BioXcel Therapeutics, Inc. - Quarter Report: 2022 March (Form 10-Q)

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UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

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Commission File Number: 001-38410

BioXcel Therapeutics, Inc.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

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(475) 238-6837

(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

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N/A

(Former name, former address and former fiscal year, if changed since last report)

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Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ⌧ No ◻

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Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§ 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ⌧ No ◻

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Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

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If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☒

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Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No ☒

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The number of shares of the registrant’s common stock, $0.001 par value per share, outstanding at May 5, 2022 was 27,985,145.

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FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q contains forward-looking statements that involve risks and uncertainties. We make such forward-looking statements pursuant to the safe harbor provisions of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 and other federal securities laws. All statements other than statements of historical facts contained in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q are forward-looking statements. In some cases, you can identify forward-looking statements by terminology such as “may,” “will,” “should,” “expects,” “intends,” “plans,” “anticipates,” “believes,” “estimates,” “predicts,” “potential,” “continue” or the negative of these terms or other comparable terminology. These forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to, statements about:

These forward-looking statements are based on management’s current expectations. These statements are neither promises nor guarantees, but involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other important factors that may cause our actual results, performance or achievements to be materially different from any future results, performance or achievements expressed or implied by the forward-looking statements. Factors that may cause actual results to differ materially from current expectations include, among other things, those listed under “Summary Risk Factors,” Part II, Item 1A. “Risk Factors,” and Part I, Item 2. “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” and elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. Given these uncertainties, you should not rely on these forward-looking statements as predictions of future events. Except as required by law, we assume no obligation to update or revise these forward-looking statements for any reason, even if new information becomes available in the future.

This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q also contains estimates, projections and other information concerning our industry, our business, and the markets for certain diseases, including data regarding the estimated size of those markets, and the incidence and prevalence of certain medical conditions. Information that is based on estimates, forecasts, projections, market research or similar methodologies is inherently subject to uncertainties and actual events or circumstances may differ materially from events and circumstances reflected in this information. Unless otherwise expressly stated, we obtained this industry, business, market and other data from reports, research surveys, studies and similar data prepared by market research firms and other third parties, industry, medical and general publications, government data and similar sources.

As used in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, unless otherwise specified or the context otherwise requires, the terms “we,” “our,” “us,” the “Company” or “BTI” refer to BioXcel Therapeutics, Inc. and “BioXcel LLC” refers to the Company’s former parent company and significant stockholder, BioXcel LLC and its predecessor, BioXcel Corporation. All brand names or trademarks appearing in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q are the property of their respective owners, including IGALMI^TM, which is a trademark of BioXcel Therapeutics, Inc.

We may use our website as a distribution channel of material information about the Company. Financial and other important information regarding the Company is routinely posted on and accessible through the Investors & Media section of its website at www.bioxceltherapeutics.com. In addition, you may automatically receive email alerts and other information about the Company when you enroll your email address by visiting the “Email Alerts” option under the News / Events menu of the Investors & Media section of our website at www.bioxceltherapeutics.com.

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SUMMARY RISK FACTORS

Our business is subject to numerous risks and uncertainties, including those described in Part II, Item 1A. “Risk Factors” in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. You should carefully consider these risks and uncertainties when investing in our common stock. The principal risks and uncertainties affecting our business include the following:

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PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1. Financial Statements

BIOXCEL THERAPEUTICS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

BALANCE SHEETS

(amounts in thousands, except per share amounts)

(unaudited)

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The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements.

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BIOXCEL THERAPEUTICS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS

(amounts in thousands, except per share amounts)

(unaudited)

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The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements.

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BIOXCEL THERAPEUTICS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY

(amounts in thousands)

(unaudited)

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The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements.

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BIOXCEL THERAPEUTICS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

(amounts in thousands)

(unaudited)

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The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements.

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BIOXCEL THERAPEUTICS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(amounts in thousands, except per share amounts and where otherwise noted)

(unaudited)

Note 1. Nature of the Business

BioXcel Therapeutics, Inc. is a biopharmaceutical company focused on drug development that utilizes artificial intelligence (“AI”) to identify improved therapies in neuroscience and immuno-oncology. BTI's drug re-innovation approach leverages existing approved drugs and/or clinically validated product candidates together with big data and proprietary machine learning algorithms to identify new therapeutic indices. BTI's two most advanced clinical development programs are BXCL501, a proprietary, orally dissolving, thin film formulation of the adrenergic receptor agonist dexmedetomidine (“Dex”), for the treatment of agitation, and BXCL701, an orally administered, systemic innate immune activator for the treatment of a rare form of prostate cancer and advanced solid tumors that are refractory or treatment naïve to checkpoint inhibitors.

As used in these financial statements, unless otherwise specified or the context otherwise requires, the terms the “Company” or “BTI” refer to BioXcel Therapeutics, Inc., and “BioXcel LLC” refers to BioXcel LLC and, its predecessor, BioXcel Corporation.

The Company was incorporated under the laws of the State of Delaware on March 29, 2017. The Company’s principal office is in New Haven, Connecticut.

Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic

During the first quarter ended March 31, 2020, the novel coronavirus disease (“COVID-19”) was declared a pandemic and spread to multiple regions across the globe, including the U.S. and Europe. The outbreak and government measures taken in response had a significant impact, both direct and indirect, on businesses and commerce, as worker shortages have occurred; supply chains have been disrupted; facilities and production were suspended; and demand for certain goods and services, such as medical services and supplies, spiked, while demand for other goods and services, such as travel, has fallen.

We continue to work closely with our clinical sites to monitor the potential impact of the evolving COVID-19 pandemic and the spread of its variants. We remain committed to our clinical programs and development plans. To-date, we have not experienced any significant delays in any of our ongoing or planned clinical trials. However, this could rapidly change.

Note 2. Basis of Presentation

The accompanying unaudited financial statements do not include all of the information and notes required by Generally Accepted Accounting Principles in the U.S. (“GAAP”). The accompanying year-end balance sheet was derived from audited financial statements but does not include all disclosures required by GAAP. The unaudited interim financial statements have been prepared on the same basis as the audited annual financial statements and, in the opinion of management, reflect all adjustments, which include only normal recurring adjustments, necessary for the fair statement of the Company’s financial position as of March 31, 2022, the results of its operations for the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2021 and its cash flows for the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively. The results for the three months ended March 31, 2022 are not necessarily indicative of results to be expected for the year ending December 31, 2022, any other interim periods or any future year or period. The accompanying unaudited financial statements of the Company should be read in conjunction with the audited financial statements and notes thereto included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2021 filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on March 10, 2022.

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As of March 31, 2022, the Company had cash and cash equivalents of $200,435 and an accumulated deficit of $277,260. BTI has incurred substantial net losses and negative cash flows from operating activities in nearly every fiscal period since inception and expects this trend to continue for the foreseeable future. The Company recognized net losses of $31,472 and $26,376 for the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively, and had net cash used in operating activities of $32,413 and $19,640 for the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively. The Company believes that its existing cash and cash equivalents will be sufficient to cover its cash flow requirements for at least the next twelve months from the issuance date of these financial statements. However, the Company’s future requirements may change and will depend on numerous factors.

Note 3. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Use of Estimates

The preparation of financial statements in accordance with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect amounts reported in the financial statements and notes thereto. Although these estimates are based on the Company’s knowledge of current events and actions it may undertake in the future, actual results may ultimately materially differ from these estimates.

Cash and Cash Equivalents

The Company considers all highly liquid investments with an original maturity of three months or less at the date of purchase to be cash equivalents. As of March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021, cash equivalents were comprised primarily of money market funds. Cash and cash equivalents held at financial institutions may at times exceed federally insured amounts. We believe we mitigate such risk by investing in or through major financial institutions.

Inventory

Inventories are stated at the lower of cost or net realizable value.

BTI capitalizes inventory costs associated with the Company’s products prior to regulatory approval, when, based on management’s judgment, future commercialization is considered probable and the future economic benefit is expected to be realized; otherwise, such costs are expensed.

As of March 31, 2022, inventory balances include inventory costs prior to regulatory approval of BXCL501. Inventory consists of raw materials.

The Company periodically analyzes its inventory levels to identify inventory that may expire prior to expected sale or has a cost basis in excess of its estimated realizable value and writes down such inventories as appropriate.

Property and Equipment

Property and equipment are recorded at cost and depreciated and amortized over the shorter of their remaining lease term or their estimated useful life on a straight-line basis as follows:

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Expenditures for maintenance and repairs which do not improve or extend the useful lives of the respective assets are expensed as incurred. When assets are sold or retired, the related cost and accumulated depreciation are removed from their respective accounts and any resulting gain or loss is included within general and administrative expenses in the statements of operations.

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The Company follows the guidance provided by the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) Topic 360-10, Property, Plant, and Equipment-Overall. Long-lived assets are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. Recoverability of assets to be held and used is measured by a comparison of the carrying amount of an asset to undiscounted future net cash flows expected to be generated. Impairment charges are recognized at the amount by which the carrying amount of an asset exceeds the fair value of the asset. Assets to be disposed of are reported at the lower of the carrying amount or the fair value less costs to sell.

Leases

We determine if an arrangement is a lease at inception. Operating leases are included in operating lease right-of-use (“ROU”) assets, other current liabilities, and the long-term portion of operating lease liabilities in our balance sheet.

ROU assets represent our right to use an underlying asset for the lease term and lease liabilities represent our obligation to make lease payments arising from the lease. Operating lease ROU assets and liabilities are recognized at commencement date based on the present value of lease payments over the lease term. As our leases do not provide an implicit rate, we used an incremental borrowing rate based on the information available at commencement date in determining the present value of lease payments. We use the implicit rate when readily determinable. The operating lease ROU asset also includes any prepaid lease payments made and excludes lease incentives. Our leases may include options to extend or terminate the lease; such options are included in determining the lease term when it is reasonably certain that we will exercise that option. Renewal options were not included in our calculation of the related asset and liability since it is not reasonably certain we will exercise the relevant option. Lease expense for lease payments is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term.

Stock-Based Compensation

The Company accounts for stock-based compensation in accordance with ASC 718, Compensation-Stock Compensation, which requires the measurement and recognition of compensation expense based on estimated fair value for all share-based awards made to employees and directors, including stock options and restricted stock units (“RSUs”). The Company’s 2017 Equity Incentive Plan (the “2017 Plan”) became effective in August 2017. The Company’s 2020 Incentive Award Plan (the “2020 Plan”) became effective in May 2020. Following the effective date of the 2020 Plan, the Company ceased granting awards under the 2017 Plan, however the terms and conditions of the 2017 Plan continue to govern any outstanding awards granted thereunder.

The Company’s stock-based awards are valued at fair value on the date of grant and that fair value is recognized over the requisite service period using the accelerated attribution method. The estimated fair value of stock-based awards was determined using the Black-Scholes pricing model on the date of grant. Prior to the Company’s initial public offering (“IPO”), significant judgment and estimates were used to estimate the fair value of these awards. Stock awards granted by the Company subsequent to the IPO are valued using market prices at the date of grant.

The Black-Scholes pricing model is affected by the Company’s stock price as well as assumptions regarding a number of subjective variables including, but not limited to, the strike price of the instrument, the Company’s current stock price, the risk-free rate, the expected stock price volatility over the term of the awards, and actual and projected employee stock option exercise behaviors. The value of the awards are recognized as an expense in the statement of operations over the requisite service period using the accelerated attribution method. The Company has elected to account for forfeitures as they occur, by reversing compensation cost when the award is forfeited.

Research and Development Costs

Research and development expenses include wages, benefits, facilities, supplies, external services, clinical study, manufacturing costs and other expenses that are directly related to the Company’s research and development activities. At the end of the reporting period, the Company compares payments made to third-party service providers to the estimated progress toward completion of the research or development objectives. Depending on the timing of payments to the service providers and the progress that the Company estimates has been made for the program as a result of the

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level of service provided, the Company may record net prepaid or accrued expense relating to these costs. Such estimates are subject to change as additional information becomes available. The Company expenses research and development costs as incurred.

Expenses Accrued Under Contractual Arrangements

As part of the process of preparing our financial statements, we are required to estimate our accrued expenses. This process involves reviewing open contracts and purchase orders, communicating with our applicable personnel to identify services that have been performed on our behalf and estimating the level of service performed and the associated cost incurred for the service when we have not yet been invoiced or otherwise notified of actual cost. The majority of our service providers invoice us monthly in arrears for services performed. We make estimates of our accrued expenses as of each balance sheet date in our financial statements based on facts and circumstances known to us at that time. We periodically confirm the accuracy of our estimates with the service providers and make adjustments if necessary.

We base our expenses related to clinical trials on our estimates of the services received and efforts expended pursuant to contracts with multiple research institutions and contract research organizations (“CROs”) that conduct and manage clinical trials on our behalf. The financial terms of these agreements are subject to negotiation, vary from contract to contract and may result in uneven payment flows. Payments under some of these contracts depend on factors such as the successful enrollment of patients and the completion of clinical trial milestones. In accruing expenses, we estimate the time period over which services will be performed and the level of effort to be expended in each period, which is based on an established protocol specific to each clinical trial. If the actual timing of the performance of services or the level of effort varies from our estimate, we adjust the accrual accordingly. Although we do not expect our estimates to be materially different from amounts actually incurred, our understanding of the status and timing of services performed relative to the actual status and timing of services performed may vary and may result in us reporting amounts that are too high or too low in any particular period.

Patent Costs

Costs related to filing and pursuing patent applications are recorded as general and administrative expense and expensed as incurred since recoverability of such expenditures is uncertain.

