes $16 million of securities with an unrealized loss of less than $1 million for less than 12 months and $2 million of securities with an unrealized loss of less than $1 million for 12 months or more that were included in the former Grantor Trust.
(c)    Includes gross unrealized losses of $44 million for 12 months or more recorded in accumulated other comprehensive income related to securities that were transferred from available-for-sale to held-to-maturity. The unrealized losses are primarily related to agency RMBS and will be amortized into net interest revenue over the contractual lives of the securities. There were no gross unrealized losses for less than 12 months.


The following tables show the credit quality of the held-to-maturity securities. We have included certain credit ratings information because the information can indicate the degree of credit risk to which we are exposed. Significant changes in ratings classifications could indicate increased credit risk for us and could be accompanied by an increase in the allowance for credit losses and/or a reduction in the fair value of our securities portfolio.

Held-to-maturity securities portfolio at June 30, 2021
Ratings (a)
Net unrealized gain (loss)BB+
and
lower		A1+/A2/SP-1
(dollars in millions)Amortized
cost		AAA/
AA-		A+/
A-		BBB+/
BBB-		Not
rated
Agency RMBS
$35,632 $472 100 %— %— %— %— %— %
U.S. Treasury9,381 63 100 — — — — — 
U.S. government agencies
2,204 (32)100 — — — — — 
Agency commercial MBS
3,983 62 100 — — — — — 
Sovereign debt/sovereign guaranteed (b)
1,005 26 100 — — — — — 
Non-agency RMBS50 3 24 59 1 15 — 1 
Supranational55 — 100 — — — — — 
State and political subdivisions
15 — 5 2 5 — — 88 
Total held-to-maturity securities
$52,325 $594 100 %— %— %— %— %— %
(a)    Represents ratings by Standard & Poor’s (“S&P”) or the equivalent.
(b)    Primarily consists of exposure to France, UK and Germany.


BNY Mellon 63
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)
Held-to-maturity securities portfolio at Dec. 31, 2020
Ratings (a)
Net unrealized gain (loss)BB+
and
lower		A1+/A2/SP-1
(dollars in millions)Amortized
cost		AAA/
AA-		A+/
A-		BBB+/
BBB-		Not
rated
Agency RMBS$38,355 $1,041 100 %— %— %— %— %— %
U.S. Treasury2,938 90 100 — — — — — 
U.S. government agencies2,816 (2)100 — — — — — 
Agency commercial MBS2,659 103 100 — — — — — 
Sovereign debt/sovereign guaranteed (b)
1,050 42 98 — — — 2 — 
Non-agency RMBS58 3 28 55 2 14 — 1 
Supranational55 — 100 — — — — — 
State and political subdivisions15 1 6 2 6 — — 86 
Total held-to-maturity securities$47,946 $1,278 100 %— %— %— %— %— %
(a)    Represents ratings by Standard & Poor’s (“S&P”) or the equivalent.
(b)    Primarily consists of exposure to France, UK and Germany.


Maturity distribution

The following table shows the maturity distribution by carrying amount and yield (on a tax equivalent basis) of our securities portfolio.

Maturity distribution and yields on securities at June 30, 2021
U.S. TreasuryU.S. government
agencies		State and political
subdivisions		Other bonds, notes and debenturesMortgage/
asset-backed
(dollars in millions)Amount
Yield (a)
Amount
Yield (a)
Amount
Yield (a)
Amount
Yield (a)
Amount
Yield (a)
Total
Securities available-for-sale:
One year or less$2,881 1.57 %$45 0.20 %$382 1.90 %$8,424 0.49 %$— — %$11,732 
Over 1 through 5 years8,494 1.25 1,808 0.88 540 2.64 18,877 0.52 — — 29,719 
Over 5 through 10 years11,183 1.28 1,358 2.39 1,378 1.53 5,667 0.79 — — 19,586 
Over 10 years2,879 3.11 139 1.98 306 2.28 171 0.54 — — 3,495 
Mortgage-backed securities— — — — — — — — 31,454 2.24 31,454 
Asset-backed securities— — — — — — — — 7,595 1.44 7,595 
Total$25,437 1.51 %$3,350 1.53 %$2,606 1.91 %$33,139 0.56 %$39,049 2.09 %$103,581 
Securities held-to-maturity:
One year or less$1,379 1.91 %$— — %$1 5.54 %$48 0.24 %$— — %$1,428 
Over 1 through 5 years4,831 0.97 408 0.66 1 5.69 930 0.69 — — 6,170 
Over 5 through 10 years3,171 1.18 1,513 1.08 — — 82 0.60 — — 4,766 
Over 10 years— — 283 2.16 13 4.75 — — — — 296 
Mortgage-backed securities— — — — — — — — 39,665 2.32 39,665 
Total$9,381 1.18 %$2,204 1.14 %$15 4.89 %$1,060 0.66 %$39,665 2.32 %$52,325 
(a)    Yields are based upon the amortized cost of securities and do not reflect the impact of hedging.


Pledged assets

At June 30, 2021, BNY Mellon had pledged assets of $141 billion, including $111 billion pledged as collateral for potential borrowings at the Federal Reserve Discount Window and $7 billion pledged as collateral for borrowing at the Federal Home Loan Bank. The components of the assets pledged at June 30, 2021 included $123 billion of securities, $13 billion of loans, $5 billion of trading assets and less than $1 billion of interest-bearing deposits with banks.

If there has been no borrowing at the Federal Reserve Discount Window, the Federal Reserve generally
allows banks to freely move assets in and out of their pledged assets account to sell or repledge the assets for other purposes. BNY Mellon regularly moves assets in and out of its pledged assets account at the Federal Reserve.

At Dec. 31, 2020, BNY Mellon had pledged assets of $141 billion, including $113 billion pledged as collateral for potential borrowing at the Federal Reserve Discount Window and $5 billion pledged as collateral for borrowing at the Federal Home Loan Bank. The components of the assets pledged at Dec. 31, 2020 included $124 billion of securities, $11 billion of loans, $6 billion of trading assets and less
64 BNY Mellon
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)
than $1 billion of interest-bearing deposits with banks.

At June 30, 2021 and Dec. 31, 2020, pledged assets included $22 billion and $18 billion, respectively, for which the recipients were permitted to sell or repledge the assets delivered.

We also obtain securities as collateral, including receipts under resale agreements, securities borrowed, derivative contracts and custody agreements, on terms which permit us to sell or repledge the securities to others. At June 30, 2021 and Dec. 31, 2020, the market value of the securities received that can be sold or repledged was $111 billion and $121 billion, respectively. We routinely sell or repledge these securities through delivery to third parties. As of June 30, 2021 and Dec. 31, 2020, the market value of securities collateral sold or repledged was $65 billion and $84 billion, respectively.

Restricted cash and securities

Cash and securities may be segregated under federal and other regulations or requirements. At June 30, 2021 and Dec. 31, 2020, cash segregated under federal and other regulations or requirements was $4 billion and $3 billion, respectively. Restricted cash is included in interest-bearing deposits with banks on the consolidated balance sheet. Securities segregated under federal and other regulations or requirements were $2 billion at June 30, 2021 and $6 billion at Dec. 31, 2020. Restricted securities were sourced from securities purchased under resale agreements and are included in federal funds sold and securities purchased under resale agreements on the consolidated balance sheet.

Note 4–Loans and asset quality

Loans

The table below provides the details of our loan portfolio.

LoansJune 30, 2021Dec. 31, 2020
(in millions)
Domestic:
Commercial$1,653 $1,356 
Commercial real estate5,888 6,056 
Financial institutions4,544 4,495 
Lease financings356 431 
Wealth management loans and mortgages
17,358 16,211 
Other residential mortgages339 389 
Overdrafts1,409 651 
Other2,009 1,823 
Margin loans17,022 13,141 
Total domestic50,578 44,553 
Foreign:
Commercial16 73 
Commercial real estate161 — 
Financial institutions6,188 6,750 
Lease financings567 559 
Wealth management loans and mortgages
174 146 
Other (primarily overdrafts)2,962 2,113 
Margin loans2,901 2,275 
Total foreign12,969 11,916 
Total loans (a)
$63,547 $56,469 
(a)    Net of unearned income of $255 million at June 30, 2021 and $274 million at Dec. 31, 2020 primarily related to domestic and foreign lease financings.


Our loan portfolio consists of three portfolio segments: commercial, lease financings and mortgages. We manage our portfolio at the class level, which consists of six classes of financing receivables: commercial, commercial real estate, financial institutions, lease financings, wealth
management loans and mortgages and other residential mortgages.

The following tables are presented for each class of financing receivables and provide additional information about our credit risks.
BNY Mellon 65
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)
Allowance for credit losses

Activity in the allowance for credit losses on loans and lending-related commitments is presented below. This does not include activity in the allowance for credit losses related to other financial instruments,
including cash and due from banks, interest-bearing deposits with banks, federal funds sold and securities purchased under resale agreements, held-to-maturity securities, available-for-sale securities and accounts receivable.

Allowance for credit losses activity for the quarter ended June 30, 2021
Wealth management loans and mortgagesOther
residential
mortgages
(in millions)CommercialCommercial
real estate		Financial
institutions		Lease
financings		Total
Beginning balance$11 $365 $7 $2 $6 $9 $400 
Charge-offs— — — — — (1)(1)
Recoveries— — 2 — — 1 3 
Net recoveries— — 2 — — — 2 
Provision (a)
(3)(76)(2)— (1)(1)(83)
Ending balance (b)
$8 $289 $7 $2 $5 $8 $319 
Allowance for:
Loan losses$3 $248 $4 $2 $4 $8 $269 
Lending-related commitments5 41 3 — 1 — 50 
Individually evaluated for impairment:
Loan balance (c)
$— $26 $— $— $17 $1 $44 
Allowance for loan losses— 3 — — — — 3 
(a)    Does not include the provision for credit losses benefit related to other financial instruments of $3 million for the second quarter 2021.
(b)    Includes $4 million of allowance for credit losses related to foreign loans, primarily financial institutions.
(c)    Includes collateral-dependent loans of $44 million with $50 million of collateral at fair value.


Allowance for credit losses activity for the quarter ended March 31, 2021
Wealth management loans and mortgagesOther
residential
mortgages
(in millions)CommercialCommercial
real estate		Financial
institutions		Lease
financings		Total
Beginning balance$16 $430 $10 $2 $8 $13 $479 
Charge-offs— — — — (1)— (1)
Recoveries— — — — — 2 2 
Net (charge-offs) recoveries— — — — (1)2 1 
Provision (a)
(5)(65)(3)— (1)(6)(80)
Ending balance (b)
$11 $365 $7 $2 $6 $9 $400 
Allowance for:
Loan losses$4 $303 $4 $2 $5 $9 $327 
Lending-related commitments7 62 3 — 1 — 73 
Individually evaluated for impairment:
Loan balance (c)
$— $26 $— $— $18 $1 $45 
Allowance for loan losses— 5 — — — — 5 
(a)    Does not include the provision for credit losses benefit related to other financial instruments of $3 million for the first quarter 2021.
(b)    Includes $3 million of allowance for credit losses related to foreign loans, primarily financial institutions.
(c)    Includes collateral-dependent loans of $45 million with $59 million of collateral at fair value.


66 BNY Mellon
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)
Allowance for credit losses activity for the quarter ended June 30, 2020
Wealth management loans and mortgagesOther
residential
mortgages		Total
(in millions)CommercialCommercial
real estate		Financial
institutions		Lease
financings
Beginning balance$26 $208 $18 $13 $9 $14 $288 
Charge-offs— — — — — — — 
Recoveries— — — — — 3 3 
Net recoveries— — — — — 3 3 
Provision (a)
14 164 (2)(10)2 (5)163 
Ending balance (b)
$40 $372 $16 $3 $11 $12 $454 
Allowance for:
Loan losses$23 $244 $11 $3 $9 $12 $302 
Lending-related commitments17 128 5 — 2 — 152 
Individually evaluated for impairment:
Loan balance (c)
$— $— $— $— $18 $— $18 
Allowance for loan losses— — — — — — — 
(a)    Does not include the provision for credit losses benefit related to other financial instruments of $20 million for the second quarter 2020.
(b)    Includes $11 million of allowance for credit losses related to foreign loans, primarily financial institutions.
(c)    Includes collateral-dependent loans of $18 million with $26 million of collateral at fair value.


Allowance for credit losses activity for the six months ended June 30, 2021Wealth management loans and mortgagesOther
residential
mortgages		Total
(in millions)CommercialCommercial
real estate		Financial
institutions		Lease
financings
Beginning balance$16 $430 $10 $2 $8 $13 $479 
Charge-offs— — — — (1)(1)(2)
Recoveries— — 2 — — 3 5 
Net recoveries (charge-offs)— — 2 — (1)2 3 
Provision (a)
(8)(141)(5)— (2)(7)(163)
Ending balance$8 $289 $7 $2 $5 $8 $319 
(a)    Does not include provision for credit losses benefit related to other financial instruments of $6 million for the six months ended June 30, 2021.


Allowance for credit losses activity for the six months ended June 30, 2020Wealth management loans and mortgagesOther
residential
mortgages		ForeignTotal
(in millions)CommercialCommercial
real estate		Financial
institutions		Lease
financings
Balance at Dec. 31, 2019$60 $76 $20 $3 $20 $13 $24 $216 
Impact of adopting ASU 2016-13
(43)14 (6)— (12)2 (24)(69)
Balance at Jan. 1, 202017 90 14 3 8 15 — 147 
Charge-offs— — — — — — — — 
Recoveries— — — — — 3 — 3 
Net recoveries— — — — — 3 — 3 
Provision (a)
23 282 2 — 3 (6)— 304 
Ending balance$40 $372 $16 $3 $11 $12 $— $454 
(a)    Does not include provision for credit losses related to other financial instruments of $8 million for the six months ended June 30, 2020.

BNY Mellon 67
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)
Nonperforming assets

The table below presents our nonperforming assets.

Nonperforming assetsJune 30, 2021Dec. 31, 2020
Recorded investmentRecorded investment
With an
allowance		Without an allowanceWith an
allowance		Without an allowance
(in millions)TotalTotal
Nonperforming loans:
Other residential mortgages$38 $1 $39 $57 $— $57 
Wealth management loans and mortgages
6 18 24 10 20 30 
Commercial real estate26 — 26 1 — 1 
Total nonperforming loans70 19 89 68 20 88 
Other assets owned— 1 1 — 1 1 
Total nonperforming assets
$70 $20 $90 $68 $21 $89 


At June 30, 2021, undrawn commitments to borrowers whose loans were classified as nonaccrual or reduced rate were not material.


Past due loans

The table below presents our past due loans.

Past due loans and still accruing interestJune 30, 2021Dec. 31, 2020
 Days past dueTotal
past due		Days past dueTotal
past due
(in millions)30-5960-89≥9030-5960-89≥90
Wealth management loans and mortgages$27 $1 $— $28 $54 $1 $— $55 
Commercial real estate21 — — 21 19 16 — 35 
Other residential mortgages3 — — 3 3 1 — 4 
Financial institutions— — — — 11 — — 11 
Total past due loans$51 $1 $— $52 $87 $18 $— $105 


Loan modifications

Due to the coronavirus pandemic, there have been two forms of relief provided for classifying loans as TDRs: The Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act (the “CARES Act”), the relevant provisions of which were extended by the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2021, and the Interagency Guidance. See Note 1 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in our 2020 Annual Report for additional details on the CARES Act, Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2021, and Interagency Guidance. Financial institutions may account for eligible loan modifications either under the CARES Act or the Interagency Guidance. The
Company has elected to apply both the CARES Act and the Interagency Guidance, as applicable, in providing borrowers with loan modification relief in response to the coronavirus pandemic. We modified loans of $3 million in the second quarter of 2021, $282 million in the second quarter of 2020 and $6 million in the first quarter of 2021. Nearly all of the modifications were short-term loan payment forbearances or modified principal and/or interest payments. These loans were primarily residential mortgage and commercial real estate loans. We did not identify any of the modifications as TDRs. At June 30, 2021, the unpaid principal balance of the loans modified under the CARES Act or Interagency Guidance was $77 million.
68 BNY Mellon
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)
Credit quality indicators

Our credit strategy is to focus on investment-grade clients that are active users of our non-credit services. Each customer is assigned an internal credit rating, which is mapped to an external rating agency grade equivalent, if possible, based upon a number of dimensions, which are continually evaluated and may change over time.

The tables below provide information about the credit profile of the loan portfolio by the period of origination.

