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BEAZER HOMES USA INC - Quarter Report: 2020 March (Form 10-Q)


UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549
_____________________________________________________________ 
FORM 10-Q
_____________________________________________________________ 
x
QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15 (d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the Quarterly Period Ended March 31, 2020
or
¨
TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15 (d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
Commission File Number 001-12822
_____________________________________________________________ 
BEAZER HOMES USA, INC.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
 _____________________________________________________________ 
DELAWARE
 
58-2086934
(State or other jurisdiction of
incorporation or organization)
 
(I.R.S. Employer
Identification No.)
1000 Abernathy Road, Suite 260,
Atlanta, Georgia
 
30328
(Address of principal executive offices)
 
(Zip Code)
(770) 829-3700
(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
Title of each class
Trading Symbol(s)
Name of each exchange on which registered
Common Stock, $0.001 par value
BZH
New York Stock Exchange
 _____________________________________________________________
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Sections 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to the filing requirements for the past 90 days.    YES  x    NO  ¨
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files).    YES  x    NO  ¨
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company” and "emerging growth company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act:
Large accelerated filer
¨
Accelerated filer
x
Non-accelerated filer
o
Smaller reporting company
o
Emerging growth company
o
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ¨


Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). YES  ¨    NO  x
Number of shares of common stock outstanding as of April 27, 2020: 31,027,490


BEAZER HOMES USA, INC.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
 
 
 
 
 

1

PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1. Financial Statements

BEAZER HOMES USA, INC.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(Unaudited)
 
in thousands (except share and per share data)
March 31,
2020
 
September 30,
2019
ASSETS
 
 
 
Cash and cash equivalents
$
294,265

 
$
106,741

Restricted cash
18,282

 
16,053

Accounts receivable (net of allowance of $309 and $304, respectively)
20,574

 
26,395

Income tax receivable
9,224

 
4,935

Owned inventory
1,595,300

 
1,504,248

Investments in unconsolidated entities
4,040

 
3,962

Deferred tax assets, net
238,766

 
246,957

Property and equipment, net
25,820

 
27,421

Operating lease right-of-use assets
15,109

 
—

Goodwill
11,376

 
11,376

Other assets
6,239

 
9,556

Total assets
$
2,238,995

 
$
1,957,644

LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
 
 
 
Trade accounts payable
$
137,238

 
$
131,152

Operating lease liabilities
17,147

 
—

Other liabilities
108,336

 
109,429

Total debt (net of debt issuance costs of $11,867 and $12,470, respectively)
1,428,792

 
1,178,309

Total liabilities
1,691,513

 
1,418,890

Stockholders’ equity:
 
 
 
Preferred stock (par value $0.01 per share, 5,000,000 shares authorized, no shares issued)
—

 
—

Common stock (par value $0.001 per share, 63,000,000 shares authorized, 31,020,398 issued and outstanding and 30,933,110 issued and outstanding, respectively)
31

 
31

Paid-in capital
849,643

 
854,275

Accumulated deficit
(302,192
)
 
(315,552
)
Total stockholders’ equity
547,482

 
538,754

Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity
$
2,238,995

 
$
1,957,644


See accompanying notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.


2

BEAZER HOMES USA, INC.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
(Unaudited)
 
 
Three Months Ended
 
Six Months Ended
 
March 31,
 
March 31,
 in thousands (except per share data)
2020
 
2019
 
2020
 
2019
Total revenue
$
489,413

 
$
421,260

 
$
907,217

 
$
823,300

Home construction and land sales expenses
410,568

 
356,329

 
765,235

 
696,707

Inventory impairments and abandonments
—

 
147,611

 
—

 
148,618

Gross profit (loss)
78,845

 
(82,680
)
 
141,982

 
(22,025
)
Commissions
18,744

 
15,998

 
34,809

 
31,735

General and administrative expenses
40,050

 
37,372

 
79,749

 
76,014

Depreciation and amortization
3,627

 
2,900

 
7,054

 
5,670

Operating income (loss)
16,424

 
(138,950
)
 
20,370

 
(135,444
)
Equity in income of unconsolidated entities
147

 
81

 
134

 
17

Gain on extinguishment of debt
—

 
216

 
—

 
216

Other expense, net
(1,786
)
 
(337
)
 
(3,126
)
 
(379
)
Income (loss) from continuing operations before income taxes
14,785

 
(138,990
)
 
17,378

 
(135,590
)
Expense (benefit) from income taxes
4,170

 
(38,158
)
 
3,959

 
(42,080
)
Income (loss) from continuing operations
10,615

 
(100,832
)
 
13,419

 
(93,510
)
Loss from discontinued operations, net of tax
(1
)
 
(30
)
 
(59
)
 
(41
)
Net income (loss)
$
10,614

 
$
(100,862
)
 
$
13,360

 
$
(93,551
)
Weighted average number of shares:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Basic
29,868

 
30,714

 
29,808

 
31,263

Diluted
29,975

 
30,714

 
30,078

 
31,263

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Basic income (loss) per share:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Continuing operations
$
0.36

 
$
(3.28
)
 
$
0.45

 
$
(2.99
)
Discontinued operations
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

Total
$
0.36

 
$
(3.28
)
 
$
0.45

 
$
(2.99
)
Diluted income (loss) per share:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Continuing operations
$
0.35

 
$
(3.28
)
 
$
0.45

 
$
(2.99
)
Discontinued operations
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

Total
$
0.35

 
$
(3.28
)
 
$
0.45

 
$
(2.99
)

See accompanying notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.














3

BEAZER HOMES USA, INC.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY
(Unaudited)
 
Three Months Ended March 31, 2020
 
Common Stock
 
Paid-in Capital
 
Accumulated Deficit
 
 
in thousands
Shares
 
Amount
 
 
 
Total
Balance as of December 31, 2019
31,383

 
$
31

 
$
852,055

 
$
(312,806
)
 
$
539,280

Net income and comprehensive income
—

 
—

 
—

 
10,614

 
10,614

Stock-based compensation expense
—

 
—

 
899

 
—

 
899

Exercises of stock options
3

 
—

 
31

 
—

 
31

Shares issued under employee stock plans, net
7

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

Forfeiture of restricted stock
(10
)
 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

Common stock redeemed for tax liability
(1
)
 
—

 
(15
)
 
—

 
(15
)
Share repurchases
(362
)
 
—

 
(3,327
)
 
—

 
(3,327
)
Balance as of March 31, 2020
31,020

 
$
31

 
$
849,643

 
$
(302,192
)
 
$
547,482


 
Six Months Ended March 31, 2020
 
Common Stock
 
Paid-in Capital
 
Accumulated Deficit
 
 
in thousands
Shares
 
Amount
 
 
 
Total
Balance as of September 30, 2019
30,933

 
$
31

 
$
854,275

 
$
(315,552
)
 
$
538,754

Net income and comprehensive income
—

 
—

 
—

 
13,360

 
13,360

Stock-based compensation expense
—

 
—

 
3,210

 
—

 
3,210

Exercises of stock options
50

 
—

 
204

 
—

 
204

Shares issued under employee stock plans, net
581

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

Forfeiture and other settlements of restricted stock
(11
)
 
—

 
(2,058
)
 
—

 
(2,058
)
Common stock redeemed for tax liability
(171
)
 
—

 
(2,661
)
 
—

 
(2,661
)
Share repurchases
(362
)
 
—

 
(3,327
)
 
—

 
(3,327
)
Balance as of March 31, 2020
31,020

 
$
31

 
$
849,643

 
$
(302,192
)
 
$
547,482


See accompanying notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.

4

BEAZER HOMES USA, INC.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY
(Unaudited)
 
Three Months Ended March 31, 2019
 
Common Stock
 
Paid-in Capital
 
Accumulated Deficit
 
 
in thousands
Shares
 
Amount
 
 
 
Total
Balance as of December 31, 2018
32,675

 
$
33

 
$
863,797

 
$
(228,721
)
 
$
635,109

Net loss and comprehensive loss
—

 
—

 
—

 
(100,862
)
 
(100,862
)
Stock-based compensation expense
—

 
—

 
2,180

 
—

 
2,180

Exercises of stock options
26

 
—

 
271

 
—

 
271

Forfeiture of restricted stock
(2
)
 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

Common stock redeemed
(3
)
 
—

 
(35
)
 
—

 
(35
)
Share repurchases
(652
)
 
(1
)
 
(7,504
)
 
—

 
(7,505
)
Balance as of March 31, 2019
32,044

 
$
32

 
$
858,709

 
$
(329,583
)
 
$
529,158


 
Six Months Ended March 31, 2019
 
Common Stock
 
Paid-in Capital
 
Accumulated Deficit
 
 
in thousands
Shares
 
Amount
 
 
 
Total
Balance as of September 30, 2018
33,522

 
$
34

 
$
880,025

 
$
(236,032
)
 
$
644,027

Net loss and comprehensive loss
—

 
—

 
—

 
(93,551
)
 
(93,551
)
Stock-based compensation expense
—

 
—

 
4,294

 
—

 
4,294

Exercises of stock options
27

 
—

 
278

 
—

 
278

Shares issued under employee stock plans, net
910

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

Forfeiture of restricted stock
(30
)
 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

Common stock redeemed
(179
)
 
—

 
(1,886
)
 
—

 
(1,886
)
Share repurchases
(2,206
)
 
(2
)
 
(24,002
)
 
—

 
(24,004
)
Balance as of March 31, 2019
32,044

 
$
32

 
$
858,709

 
$
(329,583
)
 
$
529,158


See accompanying notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.


5

BEAZER HOMES USA, INC.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(Unaudited)
 
Six Months Ended
 
March 31,
in thousands
2020
 
2019
Cash flows from operating activities:
 
 
 
Net income (loss)
$
13,360

 
$
(93,551
)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities:
 
 
 
Depreciation and amortization
7,054

 
5,670

Stock-based compensation expense
3,210

 
4,294

Inventory impairments and abandonments
—

 
148,618

Deferred and other income tax expense (benefit)
3,942

 
(42,392
)
Gain on sale of fixed assets
(111
)
 
(75
)
Change in allowance for doubtful accounts
5

 
(5
)
Equity in income of unconsolidated entities
(134
)
 
(16
)
Cash distributions of income from unconsolidated entities
56

 
325

Loss (gain) on extinguishment of debt, net
—

 
(216
)
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
 
 
 
Decrease in accounts receivable
5,816

 
6,166

Decrease in income tax receivable
315

 
—

Increase in inventory
(89,162
)
 
(88,491
)
Decrease in other assets
3,063

 
3,036

Increase (decrease) in trade accounts payable
6,086

 
(1,029
)
Increase (decrease) in other liabilities
587

 
(25,368
)
Net cash used in operating activities
(45,913
)
 
(83,034
)
Cash flows from investing activities:
 
 
 
Capital expenditures
(5,478
)
 
(11,508
)
Proceeds from sale of fixed assets
136

 
94

Acquisition, net of cash acquired
—

 
(4,088
)
Net cash used in investing activities
(5,342
)
 
(15,502
)
Cash flows from financing activities:
 
 
 
Repayment of debt
(1,150
)
 
(5,062
)
Repayment of borrowings from credit facility
(95,000
)
 
(150,000
)
Borrowings from credit facility
345,000

 
225,000

Debt issuance costs
—

 
(400
)
Repurchase of common stock
(3,327
)
 
(24,004
)
Tax payments for stock-based compensation awards
(2,661
)
 
(1,886
)
Stock option exercises and other financing activities
(1,854
)
 
278

Net cash provided by financing activities
241,008

 
43,926

Increase (decrease) in cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash
189,753

 
(54,610
)
Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash at beginning of period
122,794

 
153,248

Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash at end of period
$
312,547

 
$
98,638


See accompanying notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.

6

BEAZER HOMES USA, INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Unaudited)
(1) Description of Business
Beazer Homes USA, Inc. (“we,” “us,” “our,” “Beazer,” “Beazer Homes” and the “Company”) is a geographically diversified homebuilder with active operations in 13 states within three geographic regions in the United States: the West, East, and Southeast.
Our homes are designed to appeal to homeowners at different price points across various demographic segments and are generally offered for sale in advance of their construction. Our objective is to provide our customers with homes that incorporate exceptional value and quality, while seeking to maximize our return on invested capital over the course of a housing cycle.
For an additional description of our business, refer to Item 1 within our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended September 30, 2019 (2019 Annual Report).
(2) Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements of the Company have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (GAAP) for interim financial information and in accordance with the instructions to Form 10-Q and Article 10 of Regulation S-X. The unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements do not include all of the information and disclosures required by GAAP for complete financial statements. As such, the accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and notes thereto included in the Company's 2019 Annual Report. In the opinion of management, all adjustments, consisting of normal recurring adjustments, necessary for a fair presentation have been included in the accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements. The results of the Company's consolidated operations presented herein for the three and six months ended March 31, 2020 are not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected for the full fiscal year due to seasonal variations in our operations and other factors, such as the effects of the coronavirus (“COVID-19”) and its influence on our future results.
Basis of Consolidation
The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Beazer Homes USA, Inc. and its consolidated subsidiaries. Intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated in consolidation. Our net income (loss) is equivalent to our comprehensive income (loss), so we have not presented a separate statement of comprehensive income (loss).
In the past, we have discontinued homebuilding operations in various markets. Results from certain of these exited markets are reported as discontinued operations in the accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated statements of operations for all periods presented (see Note 17 for a further discussion of our discontinued operations).
Our fiscal year 2020 began on October 1, 2019 and ends on September 30, 2020. Our fiscal year 2019 began on October 1, 2018 and ended on September 30, 2019.
Use of Estimates
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make informed estimates and judgments that affect the amounts reported in the condensed consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes. Accordingly, actual results could differ from these estimates.

7

Share Repurchase Program
During the first quarter of fiscal 2019, the Company's Board of Directors approved a share repurchase program that authorizes the Company to repurchase up to $50.0 million of its outstanding common stock. As part of this program, the Company repurchased common stock during fiscal 2019 through open market transactions, 10b5-1 plans, and accelerated share repurchase (ASR) agreements. All shares have been retired upon repurchase during fiscal 2019. The aggregate reduction to stockholders’ equity related to share repurchases during the fiscal year ended September 30, 2019 was $34.6 million.
The Company repurchased 362 thousand shares of its common stock for $3.3 million at an average price per share of $9.20 during the six months ended March 31, 2020 through open market transactions and 10b5-1 plans. The Company repurchased 2.2 million shares of its common stock for $24.0 million at an average price per share of $10.89 during the six months ended March 31, 2019. All shares have been retired upon repurchase.
On March 11, 2020, the World Health Organization declared the outbreak of COVID-19 a pandemic. As discussed in Note 18, the outbreak has resulted in, among other things, unprecedented macro-economic events. While, as of March 31, 2020, the remaining availability of the share repurchase program was $12.0 million, in light of the COVID-19 pandemic, the Company does not intend to make additional repurchases under the program for the remainder of the current fiscal year.
Inventory Valuation
Inventory assets are assessed for recoverability no less than quarterly in accordance with the policies described in Notes 2 and 5 to the audited consolidated financial statements within our 2019 Annual Report. Homebuilding inventories that are accounted for as held for development (projects in progress) include land and home construction assets grouped together as communities. Homebuilding inventories held for development are stated at cost (including direct construction costs, capitalized indirect costs, capitalized interest, and real estate taxes) unless facts and circumstances indicate that the carrying value of the assets may not be recoverable. For communities that have been idled (land held for future development), all applicable interest and real estate taxes are expensed as incurred, and the inventory is stated at cost unless facts and circumstances indicate that the carrying value of the assets may not be recoverable. We record land held for sale at the lower of the carrying value or fair value less costs to sell.
Revenue Recognition
We recognize revenue upon the transfer of promised goods to our customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which we expect to be entitled by applying the following five-step process specified in Accounting Standards Codification Topic 606.
•
Identify the contract(s) with a customer
•
Identify the performance obligations
•
Determine the transaction price
•
Allocate the transaction price
•
Recognize revenue when the performance obligations are met
The following table presents our total revenue disaggregated by revenue stream:
 
Three Months Ended
 
Six Months Ended
 
March 31,
 
March 31,
in thousands
2020
 
2019
 
2020
 
2019
Homebuilding revenue
$
487,986

 
$
420,945

 
$
905,385

 
$
821,927

Land sales and other revenue
1,427

 
315

 
1,832

 
1,373

Total revenue (a)
$
489,413

 
$
421,260

 
$
907,217

 
$
823,300

(a) Please see Note 15 for total revenue disaggregated by reportable segment.
Homebuilding revenue
Homebuilding revenue is reported net of any discounts and incentives and is generally recognized when title to and possession of the home are transferred to the buyer at the closing date. The performance obligation to deliver the home is generally satisfied in less than one year from the original contract date. Home sale contract assets consist of cash from home closings held by title companies in escrow for our benefit, typically for less than five days, and are considered accounts receivable. Contract liabilities include customer deposits related to sold but undelivered homes and totaled $17.1 million and $11.5 million as of March 31, 2020 and September 30, 2019, respectively. Of the customer liabilities outstanding as of September 30, 2019, $3.9 million and $10.0 million were recognized in revenue during the three and six months ended March 31, 2020, respectively, upon closing of the related homes.