Fair Value of Financial Instruments

The Company applies the provisions of ASC 820, Fair Value Measurement, for financial assets and liabilities measured on a recurring basis which requires disclosure that establishes a framework for measuring fair value. ASC 820 defines fair value as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. ASC 820 establishes a fair value hierarchy that distinguishes between (1) market participant assumptions developed based on market data obtained from independent sources, or observable inputs, and (2) an entity’s own assumptions about market participant assumptions developed based on the best information available in the circumstances, or unobservable inputs. The fair value hierarchy consists of three broad levels, which gives the highest priority to unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities (Level 1) and the lowest priority to unobservable inputs (Level 3). ASC 820 requires that fair value measurements be classified and disclosed in one of three categories:

Level 1: Quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets that are accessible at the measurement date for assets or liabilities. The fair value hierarchy gives the highest priority to Level 1 inputs.

Level 2: Directly or indirectly observable inputs as of the reporting date through correlation with market data, including quoted prices for similar assets and liabilities in active markets and quoted prices in markets that are not active. Level 2 also includes assets and liabilities that are valued using models or other pricing methodologies that do not require significant judgment since the input assumptions used in the models, such as interest rates and volatility factors, are corroborated by readily observable data from actively quoted markets for substantially the full term of the financial instrument.

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Level 3: Unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activity and reflect the use of significant management judgment. These values are generally determined using pricing models for which the assumptions utilize management’s estimates of market participant assumptions.

In determining fair value, the Company utilizes valuation techniques that maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs to the extent possible, as well as considering counterparty credit risk in its assessment of fair value.

The carrying amounts of cash and accounts payable approximate fair value due to the short-term nature of these instruments.

As of March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021, the Company had $200,435 and $232,968, respectively, primarily in U.S. government money market accounts (included in cash and cash equivalents) which was valued based on Level 1 inputs. There were no transfers between levels within the hierarchy during the three months ended March 31, 2022 and the year ended December 31, 2021.

Earnings (Loss) Per Share

Basic earnings (loss) per share (“EPS”) is calculated in accordance with ASC 260, Earnings Per Share, by dividing net income or loss attributable to common stockholders by the weighted average number of shares of common stock that were outstanding. Diluted EPS is calculated by adjusting the weighted average number of shares of common stock that were outstanding for the dilutive effect of common stock equivalents. In periods in which a net loss is recorded, no effect is given to potentially dilutive securities, since the effect would be antidilutive. Securities that could potentially dilute basic EPS in the future were not included in the computation of diluted EPS because to do so would have been antidilutive. 

Segment Information

The Company operates in a single segment. Operating segments are identified as components of an enterprise about which separate discrete financial information is available for evaluation by the chief operating decision maker in making decisions regarding resource allocation and assessing performance. To date, our chief operating decision maker has made such decisions and assessed performance at the Company level as one segment.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

Recently adopted accounting pronouncements

In December 2019, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) No. 2019-12, Income Taxes (Topic 740): Simplifying the Accounting for Income Taxes (“ASU No. 2019-12”), which amends the existing guidance relating to the accounting for income taxes. ASU No. 2019-12 is intended to simplify the accounting for income taxes by removing certain exceptions to the general principles of accounting for income taxes and to improve the consistent application of GAAP for other areas of accounting for income taxes by clarifying and amending existing guidance. ASU No. 2019-12 was effective for interim and annual periods beginning after December 15, 2020. The Company adopted ASU No. 2019-12 effective January 1, 2021. The adoption of ASU No. 2019-12 did not have a material impact on the Company’s financial statements.

Accounting Pronouncements effective in future periods

In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-13, Financial Instruments-Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments, and subsequent amendments to the initial guidance (collectively, “Topic 326”). Topic 326 requires measurement and recognition of expected credit losses for financial assets held. Topic 326 was to be effective for reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2019, with early adoption permitted. In November 2019, the FASB issued ASU No. 2019-10, Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (Topic 326), Derivatives and Hedging (Topic 815), and Leases (Topic 842) - Effective Dates, which deferred the effective dates of Topic 326 for

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the Company, until fiscal year 2023. The Company does not expect that the adoption of Topic 326 will have a material impact on its financial statements.

Note 4. Financing Activities

In June 2021, the Company sold, in a registered offering, 3,155 shares of its common stock at a public offering price of $31.70 per share. The Company received proceeds of $96,937, net of issuance costs of $3,076.

In May 2021, the Company entered into an Open Market Sale Agreement (the “Sale Agreement”) with Jefferies LLC (“Jeffries”) pursuant to which the Company could offer and sell shares of its common stock, having an aggregate offering price of up to $100,000, from time to time, through an “at the market offering” program under which Jefferies will act as sale agent. The Company sold 124 shares under the Sale Agreement in June 2021. As of December 31, 2021, the Company received proceeds of $4,056, net of issuance costs of $500.

Note 5. Transactions with BioXcel LLC

The Company entered into a Separation and Shared Services Agreement with BioXcel LLC that took effect on June 30, 2017, as amended and restated, (the “Services Agreement”), pursuant to which services provided by BioXcel LLC, through its subsidiaries in India and the U.S., will continue indefinitely, as agreed upon by the parties. These services are primarily for drug discovery, chemical, manufacturing and controls (“CMC”) and administrative support.

Service charges recorded under the Services Agreement for the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2021 were comprised as follows:

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As of March 31, 2022, $56 related to these service charges is included in due to related parties in the Company’s balance sheet.

Under a Second Amended and Restated Shared Services Agreement signed in April 2022, the Company has an option, exercisable until December 31, 2024, to enter into a collaborative services agreement with BioXcel LLC pursuant to which BioXcel LLC shall perform product identification and related services for us utilizing EvolverAI. The parties are obligated to negotiate the collaborative services agreement in good faith and to incorporate reasonable market-based terms, including consideration for BioXcel LLC reflecting a low, single-digit royalty on net sales and reasonable development and commercialization milestone payments, provided that (i) development milestone payments shall not exceed $10,000 in the aggregate and not be payable prior to proof of concept in humans and (ii) commercialization milestone payments shall be based on reaching annual net sales levels, be limited to 3% of the applicable net sales level, and not exceed $30,000 in the aggregate. In conjunction with the Second Amended and Restated Shared Services Agreement, the Company agreed to pay BioXcel LLC $18 per month to extend the option to December 31, 2024 from its current expiration of March 13, 2023.

Note 6. Earnings (Loss) Per Share

Basic EPS is calculated in accordance with ASC 260, Earnings Per Share, by dividing net income or loss attributable to common stockholders by the weighted average number of shares of common stock that were outstanding. Diluted EPS is calculated by adjusting the weighted average number of shares of common stock that were outstanding for the dilutive effect of common stock equivalents. In periods in which a net loss is recorded, no effect is given to

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potentially dilutive securities, since the effect would be antidilutive. The calculations of basic and diluted net loss per share are as follows:

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Potentially dilutive securities outstanding consists of stock options and RSUs. The Company had common stock equivalents outstanding at March 31, 2022 and 2021 of 4,782 and 4,072 shares, respectively.

Note 7. Property and Equipment, net

A summary of net property and equipment is as follows:

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Depreciation expense was $77 and $65 for the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively.

Note 8. Accrued Expenses

Accrued expenses consist of the following:

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Note 9. Stock-Based Compensation

2017 Equity Incentive Plan

The Company’s 2017 Plan became effective in August 2017. Following the effective date of the Company's 2020 Plan (as defined below), the Company ceased granting awards under the 2017 Plan, however, the terms and conditions of the 2017 Plan continue to govern any outstanding awards granted thereunder.

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2020 Incentive Award Plan

The Company’s 2020 Plan was approved and became effective at the Company’s 2020 annual meeting of stockholders on May 20, 2020, and unless earlier terminated by the Board of Directors, will remain in effect until March 26, 2030. The 2020 Plan originally authorized for issuance the sum of (i) 911 shares of the Company’s common stock authorized for issuance and (ii) 233 shares of the Company’s common stock, which represents the number of shares that remained available for issuance under the 2017 Plan immediately prior to the approval of the 2020 Plan by the Company’s stockholders. Any shares of common stock which, immediately prior to the approval of the 2020 Plan by the Company’s stockholders, were subject to awards granted under the 2017 Plan that are forfeited or lapse unexercised and are not issued under the 2017 Plan will increase the number of shares of common stock available for grant under the 2020 Plan. In addition, the number of shares available for issuance under the 2020 Plan will increase on the first day of each calendar year, beginning January 1, 2021 and ending on and including January 1, 2030, by a number of shares equal to the lesser of (A) 4% of the aggregate number of shares of the Company’s common stock outstanding on the final day of the immediately preceding calendar year and (B) such smaller number of shares of common stock as determined by the Board of Directors. The shares available for issuance under the 2020 Plan increased by 1,119 shares and 977 shares on January 1, 2022 and 2021, respectively.

Stock-based awards granted under the 2020 Plan have a term of ten years with the vesting schedule determined by the Board of Directors, which is generally four years.

As of March 31, 2022, there were 986 shares available to be granted under the 2020 Plan.

Restricted stock units

During the three months ended March 31, 2022, the Company granted 97 time-based RSUs to certain employees and consultants. These RSUs generally vest over four years, with 25% vesting at the one-year anniversary of the grant date and the balance vesting ratably over the remaining three years of the vesting period. None of the time-based RSUs had vested as of March 31, 2022. Unrecognized stock-based compensation expense related to these awards was $1,494 at March 31, 2022. No RSUs were issued and outstanding as of March 31, 2021.

Stock options

A summary of the status of the Company’s stock option activity for the three months ended March 31, 2022 is presented below.

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As of March 31, 2022, the intrinsic value of options outstanding was $46,681. The intrinsic value for stock options is calculated based on the difference between the exercise prices of the underlying awards and the quoted stock price of the Company’s common stock as of the reporting date.

No stock options were exercised for the three months ended March 31, 2022. The total intrinsic value of stock options exercised for the three months ended March 31, 2021 was $10,232. The total intrinsic value of stock options exercisable for the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2021 was $41,577 and $88,450, respectively.

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The weighted average grant date fair value of options granted during the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2021 was $12.38 and $33.24, respectively.

The weighted average grant date fair value of options vested at March 31, 2022 was $7.96.

The weighted average remaining contractual life is 6.2 years for options exercisable as of March 31, 2022. The weighted average remaining contractual life is 7.4 years for options outstanding.

Stock-Based Compensation

The fair value of options granted during the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2021 was estimated using the Black-Scholes pricing model with the following assumptions:

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In 2021, the Company began using a combination of the historical volatility of publicly traded peer companies and the limited historical information related to the Company’s common stock to estimate volatility. The expected term of the employee awards is estimated based on the simplified method, which calculates the expected term based upon the midpoint of the term of the award and the vesting period. The Company uses the simplified method because it does not have sufficient option exercise data to provide a reasonable basis upon which to estimate the expected term. The expected dividend yield is 0% as the Company has no history of paying dividends nor does management expect to pay dividends over the contractual terms of these options. The risk-free interest rates are determined by reference to the U.S. Treasury yield curve in effect at the time of grant, with maturities approximating the expected term of the stock options. The fair value of the underlying common stock is generally determined as the closing price of the Company’s common stock on the Nasdaq Capital Market on the grant date, with consideration of whether there is material nonpublic information that could impact that estimated fair value when it is released.

The Company recognized stock-based compensation expense related to stock options issued under the 2017 Plan and the 2020 Plan of $3,825 and $5,565 for the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively, which were comprised as follows:

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Unrecognized compensation expense related to unvested stock option awards as of March 31, 2022 was $22,835 and will be recognized over the remaining vesting periods of the underlying awards. The weighted-average period over which such compensation is expected to be recognized is 1.8 years.

2020 Employee Stock Purchase Plan

The Company’s 2020 Employee Stock Purchase Plan (the “ESPP”) was also approved and became effective at the Company’s 2020 annual meeting of stockholders on May 20, 2020. The ESPP is designed to assist eligible employees of the Company with the opportunity to purchase the Company’s common stock at a discount through accumulated

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payroll deductions during successive offering periods. The aggregate number of shares that may be issued pursuant to rights granted under the ESPP is 100 shares of common stock. In addition, the number of shares available for issuance under the ESPP will increase on the first day of each calendar year, beginning on January 1, 2021 and ending on and including January 1, 2030, by a number of shares of common stock equal to the lesser of (a) 1% of the shares outstanding on the final day of the immediately preceding calendar year and (b) such smaller number of shares as determined by the Board of Directors. The number of shares that may be issued or transferred pursuant to rights granted under the component of the ESPP that is intended to qualify for favorable U.S. federal tax treatment under Section 423 of the Internal Revenue Code (the “Section 423 Component”) shall not exceed 500 shares. The purchase price will be determined by the administrator of the ESPP and, for purposes of the Section 423 Component, shall not be less than 85% of the fair value of a share on the first trading day or on the last trading day of the applicable offering period, whichever is lower. The shares available for issuance under the 2020 ESPP increased by 156 shares and 244 shares on January 1, 2022 and 2021, respectively. To date, no shares have been sold under the ESPP.

Note 10. Leases

BTI leases office space for its corporate headquarters at 555 Long Wharf Drive, New Haven, Connecticut (the “HQ Lease”) under an operating lease. The HQ Lease was effective in February 2019, was subject to an amendment for additional office space in August 2020 and expires in February 2026. The Company has an option to renew the HQ Lease for one additional five-year term at 95% of the then-prevailing market rates but not less than the rental rate at the end of the initial lease term. Payments under the HQ Lease are fixed.

The Company also leases equipment such as copiers and information technology equipment.

The future minimum annual lease payments under operating leases, as of March 31, 2022, are as follows:

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The current portion of the Company’s operating lease liability of $299, as of March 31, 2022, is included in other current liabilities on the balance sheet.