Credit profile of the loan portfolioJune 30, 2021
Revolving loans
Originated, at amortized costAmortized costConverted to term loans – Amortized costAccrued
interest
receivable
(in millions)YTD212020201920182017Prior to 2017
Total (a)
Commercial:
Investment grade$583 $20 $— $— $207 $57 $635 $— $1,502 
Non-investment grade94 23 — — — — 50 — 167 
Total commercial677 43 — — 207 57 685 — 1,669 $1 
Commercial real estate:
Investment grade1,161 450 818 116 279 556 378 — 3,758 
Non-investment grade652 153 605 402 76 222 155 26 2,291 
Total commercial real estate1,813 603 1,423 518 355 778 533 26 6,049 7 
Financial institutions:
Investment grade514 101 — — — 82 8,233 — 8,930 
Non-investment grade37 — — — — — 1,765 — 1,802 
Total financial institutions551 101 — — — 82 9,998 — 10,732 13 
Wealth management loans and mortgages:
Investment grade58 16 75 5 153 144 9,063 — 9,514 
Non-investment grade2 — — — — — 38 — 40 
Wealth management mortgages988 1,063 929 583 1,012 3,374 29 — 7,978 
Total wealth management loans and mortgages
1,048 1,079 1,004 588 1,165 3,518 9,130 — 17,532 27 
Lease financings17 92 16 11 6 781 — — 923 — 
Other residential mortgages— — — — — 339 — — 339 1 
Other loans— — — — — — 2,064 — 2,064 1 
Margin loans5,408 1,900 — — — — 12,615 — 19,923 8 
Total loans$9,514 $3,818 $2,443 $1,117 $1,733 $5,555 $35,025 $26 $59,231 $58 
(a)    Excludes overdrafts of $4,316 million. Overdrafts occur on a daily basis primarily in the custody and securities clearance business and are generally repaid within two business days.

BNY Mellon 69
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)
Credit profile of the loan portfolioDec. 31, 2020
Revolving loans
Originated, at amortized costAmortized costConverted to term loans – Amortized costAccrued
interest
receivable
(in millions)20202019201820172016Prior to 2016
Total (a)
Commercial:
Investment grade$128 $18 $71 $420 $57 $— $493 $— $1,187 
Non-investment grade142 — 6 — — — 94 — 242 
Total commercial270 18 77 420 57 — 587 — 1,429 $2 
Commercial real estate:
Investment grade778 1,010 458 543 312 346 127 — 3,574 
Non-investment grade285 619 643 159 376 144 229 27 2,482 
Total commercial real estate1,063 1,629 1,101 702 688 490 356 27 6,056 8 
Financial institutions:
Investment grade132 146 47 125 13 156 8,760 — 9,379 
Non-investment grade84 36 — — — — 1,746 — 1,866 
Total financial institutions216 182 47 125 13 156 10,506 — 11,245 12 
Wealth management loans and mortgages:
Investment grade18 85 11 147 59 112 7,786 — 8,218 
Non-investment grade— — — — — — 54 — 54 
Wealth management mortgages1,117 1,044 637 1,188 1,515 2,546 38 — 8,085 
Total wealth management loans and mortgages1,135 1,129 648 1,335 1,574 2,658 7,878 — 16,357 27 
Lease financings116 18 14 9 20 813 — — 990 — 
Other residential mortgages— — — — — 389 — — 389 1 
Other loans— — — — — — 1,904 — 1,904 1 
Margin loans4,614 — — — — — 10,802 — 15,416 8 
Total loans$7,414 $2,976 $1,887 $2,591 $2,352 $4,506 $32,033 $27 $53,786 $59 
(a)    Excludes overdrafts of $2,683 million. Overdrafts occur on a daily basis primarily in the custody and securities clearance business and are generally repaid within two business days.


Commercial

The commercial loan portfolio is divided into investment grade and non-investment grade categories based on the assigned internal credit ratings, which are generally consistent with those of the public rating agencies. Customers with ratings consistent with BBB- (S&P)/Baa3 (Moody’s) or better are considered to be investment grade. Those clients with ratings lower than this threshold are considered to be non-investment grade.

Commercial real estate

Our income-producing commercial real estate facilities are focused on experienced owners and are structured with moderate leverage based on existing cash flows. Our commercial real estate lending activities also include construction and renovation facilities.

Financial institutions

Financial institution exposures are high quality, with 96% of the exposures meeting the investment grade equivalent criteria of our internal credit rating classification at June 30, 2021. In addition, 71% of the financial institutions exposure is secured. For example, securities industry clients and asset managers often borrow against marketable securities held in custody. The exposure to financial institutions is generally short-term, with 87% expiring within one year.

Wealth management loans and mortgages

Wealth management non-mortgage loans are not typically rated by external rating agencies. A majority of the wealth management loans are secured by the customers’ investment management accounts or custody accounts. Eligible assets pledged for these loans are typically investment grade fixed-income securities, equities and/or mutual funds. Internal ratings for this portion of the wealth management portfolio, therefore, would equate to investment grade
70 BNY Mellon
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)
external ratings. Wealth management loans are provided to select customers based on the pledge of other types of assets, including business assets, fixed assets or a modest amount of commercial real estate. For the loans collateralized by other assets, the credit quality of the obligor is carefully analyzed, but we do not consider this portfolio of loans to be investment grade.

Credit quality indicators for wealth management mortgages are not correlated to external ratings. Wealth management mortgages are typically loans to high-net-worth individuals, which are secured primarily by residential property. These loans are primarily interest-only, adjustable rate mortgages with a weighted-average loan-to-value ratio of 62% at origination. Delinquency rate is a key indicator of credit quality in the wealth management portfolio. At June 30, 2021, less than 1% of the mortgages were past due.

At June 30, 2021, the wealth management mortgage portfolio consisted of the following geographic concentrations: California – 22%; New York – 16%; Massachusetts – 9%; Florida – 9%; and other – 44%.

Lease financings

At June 30, 2021, the lease financings portfolio consisted of exposures backed by well-diversified assets, primarily real estate and large-ticket transportation equipment. The largest component of our lease residual value exposure is freight-related rail cars. Assets are both domestic and foreign-based, with primary concentrations in Germany and the U.S.

Other residential mortgages

The other residential mortgages portfolio primarily consists of 1-4 family residential mortgage loans and
totaled $339 million at June 30, 2021 and $389 million at Dec. 31, 2020. These loans are not typically correlated to external ratings. Included in this portfolio at June 30, 2021 were $59 million of mortgage loans purchased in 2005, 2006 and the first quarter of 2007.

Overdrafts

Overdrafts primarily relate to custody and securities clearance clients and totaled $4.3 billion at June 30, 2021 and $2.7 billion at Dec. 31, 2020. Overdrafts occur on a daily basis and are generally repaid within two business days.

Other loans

Other loans primarily include loans to consumers that are fully collateralized with equities, mutual funds and fixed-income securities.

Margin loans

We had $19.9 billion of secured margin loans at June 30, 2021, compared with $15.4 billion at Dec. 31, 2020. Margin loans are collateralized with marketable securities, and borrowers are required to maintain a daily collateral margin in excess of 100% of the value of the loan. We have rarely suffered a loss on these types of loans.

Reverse repurchase agreements

Reverse repurchase agreements at June 30, 2021 were fully secured with high quality collateral. As a result, there was no allowance for credit losses related to these assets at June 30, 2021.

BNY Mellon 71
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)
Note 5–Goodwill and intangible assets

Goodwill

The tables below provide a breakdown of goodwill by business.

Goodwill by business

(in millions)
Investment
Services		Investment
and Wealth
Management		OtherConsolidated
Balance at Dec. 31, 2020$8,456 $9,040 $— $17,496 
Dispositions— (5)— (5)
Foreign currency translation(21)17 — (4)
Balance at June 30, 2021$8,435 $9,052 $— $17,487 


Goodwill by business

(in millions)
Investment
Services		Investment
and Wealth
Management		OtherConsolidated
Balance at Dec. 31, 2019$8,332 $9,007 $47 $17,386 
Foreign currency translation(24)(109)— (133)
Other (a)
47 — (47)— 
Balance at June 30, 2020$8,355 $8,898 $— $17,253 
(a)    Reflects the transfer of goodwill associated with Capital Markets business.


Intangible assets

The tables below provide a breakdown of intangible assets by business.

Intangible assets – net carrying amount by business

(in millions)
Investment
Services		Investment and Wealth ManagementOtherConsolidated
Balance at Dec. 31, 2020$608 $1,555 $849 $3,012 
Disposition— (6)— (6)
Amortization(29)(15)— (44)
Foreign currency translation— 2 — 2 
Balance at June 30, 2021$579 $1,536 $849 $2,964 


Intangible assets – net carrying amount by business
(in millions)
Investment
Services		Investment and Wealth ManagementOtherConsolidated
Balance at Dec. 31, 2019$678 $1,580 $849 $3,107 
Amortization(36)(16)— (52)
Foreign currency translation— (10)— (10)
Balance at June 30, 2020$642 $1,554 $849 $3,045 


72 BNY Mellon
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)
The table below provides a breakdown of intangible assets by type.

Intangible assetsJune 30, 2021Dec. 31, 2020
(in millions)Gross
carrying
amount		Accumulated
amortization		Net
carrying
amount		Remaining
weighted-
average
amortization
period		Gross
carrying
amount		Accumulated
amortization		Net
carrying
amount
Subject to amortization: (a)
Customer contracts—Investment Services$1,060 $(853)$207 10 years$1,435 $(1,199)$236 
Customer relationships—Investment and Wealth Management697 (573)124 9 years705 (564)141 
Other58 (18)40 14 years59 (15)44 
Total subject to amortization1,815 (1,444)371 10 years2,199 (1,778)421 
Not subject to amortization: (b)
Tradename1,295 N/A1,295 N/A1,295 N/A1,295 
Customer relationships1,298 N/A1,298 N/A1,296 N/A1,296 
Total not subject to amortization2,593 N/A2,593 N/A2,591 N/A2,591 
Total intangible assets$4,408 $(1,444)$2,964 N/A$4,790 $(1,778)$3,012 
(a)    Excludes fully amortized intangible assets.
(b)    Intangible assets not subject to amortization have an indefinite life.
N/A – Not applicable.


Estimated annual amortization expense for current intangibles for the next five years is as follows:

For the year ended
Dec. 31,
Estimated amortization expense
(in millions)
2021$81 
202263 
202353 
202445 
202538 


Impairment testing

The goodwill impairment test is performed at least annually at the reporting unit level. Intangible assets not subject to amortization are tested for impairment annually or more often if events or circumstances indicate they may be impaired.

BNY Mellon’s three business segments include six reporting units for which goodwill impairment testing is performed on an annual basis. The Investment Services segment is comprised of four reporting units and the Investment and Wealth Management segment is comprised of two reporting units. As a result of the annual goodwill impairment test of the six reporting units conducted in the second quarter of 2021, no goodwill impairment was recognized.

Note 6–Other assets

The following table provides the components of other assets presented on the consolidated balance sheet.

Other assetsJune 30, 2021Dec. 31, 2020
(in millions)
Corporate/bank-owned life insurance$5,327 $5,301 
Accounts receivable4,693 3,619 
Fails to deliver3,911 1,371 
Software1,944 1,884 
Prepaid pension assets1,646 1,556 
Equity in a joint venture and other investments1,331 1,259 
Qualified affordable housing project investments1,096 1,145 
Renewable energy investments1,090 1,206 
Income taxes receivable738 599 
Assets of consolidated investment management funds561 487 
Prepaid expense561 477 
Federal Reserve Bank stock475 479 
Seed capital271 215 
Fair value of hedging derivatives77 19 
Other (a)
1,612 1,338 
Total other assets$25,333 $20,955 
(a)    At June 30, 2021 and Dec. 31, 2020, other assets include $7 million and $7 million, respectively, of Federal Home Loan Bank stock, at cost.


Non-readily marketable equity securities

Non-readily marketable equity securities do not have readily determinable fair values. These investments are valued using a measurement alternative where the
BNY Mellon 73
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)
investments are carried at cost, less any impairment, and plus or minus changes resulting from observable price changes in orderly transactions for an identical or similar investment of the same issuer. The observable price changes are recorded in investment and other income on the consolidated income statement. Our non-readily marketable equity securities totaled $144 million at June 30, 2021 and $129 million at Dec. 31, 2020 and are included in equity in a joint venture and other investments in the table above.

The following table presents the adjustments on the non-readily marketable equity securities.

Adjustments on non-readily marketable equity securitiesLife-to-date
(in millions)2Q211Q212Q20YTD21YTD20
Upward adjustments$6 $— $2 $6 $6 $59 
Downward adjustments— — — — — (4)
Net adjustments$6 $— $2 $6 $6 $55 


Qualified affordable housing project investments

We invest in affordable housing projects primarily to satisfy the Company’s requirements under the Community Reinvestment Act. Our total investment in qualified affordable housing projects totaled $1.1 billion at June 30, 2021 and Dec. 31, 2020. Commitments to fund future investments in qualified affordable housing projects totaled $450 million at June 30, 2021 and $514 million at Dec. 31, 2020 and are recorded in other liabilities on the consolidated balance sheet. A summary of the commitments to
fund future investments is as follows: 2021 – $132 million; 2022 – $110 million; 2023 – $151 million; 2024 – $36 million; 2025 – $1 million; and 2026 and thereafter – $20 million.

Tax credits and other tax benefits recognized were $38 million in the second quarter of 2021, $38 million in the first quarter of 2021, $38 million in the second quarter of 2020, $76 million in the first six months of 2021 and $76 million in the first six months of 2020.

Amortization expense included in the provision for income taxes was $32 million in the second quarter of 2021, $32 million in the first quarter of 2021, $31 million in the second quarter of 2020, $64 million in the first six months of 2021 and $62 million in the first six months of 2020.

Investments valued using net asset value (“NAV”) per share

In our Investment and Wealth Management business, we make seed capital investments in certain funds we manage. We also hold private equity investments, specifically small business investment companies (“SBICs”), which are compliant with the Volcker Rule, and certain other corporate investments. Seed capital, private equity and other corporate investments are included in other assets on the consolidated balance sheet. The fair value of certain of these investments was estimated using the NAV per share for our ownership interest in the funds.


The table below presents information on our investments valued using NAV.

Investments valued using NAVJune 30, 2021Dec. 31, 2020
(in millions)Fair valueUnfunded 
commitments		Fair valueUnfunded
commitments
Seed capital (a)
$57 $17 $52 $22 
Private equity investments (SBICs) (b)
110 57 102 52 
Other (c)
46 — 47 — 
Total$213 $74 $201 $74 
(a)    Primarily includes leveraged loans and structured credit funds, which are generally not redeemable. Distributions from such investments will be received as the underlying investments in the funds, which have lives of three to 11 years at both June 30, 2021 and Dec. 31, 2020, are liquidated.
(b)    Private equity investments include Volcker Rule-compliant investments in SBICs that invest in various sectors of the economy. Private equity investments do not have redemption rights. Distributions from such investments will be received as the underlying investments in the private equity investments, which have a life of 10 years, are liquidated.
(c)    Primarily includes investments in funds that relate to deferred compensation arrangements with employees. Investments in funds can be redeemed on a monthly to quarterly basis with redemption notice periods of up to 95 days.
74 BNY Mellon
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)
Note 7–Contract revenue

Fee and other revenue in Investment Services and Investment and Wealth Management is primarily variable, based on levels of assets under custody and/or administration, assets under management and the level of client-driven transactions, as specified in fee schedules. See Note 10 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in our 2020 Annual Report for information on the nature of our services and revenue recognition. See Note 24 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in our 2020 Annual Report for additional information on our principal businesses, Investment Services and
Investment and Wealth Management, and the primary services provided.

Disaggregation of contract revenue

Contract revenue is included in fee and other revenue on the consolidated income statement. The following table presents fee and other revenue, disaggregated by type, related to contracts with customers for each business segment. Business segment data has been determined on an internal management basis of accounting, rather than GAAP, which is used for consolidated financial reporting.