8

Land sales and other revenue
Land sales revenue relates to land that does not fit within our homebuilding programs and strategic plans. Land sales typically require cash consideration on the closing date, which is generally when performance obligations are satisfied. In some periods, we also have other revenue related to broker fees as well as fees received for general contractor services that we perform on behalf of third parties. Revenue for broker and general contractor services are typically immaterial and are generally recognized as performance obligations are satisfied.
Recent Accounting Pronouncements
Leases. On October 1, 2019, we adopted Accounting Standards Update (ASU) No. 2016-02, Leases (ASU 2016-02) and related amendments, collectively codified in ASC 842, Leases (ASC 842). ASC 842 requires lessees to record most leases on their balance sheets by recognizing a right-of-use asset, representing the right to use the identified asset during the lease term, and a corresponding lease liability, representing the present value of the lease payments over the lease term. Lessor accounting will be largely similar to that under the previous accounting rules. ASC 842 also requires significantly enhanced disclosures around an entity's leases and the related accounting. As part of our adoption of ASC 842, we applied a modified retrospective approach, whereby prior year financial statements were not recast. As a result, our consolidated financial statements as of and for the year ending September 30, 2019 were not restated and continues to be reported under the previous lease standard (ASC 840) and is therefore not comparative. We also elected the package of transition practical expedients, which allowed us to not reassess (1) whether any expired or existing contracts are or contain leases, (2) the lease classification for any expired or existing leases, and (3) the initial direct costs for any existing leases. In addition, we elected the practical expedient that allows lessees to account for lease and non-lease components together as a single component for all leases. Upon adoption of ASC 842, we recorded net operating lease right-of-use (ROU) assets of $13.9 million and operating lease liabilities of $16.0 million. Existing prepaid rent and accrued rent were recorded as an offset to the gross operating lease ROU assets. The adoption of ASC 842 did not have any impact on our retained earnings. See Note 8 for additional discussion of our operating leases.
Fair Value Measurements. In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-13, Fair Value Measurement (Topic 820) - Disclosure Framework (ASU 2018-13). The updated guidance improves the disclosure requirements for fair value measurements. The updated guidance is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019 and interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption is permitted for any removed or modified disclosures. We are currently assessing the impact of adopting the updated provisions.
Internal-Use Software. In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-15, Intangibles-Goodwill and Other-Internal-Use Software (Subtopic 350-40): Customer's Accounting for Implementation Costs Incurred in a Cloud Computing Arrangement That is a Service Contract (ASU 2018-15). ASU 2018-15 aligns the requirements for capitalizing implementation costs incurred in a hosting arrangement that is a service contract with the requirements for capitalizing implementation costs incurred to develop or obtain internal-use software. This new guidance will be effective for public companies for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019 and interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption is permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the effect that the new guidance will have on its consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.
Reference Rate Reform. In March 2020, the FASB issued ASU 2020-04, Facilitation of the Effects of Reference Rate Reform on Financial Reporting (ASU 2020-04). ASU 2020-04 provides companies with optional guidance to ease the potential accounting burden associated with transitioning away from reference rates that are expected to be discontinued. This guidance is effective beginning on March 12, 2020, and we may elect to apply the amendments prospectively through December 31, 2022. The Company is currently evaluating the effect that the new guidance will have on its consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.

9

(3) Supplemental Cash Flow Information
The following table presents supplemental disclosure of non-cash and cash activity as well as a reconciliation of total cash balances between the condensed consolidated balance sheets and condensed consolidated statements of cash flows for the periods presented:
 
Six Months Ended
 
March 31,
in thousands
2020
 
2019
Supplemental disclosure of non-cash activity:
 
 
 
Beginning operating lease right-of-use asset (ASC 842 adoption)
$
13,895

 
$
—

Beginning operating lease liability (ASC 842 adoption)
16,028

 
—

Supplemental disclosure of cash activity:
 
 
 
Interest payments
$
28,731

 
$
48,277

Income tax payments
2

 
61

Tax refunds received
315

 
12

Reconciliation of cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash:
 
 
 
Cash and cash equivalents
$
294,265

 
$
86,441

Restricted cash
18,282

 
12,197

Total cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash shown in the statement of cash flows
$
312,547

 
$
98,638


10

(4) Investments in Unconsolidated Entities
Unconsolidated Entities
As of March 31, 2020, the Company participated in certain joint ventures and had investments in unconsolidated entities in which it had less than a controlling interest. The following table presents the Company's investment in these unconsolidated entities as well as the total equity and outstanding borrowings of these unconsolidated entities as of March 31, 2020 and September 30, 2019:
in thousands
March 31, 2020
 
September 30, 2019
Investment in unconsolidated entities
$
4,040

 
$
3,962

Total equity of unconsolidated entities
6,679

 
9,969

Total outstanding borrowings of unconsolidated entities
12,614

 
12,658

Equity in income from unconsolidated entity activities included in income from continuing operations is as follows for the periods presented:
 
Three Months Ended
 
Six Months Ended
 
March 31,
 
March 31,
in thousands
2020
 
2019
 
2020
 
2019
Equity in income of unconsolidated entities
$
147

 
$
81

 
$
134

 
$
17

For the three and six months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019, there were no impairments related to investments in unconsolidated entities.
Guarantees
Historically, the Company's joint ventures typically obtained secured acquisition, development, and construction financing. In addition, the Company and its joint venture partners provided varying levels of guarantees of debt and other debt-related obligations for these unconsolidated entities. However, as of March 31, 2020 and September 30, 2019, the Company had no outstanding guarantees or other debt-related obligations related to our investments in unconsolidated entities.
The Company and its joint venture partners generally provide unsecured environmental indemnities to land development joint venture project lenders. These indemnities obligate the Company to reimburse the project lenders for claims related to environmental matters for which they are held responsible. During the three and six months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019, the Company was not required to make any payments related to environmental indemnities.
In assessing the need to record a liability for these guarantees, the Company considers its historical experience in being required to perform under the guarantees, the fair value of the collateral underlying these guarantees, and the financial condition of the applicable unconsolidated entities. In addition, the fair value of the collateral of unconsolidated entities is monitored to ensure that the related borrowings do not exceed the specified percentage of the value of the property securing the borrowings. As of March 31, 2020, no liability was recorded for the contingent aspects of any guarantees that were determined to be reasonably possible but not probable.

11

(5) Inventory
The components of our owned inventory are as follows as of March 31, 2020 and September 30, 2019:
in thousands
March 31, 2020
 
September 30, 2019
Homes under construction
$
634,380

 
$
507,542

Development projects in progress
706,691

 
738,201

Land held for future development
28,531

 
28,531

Land held for sale
10,716

 
12,662

Capitalized interest
134,693

 
136,565

Model homes
80,289

 
80,747

Total owned inventory
$
1,595,300

 
$
1,504,248

Homes under construction include homes substantially finished and ready for delivery and homes in various stages of construction, including the cost of the underlying lot. We had 243 (with a cost of $80.5 million) and 238 (with a cost of $82.2 million) substantially completed homes that were not subject to a sales contract (spec homes) as of March 31, 2020 and September 30, 2019, respectively.
Development projects in progress consist principally of land acquisition, land development and other common costs. These land related costs are allocated to individual lots on a pro-rata basis, and the lot costs are transferred to homes under construction when home construction begins for the respective lots. Certain of the fully developed lots in this category are reserved by a customer deposit or sales contract.
Land held for future development consists of communities for which construction and development activities are expected to occur in the future or have been idled and are stated at cost unless facts and circumstances indicate that the carrying value of the assets may not be recoverable. All applicable interest and real estate taxes on land held for future development are expensed as incurred.
Land held for sale includes land and lots that do not fit within our homebuilding programs and strategic plans in certain markets, and land is classified as held for sale once certain criteria are met (refer to Note 2 to the audited consolidated financial statements within our 2019 Annual Report). These assets are recorded at the lower of the carrying value or fair value less costs to sell.
The amount of interest we are able to capitalize depends on our qualified inventory balance, which considers the status of our inventory holdings. Our qualified inventory balance includes the majority of our homes under construction and development projects in progress but excludes land held for future development and land held for sale (see Note 6 for additional information on capitalized interest).

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 


12

Total owned inventory by reportable segment is presented in the table below as of March 31, 2020 and September 30, 2019:
in thousands
Projects in
Progress (a)
 
Land Held for Future Development
 
Land Held for Sale
 
Total Owned
Inventory
March 31, 2020
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
West Segment
$
747,692

 
$
3,483

 
$
4,153

 
$
755,328

East Segment
279,900

 
14,077

 
3,166

 
297,143

Southeast Segment
332,548

 
10,971

 
3,397

 
346,916

Corporate and unallocated (b)
195,913


—

 
—

 
195,913

Total
$
1,556,053

 
$
28,531

 
$
10,716

 
$
1,595,300

September 30, 2019
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
West Segment
$
723,094

 
$
3,483

 
$
5,160

 
$
731,737

East Segment
228,937

 
14,077

 
4,104

 
247,118

Southeast Segment
318,737

 
10,971

 
3,398

 
333,106

Corporate and unallocated (b)
192,287

 
—

 
—

 
192,287

Total
$
1,463,055

 
$
28,531

 
$
12,662

 
$
1,504,248

(a) Projects in progress include homes under construction, development projects in progress, capitalized interest, and model home categories from the preceding table.
(b) Projects in progress amount includes capitalized interest and indirect costs that are maintained within our Corporate and unallocated segment.
Inventory Impairments
When conducting our community level review for the recoverability of inventory related to projects in progress, we establish a quarterly “watch list” comprised of communities that carry profit margins in backlog or in our forecast that are below a minimum threshold of profitability, as well as recent closings that have gross margins less than a specified threshold. Each community is first evaluated qualitatively to determine if there are temporary factors driving the low profitability levels. Following our qualitative evaluation, communities with more than ten homes remaining to close are subjected to additional financial and operational review that considers the competitive environment and other factors contributing to gross margins below our watch list threshold. Our assumptions about future home sales prices and absorption rates require significant judgment because the residential homebuilding industry is cyclical and is highly sensitive to changes in economic conditions. For certain communities, it may be prudent to reduce sales prices or further increase sales incentives in response to a variety of factors, including competitive market conditions in those specific submarkets for the product and locations of these communities. For communities where the current competitive and market dynamics indicate that assets may not be recoverable, a formal impairment analysis is performed. The formal impairment analysis consists of both qualitative considerations and quantitative analyses reflecting market and asset specific information.
As discussed in Note 2 and Note 18, the unprecedented macro-economic events stemming from the COVID-19 pandemic have caused significant disruptions to the United States and global economies. The Company has experienced increasingly adverse business conditions as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, including a slowdown in customer traffic and sales pace and an increase in cancellations. When conducting our community level review for the recoverability of inventory, we considered the current and expected future impact of COVID-19 on market conditions and our operations. As of March 31, 2020 and taking into consideration the factors discussed above, we identified three communities on our quarterly watch list. No impairment charges were recognized upon analyzing the relevant qualitative and quantitative factors. However, because the full magnitude and duration of the COVID-19 pandemic is uncertain and difficult to predict, changes in our cash flow projections may change our conclusions on the recoverability of inventory in the future.
As of March 31, 2019, there were twelve communities on our quarterly watch list that required further analysis to be performed after considering the lots remaining in each community and certain other qualitative factors. This additional analysis led to a $109.0 million impairment charge for nine of these communities, principally due to a reduction in price that is other than temporary based on competitive and market dynamics. Concurrently, we performed a strategic review of our remaining land held for future development assets in California and determined to sell these parcels. As a consequence of change in strategy with respect to the future use of these assets, we recognized land held for sale impairments totaling $38.6 million for six communities.
Impairments on land held for sale generally represent write downs of these properties to net realizable value and are based on current market conditions and our review of recent comparable transactions. Our assumptions related to land sales prices require significant judgment because the real estate market is highly sensitive to changes in economic conditions, and our estimates of sale prices could differ significantly from actual results.

13

From time-to-time, we also determine that the proper course of action with respect to a community is to not exercise an option and to write off the deposit securing the option takedown and the related pre-acquisition costs, as applicable. In determining whether to abandon lots or lot option contracts, our evaluation is primarily based upon the expected cash flows from the property. Additionally, in certain limited instances, we are forced to abandon lots due to permitting or other regulatory issues that do not allow us to build on those lots. If we intend to abandon or walk away from a property, we record a charge to earnings for the deposit amount and any related capitalized costs in the period such decision is made. Abandonment charges generally relate to our decision to abandon lots or not exercise certain option contracts that are not projected to produce adequate results, no longer fit with our long-term strategic plan or, in limited circumstances, are not suitable for building due to regulatory or environmental restrictions that are enacted.
Lot Option Agreements and Variable Interest Entities (VIE)
As previously discussed, we also have access to land inventory through lot option contracts, which generally enable us to defer acquiring portions of properties owned by third parties and unconsolidated entities until we have determined whether to exercise our lot option. The majority of our lot option contracts require a non-refundable cash deposit or irrevocable letter of credit based on a percentage of the purchase price of the land for the right to acquire lots during a specified period of time at a specified price. Under lot option contracts, purchase of the properties is contingent upon satisfaction of certain requirements by us and the sellers. Our liability under option contracts is generally limited to forfeiture of the non-refundable deposits, letters of credit, and other non-refundable amounts incurred. We expect to exercise, subject to market conditions and seller satisfaction of contract terms, most of our remaining option contracts. Various factors, some of which are beyond our control, such as market conditions, weather conditions, and the timing of the completion of development activities, will have a significant impact on the timing of option exercises or whether lot options will be exercised at all.
The following table provides a summary of our interests in lot option agreements as of March 31, 2020 and September 30, 2019:
in thousands
Deposits &
Non-refundable
Pre-acquisition
Costs Incurred
 
Remaining
Obligation
As of March 31, 2020
 
 
 
Unconsolidated lot option agreements
$
67,557

 
$
382,412

As of September 30, 2019
 
 
 
Unconsolidated lot option agreements
$
78,202

 
$
389,705


14

(6) Interest
Interest capitalized during the three and six months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019 was limited by the balance of inventory eligible for capitalization. The following table presents certain information regarding interest for the periods presented:
 
Three Months Ended March 31,
 
Six Months Ended March 31,
in thousands
2020
 
2019
 
2020
 
2019
Capitalized interest in inventory, beginning of period
$
137,010

 
$
151,886

 
$
136,565

 
$
144,645

Interest incurred
22,271

 
25,803

 
43,827

 
50,724

Capitalized interest impaired
—

 
(13,792
)
 
—

 
(13,907
)
Interest expense not qualified for capitalization and included as other expense (a)
(1,928
)
 
(597
)
 
(3,370
)
 
(839
)
Capitalized interest amortized to home construction and land sales expenses (b)
(22,660
)
 
(18,544
)
 
(42,329
)
 
(35,867
)
Capitalized interest in inventory, end of period
$
134,693

 
$
144,756

 
$
134,693

 
$
144,756

(a) The amount of interest capitalized depends on the qualified inventory balance, which considers the status of the Company's inventory holdings. The qualified inventory balance includes the majority of homes under construction and development projects in progress but excludes land held for future development and land held for sale.
(b) Capitalized interest amortized to home construction and land sales expenses varies based on the number of homes closed during the period and land sales, if any, as well as other factors.

15

(7) Borrowings
The Company's debt, net of unamortized debt issuance costs consisted of the following as of March 31, 2020 and September 30, 2019:
in thousands
Final Maturity Date
 
March 31, 2020
 
September 30, 2019
Senior Unsecured Term Loan (Term Loan)
September 2022
 
$
150,000

 
$
150,000

6 3/4% Senior Notes (2025 Notes)
March 2025
 
229,555

 
229,555

5 7/8% Senior Notes (2027 Notes)
October 2027
 
394,000

 
394,000

7 1/4% Senior Notes (2029 Notes)
October 2029
 
350,000

 
350,000

Unamortized debt issuance costs
 
 
(11,867
)
 
(12,470
)
Total Senior Notes, net
 
 
1,111,688

 
1,111,085

Junior Subordinated Notes (net of unamortized accretion of $33,669 and $34,703, respectively)
July 2036
 
67,104

 
66,070

Revolving Credit Facility
February 2022
 
250,000

 
—

Other Secured Notes payable
Various Dates
 
—

 
1,154

Total debt, net
 
 
$
1,428,792

 
$
1,178,309

Secured Revolving Credit Facility
The Secured Revolving Credit Facility (the Facility) provides working capital and letter of credit capacity of $250.0 million with four lenders. For additional discussion of the Facility, refer to Note 8 to the audited consolidated financial statements within our 2019 Annual Report.
As a precautionary measure to increase our cash position and preserve flexibility in light of the COVID-19 pandemic discussed in Note 2 and Note 18, on March 13, 2020, the Company elected to draw down all of the $250.0 million of available amounts under the Facility. Accordingly, as of March 31, 2020, $250.0 million of borrowings and no letters of credit were outstanding under the Facility, resulting in no remaining capacity. As of September 30, 2019, no borrowings and no letters of credit were outstanding under the Facility. The Facility requires compliance with certain covenants, including negative covenants and financial covenants. As of March 31, 2020, the Company was in compliance with all such covenants.
Senior Unsecured Term Loan
On September 9, 2019, the Company entered into a term loan agreement, which provides for a Senior Unsecured Term Loan (the Term Loan) in an aggregate principal amount of up to$150.0 million. The Term Loan will (1) mature in September 2022, with $50.0 million annual repayment installments in September 2020 and September 2021; (2) bears interest at a fixed rate of 4.875%; and (3) includes an option to prepay, subject to certain conditions and the payment of certain premiums. The Term Loan contains covenants generally consistent with the covenants contained in the Facility. As of March 31, 2020, the Company was in compliance with all such covenants.

16

Letter of Credit Facilities
The Company has entered into stand-alone, cash-secured letter of credit agreements with banks to maintain pre-existing letters of credit and to provide for the issuance of new letters of credit (in addition to the letters of credit issued under the Facility). As of March 31, 2020 and September 30, 2019, the Company had letters of credit outstanding under these additional facilities of $16.7 million and $14.1 million, respectively, all of which were secured by cash collateral in restricted accounts. The Company may enter into additional arrangements to provide additional letter of credit capacity.
In May 2018, the Company entered into a reimbursement agreement, which provides for the issuance of performance letters of credit, and an unsecured credit agreement that provides for the issuance of up to $50.0 million of standby letters of credit to backstop the Company's obligations under the reimbursement agreement (collectively, the "Bilateral Facility"). The Bilateral Facility will terminate on June 10, 2021. As of March 31, 2020, the total stated amount of performance letters of credit issued under the reimbursement agreement was $39.4 million (and the stated amount of the backstop standby letter of credit issued under the credit agreement was $40.0 million). The Company may enter into additional arrangements to provide greater letter of credit capacity.
Senior Notes
The Company's Senior Notes are unsecured obligations ranking pari passu with all other existing and future senior indebtedness. Substantially all of the Company's significant subsidiaries are full and unconditional guarantors of the Senior Notes and are jointly and severally liable for obligations under the Senior Notes and the Facility. Each guarantor subsidiary is a 100% owned subsidiary of Beazer Homes. See Note 16 for further information.
All unsecured Senior Notes rank equally in right of payment with all existing and future senior unsecured obligations, senior to all of the Company's existing and future subordinated indebtedness and effectively subordinated to the Company's existing and future secured indebtedness, including indebtedness under the Facility, if outstanding, to the extent of the value of the assets securing such indebtedness. The unsecured Senior Notes and related guarantees are structurally subordinated to all indebtedness and other liabilities of all of the Company's subsidiaries that do not guarantee these notes but are fully and unconditionally guaranteed jointly and severally on a senior basis by the Company's wholly-owned subsidiaries party to each applicable indenture.
The Company's Senior Notes are issued under indentures that contain certain restrictive covenants which, among other things, restrict our ability to pay dividends, repurchase our common stock, incur certain types of additional indebtedness, and make certain investments. Compliance with the Senior Note covenants does not significantly impact the Company's operations. The Company is in compliance with the covenants contained in the indentures of all of its Senior Notes as of March 31, 2020.