The Company recorded lease expense of $98 and $109 related to its operating lease ROU asset for the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively.

Lease renewal options are not included in the ROU asset.

Note 11. Commitments and Contingencies

From time to time, in the ordinary course of business, the Company may be subject to litigation and regulatory examinations as well as information gathering requests, inquiries and/or investigations. The Company is not currently subject to any matters where it believes there is a reasonable possibility that a material loss may be incurred. As of March 31, 2022, there were no matters which would have a material impact on the Company’s financial results.

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In February 2022, the Company executed a statement of work (the “February 2022 SOW”) with Innovative Clinical Research, Inc. (“ICR”) under a Master Clinical Trial Agreement that BTI has with ICR. As part of the February 2022 SOW, the Company will pay ICR a minimum of $8,250 to conduct a study in support of the potential use of BXCL501 to treat agitation in patients with Alzheimer’s disease.

BTI signed a distribution agreement (the “Distribution Agreement”) with an affiliate of Cardinal Health, Inc. (“Cardinal”) in February 2022, whereby Cardinal agreed to distribute product related to IGALMI^TM in the U.S. The Distribution Agreement has an initial term of three years and automatically renews for successive one-year periods, unless terminated by either party with at least 90-day notice. Cardinal will be paid defined fees for its services under the Distribution Agreement, which can be terminated by either party for cause. The Distribution Agreement can also be terminated by BTI without cause, subject to payment of agreed termination fees.

Note 12. Subsequent Events

FDA approval of BXCL501

On April 5, 2022, the FDA approved IGALMI^TM (Dex) sublingual film for the acute treatment of agitation associated with schizophrenia or bipolar I or II disorder in adults (previously referred to herein as “BXCL501”). IGALMI^TM can be self-administrated by patients under the supervision of a healthcare provider. The Company is preparing to load product into U.S. distribution channels in the third quarter of 2022.

Oaktree financing facilities

On April 19, 2022 (the “Effective Date”), the Company entered into two strategic financing agreements; a Credit Agreement and Guaranty (the “Credit Agreement”) with Oaktree Fund Administration, LLC (“Oaktree”) as administrative agent, and the lenders party thereto (the “ Lenders”), and a Revenue Interest Financing Agreement (the “RIFA” and together with the Credit Agreement, the “Credit Facilities”) with Oaktree as administrative agent, and the purchasers party thereto (the “ Purchasers”). Under the Credit Facilities, the Lenders and the Purchasers will provide up to $260,000 in gross funding to support the Company’s commercial activities of IGALMI^TM sublingual film. In addition, the Credit Facilities are intended to support the expansion of clinical development efforts of BXCL501, which includes a pivotal Phase 3 program for the acute treatment of agitation in patients with Alzheimer’s disease, and for the Company’s additional neuroscience and immuno‐oncology clinical programs.

A high-level summary of the Credit Facilities is provided below.

The Company’s obligations under the Credit Agreement are guaranteed by BTI’s existing and subsequently acquired or organized subsidiaries, subject to certain exceptions. The Credit Agreement contains customary representations and warranties and customary affirmative and negative covenants. The Company must also comply with certain financial covenants. Furthermore, the Credit Agreement contains events of default that are

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customary for financings of this type. In certain circumstances, events of default are subject to customary cure periods.

Under the terms of the RIFA, the Purchasers will receive tiered revenue interest payments on U.S. net sales of IGALMI^TM and any other future BXCL501 products equal to a royalty ranging from 0.375% to 7.750% of net sales of IGALMI^TM and any other future BXCL501 products in the U.S., subject to a hard cap equal to 1.75x of the total amount funded. In addition, if the conditions to the second tranche of the financing provided under the RIFA have been met, once payments equal to the hard cap have been received by the Purchasers, the Company will be required to make revenue interest payments equal to a flat 0.375% royalty on U.S. net sales of IGALMI^TM and any other future BXCL501 products through, and including March 31, 2036. The Company is also required to make certain additional payments to the Purchasers from time to time to ensure that the aggregate amount of payments received by the Purchasers under the RIFA is at least equal to certain agreed upon minimum levels as of certain specified dates, subject to terms and conditions set forth in the RIFA.

BTI has the right, but not the obligation, to buy out the Purchasers’ interests in the revenue interest payments at an agreed upon repurchase price.

The Company’s obligations under the RIFA are secured by a perfected security interest in (i) accounts receivable arising from net sales of BXCL501 in the U.S. and one or more segregated bank accounts maintained for the purpose of receiving payments in respect of such accounts receivable, (ii) intellectual property that is claiming or covering BXCL501 itself or any method of using, making or manufacturing BXCL501 and (iii) regulatory approvals, clinical data, and all other assets that underlie BXCL501.

The RIFA contains customary representations and warranties and certain restrictions on the Company’s ability to incur indebtedness and grant liens on intellectual property related to BXCL501. In addition, the RIFA provides that if certain events occur, including certain bankruptcy events, failure to make payments, a change of control, an out-license or sale of all of the rights in and to BXCL501 in the U.S., in each case except a permitted licensing transaction (as defined in the RIFA) and, subject to applicable cure periods, material breach of the covenants in the RIFA, Oaktree, at the direction of the Purchasers, may require the Company to repurchase the Purchasers’ interests in the revenue interest payments at an agreed upon repurchase price.

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Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

You should read the following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations together with our financial statements and related notes appearing elsewhere in this report and the audited financial statements and related notes contained in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2021. In addition to historical information, this discussion and analysis contains forward-looking statements that involve risks, uncertainties and assumptions. Our actual results may differ materially from those discussed below, and those discussed in the section titled “Risk Factors” included elsewhere in this report. All dollar amounts in the below Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations are presented in U.S. dollars, and all dollar amounts are presented in thousands, unless otherwise noted or the context otherwise provides. All share amounts are also presented in thousands.

Overview

We are a biopharmaceutical company utilizing artificial intelligence (“AI”) approaches to develop transformative medicines in neuroscience and immuno-oncology. We are focused on utilizing cutting-edge technology and innovative research to develop high-value therapeutics aimed at transforming patients’ lives. We employ a unique AI platform in an effort to reduce therapeutic development costs and potentially accelerate timelines while aiming to increase the possibility of success. Our approach leverages existing approved drugs and/or clinically evaluated product candidates together with big data and proprietary machine learning algorithms to identify new therapeutic indices. We believe that this differentiated approach has the potential to reduce the expense and time associated with drug development in diseases with substantial unmet medical needs.

Our most advanced clinical development program is BXCL501, an investigational proprietary, orally dissolving, thin film formulation of dexmedetomidine (“Dex”) for the treatment of agitation associated with psychiatric and neurological disorders.

On April 6, 2022 we announced that the United States of America (“U.S.”) Food and Drug Administration (“FDA”) had approved IGALMI^TM (Dex sublingual film) for the acute treatment of agitation associated with schizophrenia or bipolar I or II disorder in adults. IGALMI^TM is approved to be self-administrated by patients under the supervision of a healthcare provider. The Company is preparing to load product into U.S. distribution channels in the third quarter of 2022.

We continue to conduct clinical trials evaluating BXCL501 for the treatment of agitation in Alzheimer’s disease patients, and for adjunctive treatment of patients with Major Depressive Disorder (“MDD”), as well as in the community for agitation associated with bipolar disorders and schizophrenia.

Our advanced oncology asset, BXCL701, is an investigational orally administered systemic innate immune activator for the treatment of a rare form of prostate cancer and advanced solid tumors that are refractory or treatment naïve to checkpoint inhibitors.

The novel coronavirus disease (“COVID-19”) pandemic and government measures taken in response have significantly impacted, both directly and indirectly, businesses and commerce, as worker shortages have occurred; supply chains have been disrupted; facilities and production have been suspended; and demand for certain goods and services, such as medical services and supplies, has spiked, while demand for other goods and services, such as travel, has fallen.

Since the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, we have taken steps in line with guidance from the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the State of Connecticut to protect the health and safety of our employees and community. We have instituted a return-to-the-office policy and continue to evaluate that policy.

We also continue to work closely with our clinical sites to monitor the potential impact of the evolving COVID-19 pandemic and the spread of its variants. To-date, we have not experienced any significant delays in any of our ongoing or planned clinical trials. However, this could rapidly change.

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Commercial and Launch Readiness

We have been actively preparing for the commercial launch of IGALMI^TM for several quarters. We identified 1,700 hospital targets and 59 Integrated Delivery Networks (“IDNs”) that represent 75% of the institutional opportunity of our target market. The sales management team has been in place since the fourth quarter of 2021 and the initial field Institutional Specialists have already joined the Company. The tenure of this team averages over 21 years of industry experience (14 in the hospital setting), eight product launches and over six years’ experience in Central Nervous System disorders. Training will commence in the second quarter of 2022, with field launch also beginning later in the quarter.

The Market Access team is onboard and we anticipate training will also commence in the second quarter of 2022. The team will focus on contracting with the major Group Purchasing Organizations and the highest potential prescribing IDNs immediately post-training. This process typically takes six to nine months from the announcement of the Wholesale Average Cost price, therefore the Company anticipates securing contracts beginning in the second half of 2022. This process will work in parallel with field force efforts to coordinate the Pharmacy and Therapeutics committee meetings to secure formulary access at the individual hospital level.

IGALMI’s^TM Wholesale Acquisition Cost will be $105 per film across dosage strengths. The 120-microgram and 180-microgram doses of IGALMI^TM will be packaged into heat-sealed foil pouches of 10 and 30-count films per carton.

We have completed the production of IGALMI’s^TM sales materials and narrative to be deployed by our field teams. This brand story has encouraged us to accelerate our build out of other avenues of communication, such as peer-influence speaker programs and focused advertising opportunities. As our field teams begin to create demand, we anticipate that these marketing efforts will drive uptake.

The Company’s Medical Science Liaison and Medical Managed Care team continue to actively engage with healthcare professionals, patient support organizations, and payors to provide key insights to support our commercial strategy as well as to fully understand the needs of relevant patients, professions, and institutions. The Medical Affairs organization is also actively working on training of our commercial and sales personnel in preparation for IGALMI’s^TM launch. In addition, our Medical Information structure and processes were finalized, and the Company’s call center is fully operational.

The Company signed a distribution agreement (the “Distribution Agreement”) with an affiliate of Cardinal Health, Inc. (“Cardinal”) in February 2022, whereby Cardinal agreed to distribute product related to BXCL501 in the U.S., which distribution right was contingent on FDA approval of BXCL501 in the U.S. The Distribution Agreement has an initial term of three years and automatically renews for successive one-year periods, unless terminated by either party with at least 90-day notice. Cardinal will be paid defined fees for its services under the Distribution Agreement, which can be terminated by either party for cause. The Distribution Agreement can also be terminated by BTI without cause, subject to payment of agreed termination fees.

On April 1, 2022, the Company signed a commercial supply agreement with ARx, LLC (“ARx”), whereby ARx agreed to manufacture, and supply Dex product related to IGALMI^TM and BXCL501. The contract has an initial term of 10 years and can be extended for successive one-year periods, subject to BXCL501 still being marketed or sold. The commercial supply agreement can be canceled upon mutual agreement, for cause or upon certain conditions being met, including BXCL501 no longer being marketed or sold by or on behalf of BTI.

As disclosed further under “Liquidity and Capital Resources” below, on April 19, 2022 (the “Effective Date”), we entered into two strategic financing agreements; a Credit Agreement and Guaranty (the “Credit Agreement”) with Oaktree Fund Administration, LLC (“Oaktree”) as administrative agent, and the lenders party thereto (the “ Lenders”), and a Revenue Interest Financing Agreement (the “RIFA” and together with the Credit Agreement, the “Credit Facilities”) with Oaktree as administrative agent, and the purchasers party thereto (the “ Purchasers”). Under the Credit Facilities, the Lenders and the Purchasers will provide up to $260,000 in gross funding to support the Company’s commercial activities of IGALMI^TM sublingual film. In addition, the Credit Facilities are intended to support the expansion of clinical development efforts of BXCL501, which includes a pivotal Phase 3 program for the acute

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treatment of agitation in patients with Alzheimer’s disease, and for the Company’s additional neuroscience and immuno‐oncology clinical programs.

Our Clinical Programs

The following is a summary of the status of our clinical development programs as of the date of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q:

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BXCL501 Neuroscience Program

In indications other than approved by the FDA as IGALMI^TM, BXCL501 remains an investigational, proprietary, orally dissolving, thin film formulation of Dex, a selective alpha-2a receptor agonist, targeting symptoms from stress-related behaviors such as agitation. BXCL501 is our most advanced neuroscience clinical program, developed or being developed for the acute treatment of agitation related to schizophrenia, bipolar disorders, Alzheimer’s disease, and as an adjunctive treatment for MDD in conjunction with the use of Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (“SSRI”) or Serotonin Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitors alone (“SNRI”).

As a selective adrenergic agent with a sublingual or buccal route of administration, BXCL501 is designed to be easily administered and has shown a rapid onset of action in multiple clinical trials, including clinical trials studying patients with schizophrenia, bipolar disorders, Alzheimer’s disease. We believe results from these studies suggest that BXCL501 has the potential to generate a calming effect without producing excessive sedation. We also believe BXCL501 is highly differentiated from antipsychotics, which often produce unwanted side effects such as excessive sedation or extra pyramidal motor effects, currently used as a standard of care to treat agitation. Managing patient agitation in neuropsychiatric and neurodegenerative disorders represents a significant challenge for physicians and caregivers. We believe BXCL501 has the potential to address these challenges while providing an efficient treatment regimen for patients.