Disaggregation of contract revenue by business segment
Quarter ended
June 30, 2021March 31, 2021June 30, 2020
(in millions)ISIWMOtherTotalISIWMOtherTotalISIWMOtherTotal
Fee and other revenue – contract revenue:
Investment services fees:
Asset servicing fees$1,175 $24 $(16)$1,183 $1,175 $25 $(18)$1,182 $1,147 $25 $(15)$1,157 
Clearing services fees435 — — 435 455 — — 455 431 — — 431 
Issuer services fees281 — — 281 245 — — 245 277 — — 277 
Treasury services fees164 — (1)163 159 — 1 160 144 — 1 145 
Total investment services
fees
2,055 24 (17)2,062 2,034 25 (17)2,042 1,999 25 (14)2,010 
Investment management and performance fees4 870 (4)870 4 883 (5)882 4 792 (5)791 
Financing-related fees16 — — 16 20 — — 20 23 1 — 24 
Distribution and servicing— 28 (1)27 1 28 — 29 (7)34 — 27 
Investment and other income32 (7)— 25 36 (11)— 25 62 (41)3 24 
Total fee and other revenue – contract revenue2,107 915 (22)3,000 2,095 925 (22)2,998 2,081 811 (16)2,876 
Fee and other revenue – not in scope of Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 606 (a)(b)
229 37 44 310 250 18 (5)263 258 27 54 339 
Total fee and other revenue$2,336 $952 $22 $3,310 $2,345 $943 $(27)$3,261 $2,339 $838 $38 $3,215 
(a)    Primarily includes asset servicing fees, foreign exchange revenue, financing-related fees, investment and other income (loss) and net securities gains (losses), all of which are accounted for using other accounting guidance.
(b)    The revenue in the Investment and Wealth Management business segment is net of income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interests related to consolidated investment management funds of $5 million in the second quarter of 2021 and first quarter of 2021 and $15 million in the second quarter of 2020.
IS – Investment Services business segment.
IWM – Investment and Wealth Management business segment.


BNY Mellon 75
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)
Disaggregation of contract revenue by business segment
Year-to-date
June 30, 2021June 30, 2020
(in millions)ISIWMOtherTotalISIWMOtherTotal
Fee and other revenue – contract revenue:
Investment services fees:
Asset servicing fees$2,350 $49 $(34)$2,365 $2,274 $48 $(26)$2,296 
Clearing services fees890 — — 890 901 — — 901 
Issuer services fees526 — — 526 540 — — 540 
Treasury services fees323 — — 323 293 — 1 294 
Total investment services fees4,089 49 (34)4,104 4,008 48 (25)4,031 
Investment management and performance fees8 1,753 (9)1,752 9 1,654 (9)1,654 
Financing-related fees36 — — 36 51 1 — 52 
Distribution and servicing1 56 (1)56 (19)77 — 58 
Investment and other income68 (18)— 50 134 (91)3 46 
Total fee and other revenue – contract revenue4,202 1,840 (44)5,998 4,183 1,689 (31)5,841 
Fee and other revenue – not in scope of ASC 606 (a)(b)
479 55 39 573 592 (5)99 686 
Total fee and other revenue$4,681 $1,895 $(5)$6,571 $4,775 $1,684 $68 $6,527 
(a)    Primarily includes asset servicing fees, foreign exchange revenue, financing-related fees, investment and other income (loss) and net securities gains (losses), all of which are accounted for using other accounting guidance.
(b)    The revenue in the Investment and Wealth Management business segment is net of income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interests related to consolidated investment management funds of $10 million in the first six months of 2021 and $(3) million in the first six months of 2020.
IS – Investment Services business segment.
IWM – Investment and Wealth Management business segment.


Contract balances

Our clients are billed based on fee schedules that are agreed upon in each customer contract. Receivables from customers were $2.7 billion at June 30, 2021 and $2.4 billion at Dec. 31, 2020.

Contract assets represent accrued revenues that have not yet been billed to the customers due to certain contractual terms other than the passage of time and were $113 million at June 30, 2021 and $32 million at Dec. 31, 2020. Accrued revenues recorded as contract assets are usually billed on an annual basis.

Both receivables from customers and contract assets are included in other assets on the consolidated balance sheet.

Contract liabilities represent payments received in advance of providing services under certain contracts and were $189 million at June 30, 2021 and $167 million at Dec. 31, 2020. Contract liabilities are included in other liabilities on the consolidated balance sheet. Revenue recognized in the second quarter of 2021 relating to contract liabilities as of March 31, 2021 was $67 million. Revenue recognized in the first six months of 2021 relating to contract liabilities as of Dec. 31, 2020 was $83 million.
Changes in contract assets and liabilities primarily relate to either party’s performance under the contracts.

Contract costs

Incremental costs for obtaining contracts that are deemed recoverable are capitalized as contract costs. Such costs result from the payment of sales incentives, primarily in the Wealth Management business, and totaled $67 million at June 30, 2021 and $73 million at Dec. 31, 2020. Capitalized sales incentives are amortized based on the transfer of goods or services to which the assets relate and typically average nine years. The amortization of capitalized sales incentives, which is primarily included in staff expense on the consolidated income statement, totaled $5 million in the second quarter of 2021, second quarter of 2020 and first quarter of 2021 and $10 million in the first six months of 2021 and first six months of 2020.

Costs to fulfill a contract are capitalized when they relate directly to an existing contract or a specific anticipated contract, generate or enhance resources that will be used to fulfill performance obligations, and are recoverable. Such costs generally represent set-up costs, which include any direct cost incurred at the inception of a contract which enables the
76 BNY Mellon
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)
fulfillment of the performance obligation, and totaled $18 million at June 30, 2021 and $15 million at Dec. 31, 2020. These capitalized costs are amortized on a straight-line basis over the expected contract period, which generally ranges from seven to nine years. The amortization is included in professional, legal and other purchased services and other expenses on the consolidated income statement and totaled less than $1 million in the second quarter of 2021, $2 million in the second quarter of 2020, less than $1 million in the first quarter of 2021, $1 million in the first six months of 2021 and $3 million in the first six months of 2020.
Unsatisfied performance obligations

We do not have any unsatisfied performance obligations other than those that are subject to a practical expedient election under ASC 606, Revenue From Contracts With Customers. The practical expedient election applies to (i) contracts with an original expected length of one year or less, and (ii) contracts for which we recognize revenue at the amount to which we have the right to invoice for services performed.


Note 8–Net interest revenue

The following table provides the components of net interest revenue presented on the consolidated income statement.

Net interest revenueQuarter endedYear-to-date
(in millions)June 30, 2021March 31, 2021June 30, 2020June 30, 2021June 30, 2020
Interest revenue
Deposits with the Federal Reserve and other central banks$(25)$(16)$(7)$(41)$73 
Deposits with banks11 14 40 25 98 
Federal funds sold and securities purchased under resale agreements25 32 61 57 457 
Margin loans49 45 40 94 127 
Non-margin loans188 185 230 373 539 
Securities:
Taxable415 450 556 865 1,150 
Exempt from federal income taxes11 9 6 20 12 
Total securities426 459 562 885 1,162 
Trading securities11 19 17 30 57 
Total interest revenue685 738 943 1,423 2,513 
Interest expense
Deposits(49)(37)(17)(86)223 
Federal funds purchased and securities sold under repurchase agreements(5)(3)1 (8)276 
Trading liabilities2 3 2 5 9 
Other borrowed funds1 2 7 3 11 
Commercial paper— — 1 — 7 
Customer payables— (1)(1)(1)29 
Long-term debt91 119 170 210 364 
Total interest expense40 83 163 123 919 
Net interest revenue645 655 780 1,300 1,594 
Provision for credit losses(86)(83)143 (169)312 
Net interest revenue after provision for credit losses$731 $738 $637 $1,469 $1,282 


BNY Mellon 77
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)
Note 9–Employee benefit plans

The components of net periodic benefit (credit) cost are presented below. The service cost component is reflected in staff expense, whereas the remaining components are reflected in other expense.

Net periodic benefit (credit) cost
Quarter ended
June 30, 2021March 31, 2021June 30, 2020
(in millions)Domestic pension benefitsForeign pension benefitsHealth care benefitsDomestic pension benefitsForeign pension benefitsHealth care benefitsDomestic pension benefitsForeign pension benefitsHealth care benefits
Service cost$— $3 $— $— $4 $— $— $3 $— 
Interest cost34 7 1 34 6 1 39 6 1 
Expected return on assets(75)(8)(1)(75)(9)(2)(79)(9)(2)
Other24 3 — 25 4 — 21 3 — 
Net periodic benefit (credit) cost
$(17)$5 $— $(16)$5 $(1)$(19)$3 $(1)


Net periodic benefit (credit) costYear-to-date
June 30, 2021June 30, 2020
(in millions)Domestic pension benefitsForeign pension benefitsHealth care benefitsDomestic pension benefitsForeign pension benefitsHealth care benefits
Service cost$— $7 $— $— $6 $— 
Interest cost68 13 2 78 13 2 
Expected return on assets(150)(17)(3)(159)(19)(3)
Other49 7 — 43 6 (1)
Net periodic benefit (credit) cost$(33)$10 $(1)$(38)$6 $(2)


Note 10–Income taxes

BNY Mellon recorded an income tax provision of $241 million (19.0% effective tax rate) in the second quarter of 2021, $216 million (18.3% effective tax rate) in the second quarter of 2020 and $221 million (19.2% effective tax rate) in the first quarter of 2021.

Our total tax reserves as of June 30, 2021 were $117 million compared with $119 million at Dec. 31, 2020. If these tax reserves were unnecessary, $117 million would affect the effective tax rate in future periods. We recognize accrued interest and penalties, if applicable, related to income taxes in income tax expense. Included in the balance sheet at June 30, 2021 is accrued interest, where applicable, of $31 million. The additional tax expense related to interest for the six months ended June 30, 2021 was $4 million, compared with $3 million for the six months ended June 30, 2020.

It is reasonably possible the total reserve for uncertain tax positions could decrease within the next 12 months by approximately $1 million as a result of adjustments related to tax years that are still subject to examination.
Our federal income tax returns are closed to examination through 2016. Our New York State income tax returns are closed to examination through 2014. Our New York City income tax returns are closed to examination through 2012. Our UK income tax returns are closed to examination through 2018.


Note 11–Variable interest entities and securitization

We have variable interests in variable interest entities (“VIEs”), which include investments in retail, institutional and alternative investment funds, including CLO structures in which we provide asset management services, some of which are consolidated.

We earn management fees from these funds as well as performance fees in certain funds and may also provide start-up capital for new funds. The funds are primarily financed by our customers’ investments in the funds’ equity or debt.

Additionally, we invest in qualified affordable housing and renewable energy projects, which are designed to generate a return primarily through the
78 BNY Mellon
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)
realization of tax credits. The projects, which are structured as limited partnerships and limited liability companies, are also VIEs, but are not consolidated.

The following table presents the incremental assets and liabilities included in the consolidated balance
sheet as of June 30, 2021 and Dec. 31, 2020. The net assets of any consolidated VIE are solely available to settle the liabilities of the VIE and to settle any investors’ ownership liquidation requests, including any seed capital we invested in the VIE.


Consolidated investmentsJune 30, 2021Dec. 31, 2020
(in millions)Investment
Management
funds		SecuritizationTotal
consolidated
investments		Investment
Management
funds		SecuritizationTotal
consolidated
investments
Trading assets$544 $400 $944 $482 $400 $882 
Other assets17 — 17 5 — 5 
Total assets$561 (a)$400 $961 $487 (b)$400 $887 
Other liabilities$7 $400 $407 $3 $400 $403 
Total liabilities$7 (a)$400 $407 $3 (b)$400 $403 
Nonredeemable noncontrolling interests$344 (a)$— $344 $143 (b)$— $143 
(a)    Includes voting model entities (“VMEs”) with assets of $160 million, liabilities of $2 million and nonredeemable noncontrolling interests of $40 million.
(b)    Includes VMEs with assets of $314 million, liabilities of $3 million and nonredeemable noncontrolling interests of $76 million.


We have not provided financial or other support that was not otherwise contractually required to be provided to our VIEs. Additionally, creditors of any consolidated VIEs do not have any recourse to the general credit of BNY Mellon.

Non-consolidated VIEs

As of June 30, 2021 and Dec. 31, 2020, the following assets and liabilities related to the VIEs where we are
not the primary beneficiary were included in our consolidated balance sheets and primarily related to accounting for our investments in qualified affordable housing and renewable energy projects.

The maximum loss exposure indicated in the following table relates solely to our investments in, and unfunded commitments to, the VIEs.

Non-consolidated VIEsJune 30, 2021Dec. 31, 2020
(in millions)AssetsLiabilitiesMaximum
loss exposure		AssetsLiabilitiesMaximum
loss exposure
Securities – Available-for-sale (a)
$212 $— $212 $217 $— $217 
Other2,400 450 2,865 2,565 514 3,096 
(a)    Includes investments in the Company’s sponsored CLOs.


BNY Mellon 79
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)
Note 12–Preferred stock

The Parent has 100 million authorized shares of preferred stock with a par value of $0.01 per share. The following table summarizes the Parent’s preferred stock issued and outstanding at June 30, 2021 and Dec. 31, 2020.

Preferred stock summary (a)
Total shares issued and outstanding
Carrying value (b)
(in millions)
June 30, 2021Dec. 31, 2020June 30, 2021Dec. 31, 2020
Per annum dividend rate
Series A
Greater of (i) three-month LIBOR plus 0.565% for the related distribution period or (ii) 4.000%
5,001 5,001 $500 $500 
Series D
4.500% to but excluding June 20, 2023, then a floating rate equal to the three-month LIBOR plus 2.46%
5,000 5,000 494 494 
Series E
4.950% to but excluding June 20, 2020, then a floating rate equal to the three-month LIBOR plus 3.42%
10,000 10,000 990 990 
Series F
4.625% to but excluding Sept. 20, 2026, then a floating rate equal to the three-month LIBOR plus 3.131%
10,000 10,000 990 990 
Series G
4.700% to but excluding Sept. 20, 2025, then a floating rate equal to the five-year treasury rate plus 4.358%
10,000 10,000 990 990 
Series H
3.700% to but excluding March 20, 2026, then a floating rate equal to the five-year treasury rate plus 3.352%
5,825 5,825 577 577 
Total45,826 45,826 $4,541 $4,541 
(a)    All outstanding preferred stock is noncumulative perpetual preferred stock with a liquidation preference of $100,000 per share.
(b)    The carrying value of the Series D, Series E, Series F, Series G and Series H preferred stock is recorded net of issuance costs.


The table below presents the dividends paid on the Parent’s preferred stock.

Preferred dividends paid
(dollars in millions, except per share amounts)Depositary shares
per share		2Q211Q212Q20YTD21YTD20
Per shareTotal
dividend		Per shareTotal
dividend		Per shareTotal
dividend		Per shareTotal
dividend		Per shareTotal
dividend
Series A100 (a)$1,011.11 $5 $1,011.11 $5 $1,022.22 $5 $2,022.22 $10 $2,033.33 $10 
Series C4,000 N/AN/AN/AN/A1,300.00 8 N/AN/A2,600.00 16 
Series D100 2,250.00 11 N/A— 2,250.00 11 2,250.00 11 2,250.00 11 
Series E100 911.68 9 924.82 9 2,475.00 25 1,836.50 18 2,475.00 25 
Series F100 N/A— 2,315.50 23 N/A— 2,315.50 23 2,312.50 23 
Series G100 N/A— 2,350.00 24 N/A— 2,350.00 24 N/A— 
Series H100 925.00 6 1,408.06 8 N/AN/A2,333.06 14 N/AN/A
Total$31 $69 $49 $100 $85 
(a)    Represents Normal Preferred Capital Securities.
N/A – Not applicable.


In December 2020, all of the outstanding shares of the Series C preferred stock were redeemed.

All of the outstanding shares of the Series A preferred stock are owned by Mellon Capital IV, a 100% owned finance subsidiary of the Parent, which will pass through any dividend on the Series A preferred stock to the holders of its Normal Preferred Capital Securities. The Parent’s obligations under the trust and other agreements relating to Mellon Capital IV
have the effect of providing a full and unconditional guarantee, on a subordinated basis, of payments due on the Normal Preferred Capital Securities. No other subsidiary of the Parent guarantees the securities of Mellon Capital IV.

For additional information on the preferred stock, see Note 15 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in our 2020 Annual Report.