17

For additional redemption features, refer to the table below that summarizes the redemption terms of our Senior Notes:
Senior Note Description
 
Issuance Date
 
Maturity Date
 
Redemption Terms
6 3/4% Senior Notes
 
March 2017
 
March 2025
 
On or prior to March 15, 2020, we may redeem up to 35% of the aggregate principal amount of the 2025 Notes with the net cash proceeds of certain equity offerings at a redemption price equal to 106.750% of the principal amount, plus accrued and unpaid interest to, but excluding, the redemption date, provided at least 65% of the aggregate principal amount of the 2025 Notes originally issued remains outstanding immediately after such redemption.
 
 
 
Callable at any time prior to March 15, 2020, in whole or in part, at a redemption price equal to 100.000% of the principal amount, plus a customary make-whole premium; on or after March 15, 2020, callable at a redemption price equal to 105.063% of the principal amount; on or after March 15, 2021, callable at a redemption price equal to 103.375% of the principal amount; on or after March 15, 2022, callable at a redemption price equal to 101.688% of the principal amount; on or after March 15, 2023, callable at a redemption price equal to 100.000% of the principal amount, plus, in each case, accrued and unpaid interest.
5 7/8% Senior Notes
 
October 2017
 
October 2027
 
On or prior to October 15, 2022, we may redeem up to 35% of the aggregate principal amount of the 2027 Notes with the net cash proceeds of certain equity offerings at a redemption price equal to 105.875% of the principal amount, plus accrued and unpaid interest to, but excluding, the redemption date, provided at least 65% of the aggregate principal amount of the 2027 Notes originally issued remains outstanding immediately after such redemption.
 
 
 
Callable at any time prior to October 15, 2022, in whole or in part, at a redemption price equal to 100.000% of the principal amount, plus a customary make-whole premium; on or after October 15, 2022, callable at a redemption price equal to 102.938% of the principal amount; on or after October 15, 2023, callable at a redemption price equal to 101.958% of the principal amount; on or after October 15, 2024, callable at a redemption price equal to 100.979% of the principal amount; on or after October 15, 2025, callable at a redemption price equal to 100.000% of the principal amount, plus, in each case, accrued and unpaid interest.
7 1/4% Senior Notes
 
September 2019
 
October 2029
 
On or prior to October 15, 2022, we may redeem up to 35% of the aggregate principal amount of the 2029 Notes with the net cash proceeds of certain equity offerings at a redemption price equal to 107.250% of the principal amount, plus accrued and unpaid interest to, but excluding, the redemption date, provided at least 65% of the aggregate principal amount of the 2029 Notes originally issued remains outstanding immediately after such redemption.
 
 
 
Callable at any time prior to October 15, 2024, in whole or in part, at a redemption price equal to 100.000% of the principal amount, plus a customary make-whole premium; on or after October 15, 2024, callable at a redemption price equal to 103.625% of the principal amount; on or after October 15, 2025, callable at a redemption price equal to 102.417% of the principal amount; on or after October 15, 2026, callable at a redemption price equal to 101.208% of the principal amount; on or after October 15, 2027, callable at a redemption price equal to 100.000% of the principal amount, plus, in each case, accrued and unpaid interest.

18

Junior Subordinated Notes
The Company's unsecured junior subordinated notes (Junior Subordinated Notes) mature on July 30, 2036. The Junior Subordinated Notes are redeemable at par and paid interest at a fixed rate of 7.987% for the first ten years ending July 30, 2016. The securities now have a floating interest rate as defined in the Junior Subordinated Notes Indenture, which was a weighted-average of 4.25% as of March 31, 2020. The obligations relating to these notes are subordinated to the Facility and the Senior Notes. In January 2010, the Company modified the terms of $75.0 million of these notes and recorded them at their then estimated fair value. Over the remaining life of the Junior Subordinated Notes, we will increase their carrying value until this carrying value equals the face value of the notes. As of March 31, 2020, the unamortized accretion was $33.7 million and will be amortized over the remaining life of the notes. As of March 31, 2020, the Company was in compliance with all covenants under the Junior Subordinated Notes.
(8) Operating Leases
The Company leases certain office space and equipment under operating leases for use in our operations. We recognize operating lease expense on a straight-line basis over the lease term. Certain of our lease agreements include one or more options to renew. The exercise of lease renewal options is generally at our discretion. Variable lease expense primarily relates to maintenance and other monthly expense that do not depend on an index or rate.
We determine if an arrangement is a lease at contract inception. Lease and non-lease components are accounted for as a single component for all leases. Operating lease ROU assets and liabilities are recognized at the lease commencement date based on the present value of the future lease payments over the expected lease term, which includes optional renewal periods if we determine it is reasonably certain that the option will be exercised. As our leases do not provide an implicit rate, the discount rate used in the present value calculation represents our incremental borrowing rate determined using information available at the commencement date.
Operating lease expense is included as a component of general and administrative expenses in our condensed consolidated statements of operations. For the three and six months ended March 31, 2020, we recorded operating lease expense of $1.1 million and $2.3 million, respectively. Cash payments on lease liabilities during the three and six months ended March 31, 2020 totaled $1.3 million and $2.4 million, respectively. Sublease income and variable lease expenses are de minimis. The Company increased both its operating lease ROU asset and operating lease liability by $3.1 million as a result of an additional lease that commenced during the three and six months ended March 31, 2020.
At March 31, 2020, weighted-average remaining lease term and discount rate were as follows:
Weighted-average remaining lease term
5.3 years
Weighted-average discount rate
4.88%
The following is a maturity analysis of the annual undiscounted cash flows reconciled to the carrying value of the operating lease liabilities as of March 31, 2020:
Fiscal Years Ending September 30,
 
in thousands
 
2020 (a)
$
2,275

2021
4,573

2022
3,743

2023
2,933

2024
1,818

Thereafter
4,270

Total lease payments
19,612

Less: imputed interest
2,465

Total operating lease liabilities
$
17,147

(a) Remaining lease payments are for the period beginning April 1, 2020 through September 30, 2020.
At September 30, 2019, under ASC 840, Leases (“ASC 840”), the future minimum rental commitments totaled $20.1 million under non-cancelable operating leases as follows: 2020 - $4.7 million; 2021 - $4.5 million; 2022 - $3.6 million; 2023 - $2.9 million; 2024 - $1.8 million; and $2.6 million thereafter.

19

(9) Contingencies
Beazer Homes and certain of its subsidiaries have been and continue to be named as defendants in various construction defect claims, complaints, and other legal actions. The Company is subject to the possibility of loss contingencies related to these defects as well as others arising from its business. In determining loss contingencies, we consider the likelihood of loss and our ability to reasonably estimate the amount of such loss. An estimated loss is recorded when it is considered probable that a liability has been incurred and the amount of loss can be reasonably estimated.
Warranty Reserves
We currently provide a limited warranty ranging from one to two years covering workmanship and materials per our defined quality standards. In addition, we provide a limited warranty for up to ten years covering only certain defined structural element failures.
Our homebuilding work is performed by subcontractors who typically must agree to indemnify us with regard to their work and provide certificates of insurance demonstrating that they have met our insurance requirements and have named us as an additional insured under their policies. Therefore, many claims relating to workmanship and materials that result in warranty spending are the primary responsibility of these subcontractors. In addition, we maintain insurance coverage related to our construction efforts that can result in recoveries of warranty and construction defect costs above certain specified limits.
Warranty reserves are included in other liabilities within the condensed consolidated balance sheets, and the provision for warranty accruals is included in home construction expenses in the condensed consolidated statements of operations. Reserves covering anticipated warranty expenses are recorded for each home closed. Management assesses the adequacy of warranty reserves each reporting period based on historical experience and the expected costs to remediate potential claims. Our review includes a quarterly analysis of the historical data and trends in warranty expense by division. Such analysis considers market-specific factors such as warranty experience, the number of home closings, the prices of homes, product mix, and other data in estimating warranty reserves. In addition, the analysis also contemplates the existence of any non-recurring or community-specific warranty-related matters that might not be included in historical data and trends. While estimated warranty liabilities are adjusted each reporting period based on the results of our quarterly analyses, we may not accurately predict actual warranty costs, which could lead to significant changes in the reserve.
Changes in warranty reserves are as follows for the periods presented:
 
Three Months Ended
 
Six Months Ended
 
March 31,
 
March 31,
in thousands
2020
 
2019
 
2020
 
2019
Balance at beginning of period
$
12,646

 
$
13,432

 
$
13,388

 
$
15,331

Accruals for warranties issued (a)
2,707

 
2,490

 
4,372

 
4,854

Changes in liability related to warranties existing in prior periods
(1,151
)
 
(663
)
 
(1,084
)
 
(1,968
)
Payments made
(2,144
)
 
(2,674
)
 
(4,618
)
 
(5,632
)
Balance at end of period
$
12,058

 
$
12,585

 
$
12,058

 
$
12,585

(a) Accruals for warranties issued are a function of the number of home closings in the period, the selling prices of the homes closed, and the rates of accrual per home estimated as a percentage of the selling price of the home.
Insurance Recoveries
The Company has insurance policies that provide for the reimbursement of certain warranty costs incurred above specified thresholds for each period covered. Amounts recorded for anticipated insurance recoveries are reflected within the condensed consolidated statements of income as a reduction of home construction expenses. Amounts not yet received from our insurer are recorded on a gross basis, without any reduction for the associated warranty expense, within accounts receivable on our condensed consolidated balance sheets.

20

Litigation
In the normal course of business, we are subject to various lawsuits. We cannot predict or determine the timing or final outcome of these lawsuits or the effect that any adverse findings or determinations in pending lawsuits may have on us. In addition, an estimate of possible loss or range of loss, if any, cannot presently be made with respect to certain of these pending matters. An unfavorable determination in any of the pending lawsuits could result in the payment by us of substantial monetary damages that may not be fully covered by insurance. Further, the legal costs associated with the lawsuits and the amount of time required to be spent by management and our Board of Directors on these matters, even if we are ultimately successful, could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition, results of operations, or cash flows.
Claims Related to Inventory Impairment Charges. During the quarter ended March 31, 2019, we recognized inventory impairment charges related to 15 communities in California, all of which were previously land held for future development assets. Related to these inventory impairment charges, on June 5, 2019, a putative class action lawsuit was filed against Beazer Homes USA, Inc. and certain of our officers in the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of New York. The proposed class consisted of all persons and entities that acquired our securities between August 1, 2014 and May 2, 2019. On October 18, 2019, the plaintiffs filed a notice of voluntary dismissal of this case, and the Court subsequently entered an order dismissing the case.
Beginning June 25, 2019, several shareholder derivative lawsuits relating to the same inventory impairment charges discussed above were filed against Beazer Homes USA, Inc., certain of our officers and members of our Board of Directors in the U.S. District Court for the Northern District of Georgia. The plaintiffs in these cases allege breaches of fiduciary duty, unjust enrichment and violations of the federal securities laws. The plaintiffs seek, among other things, monetary damages, disgorgement of profits and attorneys’ and experts’ fees, but do not specify any specific amounts. We believe the allegations are without merit and intend to vigorously defend against the claims. However, because the outcome of these legal proceedings cannot be predicted with certainty, we have determined that the amount of any possible losses or range of possible losses in connection with these matters is not reasonably estimable.
Other Matters
We and certain of our subsidiaries have been named as defendants in various claims, complaints, and other legal actions, most relating to construction defects, moisture intrusion, and product liability. Certain of the liabilities resulting from these actions are covered in whole or in part by insurance. In our opinion, based on our current assessment, the ultimate resolution of these matters will not have a material adverse effect on our financial condition, results of operations, or cash flows.
We have an accrual of $3.5 million and $3.4 million in other liabilities on our condensed consolidated balance sheets related to litigation and other matters, excluding warranty, as of March 31, 2020 and September 30, 2019, respectively.
We had outstanding letters of credit and performance bonds of approximately $56.1 million and $265.6 million, respectively, as of March 31, 2020, related principally to our obligations to local governments to construct roads and other improvements in various developments.
(10) Fair Value Measurements
As of the dates presented, we had assets on our condensed consolidated balance sheets that were required to be measured at fair value on a recurring or non-recurring basis. We use a fair value hierarchy that requires us to maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs when measuring fair value as follows:
•
Level 1 – Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities;
•
Level 2 – Inputs other than quoted prices included in Level 1 that are observable either directly or indirectly through corroboration with market data; and
•
Level 3 – Unobservable inputs that reflect our own estimates about the assumptions market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability.
Certain of our assets are required to be recorded at fair value on a recurring basis. The fair value of our deferred compensation plan assets is based on market-corroborated inputs (Level 2).

21

Certain of our assets are required to be recorded at fair value on a non-recurring basis when events and circumstances indicate that the carrying value of these assets may not be recovered. We review our long-lived assets, including inventory, for recoverability when factors indicate an impairment may exist, but no less than quarterly. Fair value on assets deemed to be impaired is determined based upon the type of asset being evaluated. Fair value of our owned inventory assets, when required to be calculated, is further discussed within Notes 2 and 5. The fair value of our investments in unconsolidated entities is determined primarily using a discounted cash flow model to value the underlying net assets of the respective entities. Due to the substantial use of unobservable inputs in valuing the assets on a non-recurring basis, they are classified within Level 3.
During the three months ended March 31, 2020, we recognized no impairments on development projects in progress or land held for sale compared to $109.0 million impairments on development projects in progress and $38.6 million impairments on land held for sale during the three months ended March 31, 2019.
During the six months ended March 31, 2020, we recognized no impairments on projects in process or land held for sale compared to $110.0 million in impairments on projects in process and $38.6 million on land held for sale during the six months ended March 31, 2019.
Determining within which hierarchical level an asset or liability falls requires significant judgment. We evaluate our hierarchy disclosures each quarter.
The following table presents the period-end balances of assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis and the impairment-date fair value of certain assets measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis for each hierarchy level. These balances represent only those assets whose carrying values were adjusted to fair value during the periods presented:
in thousands
Level 1
 
Level 2
 
Level 3
 
Total
As of March 31, 2020
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Deferred compensation plan assets (a)
$
—

 
$
2,197

 
$
—

 
$
2,197

As of September 30, 2019
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Deferred compensation plan assets (a)
$
—

 
$
1,970

 
$
—

 
$
1,970

Development projects in progress (b)
—

 
—

 
84,982

(c) 
84,982

Land held for sale (b)
—

 
—

 
5,207

(c) 
5,207

(a) Measured at fair value on a recurring basis.
(b) Measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis, including the capitalized interest and indirect costs related to the asset.
(c) Amount represents the impairment-date fair value of the development projects in progress and land held for sale assets that were impaired during the period indicated.
The fair value of cash and cash equivalents, restricted cash, accounts receivable, trade accounts payable, other liabilities, amounts due under the Facility (if outstanding), and other secured notes payable approximate their carrying amounts due to the short maturity of these assets and liabilities. When outstanding, obligations related to land not owned under option agreements approximate fair value.

22

The following table presents the carrying value and estimated fair value of certain other financial liabilities as of March 31, 2020 and September 30, 2019:
 
As of March 31, 2020
 
As of September 30, 2019
in thousands
Carrying
Amount (a)
 
Fair Value
 
Carrying
Amount (a)
 
Fair Value
Senior Notes (b)
$
1,111,688

 
$
883,426

 
$
1,111,085

 
$
1,115,011

Junior Subordinated Notes (c)
67,104

 
67,104

 
66,070

 
66,070

Total
$
1,178,792

 
$
950,530

 
$
1,177,155

 
$
1,181,081

(a) Carrying amounts are net of unamortized debt premiums/discounts, debt issuance costs, or accretion.
(b) The estimated fair value for our publicly-held Senior Notes has been determined using quoted market rates (Level 2).
(c) Since there is no trading market for our Junior Subordinated Notes, the fair value of these notes is estimated by discounting scheduled cash flows through maturity (Level 3). The discount rate is estimated using market rates currently being offered on loans with similar terms and credit quality. Judgment is required in interpreting market data to develop these estimates of fair value. Accordingly, the estimates presented herein are not necessarily indicative of the amounts that we could realize in a current market exchange.
(11) Income Taxes
Income Tax Provision
The Company's income tax provision for quarterly interim periods is based on an estimated annual effective income tax rate calculated separately from the effect of significant, infrequent, or unusual items. The total income tax provision, including discontinued operations, was a tax expense of $4.2 million and $3.9 million for the three and six months ended March 31, 2020, respectively, compared to an income tax benefit of $38.2 million and $42.1 million for the three and six months ended March 31, 2019, respectively. Income tax expense for the six months ended March 31, 2020 was substantially driven by (1) income from continuing operations, partially offset by (2) the completion of work necessary to claim an additional $0.8 million in tax credits related to prior fiscal years, and (3) the discrete impact related to stock-based compensation expense as a result of current period activity. Income tax benefit for the six months ended March 31, 2019 was primarily driven by (1) $148.6 million of book impairments on our land inventory assets, and (2) the completion of work necessary to claim an additional $5.4 million in tax credits related to prior fiscal years, partially offset by (3) the discrete impact related to our stock-based compensation expense.
Deferred Tax Assets and Liabilities
As of December 31, 2019, the net deferred tax asset was comprised of various tax attributes that included $4.6 million of minimum tax credit carryforwards. Beginning in our fiscal 2019, the Company started making cash refund claims for significant portions of these credits due to the elimination of the alternative minimum tax in the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act. On March 27, 2020, the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security (CARES) Act was signed into law. The CARES Act provides companies with the ability to make a refund claim for their entire minimum tax carryforward as early as their 2018 tax return. As a result, we have reduced our deferred tax asset by the remaining $4.6 million of minimum tax credits and increased our tax receivable for the refund we expect to receive with the filing of our fiscal 2019 tax return.
The Company continues to evaluate its deferred tax assets each period to determine if a valuation allowance is required based on whether it is more likely than not that some portion of these deferred tax assets will not be realized. As of March 31, 2020, management concluded that it is more likely than not that a substantial portion of our deferred tax assets will be realized. As part of our analysis, we considered both positive and negative factors that impact profitability and whether those factors would lead to a change in the estimate of our deferred tax assets that may be realized in the future. In the current period, we began to see impacts on our business as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, including a slowdown in customer traffic and sales pace and an increase in cancellations. We will continue to monitor the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on our business, and any sustained or prolonged reductions in future earnings periods may change our conclusions on whether we are more likely than not to realize portions of our deferred tax assets. At this time, our conclusions on the valuation allowance and Internal Revenue Code Section 382 limitations related to our deferred tax assets remain consistent with the determinations we made during the period ended September 30, 2019, and such conclusions are based on similar company specific and industry factors to those discussed in Note 13 to the audited consolidated financial statements within our 2019 Annual Report.