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BXCL501 Clinical Trials

Tranquility Program

The Tranquility 1 study of agitation in dementia (BXCL501-103) concluded with a total of four sites enrolling 46 subjects in Part B testing the 40 microgram (“mcg”) dose versus placebo. Topline data were reviewed with respect to efficacy, safety and tolerability. The purpose of enrolling this additional cohort was to gather additional evidence supporting dose selection and statistical powering of multiple-site Phase 3 pivotal trials. All patients were able to take the film themselves and properly place it. There were no serious adverse events related to the drug, and no falls, loss of consciousness or syncopal events reported. The single discontinuation from the trial, for a patient hospitalized with sepsis, was unrelated to treatment. There were no local tolerability issues. The adverse events (“AEs”) observed for 40 mcg were consistent with those previously observed for 30 mcg, 60 mcg and placebo doses. As expected, the incidence of individual and categorical AEs for the 40 mcg dose were lower than the 60 mcg group, and similar to the 30 mcg dose group.

Efficacy was measured by the change from pre-dose baseline Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale Excitatory Component (“PEC”) total score at two hours, the same primary endpoint utilized in prior pivotal trials of BXCL501. The 40 mcg dose showed statistically significant reductions in PEC total score at two hours (p<0.001) and demonstrated statistically significant separation from placebo as early as one hour. The magnitude of change in PEC total score was greater for the 40 mcg dose than that of 30 mcg and somewhat less than the 60 mcg dose in previous cohorts. Overall, we believe the 40 mcg data support continued evaluation of both 40 and 60 mcg doses.

We believe that, taken as a whole, these data support the initiation of pivotal trials evaluating patients with acute agitation associated with possible Alzheimer’s dementia.

On December 15, 2021, after our initial Breakthrough Therapy designation meetings with FDA, we announced the initiation of our program to evaluate BXCL501 for the treatment of acute agitation associated with dementia in Alzheimer’s patients. Patient enrollment is currently underway. The program’s two studies, TRANQUILITY II and TRANQUILITY III, are designed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of BXCL501 in adults 65 years and older across the range of illness including mild, moderate and severe illness in assisted living or residential facilities and nursing homes.

The clinical trial sites for this trial are now open and enrolling patients.

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Major Depressive Disorder (MDD)

We have recently expanded our development pipeline to evaluate BXCL501 as an adjunctive treatment for MDD. We expect that the initial clinical study in this program will be a double-blind, placebo-controlled, multiple ascending dose trial to evaluate the safety and tolerability of twice daily doses of BXCL501 in healthy volunteers. A Phase 2 proof of concept study is then planned to evaluate whether daily adjunctive use of BXCL501 provides a more rapid initial clinical antidepressant response than placebo when initiating SSRIs or SNRIs alone.

Pediatric Study

In June 2021, we initiated a global clinical trial designed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of BXCL501 in the acute treatment of agitation associated with pediatric schizophrenia and bipolar I or II disorder, in part to fulfill pediatric study requirements agreed to with the FDA in connection with IGALMI’s^TM approval. The trial protocol has been reviewed by the FDA, as well as by the European Medicines Agency (“EMA”) to fulfill potential commitments to study the effects of BXCL501 in patients ages 13-17 with schizophrenia and ages 10-17 with bipolar I or II disorder. The multisite double-blind placebo controlled parallel group trial will enroll patients with schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder, bipolar I and bipolar II disorder. Similar to our original trials in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder, (SERENITY I and II), the primary endpoint is the change from baseline PEC total score at two hours. The trial has been initiated in the U.S. and patients are currently enrolling in various sites. Clinical trial authorizations and ethics committee approvals have been obtained in Europe and we continue to work towards enrolling pediatric patients in Europe.

Additional Neuroscience Opportunities

Pipeline Opportunities for Franchise Expansion

In December 2020, the VA Connecticut Healthcare System and Yale University Medical School were awarded a grant by the U.S. Department of Defense’s Congressionally Directed Medical Research Programs to evaluate BXCL501 in patients with post-traumatic stress disorder who suffer from alcohol use disorder (“AUD”). The Company is providing BXCL501 for studies that will evaluate whether BXCL501 has the potential to treat AUD in this patient population.

BTI is currently conducting studies designed to develop algorithms for wearable technologies that are designed to detect the early signs of agitation. Feasibility studies demonstrated that patients were able to wear these devices and that these devices were able to transmit data to our service vendor. The goal of this program is to establish a predictive algorithm that would allow caregivers to treat patients before they become highly agitated.

Other Neuropsychiatric / Neurodegenerative Indications and Formulations

Given the differentiated design of BXCL501 and its selective mechanism of action, we believe BXCL501 has the potential for broad applicability across several indications where agitation is a symptom of a condition or underlying disease. As an example, one goal is to treat symptoms in patients suffering from major depressive episodes. Current drugs, like serotonin uptake inhibitors, are not effective in treating some of the symptoms of depression. We believe BXCL501 could potentially alleviate some of the unresolved symptoms that result in poor clinical outcomes for these patients.

We recently identified a second neuropsychiatric drug candidate, BXCL502, through our AI-based platform. We plan to evaluate BXCL502 initially as a monotherapy and possibly as a combination with BXCL501 for the chronic treatment of agitation in patients with dementia. The active pharmaceutical ingredient (“API”) underlying BXCL502 is designed to affect serotonergic signaling in the brain. Our preclinical data suggests BXCL502 has potential to treat stress-related neuropsychiatric symptoms in dementia. In previously published third-party clinical trial data, daily administration of the API of BXCL502 demonstrated improvement in behaviors using a well-established, clinically validated symptom scale. Formulation and clinical development planning are currently underway with BXCL502.

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Other Product Candidates

We are targeting neuropsychiatric disorders with high unmet medical needs. Our focus is on treating stress-related symptoms, such as agitation, that are responsible for higher levels of institutionalized care. We are also using machine learning to identify new approaches for rare neurological diseases.

We utilize proprietary algorithms to identify associated mechanisms with existing pharmacology to test whether these agents can improve the disease profile in the animal model either through disease modification or symptomatic manner. The agents identified must be those we believe can enter the clinic with the potential for an efficient development path.

OnkosXcel Therapeutics, Inc.

On April 19, 2022, we announced the formation of a wholly owned subsidiary, OnkosXcel Therapeutics, Inc. (“OnkosXcel”) to develop potentially transformative medicines in oncology. OnkosXcel is focused on the sustained expansion and optimization of our oncology franchise, while providing maximum strategic and financial flexibility. OnkosXcel plans to progress the development of BXCL701, an investigational orally administered innate immune activator designed to initiate inflammation in the tumor microenvironment.

BXCL701 Immuno-Oncology Program

BXCL701 is a potential first-in-class, oral, small-molecule immunomodulator designed to stimulate both the innate and acquired immune systems by inhibiting dipeptidyl peptidase (“DPP”) 8/9. DPP 8/9 behave as "checkpoints" of pyroptosis and inflammasome activation. We believe that BXCL701, if successfully developed and approved, may establish a differentiated immuno-oncology platform by modulating multiple steps in the cancer immunity cycle and, when combined with checkpoint inhibitors and/or immune activating agents, may be able to convert immuno-resistant (“cold”) tumors to immuno-sensitive (“hot”) tumors.

BXCL701 Clinical Trials

BXCL701 is currently being evaluated in two Phase 2 combination therapy clinical trials for the treatment of metastatic castration resistant prostate cancer (“mCRPC”) in patients with either adenocarcinoma or small cell neuroendocrine cancer (“SCNC”) type, and in patients with advanced solid cancers.

Small-cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (“SCNC” Orphan Segment of Prostate Cancer) and mCRPC

BXCL701 was previously studied in multiple clinical trials and demonstrated single agent anti-tumor activity in melanoma, an immune-sensitive tumor. Our Phase 2 efficacy portion of the Phase 1b/2 trial evaluating BXCL701 in combination with KEYTRUDA® (pembrolizumab, a Programmed Cell Death Protein 1 (“PD 1”) inhibitor) for SCNC continues. In addition to the efficacy cohort in SCNC patients, we are also pursuing a separate cohort for adenocarcinoma patients who have failed taxane-based chemotherapy and up to two lines of second-generation androgen pathway blockers. Topline results from the Phase 1b portion of this trial were presented at the American Society of Clinical Oncology Genitourinary Symposium in February 2021. Interim data from the Phase 2 portion of the study were also presented at the European Society for Medical Oncology conference in September 2021. We reported interim data from the Phase 2 portion of this trial for the SCNC cohort and final results for the adenocarcinoma cohort at the American Society of Clinical Oncology (“ASCO”) Genitourinary Cancers Symposium in February 2022.

BXCL701 is being evaluated in combination with KEYTRUDA® (pembrolizumab) in an ongoing Phase 2 trial in mCRPC patients with either adenocarcinoma or SCNC phenotype. The first adenocarcinoma patient was enrolled in the phase 2b randomized 60-patient expansion of the study.

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Basket Trial

BXCL701 is also being evaluated in an open-label Phase 2 basket trial led by MD Anderson. The investigator led study is designed to evaluate the response rate of orally administered BXCL701, combined with Pembrolizumab (KEYTRUDA®) in patients with advanced solid cancers. The study will evaluate patients who are naïve to checkpoint therapy and those who are refractory to checkpoint therapy in two separate cohorts. Interim data were presented at the June 2021 ASCO annual meeting. In the second half of 2022, we expect to present additional interim efficacy data from the trial.

Other Immuno-oncology Indications

In addition to mCRPC and checkpoint inhibitor-refractory tumors, we plan to leverage our existing preclinical and clinical data to identify other cancer types with high unmet medical need that we believe would benefit from BXCL701’s novel potential mechanism of action. We are prioritizing indications where the immunosuppressive microenvironment is driven by the potential molecular and cellular targets of BXCL701 and where the single agent activity of approved immune checkpoint inhibitors is limited.

We believe that BXCL701, if successfully developed and approved, may provide a platform for combination with immunotherapy modalities that go beyond the currently approved immune checkpoint agents that target the PD 1 / Programmed Cell Death Ligand 1 (“PD L1”) axis. Following our proof-of-concept trials, we plan to conduct clinical trials covering a broad range of additional combinations with other immunotherapy agents, including:

Other Immuno-Oncology Product Candidates

Our immuno-oncology program is based on utilizing a comprehensive map of all currently known relationships that link immuno-evasion and immuno-activation pathways and targets with thousands of pharmacological agents and tumor indications. This comprehensive map permits us to select a potential pipeline of candidates based on our ability to alter the tumor micro-environment and the potential to address relevant unmet medical needs for various tumor types.

Finally, we continually leverage the artificial intelligence platform to select and prioritize additional development opportunities to expand the current portfolio and broaden the addressable market for our lead programs through the identification of new indications. This includes exploring additional combination therapy approaches to expand BXCL701’s target indications beyond neuroendocrine prostate cancer and castration resistant prostate cancer.

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Intellectual Property

Our policy is to protect and enhance the proprietary technologies, inventions, and improvements that are commercially important to our business by filing patent applications in the U.S. and other jurisdictions related to our proprietary technology, inventions, improvements, and product candidates. We also rely on trademarks, trade secrets, and know-how relating to our proprietary technologies and product candidates, continuing innovation, and in-licensing technology and products. This reliance is expected to develop, maintain, and strengthen, our proprietary position for novel therapeutics and novel formulations of existing therapeutics across multiple therapeutic areas. We also plan to rely on data exclusivity, market exclusivity, and patent term extensions when available.

Patent Portfolio

As of April 26, 2022, our patent portfolio included five Patent Cooperation Treaty (“PCT”) applications, 18 U.S. utility applications, one issued U.S. utility patent, six U.S. provisional patent applications, 103 pending non-U.S. applications, 13 allowed or granted non-U.S. patents (including five in Japan), one design patent application, which is a U.S. design application, and 34 allowed or registered design patents (including two in Japan). U.S. Pat. No. 10,792,246, directed to our proprietary sublingual thin-film formulation of Dex, was issued on October 6, 2020 and has a term set to expire no earlier than 2039. U.S. Patent No. 10,792,246 is now listed in the FDA's Approved Drug Products with Therapeutic Equivalence Evaluations (the “Orange Book”). We have filed applications in the core patent family protecting BXCL501 in the U.S., Taiwan, and other major markets. We expect that patents issuing from these applications, if any, will expire no earlier than 2039. We have also filed applications in additional patent families that are relevant to BXCL501. We have applications pending in the U.S., Europe and Japan directed to methods of treating insomnia using sublingual Dex. We expect that patents issuing from these applications, if any, will expire no earlier than 2035. We also have applications filed in 15 regions, including the U.S., Europe, Japan, and China, directed to methods of treating agitation. We expect that patents issuing from these applications, if any, will expire no earlier than 2037. We have one U.S. application and one European application directed to intravenous administration of Dex. We expect that patents issuing from these applications, if any, will expire no earlier than 2039. We continue to file new applications on an ongoing basis, including provisional applications directed to treating mania and dementia. If patents issue from those cases, we expect them to expire no earlier than 2041 and 2042, respectively.

We have multiple patent families filed to protect our BXCL701 program, including our core patent family directed to methods of using BXCL701 with immune checkpoint inhibitors, which is filed in the U.S. and 14 other countries. Any patents issuing from that family should expire no earlier than 2036. We have a PCT application directed to combination therapies using BXCL701 with immune checkpoint inhibitors and approaches for modifying T-cell activity. We expect any patents issuing from this family to expire no earlier than 2038. Additional PCT and ex-US applications are directed to administering BXCL701 in combinations with various other molecules and dosing regimens. We expect that patents issuing from these applications, if any, will expire no earlier than 2039. Finally, we have multiple provisional applications directed to various dosing regimens and combination therapies. Any patents issuing from those applications are expected to expire between 2039 and 2041 at the earliest.