80 BNY Mellon
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)
Note 13–Other comprehensive income (loss)

Components of other comprehensive income (loss)Quarter ended
June 30, 2021March 31, 2021June 30, 2020
(in millions)Pre-tax
amount		Tax
(expense)
benefit		After-tax
amount		Pre-tax
amount		Tax
(expense)
benefit		After-tax
amount		Pre-tax
amount		Tax
(expense)
benefit		After-tax
amount
Foreign currency translation:
Foreign currency translation adjustments arising during the period (a)
$38 $13 $51 $(127)$(23)$(150)$104 $11 $115 
Total foreign currency translation38 13 51 (127)(23)(150)104 11 115 
Unrealized gain (loss) on assets available-for-sale:
Unrealized gain (loss) arising during period106 (29)77 (926)223 (703)989 (236)753 
Reclassification adjustment (b)
(2)1 (1)— — — (9)2 (7)
Net unrealized gain (loss) on assets available-for-sale104 (28)76 (926)223 (703)980 (234)746 
Defined benefit plans:
Amortization of prior service credit, net loss and initial obligation included in net periodic benefit cost (b)
27 (2)25 28 (6)22 24 (5)19 
Total defined benefit plans27 (2)25 28 (6)22 24 (5)19 
Unrealized (loss) gain on cash flow hedges:
Unrealized hedge gain arising during period— — — 1 — 1 3 (1)2 
Reclassification of net loss (gain) to net income:
FX contracts – staff expense(4)1 (3)(5)1 (4)3 (1)2 
Total reclassifications to net income(4)1 (3)(5)1 (4)3 (1)2 
Net unrealized (loss) gain on cash flow hedges(4)1 (3)(4)1 (3)6 (2)4 
Total other comprehensive income (loss)$165 $(16)$149 $(1,029)$195 $(834)$1,114 $(230)$884 
(a)    Includes the impact of hedges of net investments in foreign subsidiaries. See Note 16 for additional information.
(b)    The reclassification adjustment related to the unrealized gain (loss) on assets available-for-sale is recorded as net securities gains on the consolidated income statement. The amortization of prior service credit, net loss and initial obligation included in net periodic benefit cost is recorded as other expense on the consolidated income statement.


Components of other comprehensive income (loss)Year-to-date
June 30, 2021June 30, 2020
(in millions)Pre-tax
amount		Tax
(expense)
benefit		After-tax
amount		Pre-tax
amount		Tax
(expense)
benefit		After-tax
amount
Foreign currency translation:
Foreign currency translation adjustments arising during the period (a)
$(89)$(10)$(99)$(161)$(93)$(254)
Total foreign currency translation(89)(10)(99)(161)(93)(254)
Unrealized (loss) gain on assets available-for-sale:
Unrealized (loss) gain arising during period(820)194 (626)1,232 (296)936 
Reclassification adjustment (b)
(2)1 (1)(18)4 (14)
Net unrealized (loss) gain on assets available-for-sale(822)195 (627)1,214 (292)922 
Defined benefit plans:
Amortization of prior service credit, net loss and initial obligation included in net periodic benefit cost (b)
55 (8)47 48 (11)37 
Total defined benefit plans55 (8)47 48 (11)37 
Unrealized gain (loss) on cash flow hedges:
Unrealized hedge gain (loss) arising during period1 — 1 (10)2 (8)
Reclassification of net (gains) losses to net income:
FX contracts – staff expense(9)2 (7)2 (1)1 
Total reclassifications to net income(9)2 (7)2 (1)1 
Net unrealized (loss) on cash flow hedges(8)2 (6)(8)1 (7)
Total other comprehensive (loss) income$(864)$179 $(685)$1,093 $(395)$698 
(a)    Includes the impact of hedges of net investments in foreign subsidiaries. See Note 16 for additional information.
(b)    The reclassification adjustment related to the unrealized gain (loss) on assets available-for-sale is recorded as net securities gains on the consolidated income statement. The amortization of prior service credit, net loss and initial obligation included in net periodic benefit cost is recorded as other expense on the consolidated income statement.


BNY Mellon 81
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)
Note 14–Fair value measurement

Fair value is defined as the price that would be received to sell an asset, or paid to transfer a liability, in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. A three-level hierarchy for fair value measurements is utilized based upon the transparency of inputs to the valuation of an asset or liability as of the measurement date. BNY Mellon’s own creditworthiness is considered when valuing liabilities. See Note 20 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in our 2020 Annual Report for
information on how we determine fair value and the fair value hierarchy.

The following tables present the financial instruments carried at fair value at June 30, 2021 and Dec. 31, 2020, by caption on the consolidated balance sheet and by the three-level valuation hierarchy. We have included credit ratings information in certain of the tables because the information indicates the degree of credit risk to which we are exposed, and significant changes in ratings classifications could result in increased risk for us.

Assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis at June 30, 2021
Total carrying
value
(dollars in millions)Level 1Level 2Level 3
Netting (a)
Assets:
Available-for-sale securities:
U.S. Treasury$25,437 $— $— $— $25,437 
Agency RMBS— 17,843 — — 17,843 
Sovereign debt/sovereign guaranteed5,734 7,461 — — 13,195 
Supranational— 8,095 — — 8,095 
Agency commercial MBS— 7,854 — — 7,854 
Foreign covered bonds— 6,793 — — 6,793 
CLOs— 5,139 — — 5,139 
U.S. government agencies— 3,350 — — 3,350 
Non-agency commercial MBS— 3,280 — — 3,280 
Foreign government agencies— 2,708 — — 2,708 
State and political subdivisions— 2,606 — — 2,606 
Non-agency RMBS (b)
— 2,477 — — 2,477 
Other ABS— 2,456 — — 2,456 
Corporate bonds— 2,347 — — 2,347 
Other debt securities— 1 — — 1 
Total available-for-sale securities31,171 72,410 — — 103,581 
Trading assets:
Debt instruments1,752 1,449 — — 3,201 
Equity instruments (c)
7,542 — — — 7,542 
Derivative assets not designated as hedging:
Interest rate4 3,670 — (1,601)2,073 
Foreign exchange— 6,774 — (4,073)2,701 
Equity and other contracts1 5 — (3)3 
Total derivative assets not designated as hedging5 10,449 — (5,677)4,777 
Total trading assets9,299 11,898 — (5,677)15,520 
Other assets:
Derivative assets designated as hedging:
Foreign exchange— 77 — — 77 
Total derivative assets designated as hedging— 77 — — 77 
Other assets (d)
494 438 — — 932 
Total other assets494 515 — — 1,009 
Assets measured at NAV (d)
213 
Total assets$40,964 $84,823 $— $(5,677)$120,323 
Percentage of total assets prior to netting33 %67 %— %
82 BNY Mellon
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)
Liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis at June 30, 2021
Total carrying
value
(dollars in millions)Level 1Level 2Level 3
Netting (a)
Liabilities:
Trading liabilities:
Debt instruments$3,536 $39 $— $— $3,575 
Equity instruments121 — — — 121 
Derivative liabilities not designated as hedging:
Interest rate2 3,162 — (2,063)1,101 
Foreign exchange— 6,175 — (4,531)1,644 
Equity and other contracts3 94 — (87)10 
Total derivative liabilities not designated as hedging5 9,431 — (6,681)2,755 
Total trading liabilities3,662 9,470 — (6,681)6,451 
Long-term debt (c)
— 400 — — 400 
Other liabilities:
Derivative liabilities designated as hedging:
Interest rate— 469 — — 469 
Foreign exchange— 106 — — 106 
Total derivative liabilities designated as hedging— 575 — — 575 
Other liabilities 1 6 — — 7 
Total other liabilities1 581 — — 582 
Total liabilities$3,663 $10,451 $— $(6,681)$7,433 
Percentage of total liabilities prior to netting26 %74 %— %
(a)    ASC 815, Derivatives and Hedging, permits the netting of derivative receivables and derivative payables under legally enforceable master netting agreements and permits the netting of cash collateral. Netting is applicable to derivatives not designated as hedging instruments included in trading assets or trading liabilities and derivatives designated as hedging instruments included in other assets or other liabilities. Netting is allocated to the derivative products based on the net fair value of each product.
(b)    Includes $416 million in Level 2 that was included in the former Grantor Trust.
(c)    Includes certain interests in securitizations.
(d)    Includes seed capital, private equity investments and other assets.
BNY Mellon 83
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)
Assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis at Dec. 31, 2020
Total carrying
value
(dollars in millions)Level 1Level 2Level 3
Netting (a)
Assets:
Available-for-sale securities:
U.S. Treasury$24,894 $— $— $— $24,894 
Agency RMBS— 22,347 — — 22,347 
Sovereign debt/sovereign guaranteed5,909 6,482 — — 12,391 
Agency commercial MBS— 9,228 — — 9,228 
Supranational— 7,160 — — 7,160 
Foreign covered bonds— 6,725 — — 6,725 
CLOs— 4,703 — — 4,703 
Foreign government agencies— 4,135 — — 4,135 
U.S. government agencies— 3,853 — — 3,853 
Other ABS— 3,164 — — 3,164 
Non-agency commercial MBS— 3,017 — — 3,017 
Non-agency RMBS (b)
— 2,326 — — 2,326 
State and political subdivisions— 2,308 — — 2,308 
Corporate bonds— 1,994 — — 1,994 
Commercial paper/CDs— 249 — — 249 
Other debt securities— 1 — — 1 
Total available-for-sale securities30,803 77,692 — — 108,495 
Trading assets:
Debt instruments1,803 3,868 — — 5,671 
Equity instruments (c)
5,775 — — — 5,775 
Derivative assets not designated as hedging:
Interest rate5 4,477 — (1,952)2,530 
Foreign exchange— 7,688 — (6,392)1,296 
Equity and other contracts— 2 — (2)— 
Total derivative assets not designated as hedging5 12,167 — (8,346)3,826 
Total trading assets7,583 16,035 — (8,346)15,272 
Other assets:
Derivative assets designated as hedging:
Foreign exchange— 19 — — 19 
Total derivative assets designated as hedging— 19 — — 19 
Other assets (d)
504 285 — — 789 
Total other assets504 304 — — 808 
Assets measured at NAV (d)
201 
Total assets$38,890 $94,031 $— $(8,346)$124,776 
Percentage of total assets prior to netting29 %71 %— %

84 BNY Mellon
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)
Liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis at Dec. 31, 2020
Total carrying
value
(dollars in millions)Level 1Level 2Level 3
Netting (a)
Liabilities:
Trading liabilities:
Debt instruments$2,287 $35 $— $— $2,322 
Equity instruments11 — — — 11 
Derivative liabilities not designated as hedging:
Interest rate2 3,878 — (2,348)1,532 
Foreign exchange— 7,622 — (5,484)2,138 
Equity and other contracts7 34 — (13)28 
Total derivative liabilities not designated as hedging9 11,534 — (7,845)3,698 
Total trading liabilities2,307 11,569 — (7,845)6,031 
Long-term debt (c)
— 400 — — 400 
Other liabilities:
Derivative liabilities designated as hedging:
Interest rate— 666 — — 666 
Foreign exchange— 441 — — 441 
Total derivative liabilities designated as hedging— 1,107 — — 1,107 
Other liabilities1 2 — — 3 
Total other liabilities1 1,109 — — 1,110 
Total liabilities$2,308 $13,078 $— $(7,845)$7,541 
Percentage of total liabilities prior to netting15 %85 %— %
(a)    ASC 815, Derivatives and Hedging, permits the netting of derivative receivables and derivative payables under legally enforceable master netting agreements and permits the netting of cash collateral. Netting is applicable to derivatives not designated as hedging instruments included in trading assets or trading liabilities and derivatives designated as hedging instruments included in other assets or other liabilities. Netting is allocated to the derivative products based on the net fair value of each product.
(b)    Includes $487 million in Level 2 that was included in the former Grantor Trust.
(c)    Includes certain interests in securitizations.
(d)    Includes seed capital, private equity investments and other assets.

BNY Mellon 85
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)
Details of certain available-for-sale securities measured at fair value on a recurring basis
June 30, 2021Dec. 31, 2020
Total
carrying
value
Ratings (a)
Total
carrying value
Ratings (a)
AAA/
AA-		A+/
A-		BBB+/
BBB-		BB+ and
lower		AAA/
AA-		A+/
A-		BBB+/
BBB-		BB+ and
lower
(dollars in millions)(b)(b)
Non-agency RMBS (c), originated in:
2008-2021$1,828 100 %— %— %— %$1,548 100 %— %— %— %
2007135 — 4 — 96 179 12 3 — 85 
2006207 — 24 — 76 237 — 23 — 77 
2005193 3 6 1 90 227 3 — 7 90 
2004 and earlier114 18 9 5 68 135 19 10 11 60 
Total non-agency RMBS$2,477 75 %3 %— %22 %$2,326 69 %3 %1 %27 %
Non-agency commercial MBS originated in:
2009-2021$3,280 99 %1 %— %— %$3,017 99 %1 %— %— %
Foreign covered bonds:
Canada$2,294 100 %— %— %— %$2,552 100 %— %— %— %
UK1,313 100 — — — 1,259 100 — — — 
Australia866 100 — — — 951 100 — — — 
Norway719 100 — — — 703 100 — — — 
Germany625 100 — — — 494 100 — — — 
Other976 100 — — — 766 100 — — — 
Total foreign covered bonds$6,793 100 %— %— %— %$6,725 100 %— %— %— %
Sovereign debt/sovereign guaranteed:
Germany$3,429 100 %— %— %— %$2,222 100 %— %— %— %
France1,898 100 — — — 1,697 100 — — — 
Italy1,724 — — 100 — 2,010 — — 100 — 
Singapore1,209 100 — — — 984 100 — — — 
Spain1,081 — 9 91 — 1,920 — 5 95 — 
UK1,041 100 — — — 1,089 100 — — — 
Canada662 100 — — — 572 100 — — — 
Hong Kong472 100 — — — 29 100 — — — 
Japan 399 — 100 — — 408 — 100 — — 
Netherlands350 100 — — — 491 100 — — — 
Austria293 100 — — — 256 100 — — — 
Ireland241 — 100 — — 252 — 100 — — 
Other (d)
396 67 — — 33 461 73 — — 27 
Total sovereign debt/sovereign guaranteed$13,195 73 %6 %20 %1 %$12,391 62 %6 %31 %1 %
Foreign government agencies:
Netherlands$916 100 %— %— %— %$847 100 %— %— %— %
Canada543 77 23 — — 511 75 25 — — 
France283 100 — — — 305 100 — — — 
Sweden276 100 — — — 281 100 — — — 
Norway251 100 — — — 273 100 — — — 
Finland196 100 — — — 225 100 — — — 
Germany30 100 — — — 1,473 100 — — — 
Other213 54 46 — — 220 55 45 — — 
Total foreign government agencies$2,708 92 %8 %— %— %$4,135 95 %5 %— %— %
(a)    Represents ratings by S&P or the equivalent.
(b)    At June 30, 2021 and Dec. 31, 2020, sovereign debt/sovereign guaranteed securities were included in Level 1 and Level 2 in the valuation hierarchy. All other assets in the table are Level 2 assets in the valuation hierarchy.
(c)    Includes $416 million at June 30, 2021 and $487 million at Dec. 31, 2020 that were included in the former Grantor Trust.
(d)    Includes non-investment grade sovereign debt/sovereign guaranteed securities related to Brazil of $129 million at June 30, 2021 and $125 million at Dec. 31, 2020.



86 BNY Mellon
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)
Assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis

Under certain circumstances, we make adjustments to the fair value of our assets, liabilities and unfunded lending-related commitments, although they are not measured at fair value on an ongoing basis. Examples would be the recording of an impairment of
an asset and non-readily marketable equity securities carried at cost with upward or downward adjustments.

The following table presents the financial instruments carried on the consolidated balance sheet by caption and level in the fair value hierarchy as of June 30, 2021 and Dec. 31, 2020.

Assets measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis
June 30, 2021Dec. 31, 2020
Total carrying
value		Total carrying
value
(in millions)Level 1Level 2Level 3Level 1Level 2Level 3
Loans (a)
$— $45 $— $45 $— $48 $— $48 
Other assets (b)
— 145 — 145 — 131 — 131 
Total assets at fair value on a nonrecurring basis$— $190 $— $190 $— $179 $— $179 
(a)    The fair value of these loans decreased less than $1 million in both the second quarter of 2021 and the fourth quarter of 2020, based on the fair value of the underlying collateral, as required by guidance in ASC 326, Financial Instruments – Credit Losses, with an offset to the allowance for credit losses.
(b)    Includes non-readily marketable equity securities carried at cost with upward or downward adjustments and other assets received in satisfaction of debt.


Estimated fair value of financial instruments

The following tables present the estimated fair value and the carrying amount of financial instruments not carried at fair value on the consolidated balance sheet at June 30, 2021 and Dec. 31, 2020, by caption on the consolidated balance sheet and by the valuation hierarchy.