23

(12) Stock-based Compensation
Stock-based compensation expense is included in general and administrative expenses in the condensed consolidated statements of operations. Following is a summary of stock-based compensation expense related to stock options and restricted stock awards for the three and six months ended March 31, 2020 and March 31, 2019, respectively.
 
Three Months Ended
 
Six Months Ended
 
March 31,
 
March 31,
in thousands
2020
 
2019
 
2020
 
2019
Stock-based compensation expense
$
899

 
$
2,180

 
$
3,210

 
$
4,294

Stock Options
Following is a summary of stock option activity for the six months ended March 31, 2020:
 
Six Months Ended
 
March 31, 2020
 
Shares
 
Weighted Average
Exercise Price
Outstanding at beginning of period
523,754

 
$
14.34

Granted
950

 
10.67

Exercised
(126,492
)
 
11.05

Cancelled
(2,350
)
 
9.70

Outstanding at end of period
395,862

 
$
15.42

Exercisable at end of period
363,556

 
$
15.65

Vested or expected to vest in the future
394,502

 
$
15.43

As of March 31, 2020 and September 30, 2019, total unrecognized compensation cost related to unvested stock options was $0.1 million and $0.1 million, respectively. The remaining cost as of March 31, 2020 is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of 0.77 years.
Restricted Stock Awards
During the six months ended March 31, 2020, the Company issued time-based restricted stock awards that vest ratably over three years on each anniversary from the grant date and performance-based restricted stock awards with a payout subject to the achievement of performance and market conditions over a three-year period.
Following is a summary of restricted stock activity for the six months ended March 31, 2020:
 
Six Months Ended March 31, 2020
 
Performance-Based Restricted Shares
 
Time-Based Restricted Shares
 
Total Restricted Shares
Beginning of period
778,814

 
611,607

 
1,390,421

Granted
260,131

 
320,236

 
580,367

Vested
(242,921
)
 
(291,846
)
 
(534,767
)
Forfeited
—

 
(11,448
)
 
(11,448
)
End of period
796,024

 
628,549

 
1,424,573

Each of our performance-based restricted share represents a contingent right to receive one share of the Company's common stock if vesting is satisfied at the end of the three-year performance period. Our performance stock award plans provide that any performance shares earned in excess of the target number of performance shares issued may be settled in cash or additional shares at the discretion of the Compensation Committee. In November 2019, we cash settled 135,337 shares earned above target level based on the performance level achieved under our 2017 performance-based award plan. The cash payment totaled $2.1 million, which was reflected as a reduction to paid-in capital in the accompanying condensed consolidated statements of stockholders' equity. We have not cash settled any such performance-based awards prior to or subsequent to the November 2019 transaction, and we have no current plans to cash settle any additional performance-based restricted shares in the future.

24

As of March 31, 2020 and September 30, 2019, total unrecognized compensation cost related to unvested restricted stock awards was $13.3 million and $9.0 million, respectively. The remaining cost as of March 31, 2020 is expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of 2.00 years.
(13) Earnings Per Share
Basic income (loss) per share is calculated by dividing net income (loss) by the weighted-average number of shares outstanding during the period. Diluted income (loss) per share adjusts the basic income (loss) per share for the effects of any potentially dilutive securities in periods in which the Company has net income and such effects are dilutive under the treasury stock method.
Following is a summary of the components of basic and diluted income (loss) per share for the periods presented:
 
Three Months Ended March 31,
 
Six Months Ended March 31,
in thousands, except per share data
2020
 
2019
 
2020
 
2019
Numerator:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Income (loss) from continuing operations
$
10,615

 
$
(100,832
)
 
$
13,419

 
$
(93,510
)
Loss from discontinued operations, net of tax
(1
)
 
(30
)
 
(59
)
 
(41
)
Net income
$
10,614

 
$
(100,862
)
 
$
13,360

 
$
(93,551
)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Denominator:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Basic weighted-average shares
29,868

 
30,714

 
29,808

 
31,263

Dilutive effect of restricted stock awards
97

 
—

 
250

 
—

Dilutive effect of stock options
10

 
—

 
20

 
—

Diluted weighted-average shares (a)
29,975

 
30,714

 
30,078

 
31,263

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Basic income (loss) per share:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Continuing operations
$
0.36

 
$
(3.28
)
 
$
0.45

 
$
(2.99
)
Discontinued operations
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

Total
$
0.36

 
$
(3.28
)
 
$
0.45

 
$
(2.99
)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Diluted income (loss) per share:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Continuing operations
$
0.35

 
$
(3.28
)
 
$
0.45

 
$
(2.99
)
Discontinued operations
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

Total
$
0.35

 
$
(3.28
)
 
$
0.45

 
$
(2.99
)
(a) The following potentially dilutive shares were excluded from the calculation of diluted income per share as a result of their anti-dilutive effect. Due to the reported net loss for the three and six months ended March 31, 2019, all common stock equivalents were excluded from the computation of diluted loss per share for those periods because inclusion would have resulted in anti-dilution.
 
Three Months Ended March 31,
 
Six Months Ended March 31,
in thousands
2020
 
2019
 
2020
 
2019
Stock options
360

 
529

 
227

 
529

Time-based restricted stock
284

 
645

 
52

 
645

Performance-based restricted stock
—

 
796

 
—

 
796


25

(14) Other Liabilities
Other liabilities include the following as of March 31, 2020 and September 30, 2019:
in thousands
March 31, 2020
 
September 30, 2019
Accrued interest
$
25,760

 
$
12,767

Accrued bonus and deferred compensation
24,108

 
36,237

Customer deposits
17,149

 
11,539

Accrued warranty expense
12,058

 
13,388

Litigation accrual
3,473

 
3,420

Income tax liabilities
1,000

 
648

Other
24,788

 
31,430

Total
$
108,336

 
$
109,429


26

(15) Segment Information
We currently operate in 13 states that are grouped into three homebuilding segments based on geography. Revenues from our homebuilding segments are derived from the sale of homes that we construct and from land and lot sales. Our reportable segments have been determined on a basis that is used internally by management for evaluating segment performance and resource allocations. We have considered the applicable aggregation criteria and have combined our homebuilding operations into three reportable segments as follows:
West: Arizona, California, Nevada, and Texas
East: Delaware, Indiana, Maryland, New Jersey(a), Tennessee, and Virginia
Southeast: Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina
(a) During our fiscal 2015, we made the decision that we would not continue to reinvest in new homebuilding assets in our New Jersey division; therefore, it is no longer considered an active operation. However, it is included in this listing because the segment information below continues to include New Jersey.
Management’s evaluation of segment performance is based on segment operating income (loss). Operating income (loss) for our homebuilding segments is defined as homebuilding and land sales and other revenue less home construction, land development, and land sales expense, commission expense, depreciation and amortization, and certain G&A expenses that are incurred by or allocated to our homebuilding segments. The accounting policies of our segments are those described in Note 2 to the consolidated financial statements within our 2019 Annual Report.
The following tables contain our revenue, operating income, and depreciation and amortization by segment for the periods presented:
 
Three Months Ended
 
Six Months Ended
 
March 31,
 
March 31,
in thousands
2020
 
2019
 
2020
 
2019
Revenue
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
West
$
267,731

 
$
210,430

 
$
522,129

 
$
419,374

East
110,941

 
94,066

 
188,981

 
182,812

Southeast
110,741

 
116,764

 
196,107

 
221,114

Total revenue
$
489,413

 
$
421,260

 
$
907,217

 
$
823,300

 
Three Months Ended
 
Six Months Ended
 
March 31,
 
March 31,
in thousands
2020
 
2019
 
2020
 
2019
Operating income (loss) (a)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
West
$
33,223

 
$
(107,018
)
 
$
63,554

 
$
(82,757
)
East
11,513

 
6,929

 
16,834

 
12,324

Southeast
8,814

 
7,324

 
11,970

 
8,704

Segment total
53,550

 
(92,765
)
 
92,358

 
(61,729
)
Corporate and unallocated (b)
(37,126
)
 
(46,185
)
 
(71,988
)
 
(73,715
)
Total operating income (loss)
$
16,424

 
$
(138,950
)
 
$
20,370

 
$
(135,444
)

27

 
Three Months Ended
 
Six Months Ended
 
March 31,
 
March 31,
in thousands
2020
 
2019
 
2020
 
2019
Depreciation and amortization
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
West
$
1,851

 
$
1,263

 
$
3,659

 
$
2,541

East
551

 
547

 
1,105

 
1,085

Southeast
700

 
731

 
1,240

 
1,341

Segment total
3,102

 
2,541

 
6,004

 
4,967

Corporate and unallocated (b)
525

 
359

 
1,050

 
703

Total depreciation and amortization
$
3,627

 
$
2,900

 
$
7,054

 
$
5,670

(a) Operating income (loss) is impacted by impairment and abandonment charges incurred during the periods presented (see Note 5). For the three and six months ended March 31, 2019, we recognized $92.9 million inventory impairment charge related to nine communities within our West segment. For the six months ended March 31, 2019, we recognized $0.9 million inventory impairment charge related to one community within our Southeast segment.
(b) Corporate and unallocated operating loss includes amortization of capitalized interest, movement in capitalized indirect costs, expenses related to numerous shared services functions that benefit all segments but are not allocated to the operating segments reported above, including information technology, treasury, corporate finance, legal, branding and national marketing, and other amounts that are not allocated to our operating segments. Corporate and unallocated depreciation and amortization represents depreciation and amortization related to assets held by our corporate functions that benefit all segments. For the three and six months ended March 31, 2019, we wrote off $16.1 million capitalized interest and capitalized indirect costs associated with the nine impaired communities within our West segment. An additional $0.1 million capitalized interest and capitalized indirect costs were written off during the six months ended March 31, 2019 relating to the one impaired community within our Southeast segment.
The following table presents capital expenditures by segment for the periods presented:
 
Six Months Ended
 
March 31,
in thousands
2020
 
2019
Capital Expenditures
 
 
 
West
$
2,667

 
$
5,338

East
1,136

 
1,286

Southeast
1,310

 
2,055

Corporate and unallocated
365

 
2,829

Total capital expenditures
$
5,478

 
$
11,508

The following table presents assets by segment as of March 31, 2020 and September 30, 2019:
in thousands
March 31, 2020
 
September 30, 2019
Assets
 
 
 
West
$
780,130

 
$
751,110

East
308,095

 
286,340

Southeast
371,731

 
359,431

Corporate and unallocated (a)
779,039

 
560,763

Total assets
$
2,238,995

 
$
1,957,644

(a) Primarily consists of cash and cash equivalents, restricted cash, deferred taxes, capitalized interest and indirect costs, and other items that are not allocated to the segments.

28

(16) Supplemental Guarantor Information
As discussed in Note 7, the Company's obligations to pay principal, premium, if any, and interest under certain debt agreements are guaranteed on a joint and several basis by substantially all of the Company's subsidiaries. Some of the immaterial subsidiaries do not guarantee the Senior Notes or the Facility. The guarantees are full and unconditional, and the guarantor subsidiaries are 100% owned by Beazer Homes USA, Inc. The following unaudited financial information presents the line items of the Company's unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements separated by amounts related to the parent issuer, guarantor subsidiaries, non-guarantor subsidiaries, and consolidating adjustments as of or for the periods presented.

Beazer Homes USA, Inc.
Condensed Consolidating Balance Sheet Information
March 31, 2020
(Unaudited) 
in thousands
Beazer Homes
USA, Inc.
 
Guarantor
Subsidiaries
 
Non-Guarantor
Subsidiaries
 
Consolidating
Adjustments
 
Consolidated
Beazer Homes
USA, Inc.
ASSETS
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Cash and cash equivalents
$
291,549

 
$
2,715

 
$
1

 
$
—

 
$
294,265

Restricted cash
17,097

 
1,185

 
—

 
—

 
18,282

Accounts receivable (net of allowance of $309)
—

 
20,568

 
6

 
—

 
20,574

Income tax receivable
9,224

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
9,224

Owned inventory
—

 
1,595,300

 
—

 
—

 
1,595,300

Investments in unconsolidated entities
773

 
3,267

 
—

 
—

 
4,040

Deferred tax assets, net
238,766

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
238,766

Property and equipment, net
—

 
25,820

 
—

 
—

 
25,820

Operating lease right-of-use assets
—

 
15,109

 
—

 
—

 
15,109

Investments in subsidiaries
747,785

 
—

 
—

 
(747,785
)
 
—

Intercompany
697,843

 
—

 
1,662

 
(699,505
)
 
—

Goodwill
—

 
11,376

 
—

 
—

 
11,376

Other assets
973

 
5,263

 
3

 
—

 
6,239

Total assets
$
2,004,010

 
$
1,680,603

 
$
1,672

 
$
(1,447,290
)
 
$
2,238,995

LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Trade accounts payable
$
—

 
$
137,238

 
$
—

 
$
—

 
$
137,238

Operating lease liabilities
—

 
17,147

 
$
—

 
$
—

 
$
17,147

Other liabilities
26,076

 
82,251

 
9

 
—

 
108,336

Intercompany
1,662

 
697,843

 
—

 
(699,505
)
 
—

Total debt (net of premium and debt issuance costs)
1,428,790

 
2

 
—

 
—

 
1,428,792

Total liabilities
1,456,528

 
934,481

 
9

 
(699,505
)
 
1,691,513

Stockholders’ equity
547,482

 
746,122

 
1,663

 
(747,785
)
 
547,482

Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity
$
2,004,010

 
$
1,680,603

 
$
1,672

 
$
(1,447,290
)
 
$
2,238,995


29

Beazer Homes USA, Inc.
Condensed Consolidating Balance Sheet Information
September 30, 2019
(Unaudited)

in thousands
Beazer Homes
USA, Inc.
 
Guarantor
Subsidiaries
 
Non-Guarantor
Subsidiaries
 
Consolidating
Adjustments
 
Consolidated
Beazer Homes
USA, Inc.
ASSETS
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Cash and cash equivalents
$
70,617

 
$
36,115

 
$
9

 
$
—

 
$
106,741

Restricted cash
14,847

 
1,206

 
—

 
—

 
16,053

Accounts receivable (net of allowance of $304)
—

 
26,394

 
1

 
—

 
26,395

Income tax receivable
4,935

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
4,935

Owned inventory
—

 
1,504,248

 
—

 
—

 
1,504,248

Investments in unconsolidated entities
773

 
3,189

 
—

 
—

 
3,962

Deferred tax assets, net
246,957

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
246,957

Property and equipment, net
—

 
27,421

 
—

 
—

 
27,421

Investments in subsidiaries
636,791

 
—

 
—

 
(636,791
)
 
—

Intercompany
753,769

 
—

 
1,680

 
(755,449
)
 
—

Goodwill
—

 
11,376

 
—

 
—

 
11,376

Other assets
1,235

 
8,317

 
4

 
—

 
9,556

Total assets
$
1,729,924

 
$
1,618,266

 
$
1,694

 
$
(1,392,240
)
 
$
1,957,644

LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Trade accounts payable
$
—

 
$
131,152

 
$
—

 
$
—

 
$
131,152

Other liabilities
12,335

 
97,081

 
13

 
—

 
109,429

Intercompany
1,680

 
753,769

 
—

 
(755,449
)
 
—

Total debt (net of premium and debt issuance costs)
1,177,155

 
1,154

 
—

 
—

 
1,178,309

Total liabilities
1,191,170

 
983,156

 
13

 
(755,449
)
 
1,418,890

Stockholders’ equity
538,754

 
635,110

 
1,681

 
(636,791
)
 
538,754

Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity
$
1,729,924

 
$
1,618,266

 
$
1,694

 
$
(1,392,240
)
 
$
1,957,644




30

Beazer Homes USA, Inc.
Condensed Consolidating Statements of Operations
(Unaudited
in thousands
Beazer Homes
USA, Inc.
 
Guarantor
Subsidiaries
 
Non-Guarantor
Subsidiaries
 
Consolidating
Adjustments
 
Consolidated
Beazer Homes
USA, Inc.
Three Months Ended March 31, 2020
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Total revenue
$
—

 
$
489,413

 
$
—

 
$
—

 
$
489,413

Home construction and land sales expenses
22,660

 
387,908

 
—

 
—

 
410,568

Gross (loss) profit
(22,660
)
 
101,505

 
—

 
—

 
78,845

Commissions
—

 
18,744

 
—

 
—

 
18,744

General and administrative expenses
—

 
40,050

 
—

 
—

 
40,050

Depreciation and amortization
—

 
3,627

 
—

 
—

 
3,627

Operating (loss) income
(22,660
)
 
39,084

 
—

 
—

 
16,424

Equity in income of unconsolidated entities
—

 
147

 
—

 
—

 
147

Other (expense) income, net
(1,928
)
 
142

 
—

 
—

 
(1,786
)
(Loss) income from continuing operations before income taxes
(24,588
)
 
39,373

 
—

 
—

 
14,785

(Benefit) expense from income taxes
(5,602
)
 
9,772

 
—

 
—

 
4,170

Equity in income of subsidiaries
29,601

 
—

 
—

 
(29,601
)
 
—

Income from continuing operations
10,615

 
29,601

 
—

 
(29,601
)
 
10,615

Income (loss) from discontinued operations, net of tax
—

 
8

 
(9
)
 
—

 
(1
)
Equity in loss of subsidiaries from discontinued operations
(1
)
 
—

 
—

 
1

 
—

Net income (loss)
$
10,614

 
$
29,609

 
$
(9
)
 
$
(29,600
)
 
$
10,614

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
in thousands
Beazer Homes
USA, Inc.
 
Guarantor
Subsidiaries
 
Non-Guarantor
Subsidiaries
 
Consolidating
Adjustments
 
Consolidated
Beazer Homes
USA, Inc.
Three Months Ended March 31, 2019
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Total revenue
$
—

 
$
421,260

 
$
—

 
$
—

 
$
421,260

Home construction and land sales expenses
18,544

 
337,785

 
—

 
—

 
356,329

Inventory impairments and abandonments
13,792

 
133,819

 
—

 
—

 
147,611

Gross loss
(32,336
)
 
(50,344
)
 
—

 
—

 
(82,680
)
Commissions
—

 
15,998

 
—

 
—

 
15,998

General and administrative expenses
—

 
37,372

 
—

 
—

 
37,372

Depreciation and amortization
—

 
2,900

 
—

 
—

 
2,900

Operating loss
(32,336
)
 
(106,614
)
 
—

 
—

 
(138,950
)
Equity in income of unconsolidated entities
—

 
81

 
—

 
—

 
81

Gain on extinguishment of debt
216

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
216

Other (expense) income, net
(597
)
 
260

 
—

 
—

 
(337
)
Loss from continuing operations before income taxes
(32,717
)
 
(106,273
)
 
—

 
—

 
(138,990
)
Benefit from income taxes
(10,142
)
 
(28,016
)
 
—

 
—

 
(38,158
)
Equity in loss of subsidiaries
(78,257
)
 
—

 
—

 
78,257

 
—

Loss from continuing operations
(100,832
)
 
(78,257
)
 
—

 
78,257

 
(100,832
)
Loss from discontinued operations, net of tax
—

 
(25
)
 
(5
)
 
—

 
(30
)
Equity in loss of subsidiaries from discontinued operations
(30
)
 
—

 
—

 
30

 
—

Net loss
$
(100,862
)
 
$
(78,282
)
 
$
(5
)
 
$
78,287

 
$
(100,862
)

31

in thousands
Beazer Homes
USA, Inc.
 