The term of individual patents depends upon the legal term for patents in the countries in which they are obtained. In most countries, including the U.S., the patent term is 20 years from the earliest filing date of a non-provisional patent application. Depending upon the timing, duration, and specifics of FDA approval of our product candidates, a U.S. patent we own or license may be eligible for limited patent term extension under the Drug Price Competition and Patent Term Restoration Act of 1984 (a.k.a., the “Hatch-Waxman Act”). The act permits a patent restoration term of up to five years as compensation for patent term lost during product development and the drug approval regulatory review process. However, patent term restoration cannot extend the remaining term of a patent beyond a total of 14 years from the product’s approval date. The patent term restoration period is generally one-half the time between the effective date of an investigational new drug (“IND”), and the submission date of a new drug application (“NDA”), plus the time between the submission date of an NDA and the approval of that application. Only one patent applicable to an approved drug is eligible for the extension, and the application for extension must be made prior to patent expiration. The U.S. Patent and Trademark Office (“USPTO”), in consultation with the FDA, reviews and approves the application for any patent term extension or restoration. In the future, we intend to apply for restorations of patent term for some of our

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currently owned or licensed patents to add patent life beyond their current expiration date, depending on the expected length of clinical trials and other factors involved in the submission of the relevant NDA.

The patent positions of companies such as ours are generally uncertain and involve complex legal and factual questions. No consistent policy regarding the scope of claims allowable in patents in the field of method of use patents or reformulation patents has emerged in the U.S. Relevant patent laws and their interpretation outside of the U.S. are also uncertain. Changes in either the patent laws or their interpretation in the U.S. and other countries may diminish our ability to protect our technology or product candidates and enforce the patent rights that we license, and also could affect the value of such intellectual property. In particular, our ability to stop third parties from making, using, selling, offering to sell, or importing products that infringe our intellectual property will depend in part on our success in obtaining and enforcing patent claims that cover our technology, inventions, and improvements. With respect to both licensed and company owned intellectual property, we cannot guarantee that patents will be granted with respect to any of our pending patent applications or with respect to any patent applications we may file in the future, nor can we be sure that any patents that may be granted to us in the future will be commercially useful in protecting our products, the methods of use, or the manufacture of those products. Patent and other intellectual property rights in the pharmaceutical and biotechnology space are evolving and involve many risks and uncertainties. For example, third parties may have blocking patents that could be used to prevent us from commercializing our product candidates and practicing our proprietary technology, and the issued patents that we in-license and those that may issue in the future may be challenged, invalidated, or circumvented, which could limit our ability to stop competitors from marketing related products or could limit the term of patent protection that otherwise may exist for our product candidates. In addition, the scope of the rights granted under any issued patents may not provide us with protection or competitive advantages against competitors with similar technology. Furthermore, our competitors may independently develop similar technologies outside the scope of the rights granted under any issued patents that we own or exclusively in license. For these reasons, we may face competition with respect to our product candidates. Moreover, because of the extensive time required for development, testing, and regulatory review of a potential product, it is possible that, before any particular product candidate can be commercialized, any patent protection for such product may expire or remain in force for only a short period following commercialization, thereby reducing the commercial advantage the patent provides.

Basis of Presentation

The Company’s financial statements are prepared in accordance with U.S Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (“GAAP”).

Components of Our Results of Operations

Revenues

We have not recognized any revenue since inception.

Operating Costs and Expenses

Research and Development

Our research and development expenses reflect costs incurred for the research and development of our clinical and preclinical product candidates, which includes payments to BioXcel LLC. Research and development expense primarily consist of salary, benefits and non-cash stock-based compensation for our research and development personnel, costs incurred under agreements with contract research organizations (“CROs”) and sites that conduct our non-clinical studies and clinical trials, costs of outside consultants engaged in research and development activities, including their fees, stock-based compensation and travel expenses, the cost of acquiring, developing and manufacturing preclinical and clinical trial materials and lab supplies, and depreciation and other expenses.

We expense research and development costs as incurred.

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Our research and development costs by program for the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2021 were as follows:

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General and Administrative

General and administrative expenses primarily consist of salaries, benefits and non-cash stock-based compensation for our executive and administrative personnel. General and administrative expenses also include legal expenses to pursue patent protection of our intellectual property, professional fees for audit and tax services and insurance charges.

We expect that our general and administrative expenses will increase as we expand our clinical programs. We also expect increased administrative costs resulting from our clinical trials and the potential commercialization of our product candidates. We believe that these increases will likely include increased costs for director and officer liability insurance, hiring additional personnel to support future market research and future product commercialization efforts and increased fees for outside consultants, attorneys and accountants. We may also incur increased costs to comply with corporate governance, internal controls, investor relations and disclosures and similar requirements applicable to public companies.

Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements

A description of recently issued accounting pronouncements that may potentially impact our financial position and results of operations is set forth in Note 3 to the financial statements included elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.

Results of Operations

Comparison of the Three Months Ended March 31, 2022 and 2021

Revenues

We have not recognized any revenues since inception.

Research and Development Expense

Research and development expenses for the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2021 were $18,559 and $14,741, respectively, and were comprised as follows:

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​

The overall increase of $3,818 for the three months ended March 31, 2022 is primarily attributable to:

The State of Connecticut provides companies with the opportunity to exchange certain research and development credit carryforwards for cash in exchange for foregoing the carryforward of the research and development credit. The program provides for such exchange of the research and development credit at a rate of 65% of the annual research and development credit. The benefit for such exchange is recorded as a reduction of research and development expenses.

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General and Administrative Expense

General and administrative expenses for the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2021 were $12,921 and $11,638, respectively, and were comprised as follows:

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The overall increase of $1,283 for the three months ended March 31, 2022 is primarily attributable to:

Inflation

Inflation generally affects us by increasing our cost of labor and clinical trial costs. We do not believe that inflation has had a material effect on our results of operations during the periods presented.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

As of March 31, 2022, we had cash and cash equivalents of $200,435, working capital of $191,565 and stockholders’ equity of $194,020. Net cash used in operating activities was $32,413 and $19,640 for the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively. We incurred losses of approximately $31,472 and $26,376 for the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively. We have not yet generated any revenues and we have not yet achieved profitability. We expect that our research and development and general and administrative expenses will continue to increase and, as a result, we will need to generate significant product revenues to achieve profitability. We believe that our existing cash and cash equivalents as of March 31, 2022, along with the Credit Facilities entered into on the Effective Date (discussed in more detail below), will enable us to fund our operating expenses and capital expenditure requirements for at least one year from the date of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.

We may obtain additional financing through sales of the Company’s equity securities, entering into strategic partnership arrangements and/or short-term borrowings from banks, stockholders or other related parties, if needed, or a combination of any of the foregoing. There are no assurances that we will be successful in obtaining an adequate level of financing as and when needed to finance our operations on terms acceptable to us or at all, particularly in light of the economic downturn and ongoing uncertainty related to the COVID-19 pandemic. If we are unable to secure adequate additional funding as and when needed, we may have to significantly delay, scale back or discontinue the development and commercialization of one or more product candidates. In addition, the magnitude and duration of the COVID-19 pandemic and its impact on our liquidity and future funding requirements is uncertain as of the filing date of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, as the pandemic continues to evolve globally. See “Risk Factors—The COVID-19 pandemic, or other pandemics, epidemics or outbreaks of an infectious disease may materially and adversely impact our business, including our preclinical studies and clinical trials.” in Part II, Item 1A. of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for a further discussion of the potential impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on our business.

Sources of Liquidity

We have focused our efforts on raising capital and building the products in our pipeline. Since our inception, our operations have been financed primarily from proceeds from the sale of equity securities, including our IPO, private placements of our common stock, and registered offerings of our common stock and an Open Market Sale Agreement

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(the “Sale Agreement”) with Jefferies LLC (“Jeffries”). We have not yet established an ongoing source of revenue sufficient to cover our operating costs and will need to do so in future periods.

In May 2021, we entered into the Sale Agreement with Jefferies pursuant to which we can offer and sell shares of our common stock, having an aggregate offering price of up to $100,000, from time to time, through an “at the market offering” program under which Jefferies will act as sale agent. No proceeds were received under the Sale Agreement for the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2021.

As described further below, on the Effective Date, we entered into the Credit Agreement with Oaktree as administrative agent, and the Lenders, and the RIFA with Oaktree as administrative agent, and the Purchasers. Pursuant to the Credit Agreement, the Lenders agreed to loan us up to $135,000 in senior secured term loans. On April 28, 2022, we borrowed the first tranche of $70,000 of loans. The remaining two tranches of the commitments under the Credit Agreement may be borrowed at our option prior to December 31, 2024 as follows:

Pursuant to the RIFA, the Purchasers agreed to provide us with up to $120 million in financing for our near-term commercial activities of IGALMI^TM, development and commercialization of BXCL501 and other general corporate purposes. The funding of the first $30,000 payment was conditioned upon our receipt of BXCL501 FDA approval, which occurred on April 5, 2022 with the FDA’s approval of IGALMI^TM. The remaining commitments under the RIFA may be drawn at our option prior to December 31, 2024 as follows:

In connection with the Credit Agreement, on the Effective Date, we granted to the Lenders certain warrants to purchase up to 278 shares of our common stock, rights to purchase up to $5 million of our common stock and warrants in OnkosXcel described in greater detail below.

Cash Flows

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Operating Activities

Net cash used in operating activities for the three months ended March 31, 2022 was $32,413, which was primarily attributable to our net loss of $31,472, a $676 net decrease in accounts payable, accrued expenses and other liabilities, and a $3,480 increase in prepaid expenses, other current assets and other assets, partially offset by $3,825 in non-cash stock-based compensation and $77 of depreciation and amortization.

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Net cash used in operating activities for the three months ended March 31, 2021 was $19,640 which was primarily attributable to our net loss of $26,376, partially offset by $5,565 in non-cash stock-based compensation, a $403 increase in accounts payable, accrued expenses and other liabilities, and a $703 decrease in prepaid expenses and other assets.

Investing Activities

Net cash used in investing activities for the three months ended March 31, 2022 was $120 and was primarily attributable to the purchase of equipment.

Net cash used in investing activities for the three months ended March 31, 2021 was $316 and was attributable to the purchase of equipment.

Financing Activities

Net cash provided by financing activities for the three months ended March 31, 2021 was $852 and was attributable to proceeds received from the exercise of stock options.

Operating Capital and Capital Expenditure Requirements

We expect to continue to incur significant and increasing operating losses at least for the next several years as we commercialize IGALMI^TM and as we expand our clinical trials of and seek marketing approval for BXCL501, BXCL502 and BXCL701, while pursuing development of additional product candidates. We expect to continue to incur net losses in the near term. Our net losses may fluctuate significantly from quarter-to-quarter and year-to-year, depending on the timing of our planned clinical trials and our expenditures on other research and development activities.

We have based our projections of operating capital requirements on assumptions that may prove to be incorrect and we may use all of our available capital resources sooner than we expect. Because of the numerous risks and uncertainties associated with research, development and commercialization of pharmaceutical products, we are unable to estimate the exact amount of our operating capital requirements. We anticipate that our expenses will increase substantially as we:

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We believe that our existing cash and cash equivalents as of March 31, 2022, along with the Credit Facilities the Company entered into on the Effective Date (discussed in more detail below), will be sufficient to enable us to fund operating expenses and capital expenditure requirements for at least the next 12 months from the date of the issuance of the financial statements included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, including funding our ongoing research and development efforts and commercialization preparation. We expect that we will need to obtain substantial additional funding in order to fund our ongoing operations. To the extent that we raise additional capital through the sale of common stock, convertible securities or other equity securities, the ownership interests of our existing stockholders may be materially diluted and the terms of these securities could include liquidation or other preferences that could adversely affect the rights of our existing stockholders. In addition, debt financing, if available, would result in increased fixed payment obligations and may involve agreements that include restrictive covenants that limit our ability to take specific actions, such as incurring additional debt, making capital expenditures or declaring dividends, that could adversely impact our ability to conduct our business. If we are unable to raise capital when needed or on attractive terms, we could be forced to significantly delay, scale back or discontinue the development or commercialization of our product candidates, seek collaborators at an earlier stage than otherwise would be desirable or on terms that are less favorable than might otherwise be available, and relinquish or license, potentially on unfavorable terms, our rights to our product candidates that we otherwise would seek to develop or commercialize ourselves.

Credit Agreement

The loans under the Credit Agreement mature on the fifth anniversary of the Effective Date, provided that we may, at our option, extend the maturity date to the sixth anniversary of the Effective Date if, prior to December 31, 2024, we receive approval from the FDA of an NDA in respect of the use of BXCL501 for the acute treatment of agitation associated with Alzheimer’s disease and satisfy certain other conditions. The loans under the Credit Agreement bear interest at a fixed annual rate of 10.25%, payable quarterly. Of such interest, 2.25% per annum will be payable in kind by capitalizing and adding such interest to the outstanding principal amount of loans on each quarterly interest payment date from the first payment date on which interest is owed through, and including, the third anniversary of such payment date, unless, with respect to any payment date, we elect to pay all or a portion of such interest in cash. We are required to pay a ticking fee equal to 0.750% per annum multiplied by the daily undrawn amount of the commitments commencing 120 days after the funding of the first tranche of the loans, payable quarterly through the termination of the commitments.

We may voluntarily prepay the Credit Agreement at any time subject to a prepayment fee as described in the Credit Agreement.