Summary of financial instrumentsJune 30, 2021
(in millions)Level 1Level 2Level 3Total
estimated
fair value		Carrying
amount
Assets:
Interest-bearing deposits with the Federal Reserve and other central banks
$— $126,355 $— $126,355 $126,355 
Interest-bearing deposits with banks— 21,275 — 21,275 21,270 
Federal funds sold and securities purchased under resale agreements— 29,762 — 29,762 29,762 
Securities held-to-maturity10,475 42,444 — 52,919 52,325 
Loans (a)
— 62,517 — 62,517 62,355 
Other financial assets5,154 1,149 — 6,303 6,303 
Total$15,629 $283,502 $— $299,131 $298,370 
Liabilities:
Noninterest-bearing deposits$— $94,081 $— $94,081 $94,081 
Interest-bearing deposits— 243,703 — 243,703 244,589 
Federal funds purchased and securities sold under repurchase agreements— 12,425 — 12,425 12,425 
Payables to customers and broker-dealers— 23,704 — 23,704 23,704 
Borrowings— 642 — 642 642 
Long-term debt— 26,463 — 26,463 25,229 
Total$— $401,018 $— $401,018 $400,670 
(a)    Does not include the leasing portfolio.

BNY Mellon 87
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)
Summary of financial instrumentsDec. 31, 2020
(in millions)Level 1Level 2Level 3Total estimated
fair value		Carrying
amount
Assets:
Interest-bearing deposits with the Federal Reserve and other central banks
$— $141,775 $— $141,775 $141,775 
Interest-bearing deposits with banks— 17,310 — 17,310 17,300 
Federal funds sold and securities purchased under resale agreements— 30,907 — 30,907 30,907 
Securities held-to-maturity4,120 45,104 — 49,224 47,946 
Loans (a)
— 53,586 — 53,586 55,121 
Other financial assets6,252 1,160 — 7,412 7,412 
Total$10,372 $289,842 $— $300,214 $300,461 
Liabilities:
Noninterest-bearing deposits$— $83,854 $— $83,854 $83,854 
Interest-bearing deposits— 257,287 — 257,287 257,691 
Federal funds purchased and securities sold under repurchase agreements— 11,305 — 11,305 11,305 
Payables to customers and broker-dealers— 25,085 — 25,085 25,085 
Borrowings— 563 — 563 563 
Long-term debt— 27,306 — 27,306 25,584 
Total$— $405,400 $— $405,400 $404,082 
(a)    Does not include the leasing portfolio.


Note 15–Fair value option

We elected fair value as an alternative measurement for selected financial assets and liabilities that are not otherwise required to be measured at fair value, including the assets and liabilities of consolidated investment management funds and certain long-term debt. The following table presents the assets and liabilities of consolidated investment management funds, at fair value.

Assets and liabilities of consolidated investment
management funds, at fair value
June 30, 2021Dec. 31, 2020
(in millions)
Assets of consolidated investment management funds:
Trading assets$544 $482 
Other assets17 5 
Total assets of consolidated investment management funds$561 $487 
Liabilities of consolidated investment management funds:
Other liabilities7 3 
Total liabilities of consolidated investment management funds$7 $3 


BNY Mellon values the assets and liabilities of its consolidated investment management funds using quoted prices for identical assets or liabilities in active markets or observable inputs such as quoted
prices for similar assets or liabilities. Quoted prices for either identical or similar assets or liabilities in inactive markets may also be used. Accordingly, fair value best reflects the interests BNY Mellon holds in the economic performance of the consolidated investment management funds. Changes in the value of the assets and liabilities are recorded as income (loss) from consolidated investment management funds, which is included in investment and other income in the consolidated income statement.

We have elected the fair value option on $240 million of long-term debt. The fair value of this long-term debt was $400 million at June 30, 2021 and $400 million at Dec. 31, 2020. The long-term debt is valued using observable market inputs and is included in Level 2 of the valuation hierarchy.

The following table presents the changes in fair value of long-term debt recorded in other trading revenue which is included in investment and other income in the consolidated income statement.

Change in fair value of long-term debt (a)
(in millions)2Q211Q212Q20YTD21YTD20
Investment and other income – other trading revenue
$— $— $(2)$— $(12)
(a)    The changes in fair value are approximately offset by an economic hedge included in other trading revenue.


88 BNY Mellon
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)
Note 16–Derivative instruments

We use derivatives to manage exposure to market risk, including interest rate risk, equity price risk and foreign currency risk, as well as credit risk. Our trading activities are focused on acting as a market-maker for our customers and facilitating customer trades in compliance with the Volcker Rule.

The notional amounts for derivative financial instruments express the dollar volume of the transactions; however, credit risk is much smaller. We perform credit reviews and enter into netting agreements and collateral arrangements to minimize the credit risk of derivative financial instruments. We enter into offsetting positions to reduce exposure to foreign currency, interest rate and equity price risk.

Use of derivative financial instruments involves reliance on counterparties. Failure of a counterparty to honor its obligation under a derivative contract is a risk we assume whenever we engage in a derivative contract. There were no counterparty default losses recorded in the second quarter of 2021.

Hedging derivatives

We utilize interest rate swap agreements to manage our exposure to interest rate fluctuations. We enter into fair value hedges as an interest rate risk management strategy to reduce fair value variability by converting certain fixed rate interest payments associated with available-for-sale securities and long-term debt to floating interest rates. We also utilize interest rate swaps and forward exchange contracts as cash flow hedges to manage our exposure to interest rate and foreign exchange rate changes.

The available-for-sale securities hedged consist of U.S. Treasury, agency and non-agency commercial MBS, sovereign debt/sovereign guaranteed, corporate bonds and foreign covered bonds. At June 30, 2021, $24.4 billion par value of available-for-sale securities were hedged with interest rate swaps designated as fair value hedges that had notional values of $24.4 billion.

The fixed rate long-term debt instruments hedged generally have original maturities of five to 30 years. In fair value hedging relationships, fixed rate debt is hedged with “receive fixed rate, pay variable rate” swaps. At June 30, 2021, $22.6 billion par value of debt was hedged with interest rate swaps designated
as fair value hedges that had notional values of $22.6 billion.

In addition, we utilize forward foreign exchange contracts as hedges to mitigate foreign exchange exposures. We use forward foreign exchange contracts as cash flow hedges to convert certain forecasted non-U.S. dollar revenue and expenses into U.S. dollars. We use forward foreign exchange contracts with maturities of 15 months or less as cash flow hedges to hedge our foreign exchange exposure to currencies such as Indian rupee, British pound, Hong Kong dollar, Polish zloty, Singapore dollar and euro used in revenue and expense transactions for entities that have the U.S. dollar as their functional currency. As of June 30, 2021, the hedged forecasted foreign currency transactions and designated forward foreign exchange contract hedges were $360 million (notional), with a net pre-tax gain of $2 million recorded in accumulated OCI. Over the next 12 months, a gain of $3 million will be reclassified to earnings.

We also utilize forward foreign exchange contracts as fair value hedges of the foreign exchange risk associated with available-for-sale securities. Forward points are designated as an excluded component and amortized into earnings over the hedge period. The unamortized derivative value associated with the excluded component is recognized in accumulated OCI. At June 30, 2021, $147 million par value of available-for-sale securities was hedged with foreign currency forward contracts that had a notional value of $147 million.

Forward foreign exchange contracts are also used to hedge the value of our net investments in foreign subsidiaries. These forward foreign exchange contracts have maturities of less than one year. The derivatives employed are designated as hedges of changes in value of our foreign investments due to exchange rates. The change in fair market value of these forward foreign exchange contracts is reported within foreign currency translation adjustments in shareholders’ equity, net of tax. At June 30, 2021, forward foreign exchange contracts with notional amounts totaling $8.4 billion were designated as net investment hedges.

In addition to forward foreign exchange contracts, we also designate non-derivative financial instruments as hedges of our net investments in foreign subsidiaries. Those non-derivative financial instruments
BNY Mellon 89
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)
designated as hedges of our net investments in foreign subsidiaries were all long-term liabilities of BNY Mellon and, at June 30, 2021, had a combined U.S. dollar equivalent carrying value of $181 million.

The following table presents the pre-tax gains (losses) related to our fair value and cash flow hedging activities recognized in the consolidated income statement.

Income statement impact of fair value and cash flow hedges
(in millions)Location of gains (losses)2Q211Q212Q20YTD21YTD20
Interest rate fair value hedges of available-for-sale securities
DerivativeInterest revenue$(325)$791 $19 $466 $(1,014)
Hedged itemInterest revenue322 (785)(15)(463)996 
Interest rate fair value hedges of long-term debt
DerivativeInterest expense22 (353)47 (331)761 
Hedged itemInterest expense(21)351 (49)330 (757)
Foreign exchange fair value hedges of available-for-sale securities
Derivative (a)
Foreign exchange revenue(1)8 (5)7 (12)
Hedged itemForeign exchange revenue1 (7)5 (6)12 
Cash flow hedges of forecasted FX exposures
Gain (loss) reclassified from OCI into incomeStaff expense4 5 (3)9 (2)
Gain (loss) recognized in the consolidated income statement due to fair value and cash flow hedging relationships$2 $10 $(1)$12 $(16)
(a)    Includes gains of less than $1 million in the second quarter of 2021, first quarter of 2021, second quarter of 2020, first six months of 2021 and first six months of 2020 associated with the amortization of the excluded component. At June 30, 2021 and Dec. 31, 2020, the remaining accumulated OCI balance associated with the excluded component was de minimis.


The following table presents the impact of hedging derivatives used in net investment hedging relationships.

Impact of derivative instruments used in net investment hedging relationships
(in millions)
Derivatives in net investment hedging relationshipsGain or (loss) recognized in accumulated OCI on derivativesLocation of gain or (loss) reclassified from accumulated OCI into income Gain or (loss) reclassified from accumulated OCI into income
2Q211Q212Q20YTD21YTD202Q211Q212Q20YTD21YTD20
FX contracts$(62)$82 $(45)$20 $392 Net interest revenue$— $— $— $— $— 


The following table presents information on the hedged items in fair value hedging relationships.

Hedged items in fair value hedging relationshipsCarrying amount of hedged
asset or liability
Hedge accounting basis adjustment increase (decrease) (a)
(in millions)June 30, 2021Dec. 31, 2020June 30, 2021Dec. 31, 2020
Available-for-sale securities (b)(c)
$24,330 $17,536 $927 $1,428 
Long-term debt$23,159 $14,784 $482 $783 
(a)    Includes $159 million and $177 million of basis adjustment increases on discontinued hedges associated with available-for-sale securities at June 30, 2021 and Dec. 31, 2020, respectively, and $89 million and $118 million of basis adjustment decreases on discontinued hedges associated with long-term debt at June 30, 2021 and Dec. 31, 2020, respectively.
(b)    Excludes hedged items where only foreign currency risk is the designated hedged risk, as the basis adjustments related to foreign currency hedges will not reverse through the consolidated income statement in future periods. The carrying amount excluded for available-for-sale securities was $147 million at June 30, 2021 and $148 million at Dec. 31, 2020.
(c)    Carrying amount represents the amortized cost.
90 BNY Mellon
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)
The following table summarizes the notional amount and carrying values of our total derivative portfolio.

Impact of derivative instruments on the balance sheetNotional valueAsset derivatives
fair value		Liability derivatives
fair value
June 30, 2021Dec. 31, 2020June 30, 2021Dec. 31, 2020June 30, 2021Dec. 31, 2020
(in millions)
Derivatives designated as hedging instruments: (a)(b)
Interest rate contracts$46,961 $31,360 $— $— $469 $666 
Foreign exchange contracts8,916 8,706 77 19 106 441 
Total derivatives designated as hedging instruments  $77 $19 $575 $1,107 
Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments: (b)(c)
Interest rate contracts$231,744 $198,865 $3,674 $4,482 $3,164 $3,880 
Foreign exchange contracts852,013 813,003 6,774 7,688 6,175 7,622 
Equity contracts6,998 5,142 6 2 93 37 
Credit contracts165 165 — — 4 4 
Total derivatives not designated as hedging instruments$10,454 $12,172 $9,436 $11,543 
Total derivatives fair value (d)
$10,531 $12,191 $10,011 $12,650 
Effect of master netting agreements (e)
(5,677)(8,346)(6,681)(7,845)
Fair value after effect of master netting agreements$4,854 $3,845 $3,330 $4,805 
(a)    The fair value of asset derivatives and liability derivatives designated as hedging instruments is recorded as other assets and other liabilities, respectively, on the consolidated balance sheet.
(b)    For derivative transactions settled at clearing organizations, cash collateral exchanged is deemed a settlement of the derivative each day. The settlement reduces the gross fair value of derivative assets and liabilities and results in a corresponding decrease in the effect of master netting agreements, with no impact to the consolidated balance sheet.
(c)    The fair value of asset derivatives and liability derivatives not designated as hedging instruments is recorded as trading assets and trading liabilities, respectively, on the consolidated balance sheet.
(d)    Fair values are on a gross basis, before consideration of master netting agreements, as required by ASC 815, Derivatives and Hedging.
(e)    Effect of master netting agreements includes cash collateral received and paid of $1,022 million and $2,026 million, respectively, at June 30, 2021, and $1,552 million and $1,051 million, respectively, at Dec. 31, 2020.


Trading activities (including trading derivatives)

Our trading activities are focused on acting as a market-maker for our customers, facilitating customer trades and risk-mitigating economic hedging in compliance with the Volcker Rule. The change in the fair value of the derivatives utilized in our trading activities is recorded in foreign exchange revenue and investment and other income on the consolidated income statement.

The following table presents our foreign exchange revenue and other trading revenue.

Foreign exchange revenue and other trading revenue
(in millions)2Q211Q212Q20YTD21YTD20
Foreign exchange revenue$184 $231 $193 (a)$415 $438 (a)
Other trading (loss) revenue(1)(7)(8)(a)(8)58 (a)
(a)    In the first quarter of 2021, we reclassified certain items within total revenue on the consolidated income statement and reclassified prior periods to be comparable with the current period presentation. See Note 1 for additional information.



Foreign exchange revenue includes income from purchasing and selling foreign currencies, currency forwards, futures and options as well as foreign currency remeasurement. Other trading revenue reflects results from trading in cash instruments, including fixed income and equity securities, and trading and economic hedging activity with non-foreign exchange derivatives.

We also use derivative financial instruments as risk-mitigating economic hedges, which are not formally designated as accounting hedges. This includes hedging the foreign currency, interest rate or market risks inherent in some of our balance sheet exposures, such as seed capital investments and deposits, as well as certain investment management fee revenue streams. We also use total return swaps to economically hedge obligations arising from the Company’s deferred compensation plan whereby the participants defer compensation and earn a return linked to the performance of investments they select. The gains or losses on these total return swaps are recorded in staff expense on the consolidated income statement and were gains of $13 million in the second quarter of 2021, $28 million in the second quarter of 2020, $10 million in the first quarter of 2021 and $23
BNY Mellon 91
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)
million in the first six months of 2021 and a loss of $13 million in the first six months of 2020.

We manage trading risk through a system of position limits, a value-at-risk (“VaR”) methodology based on historical simulation and other market sensitivity measures. Risk is monitored and reported to senior management by a separate unit, independent from trading, on a daily basis. Based on certain assumptions, the VaR methodology is designed to capture the potential overnight pre-tax dollar loss from adverse changes in fair values of all trading positions. The calculation assumes a one-day holding period, utilizes a 99% confidence level and incorporates non-linear product characteristics. The VaR model is one of several statistical models used to develop economic capital results, which are allocated to lines of business for computing risk-adjusted performance.

VaR methodology does not evaluate risk attributable to extraordinary financial, economic or other occurrences. As a result, the risk assessment process includes a number of stress scenarios based upon the risk factors in the portfolio and management’s assessment of market conditions. Additional stress scenarios based upon historical market events are also performed. Stress tests may incorporate the impact of reduced market liquidity and the breakdown of historically observed correlations and extreme scenarios. VaR and other statistical measures, stress testing and sensitivity analysis are incorporated into other risk management materials.

Counterparty credit risk and collateral

We assess the credit risk of our counterparties through regular examination of their financial statements, confidential communication with the management of those counterparties and regular monitoring of publicly available credit rating information. This and other information is used to develop proprietary credit rating metrics used to assess credit quality.

Collateral requirements are determined after a comprehensive review of the credit quality of each counterparty. Collateral is generally held or pledged in the form of cash and/or highly liquid government securities. Collateral requirements are monitored and adjusted daily.