Guarantor
Subsidiaries
 
Non-Guarantor
Subsidiaries
 
Consolidating
Adjustments
 
Consolidated
Beazer Homes
USA, Inc.
Six Months Ended March 31, 2020
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Total revenue
$
—

 
$
907,217

 
$
—

 
$
—

 
$
907,217

Home construction and land sales expenses
42,329

 
722,906

 
—

 
—

 
765,235

Gross (loss) profit
(42,329
)
 
184,311

 
—

 
—

 
141,982

Commissions
—

 
34,809

 
—

 
—

 
34,809

General and administrative expenses
—

 
79,749

 
—

 
—

 
79,749

Depreciation and amortization
—

 
7,054

 
—

 
—

 
7,054

Operating (loss) income
(42,329
)
 
62,699

 
—

 
—

 
20,370

Equity in income of unconsolidated entities
—

 
134

 
—

 
—

 
134

Other (expense) income, net
(3,370
)
 
244

 
—

 
—

 
(3,126
)
(Loss) income from continuing operations before income taxes
(45,699
)
 
63,077

 
—

 
—

 
17,378

(Benefit) expense from income taxes
(7,502
)
 
11,461

 
—

 
—

 
3,959

Equity in income of subsidiaries
51,616

 
—

 
—

 
(51,616
)
 
—

Income from continuing operations
13,419

 
51,616

 
—

 
(51,616
)
 
13,419

Loss from discontinued operations, net of tax
—

 
(41
)
 
(18
)
 
—

 
(59
)
Equity in loss of subsidiaries from discontinued operations
(59
)
 
—

 
—

 
59

 
—

Net income (loss)
$
13,360

 
$
51,575

 
$
(18
)
 
$
(51,557
)
 
$
13,360

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 in thousands
Beazer Homes
USA, Inc.
 
Guarantor
Subsidiaries
 
Non-Guarantor
Subsidiaries
 
Consolidating
Adjustments
 
Consolidated
Beazer Homes
USA, Inc.
Six Months Ended March 31, 2019
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Total revenue
$
—

 
$
823,300

 
$
115

 
$
(115
)
 
$
823,300

Home construction and land sales expenses
35,867

 
660,955

 
—

 
(115
)
 
696,707

Inventory impairments and abandonments
13,908

 
134,710

 
—

 
—

 
148,618

Gross (loss) profit
(49,775
)
 
27,635

 
115

 
—

 
(22,025
)
Commissions
—

 
31,735

 
—

 
—

 
31,735

General and administrative expenses
—

 
76,018

 
(4
)
 
—

 
76,014

Depreciation and amortization
—

 
5,670

 
—

 
—

 
5,670

Operating (loss) income
(49,775
)
 
(85,788
)
 
119

 
—

 
(135,444
)
Equity in income of unconsolidated entities
—

 
17

 
—

 
—

 
17

Gain on extinguishment of debt
216

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
216

Other (expense) income, net
(839
)
 
464

 
(4
)
 
—

 
(379
)
(Loss) income from continuing operations before income taxes
(50,398
)
 
(85,307
)
 
115

 
—

 
(135,590
)
Expense (benefit) from income taxes
10,241

 
(52,350
)
 
29

 
—

 
(42,080
)
Equity in loss of subsidiaries
(32,871
)
 
—

 
—

 
32,871

 
—

(Loss) income from continuing operations
(93,510
)
 
(32,957
)
 
86

 
32,871

 
(93,510
)
Loss from discontinued operations, net of tax
—

 
(31
)
 
(10
)
 
—

 
(41
)
Equity in loss of subsidiaries and discontinued operations
(41
)
 
—

 
—

 
41

 
—

Net (loss) income
$
(93,551
)
 
$
(32,988
)
 
$
76

 
$
32,912

 
$
(93,551
)





32

Beazer Homes USA, Inc.
 Condensed Consolidating Statements of Cash Flow Information
(Unaudited)
in thousands
Beazer Homes
USA, Inc.
 
Guarantor
Subsidiaries
 
Non-Guarantor
Subsidiaries
 
Consolidating
Adjustments
 
Consolidated
Beazer Homes
USA, Inc.
Six Months Ended March 31, 2020
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net cash used in operating activities
$
(14,758
)
 
$
(31,029
)
 
$
(126
)
 
$
—

 
$
(45,913
)
Cash flows from investing activities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Capital expenditures
—

 
(5,478
)
 
—

 
—

 
(5,478
)
Proceeds from sale of fixed assets
—

 
136

 
—

 
—

 
136

Advances to/from subsidiaries
(4,218
)
 
—

 
118

 
4,100

 
—

Net cash (used in) provided by investing activities
(4,218
)
 
(5,342
)
 
118

 
4,100

 
(5,342
)
Cash flows from financing activities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Repayment of debt
—

 
(1,150
)
 
—

 
—

 
(1,150
)
Repayment of borrowings from credit facility
(95,000
)
 
—

 
—

 
—

 
(95,000
)
Borrowings from credit facility
345,000

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
345,000

Repurchase of common stock
(3,327
)
 
—

 
—

 
—

 
(3,327
)
Tax payments for stock-based compensation awards
(2,661
)
 
—

 
—

 
—

 
(2,661
)
Stock option exercises and other financing activities
(1,854
)
 
—

 
—

 
—

 
(1,854
)
Advances to/from subsidiaries
—

 
4,100

 
—

 
(4,100
)
 
—

Net cash provided by financing activities
242,158

 
2,950

 
—

 
(4,100
)
 
241,008

Increase (decrease) in cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash
223,182

 
(33,421
)
 
(8
)
 
—

 
189,753

Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash at beginning of period
85,464

 
37,321

 
9

 
—

 
122,794

Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash at end of period
$
308,646

 
$
3,900

 
$
1

 
$
—

 
$
312,547

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
in thousands
Beazer Homes
USA, Inc.
 
Guarantor
Subsidiaries
 
Non-Guarantor
Subsidiaries
 
Consolidating
Adjustments
 
Consolidated
Beazer Homes
USA, Inc.
Six Months Ended March 31, 2019
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net cash (used in) provided by operating activities
$
(101,323
)
 
$
18,324

 
$
(35
)
 
$
—

 
$
(83,034
)
Cash flows from investing activities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Capital expenditures
—

 
(11,508
)
 
—

 
—

 
(11,508
)
Proceeds from sale of fixed assets
—

 
94

 
—

 
—

 
94

Investments in unconsolidated entities
—

 
(4,088
)
 
—

 
—

 
(4,088
)
Advances to/from subsidiaries
44,061

 
—

 
(533
)
 
(43,528
)
 
—

Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities
44,061

 
(15,502
)
 
(533
)
 
(43,528
)
 
(15,502
)
Cash flows from financing activities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Repayment of debt
(5,062
)
 
—

 
—

 
—

 
(5,062
)
Repayment of borrowings from credit facility
(150,000
)
 
—

 
—

 
—

 
(150,000
)
Borrowings from credit facility
225,000

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
225,000

Debt issuance costs
(400
)
 
—

 
—

 
—

 
(400
)
Repurchase of common stock
(24,004
)
 
—

 
—

 
—

 
(24,004
)
Tax payments for stock-based compensation awards
(1,886
)
 
—

 
—

 
—

 
(1,886
)
Stock option exercises and other financing activities
278

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
278

Advances to/from subsidiaries
—

 
(43,528
)
 
—

 
43,528

 
—

Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities
43,926

 
(43,528
)
 
—

 
43,528

 
43,926

Decrease in cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash
(13,336
)
 
(40,706
)
 
(568
)
 
—

 
(54,610
)
Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash at beginning of period
104,796

 
47,877

 
575

 
—

 
153,248

Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash at end of period
$
91,460

 
$
7,171

 
$
7

 
$
—

 
$
98,638


33

(17) Discontinued Operations
We continually review each of our markets in order to refine our overall investment strategy and to optimize capital and resource allocations in an effort to enhance our financial position and to increase stockholder value. This review entails an evaluation of both external market factors and our position in each market and over time has resulted in the decision to discontinue certain of our homebuilding operations. During our fiscal 2015, we made the decision that we would not continue to reinvest in new homebuilding assets in our New Jersey division; therefore, it is no longer considered an active operation. However, the results of our New Jersey division are not included in the discontinued operations information shown below.
We have classified the results of operations of our discontinued operations separately in the accompanying condensed consolidated statements of operations for all periods presented. There were no material assets or liabilities related to our discontinued operations as of March 31, 2020 or September 30, 2019. Discontinued operations were not segregated in the condensed consolidated statements of cash flows. Therefore, amounts for certain captions in the condensed consolidated statements of cash flows will not agree with the respective data in the condensed consolidated statements of operations. The results of our discontinued operations in the condensed consolidated statements of operations for the periods presented were as follows:
 
Three Months Ended
 
Six Months Ended
 
March 31,
 
March 31,
in thousands
2020
 
2019
 
2020
 
2019
Total revenue
$
—

 
$
—

 
$
—

 
$
55

Home construction and land sales expenses
(16
)
 
6

 
(15
)
 
39

Gross profit (loss)
16

 
(6
)
 
15

 
16

General and administrative expenses
16

 
34

 
90

 
67

Operating loss
—

 
(40
)
 
(75
)
 
(51
)
Equity in loss of unconsolidated entities
—

 
—

 
—

 
(1
)
Other expense, net
(1
)
 
—

 
(1
)
 
(1
)
Loss from discontinued operations before income taxes
(1
)
 
(40
)
 
(76
)
 
(53
)
Benefit from income taxes
—

 
(10
)
 
(17
)
 
(12
)
Loss from discontinued operations, net of tax
$
(1
)
 
$
(30
)
 
$
(59
)
 
$
(41
)

(18) Subsequent Events
The COVID-19 pandemic has caused, and is continuing to cause, severe economic, market and other disruptions to the U.S. and global economies. As a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, the Company experienced increasingly adverse business conditions, especially in the latter half of March and through the date of this report. We are taking steps to maximize liquidity by limiting cash expenditures, including temporarily reducing or deferring land acquisition and development spending and general and administrative spending. At the current time, the government is allowing construction and sales of homes in the markets in which we operate. In response to the pandemic, our sales teams have shifted to an appointment-only home sale process and are leveraging virtual sales tools to connect with our customers online. However, customer traffic and sales have slowed significantly, and cancellations have increased. At this time, the Company is uncertain of the potential full magnitude or duration of the business and economic impacts from the unprecedented public health efforts to contain and combat the spread of COVID-19, and while the extent to which the COVID-19 pandemic impacts the Company’s results will depend on future developments, the outbreak could result in a material impact to the Company's future financial position, results of operations, cash flows and liquidity

34

Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
Executive Overview and Outlook
Market Conditions
The demand for new and existing homes is dependent on a variety of demographic and economic factors, including job and wage growth, household formation, consumer confidence, mortgage financing, and overall housing affordability. In general, at the start of our fiscal year, factors including rising levels of household formation, a constrained supply of new and used homes, wage growth, strong employment conditions and mortgage rates that continue to be low by historical standards were contributing to improving conditions for new home sales.
However, the overall economic conditions in the United States have been impacted negatively by the emerging threat posed by the COVID-19 pandemic, which has resulted in, among other things, quarantines, “stay-at-home” or "shelter-in-place" orders, and similar mandates for many individuals to substantially restrict daily activities and for many businesses to curtail or cease normal operations, and we expect these negative impacts to continue. At the current time, all of the state and local governments in the markets in which we operate are allowing construction and sales of homes.
In response to the pandemic, we are actively taking steps to navigate through this extraordinary period by placing our highest priority on helping to protect health and safety of our employees, customers, and trade partners. In particular, we have temporarily closed our sales centers, model homes and design studios to the general public, and our sales teams have shifted to an appointment-only home sales process and are leveraging virtual sales tools to connect with our customers online. We are following recommended social distancing and other health and safety protocols when meeting in person with a customer and have shifted our corporate and division office functions to work remotely. In the field, we have implemented construction site health and safety guidelines to ensure both our employees and our trade partners adhere to social distancing requirements.
We have experienced increasingly adverse business conditions as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, including a slowdown in customer traffic and sales pace and an increase in cancellations. Although the magnitude and duration of the COVID-19 pandemic is unknown, we expect to experience material declines in our net new orders, closings, revenues, cash flow and/or profitability in one or more periods in 2020, compared to the corresponding prior-year periods, and compared to our expectations at the beginning of our 2020 fiscal year. In addition, if conditions in the overall housing market or in a specific market worsen in the future beyond our current expectations, if future changes in our business strategy significantly affect any key assumptions used in our projections of future cash flows, or if there are material changes in any of the other items we consider in assessing recoverability, we may recognize charges in future periods for inventory impairments related to our current inventory assets. Any such charges could be material to our consolidated financial statements. For further discussion of the potential impacts on our business from the COVID-19 pandemic, see Part II, Item 1A – Risk Factors below.
Overview of Results for Our Fiscal Second Quarter
Reflecting on then current market conditions and our operating strategy, during the second quarter of fiscal 2020, we made improvements in closings, homebuilding gross profit, average selling price, average active communities, net new orders, and homes in backlog.
Profitability
For the quarter ended March 31, 2020, we recorded net income from continuing operations of $10.6 million compared to net loss from continuing operations of $100.8 million in the second quarter of fiscal 2019. There were certain items that impacted the comparability of net income from continuing operations between periods:
•
We recognized no inventory impairments in the current quarter compared to $147.6 million of inventory impairments recognized in the prior year quarter.
•
Income tax expense from continuing operations was $4.2 million during the current quarter primarily due to income from continuing operations, as compared to $38.2 million income tax benefit for the prior year quarter primarily due to impairment charges and the resulting loss from continuing operations. Refer to Note 11 of the notes to the condensed consolidated financial statements for additional details.
Balanced Growth Strategy
At the start of our fiscal second quarter, we continued to execute against our balanced growth strategy, which we define as the expansion of earnings at a faster rate than our revenue growth, supported by a less-leveraged and return-driven capital structure. Due to the uncertainty surrounding the COVID-19 pandemic, we have pivoted our focus to maximizing positive cash flow and

35

retaining a strong liquidity position. We are doing this by generating cash flow with a focus on closing homes in our backlog and limiting cash expenditures, including by temporarily reducing or deferring land acquisition and development and general and administrative spending. We invested $123.0 million in land acquisition and land development during the current quarter, down compared to $139.9 million in the prior year quarter, primarily due to cash conservation measures adopted in mid-March in response to the uncertainty surrounding the COVID-19 pandemic. Also, we currently have a fully drawn $250.0 million revolving credit facility. Our senior leadership team is monitoring impacts of the pandemic on a daily basis and will continue to adjust our operations as necessary.
Seasonal and Quarterly Variability
Our homebuilding operating cycle historically has reflected escalating new order activity in the second and third fiscal quarters and increased closings in the third and fourth fiscal quarters. Accordingly, our financial results for the three and six months ended March 31, 2020 may not be indicative of our full year results, particularly in light of the COVID-19 pandemic.

36

RESULTS OF CONTINUING OPERATIONS:
The following table summarizes certain key income statement metrics for the periods presented:
 
Three Months Ended
 
Six Months Ended
 
March 31,
 
March 31,
$ in thousands
2020
 
2019
 
2020
 
2019
Revenue:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Homebuilding
$
487,986

 
$
420,945

 
$
905,385

 
$
821,927

Land sales and other
1,427

 
315

 
1,832

 
1,373

Total
$
489,413

 
$
421,260

 
$
907,217

 
$
823,300

Gross profit (loss):
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Homebuilding
$
78,744

 
$
(44,148
)
 
$
141,852

 
$
16,471

Land sales and other
101

 
(38,532
)
 
130

 
(38,496
)
Total
$
78,845

 
$
(82,680
)
 
$
141,982

 
$
(22,025
)
Gross margin:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Homebuilding
16.1
%
 
(10.5)
 %
 
15.7
%
 
2.0
 %
Land sales and other
7.1
%
 
(12,232.4
)%
 
7.1
%
 
(2,803.8
)%
Total
16.1
%
 
(19.6
)%
 
15.7
%
 
(2.7
)%
Commissions
$
18,744

 
$
15,998

 
$
34,809

 
$
31,735

General and administrative expenses (G&A)
$
40,050

 
$
37,372

 
$
79,749

 
$
76,014

SG&A (commissions plus G&A) as a percentage of total revenue
12.0
%
 
12.7
 %
 
12.6
%
 
13.1
 %
G&A as a percentage of total revenue
8.2
%
 
8.9
 %
 
8.8
%
 
9.2
 %
Depreciation and amortization
$
3,627

 
$
2,900

 
$
7,054

 
$
5,670

Operating income (loss)
$
16,424

 
$
(138,950
)
 
$
20,370

 
$
(135,444
)
Operating income (loss) as a percentage of total revenue
3.4
%
 
(33.0
)%
 
2.2
%
 
(16.5
)%
Effective tax rate (a)
28.2
%
 
27.5
 %
 
22.8
%
 
31.0
 %
Equity in income of unconsolidated entities
$
147

 
$
81

 
$
134

 
$
17

Gain on extinguishment of debt
$
—

 
$
216

 
$
—

 
$
216

(a) Calculated as tax expense (benefit) for the period divided by income (loss) from continuing operations. Due to a variety of factors, including the impact of discrete tax items on our effective tax rate, our income tax benefit is not always directly correlated to the amount of pre-tax income for the associated periods.


37

EBITDA: Reconciliation of Net Income (Loss) to Adjusted EBITDA
Reconciliation of Adjusted EBITDA to total company net income (loss), the most directly comparable GAAP measure, is provided for each period discussed below. Management believes that Adjusted EBITDA assists investors in understanding and comparing the operating characteristics of homebuilding activities by eliminating many of the differences in companies' respective capitalization, tax position, and level of impairments. These EBITDA measures should not be considered alternatives to net income (loss) determined in accordance with GAAP as an indicator of operating performance.
The reconciliation of Adjusted EBITDA to total company net income (loss) below differs from prior year, as it reclassifies stock-based compensation expense from an adjustment within EBITDA to an adjustment within Adjusted EBITDA in order to accurately present EBITDA per its definition.
The following table reconciles our net income (loss) to Adjusted EBITDA for the periods presented:
 
Three Months Ended March 31,
 
Six Months Ended March 31,
 
LTM Ended March 31, (a)
in thousands
2020
 
2019
 
20 vs 19
 
2020
 
2019
 
20 vs 19
 
2020
 
2019
 
20 vs 19
Net income (loss)
$
10,614

 
$
(100,862
)
 
$
111,476

 
$
13,360

 
$
(93,551
)
 
$
106,911

 
$
27,391

 
$
(19,537
)
 
$
46,928

Expense (benefit) from income taxes
4,170

 
(38,168
)
 
42,338

 
3,942

 
(42,092
)
 
46,034

 
8,789

 
(56,691
)
 
65,480

Interest amortized to home construction and land sales expenses and capitalized interest impaired
22,660

 
32,336

 
(9,676
)
 
42,329

 
49,774

 
(7,445
)
 
101,496

 
106,756

 
(5,260
)
Interest expense not qualified for capitalization
1,928

 
597

 
1,331

 
3,370

 
839

 
2,531

 
5,640

 
1,079

 
4,561

EBIT
39,372

 
(106,097
)
 
145,469

 
63,001

 
(85,030
)
 
148,031

 
143,316

 
31,607

 
111,709

Depreciation and amortization
3,627

 
2,900

 
727

 
7,054

 
5,670

 
1,384

 
16,143

 
13,904

 
2,239

EBITDA
42,999

 
(103,197
)
 
146,196

 
70,055

 
(79,360
)
 
149,415

 
159,459

 
45,511

 
113,948

Stock-based compensation expense
899

 
2,180

 
(1,281
)
 
3,210

 
4,294

 
(1,084
)
 
9,442

 
9,344

 
98

(Gain) loss on extinguishment of debt
—

 
(216
)
 
216

 
—

 
(216
)
 
216

 
25,136

 
1,719

 
23,417

Inventory impairments and abandonments (b)
—

 
133,819

 
(133,819
)
 
—

 
134,711

 
(134,711
)
 
—

 
139,249

 
(139,249
)
Joint venture impairment and abandonment charges
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
341

 
(341
)
Adjusted EBITDA
$
43,898

 
$
32,586

 
$
11,312

 
$
73,265

 
$
59,429

 
$
13,836

 
$
194,037

 
$
196,164

 
$
(2,127
)
(a) “LTM” indicates amounts for the trailing 12 months.
(b) In periods during which we impaired certain of our inventory assets, capitalized interest that is impaired is included in the line above titled “Interest amortized to home construction and land sales expenses and capitalized interest impaired.”

38

Homebuilding Operations Data
The following table summarizes new orders and cancellation rates by reportable segment for the periods presented:
 
Three Months Ended March 31,
 
New Orders, net
 
Cancellation Rates
 
2020
 
2019
 
20 vs 19
 
2020
 
2019
West
953

 
806

 
18.2
 %
 
16.4
%
 
15.2
%
East
351

 
334

 
5.1
 %
 
13.5
%
 
15.0
%
Southeast
357

 
458

 
(22.1
)%
 
16.2
%
 
12.9
%
Total
1,661

 
1,598

 
3.9
 %
 
15.8
%
 
14.5
%
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Six Months Ended March 31,
 
New Orders, net
 
Cancellation Rates
 
2020
 
2019
 
20 vs 19
 
2020
 
2019
West
1,690

 
1,325

 
27.5
 %
 
16.0
%
 
16.8
%
East
584

 
535

 
9.2
 %
 
14.0
%
 
17.3
%
Southeast
638

 
714

 
(10.6
)%
 
14.9
%
 
15.7
%
Total
2,912

 
2,574

 
13.1
 %
 
15.4
%
 
16.6
%
Net new orders for the quarter ended March 31, 2020 increased to 1,661, up 3.9% from the quarter ended March 31, 2019. The increase in net new orders was driven primarily by an increase in average active communities from 163 in the prior year quarter to 167, while our absorption rate increased slightly to 3.3 sales per community per month quarter-over-quarter. Beginning in mid-March, a number of states, counties and municipalities issued varying orders requiring persons who were not engaged in essential activities and businesses to remain at home for specified periods of time due to the COVID-19 pandemic. These actions have led to an increase in cancellation rates and slower customer traffic and sales in the latter half of March 2020.
For the three and six months ended March 31, 2020, net new order growth experienced increases in all of our segments except the Southeast. The increase in net new orders in the West is due to strong performance in our Las Vegas, Southern California and Phoenix markets. The increase in net new orders in the East is due to strong performance in our Nashville market. The Southeast experienced net new order decreases driven by declines in both sales pace and average active community counts, primarily due to Raleigh and Myrtle Beach markets as we work to rebuild community counts by investing in new communities.
The table below summarizes backlog units by reportable segment as well as the aggregate dollar value and ASP of homes in backlog as of March 31, 2020 and March 31, 2019:
 
As of March 31,
 
2020
 
2019
 
20 vs 19
Backlog Units:
 
 
 
 
 
West
1,243

 
976

 
27.4
 %
East
498

 
415

 
20.0
 %
Southeast
490

 
598

 
(18.1
)%
Total
2,231

 
1,989

 
12.2
 %
Aggregate dollar value of homes in backlog (in millions)
$
895.0

 
$
783.3

 
14.3
 %
ASP in backlog (in thousands)
$
401.2

 
$
393.8

 
1.9
 %
Backlog reflects the number of homes for which the Company has entered into a sales contract with a customer but has not yet delivered the home. Homes in backlog are generally delivered within three to six months following commencement of construction. The aggregate dollar value of homes in backlog as of March 31, 2020 increased 14.3% compared to March 31, 2019 due to a 12.2% increase in backlog units in addition to a 1.9% increase in the ASP of homes in backlog. The increase in backlog units was primarily due to beginning the quarter with more units in backlog as well as the aforementioned increase in net new orders for the three and six months ended March 31, 2020 compared to the same period a year ago. Due to the uncertainty surrounding the COVID-19 pandemic, we could experience higher cancellation rates compared to prior periods related to homes within our backlog as of March 31, 2020.

39

Homebuilding Revenue, Average Selling Price, and Closings
The table below summarizes homebuilding revenue, the ASP of our homes closed, and closings by reportable segment for the periods presented:
 
Three Months Ended March 31,
 
Homebuilding Revenue
 
Average Selling Price
 
Closings
$ in thousands
2020
 
2019
 
20 vs 19
 
2020
 
2019
 
20 vs 19
 
2020
 
2019
 
20 vs 19
West
$
267,231

 
$
210,430

 
27.0
 %
 
$
363.6

 
$
347.2

 
4.7
 %
 
735

 
606

 
21.3
 %
East
110,011

 
93,751

 
17.3
 %
 
468.1

 
440.1

 
6.4
 %
 
235

 
213

 
10.3
 %
Southeast
110,744

 
116,764

 
(5.2
)%
 
360.7

 
370.7

 
(2.7
)%
 
307

 
315

 
(2.5
)%
Total
$
487,986

 
$
420,945

 
15.9
 %
 
$
382.1

 
$
371.2

 
2.9
 %
 
1,277

 
1,134

 
12.6
 %
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Six Months Ended March 31,
 
Homebuilding Revenue
 
Average Selling Price
 
Closings
$ in thousands
2020
 
2019
 
20 vs 19
 
2020
 
2019
 
20 vs 19
 
2020
 
2019
 
20 vs 19
West
$
521,629

 
$
419,374

 
24.4
 %
 
$
365.0

 
$
347.5

 
5.0
 %
 
1,429

 
1,207

 
18.4
 %
East
187,656

 
181,516

 
3.4
 %
 
439.5

 
452.7

 
(2.9
)%
 
427

 
401

 
6.5
 %
Southeast
196,100

 
221,037

 
(11.3
)%
 
367.9

 
363.0

 
1.3
 %
 
533

 
609

 
(12.5
)%
Total
$
905,385

 
$
821,927

 
10.2
 %
 
$
379.0

 
$
370.7

 
2.2
 %
 
2,389

 
2,217

 
7.8
 %
For the three and six months ended March 31, 2020, the ASP changes were impacted primarily by a change in mix of closings between geographies, products, and among communities within each individual market as compared to the prior year period. It was also positively impacted by our operational strategies as well as continued price appreciation in certain geographies.
For the three and six months ended March 31, 2020, year-over-year increases in closings for the West segment were primarily attributable to our Las Vegas and Southern California markets, which had higher units in beginning backlog for fiscal 2020 relative to the beginning of fiscal 2019. Closings in the East segment were up slightly year-over-year based on growth in our Nashville market. Southeast segment closings were down year-over-year as a result of lower beginning units in backlog for fiscal 2020 relative to the beginning of fiscal 2019.
Our higher ASP coupled with the overall increase in closings described above resulted in growth in homebuilding revenue for the quarter ended March 31, 2020 compared to the prior year quarter.

40

Homebuilding Gross Profit (Loss) and Gross Margin
The following tables present our homebuilding (HB) gross profit and gross margin by reportable segment and in total. In addition, such amounts are presented excluding inventory impairments and abandonments and interest amortized to cost of sales (COS). Homebuilding gross profit is defined as homebuilding revenue less home cost of sales (which includes land and land development costs, home construction costs, capitalized interest, indirect costs of construction, estimated warranty costs, closing costs, and inventory impairment and abandonment charges).
 
Three Months Ended March 31, 2020
$ in thousands
HB Gross
Profit (Loss)
 
HB Gross
Margin
 
Impairments &
Abandonments
(I&A)
 
HB Gross
Profit (Loss) w/o
I&A
 
HB Gross
Margin w/o
I&A
 
Interest
Amortized  to
COS (Interest)
 
HB Gross Profit
w/o I&A and
Interest
 
HB Gross  Margin
w/o I&A and
Interest
West
$
56,805

 
21.3
 %
 
$
—

 
$
56,805

 
21.3
%
 
$
—

 
$
56,805

 
21.3
%
East
21,956

 
20.0
 %
 
—

 
21,956

 
20.0
%
 
—

 
21,956

 
20.0
%
Southeast
20,654

 
18.7
 %
 
—

 
20,654

 
18.7
%
 
—

 
20,654

 
18.7
%
Corporate & unallocated
(20,671
)
 
 
 
—

 
(20,671
)
 
 
 
22,660

 
1,989

 
 
Total homebuilding
$
78,744

 
16.1
 %
 
$
—

 
$
78,744

 
16.1
%
 
$
22,660

 
$
101,404

 
20.8
%
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Three Months Ended March 31, 2019
$ in thousands
HB Gross
Profit (Loss)
 
HB Gross
Margin
 
Impairments &
Abandonments
(I&A)
 
HB Gross
Profit (Loss) w/o
I&A
 
HB Gross
Margin w/o
I&A
 
Interest
Amortized to
COS
(Interest)
 
HB Gross Profit
w/o I&A and
Interest
 
HB Gross Margin
w/o I&A and
Interest
West
$
(49,821
)
 
(23.7
)%
 
$
92,912

 
$
43,091

 
20.5
%
 
$
—

 
$
43,091

 
20.5
%
East
16,432

 
17.5
 %
 
—

 
16,432

 
17.5
%
 
—

 
16,432

 
17.5
%
Southeast
20,201

 
17.3
 %
 
—

 
20,201

 
17.3
%
 
—

 
20,201

 
17.3
%
Corporate & unallocated
(30,960
)
 
 
 
16,111

 
(14,849
)
 
 
 
18,544

 
3,695

 
 
Total homebuilding
$
(44,148
)
 
(10.5
)%
 
$
109,023

 
$
64,875

 
15.4
%
 
$
18,544

 
$
83,419

 
19.8
%
 
Six Months Ended March 31, 2020
$ in thousands
HB Gross
Profit (Loss)
 
HB Gross
Margin
 
Impairments &
Abandonments
(I&A)
 
HB Gross
Profit (Loss) w/o
I&A
 
HB Gross
Margin w/o
I&A
 
Interest
Amortized to
COS
(Interest)
 
HB Gross Profit
w/o I&A and
Interest
 
HB Gross Margin
w/o I&A and
Interest
West
$
108,914

 
20.9
 %
 
$
—

 
$
108,914

 
20.9
%
 
$
—

 
$
108,914

 
20.9
%
East
35,848

 
19.1
 %
 
—

 
35,848

 
19.1
%
 
—

 
35,848

 
19.1
%
Southeast
34,114

 
17.4
 %
 
—

 
34,114

 
17.4
%
 
—

 
34,114

 
17.4
%
Corporate & unallocated
(37,024
)
 
 
 
—

 
(37,024
)
 
 
 
42,329

 
5,305

 
 
Total homebuilding
$
141,852

 
15.7
 %
 
$
—

 
$
141,852

 
15.7
%
 
$
42,329

 
$
184,181

 
20.3
%
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Six Months Ended March 31, 2019
$ in thousands
HB Gross
Profit (Loss)
 
HB Gross
Margin
 
Impairments &
Abandonments
(I&A)
 
HB Gross
Profit (Loss) w/o
I&A
 
HB Gross
Margin w/o
I&A
 
Interest
Amortized to
COS
(Interest)
 
HB Gross Profit
w/o I&A and
Interest
 
HB Gross Margin
w/o I&A and
Interest
West
$
(5,961
)
 
(1.4
)%
 
$
92,912

 
$
86,951

 
20.7
%
 
$
—

 
$
86,951

 
20.7
%
East
30,828

 
17.0
 %
 
—

 
30,828

 
17.0
%
 
—

 
30,828

 
17.0
%
Southeast
34,306

 
15.5
 %
 
858

 
35,164

 
15.9
%
 
—

 
35,164

 
15.9
%
Corporate & unallocated
(42,702
)
 
—

 
16,260

 
(26,442
)
 
 
 
35,867

 
9,425

 
 
Total homebuilding
$
16,471

 
2.0
 %
 
$
110,030

 
$
126,501

 
15.4
%
 
$
35,867

 
$
162,368

 
19.8
%


41

Our homebuilding gross profit increased by $122.9 million to $78.7 million for the three months ended March 31, 2020, compared to a loss of $44.1 million in the prior year quarter. The increase in homebuilding gross profit was primarily driven by $109.0 million of impairment charges recognized on projects in progress in our Southern California market during the three months ended March 31, 2019. However, as shown in the tables above, the comparability of our gross profit and gross margin was modestly impacted by interest amortized to homebuilding cost of sales which increased by $4.1 million period-over-period (refer to Note 6 of the notes to our condensed consolidated financial statements in this Form 10-Q). When excluding the impact of interest amortized to homebuilding cost of sales and impairments and abandonments, homebuilding gross profit increased by $18.0 million compared to the prior year quarter, while homebuilding gross margin increased by 100 basis points percent to 20.8%.
Our homebuilding gross profit increased by $125.4 million to $141.9 million for the six months ended March 31, 2020, from $16.5 million in the prior year period. The increase in gross profit was primarily driven by the above-mentioned impairment charges on projects in progress in our Southern California market during the three months ended March 31, 2019. However, similar to the three-month period discussed above, the comparability of our gross profit and gross margin for the six-month period, as shown in the tables above, was impacted by interest amortized to homebuilding cost of sales which increased by $6.5 million, from $35.9 million in the prior year six-month period to $42.3 million in the current period (refer to Note 6 of the notes to our condensed consolidated financial statements in this Form 10-Q). When excluding the impact of interest amortized to homebuilding cost of sales and impairments and abandonments, homebuilding gross profit increased by $21.8 million compared to the prior year period, and our home building margin improved by 50 basis points to 20.3%.
The year-over-year improvement in gross margin for the three and six months ended March 31, 2020 is due to a variety of factors, including: (1) the mix of closings between geographies/markets, individual communities within each market, and product type; (2) our pricing strategies, including the margin impact on homes closed during the current quarter; (3) increased focus on managing our house costs and improving cycle times; and (4) favorable discrete items in the current period, such as lower warranty costs.
Measures of homebuilding gross profit and gross margin after excluding inventory impairments and abandonments, interest amortized to cost of sales, and other non-recurring items are not GAAP financial measures. These measures should not be considered alternatives to homebuilding gross profit and gross margin determined in accordance with GAAP as an indicator of operating performance.
In particular, the magnitude and volatility of non-cash inventory impairment and abandonment charges for the Company and other homebuilders have been significant historically and, as such, have made financial analysis of our industry more difficult. Homebuilding metrics excluding these charges, as well as interest amortized to cost of sales and other similar presentations by analysts and other companies, are frequently used to assist investors in understanding and comparing the operating characteristics of homebuilding activities by eliminating many of the differences in companies' respective level of impairments and levels of debt. Management believes these non-GAAP measures enable holders of our securities to better understand the cash implications of our operating performance and our ability to service our debt obligations as they currently exist and as additional indebtedness is incurred in the future. These measures are also useful internally, helping management to compare operating results and to measure cash available for discretionary spending.
In a given period, our reported gross profit is generated from both communities previously impaired and communities not previously impaired. In addition, as indicated above, certain gross profit amounts arise from recoveries of prior period costs, including warranty items that are not directly tied to communities generating revenue in the period. Home closings from communities previously impaired would, in most instances, generate very low or negative gross margins prior to the impact of the previously recognized impairment. Gross margin for each home closing is higher for a particular community after an impairment because the carrying value of the underlying land was previously reduced to the present value of future cash flows as a result of the impairment, leading to lower cost of sales at the home closing. This improvement in gross margin resulting from one or more prior impairments is frequently referred to in the aggregate as the “impairment turn” or “flow-back” of impairments within the reporting period. The amount of this impairment turn may exceed the gross margin for an individual impaired asset if the gross margin for that asset prior to the impairment would have been negative. The extent to which this impairment turn is greater than the reported gross margin for the individual asset is related to the specific historical cost basis of that individual asset.

42

The asset valuations that result from our impairment calculations are based on discounted cash flow analyses and are not derived by simply applying prospective gross margins to individual communities. As such, impaired communities may have gross margins that are somewhat higher or lower than the gross margins for unimpaired communities. The mix of home closings in any particular quarter varies to such an extent that comparisons between previously impaired and never impaired communities would not be a reliable way to ascertain profitability trends or to assess the accuracy of previous valuation estimates. In addition, since any amount of impairment turn is tied to individual lots in specific communities, it will vary considerably from period to period. As a result of these factors, we review the impairment turn impact on gross margin on a trailing 12-month basis rather than a quarterly basis as a way of considering whether our impairment calculations are resulting in gross margins for impaired communities that are comparable to our unimpaired communities. For the trailing 12-month period, our homebuilding gross margin was 15.3% and excluding interest and inventory impairments and abandonments, it was 20.0%. For the same trailing 12-month period, homebuilding gross margin was as follows in those communities that have previously been impaired, which represented 10.0% of total closings during this period:
Homebuilding Gross Margin from previously impaired communities:
 
Pre-impairment turn gross margin
(2.0
)%
Impact of interest amortized to COS related to these communities
4.8
 %
Pre-impairment turn gross margin, excluding interest amortization
2.8
 %
Impact of impairment turns
17.1
 %
Gross margin (post impairment turns), excluding interest amortization
19.9
 %
For a further discussion of our impairment policies and communities impaired during the prior year quarter, refer to Notes 2 and 5 of the notes to the condensed consolidated financial statements in this Form 10-Q.
Land Sales and Other Revenue and Gross Profit (Loss)
Land sales relate to land and lots sold that do not fit within our homebuilding programs and strategic plans in certain markets. In some periods, we also have other revenue related to broker fees as well as fees received for general contractor services that we perform on behalf of third parties. The following table summarizes our land sales and other revenue and related gross profit (loss) by reportable segment for the periods presented:
 
Land Sales and Other Revenue
 
Land Sales and Other Gross Profit (Loss)
 
Three Months Ended March 31,
 
Three Months Ended March 31,
in thousands
2020
 
2019
 
20 vs 19
 
2020
 
2019
 
20 vs 19
West
$
500

 
$
—

 
$
500

 
$
20

 
$
(37,963
)
 
$
37,983

East
930

 
315

 
615

 
84

 
56

 
28

Southeast
(3
)
 
—

 
(3
)
 
(3
)
 
—

 
(3
)
Corporate and unallocated (a)
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
(625
)
 
625

Total
$
1,427

 
$
315

 
$
1,112

 
$
101

 
$
(38,532
)
 
$
38,633

 
Land Sales and Other Revenue
 
Land Sales and Other Gross Profit (Loss)
 
Six Months Ended March 31,
 
Six Months Ended March 31,
in thousands
2020
 
2019
 
20 vs 19
 
2020
 
2019
 
20 vs 19
West
$
500

 
$
—

 
$
500

 
$
20

 
$
(37,963
)
 
$
37,983

East
1,325

 
1,296

 
29

 
101

 
96

 
5

Southeast
7

 
77

 
(70
)
 
9

 
(4
)
 
13

Corporate and unallocated (a)
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
(625
)
 
625

Total
$
1,832

 
$
1,373

 
$
459

 
$
130

 
$
(38,496
)
 
$
38,626

To further support our efforts to reduce leverage, we continued to focus on closing a number of land sales in the three and six months ended March 31, 2020 for land positions that did not fit within our strategic plans. Future land and lot sales will depend on a variety of factors, including local market conditions, individual community performance, and changing strategic plans.
In addition, during the three and six months ended March 31, 2019, we recognized $38.6 million of impairment charges in our West segment related to land held for sale assets California. Please see Note 5 of the notes to the condensed consolidated financial statements in this Form 10-Q for additional details.

43

Operating Income (Loss)
The table below summarizes operating income by reportable segment for the periods presented:
 
Three Months Ended March 31,
 
Six Months Ended March 31,
in thousands
2020
 
2019
 
20 vs 19
 
2020
 
2019
 
20 vs 19
West
$
33,223

 
$
(107,018
)
 
$
140,241

 
$
63,554

 
$
(82,757
)
 
$
146,311

East
11,513

 
6,929

 
4,584

 
16,834

 
12,324

 
4,510

Southeast
8,814

 
7,324

 
1,490

 
11,970

 
8,704

 
3,266

Corporate and Unallocated (a)
(37,126
)
 
(46,185
)
 
9,059

 
(71,988
)
 
(73,715
)
 
1,727

Operating income (loss) (b)
$
16,424

 
$
(138,950
)
 
$
155,374

 
$
20,370

 
$
(135,444
)
 
$
155,814

(a) Corporate and unallocated operating loss includes amortization of capitalized interest and capitalized indirect costs, expenses related to numerous shared services functions that benefit all segments but are not allocated to the operating segments, and certain other amounts that are not allocated to our operating segments.
(b) Operating loss for the 2019 period presented was impacted by impairment charges (see Note 5 of the notes to our condensed consolidated financial statements in this Form 10-Q).
Our operating income increased by $155.4 million to $16.4 million for the three months ended March 31, 2020, compared to an operating loss of $139.0 million for the three months ended March 31, 2019, driven primarily by the previously discussed decline in gross profit due to impairment charges incurred during the three months ended March 31, 2019, partially offset by increases in SG&A costs and depreciation and amortization compared to the prior year quarter. While SG&A costs increased compared to the prior year quarter, SG&A as a percentage of total revenue each declined by 70 basis points year-over-year.
For the six months ended March 31, 2020, operating income increased by $155.8 million to $20.4 million, compared to operating loss in the prior year period of $135.4 million. The increase was primarily driven by the previously discussed decline in gross profit due to impairment charges incurred during the three months ended March 31, 2019, partially offset by slightly higher SG&A costs and depreciation and amortization compared to the prior year quarter. However, SG&A declined year-over-year as a percentage of total revenue by 50 basis points.
Below operating income (loss), we experienced an increase in other expense, net, for the three and six months ended March 31, 2020, primarily due to a year-over-year increase in interest costs not qualified for capitalization. See Note 6 of the notes to our condensed consolidated financial statements in this Form 10-Q for a further discussion of these items.
Goodwill
Goodwill represents the excess of the purchase price over the fair value of the identifiable net assets from the businesses that we acquire. The Company's entire goodwill balance is related to the Venture Homes acquisition that occurred during fiscal 2018. The Company evaluates goodwill for impairment at the reporting unit level annually or more often if indicators of impairment exist. Due to the market downturn caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, as of March 31, 2020, we tested our goodwill for impairment taking into consideration the current and expected future market conditions and determined that the fair value of the reporting unit exceeded its carrying value, and therefore, our goodwill was not impaired.
To the extent that there is further deterioration in market or overall economic conditions, it is possible that our conclusion regarding the fair value of a reporting unit could change, which could result in future goodwill impairments that have an adverse effect on our financial position and results of operations.
Income Taxes
Our income tax assets and liabilities and related effective tax rate are affected by various factors, the most significant of which is the valuation allowance recorded against a portion of our deferred tax assets. Due to the effect of our valuation allowance adjustments beginning in fiscal 2008, a comparison of our annual effective tax rates must consider the changes in our valuation allowance. As such, our effective tax rates have not been meaningful metrics, as our income tax benefit/expense was not directly correlated to the amount of pretax income or loss for the associated periods. Beginning in fiscal 2016, the Company began using an annualized effective tax rate in interim periods to determine its income tax benefit/expense, which we believe more closely correlates with our periodic pretax income or loss. The annualized effective tax rate will continue to be impacted by discrete tax items.
Our current fiscal year-to-date income tax expense was primarily driven by income tax expense on earnings from continuing operations, partially offset by the completion of work necessary to claim $0.8 million in energy efficient homebuilding tax credits

44

related to closings from prior fiscal years. The tax benefit for the six months ended March 31, 2019 was primarily driven by the loss from continuing operations, which included the impairments on projects in progress and land held for sale assets, and the completion of work necessary to claim $5.4 million in tax credits related to closings from prior fiscal years. Refer to Note 11 of the notes to our condensed consolidated financial statements included in this Form 10-Q for further discussion of our income taxes.
Three Months Ended March 31, 2020 as compared to 2019
West Segment: Homebuilding revenue increased by 27.0% for the three months ended March 31, 2020 compared to the prior year quarter due to a 21.3% increase in closings, in addition to a 4.7% increase in ASP. Compared to the prior year quarter, homebuilding gross profit increased by $106.6 million due to the previously discussed impairment charges during the three months ended March 31, 2019. Excluding impairments, homebuilding gross margin increased to 21.3%, up from 20.5% in the prior year quarter. The increase in gross margin was driven primarily by a combination of lower sales incentives and lower direct construction costs period-over-period. The $140.2 million increase in operating income compared to the prior year quarter was due to the previously discussed impairment charges, partially offset by higher commissions and G&A expenses in the segment.
East Segment: Homebuilding revenue increased by 17.3% for the three months ended March 31, 2020 compared to the prior year quarter due to a 10.3% increase in closings, in addition to a 6.4% increase in ASP. Compared to the prior year quarter, homebuilding gross profit increased by $5.5 million due to the increase in homebuilding revenue and higher gross margin, which increased from 17.5% to 20.0%. The increase in gross margin was driven primarily by lower sales incentives period-over-period. The increase of $4.6 million in operating income was primarily due to the previously discussed increase in gross profit, partially offset by higher commissions and G&A expenses in the segment.
Southeast Segment: Homebuilding revenue decreased by 5.2% for the three months ended March 31, 2020 compared to the prior year quarter due to a 2.7% decrease in ASP, in addition to a 2.5% decrease in closings. Compared to the prior year quarter, homebuilding gross profit decreased by $0.5 million due to the decrease in homebuilding revenue, partially offset by higher gross margin, which increased from 17.3% to 18.7%. The increase in gross margin was primarily driven lower direct construction costs. The increase in operating income of $1.5 million was primarily due to the previously discussed increase in gross margin as well as lower commissions and G&A expenses in the segment.
Corporate and Unallocated: Our Corporate and unallocated results include amortization of capitalized interest and capitalized indirect costs; expenses for various shared services functions that benefit all segments but are not allocated, including information technology, treasury, corporate finance, legal, branding and national marketing; and certain other amounts that are not allocated to our operating segments. For the three months ended March 31, 2020, corporate and unallocated net costs were up $9.1 million from the prior year quarter due to a $16.7 million write off of capitalized interest and indirect costs related to the impairment of assets in the West segment in the prior year period, partially offset by an increase in the proportion of interest and indirect costs expensed to cost of sales period-over-period and higher corporate G&A costs.
Six Months Ended March 31, 2020 as compared to 2019
West Segment: Homebuilding revenue increased by 24.4% for the six months ended March 31, 2020 compared to the six months ended March 31, 2019 due to a 18.4% increase in closings, in addition to an increase in ASP of 5.0%. Compared to the prior year period, homebuilding gross profit increased by $114.9 million due to the previously discussed impairment charges during the three months ended March 31, 2019. Excluding impairments, homebuilding gross margin increased to 20.9%, up from 20.7%% in the prior year period. The increase in gross margin was driven primarily by a a shift in product and community mix. The $146.3 million year-over-year increase in operating income was the result of the previously discussed previously discussed impairment charges, partially offset by higher commissions and G&A expenses in the segment.
East Segment: Homebuilding revenue increased by 3.4% for the six months ended March 31, 2020 compared to the six months ended March 31, 2019 due to a 6.5% increase in closings, partially offset by a 2.9% decrease in ASP. Compared to the prior year period, homebuilding gross profit increased by $5.0 million due to an increase in homebuilding revenue as well as an increase in homebuilding gross margin, from 17.0% to 19.1%. The increase in gross margin was driven primarily by lower sales incentives as well as changes in product and community mix. The $4.5 million increase in operating income compared to the prior year period was primarily due to the previously discussed increase in gross margin, partially offset by higher commissions and G&A expenses in the segment.
Southeast Segment: Homebuilding revenue decreased by 11.3% compared to the six months ended March 31, 2019 due to a 12.5% decrease in closings, partially offset by a 1.3% increase in ASP. Compared to the prior year period, homebuilding gross profit decreased by $0.2 million over the same period due to the decrease in homebuilding revenue partially offset by an increase in gross margin from 15.5% to 17.4%. The increase in gross margin is driven in part by lower direct construction costs, partially offset by a $0.9 million inventory impairment during the prior year period. The $3.3 million increase in operating income compared

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to the prior year period was driven by the aforementioned increase in gross margin as well as lower G&A costs during the current year period.
Corporate and Unallocated: For the six months ended March 31, 2020, corporate and unallocated net costs decreased by $1.7 million over the prior year period. The decrease was primarily attributable to a $16.9 million write off of capitalized interest and indirect costs related to the impairment of assets in the West segment during the six months ended March 31, 2019, partially offset by an increase in the proportion of interest and indirect costs expensed to cost of sales period-over-period and higher corporate G&A costs.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
Our sources of liquidity include, but are not limited to, cash from operations, proceeds from Senior Notes, our Secured Revolving Credit Facility (the Facility) and other bank borrowings, the issuance of equity and equity-linked securities, and other external sources of funds. Our short-term and long-term liquidity depends primarily upon our level of net income, working capital management (cash, accounts receivable, accounts payable and other liabilities), and available credit facilities.
Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash increased as follows for the periods presented:
 
Six Months Ended March 31,
in thousands
2020
 
2019
Cash used in operating activities
$
(45,913
)
 
$
(83,034
)
Cash used in investing activities
(5,342
)
 
(15,502
)
Cash provided by financing activities
241,008

 
43,926

Net increase (decrease) in cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash
$
189,753

 
$
(54,610
)
Operating Activities
Net cash used in operating activities was $45.9 million for the six months ended March 31, 2020. The primary drivers of operating cash flows are typically cash earnings and changes in inventory levels, including land acquisition and development spending. Net cash used in operating activities during the period was primarily driven by an increase in inventory of $89.2 million resulting from land acquisition, land development, and house construction spending to support continued growth, partially offset by a net decrease in non-inventory working capital balances of $15.9 million, and income from continuing operations before income taxes of $17.4 million, which included $10.1 million of non-cash charges.
Net cash used in operating activities was $83.0 million for the six months ended March 31, 2019, primarily driven by an increase in inventory of $88.5 million resulting from land acquisition, land development, and house construction spending to support continued growth, and an increase in non-inventory working capital balances of $17.2 million, partially offset by income from continuing operations before income taxes of $135.6 million, which included $158.6 million of non-cash charges.
Investing Activities
Net cash used in investing activities for the six months ended March 31, 2020 and March 31, 2019, was $5.3 million and $15.5 million, respectively, primarily driven in both periods by capital expenditures for model homes.
Financing Activities
Net cash provided by financing activities was $241.0 million for the six months ended March 31, 2020 driven by net borrowings under the Facility, as discussed below, partially offset by common stock repurchases under our share repurchase program, tax payments for stock-based compensation awards vesting, cash settlement of performance-based restricted stock, and repayment of other miscellaneous borrowings.
Net cash provided by financing activities was $43.9 million for the six months ended March 31, 2019 driven by net borrowings under the Facility, partially offset by common stock repurchases under our share repurchase program, tax payments for stock-based compensation awards vesting, the repayment of other miscellaneous borrowings, and the payment of debt issuance costs.

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Financial Position
As of March 31, 2020, our liquidity position consisted of $294.3 million in cash and cash equivalents including a fully drawn $250.0 million revolving credit facility.
The unprecedented public health and governmental efforts to contain the COVID-19 pandemic have created significant uncertainty as to general economic and housing market conditions for the remainder of 2020 and beyond. As of the date of this report, we believe we have adequate capital resources and sufficient access to external financing sources to satisfy our current and reasonably anticipated requirements for funds to conduct our operations and meet other needs in the ordinary course of our business. While we believe we have an adequate liquidity position as of the date of this report, we are taking steps to maximize positive cash flow, in case a lack of liquidity in the economy resulting from the responses to the COVID-19 pandemic limits our access to third party funding. In particular, on March 13, 2020, we elected to draw down all of the $250.0 million available amounts under the Facility. In addition, we are limiting cash expenditures, including by temporarily reducing or deferring land acquisition and development and general and administrative spending.
During this time, we may also engage in capital markets, bank loan, project debt or other financial transactions, including the repurchase of debt or potential new issuances of debt or equity securities to support our business needs. The amounts involved in these transactions, if any, may be material. In addition, as necessary or desirable, we may adjust or amend the terms of and/or expand the capacity of the Facility (including as described below), or enter into additional letter of credit facilities, or other similar facility arrangements, in each case with the same or other financial institutions, or allow any such facilities to mature or expire. However, with the uncertainty surrounding the COVID-19 pandemic, our ability to engage in such transactions will likely be constrained by volatile or tight economic, capital, credit and financial market conditions, as well as lender interest and capacity and our liquidity, leverage and net worth. Accordingly, we can provide no assurance as to the successful completion of, or the operational limitations arising from, any one or series of such transactions. For further discussion of the potential impacts from the COVID-19 pandemic on our capital resources and liquidity, see Part II, Item 1A – Risk Factors below.
Debt
We generally fulfill our short-term cash requirements with cash generated from operations and available borrowings. Additionally, we maintain the Facility, which had total borrowings of $250.0 million and no additional capacity remaining as of March 31, 2020 after considering our outstanding borrowings backed by the Facility of $250.0 million. We had no letters of credit outstanding under the Facility as of March 31, 2020.
We have also entered into a number of stand-alone, cash secured letter of credit agreements with banks. These combined facilities provide for letter of credit needs collateralized by either cash or assets of the Company. We currently have $16.7 million of outstanding letters of credit under these facilities, which are secured by cash collateral that is maintained in restricted accounts totaling $17.1 million.
To provide greater letter of credit capacity, the Company has also entered into a reimbursement agreement, which provides for the issuance of performance letters of credit, and an unsecured credit agreement that provides for the issuance of up to $50.0 million of standby letters of credit to backstop the Company's obligations under the reimbursement agreement (collectively, the "Bilateral Facility"). The Bilateral Facility will terminate on June 10, 2021. As of March 31, 2020, the total stated amount of performance letters of credit issued under the reimbursement agreement was $39.4 million (and the stated amount of the backstop standby letter of credit issued under the credit agreement was $40.0 million)
On April 27, 2020 (the Eighth Amendment Effective Date), the Company executed an Eighth Amendment to the Facility, which, among other things, (1) reduces the aggregate collateral ratio (as defined in the Facility) from 4.00:1.00 to 2.50:1.00 for period commencing on the Eighth Amendment Effective Date through September 30, 2020; (2) reduces the after-acquired property exclusionary conditions (as defined in the Facility) from the product of the aggregate amount of the commitments multiplied by 4.0 to the product of the aggregate amount of commitments multiplied by 2.5 for the period commencing on the Eighth Amendment Effective Date though September 30, 2020; (3) restricts the repurchase of the Company's capital stock through open market transactions for the period commencing on the Eighth Amendment Effective Date through September 30, 2020; and (4) reduces the aggregate amount of other investments (as defined in the Facility) that can be made by the Company from $100.0 million to $50.0 million for the period commencing on the Eight Amendment Effective Date through September 30, 2020. The Eighth Amendment to the Facility was executed as part of our effort to enhance financial flexibility. We expect to remain in compliance with the terms of our debt covenants (as in effect both before and after the execution of the Eighth Amendment to the Facility) and despite the uncertainty surrounding the COVID-19 pandemic.


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In the future, we may from time to time seek to continue to retire or purchase our outstanding debt through cash repurchases or in exchange for other debt securities, in open market purchases, privately-negotiated transactions, or otherwise. In addition, any material variance from our projected operating results could require us to obtain additional equity or debt financing. There can be no assurance that we will be able to complete any of these transactions in the future on favorable terms or at all. See Note 7 of the notes to our condensed consolidated financial statements in this Form 10-Q for additional details related to our borrowings.
Credit Ratings
Our credit ratings are periodically reviewed by rating agencies. In November 2019, Moody's reaffirmed the Company's issuer corporate family rating of B3 and stable outlook for the Company. In March 2020, S&P reaffirmed the Company's corporate credit rating of B- and revised the outlook for the Company to stable. In October 2019, Fitch reaffirmed the Company's long-term issuer default rating of B- and withdrew ratings for commercial reasons. These ratings and our current credit condition affect, among other things, our ability to access new capital. Negative changes to these ratings may result in more stringent covenants and higher interest rates under the terms of any new debt. Our credit ratings could be lowered, or rating agencies could issue adverse commentaries in the future, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations, and liquidity. In particular, a weakening of our financial condition, including any further increase in our leverage or decrease in our profitability or cash flows, could adversely affect our ability to obtain necessary funds, could result in a credit rating downgrade or change in outlook, or could otherwise increase our cost of borrowing.
Stock Repurchases and Dividends Paid
During the first quarter of fiscal 2019, the Company's Board of Directors approved a share repurchase program that authorizes the Company to repurchase up to $50.0 million of its outstanding common stock. As part of this program, the Company repurchased common stock during fiscal 2019 through open market transactions, 10b5-1 plans, and accelerated share repurchase (ASR) agreements, totaling $34.6 million. The Company repurchased 362 thousand shares of its common stock for $3.3 million at an average price per share of $9.20 during the six months ended March 31, 2020 through open market transactions. While, as of March 31, 2020, the remaining availability of the share repurchase program was $12.0 million, in light of the COVID-19 pandemic, the Company does not intend to make additional repurchases under the program for the remainder of the current fiscal year.
The indentures under which our Senior Notes were issued contain certain restrictive covenants, including limitations on the payment of dividends. There were no dividends paid during the six months ended March 31, 2020 or 2019.
Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements and Aggregate Contractual Commitments
Lot Option Contracts
We historically have attempted to control a portion of our land supply through lot option contracts. As of March 31, 2020, we controlled 19,654 lots. We owned 71.7%, or 14,100 of these lots, and the remaining 5,554 of these lots, or 28.3%, were under option contracts with land developers and land bankers, which generally require the payment of cash or the posting of a letter of credit for the right to acquire lots during a specified period of time at a certain price. As a result of the flexibility that these options provide us, upon a change in market conditions (as we are currently experiencing as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic), we may renegotiate the terms of the options prior to exercise or terminate the agreement. Under option contracts, purchase of the properties is contingent upon satisfaction of certain requirements by us and the sellers, and our liability is generally limited to forfeiture of the non-refundable deposits and other non-refundable amounts incurred, which totaled approximately $67.6 million as of March 31, 2020. The total remaining purchase price, net of cash deposits, committed under all options was $382.4 million as of March 31, 2020. Based on market conditions and our liquidity, we may further expand our use of option agreements to supplement our owned inventory supply.
We expect to exercise, subject to market conditions and seller satisfaction of contract terms, most of our option contracts. Various factors, some of which are beyond our control, such as market conditions, weather conditions, and the timing of the completion of development activities, will have a significant impact on the timing of option exercises or whether lot options will be exercised at all.
We have historically funded the exercise of lot options with operating cash flows. We expect these sources to continue to be adequate to fund anticipated future option exercises. Therefore, we do not anticipate that the exercise of our lot options will have a material adverse effect on our liquidity.

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Investments in Unconsolidated Entities
Occasionally, we use legal entities in which we have less than a controlling interest. We enter into the majority of these arrangements with land developers, other homebuilders, and financial partners to acquire attractive land positions, to manage our risk profile, and to leverage our capital base. The underlying land positions are developed into finished lots for sale to the unconsolidated entity’s members or other third parties. We account for our interest in unconsolidated entities under the equity method.
Historically, we and our partners have provided varying levels of guarantees of debt or other obligations of our unconsolidated entities. As of March 31, 2020, we had no repayment guarantees outstanding related to the debt of our unconsolidated entities. See Note 4 of the notes to our condensed consolidated financial statements in this Form 10-Q for more information.
Letters of Credit and Performance Bonds
In connection with the development of our communities, we are frequently required to provide performance, maintenance, and other bonds and letters of credit in support of our related obligations with respect to such developments. The amount of such obligations outstanding at any time varies in accordance with our pending development activities. In the event any such bonds or letters of credit are drawn upon, we would be obligated to reimburse the issuer of such bonds or letters of credit. As of March 31, 2020, we had outstanding letters of credit and performance bonds of approximately $56.1 million and $265.6 million, respectively, primarily related to our obligations to local governments to construct roads and other improvements in various developments.
Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities
We are exposed to fluctuations in interest rates. From time-to-time, we may enter into derivative agreements to manage interest costs and hedge against risks associated with fluctuating interest rates. However, as of March 31, 2020, we were not a party to any such derivative agreements. We do not enter into or hold derivatives for trading or speculative purposes.
Critical Accounting Policies
Our critical accounting policies require the use of judgment in their application and in certain cases require estimates of inherently uncertain matters. Although our accounting policies are in compliance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (GAAP), a change in the facts and circumstances of the underlying transactions could significantly change the application of the accounting policies and the resulting financial statement impact. It is also possible that other professionals applying reasonable judgment to the same set of facts and circumstances could reach a different conclusion. As disclosed in our 2019 Annual Report, our most critical accounting policies relate to inventory valuation (projects in progress, land held for future development, and land held for sale), revenue recognition, warranty reserves, and income tax valuation allowances and ownership changes. There have been no significant changes to our critical accounting policies during the six months ended March 31, 2020 as compared to the significant accounting policies described in Item 7. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations included in our 2019 Annual Report on Form 10-K.

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FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS
This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q (Form 10-Q) contains forward-looking statements. These forward-looking statements represent our expectations or beliefs concerning future events or results, and it is possible that such events or results described in this Form 10-Q will not occur or be achieved. These forward-looking statements can generally be identified by the use of statements that include words such as “estimate,” “project,” “believe,” “expect,” “anticipate,” “intend,” “plan,” “foresee,” “likely,” “will,” "outlook," “goal,” “target” or other similar words or phrases.
These forward-looking statements involve risks, uncertainties and other factors, many of which are outside of our control, that could cause actual events or results to differ materially from the events or results discussed in the forward-looking statements, including, among other things, the matters discussed in this Form 10-Q in the section captioned “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.” Additional information about factors that could lead to material changes is contained in Part I, Item 1A— Risk Factors of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended September 30, 2019. These factors are not intended to be an all-inclusive list of risks and uncertainties that may affect the operations, performance, development and results of our business, but instead are the risks that we currently perceive as potentially being material. Such factors may include:
•
the potential negative impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, which, in addition to exacerbating each of the risks listed below, may include a significant decrease in demand for our homes or consumer confidence generally with respect to purchasing a home, an inability to sell and build homes in a typical manner or at all, increased costs or decreased supply of building materials or the availability of subcontractors, housing inspectors, and other third-parties we rely on to support our operations, and recognizing charges in future periods, which may be material, for goodwill impairments, inventory impairments and/or land option contract abandonments;
•
our ability to raise debt and/or equity capital, due to factors such as limitations in the capital markets (including market volatility) or adverse credit market conditions, which have worsened and may continue to worsen as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, and our ability to otherwise meet our ongoing liquidity needs (which could cause us to fail to meet the terms of our covenants and other requirements under our various debt instruments and therefore trigger an acceleration of a significant portion or all of our outstanding debt obligations), including the impact of any downgrades of our credit ratings or reduction in our liquidity levels;
•
market perceptions regarding any capital raising initiatives we may undertake (including future issuances of equity or debt capital;
•
the cyclical nature of the homebuilding industry and a potential deterioration in homebuilding industry conditions;
•
economic changes nationally or in local markets, changes in consumer confidence, wage levels, declines in employment levels, inflation or increases in the quantity and decreases in the price of new homes and resale homes on the market;
•
shortages of or increased prices for labor, land or raw materials used in housing production, and the level of quality and craftsmanship provided by our subcontractors;
•
the availability and cost of land and the risks associated with the future value of our inventory, such as asset impairment charges we took on select California assets during the second quarter of fiscal 2019;
•
factors affecting margins, such as decreased land values underlying land option agreements, increased land development costs in communities under development or delays or difficulties in implementing initiatives to reduce our production and overhead cost structure;
•
estimates related to homes to be delivered in the future (backlog) are imprecise, as they are subject to various cancellation risks that cannot be fully controlled;
•
increases in mortgage interest rates, increased disruption in the availability of mortgage financing, changes in tax laws or otherwise regarding the deductibility of mortgage interest expenses and real estate taxes or an increased number of foreclosures;
•
increased competition or delays in reacting to changing consumer preferences in home design;
•
natural disasters or other related events that could result in delays in land development or home construction, increase our costs or decrease demand in the impacted areas;
•
the potential recoverability of our deferred tax assets;
•
potential delays or increased costs in obtaining necessary permits as a result of changes to, or complying with, laws, regulations or governmental policies, and possible penalties for failure to comply with such laws, regulations or governmental policies, including those related to the environment;
•
the results of litigation or government proceedings and fulfillment of any related obligations;
•
the impact of construction defect and home warranty claims;

50

•
the cost and availability of insurance and surety bonds, as well as the sufficiency of these instruments to cover potential losses incurred;
•
the impact of information technology failures, cybersecurity issues or data security breaches;
•
terrorist acts, natural disasters, acts of war or other factors over which the Company has little or no control; or
•
the impact on homebuilding in key markets of governmental regulations limiting the availability of water.
Any forward-looking statement, including any statement expressing confidence regarding future outcomes, speaks only as of the date on which such statement is made and, except as required by law, we undertake no obligation to update any forward-looking statement to reflect events or circumstances after the date on which such statement is made or to reflect the occurrence of unanticipated events. New factors emerge from time to time, and it is not possible to predict all such factors.
Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk
We are exposed to a number of market risks in the ordinary course of business. Our primary market risk exposure relates to fluctuations in interest rates. We do not believe that our exposure in this area is material to our cash flows or results of operations. As of March 31, 2020, we had variable rate debt outstanding totaling approximately $317.1 million. A one percent increase in the interest rate for these notes would result in an increase of our interest expense by approximately $3.5 million over the next twelve-month period. The estimated fair value of our fixed-rate debt as of March 31, 2020 was $0.88 billion, compared to a principal amount of $1.12 billion. The effect of a hypothetical one-percentage point decrease in our estimated discount rates would increase the estimated fair value of the fixed rate debt instruments from $0.88 billion to $0.93 billion as of March 31, 2020.
Item 4. Controls and Procedures
Disclosure Controls and Procedures
As of the end of the period covered by this report, an evaluation was performed based on criteria established in the Internal Control - Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (2013 Framework) under the supervision and with the participation of the Company’s management, including the Chief Executive Officer (CEO) and Chief Financial Officer (CFO), of the effectiveness of the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures as defined in Rule 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (the Act). Based on that evaluation, the CEO and CFO concluded that the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of March 31, 2020 at a reasonable assurance level.
Attached as exhibits to this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q are certifications of our CEO and CFO, which are required by Rule 13a-14 of the Act. This Disclosure Controls and Procedures section includes information concerning management’s evaluation of disclosure controls and procedures referred to in those certifications and should be read in conjunction with the certifications of the CEO and CFO.
Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
There have been no changes in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting during the quarter ended March 31, 2020 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

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Item 5. Other Information
On April 27, 2020 (the Eighth Amendment Effective Date), the Company executed an Eighth Amendment to the Facility, which, among other things, (1) reduces the aggregate collateral ratio (as defined in the Facility) from 4.00:1.00 to 2.50:1.00 for period commencing on the Eighth Amendment Effective Date through September 30, 2020; (2) reduces the after-acquired property exclusionary conditions (as defined in the Facility) from the product of the aggregate amount of the commitments multiplied by 4.0 to the product of the aggregate amount of commitments multiplied by 2.5 for the period commencing on the Eighth Amendment Effective Date though September 30, 2020; (3) restricts the repurchase of the Company's capital stock through open market transactions for the period commencing on the Eighth Amendment Effective Date through September 30, 2020; and (4) reduces the aggregate amount of other investments (as defined in the Facility) that can be made by the Company from $100.0 million to $50.0 million for the period commencing on the Eight Amendment Effective Date through September 30, 2020. The Eighth Amendment to the Facility was executed as part of our effort to enhance financial flexibility. We expect to remain in compliance with the terms of our debt covenants (as in effect both before and after the execution of the Eighth Amendment to the Facility) and despite the uncertainty surrounding the COVID-19 pandemic.
PART II. OTHER INFORMATION
Item 1. Legal Proceedings
For a discussion of our legal proceedings, see Note 9 of the notes to our condensed consolidated financial statements in this Form 10-Q.
Item 1A. Risk Factors
Except as set forth below, as of the date of this report, there have been no material changes to the risk factors we previously disclosed in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended September 30, 2019.
Our business could be materially and adversely disrupted by an epidemic or pandemic (such as the present outbreak and worldwide spread of COVID-19), or similar public threat, or fear of such an event, and the measures that international, federal, state and local governments, agencies, law enforcement and/or health authorities implement to address it.
An epidemic, pandemic or similar serious public health issue, and the measures undertaken by governmental authorities to address it, could significantly disrupt or prevent us from operating our business in the ordinary course for an extended period, and thereby, and/or along with any associated economic and/or social instability or distress, have a material adverse impact on our consolidated financial statements.
On March 11, 2020, the World Health Organization characterized the outbreak of COVID-19 as a global pandemic and recommended containment and mitigation measures. On March 13, 2020, the United States declared a national emergency concerning the outbreak, and many states and municipalities have since declared public health emergencies. Along with these declarations, there have been extraordinary and wide-ranging actions taken by international, federal, state and local public health and governmental authorities to contain and combat the outbreak and spread of COVID-19 in regions across the United States and the world, including quarantines, “stay-at-home” or "shelter in place" orders and similar mandates for many individuals to substantially restrict daily activities and for many businesses to curtail or cease normal operations.
In response to these steps, in mid-March 2020, we temporarily closed our sales centers, model homes and design studios to the general public and shifted to an appointment-only personalized home sales process where permitted, following recommended social distancing and other health and safety protocols when meeting in person with a customer. In addition, we shifted our corporate and division office functions to work remotely. These measures, combined with limiting our construction operations to authorized activities and a reduction in the availability, capacity and efficiency of municipal and private services necessary to the progress of land development, homebuilding, completing mortgage loans and delivering homes, which in each case has varied by market depending on the scope of the restrictions local authorities have established, have tempered our sales pace and delayed home deliveries in the latter part of March and through the date of this report. We also prioritized our warranty service activities to respond to emergency repair requests, and otherwise on a by-exception basis. We are uncertain of the potential full magnitude or duration of the business and economic impacts from the unprecedented public health effort to contain and combat the spread of COVID-19, which include, among other things, significant volatility in financial markets and a sharp decrease in the value of equity securities, including our common stock. In addition, we can provide no assurance as to whether the COVID-19 public health effort will be intensified to such an extent that we will not be able to conduct any business operations in certain of our served markets or at all for an indefinite period.
Our business could also be negatively impacted over the medium-to-longer term if the disruptions related to the COVID-19 pandemic decrease consumer confidence generally or with respect to purchasing a home; cause civil unrest; or precipitate a

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prolonged economic downturn and/or an extended rise in unemployment or tempering of wage growth, any of which could lower demand for our products; impair our ability to sell and build homes in a typical manner or at all, generate revenues and cash flows, and/or access the Facility or the capital or lending markets (or significantly increase the costs of doing so), as may be necessary to sustain our business; increase the costs or decrease the supply of building materials or the availability of subcontractors and other talent, including as a result of infections or medically necessary or recommended self-quarantining, or governmental mandates to direct production activities to support public health efforts; and/or result in our recognizing charges in future periods, which may be material, for goodwill impairments, inventory impairments, and/or land option contract abandonments. Any sustained or prolonged reductions in future earnings periods may change our conclusions on whether we are more likely than not to realize portions of our deferred tax assets. The inherent uncertainties surrounding the COVID-19 pandemic, due in part to rapidly changing governmental directives, public health challenges and progress, and market reactions thereto, also makes it more challenging for our management to estimate the future performance of our business and develop strategies to generate growth or achieve any initial or revised objectives for 2020.
Should the adverse impacts described above (or others that are currently unknown) occur, whether individually or collectively, we would expect to experience, among other things, decreases in our net orders, homes delivered, average selling prices, revenues and profitability, some of which we have experienced in the last few weeks of our second quarter and the first few weeks of our third quarter, and such impacts could be material to our consolidated financial statements in the third quarter and beyond. In addition, should public health efforts related to the COVID-19 pandemic intensify to such a degree that we cannot operate in some or all of our served markets, the number of home orders we receive and home deliveries we complete, if any during such period (which may be prolonged), may be significantly lower than historical norms. Along with an increase in cancellations of home purchase contracts, if there are prolonged government restrictions on our business and our customers, and/or an extended economic recession, we could be unable to produce revenues and cash flows sufficient to conduct our business; meet the terms of our covenants and other requirements under the Facility, our senior notes and the related indenture, and/or mortgages and land contracts due to land sellers and other loans; service our outstanding debt. Such a circumstance could, among other things, exhaust our available liquidity (and ability to access liquidity sources) and/or trigger an acceleration to pay a significant portion or all of our then-outstanding debt obligations, which we may be unable to do.
Item 6. Exhibits
10.45
 
 
31.1
 
 
31.2
 
 
32.1
 
 
32.2
 
 
101.INS
XBRL Instance Document
 
 
101.SCH
XBRL Schema Document
 
 
101.CAL
XBRL Calculation Linkbase Document
 
 
101.LAB
XBRL Labels Linkbase Document
 
 
101.PRE
XBRL Presentation Linkbase Document
 
 
101.DEF
XBRL Definition Linkbase Document


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SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

Date:
April 30, 2020
Beazer Homes USA, Inc.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
By:
 
/s/ Robert L. Salomon
 
 
 
Name:
Robert L. Salomon
 
 
 
 
Executive Vice President and
Chief Financial Officer

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