Our obligations under the Credit Agreement will be guaranteed by our existing and subsequently acquired or organized subsidiaries, subject to certain exceptions. Our obligations under the Credit Agreement and the related guarantees thereunder are secured, subject to customary permitted liens and other agreed upon exceptions, by (i) a pledge of all of the equity interests of all of our existing and any future direct subsidiaries, and (ii) a perfected security interest in all of our and the guarantors’ tangible and intangible assets (except that the guarantees provided by the BXCL701 Subsidiaries (as defined below) are unsecured).

The Credit Agreement contains customary representations and warranties and customary affirmative and negative covenants, including, among other things, restrictions on indebtedness, liens, investments, mergers, dispositions, prepayment of other indebtedness, and dividends and other distributions, subject to certain exceptions, including specific exceptions with respect to product commercialization and development activities. We must also comply with certain financial covenants, including (i) maintenance of cash or permitted cash equivalent investments in accounts controlled by Oaktree for the Lenders, of at least (a) $15,000 from the Effective Date until the date on which the second tranche of loans are funded (the “Step-Up Date”) and (b) $20,000 from and after the Step-Up Date, provided, in the case of (a) and (b), that following any Permitted BXCL701 Release Event (as defined below), such amount will increase by $12,500, and following such time as unaffiliated third parties hold ownership of at least 30% of the equity interests in the BXCL701 Subsidiaries (as defined below), such amount will increase by an additional $5,000 (provided, that such amount will in no event exceed 50% of the aggregate amount of loans outstanding at any time); and (ii) a minimum revenue test, measured quarterly beginning with our fiscal quarter ending on December 31, 2023, that requires our and our subsidiaries’ consolidated net revenue for the six consecutive month period ending on the last day

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of each such fiscal quarter to not be less than a minimum revenue amount specified in the Credit Agreement. Our failure to comply with the financial covenants will result in an event of default, subject to certain cure rights with respect to the revenue covenant.

Notwithstanding the foregoing, the Credit Agreement permits OnkosXcel (together with OnkosXcel Employee Holdings LLC and their respective subsidiaries, the “BXCL701 Subsidiaries”) to receive third-party investment or transfer all or substantially all of their assets to an unaffiliated third party, in each case subject to terms and conditions set forth in the Credit Agreement, including the escrow of certain proceeds received by us and our subsidiaries (other than the BXCL701 Subsidiaries) in respect of these disposition events and, under circumstances set forth in the Credit Agreement, the mandatory prepayment of such escrowed amounts. Our equity interests in the BXCL701 Subsidiaries have been pledged in support of our obligations under the Credit Agreement, and the BXCL701 Subsidiaries have provided direct guarantees of our obligations under the Credit Agreement on an unsecured basis. However, the pledge, guarantee and other obligations of the BXCL701 Subsidiaries under the Term Laon will be released upon certain agreed upon events (“Permitted BXCL701 Release Events”), including an initial public offering by the BXCL701 Subsidiaries or the ownership by unaffiliated third parties of at least 20% of the equity interests in the BXCL701 Subsidiaries.

The Credit Agreement contains events of default that are customary for financings of this type relating to, among other things, payment defaults, breach of covenants, breach of representations and warranties, cross default to material indebtedness, bankruptcy-related defaults, judgment defaults, breach of the financial covenants described above, and the occurrence of certain change of control events. In certain circumstances, events of default are subject to customary cure periods. Following an event of default and any applicable cure period, the Lenders will have the right upon notice to terminate any undrawn commitments and may accelerate all amounts outstanding under the Credit Agreement, in addition to other remedies available to them as our secured creditors.

The RIFA

In exchange for the RIFA funds, we agreed to make payments to the Purchasers equal to a royalty ranging from 0.375% to 7.75% on net sales of BXCL501 in the U.S., subject to a hard cap (the “Hard Cap”) equal to 175% of the total amount funded in respect of the RIFA as of any date (the “Funded Amount”). We are required to make additional payments to the Purchasers from time to time to ensure that the aggregate amount of payments received by the Purchasers under the RIFA divided by the Funded Amount (such equation, as of any date of determination, the “MOIC”) is at least equal to agreed upon minimum levels as of certain dates of determination, subject to terms and conditions set forth in the RIFA.

Commencing with the calendar quarter after the Hard Cap is received by the Purchasers, we have agreed to pay the Purchasers a flat 0.375% royalty on net sales of BXCL501 in the U.S. (the “Tail Royalty Payments”) through, and including, March 31, 2036. However, no Tail Royalty Payments will be owed unless the conditions to the second tranche of RIFA funds have been met (irrespective of whether we elect to receive such RIFA funds).

Our obligations under the RIFA are secured, subject to customary permitted liens and other agreed upon exceptions and subject to an intercreditor agreement between Oaktree for the Credit Agreement and RIFA, by a perfected security interest in (i) accounts receivable arising from net sales of BXCL501 in the U.S. and one or more segregated bank accounts maintained for the purpose of receiving payments in respect of such accounts receivable, (ii) intellectual property that is claiming or covering BXCL501 itself or any method of using, making or manufacturing BXCL501 and (iii) regulatory approvals, clinical data, and all other assets that underlie BXCL501.

At any time after the funding of the first RIFA tranche, we will have the right, but not the obligation (the “Call Option”), to buy out the Purchasers interest in the RIFA at a repurchase price (the “Put/Call Price”) equal to, as of any date of determination, an amount sufficient that, giving effect to the payment of the Put/Call Price and all other payments made by us to the Purchasers pursuant to the RIFA, (i) the MOIC equals 1.225x if such date is before the one-year anniversary of the date the first RIFA funds were made, (ii) the MOIC equals 1.375x if such date is on or after the one-year anniversary of the date the first RIFA funds were made and before the two-year anniversary of the date the first RIFA funds were made, (iii) the MOIC equals 1.525x if such date is on or after the two-year anniversary of the date the first RIFA funds were made and before the three-year anniversary of the date the first RIFA funds were made,

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and (iv) the MOIC equals 1.750x if such date is on or after the three-year anniversary of the date the first RIFA funds were made. If we exercise the Call Option prior to the third anniversary of the Effective Date, then the Purchasers will not be entitled to any Tail Royalty Payments. However, if we exercise the Call Option on or after the third anniversary of the Effective Date, then we will be required to buy out the Purchasers’ interest in the Tail Royalty Payments in addition to the RIFA payments, and the applicable Put/Call Price will be an amount equal to, as of any date of determination, an amount sufficient that, giving effect to the payment of the Put/Call Price and all other payments made by us to the Purchasers pursuant to the RIFA, the MOIC equals 2.25x.

The RIFA contains customary representations and warranties and certain restrictions on our ability to incur indebtedness and grant liens on intellectual property related to BXCL501. In addition, the RIFA provides that if certain events occur, including certain bankruptcy events, failure to make payments, a change of control, an out-license or sale of all of the rights in and to BXCL501 in the U.S., in each case except a permitted licensing transaction (as defined in the RIFA) and, subject to applicable cure periods, material breach of the covenants in the RIFA, Oaktree, at the direction of the Purchasers, may require us to repurchase the Purchasers’ interests in the RIFA payments and Tail Royalty Payments at the Put/Call Price. In addition, we may terminate the RIFA if a change of control occurs before the first RIFA funding is made.

BTI Warrants and Rights to Purchase Our Common Stock

In connection with the Credit Agreement, on the Effective Date, we granted warrants to the Lenders to purchase up to 278 shares of our common stock (the “Warrants”) at an exercise price of $20.04 per share, which represents the arithmetic average of the volume-weighted average price of our common stock on the Nasdaq Capital Market during the 30 trading days preceding the issuance of the Warrants. The Warrants will expire on April 19, 2029, and may be net exercised at the holder’s election. In addition, pursuant to the Credit Agreement, the Lenders have the right to purchase shares of our common stock after the Effective Date, for a purchase price of $5,000 at a price per share equal to a 10% premium to the volume weighted average price of the common stock over the 30 trading days prior to the Lenders’ election to proceed with such equity investment. We entered into a registration rights agreement with the Lenders, pursuant to which we agreed to file a registration statement on Form S-3 to register the shares issuable upon exercise of the Warrants and, if issued, the shares related to the equity investment, for resale.

OnkosXcel Warrants

In connection with the closing of the Credit Agreement, OnkosXcel granted the Lenders warrants to purchase an ownership interest equal to 0.875% of its fully diluted capitalization as of the closing of the Credit Agreement, subject to increase to up to an aggregate of 1.75% of its fully diluted capitalization as of the closing of the Credit Agreement based on the funding of the two delayed draw tranches of loans provided for under the Credit Agreement (the “701 Warrants”). The exercise price per unit of the 701 Warrants will be set upon the earlier of the closing of the next sale (or related series of related sales) by OnkosXcel of equity securities of OnkosXcel with aggregate proceeds of not less than $20,000 to unrelated third parties (the “Next Equity Financing”) at an exercise price per unit equal to a 10% premium over the price per unit of the equity securities sold by OnkosXcel in such Next Equity Financing or, in the event of a sale of OnkosXcel prior to the Next Equity Financing or an initial public offering constituting the Next Equity Financing, the lesser of (x) 75% of the fair market value of the consideration to be paid for a unit upon the consummation of such transaction and (y) 150% of the valuation applicable to the initial profits units issued by OnkosXcel after the closing of the Credit Agreement. The 701 Warrants will expire on April 19, 2029. The 701 Warrants may be net exercised at the holder’s election.

Other Contractual Obligations and Commitments

In February 2022, the Company executed a statement of work (the “February 2022 SOW”) with Innovative Clinical Research, Inc. (“ICR”) under a Master Clinical Trial Agreement that BTI has with ICR. As part of the February 2022 SOW, the Company will pay ICR a minimum of $8,250 to conduct a study of BXCL501 for the potential treatment of agitation in patients with Alzheimer’s disease.

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As discussed above, we signed the Distribution Agreement with Cardinal in February 2022, whereby Cardinal agreed to distribute product related to BXCL501 in the U.S. Cardinal will be paid defined fees for its services under the Distribution Agreement, which can be terminated by either party for cause. The Distribution Agreement can also be terminated by BTI without cause, subject to payment of agreed termination fees.

Subsequent to March 31, 2022, we entered into the Second Amendment to the Second Amended and Restated Separation and Shared Services Agreement pursuant to which the parties agreed to extend the Company’s option to enter into a Collaborative Services Agreement with BioXcel LLC through December 31, 2024, for which the Company has agreed to pay BioXcel LLC $18 per month, prorated for any partial month, as applicable, for the period beginning March 13, 2023 and ending December 31, 2024. In addition, we and BioXcel LLC, a significant stockholder of the Company, entered into the BioXcel Trademark License Agreement, pursuant to which BioXcel LLC has granted us a royalty-free license to use the BIOXCEL trademark in connection with marketing, promoting and selling any products and services in the field of neuroscience, for which we have agreed to pay BioXcel LLC a one-time fee of $135.

In addition, on April 1, 2022, the Company signed a commercial supply agreement with ARx, LLC (“ARx”), whereby ARx agreed to manufacture, and supply Dex product related to IGALMI^TM and BXCL501. The commercial supply agreement contemplates specified minimum annual payments, which increase in intervals at specified points in time during the term of the agreement.

Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

Our critical accounting policies and estimates are described in "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations-Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates" in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2021. We have reviewed and determined that those critical accounting policies and estimates remain our critical accounting policies and estimates as of and for the three months ended March 31, 2022. No changes were made to our critical accounting policies during the period presented.

Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk

Interest Rate Risk. As of March 31, 2022, we had $200,435 of cash and cash equivalents. Our cash and cash equivalents are primarily held in U.S. Government money market funds. We do not participate in any foreign currency hedging activities and we do not have any other derivative financial instruments. We did not recognize any significant exchange rate losses during the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively. The loans under the Credit Agreement bear interest at a fixed annual rate of 10.25%, payable quarterly, and consequently we do not have material interest rate exposure due to our indebtedness.

We do not believe that our cash and cash equivalents have significant risk of default or illiquidity. While we believe our cash and cash equivalents do not contain excessive risk, we cannot provide absolute assurance that in the future our investments will not be subject to adverse changes in market value. In addition, we maintain significant amounts of cash at one or more financial institutions that are in excess of federally insured limits.

Capital Market Risk. We currently have no product revenues and depend on funds raised through other sources. One source of funding includes future debt or equity offerings. Our ability to raise funds in this manner depends upon, among other things, capital market forces affecting our stock price, and on the state of the capital markets generally.

Item 4. Controls and Procedures

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

Our management, with the participation of our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer (our principal executive officer and principal financial officer, respectively), evaluated the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures as of March 31, 2022. The term “disclosure controls and procedures,” as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), means controls and other procedures of a company that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by a company in the

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reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported, within the time periods specified in the rules and forms of the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”). Disclosure controls and procedures include, without limitation, controls and procedures designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by a company in the reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act is accumulated and communicated to the company’s management, including its principal executive and principal financial officers, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. Management recognizes that any controls and procedures, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable assurance of achieving their objectives and management necessarily applies its judgment in evaluating the cost-benefit relationship of possible controls and procedures.

Based on the evaluation of our disclosure controls and procedures as of March 31, 2022, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that, as of such date, our disclosure controls and procedures were effective at the reasonable assurance level.

Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting

There were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act) during the three months ended March 31, 2022 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

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PART II. OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1. Legal Proceedings

From time to time, we may be subject to litigation and claims arising in the ordinary course of business. We are not currently a party to any material legal proceedings, and we are not aware of any pending or threatened legal proceeding against us that we believe could have a material adverse effect on our business, operating results, cash flows or financial condition.

Item 1A. Risk Factors

You should carefully consider the risks described below, as well as general economic and business risks and the other information in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2021. The occurrence of any of the events or circumstances described below or other adverse events could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition and could cause the trading price of our common stock to decline. Additional risks or uncertainties not presently known to us or that we currently deem immaterial may also harm our business.