Additional disclosures concerning derivative financial instruments are provided in Note 14.
Disclosure of contingent features in over-the-counter (“OTC”) derivative instruments

Certain OTC derivative contracts and/or collateral agreements contain credit risk-contingent features triggered upon a rating downgrade in which the counterparty has the right to request additional collateral or the right to terminate the contracts in a net liability position.

The following table shows the aggregate fair value of OTC derivative contracts in net liability positions that contained credit risk-contingent features and the value of collateral that has been posted.

June 30, 2021Dec. 31, 2020
(in millions)
Aggregate fair value of OTC derivatives in net liability positions (a)
$5,244 $5,235 
Collateral posted$5,711 $5,568 
(a)    Before consideration of cash collateral.


The aggregate fair value of OTC derivative contracts containing credit risk-contingent features can fluctuate from quarter to quarter due to changes in market conditions, composition of counterparty trades, new business or changes to the contingent features.

The Bank of New York Mellon, our largest banking subsidiary, enters into the substantial majority of our OTC derivative contracts and/or collateral agreements. As such, the contingent features may be triggered if The Bank of New York Mellon’s long-term issuer rating were downgraded.

The following table shows the fair value of contracts falling under early termination provisions that were in net liability positions for three key ratings triggers.

Potential close-out exposures (fair value) (a)
June 30, 2021Dec. 31, 2020
(in millions)
If The Bank of New York Mellon’s rating changed to: (b)
A3/A-$56 $79 
Baa2/BBB$507 $813 
Ba1/BB+$3,102 $2,859 
(a)    The amounts represent potential total close-out values if The Bank of New York Mellon’s long-term issuer rating were to immediately drop to the indicated levels, and do not reflect collateral posted.
(b)    Represents ratings by Moody’s/S&P.


92 BNY Mellon
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)
If The Bank of New York Mellon’s debt rating had fallen below investment grade on June 30, 2021 and Dec. 31, 2020, existing collateral arrangements would
have required us to post additional collateral of $43 million and $41 million, respectively.


Offsetting assets and liabilities

The following tables present derivative and financial instruments and their related offsets. There were no derivative instruments or financial instruments subject to a legally enforceable netting agreement for which we are not currently netting.

Offsetting of derivative assets and financial assets at June 30, 2021
Gross assets recognizedGross amounts offset in the balance sheet Net assets recognized in the balance sheetGross amounts not offset in the balance sheet
(in millions)(a)Financial instrumentsCash collateral receivedNet amount
Derivatives subject to netting arrangements:
Interest rate contracts$2,412 $1,601 $811 $239 $— $572 
Foreign exchange contracts6,186 4,073 2,113 107 — 2,006 
Equity and other contracts7 3 4 — — 4 
Total derivatives subject to netting arrangements
8,605 5,677 2,928 346 — 2,582 
Total derivatives not subject to netting arrangements
1,926 — 1,926 — — 1,926 
Total derivatives10,531 5,677 4,854 346 — 4,508 
Reverse repurchase agreements59,689 41,122 (b)18,567 18,555 — 12 
Securities borrowing11,195 — 11,195 10,344 — 851 
Total$81,415 $46,799 $34,616 $29,245 $— $5,371 
(a)    Includes the effect of netting agreements and net cash collateral received. The offset related to the OTC derivatives was allocated to the various types of derivatives based on the net positions.
(b)    Offsetting of reverse repurchase agreements relates to our involvement in the Fixed Income Clearing Corporation (“FICC”), where we settle government securities transactions on a net basis for payment and delivery through the Fedwire system.


Offsetting of derivative assets and financial assets at Dec. 31, 2020
Gross assets recognizedGross amounts offset in the balance sheet Net assets recognized
in the
balance sheet		Gross amounts not offset in the balance sheet
(in millions)(a)Financial instrumentsCash collateral receivedNet amount
Derivatives subject to netting arrangements:
Interest rate contracts$2,972 $1,952 $1,020 $311 $— $709 
Foreign exchange contracts7,128 6,392 736 146 — 590 
Equity and other contracts2 2 — — — — 
Total derivatives subject to netting arrangements
10,102 8,346 1,756 457 — 1,299 
Total derivatives not subject to netting arrangements
2,089 — 2,089 — — 2,089 
Total derivatives12,191 8,346 3,845 457 — 3,388 
Reverse repurchase agreements78,828 59,561 (b)19,267 19,252 — 15 
Securities borrowing11,640 — 11,640 11,166 — 474 
Total$102,659 $67,907 $34,752 $30,875 $— $3,877 
(a)    Includes the effect of netting agreements and net cash collateral received. The offset related to the OTC derivatives was allocated to the various types of derivatives based on the net positions.
(b)    Offsetting of reverse repurchase agreements relates to our involvement in the FICC, where we settle government securities transactions on a net basis for payment and delivery through the Fedwire system.

BNY Mellon 93
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)
Offsetting of derivative liabilities and financial liabilities at June 30, 2021
Net liabilities recognized in the balance sheet
Gross liabilities recognizedGross amounts offset in the balance sheet Gross amounts not offset in the balance sheet
(in millions)(a)Financial instrumentsCash collateral pledgedNet amount
Derivatives subject to netting arrangements:
Interest rate contracts$3,619 $2,063 $1,556 $1,486 $— $70 
Foreign exchange contracts5,793 4,531 1,262 497 — 765 
Equity and other contracts93 87 6 — — 6 
Total derivatives subject to netting arrangements
9,505 6,681 2,824 1,983 — 841 
Total derivatives not subject to netting arrangements
506 — 506 — — 506 
Total derivatives10,011 6,681 3,330 1,983 — 1,347 
Repurchase agreements52,216 41,122 (b)11,094 11,093 1 — 
Securities lending1,331 — 1,331 1,253 — 78 
Total$63,558 $47,803 $15,755 $14,329 $1 $1,425 
(a)    Includes the effect of netting agreements and net cash collateral paid. The offset related to the OTC derivatives was allocated to the various types of derivatives based on the net positions.
(b)    Offsetting of repurchase agreements relates to our involvement in the FICC, where we settle government securities transactions on a net basis for payment and delivery through the Fedwire system.


Offsetting of derivative liabilities and financial liabilities at Dec. 31, 2020
Net liabilities recognized
in the
balance sheet
Gross liabilities recognizedGross amounts offset in the balance sheet Gross amounts not offset in the balance sheet
(in millions)(a)Financial instrumentsCash collateral pledgedNet amount
Derivatives subject to netting arrangements:
Interest rate contracts$4,533 $2,348 $2,185 $2,115 $— $70 
Foreign exchange contracts7,280 5,484 1,796 143 — 1,653 
Equity and other contracts37 13 24 7 — 17 
Total derivatives subject to netting arrangements
11,850 7,845 4,005 2,265 — 1,740 
Total derivatives not subject to netting arrangements
800 — 800 — — 800 
Total derivatives12,650 7,845 4,805 2,265 — 2,540 
Repurchase agreements69,831 59,561 (b)10,270 10,270 — — 
Securities lending1,035 — 1,035 983 — 52 
Total$83,516 $67,406 $16,110 $13,518 $— $2,592 
(a)    Includes the effect of netting agreements and net cash collateral paid. The offset related to the OTC derivatives was allocated to the various types of derivatives based on the net positions.
(b)    Offsetting of repurchase agreements relates to our involvement in the FICC, where we settle government securities transactions on a net basis for payment and delivery through the Fedwire system.


94 BNY Mellon
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)
Secured borrowings

The following table presents the contract value of repurchase agreements and securities lending transactions accounted for as secured borrowings by the type of collateral provided to counterparties.

Repurchase agreements and securities lending transactions accounted for as secured borrowings
June 30, 2021Dec. 31, 2020
Remaining contractual maturityTotalRemaining contractual maturityTotal
(in millions)Overnight and continuousUp to 30 days30 days or moreOvernight and continuousUp to 30 days30 days or more
Repurchase agreements:
U.S. Treasury$44,545 $47 $— $44,592 $62,381 $— $— $62,381 
Corporate bonds243 184 1,480 1,907 190 218 1,436 1,844 
Sovereign debt/sovereign guaranteed433 — 1,244 1,677 — — — — 
Agency RMBS1,239 — — 1,239 3,117 — 80 3,197 
State and political subdivisions31 27 749 807 66 40 864 970 
U.S. government agencies726 — — 726 425 — — 425 
Other debt securities63 14 115 192 7 21 138 166 
Equity securities— 75 1,001 1,076 — 21 827 848 
Total $47,280 $347 $4,589 $52,216 $66,186 $300 $3,345 $69,831 
Securities lending:
Agency RMBS$167 $— $— $167 $161 $— $— $161 
Other debt securities86 — — 86 52 — — 52 
Equity securities1,078 — — 1,078 822 — — 822 
Total $1,331 $— $— $1,331 $1,035 $— $— $1,035 
Total secured borrowings$48,611 $347 $4,589 $53,547 $67,221 $300 $3,345 $70,866 


BNY Mellon’s repurchase agreements and securities lending transactions primarily encounter risk associated with liquidity. We are required to pledge collateral based on predetermined terms within the agreements. If we were to experience a decline in the fair value of the collateral pledged for these transactions, we could be required to provide additional collateral to the counterparty, therefore decreasing the amount of assets available for other liquidity needs that may arise. BNY Mellon also offers tri-party collateral agency services in the tri-party repo market where we are exposed to credit risk. In order to mitigate this risk, we require dealers to fully secure intraday credit.


Note 17–Commitments and contingent liabilities

Off-balance sheet arrangements

In the normal course of business, various commitments and contingent liabilities are outstanding that are not reflected in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets.

Our significant trading and off-balance sheet risks are securities, foreign currency and interest rate risk management products, commercial lending commitments, letters of credit and securities lending indemnifications. We assume these risks to reduce interest rate and foreign currency risks, to provide customers with the ability to meet credit and liquidity needs and to hedge foreign currency and interest rate risks. These items involve, to varying degrees, credit, foreign currency and interest rate risks not recognized on the balance sheet. Our off-balance sheet risks are managed and monitored in manners similar to those used for on-balance sheet risks.

BNY Mellon 95
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)
The following table presents a summary of our off-balance sheet credit risks.

Off-balance sheet credit risksJune 30, 2021Dec. 31, 2020
(in millions)
Lending commitments$47,098 $47,577 
Standby letters of credit (“SBLC”) (a)
2,182 2,265 
Commercial letters of credit98 60 
Securities lending
indemnifications (b)(c)
495,340 469,121 
(a)Net of participations totaling $129 million at June 30, 2021 and $154 million at Dec. 31, 2020.
(b)Excludes the indemnification for securities for which BNY Mellon acts as an agent on behalf of CIBC Mellon clients, which totaled $61 billion at June 30, 2021 and $62 billion at Dec. 31, 2020.
(c)Includes cash collateral, invested in indemnified repurchase agreements, held by us as securities lending agent of $47 billion at June 30, 2021 and $41 billion at Dec. 31, 2020.


The total potential loss on undrawn lending commitments, standby and commercial letters of credit, and securities lending indemnifications is equal to the total notional amount if drawn upon, which does not consider the value of any collateral.

Since many of the lending commitments are expected to expire without being drawn upon, the total amount does not necessarily represent future cash requirements. A summary of lending commitment maturities is as follows: $29.5 billion in less than one year, $17.0 billion in one to five years and $638 million over five years.

SBLCs principally support obligations of corporate clients and were collateralized with cash and securities of $131 million at June 30, 2021 and $194 million at Dec. 31, 2020. At June 30, 2021, $1.5 billion of the SBLCs will expire within one year, $702 million in one to five years and none over five years.

We must recognize, at the inception of an SBLC and foreign and other guarantees, a liability for the fair value of the obligation undertaken in issuing the guarantee. The fair value of the liability, which was recorded with a corresponding asset in other assets, was estimated as the present value of contractual customer fees. The estimated liability for losses related to SBLCs and foreign and other guarantees, if any, is included in the allowance for lending-related commitments.

Payment/performance risk of SBLCs is monitored using both historical performance and internal ratings criteria. BNY Mellon’s historical experience is that SBLCs typically expire without being funded. SBLCs below investment grade are monitored closely for payment/performance risk. The table below shows SBLCs by investment grade:

Standby letters of creditJune 30, 2021Dec. 31, 2020
Investment grade86 %82 %
Non-investment grade14 %18 %


A commercial letter of credit is normally a short-term instrument used to finance a commercial contract for the shipment of goods from a seller to a buyer. Although the commercial letter of credit is contingent upon the satisfaction of specified conditions, it represents a credit exposure if the buyer defaults on the underlying transaction. As a result, the total contractual amounts do not necessarily represent future cash requirements. Commercial letters of credit totaled $98 million at June 30, 2021 and $60 million at Dec. 31, 2020.

We expect many of the lending commitments and letters of credit to expire without the need to advance any cash. The revenue associated with guarantees frequently depends on the credit rating of the obligor and the structure of the transaction, including collateral, if any. The allowance for lending-related commitments was $50 million at June 30, 2021 and $121 million at Dec. 31, 2020.

A securities lending transaction is a fully collateralized transaction in which the owner of a security agrees to lend the security (typically through an agent, in our case, The Bank of New York Mellon) to a borrower, usually a broker-dealer or bank, on an open, overnight or term basis, under the terms of a prearranged contract.

We typically lend securities with indemnification against borrower default. We generally require the borrower to provide collateral with a minimum value of 102% of the fair value of the securities borrowed, which is monitored on a daily basis, thus reducing credit risk. Market risk can also arise in securities lending transactions. These risks are controlled through policies limiting the level of risk that can be undertaken. Securities lending transactions are generally entered into only with highly rated
96 BNY Mellon
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)
counterparties. Securities lending indemnifications were secured by collateral of $522 billion at June 30, 2021 and $493 billion at Dec. 31, 2020.

CIBC Mellon, a joint venture between BNY Mellon and the Canadian Imperial Bank of Commerce (“CIBC”), engages in securities lending activities.  CIBC Mellon, BNY Mellon and CIBC jointly and severally indemnify securities lenders against specific types of borrower default. At June 30, 2021 and Dec. 31, 2020, $61 billion and $62 billion, respectively, of borrowings at CIBC Mellon, for which BNY Mellon acts as agent on behalf of CIBC Mellon clients, were secured by collateral of $64 billion and $66 billion, respectively. If, upon a default, a borrower’s collateral was not sufficient to cover its related obligations, certain losses related to the indemnification could be covered by the indemnitors.

Unsettled repurchase and reverse repurchase agreements

In the normal course of business, we enter into repurchase agreements and reverse repurchase agreements that settle at a future date. In repurchase agreements, BNY Mellon receives cash from and provides securities as collateral to a counterparty at settlement. In reverse repurchase agreements, BNY Mellon advances cash to and receives securities as collateral from the counterparty at settlement. These transactions are recorded on the consolidated balance sheet on the settlement date. At June 30, 2021, we had $2.6 billion of unsettled repurchase agreements and $6.4 billion of unsettled reverse repurchase agreements.

Industry concentrations

We have significant industry concentrations related to credit exposure at June 30, 2021. The tables below present our credit exposure in the financial institutions and commercial portfolios.

Financial institutions
portfolio exposure
(in billions)
June 30, 2021
LoansUnfunded
commitments		Total exposure
Securities industry$2.4 $20.2 $22.6 
Asset managers1.5 6.9 8.4 
Banks6.0 1.1 7.1 
Insurance0.2 3.0 3.2 
Government0.1 0.2 0.3 
Other0.5 1.0 1.5 
Total$10.7 $32.4 $43.1 

Commercial portfolio
exposure
(in billions)
June 30, 2021
LoansUnfunded
commitments		Total exposure
Manufacturing$0.6 $3.9 $4.5 
Energy and utilities0.3 4.0 4.3 
Services and other0.7 3.5 4.2 
Media and telecom0.1 0.9 1.0 
Total$1.7 $12.3 $14.0 

Major concentrations in securities lending are primarily to broker-dealers and are generally collateralized with cash and/or securities.

Sponsored member repo program

BNY Mellon is a sponsoring member in the FICC sponsored member program, where we submit eligible overnight repurchase and reverse repurchase transactions in U.S. Treasury securities (“Sponsored Member Transactions”) between BNY Mellon and our sponsored member clients for novation and clearing through FICC pursuant to the FICC Government Securities Division rulebook (the “FICC Rules”). We also guarantee to FICC the prompt and full payment and performance of our sponsored member clients’ respective obligations under the FICC Rules in connection with such clients’ Sponsored Member Transactions. We minimize our credit exposure under this guaranty by obtaining a security interest in our sponsored member clients’ collateral and rights under Sponsored Member Transactions. See “Offsetting assets and liabilities” in Note 16 for additional information on our repurchase and reverse repurchase agreements.

Indemnification arrangements

We have provided standard representations for underwriting agreements, acquisition and divestiture agreements, sales of loans and commitments, and other similar types of arrangements and customary indemnification for claims and legal proceedings related to providing financial services that are not otherwise included above. Insurance has been purchased to mitigate certain of these risks. Generally, there are no stated or notional amounts included in these indemnifications and the contingencies triggering the obligation for indemnification are not expected to occur. Furthermore, often counterparties to these transactions provide us with comparable indemnifications. We are unable to develop an estimate of the maximum payout under these indemnifications for several reasons. In addition to
BNY Mellon 97
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)
the lack of a stated or notional amount in a majority of such indemnifications, we are unable to predict the nature of events that would trigger indemnification or the level of indemnification for a certain event. We believe, however, that the possibility that we will have to make any material payments for these indemnifications is remote. At June 30, 2021 and Dec. 31, 2020, we have not recorded any material liabilities under these arrangements.

Clearing and settlement exchanges

We are a noncontrolling equity investor in, and/or member of, several industry clearing or settlement exchanges through which foreign exchange, securities, derivatives or other transactions settle. Certain of these industry clearing and settlement exchanges require their members to guarantee their obligations and liabilities and/or to provide liquidity support in the event other members do not honor their obligations. We believe the likelihood that a clearing or settlement exchange (of which we are a member) would become insolvent is remote. Additionally, certain settlement exchanges have implemented loss allocation policies that enable the exchange to allocate settlement losses to the members of the exchange. It is not possible to quantify such mark-to-market loss until the loss occurs. Any ancillary costs that occur as a result of any mark-to-market loss cannot be quantified. In addition, we also sponsor clients as members on clearing and settlement exchanges and guarantee their obligations. At June 30, 2021 and Dec. 31, 2020, we did not record any material liabilities under these arrangements.

Legal proceedings

In the ordinary course of business, The Bank of New York Mellon Corporation and its subsidiaries are routinely named as defendants in or made parties to pending and potential legal actions. We also are subject to governmental and regulatory examinations, information-gathering requests, investigations and proceedings (both formal and informal). Claims for significant monetary damages are often asserted in many of these legal actions, while claims for disgorgement, restitution, penalties and/or other remedial actions or sanctions may be sought in governmental and regulatory matters. It is inherently difficult to predict the eventual outcomes of such matters given their complexity and the particular facts and circumstances at issue in each of these matters. However, on the basis of our current knowledge and
understanding, we do not believe that judgments, settlements or orders, if any, arising from these matters (either individually or in the aggregate, after giving effect to applicable reserves and insurance coverage) will have a material adverse effect on the consolidated financial position or liquidity of BNY Mellon, although they could have a material effect on our results of operations in a given period.

In view of the inherent unpredictability of outcomes in litigation and regulatory matters, particularly where (i) the damages sought are substantial or indeterminate, (ii) the proceedings are in the early stages, or (iii) the matters involve novel legal theories or a large number of parties, as a matter of course there is considerable uncertainty surrounding the timing or ultimate resolution of litigation and regulatory matters, including a possible eventual loss, fine, penalty or business impact, if any, associated with each such matter. In accordance with applicable accounting guidance, we establish accruals for litigation and regulatory matters when those matters proceed to a stage where they present loss contingencies that are both probable and reasonably estimable. In such cases, there may be a possible exposure to loss in excess of any amounts accrued. We regularly monitor such matters for developments that could affect the amount of the accrual, and will adjust the accrual amount as appropriate. If the loss contingency in question is not both probable and reasonably estimable, we do not establish an accrual and the matter continues to be monitored for any developments that would make the loss contingency both probable and reasonably estimable. We believe that our accruals for legal proceedings are appropriate and, in the aggregate, are not material to the consolidated financial position of BNY Mellon, although future accruals could have a material effect on the results of operations in a given period. In addition, if we have the potential to recover a portion of an estimated loss from a third party, we record a receivable up to the amount of the accrual that is probable of recovery.

For certain of those matters described here for which a loss contingency may, in the future, be reasonably possible (whether in excess of a related accrued liability or where there is no accrued liability), BNY Mellon is currently unable to estimate a range of reasonably possible loss. For those matters described here where BNY Mellon is able to estimate a reasonably possible loss, the aggregate range of such reasonably possible loss is up to $735 million in
98 BNY Mellon
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)
excess of the accrued liability (if any) related to those matters. For matters where a reasonably possible loss is denominated in a foreign currency, our estimate is adjusted quarterly based on prevailing exchange rates. We do not consider potential recoveries when estimating reasonably possible losses.

The following describes certain judicial, regulatory and arbitration proceedings involving BNY Mellon:

Mortgage-Securitization Trusts Proceedings
The Bank of New York Mellon has been named as a defendant in a number of legal actions brought by MBS investors alleging that the trustee has expansive duties under the governing agreements, including the duty to investigate and pursue breach of representation and warranty claims against other parties to the MBS transactions. Three actions commenced in December 2014, December 2015 and February 2017 are pending in New York federal court; and one action commenced in May 2016 is pending in New York state court.

Matters Related to R. Allen Stanford
In late December 2005, Pershing LLC (“Pershing”) became a clearing firm for Stanford Group Co. (“SGC”), a registered broker-dealer that was part of a group of entities ultimately controlled by R. Allen Stanford (“Stanford”). Stanford International Bank, also controlled by Stanford, issued certificates of deposit (“CDs”). Some investors allegedly wired funds from their SGC accounts to purchase CDs. In 2009, the Securities and Exchange Commission charged Stanford with operating a Ponzi scheme in connection with the sale of CDs, and SGC was placed into receivership. Alleged purchasers of CDs have filed two putative class action proceedings against Pershing: one in November 2009 in Texas federal court, and one in May 2016 in New Jersey federal court. After dismissals, three lawsuits remain against Pershing in Louisiana and New Jersey federal courts, which were filed in January 2010, October 2015 and May 2016. The purchasers allege that Pershing, as SGC’s clearing firm, assisted Stanford in a fraudulent scheme and assert contractual, statutory and common law claims. In March 2019, a group of investors filed a putative class action against The Bank of New York Mellon in New Jersey federal court, making the same allegations as in the prior actions brought against Pershing. All the cases that have been brought in federal court against Pershing and the case brought against The Bank of New York Mellon have been consolidated in Texas federal court for discovery
purposes. In July 2020, after being enjoined from pursuing claims before the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority, Inc. (“FINRA”), an investment firm filed an action against Pershing in Texas federal court. This action has been resolved. Various alleged Stanford CD purchasers asserted similar claims in FINRA arbitration proceedings, all of which have been settled or decided.

Brazilian Postalis Litigation
BNY Mellon Servicos Financeiros DTVM S.A. (“DTVM”), a subsidiary that provides asset services in Brazil, acts as administrator for certain investment funds in which a public pension fund for postal workers called Postalis-Instituto de Seguridade Social dos Correios e Telégrafos (“Postalis”) invested. On Aug. 22, 2014, Postalis sued DTVM in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil for losses related to a Postalis fund for which DTVM is administrator. Postalis alleges that DTVM failed to properly perform duties, including to conduct due diligence of and exert control over the manager. On March 12, 2015, Postalis filed a lawsuit in Rio de Janeiro against DTVM and BNY Mellon Administração de Ativos Ltda. (“Ativos”) alleging failure to properly perform duties relating to another fund of which DTVM is administrator and Ativos is manager. On Dec. 14, 2015, Associacão dos Profissionais dos Correios (“ADCAP”), a Brazilian postal workers association, filed a lawsuit in São Paulo against DTVM and other defendants alleging that DTVM improperly contributed to Postalis investment losses. On March 20, 2017, the lawsuit was dismissed without prejudice, and ADCAP has appealed that decision. On Dec. 17, 2015, Postalis filed three lawsuits in Rio de Janeiro against DTVM and Ativos alleging failure to properly perform duties with respect to investments in several other funds. On May 20, 2021, the court in one of those lawsuits entered a $3 million judgment against DTVM and Ativos, which DTVM and Ativos intend to appeal. On Feb. 4, 2016, Postalis filed a lawsuit in Brasilia against DTVM, Ativos and BNY Mellon Alocação de Patrimônio Ltda. (“Alocação de Patrimônio”), an investment management subsidiary, alleging failure to properly perform duties and liability for losses with respect to investments in various funds of which the defendants were administrator and/or manager. On Jan. 16, 2018, the Brazilian Federal Prosecution Service (“MPF”) filed a civil lawsuit in São Paulo against DTVM alleging liability for Postalis losses based on alleged failures to properly perform certain duties as administrator to certain funds in which Postalis invested or as controller of Postalis’s own
BNY Mellon 99
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)
investment portfolio. On April 18, 2018, the court dismissed the lawsuit without prejudice, and the MPF has appealed that decision. In addition, the Tribunal de Contas da União (“TCU”), an administrative tribunal, has initiated two proceedings with the purpose of determining liability for losses to two investment funds administered by DTVM in which Postalis was the exclusive investor. On Sept. 9, 2020, TCU rendered a decision in one of the proceedings, finding DTVM and two former Postalis directors jointly and severally liable for approximately $45 million. TCU also imposed on DTVM a fine of approximately $2 million. DTVM has filed an administrative appeal of the decision. On Oct. 4, 2019, Postalis and another pension fund filed a request for arbitration in São Paulo against DTVM and Ativos alleging liability for losses to an investment fund for which DTVM was administrator and Ativos was manager. On March 26, 2021, DTVM and Ativos filed a lawsuit challenging the decision rendered by the Arbitration Court with respect to its jurisdiction over the case. On Oct. 25, 2019, Postalis filed a lawsuit in Rio de Janeiro against DTVM and Alocação de Patrimônio, alleging liability for losses in another fund for which DTVM was administrator and Alocação de Patrimônio and Ativos were managers. On June 19, 2020, a lawsuit was filed in federal court in Rio de Janeiro against DTVM, Postalis, and various other defendants alleging liability against DTVM for certain Postalis losses in an investment fund of which DTVM was administrator. On Feb. 10, 2021, Postalis and another pension fund served DTVM in a lawsuit filed in Rio de Janeiro, alleging liability for losses in another investment fund for which DTVM was administrator and the other defendant was manager.

Brazilian Silverado Litigation
DTVM acts as administrator for the Fundo de Investimento em Direitos Creditórios Multisetorial Silverado Maximum (“Silverado Maximum Fund”), which invests in commercial credit receivables. On June 2, 2016, the Silverado Maximum Fund sued DTVM in its capacity as administrator, along with Deutsche Bank S.A. - Banco Alemão in its capacity as custodian and Silverado Gestão e Investimentos Ltda. in its capacity as investment manager. The Fund alleges that each of the defendants failed to fulfill its respective duty, and caused losses to the Fund for which the defendants are jointly and severally liable.

German Tax Matters
German authorities are investigating past “cum/ex” trading, which involved the purchase of equity securities on or shortly before the dividend date, but settled after that date, potentially resulting in an unwarranted refund of withholding tax. German authorities have taken the view that past cum/ex trading may have resulted in tax avoidance or evasion. European subsidiaries of BNY Mellon have been informed by German authorities about investigations into potential cum/ex trading by certain third-party investment funds, where one of the subsidiaries had acquired entities that served as depositary and/or fund manager for those third-party investment funds. We have received information requests from the authorities relating to pre-acquisition activity and are cooperating fully with those requests. In August 2019, the District Court of Bonn ordered that one of these subsidiaries be joined as a secondary party in connection with the prosecution of unrelated individual defendants. Trial commenced in September 2019. In March 2020, the court stated that it would refrain from taking action against the subsidiary in order to expedite the conclusion of the trial. The court convicted the unrelated individual defendants, and determined that the cum/ex trading activities of the relevant third-party investment funds were unlawful. In November and December 2020, we received secondary liability notices from the German tax authorities totaling approximately $150 million related to pre-acquisition activity in various funds for which the entities we acquired were depositary and/or fund manager. We have appealed the notices. In connection with the acquisition of the subject entities, we obtained an indemnity for liabilities from the sellers that we intend to pursue as necessary.

Note 18–Lines of business

We have an internal information system that produces performance data along product and service lines for our two principal businesses and the Other segment. The primary products and services and types of revenue for our principal businesses and a description of the Other segment are presented in Note 24 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in our 2020 Annual Report.


100 BNY Mellon
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)
Business accounting principles

Our business data has been determined on an internal management basis of accounting, rather than GAAP which is used for consolidated financial reporting. These measurement principles are designed so that reported results of the businesses will track their economic performance.

Business results are subject to reclassification when organizational changes are made, or for refinements in revenue and expense allocation methodologies. Refinements are typically reflected on a prospective basis. There were no reclassification or organization changes in the second quarter of 2021.

The accounting policies of the businesses are the same as those described in Note 1 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in our 2020 Annual Report.

The results of our businesses are presented and analyzed on an internal management reporting basis.

•Revenue amounts reflect fee and other revenue generated by each business and include revenue for services provided between the segments that are also provided to third parties. Fee and other revenue transferred between businesses under revenue transfer agreements is included within other revenue in each business.
•Revenues and expenses associated with specific client bases are included in those businesses. For example, foreign exchange activity associated with clients using custody products is included in Investment Services.
•Net interest revenue is allocated to businesses based on the yields on the assets and liabilities generated by each business. We employ a funds transfer pricing system that matches funds with the
specific assets and liabilities of each business based on their interest sensitivity and maturity characteristics.
•The provision for credit losses associated with the respective credit portfolios is reflected in each business segment.
•Incentives expense related to restricted stock and RSUs is allocated to the businesses.
•Support and other indirect expenses, including services provided between segments that are not provided to third parties or not subject to a revenue transfer agreement, are allocated to businesses based on internally developed methodologies and reflected in noninterest expense.
•Recurring FDIC expense is allocated to the businesses based on average deposits generated within each business.
•Litigation expense is generally recorded in the business in which the charge occurs.
•Management of the securities portfolio is a shared service contained in the Other segment. As a result, gains and losses associated with the valuation of the securities portfolio are generally included in the Other segment.
•Client deposits serve as the primary funding source for our securities portfolio. We typically allocate all interest revenue to the businesses generating the deposits. Accordingly, accretion related to the portion of the securities portfolio restructured in 2009 has been included in the results of the businesses.
•Balance sheet assets and liabilities and their related income or expense are specifically assigned to each business. Businesses with a net liability position have been allocated assets.
•Goodwill and intangible assets are reflected within individual businesses.


BNY Mellon 101
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)
The following consolidating schedules present the contribution of our businesses to our overall profitability.

For the quarter ended June 30, 2021
Investment
Services		Investment
and Wealth Management		OtherConsolidated
(dollars in millions)
Total fee and other revenue$2,336 $952 (a)$22 $3,310 (a)
Net interest revenue (expense)643 47 (45)645 
Total revenue (loss)2,979 999 (a)(23)3,955 (a)
Provision for credit losses(77)(4)(5)(86)
Noninterest expense2,052 677 49 2,778 
Income (loss) before income taxes$1,004 $326 (a)$(67)$1,263 (a)
Pre-tax operating margin (b)
34 %33 %N/M32 %
Average assets$383,330 $30,370 $38,629 $452,329 
(a)    Total fee and other revenue, total revenue and income before income taxes are net of noncontrolling interests of $5 million.
(b)    Income before income taxes divided by total revenue.
N/M – Not meaningful.


For the quarter ended March 31, 2021
Investment
Services		Investment
and Wealth Management		OtherConsolidated
(dollars in millions)
Total fee and other revenue (loss)$2,345 $943 (a)$(27)$3,261 (a)
Net interest revenue (expense)645 48 (38)655 
Total revenue (loss)2,990 991 (a)(65)3,916 (a)
Provision for credit losses(79)4 (8)(83)
Noninterest expense2,101 709 41 2,851 
Income (loss) before income taxes$968 $278 (a)$(98)$1,148 (a)
Pre-tax operating margin (b)
32 %28 %N/M29 %
Average assets$385,054 $32,066 $43,259 $460,379 
(a)    Total fee and other revenue, total revenue and income before income taxes are net of noncontrolling interests of $5 million.
(b)    Income before income taxes divided by total revenue.
N/M – Not meaningful.


For the quarter ended June 30, 2020
Investment
Services		Investment
and Wealth Management		OtherConsolidated
(dollars in millions)
Total fee and other revenue$2,339 $838 (a)$38 $3,215 (a)
Net interest revenue (expense)768 48 (36)780 
Total revenue3,107 886 (a)2 3,995 (a)
Provision for credit losses145 7 (9)143 
Noninterest expense1,989 658 39 2,686 
Income (loss) before income taxes$973 $221 (a)$(28)$1,166 (a)
Pre-tax operating margin (b)
31 %25 %N/M29 %
Average assets$335,288 $30,327 $49,744 $415,359 
(a)    Total fee and other revenue, total revenue and income before income taxes are net of noncontrolling interests of $15 million.
(b)    Income before income taxes divided by total revenue.
N/M – Not meaningful.


102 BNY Mellon
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)
For the six months ended June 30, 2021
Investment
Services		Investment and Wealth
Management		OtherConsolidated
(dollars in millions)
Total fee and other revenue (loss)$4,681 $1,895 (a)$(5)$6,571 (a)
Net interest revenue (expense)1,288 95 (83)1,300 
Total revenue (loss)5,969 1,990 (a)(88)7,871 (a)
Provision for credit losses(156)— (13)(169)
Noninterest expense4,153 1,386 90 5,629 
Income (loss) before income taxes$1,972 $604 (a)$(165)$2,411 (a)
Pre-tax operating margin (b)
33 %30 %N/M31 %
Average assets$384,187 $31,213 $40,932 $456,332 
(a)    Total fee and other revenue, total revenue and income before income taxes are net of noncontrolling interests of $10 million.
(b)    Income before income taxes divided by total revenue.
N/M – Not meaningful.


For the six months ended June 30, 2020
Investment
Services		Investment and Wealth
Management		OtherConsolidated
(dollars in millions)
Total fee and other revenue$4,775 $1,684 (a)$68 $6,527 (a)
Net interest revenue (expense)1,574 100 (80)1,594 
Total revenue (loss)6,349 1,784 (a)(12)8,121 (a)
Provision for credit losses294 16 2 312 
Noninterest expense3,976 1,353 69 5,398 
Income (loss) before income taxes$2,079 $415 (a)$(83)$2,411 (a)
Pre-tax operating margin (b)
33 %23 %N/M30 %
Average assets$319,689 $30,435 $50,194 $400,318 
(a)    Total fee and other revenue, total revenue and income before income taxes are net of noncontrolling interests of $(3) million.
(b)    Income before income taxes divided by total revenue.
N/M – Not meaningful.


Note 19–Supplemental information to the Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows

Non-cash investing and financing transactions that, appropriately, are not reflected in the consolidated statement of cash flows are listed below.

Non-cash investing and financing transactionsSix months ended June 30,
(in millions)20212020
Transfers from loans to other assets for other real estate owned$1 $— 
Change in assets of consolidated investment management funds74 215 
Change in liabilities of consolidated investment management funds4 3 
Change in nonredeemable noncontrolling interests of consolidated investment management funds201 10 
Securities purchased not settled866 1,730 
Securities sold not settled100 — 
Available-for-sale securities transferred to held-to-maturity5,945 — 
Premises and equipment/operating lease obligations56 66 

BNY Mellon 103
Item 4. Controls and Procedures
Disclosure controls and procedures

Our management, including the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, with participation by the members of the Disclosure Committee, has responsibility for ensuring that there is an adequate and effective process for establishing, maintaining, and evaluating disclosure controls and procedures that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by us in our SEC reports is timely recorded, processed, summarized and reported and that information required to be disclosed by BNY Mellon is accumulated and communicated to BNY Mellon’s management to allow timely decisions regarding the required disclosure. In addition, our ethics hotline can also be used by employees and others for the anonymous communication of concerns about financial controls or reporting matters. There are inherent limitations to the effectiveness of any system of disclosure controls and procedures, including the possibility of human error and the circumvention or overriding of the controls and procedures. Accordingly, even effective disclosure controls and procedures can only provide reasonable assurance of achieving their control objectives.

As of the end of the period covered by this report, an evaluation was carried out under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, of the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures as defined in Rule 13a-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”). Based on that evaluation, the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective.

Changes in internal control over financial reporting

In the ordinary course of business, we may routinely modify, upgrade or enhance our internal controls and procedures for financial reporting. There have not been any changes in our internal control over financial reporting as defined in Rule 13a-15(f) of the Exchange Act during the second quarter of 2021 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

104 BNY Mellon
Forward-looking Statements
Some statements in this Quarterly Report are forward-looking. These include statements about the usefulness of Non-GAAP measures, the future results of BNY Mellon, our businesses, financial, liquidity and capital condition, results of operations, liquidity, risk and capital management and processes, goals, strategies, outlook, objectives, expectations (including those regarding our performance results, expenses, nonperforming assets, products, impacts of currency fluctuations, impacts of money market fee waivers, deposits, impacts of trends on our businesses, regulatory, technology, market, economic or accounting developments and the impacts of such developments on our businesses, legal proceedings and other contingencies), human capital management (including related ambitions, objectives, aims and goals), effective tax rate, net interest revenue, estimates (including those regarding expenses, losses inherent in our credit portfolios and capital ratios), intentions (including those regarding our capital returns and expenses, including our investments in technology and pension expense), targets, opportunities, potential actions, growth and initiatives, including the potential effects of the coronavirus pandemic on any of the foregoing.

In this report, any other report, any press release or any written or oral statement that BNY Mellon or its executives may make, words, such as “estimate,” “forecast,” “project,” “anticipate,” “likely,” “target,” “expect,” “intend,” “continue,” “seek,” “believe,” “plan,” “goal,” “could,” “should,” “would,” “may,” “might,” “will,” “strategy,” “synergies,” “opportunities,” “trends,” “ambition,” “objective,” “aim,” “future,” “potentially,” “outlook” and words of similar meaning, may signify forward-looking statements.

Actual results may differ materially from those expressed or implied as a result of a number of factors, including those discussed in “Risk Factors” in our 2020 Annual Report, such as:
•errors or delays in our operational and transaction processing may materially adversely affect our business, financial condition, results of operations and reputation;
•our risk management framework, models and processes may not be effective in mitigating risk and reducing the potential for losses;
•the coronavirus pandemic is adversely affecting us and creates significant risks and uncertainties for our business, and the ultimate impact of the pandemic on us will depend on future
developments, which are highly uncertain and cannot be predicted;
•a communications or technology disruption or failure within our infrastructure or the infrastructure of third parties that results in a loss of information, delays our ability to access information or impacts our ability to provide services to our clients may materially adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations;
•a cybersecurity incident, or a failure to protect our computer systems, networks and information and our clients’ information against cybersecurity threats, could result in the theft, loss, unauthorized access to, disclosure, use or alteration of information, system or network failures, or loss of access to information. Any such incident or failure could adversely impact our ability to conduct our businesses, damage our reputation and cause losses;
•we are subject to extensive government rulemaking, policies, regulation and supervision that impact our operations. Changes to and introduction of new rules and regulations have, and in the future may, compel us to change how we manage our businesses, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations;
•regulatory or enforcement actions or litigation could materially adversely affect our results of operations or harm our businesses or reputation;
•failure to satisfy regulatory standards, including “well capitalized” and “well managed” status or capital adequacy and liquidity rules more generally, could result in limitations on our activities and adversely affect our business and financial condition;
•a failure or circumvention of our controls and procedures could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and reputation;
•we are dependent on fee-based business for a substantial majority of our revenue and our fee-based revenues could be adversely affected by slowing in market activity, weak financial markets, underperformance and/or negative trends in savings rates or in investment preferences;
•weakness and volatility in financial markets and the economy generally may materially adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations;
BNY Mellon 105
Forward-looking Statements (continued)
•changes in interest rates and yield curves have had, and may in the future continue to have, a material adverse effect on our profitability;
•we may experience losses on securities related to volatile and illiquid market conditions, reducing our earnings and impacting our financial condition;
•transitions away from and the replacement of LIBOR and other interbank offered rates could adversely impact our business, financial condition and results of operations;
•following the end of the transition period, the UK and the EU have not agreed to alternatives to the “passporting rights,” which may result in negative effects on global economic conditions, global financial markets, and our business, financial condition and results of operations;
•the failure or perceived weakness of any of our significant clients or counterparties, many of whom are major financial institutions or sovereign entities, and our assumption of credit and counterparty risk, could expose us to loss and adversely affect our business;
•we could incur losses if our allowance for credit losses, including loan and lending-related commitment reserves, is inadequate or if our expectations of future economic conditions deteriorate;
•our business, financial condition and results of operations could be adversely affected if we do not effectively manage our liquidity;
•the Parent is a non-operating holding company, and as a result, is dependent on dividends from its subsidiaries and extensions of credit from its IHC to meet its obligations, including with respect to its securities, and to provide funds for share repurchases and payment of dividends to its stockholders;
•our ability to return capital to shareholders is subject to the discretion of our Board of Directors and may be limited by U.S. banking laws and regulations, including those governing capital and capital planning, applicable provisions of Delaware law and our failure to pay full and timely dividends on our preferred stock;
•any material reduction in our credit ratings or the credit ratings of our principal bank subsidiaries, The Bank of New York Mellon or BNY Mellon, N.A., could increase the cost of funding and borrowing to us and our rated subsidiaries and have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations and on the value of the securities we issue;
•the application of our Title I preferred resolution strategy or resolution under the Title II orderly liquidation authority could adversely affect the Parent’s liquidity and financial condition and the Parent’s security holders;
•new lines of business, new products and services or transformational or strategic project initiatives may subject us to additional risks, and the failure to implement these initiatives could affect our results of operations;
•we are subject to competition in all aspects of our business, which could negatively affect our ability to maintain or increase our profitability;
•our business may be adversely affected if we are unable to attract, retain and motivate employees;
•our strategic transactions present risks and uncertainties and could have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations;
•our businesses may be negatively affected by adverse events, publicity, government scrutiny or other reputational harm;
•climate change concerns could adversely affect our business, affect client activity levels and damage our reputation;
•impacts from natural disasters, climate change, acts of terrorism, pandemics, global conflicts and other geopolitical events may have a negative impact on our business and operations;
•tax law changes or challenges to our tax positions with respect to historical transactions may adversely affect our net income, effective tax rate and our overall results of operations and financial condition; and
•changes in accounting standards governing the preparation of our financial statements and future events could have a material impact on our reported financial condition, results of operations, cash flows and other financial data.

Investors should consider all risk factors discussed in our 2020 Annual Report and any subsequent reports filed with the SEC by BNY Mellon pursuant to the Exchange Act. All forward-looking statements speak only as of the date on which such statements are made, and BNY Mellon undertakes no obligation to update any statement to reflect events or circumstances after the date on which such forward-looking statement is made or to reflect the occurrence of unanticipated events. The contents of BNY Mellon’s website or any other website referenced herein are not part of this report.

106 BNY Mellon
Part II – Other Information
Item 1. Legal Proceedings.

The information required by this Item is set forth in the “Legal proceedings” section in Note 17 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements, which portion is incorporated herein by reference in response to this item.

Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds.

(c)    The following table discloses repurchases of our common stock made in the second quarter of 2021. All of the Company’s preferred stock outstanding has preference over the Company’s common stock with respect to the payment of dividends.

Issuer purchases of equity securities

Share repurchases – second quarter of 2021
Total shares
repurchased as
 part of a publicly
announced plan
or program
Maximum approximate dollar value of shares that may yet be purchased under the publicly announced plans or programs at June 30, 2021
(dollars in millions, except per share amounts; common shares in thousands)Total shares
repurchased		Average price
per share
April 202112,063 $48.01 12,063 $3,171 
May 2021507 50.07 507 3,146 
June 2021264 51.94 264 3,132 
Second quarter of 2021 (a)
12,834 $48.17 12,834 $6,000 (b)
(a)    Includes 70 thousand shares repurchased at a purchase price of $3 million from employees, primarily in connection with the employees’ payment of taxes upon the vesting of restricted stock. The average price per share of open market repurchases was $48.20.
(b)    Represents the maximum value of the shares to be repurchased through the fourth quarter of 2022 under the share repurchase plan announced in June 2021 and includes shares repurchased in connection with employee benefit plans.


In December 2020, in connection with the Federal Reserve’s release of the second round of CCAR stress tests during 2020, we announced a share repurchase plan approved by our Board of Directors. This program provided for the repurchase of up to $4.451 billion from the third quarter of 2020 through the third quarter of 2021. Any repurchases during that period were made in a manner consistent with any applicable distribution limitations imposed by the Federal Reserve.

In June 2021, in connection with the Federal Reserve’s release of the 2021 CCAR stress tests, we announced a share repurchase program approved by our Board of Directors providing for the repurchase of up to $6.0 billion of common stock beginning in the third quarter of 2021 and continuing through the fourth quarter of 2022. This new share repurchase plan replaced all previously authorized share repurchase plans.

Share repurchases may be executed through open market repurchases, in privately negotiated transactions or by other means, including through repurchase plans designed to comply with Rule 10b5-1 and other derivative, accelerated share repurchase and other structured transactions. The timing and exact amount of any common stock repurchases will depend on various factors, including market conditions and the common stock trading price; the Company’s capital position, liquidity and financial performance; alternative uses of capital; and legal and regulatory limitations and considerations.

Item 6. Exhibits.

The list of exhibits required to be filed as exhibits to this report appears below.
BNY Mellon 107
Index to Exhibits
Exhibit No.DescriptionMethod of Filing
3.1Restated Certificate of Incorporation of The Bank of New York Mellon Corporation.
3.2Certificate of Amendment to the The Bank of New York Mellon Corporation’s Restated Certificate of Incorporation, as filed with the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware on April 9, 2019.
3.3Certificate of Designations of The Bank of New York Mellon Corporation with respect to the Series A Noncumulative Preferred Stock, dated June 15, 2007.
3.4Certificate of Designations of The Bank of New York Mellon Corporation with respect to the Series D Noncumulative Perpetual Preferred Stock, dated May 16, 2013.
3.5Certificate of Designations of The Bank of New York Mellon Corporation with respect to the Series E Noncumulative Perpetual Preferred Stock, dated April 27, 2015.
3.6Certificate of Designations of The Bank of New York Mellon Corporation with respect to the Series F Noncumulative Perpetual Preferred Stock, dated July 29, 2016.
3.7Certificate of Designations of The Bank of New York Mellon Corporation with respect to the Series G Noncumulative Perpetual Preferred Stock, dated May 15, 2020.
3.8Certificate of Designations of The Bank of New York Mellon Corporation with respect to the Series H Noncumulative Perpetual Preferred Stock, dated Nov. 2, 2020.
3.9Amended and Restated By-Laws of The Bank of New York Mellon Corporation, as amended and restated on Feb. 12, 2018.
108 BNY Mellon
Index to Exhibits (continued)
Exhibit No.DescriptionMethod of Filing
4.1
None of the instruments defining the rights of holders of long-term debt of the Parent or any of its subsidiaries represented long-term debt in excess of 10% of the total assets of the Company as of June 30, 2021. The Company hereby agrees to furnish to the Commission, upon request, a copy of any such instrument.
N/A
10.12021 Form of Restricted Stock Unit Agreement.
10.22021 Form of Performance Share Agreement.
22.1Subsidiary Issuer of Guaranteed Securities.
31.1Certification of the Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a), as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
31.2Certification of the Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a), as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
32.1Certification of the Chief Executive Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. §1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
32.2Certification of the Chief Financial Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. §1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
101.INSInline XBRL Instance Document.The instance document does not appear in the interactive data file because its XBRL tags are embedded within the inline XBRL document.
101.SCHInline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document.Filed herewith.
101.CALInline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document.Filed herewith.
101.DEFInline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document.Filed herewith.
101.LABInline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document.Filed herewith.
101.PREInline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document.Filed herewith.
104
The cover page of the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2021, formatted in inline XBRL.
The cover page interactive data file is embedded within the inline XBRL document and included in Exhibit 101.
BNY Mellon 109






SIGNATURE








Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.









THE BANK OF NEW YORK MELLON CORPORATION
(Registrant)
Date: August 5, 2021By:/s/ Kurtis R. Kurimsky
Kurtis R. Kurimsky
Corporate Controller
(Duly Authorized Officer and
Principal Accounting Officer of
the Registrant)


110 BNY Mellon