Risks Related to Financial Position and Need for Additional Capital

We have a limited operating history and have never generated any product revenues, which may make it difficult to evaluate the success of our business to date and to assess our future viability.

We were incorporated in March 2017 and our operations to date have been largely focused on staffing our company, raising capital and advancing the development of our product candidates, including conducting clinical and preclinical studies. We have only one product approved for commercial sale, and have limited experience in obtaining marketing approvals, manufacturing products on a commercial scale, and conducting sales and marketing activities necessary for successful commercialization. Consequently, predictions about our future success or viability may not be as accurate as they could be if we had a longer operating history or a history of successfully commercializing products.

We expect our financial condition and operating results to continue to fluctuate from quarter to quarter and year to year due to a variety of factors, many of which are beyond our control. We are transitioning from a company with primarily a research and development focus to a company also capable of undertaking commercial activities. We may encounter unforeseen expenses, difficulties, complications and delays, and may not be successful in such a transition.

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We have incurred significant operating losses since inception and anticipate that we will continue to incur substantial operating losses for the foreseeable future and may never achieve or maintain profitability.

Since our inception, we have incurred significant operating losses. Our net loss was $31.5 million and $26.4 million for the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively. As of March 31, 2022, we had stockholders’ equity of $194 million. We expect to continue to incur significant expenses and increasing operating losses for the foreseeable future. We have only had one product candidate recently approved for marketing in the U.S., none in any other jurisdiction, and may never receive approval beyond the one product approved to date. It could be several years, if ever, before we have a commercialized product that generates significant revenues through sales of IGALMI^TM or our product candidates, if approved. As a result, we are uncertain when or if we will achieve profitability and, if so, whether we will be able to sustain it. The net losses we incur may fluctuate significantly from quarter to quarter and year to year. We anticipate that our expenses will increase substantially as we:

To become and remain profitable, we must develop and eventually commercialize one or more products or product candidates with significant market potential. This will require us to be successful in a range of challenging activities, including completing clinical trials of our product candidates, developing commercial scale manufacturing processes, obtaining marketing approval, manufacturing, marketing, and selling IGALMI^TM and any current and future product candidates for which we may obtain marketing approval, and satisfying any post-marketing requirements. We may never succeed in any or all of these activities and, even if we do, we may never generate sufficient revenue to achieve profitability.

Although we have obtained FDA approval for IGALMI^TM, because of the numerous risks and uncertainties associated with product development, we are unable to accurately predict the timing or amount of expenses or when, or if, we will obtain marketing approval to commercialize any additional product candidates. If we are required by the FDA, or other regulatory authorities such as the EMA to perform studies and trials in addition to those currently expected, or if there are any delays in the development, or in the completion of any planned or future preclinical studies or clinical trials of our current or future product candidates, our expenses could increase and profitability could be further delayed.

Even if we do achieve profitability, we may not be able to sustain or increase profitability on a quarterly or annual basis.

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Our failure to become and remain profitable would decrease the value of our Company and could impair our ability to raise capital, maintain our research and development efforts, expand our business or continue our operations. A decline in the value of our company also could cause you to lose all or part of your investment.

We will need substantial additional funding, and if we are unable to raise capital when needed, we could be forced to delay, reduce or eliminate our product development programs or commercialization efforts.

We anticipate that our expenses will increase substantially if and as we continue to develop and conduct clinical trials with respect to our current and any future product candidates; seek to identify and develop additional product candidates; acquire or in-license other product candidates or technologies; seek regulatory approvals for our product candidates that successfully complete clinical trials, if any; establish sales, marketing, distribution and other commercial infrastructure to support the commercialization of any products for which we may obtain marketing approval; require the manufacture of larger quantities of product candidates for clinical development and, potentially, commercialization; maintain, expand and protect our intellectual property portfolio; hire and retain additional personnel, such as clinical, quality control and scientific personnel; add operational, financial and management information systems and personnel, including personnel to support our product development and help us comply with our obligations as a public company; and add equipment and physical infrastructure to support our research and development programs.

We expect that our cash and cash equivalents as of March 31, 2022 will be sufficient to fund our ongoing research and development efforts and commercialization preparation for at least twelve months from the date of the issuance of the financial statements included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. We will be required to expend significant funds to commercialize IGALMI^TM in the U.S. and advance the development of BXCL501, BXCL701, BXCL502 and our other product candidates. In addition, while we may seek one or more collaborators for future development of our current product candidates or any future product candidates that we may develop for one or more indications, we may not be able to enter into a collaboration for any of our product candidates for such indications on suitable terms, on a timely basis or at all. In any event, the net proceeds of our prior equity offerings and our existing cash will not be sufficient to fund all of the efforts that we plan to undertake or to fund the completion of development of our product candidates or our other preclinical programs. Accordingly, we will be required to obtain further funding through public or private equity offerings, debt financings, collaborations and licensing arrangements or other sources. Further financing may not be available to us on acceptable terms, or at all. Additionally, market volatility resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic or other factors could also adversely impact our ability to access capital as and when needed. Our failure to raise capital as and when needed would have a negative impact on our financial condition and our ability to pursue our business strategy.

Our estimate as to how long we expect our existing cash to be able to continue to fund our operations is based on assumptions that may prove to be wrong, and we could use our available capital resources sooner than we currently expect. Further, changing circumstances, some of which may be beyond our control, could cause us to consume capital significantly faster than we currently anticipate, and we may need to seek additional funds sooner than planned. Our future funding requirements, both short-term and long-term, will depend on many factors, including:

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We have significant indebtedness and other contractual obligations that could impair our liquidity, restrict our ability to do business and thereby harm our business, results of operations and financial condition. We may not have sufficient cash flow from operations to satisfy our obligations under our Credit Agreement.

As of April 30, 2022, we had indebtedness of $70 million outstanding under the Credit Agreement with the Lenders, pursuant to which the Lenders loaned $70 million and agreed to loan us up to an additional $65 million in senior secured term loans, and under the RIFA, we may obtain up to $120 million in additional funding. Under the RIFA, we are required to make tiered revenue interest payments on U.S. net sales of IGALMI^TM and any other future BXCL501 products equal to a royalty ranging from 0.375% to 7.750% of net sales of IGALMI^TM and any other future BXCL501 products in the U.S, as well as certain additional payments to the Purchasers from time to time, to ensure that the aggregate amount of payments received by the Purchasers under the RIFA is at least equal to certain agreed upon minimum levels as of certain specified dates, subject to terms and conditions set forth in the RIFA.

Our ability to make scheduled payments or to refinance these and other outstanding debt obligations depends on our financial and operating performance, which will be affected by prevailing economic, industry and competitive conditions and by financial, business and other factors beyond our control. A failure to pay our debt, fixed cost and other obligations or a breach of our contractual obligations could result in a variety of adverse consequences, including the exercise of remedies by our creditors and lessors. In such a situation, it is unlikely that we would be able to cure our breach, fulfill our obligations, make required payments or otherwise cover our fixed costs, which would have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition.

In addition, historically we have relied on debt and equity financings as our primary sources of liquidity. If our future cash flows and capital resources are insufficient to fund our debt service obligations, we may be forced to reduce or delay capital expenditures, sell assets, seek additional capital or seek to restructure or refinance our indebtedness. Any refinancing of our indebtedness could be at higher interest rates and may require us to comply with more onerous covenants. These alternative measures may not be successful and may not permit us to meet our scheduled debt service obligations. In the absence of such cash flows and resources, we could face substantial liquidity problems and might be required to sell material assets or operations to attempt to meet our debt service obligations. If we cannot meet our debt service obligations, the holders of our indebtedness may accelerate such indebtedness and, to the extent such indebtedness is secured, foreclose on our assets. In such an event, we may not have sufficient assets to repay all of our indebtedness.

In addition, incurring indebtedness generally requires that a portion of cash flow from operating activities be dedicated to interest and principal payments. Debt service requirements could reduce our ability to use our cash flow to fund operations and capital expenditures, to capitalize on future business opportunities, including additional acquisitions, or to pay dividends or increase dividends. In addition, our indebtedness may reduce our flexibility to operate our business, adjust to changing business conditions, restrict us from making strategic acquisitions or cause

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us to make non-strategic divestitures or obtain additional financing. Any of these risks could materially adversely affect our business, results of operations or financial condition.

Restrictive covenants in our Credit Agreement and RIFA each place limits on our ability to conduct our business. The Credit Agreement contains customary representations and warranties and customary affirmative and negative covenants, including, among other things, restrictions on indebtedness, liens, investments, mergers, dispositions, prepayment of other indebtedness, and dividends and other distributions, subject to certain exceptions, including specific exceptions with respect to product commercialization and development activities. We must also comply with certain financial covenants under the Credit Agreement that requires we maintain a minimum level of cash and revenues. The RIFA contains customary representations and warranties and certain restrictions on our ability to incur indebtedness and grant liens on intellectual property related to BXCL501. In addition, the RIFA provides that if certain events occur, including certain bankruptcy events, failure to make payments, a change of control, an out-license or sale of all of the rights in and to BXCL501 in the U.S., in each case except a permitted licensing transaction (as defined in the RIFA) and, subject to applicable cure periods, material breach of the covenants in the RIFA, Oaktree, at the direction of the Purchasers, may require us to repurchase certain of the Purchasers’ interests.

Risks Related to the Discovery and Development of Product Candidates

We have limited experience in drug discovery and drug development.

Prior to the acquisition of our product candidates, we were not involved in and had no control over their preclinical and clinical development. In addition, we are relying upon the parties we acquired our product candidates from to have conducted research and development in accordance with the applicable protocol, legal, regulatory and scientific standards, accurately reported the results of all clinical trials conducted prior to our acquisition of the applicable product candidate, and correctly collected and interpreted the data from these studies and trials. To the extent any of these activities did not occur, our expected development time and costs could increase, which could adversely affect our prospects for marketing approval of, and receiving any future revenue from, these product candidates.

In the near term, we are dependent on the success of IGALMI^TM, and three of our product candidates, BXCL501, BXCL701 and BXCL502. If we are unable to complete the clinical development of, obtain marketing approval for or successfully commercialize IGALMI^TM and our other product candidates, either alone or with a collaborator, or if we experience significant delays in doing so, our business could be substantially harmed.

We currently have only one product that recently received regulatory approval and may never be able to develop additional marketable product candidates. We are continuing to invest a significant portion of our efforts and financial resources in the commercialization of BXCL501 and development of BXCL701 and BXCL502, as well as our other product candidates. Our prospects are substantially dependent on our ability, or that of any future collaborator, to develop, obtain marketing approval for and successfully commercialize product candidates in one or more disease indications.

The success of IGALMI^TM, and of BXCL501, BXCL701, BXCL502 and our other product candidates will depend on several factors, including the following:

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Many of these factors are beyond our control, including the results of clinical trials, the time required for the FDA, or any comparable foreign regulatory authorities, to review any regulatory submissions we may make, potential threats to our intellectual property rights and the manufacturing, marketing and sales efforts of any future collaborator. If we are unable to commercialize IGALMI^TM or develop, receive marketing approval for and successfully commercialize BXCL501, BXCL701 and our other product candidates, on our own or with any future collaborator, or experience delays because of any of these factors or otherwise, our business could be substantially harmed.

Interim “top-line” and preliminary data from our clinical trials, that we announce or publish from time to time, may change as more patient data become available and are subject to audit and verification procedures that could result in material changes in the final data.

From time to time, we may publicly disclose top-line or preliminary data from our clinical trials, which is based on a preliminary analysis of then-available data. The results and related findings and conclusions based on such preliminary data are subject to change, and have in the past changed, following a more comprehensive review of the data related to the particular study or trial. We also make assumptions, estimations, calculations and conclusions as part of our analyses of data, and we may not have received or had the opportunity to fully and carefully evaluate all data. As a result, the top-line or preliminary results that we report may differ from future results of the same studies, or different conclusions or considerations may qualify such results, once additional data have been received and fully evaluated. Top-line or preliminary data also remain subject to audit and verification procedures that may result in the final data being materially different from the top-line or preliminary data we previously published. As a result, top-line and preliminary data should be viewed with caution until the final data are available.

From time to time, we may also disclose interim data from our preclinical studies and clinical trials. Interim data from clinical trials that we may complete are subject to the risk that one or more of the clinical outcomes may materially change as patient enrollment continues and more patient data become available. Adverse differences between interim data and final data could significantly harm our business prospects. Further, disclosure of interim data by us or by our competitors could result in volatility in the price of our common stock.

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Further, others, including regulatory agencies, may not accept or agree with our assumptions, estimates, calculations, conclusions or analyses or may interpret or weigh the importance of data differently, which could impact the value of the particular program, the approvability or commercialization of the particular product candidate or product and our Company in general. In addition, the information we choose to publicly disclose regarding a particular study or clinical trial is based on what is typically extensive information, and you or others may not agree with what we determine is material or otherwise appropriate information to include in our disclosure.

If the interim, top-line or preliminary data that we report differ from actual results, or if others, including regulatory authorities, disagree with the conclusions reached, our ability to obtain approval for, and commercialize, our product candidates may be harmed, which could harm our business, operating results, prospects or financial condition.

The regulatory approval processes of the FDA and comparable foreign authorities are lengthy, time consuming, expensive and inherently unpredictable, and if we are ultimately unable to obtain regulatory approval for our product candidates, our business will be substantially harmed.

The time required to obtain approval by the FDA and comparable foreign authorities is unpredictable but typically takes many years following the commencement of clinical trials and depends upon numerous factors, including the substantial discretion of the regulatory authorities. The results of preclinical studies and early clinical trials of our product candidates may not be predictive of the results of later-stage clinical trials. Product candidates in later stages of clinical trials may fail to show the desired safety and efficacy traits despite having progressed through preclinical studies and initial clinical trials. It is not uncommon for companies in the biopharmaceutical industry to suffer significant setbacks in advanced clinical trials due to nonclinical findings made while clinical studies were underway and safety or efficacy observations made in clinical studies, including previously unreported adverse events. Our future clinical trial results may not be successful, and notwithstanding any potential promising results in earlier studies, we cannot be certain that we will not face similar setbacks. The historical failure rate for product candidates in our industry is high. In addition, approval policies, regulations, or the type and amount of clinical data necessary to gain approval may change during the course of a product candidate’s clinical development and may vary among jurisdictions. We recently obtained regulatory approval for our first product candidate for the acute treatment of agitation associated with schizophrenia or bipolar I or II disorder, which has not yet been successfully commercialized. It is possible that none of our product candidates, or any product candidates we may seek to develop in the future, will ever obtain regulatory approval.

Our current product candidates, or any that may be developed in the future, could fail to receive regulatory approval for many reasons, including the following:

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We have limited experience in completing clinical trials of any of our product candidates. Consequently, we may not have the necessary capabilities, including adequate staffing, to successfully manage the execution and completion of any clinical trials we initiate in a way that leads to our obtaining marketing approval for our product candidates in a timely manner, or at all. This lengthy approval process as well as the unpredictability of future clinical trial results may result in our failing to obtain regulatory approval to market our product candidates, which would significantly harm our business, results of operations and prospects.

In addition, even if we were to obtain approval, regulatory authorities may approve any of our product candidates for fewer or more limited indications than we request, may not approve the price we intend to charge for our products, may grant approval contingent on the performance of costly post-marketing clinical trials, may approve a product candidate with a label that does not include the labeling claims necessary or desirable for the successful commercialization of that product candidate or may restrict its distribution. Any of the foregoing scenarios could materially harm the commercial prospects for our product candidates.

We have only submitted one NDA to the FDA and have not submitted any similar marketing applications to comparable foreign authorities, for any product candidate, and we cannot be certain that any of our product candidates currently in development, or any than may be developed in the future, will be successful in clinical trials or receive regulatory approval. Further, our product candidates currently in development, or any than may be developed in the future, may not receive regulatory approval even if they are successful in clinical trials. If we do not receive regulatory approvals for additional product candidates, we may not be able to continue our operations. Even if we successfully obtain regulatory approvals to market one or more of our product candidates, our revenues will be dependent, in part, upon the size of the markets in the territories for which we gain regulatory approval and have commercial rights. If the markets for patients that we are targeting for our product candidates are not as significant as we estimate, we may not generate significant revenues from sales of such product candidates, if approved.

We plan to seek regulatory approval to commercialize our product candidates in the U.S., the European Union (“EU”) and in additional foreign countries. While the scope of regulatory approval is similar in other countries, to obtain separate regulatory approval in many other countries we must comply with numerous and varying regulatory requirements of such countries regarding safety and efficacy and governing, among other things, clinical trials and commercial sales, pricing and distribution of our product candidates, and we cannot predict success in these jurisdictions.

In addition, the FDA’s and other regulatory authorities’ policies with respect to clinical trials may change and additional government regulations may be enacted. For instance, the regulatory landscape related to clinical trials in the EU recently evolved. The EU Clinical Trials Regulation (“CTR”), which was adopted in April 2014 and repeals the EU Clinical Trials Directive, became applicable on January 31, 2022. While the Clinical Trials Directive required a separate clinical trial application (“CTA”), to be submitted in each member state, to both the competent national health authority and an independent ethics committee, the CTR introduces a centralized process and only requires the submission of a single application to all member states concerned. The CTR allows sponsors to make a single submission to both the competent authority and an ethics committee in each member state, leading to a single decision per member state. The assessment procedure of the CTA has been harmonized as well, including a joint assessment by all member states concerned, and a separate assessment by each member state with respect to specific requirements related to its own territory, including ethics rules. Each member state’s decision is communicated to the sponsor via the centralized EU portal. Once the CTA is approved, clinical study development may proceed. The CTR foresees a three-year transition period. The extent to which ongoing and new clinical trials will be governed by the CTR varies. For clinical trials whose CTA was made under the Clinical Trials Directive before January 31, 2022, the Clinical Trials Directive will continue to apply on a transitional basis for three years. Additionally, sponsors may still choose to submit a CTA under either the Clinical Trials Directive or the CTR until January 31, 2023 and, if authorized, those will be

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governed by the Clinical Trials Directive until January 31, 2025. By that date, all ongoing trials will become subject to the provisions of the CTR.

If we are slow or unable to adapt to changes in existing requirements or the adoption of new requirements or policies governing clinical trials, our development plans may be impacted.

Clinical trials are expensive, time-consuming, and difficult to design and implement, and involve an uncertain outcome.

Before obtaining marketing approval from the FDA, or other comparable foreign regulatory authorities, for the sale of our product candidates, we must complete preclinical development and extensive clinical trials to demonstrate the safety and efficacy of our product candidates. Clinical testing is expensive and can take many years to complete, and its outcome is inherently uncertain. Failure can occur at any time during the clinical trial process. Although we are planning for certain clinical trials relating to BXCL501, BXCL701, BXCL502 and our other product candidates, there can be no assurance that the FDA, or other comparable foreign regulatory authorities, will accept our proposed trial designs. We may experience delays in our clinical trials and we do not know whether planned clinical trials will begin on time, need to be redesigned, enroll patients on time or be completed on schedule, if at all. Clinical trials can be delayed for a variety of reasons, including delays related to:

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In addition, disruptions caused by the COVID-19 pandemic may increase the likelihood that we encounter such difficulties or delays in initiating, enrolling, conducting or completing our planned and ongoing clinical trials. For example, in April 2021, PLACIDITY enrollment was voluntarily paused to assess challenges posed in opening relevant clinical sites and enrolling delirium patients in the ICU settings, including as a result of the burden COVID-19 placed on the ICU.

We could encounter delays if a clinical trial is suspended or terminated by us, by the IRBs of the institutions in which such trials are being conducted, by the Data Safety Monitoring Board (“DSMB”) for such trial or by the FDA or other regulatory authorities. Such authorities may impose such a suspension or termination due to a number of factors, including failure to conduct the clinical trial in accordance with regulatory requirements or our clinical protocols, inspection of the clinical trial operations or trial site by the FDA or other regulatory authorities resulting in the imposition of a clinical hold, unforeseen safety issues or adverse side effects, failure to demonstrate a benefit from using a drug, changes in governmental regulations or administrative actions or lack of adequate funding to continue the clinical trial. Furthermore, we rely on CROs and clinical trial sites to ensure the proper and timely conduct of our clinical trials and, while we have agreements governing their committed activities, we have limited influence over their actual performance.

Further, conducting clinical trials in foreign countries, as we may do for our current and future product candidates, presents additional risks that may delay completion of our clinical trials. These risks include the failure of enrolled patients in foreign countries to adhere to clinical protocol as a result of differences in healthcare services or cultural customs, managing additional administrative burdens associated with foreign regulatory schemes, as well as political and economic risks relevant to such foreign countries. For example, if the current conflict between Russia and Ukraine spreads to other regions, it may adversely impact our ability to conduct trials.

If we experience delays in the completion of, or termination of, any clinical trial of our product candidates, the commercial prospects of our product candidates will be harmed, and our ability to generate product revenues from any of these product candidates will be delayed. In addition, any delays in completing our clinical trials will increase our

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costs, slow down our product candidate development and approval process and jeopardize our ability to commence product sales and generate revenues. Any of these occurrences may harm our business, financial condition and prospects significantly. In addition, many of the factors that cause, or lead to, a delay in the commencement or completion of clinical trials may also ultimately lead to the denial of regulatory approval of our product candidates.

We depend on enrollment of patients in our clinical trials in order for us to continue development of our product candidates. If we are unable to enroll patients in our clinical trials, our research and development efforts could be adversely affected.

The timely completion of clinical trials in accordance with their protocols depends, among other things, on our ability to enroll a sufficient number of patients who remain in the study until its conclusion. We may experience difficulties in patient enrollment in our clinical trials for a variety of reasons. Patient enrollment is affected by many factors including the size and nature of the patient population, the proximity of patients to clinical sites, the eligibility criteria for the trial, the design of the clinical trial, the size of the patient population required for analysis of the trial’s primary endpoints, the proximity of patients to study sites, our ability to recruit clinical trial investigators with the appropriate competencies and experience, our ability to obtain and maintain patient consents, the risk that patients enrolled in clinical trials will drop out of the trials before completion, and competing clinical trials and clinicians’ and patients’ perceptions as to the potential advantages of the drug being studied in relation to other available therapies, including any new drugs that may be approved for the indications we are investigating. Our ability to enroll patients in our clinical trials may be impacted by governmental restrictions and diversion of healthcare resources resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic. Many pharmaceutical companies are conducting clinical trials in patients with the disease indications that our product candidates are designed to target. As a result, we must compete with them for clinical sites, physicians and the limited number of patients who fulfill the stringent requirements for participation in clinical trials. Also, due to the confidential nature of clinical trials, we do not know how many of the eligible patients may be enrolled in competing studies and who are consequently not available to us for our clinical trials. Our clinical trials may be delayed or terminated due to the inability to enroll enough patients. The delay or inability to meet planned patient enrollment may result in increased costs and delay or termination of our trials, which could have a harmful effect on our ability to develop products.

Our product candidates may cause undesirable side effects or have other properties that could delay or prevent their regulatory approval, limit the commercial profile of an approved label, or result in significant negative consequences following marketing approval, if any.

Undesirable side effects caused by our product candidates could cause us or regulatory authorities to interrupt, delay or halt clinical trials and could result in a more restrictive label or the delay or denial of regulatory approval by the FDA or other comparable foreign authorities. The clinical evaluation of BXCL501, BXCL701, BXCL502 and our other product candidates in patients, in many cases, is ongoing and it is possible that there may be side effects associated with their use. Results of our trials could reveal a high and unacceptable severity and prevalence of these or other side effects. For example, in our Phase 2 clinical trial of BXCL701 for the treatment of emergent Neuroendocrine Prostate Cancer, one patient experienced acidosis with a fatal outcome. Although the clinical investigator could not determine that the fatality was related to treatment with BXCL701, it is possible that BXCL701 could be tied to unacceptable side effects in the future.

If we observe drug-related adverse events or other unacceptable safety concerns in clinical trials, we, the FDA, the IRBs at the institutions in which our studies are conducted, or the DSMB could suspend or terminate our clinical trials or the FDA, or comparable foreign regulatory authorities, could order us to cease clinical trials or deny approval of our product candidates for any or all targeted indications. For example, the FDA placed Point Therapeutics, Inc.’s IND for BXCL701 on clinical hold following an increase in observed mortality in patients receiving BXCL701 in a Phase 3 trial in patients with non-small cell lung cancer. Though we believe that this result was caused by, among other things, an imbalance in the disease severity of patients enrolled in the active arm of the clinical trial, there is no guarantee that excess mortality will not be observed in future clinical studies. Treatment-related side effects could also affect patient recruitment or the ability of enrolled patients to complete the clinical trial or result in potential product liability claims. In addition, these side effects may not be appropriately recognized or managed by the treating medical staff. We expect to have to train medical personnel using our product candidates to understand the side effect profiles observed in our

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clinical trials and upon commercialization of any of our product candidates that may receive regulatory approval. Inadequate training in recognizing or managing the potential side effects of our product candidates could result in patient injury or death. Any of these occurrences may harm our business, financial condition and prospects significantly.

Additionally, if we or others later identify undesirable side effects caused by IGALMI^TM or any other product candidate that receives marketing approval, a number of potentially significant negative consequences could result, including:

Any of these events could prevent us from achieving or maintaining market acceptance of the particular product or product candidate, if approved, and could significantly harm our business, results of operations and prospects.

BioXcel LLC’s approach to the discovery and development of product candidates based on EvolverAI is novel and unproven, and we do not know whether we will be able to develop any products of commercial value.

We are leveraging BioXcel LLC’s EvolverAI to create a pipeline of neuroscience and immuno-oncology product candidates for patients whose diseases have not been adequately addressed to date by other approaches and to design and conduct efficient clinical trials with a higher likelihood of success. While we believe that applying BioXcel LLC’s EvolverAI to create medicines for defined patient populations may potentially enable drug research and clinical development that is more efficient than conventional drug research and development, our approach is novel. Although we obtained FDA approval for IGALMI^TM, because our approach is novel, the cost and time needed to develop our product candidates is difficult to predict, and our efforts may not result in the discovery and development of commercially viable medicines. We may also be incorrect about the effects of our product candidates on the diseases of our defined patient populations, which may limit the utility of our approach or the perception of the utility of our approach. Furthermore, our estimates of our defined patient populations available for study and treatment may be lower than expected, which could adversely affect our ability to conduct clinical trials and may also adversely affect the size of any market for medicines we may successfully commercialize. Our approach may not result in time savings, higher success rates or reduced costs as we expect it to, and if not, we may not attract collaborators or develop new drugs as quickly or cost effectively as expected and therefore we may not be able to commercialize our approach as originally expected.

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BioXcel LLC’s EvolverAI may fail to help us discover and develop additional potential product candidates.

Any drug discovery that we are conducting using BioXcel LLC’s EvolverAI may not be successful in identifying compounds that have commercial value or therapeutic utility. BioXcel LLC’s EvolverAI may initially show promise in identifying potential product candidates, yet fail to yield viable additional product candidates for clinical development or potential commercialization for a number of reasons, including: