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Blackstone Inc. - Quarter Report: 2019 June (Form 10-Q)

10-Q
Table of Contents
 
     
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549
FORM
10-Q
(Mark One)
QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 FOR THE QUARTERLY PERIOD ENDED JUNE 30, 2019
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
OR
TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 FOR THE TRANSITION PERIOD FROM
    
    
    
 TO
    
    
    
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Commission File Number:
001-33551
 
The Blackstone Group Inc.
(Exact name of Registrant as specified in its charter)
     
Delaware
(State or other jurisdiction of
incorporation or organization)
 
20-8875684
(I.R.S. Employer
Identification No.)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
345 Park Avenue
New York, New York 10154
(Address of principal executive offices)(Zip Code)
(
212
)
583-5000
(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)
 
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
         
Title of each class
 
  Trading Symbol(s)  
 
Name of each exchange on which registered
Class A
Common Stock
 
BX
 
New York Stock Exchange
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the Registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.                    Yes
No
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation
S-T
(§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files).                                                                                        Yes
No
Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a
non-accelerated
filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule
12b-2
of the Exchange Act.
             
Large accelerated filer
 
 
Accelerated filer
Non-accelerated
filer
 
 
Smaller reporting company 
 
 
 
Emerging growth company
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act.
Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule
12b-2
of the Exchange Act). Yes
No
The number of the Registrant’s voting Class A Common Stock outstanding as of August 2, 2019 was
661,410,926
.
 
     
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Table of Contents
 
Table of Contents
             
 
 
Page
 
Part I.
     
 
             
Item 1.
     
5
 
             
 
Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements:
   
 
             
     
5
 
             
     
7
 
             
     
8
 
             
     
9
 
             
     
13
 
             
     
15
 
             
Item 1A.
     
66
 
             
Item 2.
     
68
 
             
Item 3.
     
131
 
             
Item 4.
     
135
 
             
Part II.
     
 
             
Item 1.
     
136
 
             
Item 1A.
     
137
 
             
Item 2.
     
137
 
             
Item 3.
     
138
 
             
Item 4.
     
138
 
             
Item 5.
     
138
 
             
Item 6.
     
138
 
         
   
140
 
 
 
 
1
 
 
 
 
Table of Contents
 
Forward-Looking Statements
This report may contain forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933 and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 which reflect our current views with respect to, among other things, our operations, taxes, earnings and financial performance, share repurchases and dividends. You can identify these forward-looking statements by the use of words such as “outlook,” “indicator,” “believes,” “expects,” “potential,” “continues,” “may,” “will,” “should,” “seeks,” “approximately,” “predicts,” “intends,” “plans,” “estimates,” “anticipates” or the negative version of these words or other comparable words. Such forward-looking statements are subject to various risks and uncertainties. Accordingly, there are or will be important factors that could cause actual outcomes or results to differ materially from those indicated in these statements. We believe these factors include but are not limited to those described under the section entitled “Risk Factors” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018, in our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2019 and in this report, as such factors may be updated from time to time in our periodic filings with the United States Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”), which are accessible on the SEC’s website at www.sec.gov. These factors should not be construed as exhaustive and should be read in conjunction with the other cautionary statements that are included in this report and in our other periodic filings. The forward-looking statements speak only as of the date of this report, and we undertake no obligation to publicly update or review any forward-looking statement, whether as a result of new information, future developments or otherwise.
Website and Social Media Disclosure
We use our website (www.blackstone.com), Facebook page (www.facebook.com/blackstone), Twitter (www.twitter.com/blackstone), LinkedIn (www.linkedin.com/company/blackstonegroup), Instagram (www.instagram.com/blackstone), SoundCloud (www.soundcloud.com/blackstone-300250613), PodBean (www.blackstone.podbean.com), Spotify (https://open.spotify.com/show/1PqaIgd12KgRN8rlijBhE7) and YouTube (www.youtube.com/user/blackstonegroup) accounts as channels of distribution of company information. The information we post through these channels may be deemed material. Accordingly, investors should monitor these channels, in addition to following our press releases, SEC filings and public conference calls and webcasts. In addition, you may automatically receive email alerts and other information about Blackstone when you enroll your email address by visiting the “Contact Us/Email Alerts” section of our website at http://ir.blackstone.com. The contents of our website, any alerts and social media channels are not, however, a part of this report.
 
Effective July 1, 2019, The Blackstone Group L.P. converted from a Delaware limited partnership to a Delaware corporation, The Blackstone Group Inc. (the “Conversion”). This report includes the results for The Blackstone Group L.P. prior to the Conversion and for the quarter ended June 30, 2019. In this report, references to “Blackstone,” the “Corporation,” the “Partnership,” “we,” “us” or “our” refer to (a) The Blackstone Group Inc. and its consolidated subsidiaries following the Conversion and (b) The Blackstone Group L.P. and its consolidated subsidiaries prior to the Conversion. Unless the context otherwise requires, references in this report to the ownership of Mr. Stephen A. Schwarzman, our founder, and other Blackstone personnel include the ownership of personal planning vehicles and family members of these individuals. All references to shares or per share amounts prior to the Conversion refer to units or per unit amounts. See “Part I. Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations – Conversion to a Corporation.”
“Blackstone Funds,” “our funds” and “our investment funds” refer to the private equity funds, real estate funds, funds of hedge funds, hedge funds, credit-focused funds, collateralized loan obligations (“CLO”), real estate investment trusts and registered investment companies that are managed by Blackstone. “Our carry funds” refers to the private equity funds, real estate funds and certain of the hedge fund solutions and credit-focused funds (with multi-year drawdown, commitment-based structures that only pay carry on the realization of an investment) that are managed by Blackstone. We refer to our general corporate private equity funds as Blackstone Capital Partners (“BCP”) funds, our energy-focused private equity funds as Blackstone Energy Partners (“BEP”) funds, our core private equity fund as Blackstone Core Equity Partners (“BCEP”), our opportunistic investment platform that
 
2
 
 
Table of Contents
 
invests globally across asset classes, industries and geographies as Blackstone Tactical Opportunities (“Tactical Opportunities”), our secondary fund of funds business as Strategic Partners Fund Solutions (“Strategic Partners”), our infrastructure-focused funds as Blackstone Infrastructure Partners (“BIP”), our life sciences private investment platform, Blackstone Life Sciences (“BXLS”), our multi-asset investment program for eligible high net worth investors offering exposure to certain of our key illiquid investment strategies through a single commitment as Blackstone Total Alternatives Solution (“BTAS”) and our capital markets services business as Blackstone Capital Markets (“BXCM”). We refer to our real estate opportunistic funds as Blackstone Real Estate Partners (“BREP”) funds and our real estate debt investment funds as Blackstone Real Estate Debt Strategies (“BREDS”) funds. We refer to our core+ real estate funds, which target substantially stabilized assets in prime markets, as Blackstone Property Partners (“BPP”) funds. We refer to our real estate investment trusts as “REITs”, to Blackstone Mortgage Trust, Inc., our NYSE-listed REIT, as “BXMT”, and to Blackstone Real Estate Income Trust, Inc., our non-exchange traded REIT, as “BREIT”. “Our hedge funds” refers to our funds of hedge funds, hedge funds, certain of our real estate debt investment funds, including a registered investment company, and certain other credit-focused funds which are managed by Blackstone. “BIS” refers to Blackstone Insurance Solutions, which partners with insurers to deliver bespoke, capital-efficient investments tailored to each insurer’s needs and risk profile.
“Assets Under Management” refers to the assets we manage. Our Assets Under Management equals the sum of:
  (a) the fair value of the investments held by our carry funds and our side-by-side and co-investment entities managed by us, plus (1) the capital that we are entitled to call from investors in those funds and entities pursuant to the terms of their respective capital commitments, including capital commitments to funds that have yet to commence their investment periods, or (2) for certain credit-focused funds the amounts available to be borrowed under asset based credit facilities,
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  (b) the net asset value of (1) our hedge funds and real estate debt carry funds, BPP, certain co-investments managed by us, and our Hedge Fund Solutions and certain credit-focused carry and drawdown funds (plus, in each case, the capital that we are entitled to call from investors in those funds, including commitments yet to commence their investment periods), and (2) our funds of hedge funds, our Hedge Fund Solutions registered investment companies, and BREIT,
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  (c) the invested capital, fair value or net asset value of assets we manage pursuant to separately managed accounts,
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  (d) the amount of debt and equity outstanding for our CLOs during the reinvestment period,
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  (e) the aggregate par amount of collateral assets, including principal cash, for our CLOs after the reinvestment period,
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  (f) the gross or net amount of assets (including leverage where applicable) for our credit-focused registered investment companies, and
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  (g) the fair value of common stock, preferred stock, convertible debt, or similar instruments issued by BXMT.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Our carry funds are commitment-based drawdown structured funds that do not permit investors to redeem their interests at their election. Our funds of hedge funds, hedge funds, funds structured like hedge funds and other open ended funds in our Hedge Fund Solutions, Credit and Real Estate segments generally have structures that afford an investor the right to withdraw or redeem their interests on a periodic basis (for example, annually or quarterly), typically with 30 to 95 days’ notice, depending on the fund and the liquidity profile of the underlying assets. Investment advisory agreements related to certain separately managed accounts in our Hedge Fund Solutions and Credit segments, excluding our BIS separately managed accounts, may generally be terminated by an investor on 30 to 90 days’ notice.
 
3
 
 
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“Fee-Earning Assets Under Management” refers to the assets we manage on which we derive management fees and/or performance revenues. Our Fee-Earning Assets Under Management equals the sum of:
  (a) for our Private Equity segment funds and Real Estate segment carry funds including certain BREDS and Hedge Fund Solutions funds, the amount of capital commitments, remaining invested capital, fair value, net asset value or par value of assets held, depending on the fee terms of the fund,
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  (b) for our credit-focused carry funds, the amount of remaining invested capital (which may include leverage) or net asset value, depending on the fee terms of the fund,
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  (c) the remaining invested capital or fair value of assets held in co-investment vehicles managed by us on which we receive fees,
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  (d) the net asset value of our funds of hedge funds, hedge funds, BPP, certain co-investments managed by us, certain registered investment companies, BREIT, and certain of our Hedge Fund Solutions drawdown funds,
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  (e) the invested capital, fair value of assets or the net asset value we manage pursuant to separately managed accounts,
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  (f) the net proceeds received from equity offerings and accumulated core earnings of BXMT, subject to certain adjustments,
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  (g) the aggregate par amount of collateral assets, including principal cash, of our CLOs, and
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  (h) the gross amount of assets (including leverage) or the net assets (plus leverage where applicable) for certain of our credit-focused registered investment companies.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Each of our segments may include certain Fee-Earning Assets Under Management on which we earn performance revenues but not management fees.
Our calculations of assets under management and fee-earning assets under management may differ from the calculations of other asset managers, and as a result this measure may not be comparable to similar measures presented by other asset managers. In addition, our calculation of assets under management includes commitments to, and the fair value of, invested capital in our funds from Blackstone and our personnel, regardless of whether such commitments or invested capital are subject to fees. Our definitions of assets under management and fee-earning assets under management are not based on any definition of assets under management and fee-earning assets under management that is set forth in the agreements governing the investment funds that we manage.
For our carry funds, total assets under management includes the fair value of the investments held and uncalled capital commitments, whereas fee-earning assets under management includes the total amount of capital commitments or the remaining amount of invested capital at cost depending on whether the investment period has expired or as specified by the fee terms of the fund. As such, fee-earning assets under management may be greater than total assets under management when the aggregate fair value of the remaining investments is less than the cost of those investments.
“Perpetual Capital” refers to the component of assets under management with an indefinite term, that is not in liquidation, and for which there is no requirement to return capital to investors through redemption requests in the ordinary course of business, except where funded by new capital inflows. Perpetual Capital includes co-investment capital with an investor right to convert into Perpetual Capital.
This report does not constitute an offer of any Blackstone Fund.
 
4
 
 
 
Part I.    Financial Information
Item 1.
Financial Statements
 
 
The Blackstone Group L.P.
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition (Unaudited)
(Dollars in Thousands, Except Unit Data)
 
                 
 
June 30,
 
December 31,
 
 
2019
 
2018
 
Assets
   
     
 
Cash and Cash Equivalents
  $           
1,484,444
    $           
2,207,841
 
Cash Held by Blackstone Funds and Other
   
324,609
     
337,320
 
Investments (including assets pledged of $267,910 and $279,502 at June 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively)
   
22,242,040
     
20,377,031
 
Accounts Receivable
   
802,066
     
636,238
 
Due from Affiliates
   
2,211,737
     
1,994,123
 
Intangible Assets, Net
   
433,007
     
468,507
 
Goodwill
   
1,869,860
     
1,869,860
 
Other Assets
   
354,253
     
294,248
 
Right-of-Use
Assets
   
507,065
     
 
Deferred Tax Assets
   
743,132
     
739,482
 
                 
Total Assets
   $
30,972,213
     $
28,924,650
 
                 
                 
Liabilities and Partners’ Capital
   
     
 
Loans Payable
   $
10,676,138
     $
9,951,862
 
Due to Affiliates
   
1,081,899
     
1,035,776
 
Accrued Compensation and Benefits
   
3,308,595
     
2,942,128
 
Securities Sold, Not Yet Purchased
   
128,512
     
142,617
 
Repurchase Agreements
   
207,676
     
222,202
 
Operating Lease Liabilities
   
574,619
     
 
Accounts Payable, Accrued Expenses and Other Liabilities
   
929,688
     
875,979
 
                 
Total Liabilities
   
16,907,127
     
15,170,564
 
                 
                 
Commitments and Contingencies
   
     
 
                 
Redeemable
Non-Controlling
Interests in Consolidated Entities
   
101,310
     
141,779
 
                 
                 
Partners’ Capital
   
     
 
The Blackstone Group L.P. Partners’ Capital
   
     
 
Partners’ Capital (common units: 660,588,369 issued and outstanding as of June 30, 2019; 663,212,830 issued and outstanding as of December 31, 2018)
   
6,335,897
     
6,415,700
 
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss
   
(27,542
)    
(36,476
)
                 
Total The Blackstone Group L.P. Partners’ Capital
   
6,308,355
     
6,379,224
 
Non-Controlling
Interests in Consolidated Entities
   
3,869,303
     
3,648,766
 
Non-Controlling
Interests in Blackstone Holdings
   
3,786,118
     
3,584,317
 
                 
Total Partners’ Capital
   
13,963,776
     
13,612,307
 
                 
Total Liabilities and Partners’ Capital
   $
30,972,213
     $
28,924,650
 
                 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
continued...
See notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.
 
5
 
 
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The Blackstone Group L.P.
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition (Unaudited)
(Dollars in Thousands)
 
   
The following presents the portion of the consolidated balances presented above attributable to consolidated Blackstone Funds which are variable interest entities. The following assets may only be used to settle obligations of these consolidated Blackstone Funds and these liabilities are only the obligations of these consolidated Blackstone Funds and they do not have recourse to the general credit of Blackstone.
                                                               
 
June 30,
 
December 31,
 
 
2019
 
2018
 
Assets
   
     
 
Cash Held by Blackstone Funds and Other
  $     
324,609
    $     
337,030
 
Investments
   
8,623,436
     
8,363,669
 
Accounts Receivable
   
369,978
     
179,863
 
Due from Affiliates
   
16,774
     
6,303
 
Other Assets
   
599
     
3,880
 
                 
Total Assets
   $
9,335,396
     $
8,890,745
 
                 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Liabilities
   
     
 
Loans Payable
   $
6,536,220
     $
6,480,711
 
Due to Affiliates
   
173,544
     
129,370
 
Securities Sold, Not Yet Purchased
   
82,174
     
92,603
 
Repurchase Agreements
   
207,676
     
222,202
 
Accounts Payable, Accrued Expenses and Other Liabilities
   
410,715
     
252,176
 
                 
Total Liabilities
   $
7,410,329
     $
7,177,062
 
                 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
See notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.
  
6
 
 
Table of Contents
 
The Blackstone Group L.P.
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations (Unaudited)
(Dollars in Thousands, Except Unit and Per Unit Data)
 
 
 
                                 
 
Three Months Ended
 
Six Months Ended
 
June 30,
 
June 30,
 
2019
 
2018
 
2019
 
2018
 
Revenues
   
     
     
     
 
Management and Advisory Fees, Net
  $    
840,378
    $    
721,384
    $    
1,650,104
    $    
1,450,233
 
                                 
Incentive Fees
   
21,915
     
19,378
     
34,047
     
31,944
 
                                 
Investment Income (Loss)
   
     
     
     
 
Performance Allocations
   
     
     
     
 
Realized
   
332,520
     
503,376
     
574,895
     
773,016
 
Unrealized
   
157,732
     
440,351
     
821,731
     
1,068,440
 
Principal Investments
   
     
     
     
 
Realized
   
145,040
     
129,197
     
218,301
     
171,342
 
Unrealized
   
(37,345
)    
103,468
     
131,699
     
215,242
 
                                 
Total Investment Income
   
597,947
     
1,176,392
     
1,746,626
     
2,228,040
 
                                 
Interest and Dividend Revenue
   
43,686
     
40,073
     
87,770
     
75,458
 
Other
   
(17,120
)    
675,343
     
(6,870
)    
616,026
 
                                 
Total Revenues
   
1,486,806
     
2,632,570
     
3,511,677
     
4,401,701
 
                                 
Expenses
   
     
     
     
 
Compensation and Benefits
   
     
     
     
 
Compensation
   
438,521
     
427,479
     
909,918
     
816,882
 
Incentive Fee Compensation
   
8,886
     
9,743
     
14,292
     
16,405
 
Performance Allocations Compensation
   
     
     
     
 
Realized
   
125,825
     
186,398
     
212,220
     
298,460
 
Unrealized
   
64,518
     
189,991
     
351,533
     
444,426
 
                                 
Total Compensation and Benefits
   
637,750
     
813,611
     
1,487,963
     
1,576,173
 
General, Administrative and Other
   
175,308
     
145,828
     
321,370
     
272,541
 
Interest Expense
   
43,596
     
39,320
     
85,598
     
77,991
 
Fund Expenses
   
5,586
     
17,622
     
8,473
     
72,607
 
                                 
Total Expenses
   
862,240
     
1,016,381
     
1,903,404
     
1,999,312
 
                                 
Other Income
   
     
     
     
 
Net Gains from Fund Investment Activities
   
61,131
     
73,519
     
191,456
     
184,118
 
                                 
Income Before Provision for Taxes
   
685,697
     
1,689,708
     
1,799,729
     
2,586,507
 
Provision for Taxes
   
38,736
     
138,731
     
79,891
     
193,226
 
                                 
Net Income
   
646,961
     
1,550,977
     
1,719,838
     
2,393,281
 
Net Income (Loss) Attributable to Redeemable
Non-Controlling
Interests in Consolidated Entities
   
1,095
     
905
     
3,575
     
(370
)
Net Income Attributable to
Non-Controlling
Interests in Consolidated Entities
   
80,744
     
129,078
     
267,577
     
284,577
 
Net Income Attributable to
Non-Controlling
Interests in Blackstone Holdings
   
259,330
     
678,952
     
661,590
     
999,160
 
                                 
Net Income Attributable to The Blackstone Group L.P.
   $
305,792
     $
742,042
     $
787,096
     $
1,109,914
 
                                 
                                 
Net Income Per Common Unit
   
     
     
     
 
Common Units, Basic
   $
0.45
     $
1.09
     $
1.17
     $
1.64
 
                                 
Common Units, Diluted
   $
0.45
     $
1.09
     $
1.16
     $
1.63
 
                                 
                                 
Weighted-Average Common Units Outstanding
   
     
     
     
 
Common Units, Basic
   
673,655,305
     
681,794,492
     
674,079,074
     
678,156,936
 
                                 
Common Units, Diluted
   
673,985,944
     
682,010,610
     
1,200,592,276
     
1,210,727,948
 
                                 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
See notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.
  
7
 
 
Table of Contents
 
 
The Blackstone Group L.P.
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Unaudited)
(Dollars in Thousands)
 
 
                                 
 
Three Months Ended
June 30,
 
Six Months Ended
June 30,
 
2019
 
2018
 
2019
 
2018
 
Net Income
  $   
646,961
    $   
1,550,977
    $   
1,719,838
    $   
2,393,281
 
Other Comprehensive Income (Loss), Net of Tax - Currency Translation Adjustment
   
8,753
     
(30,674
)    
15,936
     
(26,248
)
                                 
Comprehensive Income
   
655,714
     
1,520,303
     
1,735,774
     
2,367,033
 
Less:
   
     
     
     
 
Comprehensive Income (Loss) Attributable to Redeemable
Non-Controlling
Interests in Consolidated Entities
   
1,095
     
905
     
3,575
     
(370
)
Comprehensive Income Attributable to
Non-Controlling
Interests in Consolidated Entities
   
80,744
     
129,077
     
267,577
     
282,187
 
Comprehensive Income Attributable to
Non-Controlling
Interests in Blackstone Holdings
   
263,195
     
678,952
     
668,592
     
999,160
 
                                 
Comprehensive Income Attributable to The Blackstone Group L.P.
   $
310,680
     $
711,369
     $
796,030
     $
1,086,056
 
                                 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
See notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.
 
8
 
 
Table of Contents
 
The Blackstone Group L.P.
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Changes in Partners’ Capital (Unaudited)
(Dollars in Thousands, Except Unit Data)
 
                                                                 
 
 
The Blackstone Group L.P.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Accumulated
 
 
 
 
 
Redeemable
 
 
 
 
Other
 
 
Non-
 
Non-
 
 
Non-
 
 
 
 
Compre-
 
 
Controlling
 
Controlling
 
 
Controlling
 
 
 
 
hensive
 
 
Interests in
 
Interests in
 
Total
 
Interests in
 
 
Common
 
Partners’
 
Income
 
 
Consolidated
 
Blackstone
 
Partners’
 
Consolidated
 
 
Units
 
Capital
 
(Loss)
 
Total
 
Entities
 
Holdings
 
Capital
 
Entities
 
Balance at March 31, 2019
   
665,331,887
   
 $   
6,501,072
   
 $   
(32,430
)
 
 $   
6,468,642
   
 $   
3,852,346
   
 $   
3,688,772
   
 $   
14,009,760
   
 $
136,941
 
Net Income
   
     
305,792
     
     
305,792
     
80,744
     
259,330
     
645,866
     
1,095
 
Currency Translation Adjustment
   
     
     
4,888
     
4,888
     
     
3,865
     
8,753
     
 
Capital Contributions
   
     
     
     
     
129,771
     
     
129,771
     
 
Capital Distributions
   
     
(248,947
)
   
     
(248,947
)
   
(193,522
)
   
(204,430
)
   
(646,899
)
   
(36,726
)
Transfer of
Non-Controlling
Interests in Consolidated Entities
   
     
     
     
     
(36
)
   
     
(36
)
   
 
Deferred Tax Effects Resulting from Acquisition of Ownership Interests from
Non-Controlling
Interest Holders
   
     
2,849
     
     
2,849
     
     
     
2,849
     
 
Equity-Based Compensation
   
     
49,341
     
     
49,341
     
     
38,801
     
88,142
     
 
Net Delivery of Vested Blackstone Holdings Partnership Units and Blackstone Common Units
   
41,256
     
(1,362
)
   
     
(1,362
)
   
     
(3
)
   
(1,365
)
   
 
Repurchase of Common Units and Blackstone Holdings Partnership Units
   
(6,555,885
)
   
(273,065
)
   
     
(273,065
)
   
     
     
(273,065
)
   
 
Change in The Blackstone Group L.P.’s Ownership Interest
   
     
(12,305
)
   
     
(12,305
)
   
     
12,305
     
     
 
Conversion of Blackstone Holdings Partnership Units to Blackstone Common Units
   
1,771,111
     
12,522
     
     
12,522
     
     
(12,522
)
   
     
 
                                                                 
Balance at June 30, 2019
   
660,588,369
   
 $
6,335,897
   
 $
(27,542
)
 
 $
6,308,355
   
 $
3,869,303
   
 $
3,786,118
   
 $
13,963,776
   
 $
101,310
 
                                                                 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
continued...
See notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.
 
 
9
 
 
Table of Contents 
 
The Blackstone Group L.P.
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Changes in Partners’ Capital (Unaudited)
(Dollars in Thousands, Except Unit Data)
 
    
 
 
 
                        
 
 
 
                        
 
 
 
                        
 
 
 
                        
 
 
 
                        
 
 
 
                        
 
 
 
                        
 
 
 
                        
 
 
 
The Blackstone Group L.P.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Accumulated
 
 
 
 
 
Redeemable
 
 
 
 
Other
 
 
Non-
 
Non-
 
 
Non-
 
 
 
 
Compre-
 
 
Controlling
 
Controlling
 
 
Controlling
 
 
 
 
hensive
 
 
Interests in
 
Interests in
 
Total
 
Interests in
 
 
Common
 
Partners’
 
Income
 
 
Consolidated
 
Blackstone
 
Partners’
 
Consolidated
 
 
Units
 
Capital
 
(Loss)
 
Total
 
Entities
 
Holdings
 
Capital
 
Entities
 
Balance at March 31, 2018
 
 
666,812,752
 
 
$
6,541,409
 
 
$
(27,203
)
 
 $
6,514,206
 
 
$
3,333,954
 
 
$
3,467,639
 
 
$
13,315,799
 
 
$
209,010
 
Net Income
 
 
 
 
 
742,042
 
 
 
 
 
 
742,042
 
 
 
129,078
 
 
 
678,952
 
 
 
1,550,072
 
 
 
905
 
Currency Translation Adjustment
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(30,673
)
 
 
(30,673
)
 
 
(1
)
 
 
 
 
 
(30,674
)
 
 
 
Capital Contributions
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
200,623
 
 
 
 
 
 
200,623
 
 
 
 
Capital Distributions
 
 
 
 
 
(236,200
)
 
 
 
 
 
(236,200
)
 
 
(170,252
)
 
 
(190,405
)
 
 
(596,857
)
 
 
(51,116
)
Transfer of
Non-Controlling
Interests in Consolidated Entities
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(781
)
 
 
 
 
 
(781
)
 
 
 
Deferred Tax Effects Resulting from Acquisition of Ownership Interests from
Non-Controlling
Interest Holders
 
 
 
 
 
7,402
 
 
 
 
 
 
7,402
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
7,402
 
 
 
 
Equity-Based Compensation
 
 
 
 
 
59,080
 
 
 
 
 
 
59,080
 
 
 
 
 
 
46,798
 
 
 
105,878
 
 
 
 
Net Delivery of Vested Blackstone Holdings Partnership Units and Blackstone Common Units
 
 
(45,059
)
 
 
(2,626
)
 
 
 
 
 
(2,626
)
 
 
 
 
 
(354
)
 
 
(2,980
)
 
 
 
Repurchase of Common Units and Blackstone Holdings Partnership Units
 
 
(2,200,000
)
 
 
(71,685
)
 
 
 
 
 
(71,685
)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(71,685
)
 
 
 
Change in The Blackstone Group L.P.’s Ownership Interest
 
 
 
 
 
6,959
 
 
 
 
 
 
6,959
 
 
 
 
 
 
(6,959
)
 
 
 
 
 
 
Conversion of Blackstone Holdings Partnership Units to Blackstone Common Units
 
 
8,976,389
 
 
 
58,844
 
 
 
 
 
 
58,844
 
 
 
 
 
 
(58,844
)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Balance at June 30, 2018
 
 
673,544,082
 
 
$
7,105,225
 
 
$
(57,876
)
 
$
7,047,349
 
 
$
3,492,621
 
 
$
3,936,827
 
 
$
14,476,797
 
 
$
158,799
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
continued...
 
See notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.
 
10
 
 
Table of Contents
 
The Blackstone Group L.P.
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Changes in Partners’ Capital (Unaudited)
(Dollars in Thousands, Except Unit Data)
 
  
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         
 
 
The Blackstone Group L.P.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Accumulated
 
 
 
 
 
Redeemable
 
 
 
 
Other
 
 
Non-
 
Non-
 
 
Non-
 
 
 
 
Compre-
 
 
Controlling
 
Controlling
 
 
Controlling
 
 
 
 
hensive
 
 
Interests in
 
Interests in
 
Total
 
Interests in
 
 
Common
 
Partners’
 
Income
 
 
Consolidated
 
Blackstone
 
Partners’
 
Consolidated
 
 
Units
 
Capital
 
(Loss)
 
Total
 
Entities
 
Holdings
 
Capital
 
Entities
 
Balance at December 31, 2018
 
 
663,212,830
 
 
$
6,415,700
 
 
$
(36,476
)
 
$
6,379,224
 
 
$
3,648,766
 
 
$
3,584,317
 
 
$
13,612,307
 
 
$
141,779
 
Net Income
 
 
 
 
 
787,096
 
 
 
 
 
 
787,096
 
 
 
267,577
 
 
 
661,590
 
 
 
1,716,263
 
 
 
3,575
 
Currency Translation Adjustment
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
8,934
 
 
 
8,934
 
 
 
 
 
 
7,002
 
 
 
15,936
 
 
 
 
Capital Contributions
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
289,276
 
 
 
 
 
 
289,276
 
 
 
 
Capital Distributions
 
 
 
 
 
(639,210
)
 
 
 
 
 
(639,210
)
 
 
(335,020
)
 
 
(544,476
)
 
 
(1,518,706
)
 
 
(44,044
)
Transfer of
Non-Controlling
Interests in Consolidated Entities
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(1,296
)
 
 
 
 
 
(1,296
)
 
 
 
Deferred Tax Effects Resulting from Acquisition of Ownership Interests from
Non-Controlling
Interest Holders
 
 
 
 
 
5,016
 
 
 
 
 
 
5,016
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
5,016
 
 
 
 
Equity-Based Compensation
 
 
 
 
 
101,200
 
 
 
 
 
 
101,200
 
 
 
 
 
 
79,613
 
 
 
180,813
 
 
 
 
Net Delivery of Vested Blackstone Holdings Partnership Units and Blackstone Common Units
 
 
1,853,730
 
 
 
(10,613
)
 
 
 
 
 
(10,613
)
 
 
 
 
 
(6
)
 
 
(10,619
)
 
 
 
Repurchase of Common Units and Blackstone Holdings Partnership Units
 
 
(8,100,000
)
 
 
(325,214
)
 
 
 
 
 
(325,214
)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(325,214
)
 
 
 
Change in The Blackstone Group L.P.’s Ownership Interest
 
 
 
 
 
(23,270
)
 
 
 
 
 
(23,270
)
 
 
 
 
 
23,270
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Conversion of Blackstone Holdings Partnership Units to Blackstone Common Units
 
 
3,621,809
 
 
 
25,192
 
 
 
 
 
 
25,192
 
 
 
 
 
 
(25,192
)
 
 
 
 
 
 
                                                                 
Balance at June 30, 2019
 
 
660,588,369
 
 
$
6,335,897
 
 
$
(27,542
)
 
$
6,308,355
 
 
$
3,869,303
 
 
$
3,786,118
 
 
$
13,963,776
 
 
$
101,310
 
                                                                 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
continued...
See notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.
 
11
 
 
 
 
Table of Contents
 
The Blackstone Group L.P.
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Changes in Partners’ Capital (Unaudited)
(Dollars in Thousands, Except Unit Data)
 
  
                                                                 
 
 
The Blackstone Group L.P.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Accumulated
 
 
 
 
 
Redeemable
 
 
 
 
Other
 
 
Non-
 
Non-
 
 
Non-
 
 
 
 
Compre-
 
 
Controlling
 
Controlling
 
 
Controlling
 
 
 
 
hensive
 
 
Interests in
 
Interests in
 
Total
 
Interests in
 
 
Common
 
Partners’
 
Income
 
 
Consolidated
 
Blackstone
 
Partners’
 
Consolidated
 
 
Units
 
Capital
 
(Loss)
 
Total
 
Entities
 
Holdings
 
Capital
 
Entities
 
Balance at December 31, 2017
 
 
659,526,093
 
 
$        
6,668,511
 
 
$
(34,018
)
 
$         
6,634,493
 
 
$        
3,253,148
 
 
$        
3,624,506
 
 
$        
13,512,147
 
 
$
210,944
 
Transfer Out Due to Deconsolidation of Fund Entities
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(197,091
)
 
 
 
 
 
(197,091
)
 
 
 
Net Income (Loss)
 
 
 
 
 
1,109,914
 
 
 
 
 
 
1,109,914
 
 
 
284,577
 
 
 
999,160
 
 
 
2,393,651
 
 
 
(370
)
Currency Translation Adjustment
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(23,858
)
 
 
(23,858
)
 
 
(2,390
)
 
 
 
 
 
(26,248
)
 
 
 
Capital Contributions
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
424,132
 
 
 
 
 
 
424,132
 
 
 
1,100
 
Capital Distributions
 
 
 
 
 
(806,770
)
 
 
 
 
 
(806,770
)
 
 
(291,963
)
 
 
(682,564
)
 
 
(1,781,297
)
 
 
(52,875
)
Transfer of
Non-Controlling
Interests in Consolidated Entities
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
22,208
 
 
 
 
 
 
22,208
 
 
 
 
Deferred Tax Effects Resulting from Acquisition of Ownership Interests from
Non-Controlling
Interest Holders
 
 
 
 
 
10,922
 
 
 
 
 
 
10,922
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
10,922
 
 
 
 
Equity-Based Compensation
 
 
 
 
 
100,519
 
 
 
 
 
 
100,519
 
 
 
 
 
 
79,900
 
 
 
180,419
 
 
 
 
Net Delivery of Vested Blackstone Holdings Partnership Units and Blackstone Common Units
 
 
3,032,372
 
 
 
(14,496
)
 
 
 
 
 
(14,496
)
 
 
 
 
 
(835
)
 
 
(15,331
)
 
 
 
Repurchase of Blackstone Common Units and Blackstone Holdings Partnership Units
 
 
(2,200,000
)
 
 
(71,685
)
 
 
 
 
 
(71,685
)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(71,685
)
 
 
 
Change in The Blackstone Group L.P.’s Ownership Interest
 
 
 
 
 
835
 
 
 
 
 
 
835
 
 
 
 
 
 
(835
)
 
 
 
 
 
 
Conversion of Blackstone Holdings Partnership Units to Blackstone Common Units
 
 
12,434,878
 
 
 
82,505
 
 
 
 
 
 
82,505
 
 
 
 
 
 
(82,505
)
 
 
 
 
 
 
Issuance of Blackstone Common Units
 
 
750,739
 
 
 
24,970
 
 
 
 
 
 
24,970
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
24,970
 
 
 
 
                                                                 
Balance at June 30, 2018
 
 
673,544,082
 
 
$
7,105,225
 
 
$
(57,876
)
 
$
7,047,349
 
 
$
3,492,621
 
 
$
3,936,827
 
 
$
14,476,797
 
 
$
158,799
 
                                                                 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
See notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.
 
12
 
 
Table of Contents
 
The Blackstone Group L.P.
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (Unaudited)
(Dollars in Thousands)
 
 
                 
 
Six Months Ended June 
30,
 
2019
 
2018
 
Operating Activities
   
     
 
Net Income
 
$       
1,719,838
   
$       
2,393,281
 
Adjustments to Reconcile Net Income to Net Cash Provided by (Used in) Operating Activities
   
     
 
Blackstone Funds Related
   
     
 
Net Realized Gains on Investments
   
(817,759
)
   
(995,992
)
Changes in Unrealized Gains on Investments
   
(243,959
)
   
(290,232
)
Non-Cash
Performance Allocations
   
(821,731
)
   
(1,068,440
)
Non-Cash
Performance Allocations and Incentive Fee Compensation
   
574,630
     
757,064
 
Equity-Based Compensation Expense
   
223,979
     
208,994
 
Amortization of Intangibles
   
35,500
     
28,984
 
Other
Non-Cash
Amounts Included in Net Income
   
2,332
     
172,435
 
Cash Flows Due to Changes in Operating Assets and Liabilities
   
     
 
Cash Acquired with Consolidation of Fund Entity
   
     
31,422
 
Cash Relinquished with Deconsolidation of Fund Entities
   
     
(899,959
)
Accounts Receivable
   
(23,512
)
   
(8,030
)
Due from Affiliates
   
(198,164
)
   
(330,468
)
Other Assets
   
(37,961
)
   
(29,640
)
Accrued Compensation and Benefits
   
(251,331
)
   
(417,051
)
Securities Sold, Not Yet Purchased
   
(18,851
)
   
5,005
 
Accounts Payable, Accrued Expenses and Other Liabilities
   
(271,284
)
   
(476,348
)
Repurchase Agreements
   
(14,526
)
   
63,649
 
Due to Affiliates
   
19,638
     
31,306
 
Investments Purchased
   
(4,208,546
)
   
(9,706,998
)
Cash Proceeds from Sale of Investments
   
4,626,572
     
7,870,341
 
                 
Net Cash Provided by (Used in) Operating Activities
   
294,865
     
(2,660,677
)
                 
Investing Activities
   
     
 
Purchase of Furniture, Equipment and Leasehold Improvements
   
(33,524
)
   
(8,898
)
                 
Net Cash Used in Investing Activities
   
(33,524
)
   
(8,898
)
                 
Financing Activities
   
     
 
Distributions to
Non-Controlling
Interest Holders in Consolidated Entities
   
(347,836
)
   
(338,849
)
Contributions from
Non-Controlling
Interest Holders in Consolidated Entities
   
288,119
     
421,801
 
Payments Under Tax Receivable Agreement
   
(84,640
)
   
 
Net Settlement of Vested Common Units and Repurchase of Common and Blackstone Holdings Partnership Units
   
(335,833
)
   
(87,016
)
Proceeds from Loans Payable
   
668,640
     
3,218,399
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
continued...        
See notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.
 
13
  
 
Table of Contents
  
The Blackstone Group L.P.
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (Unaudited)
(Dollars in Thousands)
 
 
                 
 
Six Months Ended June 
30,
 
2019
 
2018
 
Financing Activities (Continued)
   
     
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Repayment and Repurchase of Loans Payable
 
 $     
(1,886
)
 
 $
(1,004,660
)
Distributions to Unitholders
   
(1,183,686
)
   
(1,489,334
)
                 
Net Cash Provided by (Used in) Financing Activities
   
(997,122
)
   
720,341
 
                 
Effect of Exchange Rate Changes on Cash and Cash Equivalents and Cash Held by Blackstone Funds and Other
   
(327
)
   
11,671
 
                 
Cash and Cash Equivalents and Cash Held by Blackstone Funds and Other
   
     
 
Net Decrease
   
(736,108
)
   
(1,937,563
)
Beginning of Period
   
2,545,161
     
3,936,489
 
                 
End of Period
 
 $
1,809,053
   
 $
1,998,926
 
                 
                 
Supplemental Disclosure of Cash Flows Information
   
     
 
Payments for Interest
 
 $
86,095
   
 $
84,040
 
                 
Payments for Income Taxes
 
 $
45,966
   
 $
109,944
 
                 
Supplemental Disclosure of
Non-Cash
Investing and Financing Activities
   
     
 
Non-Cash
Contributions from
Non-Controlling
Interest Holders
 
 $
233
   
 $
 
                 
Non-Cash
Distributions to
Non-Controlling
Interest Holders
 
 $
(31,228
)
 
 $
(5,924
)
Notes Issuance Costs
 
$     
5,409
 
 
 
$
 
                 
Transfer of Interests to
Non-Controlling
Interest Holders
 
 $
(1,296
)
 
 $
22,208
 
                 
Change in The Blackstone Group L.P.’s Ownership Interest
 
 $
(23,270
)
 
 $
835
 
                 
Net Settlement of Vested Common Units
 
 $
59,302
 
 
 $
100,861
 
                 
Conversion of Blackstone Holdings Units to Common Units
 
 $
25,192
 
 
 $
82,505
 
                 
Acquisition of Ownership Interests from
Non-Controlling
Interest Holders
 
 
 
 
 
 
Deferred Tax Asset
 
 $
(31,248
)
 
 $
(74,130
)
                 
Due to Affiliates
 
 $
26,232
 
 
 $
63,208
 
                 
Partners’ Capital
 
 $
5,016
 
 
 $
10,922
 
                 
Issuance of New Units
 
 $
 
 
 $
24,970
 
                 
   
The following table provides a reconciliation of Cash and Cash Equivalents and Cash Held by Blackstone Funds and Other reported within the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition:
 
           
 
June 
30,
 
December 
31,
 
 
2019
 
2018
 
Cash and Cash Equivalents
 
 $
1,484,444
 
 
 $
2,207,841
 
Cash Held by Blackstone Funds and Other
 
 
324,609
 
 
 
337,320
 
                 
 
 $
1,809,053
 
 
 $
2,545,161
 
                 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
See notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.
 
14
 
 
Table of Contents
 
The Blackstone Group L.P.
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)
(All Dollars Are in Thousands, Except Unit and Per Unit Data, Except Where Noted)
 
1.    Organization
Effective July 1, 2019, The Blackstone Group L.P. converted from a Delaware limited partnership to a Delaware corporation, The Blackstone Group Inc. (the “Conversion”). This report includes results of The Blackstone Group L.P. prior to the Conversion and for the quarter ended June 30, 2019. In this report, references to “Blackstone,” the “Corporation” or the “Partnership” refer to (a) The Blackstone Group Inc. and its consolidated subsidiaries following the Conversion and (b) The Blackstone Group L.P. and its consolidated subsidiaries prior to the Conversion. All references to shares or per share amounts prior to the Conversion refer to units or per unit amounts.
Blackstone, together with its subsidiaries, is a leading global manager of private capital. The alternative asset management business includes the management of private equity funds, real estate funds, real estate investment trusts (“REITs”), funds of hedge funds, hedge funds, credit-focused funds, collateralized loan obligation (“CLO”) vehicles, separately managed accounts and registered investment companies (collectively referred to as the “Blackstone Funds”). Blackstone’s business is organized into four segments: Real Estate, Private Equity, Hedge Fund Solutions and Credit.
Blackstone was formed on March 12, 2007, and, until the Conversion, was managed and operated by Blackstone Group Management L.L.C., which is in turn wholly owned by Blackstone’s senior managing directors and controlled by one of Blackstone’s founders, Stephen A. Schwarzman (the “Founder”). The activities of Blackstone are conducted through its holding partnerships: Blackstone Holdings I L.P., Blackstone Holdings AI L.P., Blackstone Holdings II L.P., Blackstone Holdings III L.P. and Blackstone Holdings IV L.P. (collectively, “Blackstone Holdings”, “Blackstone Holdings Partnerships” or the “Holding Partnerships”). Blackstone, through its wholly owned subsidiaries, is the sole general partner in each of these Holding Partnerships.
Generally, holders of the limited partner interests in the Holding Partnerships may, four times each year, exchange their limited partnership interests (“Partnership Units”) for Blackstone common units, on a
one-to-one
basis, exchanging one Partnership Unit from each of the Holding Partnerships for one Blackstone common unit.
2.    Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
 
Basis of Presentation
The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements of Blackstone have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”) for interim financial information and the instructions to Form
 10-Q.
The condensed consolidated financial statements, including these notes, are unaudited and exclude some of the disclosures required in audited financial statements. Management believes it has made all necessary adjustments (consisting of only normal recurring items) so that the condensed consolidated financial statements are presented fairly and that estimates made in preparing its condensed consolidated financial statements are reasonable and prudent. The operating results presented for interim periods are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for any other interim period or for the entire year. These condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements included in Blackstone
’s Annual Report on Form
 10-K
for the year ended December 
31
2018
filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission.
The condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of
Blackstone
, its wholly owned or majority-owned subsidiaries, the consolidated entities which are considered to be variable interest entities and for which
Blackstone
 is considered the primary beneficiary, and certain partnerships or similar entities which are not considered variable interest entities but in which the general partner is
determined
to have control.
All intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.
Restructurings within consolidated CLOs are treated as investment purchases or sales, as applicable, in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows.
 
15
 
  
 
Table of Contents
 
The Blackstone Group L.P.
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited)
- Continued
(All Dollars Are in Thousands, Except Unit and Per Unit Data, Except Where Noted)
 
 
Consolidation
Blackstone consolidates all entities that it controls through a majority voting interest or otherwise, including those Blackstone Funds in which the general partner has a controlling financial interest. Blackstone has a controlling financial interest in Blackstone Holdings because the limited partners do not have the right to dissolve the partnerships or have substantive
kick-out
rights or participating rights that would overcome the control held by Blackstone. Accordingly, Blackstone consolidates Blackstone Holdings and records
non-controlling
interests to reflect the economic interests of the limited partners of Blackstone Holdings.
In addition,
Blackstone
consolidates all variable interest entities (“VIE”) in which it is the primary beneficiary. An enterprise is determined to be the primary beneficiary if it holds a controlling financial interest. A controlling financial interest is defined as (a) the power to direct the activities of a VIE that most significantly impact the entity’s economic performance and (b) the obligation to absorb losses of the entity or the right to receive benefits from the entity that could potentially be significant to the VIE. The consolidation guidance requires an analysis to determine (a) whether an entity in which
Blackstone
holds a variable interest is a VIE and (b) whether
Blackstone
’s involvement, through holding interests directly or indirectly in the entity or contractually through other variable interests, would give it a controlling financial interest. Performance of that analysis requires the exercise of judgment.
Blackstone
determines whether it is the primary beneficiary of a VIE at the time it becomes involved with a variable interest entity and continuously reconsiders that conclusion. In determining whether
Blackstone
is the primary beneficiary, Blackstone evaluates its control rights as well as economic interests in the entity held either directly or indirectly by
Blackstone
. The consolidation analysis can generally be performed qualitatively; however, if it is not readily apparent that
Blackstone
is not the primary beneficiary, a quantitative analysis may also be performed. Investments and redemptions (either by
Blackstone
, affiliates of
Blackstone
or third parties) or amendments to the governing documents of the respective Blackstone Funds could affect an entity’s status as a VIE or the determination of the primary beneficiary. At each reporting date,
Blackstone
assesses whether it is the primary beneficiary and will consolidate or deconsolidate accordingly.
Assets of consolidated VIEs that can only be used to settle obligations of the consolidated VIE and liabilities of a consolidated VIE for which creditors (or beneficial interest holders) do not have recourse to the general credit of Blackstone are presented in a separate section in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition.
Blackstone’s other disclosures regarding VIEs are discussed in Note 9. “Variable Interest Entities”.
Revenue Recognition
Revenues primarily consist of management and advisory fees, incentive fees, investment income, interest and dividend revenue and other.
Management and advisory fees and incentive fees are accounted for as contracts with customers. Under the guidance for contracts with customers, an entity is required to (a) identify the contract(s) with a customer, (b) identify the performance obligations in the contract, (c) determine the transaction price, (d) allocate the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract, and (e) recognize revenue when (or as) the entity satisfies a performance obligation. In determining the transaction price, an entity may include variable consideration only to the extent that it is probable that a significant reversal in the amount of cumulative revenue recognized would not occur when the uncertainty associated with the variable consideration is resolved. See Note 19. “Segment Reporting” for a disaggregated presentation of revenues from contracts with customers.
Investment Income represents the unrealized and realized gains and losses on
Blackstone
’s Performance Allocations and Principal Investments. Interest and Dividend Revenue comprises primarily interest and dividend income earned on principal investments held by
Blackstone
. Other Revenue consists of miscellaneous income and foreign exchange gains and losses arising on transactions denominated in currencies other than U.S. dollars.
 
16
 
 
 
Table of Contents
 
The Blackstone Group L.P.
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited)
- Continued
(All Dollars Are in Thousands, Except Unit and Per Unit Data, Except Where Noted)
 
  
Management and Advisory Fees, Net
— Management and Advisory Fees, Net are comprised of management fees, including base management fees, transaction and other fees and advisory fees net of management fee reductions and offsets.
Blackstone earns base management fees from limited partners of funds in each of its managed funds, at a fixed percentage of assets under management, net asset value, total assets, committed capital or invested capital. These customer contracts require Blackstone to provide investment management services, which represents a performance obligation that Blackstone satisfies over time. Management fees are a form of variable consideration because the fees Blackstone is entitled to vary based on fluctuations in the basis for the management fee. The amount recorded as revenue is generally determined at the end of the period because these management fees are payable on a regular basis (typically quarterly) and are not subject to clawback once paid.
Transaction, advisory and other fees (including monitoring fees) are principally fees charged to the limited partners of funds indirectly through the managed funds and portfolio companies. The investment advisory agreements generally require that the investment adviser reduce the amount of management fees payable by the limited partners to Blackstone (“management fee reductions”) by an amount equal to a portion of the transaction and other fees paid to Blackstone by the portfolio companies. The amount of the reduction varies by fund, the type of fee paid by the portfolio company and the previously incurred expenses of the fund. These fees and associated management fee reductions are a component of the transaction price for Blackstone’s performance obligation to provide investment management services to the limited partners of funds and are recognized as changes to the transaction price in the period in which they are charged and the services are performed.
Management fee offsets are reductions to management fees payable by the limited partners of the Blackstone Funds, which are based on the amount such limited partners reimburse the Blackstone Funds or Blackstone primarily for placement fees. Providing investment management services requires Blackstone to arrange for services on behalf of its customers. In those situations where Blackstone is acting as an agent on behalf of the limited partners of funds, it presents the cost of services as net against management fee revenue. In all other situations, Blackstone is primarily responsible for fulfilling the services and is therefore acting as a principal for those arrangements. As a result, the cost of those services is presented gross as Compensation or General, Administrative and Other expense, as appropriate, with any reimbursement from the limited partners of the funds recorded as Management and Advisory Fees, Net.
Accrued but unpaid Management and Advisory Fees, net of management fee reductions and management fee offsets, as of the reporting date are included in Accounts Receivable or Due from Affiliates in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition.
Incentive Fees
— Contractual fees earned based on the performance of Blackstone Funds (“Incentive Fees”) are a form of variable consideration in Blackstone’s contracts with customers to provide investment management services. Incentive Fees are earned based on fund performance during the period, subject to the achievement of minimum return levels, or high water marks, in accordance with the respective terms set out in each fund’s governing agreements. Incentive Fees will not be recognized as revenue until (a) it is probable that a significant reversal in the amount of cumulative revenue recognized will not occur, or (b) the uncertainty associated with the variable consideration is subsequently resolved. Incentive Fees are typically recognized as revenue when realized at the end of the measurement period. Once realized, such fees are not subject to clawback or reversal. Accrued but unpaid Incentive Fees charged directly to investors in Blackstone Funds as of the reporting date are recorded within Due from Affiliates in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition.
Investment Income (Loss)
— Investment Income (Loss) represents the unrealized and realized gains and losses on Blackstone’s Performance Allocations and Principal Investments.
In certain fund structures across private equity, real estate, hedge fund solutions and credit-focused funds (“carry funds”), Blackstone, through its subsidiaries, invests alongside its limited partners in a partnership and is entitled to its pro-rata share of the results of the fund (a “pro-rata allocation”). In addition to a pro-rata allocation,
 
17
 
  
Table of Contents
 
The Blackstone Group L.P.
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited)
- Continued
(All Dollars Are in Thousands, Except Unit and Per Unit Data, Except Where Noted)
 
 
and assuming certain investment returns are achieved, Blackstone is entitled to a disproportionate allocation of the income otherwise allocable to the limited partners, commonly referred to as carried interest (“Performance Allocations”).
Performance Allocations are made to the general partner based on cumulative fund performance to date, subject to a preferred return to limited partners. At the end of each reporting period, Blackstone calculates the balance of accrued Performance Allocations (“Accrued Performance Allocations”) that would be due to Blackstone for each fund, pursuant to the fund agreements, as if the fair value of the underlying investments were realized as of such date, irrespective of whether such amounts have been realized. As the fair value of underlying investments varies between reporting periods, it is necessary to make adjustments to amounts recorded as Accrued Performance Allocations to reflect either (a) positive performance resulting in an increase in the Accrued Performance Allocation to the general partner or (b) negative performance that would cause the amount due to Blackstone to be less than the amount previously recognized as revenue, resulting in a negative adjustment to the Accrued Performance Allocation to the general partner. In each scenario, it is necessary to calculate the Accrued Performance Allocation on cumulative results compared to the Accrued Performance Allocation recorded to date and make the required positive or negative adjustments. Blackstone ceases to record negative Performance Allocations once previously Accrued Performance Allocations for such fund have been fully reversed. Blackstone is not obligated to pay guaranteed returns or hurdles, and therefore, cannot have negative Performance Allocations over the life of a fund. Accrued Performance Allocations as of the reporting date are reflected in Investments in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition.
Performance Allocations are realized when an underlying investment is profitably disposed of and the fund’s cumulative returns are in excess of the preferred return or, in limited instances, after certain thresholds for return of capital are met. Performance Allocations are subject to clawback to the extent that the Performance Allocation received to date exceeds the amount due to Blackstone based on cumulative results. As such, the accrual for potential repayment of previously received Performance Allocations, which is a component of Due to Affiliates, represents all amounts previously distributed to Blackstone Holdings and non-controlling interest holders that would need to be repaid to the Blackstone carry funds if the Blackstone carry funds were to be liquidated based on the current fair value of the underlying funds’ investments as of the reporting date. The actual clawback liability, however, generally does not become realized until the end of a fund’s life except for certain funds, including certain Blackstone real estate funds, multi-asset class investment funds and credit-focused funds, which may have an interim clawback liability.
Principal Investments include the unrealized and realized gains and losses on Blackstone’s principal investments, including its investments in Blackstone Funds that are not consolidated and receive pro-rata allocations, its equity method investments, and other principal investments. Income (Loss) on Principal Investments is realized when Blackstone redeems all or a portion of its investment or when Blackstone receives cash income, such as dividends or distributions. Unrealized Income (Loss) on Principal Investments results from changes in the fair value of the underlying investment as well as the reversal of unrealized gain (loss) at the time an investment is realized.
Interest and Dividend Revenue
— Interest and Dividend Revenue comprises primarily interest and dividend income earned on principal investments not accounted for under the equity method held by Blackstone.
Other Revenue
— Other Revenue consists of miscellaneous income and foreign exchange gains and losses arising on transactions denominated in currencies other than U.S. dollars.
Fair Value of Financial Instruments
GAAP establishes a hierarchical disclosure framework which prioritizes and ranks the level of market price observability used in measuring financial instruments at fair value. Market price observability is affected by a number of factors, including the type of financial instrument, the characteristics specific to the financial instrument and the state of the marketplace, including the existence and transparency of transactions between market
 
18
 
 
 
Table of Contents
 
The Blackstone Group L.P.
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited)
- Continued
(All Dollars Are in Thousands, Except Unit and Per Unit Data, Except Where Noted)
 
 
participants. Financial instruments with readily available quoted prices in active markets generally will have a higher degree of market price observability and a lesser degree of judgment used in measuring fair value.
Financial instruments measured and reported at fair value are classified and disclosed based on the observability of inputs used in the determination of fair values, as follows:
Level I – Quoted prices are available in active markets for identical financial instruments as of the reporting date. The types of financial instruments in Level I include listed equities, listed derivatives and mutual funds with quoted prices. Blackstone does not adjust the quoted price for these investments, even in situations where Blackstone holds a large position and a sale could reasonably impact the quoted price.
 
 
 
 
 
Level II – Pricing inputs are other than quoted prices in active markets, which are either directly or indirectly observable as of the reporting date, and fair value is determined through the use of models or other valuation methodologies. Financial instruments which are generally included in this category include corporate bonds and loans, including corporate bonds and loans held within CLO vehicles, government and agency securities, less liquid and restricted equity securities, and certain over-the-counter derivatives where the fair value is based on observable inputs. Senior and subordinated notes issued by CLO vehicles are classified within Level II of the fair value hierarchy.
 
 
 
 
 
Level III – Pricing inputs are unobservable for the financial instruments and includes situations where there is little, if any, market activity for the financial instrument. The inputs into the determination of fair value require significant management judgment or estimation. Financial instruments that are included in this category generally include general and limited partnership interests in private equity and real estate funds, credit-focused funds, distressed debt and non-investment grade residual interests in securitizations, certain corporate bonds and loans held within CLO vehicles, and certain over-the-counter derivatives where the fair value is based on unobservable inputs.
 
 
 
 
 
In certain cases, the inputs used to measure fair value may fall into different levels of the fair value hierarchy. In such cases, the determination of which category within the fair value hierarchy is appropriate for any given financial instrument is based on the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement. Blackstone’s assessment of the significance of a particular input to the fair value measurement in its entirety requires judgment and considers factors specific to the financial instrument.
Level II Valuation Techniques
Financial instruments classified within Level II of the fair value hierarchy comprise debt instruments, including certain corporate loans and bonds held by Blackstone’s consolidated CLO vehicles and debt securities sold, not yet purchased. Certain equity securities and derivative instruments valued using observable inputs are also classified as Level II.
The valuation techniques used to value financial instruments classified within Level II of the fair value hierarchy are as follows:
Debt Instruments and Equity Securities are valued on the basis of prices from an orderly transaction between market participants provided by reputable dealers or pricing services. In determining the value of a particular investment, pricing services may use certain information with respect to transactions in such investments, quotations from dealers, pricing matrices and market transactions in comparable investments and various relationships between investments. The valuation of certain equity securities is based on an observable price for an identical security adjusted for the effect of a restriction.
 
 
 
 
 
Freestanding Derivatives are valued using contractual cash flows and observable inputs comprising yield curves, foreign currency rates and credit spreads.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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Table of Contents
 
The Blackstone Group L.P.
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited)
- Continued
(All Dollars Are in Thousands, Except Unit and Per Unit Data, Except Where Noted)
 
 
Senior and subordinate notes issued by CLO vehicles are classified based on the more observable fair value of CLO assets less (a) the fair value of any beneficial interests held by Blackstone, and (b) the carrying value of any beneficial interests that represent compensation for services.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Level III Valuation Techniques
In the absence of observable market prices, Blackstone values its investments using valuation methodologies applied on a consistent basis. For some investments little market activity may exist; management’s determination of fair value is then based on the best information available in the circumstances, and may incorporate management’s own assumptions and involves a significant degree of judgment, taking into consideration a combination of internal and external factors, including the appropriate risk adjustments for
non-performance
and liquidity risks. Investments for which market prices are not observable include private investments in the equity of operating companies, real estate properties, certain funds of hedge funds and credit-focused investments.
Real Estate Investments –
The fair values of real estate investments are determined by considering projected operating cash flows, sales of comparable assets, if any, and replacement costs, among other measures. The methods used to estimate the fair value of real estate investments include the discounted cash flow method and/or capitalization rates (“cap rates”) analysis. Valuations may be derived by reference to observable valuation measures for comparable companies or assets (for example, multiplying a key performance metric of the investee company or asset, such as EBITDA, by a relevant valuation multiple observed in the range of comparable companies or transactions), adjusted by management for differences between the investment and the referenced comparables, and in some instances by reference to option pricing models or other similar methods. Where a discounted cash flow method is used, a terminal value is derived by reference to an exit EBITDA multiple or capitalization rate. Additionally, where applicable, projected distributable cash flow-through debt maturity will be considered in support of the investment’s fair value.
Private Equity Investments –
The fair values of private equity investments are determined by reference to projected net earnings, earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization (“EBITDA”), the discounted cash flow method, public market or private transactions, valuations for comparable companies and other measures which, in many cases, are based on unaudited information at the time received. Valuations may be derived by reference to observable valuation measures for comparable companies or transactions (for example, multiplying a key performance metric of the investee company, such as EBITDA, by a relevant valuation multiple observed in the range of comparable companies or transactions), adjusted by management for differences between the investment and the referenced comparables, and in some instances by reference to option pricing models or other similar methods. Where a discounted cash flow method is used, a terminal value is derived by reference to EBITDA or price/earnings exit multiples.
Credit-Focused Investments
– The fair values of credit-focused investments are generally determined on the basis of prices between market participants provided by reputable dealers or pricing services. For credit-focused investments that are not publicly traded or whose market prices are not readily available, Blackstone may utilize other valuation techniques, including the discounted cash flow method or a market approach. The discounted cash flow method projects the expected cash flows of the debt instrument based on contractual terms, and discounts such cash flows back to the valuation date using a market-based yield. The market-based yield is estimated using yields of publicly traded debt instruments issued by companies operating in similar industries as the subject investment, with similar leverage statistics and time to maturity.
The market approach is generally used to determine the enterprise value of the issuer of a credit investment, and considers valuation multiples of comparable companies or transactions. The resulting enterprise value will dictate whether or not such credit investment has adequate enterprise value coverage. In cases of distressed credit instruments, the market approach may be used to estimate a recovery value in the event of a restructuring.
 
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Table of Contents
 
The Blackstone Group L.P.
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited)
- Continued
(All Dollars Are in Thousands, Except Unit and Per Unit Data, Except Where Noted)
 
 
Investments, at Fair Value
The Blackstone Funds are accounted for as investment companies under the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants Accounting and Auditing Guide,
Investment Companies
, and in accordance with the GAAP guidance on investment companies and reflect their investments, including majority-owned and controlled investments (the “Portfolio Companies”), at fair value. Such consolidated funds’ investments are reflected in Investments on the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition at fair value, with unrealized gains and losses resulting from changes in fair value reflected as a component of Net Gains from Fund Investment Activities in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations. Fair value is the amount that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability, in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date, at current market conditions (i.e., the exit price).
Blackstone’s principal investments are presented at fair value with unrealized appreciation or depreciation and realized gains and losses recognized in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations within Investment Income (Loss).
For certain instruments, Blackstone has elected the fair value option. Such election is irrevocable and is applied on an investment by investment basis at initial recognition. Blackstone has applied the fair value option for certain loans and receivables and certain investments in private debt securities that otherwise would not have been carried at fair value with gains and losses recorded in net income. The methodology for measuring the fair value of such investments is consistent with the methodology applied to private equity, real estate, credit-focused and funds of hedge funds investments. Changes in the fair value of such instruments are recognized in Investment Income (Loss) in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations. Interest income on interest bearing loans and receivables and debt securities on which the fair value option has been elected is based on stated coupon rates adjusted for the accretion of purchase discounts and the amortization of purchase premiums. This interest income is recorded within Interest and Dividend Revenue.
Blackstone has elected the fair value option for the assets of consolidated CLO vehicles. As permitted under GAAP, Blackstone measures the liabilities of consolidated CLO vehicles as (a) the sum of the fair value of the consolidated CLO assets and the carrying value of any non-financial assets held temporarily, less (b) the sum of the fair value of any beneficial interests retained by Blackstone (other than those that represent compensation for services) and Blackstone’s carrying value of any beneficial interests that represent compensation for services. As a result of this measurement alternative, there is no attribution of amounts to Non-Controlling Interests for consolidated CLO vehicles. Assets of the consolidated CLOs are presented within Investments within the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition and Liabilities within Loans Payable for the amounts due to unaffiliated third parties and Due to Affiliates for the amounts held by non-consolidated affiliates. Changes in the fair value of consolidated CLO assets and liabilities and related interest, dividend and other income are presented within Net Gains from Fund Investment Activities. Expenses of consolidated CLO vehicles are presented in Fund Expenses.
Blackstone has elected the fair value option for certain proprietary investments that would otherwise have been accounted for using the equity method of accounting. The fair value of such investments is based on quoted prices in an active market or using the discounted cash flow method. Changes in fair value are recognized in Investment Income (Loss) in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations.
Further disclosure on instruments for which the fair value option has been elected is presented in Note 7. “Fair Value Option”.
The investments of consolidated Blackstone Funds in funds of hedge funds (“Investee Funds”) are valued at net asset value (“NAV”) per share of the Investee Fund. In limited circumstances, Blackstone may determine, based on its own due diligence and investment procedures, that NAV per share does not represent fair value. In such circumstances, Blackstone will estimate the fair value in good faith and in a manner that it reasonably chooses, in accordance with the requirements of GAAP.
 
 
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Table of Contents
 
The Blackstone Group L.P.
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited)
- Continued
(All Dollars Are in Thousands, Except Unit and Per Unit Data, Except Where Noted)
 
 
Certain investments of Blackstone and of the consolidated Blackstone funds of hedge funds and credit-focused funds measure their investments in underlying funds at fair value using NAV per share without adjustment. The terms of the investee’s investment generally provide for minimum holding periods or lock-ups, the institution of gates on redemptions or the suspension of redemptions or an ability to side-pocket investments, at the discretion of the investee’s fund manager, and as a result, investments may not be redeemable at, or within three months of, the reporting date. A side-pocket is used by hedge funds and funds of hedge funds to separate investments that may lack a readily ascertainable value, are illiquid or are subject to liquidity restriction. Redemptions are generally not permitted until the investments within a side-pocket are liquidated or it is deemed that the conditions existing at the time that required the investment to be included in the side-pocket no longer exist. As the timing of either of these events is uncertain, the timing at which Blackstone may redeem an investment held in a side-pocket cannot be estimated. Further disclosure on instruments for which fair value is measured using NAV per share is presented in Note 5. “Net Asset Value as Fair Value”.
Security and loan transactions are recorded on a trade date basis.
Equity Method Investments
Investments in which Blackstone is deemed to exert significant influence, but not control, are accounted for using the equity method of accounting except in cases where the fair value option has been elected. Blackstone has significant influence over all Blackstone Funds in which it invests but does not consolidate. Therefore, its investments in such Blackstone Funds, which include both a proportionate and disproportionate allocation of the profits and losses (as is the case with carry funds that include a Performance Allocation), are accounted for under the equity method. Under the equity method of accounting, Blackstone’s share of earnings (losses) from equity method investments is included in Investment Income (Loss) in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations.
In cases where Blackstone’s equity method investments provide for a disproportionate allocation of the profits and losses (as is the case with carry funds that include a Performance Allocation), Blackstone’s share of earnings (losses) from equity method investments is determined using a balance sheet approach referred to as the hypothetical liquidation at book value (“HLBV”) method. Under the HLBV method, at the end of each reporting period, Blackstone calculates the Accrued Performance Allocations that would be due to Blackstone for each fund pursuant to the fund agreements as if the fair value of the underlying investments were realized as of such date, irrespective of whether such amounts have been realized. As the fair value of underlying investments varies between reporting periods, it is necessary to make adjustments to amounts recorded as Accrued Performance Allocations to reflect either (a) positive performance resulting in an increase in the Accrued Performance Allocation to the general partner, or (b) negative performance that would cause the amount due to Blackstone to be less than the amount previously recognized as revenue, resulting in a negative adjustment to the Accrued Performance Allocation to the general partner. In each scenario, it is necessary to calculate the Accrued Performance Allocation on cumulative results compared to the Accrued Performance Allocation recorded to date and make the required positive or negative adjustments. Blackstone ceases to record negative Performance Allocations once previously Accrued Performance Allocations for such fund have been fully reversed. Blackstone is not obligated to pay guaranteed returns or hurdles, and therefore, cannot have negative Performance Allocations over the life of a fund. The carrying amounts of equity method investments are reflected in Investments in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition.
Results from Blackstone’s investments in Strategic Partners funds are reported on a three month lag.
Compensation and Benefits
Compensation and Benefits
Compensation
— Compensation consists of (a) salary and bonus, and benefits paid and payable to employees and senior managing directors and (b) equity-based compensation associated with the grants of equity-based awards to employees and senior managing directors. Compensation cost relating to the issuance of equity-based awards to senior managing directors and employees is measured at fair value at the grant
 
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The Blackstone Group L.P.
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited)
- Continued
(All Dollars Are in Thousands, Except Unit and Per Unit Data, Except Where Noted)
 
 
date, and expensed over the vesting period on a straight-line basis, taking into consideration expected forfeitures, except in the case of (a) equity-based awards that do not require future service, which are expensed immediately, and (b) certain awards to recipients that meet criteria making them eligible for retirement (allowing such recipient to keep a percentage of those awards upon departure from Blackstone after becoming eligible for retirement), for which the expense for the portion of the award that would be retained in the event of retirement is either expensed immediately or amortized to the retirement date. Cash settled equity-based awards are classified as liabilities and are remeasured at the end of each reporting period.
Compensation and Benefits 
— Incentive Fee Compensation 
Incentive Fee Compensation consists of compensation paid based on Incentive Fees.
Compensation and Benefits 
— Performance Allocations Compensation 
Performance Allocation Compensation consists of compensation paid based on Performance Allocations (which may be distributed in cash or in-kind). Such compensation expense is subject to both positive and negative adjustments. Unlike Performance Allocations, compensation expense is based on the performance of individual investments held by a fund rather than on a fund by fund basis. These amounts may also include allocations of investment income from Blackstone’s principal investments, to senior managing directors and employees participating in certain profit sharing initiatives.
Reverse Repurchase and Repurchase Agreements
Securities purchased under agreements to resell (“reverse repurchase agreements”) and securities sold under agreements to repurchase (“repurchase agreements”), comprised primarily of U.S. and non-U.S. government and agency securities, asset-backed securities and corporate debt, represent collateralized financing transactions. Such transactions are recorded in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition at their contractual amounts and include accrued interest. The carrying value of reverse repurchase and repurchase agreements approximates fair value.
Blackstone manages credit exposure arising from reverse repurchase agreements and repurchase agreements by, in appropriate circumstances, entering into master netting agreements and collateral arrangements with counterparties that provide Blackstone, in the event of a counterparty default, the right to liquidate collateral and the right to offset a counterparty’s rights and obligations.
Blackstone takes possession of securities purchased under reverse repurchase agreements and is permitted to repledge, deliver or otherwise use such securities. Blackstone also pledges its financial instruments to counterparties to collateralize repurchase agreements. Financial instruments pledged that can be repledged, delivered or otherwise used by the counterparty are recorded in Investments in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition. Additional disclosures relating to repurchase agreements are discussed in Note 10. “Repurchase Agreements”.
Blackstone does not offset assets and liabilities relating to reverse repurchase agreements and repurchase agreements in its Condensed Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition. Additional disclosures relating to offsetting are discussed in Note 11. “Offsetting of Assets and Liabilities”.
Securities Sold, Not Yet Purchased
Securities Sold, Not Yet Purchased consist of equity and debt securities that Blackstone has borrowed and sold. Blackstone is required to “cover” its short sale in the future by purchasing the security at prevailing market prices and delivering it to the counterparty from which it borrowed the security. Blackstone is exposed to loss in the event that the price at which a security may have to be purchased to cover a short sale exceeds the price at which the borrowed security was sold short.
Securities Sold, Not Yet Purchased are recorded at fair value in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition.
 
23
 
 
Table of Contents
 
The Blackstone Group L.P.
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited)
- Continued
(All Dollars Are in Thousands, Except Unit and Per Unit Data, Except Where Noted)
 
 
Derivative Instruments
Blackstone recognizes all derivatives as assets or liabilities on its Condensed Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition at fair value. On the date Blackstone enters into a derivative contract, it designates and documents each derivative contract as one of the following: (a) a hedge of a recognized asset or liability (“fair value hedge”), (b) a hedge of a forecasted transaction or of the variability of cash flows to be received or paid related to a recognized asset or liability (“cash flow hedge”), (c) a hedge of a net investment in a foreign operation, or (d) a derivative instrument not designated as a hedging instrument (“freestanding derivative”). For a fair value hedge, Blackstone records changes in the fair value of the derivative and, to the extent that it is highly effective, changes in the fair value of the hedged asset or liability attributable to the hedged risk, in current period earnings in General, Administrative and Other in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations. Changes in the fair value of derivatives designated as hedging instruments caused by factors other than changes in the risk being hedged, which are excluded from the assessment of hedge effectiveness, are recognized in current period earnings. Gains or losses on a derivative instrument that is designated as, and is effective as, an economic hedge of a net investment in a foreign operation are reported in the cumulative translation adjustment section of other comprehensive income to the extent it is effective as a hedge. The ineffective portion of a net investment hedge is recognized in current period earnings.
Blackstone formally documents at inception its hedge relationships, including identification of the hedging instruments and the hedged items, its risk management objectives, strategy for undertaking the hedge transaction and Blackstone’s evaluation of effectiveness of its hedged transaction. At least monthly, Blackstone also formally assesses whether the derivative it designated in each hedging relationship is expected to be, and has been, highly effective in offsetting changes in estimated fair values or cash flows of the hedged items using either the regression analysis or the dollar offset method. For net investment hedges, Blackstone uses a method based on changes in spot rates to measure effectiveness. If it is determined that a derivative is not highly effective at hedging the designated exposure, hedge accounting is discontinued. Blackstone may also at any time remove a designation of a fair value hedge. The fair values of hedging derivative instruments are reflected within Other Assets in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition.
For freestanding derivative contracts, Blackstone presents changes in fair value in current period earnings. Changes in the fair value of derivative instruments held by consolidated Blackstone Funds are reflected in Net Gains from Fund Investment Activities or, where derivative instruments are held by Blackstone, within Investment Income (Loss) in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations. The fair value of freestanding derivative assets of the consolidated Blackstone Funds are recorded within Investments, the fair value of freestanding derivative assets that are not part of the consolidated Blackstone Funds are recorded within Other Assets and the fair value of freestanding derivative liabilities are recorded within Accounts Payable, Accrued Expenses and Other Liabilities in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition.
Blackstone has elected to not offset derivative assets and liabilities or financial assets in its Condensed Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition, including cash, that may be received or paid as part of collateral arrangements, even when an enforceable master netting agreement is in place that provides Blackstone, in the event of counterparty default, the right to liquidate collateral and the right to offset a counterparty’s rights and obligations.
Blackstone’s other disclosures regarding derivative financial instruments are discussed in Note 6. “Derivative Financial Instruments”.
Blackstone’s disclosures regarding offsetting are discussed in Note 11. “Offsetting of Assets and Liabilities”.
Leases
Blackstone determines if an arrangement is a lease at inception of the arrangement. Blackstone primarily enters into operating leases, as the lessee, for office space. Operating leases are included in
Right-of-Use
(“ROU”) Assets and Operating Lease Liabilities on our Condensed Consolidated Statement of Financial Condition. ROU
 
24
 
 
Table of Contents
 
The Blackstone Group L.P.
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited)
- Continued
(All Dollars Are in Thousands, Except Unit and Per Unit Data, Except Where Noted)
 
 
Assets and Operating Lease Liabilities are recognized based on the present value of the future minimum lease payments over the lease term at the commencement date. Blackstone determines the present value of the lease payments using an incremental borrowing rate based on information available at the inception date. Leases may include options to extend or terminate the lease which are included in the ROU Assets and Operating Lease Liability when they are reasonably certain of exercise.
Certain leases include lease and nonlease components, which are accounted for as one single lease component. Occupancy lease agreements, in addition to contractual rent payments, generally include additional payments for certain costs incurred by the landlord, such as building expenses and utilities. To the extent these are fixed or determinable, they are included as part of the minimum lease payments used to measure the Operating Lease Liability. Operating lease expense associated with minimum lease payments is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term. When additional payments are based on usage or vary based on other factors, they are expensed when incurred as variable lease expense.
Minimum lease payments for leases with an initial term of twelve months or less are not recorded on the Condensed Consolidated Statement of Financial Condition. Blackstone recognizes lease expense for these leases on a straight-line basis over the lease term.
Affiliates
Blackstone considers its Founder, senior managing directors, employees, the Blackstone Funds and the Portfolio Companies to be affiliates.
Distributions
Distributions are reflected in the condensed consolidated financial statements when declared.
Recent Accounting Developments
In February 2016, the Financial Accounting Standards Board issued amended guidance on the accounting for leases. The new guidance was effective for Blackstone beginning January 1, 2019 and was adopted on a modified retrospective basis. Blackstone elected to apply the guidance to each lease that had commenced as of the adoption date. As a result, periods prior to January 1, 2019 are presented in accordance with previous GAAP. Blackstone also elected a package of practical expedients which resulted in no requirement to reassess (a) whether any expired or existing contracts are or contain leases, (b) the lease classification for any expired or existing leases and (c) the recognition requirements for initial direct costs for any existing leases. Blackstone also elected a practical expedient to account for lease and nonlease components as a single lease component. Short-term leases, which have a stated lease term of twelve months or less, have been excluded from the Operating Lease Liability and ROU Assets as a result of a policy election made by Blackstone.
The guidance requires the recognition of lease assets and lease liabilities for those leases previously classified as operating leases and it retains a distinction between finance leases and operating leases. The classification criteria for distinguishing between finance leases and operating leases are similar, but not identical, to the classification criteria for distinguishing between capital leases and operating leases under previous GAAP. For operating leases, a lessee is required to do the following: (a) recognize a
right-of-use
asset and a lease liability, initially measured at the present value of the lease payments, in the Condensed Consolidated Statement of Financial Condition, (b) recognize a single lease cost, calculated so that the cost of the lease is allocated over the lease term on a generally straight-line basis, and (c) classify all cash payments within operating activities in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows. Upon adoption of the new guidance, Blackstone recognized Operating Lease Liabilities of $601.7 million and corresponding ROU Assets of $540.7 million on the Condensed Consolidated Statement of Financial Condition. These amounts were calculated as the present value of remaining lease payments on existing leases as of January 1, 2019, discounted using an incremental borrowing rate for each lease as of the adoption date. The guidance did not have a material impact on the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations or the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows.
 
25
 
 
Table of Contents
 
The Blackstone Group L.P.
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited)
- Continued
(All Dollars Are in Thousands, Except Unit and Per Unit Data, Except Where Noted)
 
 
3.    Intangible Assets
 
Intangible Assets, Net consists of the following:
                                                               
 
June 30,
 
December 31,
 
 
2019
 
2018
 
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets / Contractual Rights
  $
1,712,576
    $
1,712,576
 
Accumulated Amortization
   
(1,279,569
)    
(1,244,069
)
                 
Intangible Assets, Net
  $
433,007
    $
468,507
 
                 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Amortization expense associated with Blackstone’s intangible assets was $17.7 million and $35.5 million for the three and six month periods ended June 30, 2019, respectively, and $14.5 million and $29.0 million for the three and six month periods ended June 30, 2018, respectively.
Amortization of Intangible Assets held at June 30, 2019 is expected to be $71.0 million, $71.0 million, $71.0 million, $63.3 million, and $34.3 million for each of the years ending December 31, 2019, 2020, 2021, 2022 and 2023, respectively. Blackstone’s intangible assets as of June 30, 2019 are expected to amortize over a weighted-average period of 8.2 years.
4.    Investments
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Investments consist of the following:
                                                               
 
June 30,
 
December 31,
 
 
2019
 
2018
 
Investments of Consolidated Blackstone Funds
  $
8,633,794
    $
8,376,338
 
Equity Method Investments
   
     
 
Partnership Investments
   
3,802,565
     
3,649,423
 
Accrued Performance Allocations
   
6,743,542
     
5,883,924
 
Corporate Treasury Investments
   
2,797,908
     
2,206,493
 
Other Investments
   
264,231
     
260,853
 
                 
  $
22,242,040
     $
20,377,031
 
                 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Blackstone’s share of Investments of Consolidated Blackstone Funds totaled $
383.9
 million and $
366.5
 million at June 
30
2019
and December 
31
2018
, respectively. 
 
 
26
 
 
Table of Contents
 
The Blackstone Group L.P.
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited)
- Continued
(All Dollars Are in Thousands, Except Unit and Per Unit Data, Except Where Noted)
 
 
Investments of Consolidated Blackstone Funds
The following table presents the Realized and Net Change in Unrealized Gains (Losses) on investments held by the consolidated Blackstone Funds and a reconciliation to Other Income – Net Gains from Fund Investment Activities in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations:
                                 
 
Three Months Ended
 
Six Months Ended
 
June 30,
 
June 30,
 
2019
 
2018
 
2019
 
2018
 
Realized Gains
  $
5,198
    $
52,236
    $
2,286
    $
34,378
 
Net Change in Unrealized Gains (Losses)
   
6,257
     
(22,278
)    
112,260
     
74,963
 
                                 
Realized and Net Change in Unrealized Gains from Consolidated Blackstone Funds
   
11,455
     
29,958
     
114,546
     
109,341
 
Interest and Dividend Revenue Attributable to Consolidated Blackstone Funds
   
49,676
     
43,561
     
76,910
     
74,777
 
                                 
Other Income - Net Gains from Fund Investment Activities
  $
61,131
    $
73,519
    $
191,456
    $
184,118
 
                                 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Equity Method Investments
Blackstone’s equity method investments include Partnership Investments, which represent the
pro-rata
investments, and any associated Accrued Performance Allocations, in private equity funds, real estate funds, funds of hedge funds and credit-focused funds. Partnership Investments also includes the 40%
non-controlling
interest in Pátria Investments Limited and Pátria Investimentos Ltda. (collectively, “Pátria”).
Blackstone evaluates each of its equity method investments, excluding Accrued Performance Allocations, to determine if any were significant as defined by guidance from the United States Securities and Exchange Commission. As of and for the six months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018, no individual equity method investment held by Blackstone met the significance criteria. As such, Blackstone is not required to present separate financial statements for any of its equity method investments.
Partnership Investments
Blackstone recognized net gains related to its Partnership Investments accounted for under the equity method of $72.3 million and $165.6 million for the three months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively.
Blackstone 
recognized net gains related to its equity method investments of $
227.7
 million and $
328.1
 million for the six months ended June 
30
2019
and
2018
, respectively.
 
27
 
 
Table of Contents
 
The Blackstone Group L.P.
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited)
- Continued
(All Dollars Are in Thousands, Except Unit and Per Unit Data, Except Where Noted)
 
 
Accrued Performance Allocations
Accrued Performance Allocations to Blackstone were as follows:
                                       
 
Real
 
Private
 
Hedge Fund
 
 
 
 
Estate
 
Equity
 
Solutions
 
Credit
 
Total
 
Accrued Performance Allocations, December 31, 2018
  $
2,853,261
    $
2,642,119
    $
22,921
    $
365,623
    $
5,883,924
 
Performance Allocations as a Result of Changes in Fund Fair Values
   
832,342
     
435,425
     
70,690
     
105,164
     
1,443,621
 
Foreign Exchange Loss
   
(3,300
)    
     
     
     
(3,300
)
Fund Distributions
   
(268,978
)    
(291,911
)    
(1,605
)    
(18,209
)    
(580,703
)
                                       
Accrued Performance Allocations, June 30, 2019
  $
3,413,325
    $
2,785,633
    $
92,006
    $
452,578
    $
6,743,542
 
                                       
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Corporate Treasury Investments
The portion of corporate treasury investments included in Investments represents
 Blackstone
’s investments into primarily fixed income securities, mutual fund interests, and other fund interests. These strategies are managed by a combination of Blackstone personnel and third party advisors. The following table presents the Realized and Net Change in Unrealized Gains (Losses) on these investments:
                                 
 
Three Months Ended
 
Six Months Ended
 
June 30,
 
June 30,
 
2019
 
2018
 
2019
 
2018
 
Realized Gains
  $
22,983
    $
4,774
    $
23,300
    $
7,113
 
Net Change in Unrealized Gains (Losses)
   
558
     
(6,702
)    
49,217
     
(14,896
)
                                 
  $
23,541
    $
(1,928
)   $
72,517
    $
(7,783
)
                                 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Other Investments
Other Investments consist primarily of proprietary investment securities held by Blackstone. Other Investments include equity investments without readily determinable fair values which have a carrying value of $48.9 million as of June 30, 2019. The following table presents Blackstone’s Realized and Net Change in Unrealized Gains (Losses) in Other Investments:
                                 
 
Three Months Ended
 
Six Months Ended
 
June 30,
 
June 30,
 
2019
 
2018
 
2019
 
2018
 
Realized Gains
  $
21,491
    $
16,207
    $
45,727
    $
16,319
 
Net Change in Unrealized Gains (Losses)
   
(3,933
)    
49,643
     
6,789
     
45,411
 
                                 
  $
17,558
    $
65,850
    $
52,516
    $
61,730
 
                                 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
28
 
 
Table of Contents
 
The Blackstone Group L.P.
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited)
- Continued
(All Dollars Are in Thousands, Except Unit and Per Unit Data, Except Where Noted)
 
 
5.    Net Asset Value as Fair Value
 
A summary of fair value by strategy type alongside the remaining unfunded commitments and ability to redeem such investments as of June 30, 2019 is presented below:
                                 
 
 
 
Redemption
 
 
 
 
Unfunded
 
Frequency
 
Redemption
 
Strategy
 
Fair Value
 
Commitments
 
(if currently eligible)
 
Notice Period
 
Diversified Instruments
  $        
217,399
    $  
126
     
(a)
     
(a)
 
Credit Driven
   
84,306
     
268
     
(b)
     
(b)
 
Equity
   
36,859
     
     
(c)
     
(c)
 
Commodities
   
1,720
     
     
(d)
     
(d)
 
                                 
  $
340,284
    $
394
     
     
 
                                 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(a) Diversified Instruments include investments in funds that invest across multiple strategies. Investments representing 3% of the fair value of the investments in this category may not be redeemed at, or within three months of, the reporting date. The remaining 97% of investments in this category are redeemable as of the reporting date.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(b) The Credit Driven category includes investments in hedge funds that invest primarily in domestic and international bonds. Investments representing 29% of the fair value of the investments in this category may not be redeemed at, or within three months of, the reporting date. The remaining 71% of investments in this category are redeemable as of the reporting date.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(c) The Equity category includes investments in hedge funds that invest primarily in domestic and international equity securities. Investments representing 100% of the fair value of the investments in this category may not be redeemed at, or within three months of, the reporting date. As of the reporting date, the investee fund manager had elected to side-pocket 12% of Blackstone’s investments in the category.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(d) The Commodities category includes investments in commodities-focused funds that primarily invest in futures and physical-based commodity driven strategies. Investments representing 100% of the fair value of the investments in this category may not be redeemed at, or within three months of, the reporting date.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
6.     Derivative Financial Instruments
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Blackstone and the consolidated Blackstone Funds enter into derivative contracts in the normal course of business to achieve certain risk management objectives and for general investment purposes. Blackstone may enter into derivative contracts in order to hedge its interest rate risk exposure against the effects of interest rate changes. Additionally, Blackstone may also enter into derivative contracts in order to hedge its foreign currency risk exposure against the effects of a portion of its
non-U.S.
dollar denominated currency net investments. As a result of the use of derivative contracts, Blackstone and the consolidated Blackstone Funds are exposed to the risk that counterparties will fail to fulfill their contractual obligations. To mitigate such counterparty risk, Blackstone and the consolidated Blackstone Funds enter into contracts with certain major financial institutions, all of which have investment grade ratings. Counterparty credit risk is evaluated in determining the fair value of derivative instruments.
Net Investment Hedges
Blackstone uses foreign currency forward contracts to hedge portions of Blackstone’s net investments in foreign operations. The gains and losses due to change in fair value attributable to changes in spot exchange rates on foreign currency derivatives designated as net investment hedges were recognized in Other Comprehensive Income, Net of Tax - Currency Translation Adjustment.
 
 
29
 
 
 
Table of Contents
 
The Blackstone Group L.P.
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited)
- Continued
(All Dollars Are in Thousands, Except Unit and Per Unit Data, Except Where Noted)
 
 
Freestanding Derivatives
Freestanding derivatives are instruments that Blackstone and certain of the consolidated Blackstone Funds have entered into as part of their overall risk management and investment strategies. These derivative contracts are not designated as hedging instruments for accounting purposes. Such contracts may include interest rate swaps, foreign exchange contracts, equity swaps, options, futures and other derivative contracts.
The table below summarizes the aggregate notional amount and fair value of the derivative financial instruments. The notional amount represents the absolute value amount of all outstanding derivative contracts.
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         
 
 
June 30, 2019
 
December 31, 2018
 
 
Assets
 
Liabilities
 
Assets
 
Liabilities
 
 
 
 
Fair
 
 
 
Fair
 
 
 
Fair
 
 
 
Fair
 
 
 
Notional
 
Value
 
Notional
 
Value
 
Notional
 
Value
 
Notional
 
Value
 
Freestanding Derivatives
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Blackstone
   
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
 
Interest Rate Contracts
   $
1,000,426
     $
38,299
     $
488,463
     $
47,845
     $
798,137
     $
43,632
     $
844,620
     $
39,164
 
Foreign Currency Contracts
   
167,699
     
615
     
106,500
     
444
     
224,841
     
1,286
     
245,371
     
1,636
 
Credit Default Swaps
   
2,204
     
81
     
29,205
     
1,200
     
     
     
34,060
     
4,004
 
Investments of
Consolidated Blackstone
Funds
   
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
 
Foreign Currency Contracts
   
29,931
     
863
     
78,769
     
814
     
108,271
     
524
     
16,952
     
164
 
Interest Rate Contracts
   
     
     
28,000
     
1,382
     
     
     
10,000
     
311
 
Credit Default Swaps
   
12,612
     
535
     
59,888
     
2,435
     
20,952
     
55
     
46,685
     
5,710
 
Total Return Swaps
   
10,851
     
15
     
22,567
     
382
     
     
     
31,440
     
1,855
 
Equity Options
   
1
     
173
     
1
     
19
     
     
     
     
 
                                                                 
 
   $
     1,223,724
     $
     40,581
     $
       813,393
     $
    54,521
     $
   1,152,201
     $
       45,497
     $
     1,229,128
      $
    52,844
 
                                                                 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
30
 
 
Table of Contents
 
The Blackstone Group L.P.
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited)
- Continued
(All Dollars Are in Thousands, Except Unit and Per Unit Data, Except Where Noted)
 
 
The table below summarizes the impact to the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations from derivative financial instruments:
                                 
 
Three Months Ended
June 30,
 
Six Months Ended
June 30,
 
2019
 
2018
 
2019
 
2018
Net Investment Hedges - Foreign Currency Contracts
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Hedge Ineffectiveness
 
$
 
 
$
 
 
$
 
 
$
(8
)
                                 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Freestanding Derivatives
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Realized Gains (Losses)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Interest Rate Contracts
 
$
(416
)
 
$
449
 
 
$
(2,664
)
 
$
2,070
 
Foreign Currency Contracts
 
 
(1,526
)
 
 
12,321
 
 
 
146
 
 
 
8,238
 
Credit Default Swaps
 
 
881
 
 
 
(107
)
 
 
1,991
 
 
 
(508
)
Total Return Swaps
 
 
(275
)
 
 
173
 
 
 
(395
)
 
 
174
 
Equity Options
 
 
(124
)
 
 
 
 
 
(132
)
 
 
 
                                 
 
$
(1,460
)
 
$
12,836
 
 
$
(1,054
)
 
$
9,974
 
                                 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net Change in Unrealized Gains (Losses)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Interest Rate Contracts
 
$
(2,892
)
 
$
37,261
 
 
$
(11,155
)
 
$
(39
)
Foreign Currency Contracts
 
 
1,773
 
 
 
1,456
 
 
 
209
 
 
 
(2,272
)
Credit Default Swaps
 
 
(294
)
 
 
615
 
 
 
3,647
 
 
 
488
 
Total Return Swaps
 
 
393
 
 
 
(5
)
 
 
1,371
 
 
 
52
 
Equity Options
 
 
115
 
 
 
 
 
 
65
 
 
 
 
                                 
 
$
(905
)
 
$
39,327
 
 
$
(5,863
)
 
$
(1,771
)
                                 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
As of June 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, Blackstone had not designated any derivatives as cash flow hedges.
 
31
 
 
Table of Contents
 
The Blackstone Group L.P.
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited)
- Continued
(All Dollars Are in Thousands, Except Unit and Per Unit Data, Except Where Noted)
 
 
7.    Fair Value Option
 
The following table summarizes the financial instruments for which the fair value option has been elected:
                 
 
June 30,
 
December 31,
 
 
2019
 
2018
 
Assets
   
     
 
Loans and Receivables
  $
187,831
    $         
304,173
 
Equity and Preferred Securities
   
223,630
     
390,095
 
Debt Securities
   
576,306
     
529,698
 
Assets of Consolidated CLO Vehicles
   
     
 
Corporate Loans
   
6,969,542
     
6,766,700
 
Other
 
 
988
 
 
 
 
                 
  $          
7,958,297
    $
7,990,666
 
                 
Liabilities
   
     
 
Liabilities of Consolidated CLO Vehicles
   
     
 
Senior Secured Notes
   
     
 
Loans Payable
  $
6,474,210
    $
6,473,233
 
Due to Affiliates
   
45,243
     
3,201
 
Subordinated Notes
   
     
 
Loans Payable
   
61,695
     
7,478
 
Due to Affiliates
   
49,575
     
52,811
 
                 
  $
6,630,723
    $
6,536,723
 
                 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
The following tables present the Realized and Net Change in Unrealized Gains (Losses) on financial instruments on which the fair value option was elected:
                                 
 
Three Months Ended June 30,
 
2019
 
2018
 
 
Net Change
 
 
Net Change
 
 
Realized
 
in Unrealized
 
    Realized    
 
in Unrealized
 
 
Gains (Losses)
 
Gains (Losses)
 
Gains
 
Gains (Losses)
 
Assets
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Loans and Receivables
 
$
(747
)
 
$
(1,897
)
 
$
 
 
 $
 
Equity and Preferred Securities
 
 
9,907
 
 
 
(67
)
 
 
 
 
 
(2,095
)
Debt Securities
 
 
(3,325
)
 
 
1,817
 
 
 
15
 
 
 
(2,878
)
Assets of Consolidated CLO Vehicles
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Corporate Loans
 
 
(10,549
)
 
 
(18,025
)
 
 
1,074
 
 
 
(25,896
)
Other
 
 
 
 
 
350
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
                                 
  $
(4,714
)   $
(17,822
)   $
1,089
    $
(30,869
)
                                 
Liabilities
   
     
     
     
 
Liabilities of Consolidated CLO Vehicles
   
     
     
     
 
Senior Secured Notes
  $
    $
6,667
    $
    $
 
Subordinated Notes
   
     
15,163
     
     
16,846
 
                                 
   $
    $
21,830
    $
    $
16,846
 
                                 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
32
 
 
Table of Contents
 
The Blackstone Group L.P.
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited)
- Continued
(All Dollars Are in Thousands, Except Unit and Per Unit Data, Except Where Noted)
 
 
                                 
 
Six Months Ended June 30,
 
2019
 
2018
 
 
Net Change
 
 
Net Change
 
Realized
 
in Unrealized
 
Realized
 
in Unrealized
 
  Gains (Losses)  
     
  Gains (Losses)  
     
  Gains (Losses)  
      
   Gains (Losses)   
Assets
   
     
     
     
 
Loans and Receivables
  $
(1,831
)   $
(2,657
)   $
    $
 
Equity and Preferred Securities
   
9,908
     
22,298
     
     
(1,867
)
Debt Securities
   
(3,360
)    
16,749
     
827
     
(2,297
)
Assets of Consolidated CLO Vehicles
   
     
     
     
 
Corporate Loans
   
(14,400
)    
161,777
     
(4,399
)    
(7,046
)
Corporate Bonds
   
     
     
(24,056
)    
9,693
 
Other
   
     
350
     
     
6
 
                                 
  $
(9,683
)   $
198,517
    $
(27,628
)   $
(1,511
)
                                 
Liabilities
   
     
     
     
 
Liabilities of Consolidated CLO Vehicles
   
     
     
     
 
Senior Secured Notes
  $
    $
(44,893
)   $
    $
 
Subordinated Notes
   
     
(50,981
)    
     
60,460
 
                                 
  $
    $
(95,874
)   $
    $
60,460
 
                                 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
The following table presents information for those financial instruments for which the fair value option was elected:
 
June 30, 2019
 
December 31, 2018
 
 
For Financial Assets
 
 
For Financial Assets
 
 
Past Due (a)
 
 
Past Due (a)
 
(Deficiency)
 
 
Excess
 
Excess
(Deficiency)
 
 
Excess
 
 
of Fair Value
 
Fair
 
of Fair Value
 
of Fair Value
 
Fair
 
of Fair Value
 
 
Over Principal
 
      Value      
 
Over Principal
 
Over Principal
 
      Value      
 
Over Principal
 
Loans and Receivables
   $
(878
)    $
             —
     $
             —
     $
2,421
     $
             —
     $
             —
 
Debt Securities
   
(10,920
)    
     
     
(26,660
)    
     
 
Assets of Consolidated CLO Vehicles
   
     
     
     
     
     
 
Corporate Loans
   
(151,535
)    
     
     
(301,085
)    
     
 
Other
 
 
350
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
                                                 
   $
         (162,983
)    $
     $
     $
(325,324
)    $
     $
 
                                                 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(a) Corporate Loans within CLO assets are classified as past due if contractual payments are more than one day past due.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
As of June 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, no Loans and Receivables for which the fair value option was elected were past due or in
non-accrual
status. As of June 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, no Corporate Bonds included within the Assets of Consolidated CLO Vehicles for which the fair value option was elected were past due or in
non-accrual
status.
 
33
 
 
Table of Contents
 
The Blackstone Group L.P.
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited)
- Continued
(All Dollars Are in Thousands, Except Unit and Per Unit Data, Except Where Noted)
 
 
8.
Fair Value Measurements of Financial Instruments
The following tables summarize the valuation of Blackstone’s financial assets and liabilities by the fair value hierarchy:
                                         
 
June 30, 2019
 
Level I
 
Level II
 
Level III
 
NAV
 
Total
 
Assets
   
     
     
     
     
 
Cash and Cash Equivalents - Money Market Funds and Short-Term Investments
  $
199,590
    $
    $
    $             
    $
199,590
 
                                         
Investments
   
     
     
     
     
 
Investments of Consolidated Blackstone Funds (a)
   
     
     
     
     
 
Investment Funds
   
     
     
     
61,345
     
61,345
 
Equity Securities
   
36,056
     
40,670
     
196,319
     
     
273,045
 
Partnership and LLC Interests
   
     
21,371
     
345,479
     
     
366,850
 
Debt Instruments
   
     
819,352
     
141,086
     
     
960,438
 
Freestanding Derivatives
   
     
     
     
     
 
Foreign Currency Contracts
   
     
863
     
     
     
863
 
Credit Default Swaps
   
     
535
     
     
     
535
 
Total Return Swaps
   
     
15
     
     
     
15
 
Equity Options
   
     
173
     
     
     
173
 
Assets of Consolidated CLO Vehicles
   
     
     
     
     
 
Corporate Loans
   
     
6,513,318
     
456,224
     
     
6,969,542
 
Other
   
     
     
988
     
     
988
 
                                         
Total Investments of Consolidated Blackstone Funds
   
36,056
     
7,396,297
     
1,140,096
     
61,345
     
8,633,794
 
                                         
Corporate Treasury Investments
   
     
     
     
     
 
Equity Securities
   
454,441
     
     
     
     
454,441
 
Debt Instruments
   
503,285
     
1,544,063
     
24,307
     
     
2,071,655
 
Other
   
     
     
195
     
271,617
     
271,812
 
                                         
Total Corporate Treasury Investments
   
957,726
     
1,544,063
     
24,502
     
271,617
     
2,797,908
 
                                         
Other Investments
   
183,436
     
     
24,550
     
7,322
     
215,308
 
                                         
Total Investments
             
1,177,218
               
8,940,360
               
1,189,148
               
340,284
              
11,647,010
 
                                         
Accounts Receivable - Loans and Receivables
   
     
     
187,831
     
     
187,831
 
                                         
Other Assets
   
     
     
     
     
 
Freestanding Derivatives
   
     
     
     
     
 
Interest Rate Contracts
   
548
     
37,751
     
     
     
38,299
 
Foreign Currency Contracts
   
     
615
     
     
     
615
 
Credit Default Swaps
   
     
81
     
     
     
81
 
                                         
Total Other Assets
   
548
     
38,447
     
     
     
38,995
 
                                         
  $
1,377,356
    $
8,978,807
    $
1,376,979
    $
340,284
    $
12,073,426
 
                                         
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
34
 
 
Table of Contents
 
The Blackstone Group L.P.
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited)
- Continued
(All Dollars Are in Thousands, Except Unit and Per Unit Data, Except Where Noted)
 
 
                                                                                                                             
 
June 30, 2019
 
Level I
 
Level II
 
Level III
 
Total
 
Liabilities
   
     
     
     
 
Loans Payable - Liabilities of Consolidated CLO Vehicles (a)
   
     
     
     
 
Senior Secured Notes (b)
   $
     $
6,474,210
     $
     $
6,474,210
 
Subordinated Notes (b)
   
     
61,695
     
     
61,695
 
                                 
Total Loans Payable
   
     
6,535,905
     
     
6,535,905
 
                                 
Due to Affiliates - Liabilities of Consolidated CLO
Vehicles (a)
   
     
     
     
 
Senior Secured Notes (b)
   
     
45,243
     
     
45,243
 
Subordinated Notes (b)
   
     
49,575
     
     
49,575
 
                                 
Total Due to Affiliates
   
     
94,818
     
     
94,818
 
                                 
Securities Sold, Not Yet Purchased
   
33,870
     
94,642
     
     
128,512
 
                                 
Accounts Payable, Accrued Expenses and Other Liabilities
   
     
     
     
 
Liabilities of Consolidated Blackstone Funds - Freestanding Derivatives (a)
   
     
     
     
 
Foreign Currency Contracts
   
     
814
     
     
814
 
Credit Default Swaps
   
     
2,435
     
     
2,435
 
Total Return Swaps
   
     
382
     
     
382
 
Interest Rate Swaps
   
     
1,382
     
     
1,382
 
Equity Options
   
     
19
     
     
19
 
                                 
Total Liabilities of Consolidated Blackstone Funds
   
     
5,032
     
     
5,032
 
                                 
Freestanding Derivatives
   
     
     
     
 
Interest Rate Contracts
   
833
     
47,012
     
     
47,845
 
Foreign Currency Contracts
   
     
444
     
     
444
 
Credit Default Swaps
   
     
1,200
     
     
1,200
 
                                 
Total Freestanding Derivatives
   
833
     
48,656
     
     
49,489
 
                                 
Total Accounts Payable, Accrued Expenses and Other Liabilities
   
833
     
53,688
     
     
54,521
 
                                 
   $
34,703
     $
6,779,053
     $
     $
6,813,756
 
                                 
 
35
 
 
Table of Contents
 
The Blackstone Group L.P.
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited)
- Continued
(All Dollars Are in Thousands, Except Unit and Per Unit Data, Except Where Noted)
 
 
                                                                                                                                                            
 
December 31, 2018
 
Level I
 
Level II
 
Level III
 
NAV
 
Total
 
Assets
   
     
     
     
     
 
Cash and Cash Equivalents - Money Market Funds and Short-Term Investments
   $
623,526
     $
     $
     $
     $
623,526
 
                                         
Investments
   
     
     
     
     
 
Investments of Consolidated Blackstone Funds (a)
   
     
     
     
     
 
Investment Funds
   
     
     
     
80,726
     
80,726
 
Equity Securities
   
42,937
     
34,946
     
201,566
     
     
279,449
 
Partnership and LLC Interests
   
     
7,170
     
355,273
     
     
362,443
 
Debt Instruments
   
     
752,622
     
133,819
     
     
886,441
 
Freestanding Derivatives
   
     
     
     
     
 
Foreign Currency Contracts
   
     
524
     
     
     
524
 
Credit Default Swaps
   
     
55
     
     
     
55
 
Assets of Consolidated CLO Vehicles
   
     
     
     
     
 
Corporate Loans
   
     
6,093,342
     
673,358
     
     
6,766,700
 
                                         
Total Investments of Consolidated Blackstone Funds
   
42,937
     
6,888,659
     
1,364,016
     
80,726
     
8,376,338
 
                                         
Corporate Treasury Investments
   
     
     
     
     
 
Equity Securities
   
233,834
     
     
     
     
233,834
 
Debt Instruments
   
243,297
     
1,444,968
     
24,568
     
     
1,712,833
 
Other
   
     
     
     
259,826
     
259,826
 
                                         
Total Corporate Treasury Investments
   
477,131
     
1,444,968
     
24,568
     
259,826
     
2,206,493
 
                                         
Other Investments
   
176,432
     
     
31,617
     
7,581
     
215,630
 
                                         
Total Investments
   
696,500
     
8,333,627
     
1,420,201
     
348,133
     
10,798,461
 
                                         
Accounts Receivable - Loans and Receivables
   
     
     
304,173
     
     
304,173
 
                                         
Other Assets
   
     
     
     
     
 
Freestanding Derivatives
   
     
     
     
     
 
Interest Rate Contracts
   
1,274
     
42,358
     
     
     
43,632
 
Foreign Currency Contracts
   
     
1,286
     
     
     
1,286
 
                                         
Total Other Assets
   
1,274
     
43,644
     
     
     
44,918
 
                                         
   $
1,321,300
     $
8,377,271
     $
1,724,374
     $
348,133
     $
11,771,078
 
                                         
 
36
 
 
Table of Contents
 
The Blackstone Group L.P.
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited)
- Continued
(All Dollars Are in Thousands, Except Unit and Per Unit Data, Except Where Noted)
 
 
                                 
 
December 31, 2018
 
Level I
 
Level II
 
Level III
 
   
Total
 
Liabilities
   
     
     
     
 
Loans Payable - Liabilities of Consolidated CLO Vehicles (a)
   
     
     
     
 
Senior Secured Notes (b)
  $     
     $
6,473,233
     $          
    $
6,473,233
 
Subordinated Notes (b)
   
     
7,478
     
     
7,478
 
                                 
Total Loans Payable
   
     
6,480,711
     
     
6,480,711
 
                                 
Due to Affiliates - Liabilities of Consolidated CLO
Vehicles (a)
   
     
     
     
 
Senior Secured Notes (b)
   
     
3,201
     
     
3,201
 
Subordinated Notes (b)
   
     
52,811
     
     
52,811
 
                                 
Total Due to Affiliates
   
     
56,012
     
     
56,012
 
                                 
Securities Sold, Not Yet Purchased
   
35,959
     
106,658
     
     
142,617
 
                                 
Accounts Payable, Accrued Expenses and Other Liabilities
   
     
     
     
 
Liabilities of Consolidated Blackstone Funds - Freestanding Derivatives (a)
   
     
     
     
 
Foreign Currency Contracts
   
     
164
     
     
164
 
Credit Default Swaps
   
     
5,710
     
     
5,710
 
Total Return Swaps
   
     
1,855
     
     
1,855
 
Interest Rate Swaps
   
     
311
     
     
311
 
                                 
Total Liabilities of Consolidated Blackstone Funds
   
     
8,040
     
     
8,040
 
                                 
Freestanding Derivatives
   
     
     
     
 
Interest Rate Contracts
   
3,080
     
36,084
     
     
39,164
 
Foreign Currency Contracts
   
     
1,636
     
     
1,636
 
Credit Default Swaps
   
     
4,004
     
     
4,004
 
                                 
Total Freestanding Derivatives
   
3,080
     
41,724
     
     
44,804
 
                                 
Total Accounts Payable, Accrued Expenses and Other Liabilities
   
3,080
     
49,764
     
     
52,844
 
                                 
  $
39,039
    $
6,693,145
     $
    $
6,732,184
 
                                 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(a) Pursuant to GAAP consolidation guidance, Blackstone is required to consolidate all VIEs in which it has been identified as the primary beneficiary, including certain CLO vehicles and other funds in which a consolidated entity of Blackstone, such as the general partner of the fund, has a controlling financial interest. While Blackstone is required to consolidate certain funds, including CLO vehicles, for GAAP purposes, Blackstone has no ability to utilize the assets of these funds and there is no recourse to Blackstone for their liabilities since these are client assets and liabilities.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(b) Senior and subordinated notes issued by CLO vehicles are classified based on the more observable fair value of CLO assets less (1) the fair value of any beneficial interests held by Blackstone, and (2) the carrying value of any beneficial interests that represent compensation for services.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
37
 
 
Table of Contents
 
The Blackstone Group L.P.
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited) - Continued
(All Dollars Are in Thousands, Except Unit and Per Unit Data, Except Where Noted)
 
  
The following table summarizes the quantitative inputs and assumptions used for items categorized in Level III of the fair value hierarchy as of June 30, 2019:
                             
 
                   
          
                                                  
          
                                   
          
                     
          
                   
 
 
Valuation
 
Unobservable
 
 
Weighted-
   
 
Fair Value
 
Techniques
 
Inputs
 
Ranges
 
Average (a)
   
Financial Assets
   
   
 
 
 
   
Investments of Consolidated Blackstone Funds
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Equity Securities
   $
175,622
   
Discounted Cash Flows
 
Discount Rate
 
4.9% - 32.1%
 
12.6%
   
   
   
 
Revenue CAGR
 
-4.9% - 28.6%
 
6.7%
   
   
   
 
Book Value Multiple
 
0.9x - 9.5x
 
8.9x
   
   
   
 
Exit Capitalization Rate
 
3.8% - 11.4%
 
7.7%
   
   
   
 
Exit Multiple - EBITDA
 
0.1x - 16.5x
 
10.1x
   
   
   
 
Exit Multiple - NOI
 
12.8x
 
N/A
   
   
   
 
Exit Multiple - P/E
 
17.0x
 
N/A
   
   
7,364
   
Market Comparable Companies
 
Book Value Multiple
 
1.1x
 
N/A
   
   
   
 
Dollar/Acre Multiple
 
$7.0 - $18.0
 
$16.4
   
   
   
 
EBITDA Multiple
 
8.0x - 13.0x
 
10.0x
   
   
8,344
   
Other
 
N/A
 
N/A
 
N/A
   
   
4,523
   
Transaction Price
 
N/A
 
N/A
 
N/A
   
   
466
   
Third Party Pricing
 
N/A
 
N/A
 
N/A
   
Partnership and LLC Interests
   
304,234
   
Discounted Cash Flows
 
Discount Rate
 
3.8% - 26.5%
 
9.5%
   
   
   
 
Revenue CAGR
 
-4.9% - 27.5%
 
17.6%
   
   
   
 
Exit Capitalization Rate
 
2.7% - 15.5%
 
5.7%
   
   
   
 
Exit Multiple - EBITDA
 
3.5x - 15.7x
 
9.9x
   
   
   
 
Exit Multiple - NOI
 
13.3x
 
N/A
   
   
8,332
   
Market Comparable Companies
 
Book Value Multiple
 
1.2x
 
N/A
   
   
   
 
Dollar/Acre Multiple
 
$6.5 - $12.0
 
$8.1
   
   
3,087
   
Other
 
N/A
 
N/A
 
N/A
   
   
763
   
Third Party Pricing
 
N/A
 
N/A
 
N/A
   
   
29,063
   
Transaction Price
 
N/A
 
N/A
 
N/A
   
Debt Instruments
   
12,664
   
Discounted Cash Flows
 
Discount Rate
 
7.0% - 28.5%
 
9.9%
   
   
   
 
Exit Capitalization Rate
 
4.2% - 8.0%
 
5.8%
   
   
   
 
Exit Multiple - EBITDA
 
6.5x - 10.5x
 
9.3x
   
   
92,068
   
Third Party Pricing
 
N/A
 
N/A
 
N/A
   
   
13
   
Other
 
N/A
 
N/A
 
N/A
   
   
36,341
   
Transaction Price
 
N/A
 
N/A
 
N/A
   
Assets of Consolidated CLO Vehicles
   
37
   
Discounted Cash Flows
 
Discount Rate
 
1.7%
 
N/A
   
   
457,175
   
Third Party Pricing
 
N/A
 
N/A
 
N/A
   
                             
Total Investments of Consolidated Blackstone Funds
   
1,140,096
   
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
continued...
 
38
 
 
Table of Contents
 
The Blackstone Group L.P.
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited) - Continued
(All Dollars Are in Thousands, Except Unit and Per Unit Data, Except Where Noted)
 
 
                           
 
 
Valuation
 
Unobservable
 
 
 
 
 
Fair Value
 
Techniques
 
Inputs
 
Ranges
 
Weighted- Average (a)
 
Corporate Treasury Investments
   $       
10,395
   
Discounted Cash Flows
 
Discount Rate
 
3.2% - 9.0%
 
7.1%
 
   
   
 
Default Rate
 
2.0%
 
N/A
 
   
   
 
Pre-payment
Rate
 
20.0%
 
N/A
 
   
   
 
Recovery Lag
 
12 Months
 
N/A
 
   
   
 
Recovery Rate
 
15.6% - 70.0%
 
67.4%
 
   
   
 
Reinvestment Rate
 
LIBOR + 400 bps
 
N/A
 
   
195
   
Market Comparable Companies
 
EBITDA Multiple
 
14.6
x
 
N/A
 
   
13,912
   
Third Party Pricing
 
N/A
 
N/A
 
N/A
 
Loans and Receivables
   
168,611
   
Discounted Cash Flows
 
Discount Rate
 
7.1% - 9.5%
 
8.3%
 
   
19,220
   
Third Party Pricing
 
N/A
 
N/A
 
N/A
 
Other Investments
   
24,550
   
Discounted Cash Flows
 
Discount Rate
 
0.5% - 10.3%
 
2.0%
 
   
   
 
Default Rate
 
2.0%
 
N/A
 
   
   
 
Pre-payment
Rate
 
20.0%
 
N/A
 
   
   
 
Recovery Lag
 
12 Months
 
N/A
 
   
   
 
Recovery Rate
 
70.0%
 
N/A
 
   
   
 
Reinvestment Rate
 
LIBOR + 400 bps
 
N/A
 
                           
   $
1,376,979
   
 
 
 
 
                           
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
39
 
 
 
Table of Contents
 
The Blackstone Group L.P.
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited) - Continued
(All Dollars Are in Thousands, Except Unit and Per Unit Data, Except Where Noted)
 
 
The following table summarizes the quantitative inputs and assumptions used for items categorized in Level III of the fair value hierarchy as of December 31, 2018:
                           
 
 
Valuation
 
Unobservable
          
          
Weighted-
 
 
Fair Value
 
 
 
 
 
 
Techniques
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Inputs
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Ranges
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Average (a)
 
Financial Assets
   
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
Investments of Consolidated Blackstone Funds
   
   
 
 
 
 
Equity Securities
   $
138,725
   
Discounted Cash Flows
 
Discount Rate
 
7.1% - 26.1%
 
12.6%
 
   
   
 
Revenue CAGR
 
-0.8% - 32.4%
 
6.6%
 
   
   
 
Book Value Multiple
 
0.9x - 9.5x
 
8.3x
 
   
   
 
Exit Capitalization Rate
 
5.0% - 11.4%
 
8.0%
 
   
   
 
Exit Multiple - EBITDA
 
0.1x - 17.5x
 
10.3x
 
   
   
 
Exit Multiple - NOI
 
12.8x
 
N/A
 
   
   
 
Exit Multiple - P/E
 
17.0x
 
N/A
 
   
21,050
   
Market Comparable 
Companies
 
Book Value Multiple
 
0.8x - 8.0x
 
1.3x
 
   
   
 
 
Dollar/Acre Multiple
 
$7.0 - $44.1
 
$32.9
 
   
21,492
   
Other
 
N/A
 
N/A
 
N/A
 
   
20,250
   
Transaction Price
 
N/A
 
N/A
 
N/A
 
   
49
   
Third Party Pricing
 
N/A
 
N/A
 
N/A
 
Partnership and LLC Interests
   
295,251
   
Discounted Cash Flows
 
Discount Rate
 
4.1% - 26.5%
 
9.7%
 
   
   
 
Revenue CAGR
 
-1.1% - 48.4%
 
26.9%
 
   
   
 
Book Value Multiple
 
8.5x - 9.3x
 
9.2x
 
   
   
 
Exit Capitalization Rate
 
2.9% - 15.0%
 
6.3%
 
   
   
 
Exit Multiple - EBITDA
 
0.1x - 15.3x
 
10.0x
 
   
   
 
Exit Multiple - NOI
 
13.3x
 
N/A
 
   
9,444
   
Market Comparable 
Companies
 
Book Value Multiple
 
1.1x
 
N/A
 
   
   
 
 
Dollar/Acre Multiple
 
$5.3 - $12.0
 
$7.5
 
   
9,390
   
Other
 
N/A
 
N/A
 
N/A
 
   
41,188
   
Transaction Price
 
N/A
 
N/A
 
N/A
 
Debt Instruments
   
8,342
   
Discounted Cash Flows
 
Discount Rate
 
7.0% - 19.3%
 
9.8%
 
   
   
 
Revenue CAGR
 
0.7%
 
N/A
 
   
   
 
Exit Multiple - EBITDA
 
6.5x
 
N/A
 
   
120,843
   
Third Party Pricing
 
N/A
 
N/A
 
N/A
 
   
4,634
   
Transaction Price
 
N/A
 
N/A
 
N/A
 
Assets of Consolidated CLO Vehicles
   
41
   
Discounted Cash Flows
 
Discount Rate
 
5.0%
 
N/A
 
   
673,317
   
Third Party Pricing
 
N/A
 
N/A
 
N/A
 
                           
Total Investments of Consolidated Blackstone Funds
   
1,364,016
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
continued...
 
40
 
 
Table of Contents
 
The Blackstone Group L.P.
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited) - Continued
(All Dollars Are in Thousands, Except Unit and Per Unit Data, Except Where Noted)
 
 
                           
 
 
Valuation
 
Unobservable
 
 
 
 
 
Fair Value
 
Techniques
 
Inputs
 
Ranges
 
Weighted- Average (a)
 
Corporate Treasury Investments
  $    
7,947
   
Discounted Cash Flows
 
Discount Rate
 
4.4% - 7.5%
 
6.6%
 
   
   
 
Default Rate
 
2.0%
 
N/A
 
   
   
 
Pre-payment
Rate
 
20.0%
 
N/A
 
   
   
 
Recovery Lag
 
12 Months - 
21
 Months
 
13 Months
 
   
   
 
Recovery Rate
 
17.5% - 70.0%
 
67.7%
 
   
   
 
Reinvestment Rate
 
LIBOR + 400 bps
 
N/A
 
   
16,621
   
Third Party Pricing
 
N/A
 
N/A
 
N/A
 
Loans and Receivables
   
304,173
   
Discounted Cash Flows
 
Discount Rate
 
6.1% - 12.8%
 
8.7%
 
Other Investments
   
26,631
   
Discounted Cash Flows
 
Discount Rate
 
1.0% - 15.0%
 
2.8%
 
   
   
 
Default Rate
 
2.0%
 
N/A
 
   
   
 
Pre-payment
Rate
 
20.0%
 
N/A
 
   
   
 
Recovery Lag
 
12 Months
 
N/A
 
   
   
 
Recovery Rate
 
70.0%
 
N/A
 
   
   
 
Reinvestment Rate
 
LIBOR + 400 bps
 
N/A
 
   
4,986
   
Transaction Price
 
N/A
 
N/A
 
N/A
 
                           
  $       
1,724,374
   
 
 
 
 
                           
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
     
N/A
 
Not applicable.
CAGR
 
Compound annual growth rate.
EBITDA
 
Earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization.
Exit Multiple
 
Ranges include the last twelve months EBITDA, forward EBITDA and price/earnings exit multiples.
NOI
 
Net operating income.
P/E
 
Price-earnings ratio.
Third Party Pricing
 
Third Party Pricing is generally determined on the basis of unadjusted prices between market participants provided by reputable dealers or pricing services.
Transaction Price
 
Includes recent acquisitions or transactions.
(a)
 
Unobservable inputs were weighted based on the fair value of the investments included in the range.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
The significant unobservable inputs used in the fair value measurement of corporate treasury investments, debt instruments and other investments as of the reporting date are discount rates, default rates, recovery rates, recovery lag,
pre-payment
rates and reinvestment rates. Increases (decreases) in any of the discount rates, default rates, recovery lag and
pre-payment
rates in isolation would have resulted in a lower (higher) fair value measurement. Increases (decreases) in any of the recovery rates and reinvestment rates in isolation would have resulted in a higher (lower) fair value measurement. Generally, a change in the assumption used for default rates may be accompanied by a directionally similar change in the assumption used for recovery lag and a directionally opposite change in the assumption used for recovery rates and
pre-payment
rates.
The significant unobservable inputs used in the fair value measurement of equity securities, partnership and limited liability company (“LLC”) interests, debt instruments, assets of consolidated CLO vehicles and loans and receivables are discount rates, exit capitalization rates, exit multiples, EBITDA multiples and revenue compound annual growth rates. Increases (decreases) in any of discount rates and exit capitalization rates in isolation could have resulted in a lower (higher) fair value measurement. Increases (decreases) in any of exit multiples and revenue compound annual growth rates in isolation could have resulted in a higher (lower) fair value measurement.
Since December 31, 2018, there have been
no
changes in valuation techniques within Level II and Level III that have had a material impact on the valuation of financial instruments.
 
 
41
 
  
Table of Contents
 
The Blackstone Group L.P.
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited)
- Continued
(All Dollars Are in Thousands, Except Unit and Per Unit Data, Except Where Noted)
 
 
The following tables summarize the changes in financial assets and liabilities measured at fair value for which
Blackstone 
has used Level III inputs to determine fair value and does not include gains or losses that were reported in Level III in prior years or for instruments that were transferred out of Level III prior to the end of the respective reporting period. Total realized and unrealized gains and losses recorded for Level III investments are reported in either Investment Income (Loss) or Net Gains from Fund Investment Activities in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations.
                                                                 
 
Level III Financial Assets at Fair Value
 
Three Months Ended June 30,
 
2019
 
2018
 
Investments
 
 
 
 
Investments
 
 
 
 
 
of
 
Loans
 
Other
 
 
of
 
Loans
 
Other
 
 
 
Consolidated
 
and
 
Investments
 
 
Consolidated
 
and
 
Investments
 
 
 
Funds
 
Receivables
 
(a)
 
Total
 
Funds
 
Receivables
 
(a)
 
Total
 
Balance, Beginning of Period
   $     
1,243,800
     $       
208,226
     $        
59,133
     $     
1,511,159
     $       
963,151
     $       
163,135
     $       
117,349
     $     
1,243,635
 
Transfer In to Level III (b)
 
 
149,275
 
 
 
 —
 
 
 
3,986
 
 
 
153,261
 
 
 
152,666
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
152,666
 
Transfer Out of Level III (b)
   
(294,612
)    
     
(14,557
)    
(309,169
)    
(117,217
)    
     
(7,649
)    
(124,866
)
Purchases
   
112,757
     
198,482
     
5,251
     
316,490
     
203,223
     
294,258
     
15,327
     
512,808
 
Sales
   
(84,525
)    
(218,148
)    
(5,270
)    
(307,943
)    
(127,718
)    
(110,508
)    
(23,304
)    
(261,530
)
Settlements
         
(3,038
)          
(3,038
)    
     
(5,634
)    
(1
)    
(5,635
)
Changes in Gains Included in Earnings
   
13,401
     
2,309
     
509
     
16,219
     
12,619
     
5,352
     
13,001
     
30,972
 
                                                                 
Balance, End of Period
   $
1,140,096
     $
187,831
     $
49,052
     $
1,376,979
     $
1,086,724
     $
346,603
     $
114,723
     $
1,548,050
 
                                                                 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Changes in Unrealized Gains (Losses) Included in Earnings Related to Financial Assets Still Held at the Reporting Date
   $
(2,162
)    $
(1,898
)    $
135
     $
(3,925
)    $
146
     $
5,353
     $
(49
)    $
5,450
 
                                                                 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
                                                                 
 
Level III Financial Assets at Fair Value
 
Six Months Ended June 30,
 
2019
 
2018
 
Investments
 
 
 
 
Investments
 
 
 
 
 
of
 
Loans
 
Other
 
 
of
 
Loans
 
Other
 
 
 
Consolidated
 
and
 
Investments
 
 
Consolidated
 
and
 
Investments
 
 
 
Funds
 
Receivables
 
(a)
 
Total
 
Funds
 
Receivables
 
(a)
 
Total
 
Balance, Beginning of Period
   $     
1,364,016
     $        
304,173
     $         
56,185
     $     
1,724,374
     $       
1,029,371
     $       
239,659
     $       
119,642
     $     
1,388,672
 
Transfer In Due to Consolidation and Acquisition
   
     
     
           
50,043
     
     
     
50,043
 
Transfer Out Due to Deconsolidation
   
     
     
       —      
(217,182
)    
     
     
(217,182
)
Transfer In to Level III (b)
   
106,644
     
     
12,935
     
119,579
     
180,401
     
     
     
180,401
 
Transfer Out of Level III (b)
   
(400,402
)    
     
(27,170
)    
(427,572
)    
(141,104
)    
     
(15,717
)    
(156,821
)
Purchases
   
179,305
     
270,772
     
12,820
     
462,897
     
408,823
     
370,921
     
19,812
     
799,556
 
Sales
   
(145,097
)    
(383,816
)    
(6,141
)    
(535,054
)    
(260,865
)    
(263,703
)    
(23,479
)    
(548,047
)
Settlements
   
     
(10,189
)    
     
(10,189
)    
     
(9,317
)    
(4
)    
(9,321
)
Changes in Gains Included in Earnings
   
35,630
     
6,891
     
423
     
42,944
     
37,237
     
9,043
     
14,469
     
60,749
 
                                                                 
Balance, End of Period
   $
1,140,096
     $
187,831
     $
49,052
     $
1,376,979
     $
1,086,724
     $
346,603
     $
114,723
     $
1,548,050
 
                                                                 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Changes in Unrealized Gains (Losses) Included in Earnings Related to Financial Assets Still Held at the Reporting Date
   $
25,821
     $
(2,657
)    $
315
     $
23,479
     $
19,265
     $
9,044
     $
(289
)    $
28,020
 
                                                                 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(a) Represents corporate treasury investments and Other Investments.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(b) Transfers in and out of Level III financial assets and liabilities were due to changes in the observability of inputs used in the valuation of such assets and liabilities.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
There were no Level III financial liabilities as of and for the three and six months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018.
 
42
 
Table of Contents
 
The Blackstone Group L.P.
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited)
- Continued
(All Dollars Are in Thousands, Except Unit and Per Unit Data, Except Where Noted)
 
 
9.
Variable Interest Entities
Pursuant to GAAP consolidation guidance, Blackstone consolidates certain VIEs in which​​​​​​​ it is determined that Blackstone is the primary beneficiary either directly or indirectly, through a consolidated entity or affiliate. VIEs include certain private equity, real estate, credit-focused or funds of hedge funds entities and CLO vehicles. The purpose of such VIEs is to provide strategy specific investment opportunities for investors in exchange for management and performance based fees. The investment strategies of the Blackstone Funds differ by product; however, the fundamental risks of the Blackstone Funds have similar characteristics, including loss of invested capital and loss of management fees and performance based fees. In Blackstone’s role as general partner, collateral manager or investment adviser, it generally considers itself the sponsor of the applicable Blackstone Fund. Blackstone does not provide performance guarantees and has no other financial obligation to provide funding to consolidated VIEs other than its own capital commitments.
The assets of consolidated variable interest entities may only be used to settle obligations of these entities. In addition, there​​​​​​​ is no recourse to Blackstone for the consolidated VIEs’ liabilities including the liabilities of the consolidated CLO vehicles.
Blackstone holds variable interests in certain VIEs which are not consolidated as it is determined that Blackstone is not the primary beneficiary. Blackstone’s involvement with such entities is in the form of direct and indirect equity interests and fee arrangements. The maximum exposure to loss represents the loss of assets recognized by Blackstone relating to non-consolidated VIEs and any clawback obligation relating to previously distributed Performance Allocations. Blackstone’s maximum exposure to loss relating to non-consolidated VIEs were as follows:
 
                 
 
June 30,
 
December 31,
 
 
2019
 
2018
 
Investments
   $     
1,042,214
     $     
942,700
 
Due from Affiliates
   
390,467
     
254,744
 
Potential Clawback Obligation
   
181,283
     
159,691
 
                 
Maximum Exposure to Loss
   $
1,613,964
     $
1,357,135
 
                 
                 
Amounts Due to
Non-Consolidated
VIEs
   $
1,994
     $
207
 
                 
10.
Repurchase Agreements
At June 30, 2019,
Blackstone
pledged securities with a carrying value of $267.9 million and cash to collateralize its repurchase agreements. Such securities can be repledged, delivered or otherwise used by the counterparty.
At December 31, 2018,
Blackstone
pledged securities with a carrying value of $279.5 million and cash to collateralize its repurchase agreements. Such securities can be repledged, delivered or otherwise used by the counterparty.
 
43
 
 
Table of Contents
 
The Blackstone Group L.P.
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited)
- Continued
(All Dollars Are in Thousands, Except Unit and Per Unit Data, Except Where Noted)
 
 
The following tables provide information regarding
Blackstone
’s Repurchase Agreements obligation by type of collateral pledged:
 
 
June 30, 2019
 
 
Remaining Contractual Maturity of the Agreements
 
 
Overnight
 
 
 
 
 
Greater
 
 
 
 
 
and
 
Up to
 
30 - 90
 
than
 
 
 
 
 
Continuous
 
30 Days
 
Days
 
90 days
 
Total
 
Repurchase Agreements
   
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
 
Asset-Backed Securities
   $
               —
     $  
42,034
     $  
131,448
     $  
34,194
     $  
207,676
 
                                         
         
Gross Amount of Recognized Liabilities for Repurchase Agreements in Note 11. “Offsetting of Assets and Liabilities”
   $
207,676
 
                         
         
Amounts Related to Agreements Not Included in Offsetting Disclosure in Note 11. “Offsetting of Assets and Liabilities”
   $
 
                         
 
December 31, 2018
 
Remaining Contractual Maturity of the Agreements
 
Overnight
 
 
 
Greater
 
 
 
and
 
Up to
 
30 - 90
 
than
 
 
 
Continuous
 
30 Days
 
Days
 
90 days
 
Total
 
Repurchase Agreements
   
     
     
     
     
 
Asset-Backed Securities
   $  
             —
     $  
42,908
     $  
144,731
     $  
34,563
     $  
222,202
 
                                         
         
Gross Amount of Recognized Liabilities for Repurchase Agreements in Note 11. “Offsetting of Assets and Liabilities”
   $
222,202
 
                         
         
Amounts Related to Agreements Not Included in Offsetting Disclosure in Note 11. “Offsetting of Assets and Liabilities”
   $
 
                         
11.
Offsetting of Assets and Liabilities
The following tables present the offsetting of assets and liabilities as of June 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018:
                                 
 
 
June 30, 2019
 
 
Gross and Net
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Amounts of
 
Gross Amounts Not Offset
 
 
 
 
 
Assets Presented
 
in the Statement of
 
 
 
 
 
in the Statement
 
Financial Condition
 
 
 
 
 
of Financial
 
Financial
 
Cash Collateral
 
 
 
 
 
Condition
 
Instruments (a)
 
Received
 
     Net Amount     
 
Assets
   
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
 
Freestanding Derivatives
   $  
40,581
     $  
38,916
     $  
     $  
1,665
 
                                 
 
44
 
 
Table of Contents
 
The Blackstone Group L.P.
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited)
- Continued
(All Dollars Are in Thousands, Except Unit and Per Unit Data, Except Where Noted)
 
 
                                 
 
 
June 30, 2019
 
 
 
Gross and Net
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Amounts of
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Liabilities
 
Gross Amounts Not Offset
 
 
 
 
 
  Presented in the  
 
in the Statement of
 
 
 
 
 
Statement of
 
Financial Condition
 
 
 
 
 
Financial
 
Financial
 
 Cash Collateral 
 
 
 
 
 
Condition
 
 Instruments (a) 
 
Pledged
 
     Net Amount     
 
Liabilities
   
 
     
                         
     
                        
     
                        
   
Freestanding Derivatives
   $
53,725
     $
38,205
     $
11,290
     $
4,230
   
Repurchase Agreements
   
207,676
     
207,676
     
     
   
                                 
 
   $
261,401
     $
245,881
     $
11,290
     $
4,230
 
 
 
 
 
                           
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
December 31, 2018
 
 
 
Gross and Net
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Amounts of
 
Gross Amounts Not Offset
 
 
 
 
 
Assets Presented
 
in the Statement of
 
 
 
 
 
in the Statement
 
Financial Condition
 
 
 
 
 
of Financial
 
Financial
 
Cash Collateral
 
 
 
 
 
Condition
 
Instruments (a)
 
Received
 
     Net Amount     
 
Assets
   
 
     
                         
     
                        
     
                        
   
Freestanding Derivatives
   $
45,416
     $
37,788
     $
5,547
     $
2,081
 
 
 
 
                                 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
December 31, 2018
 
 
 
Gross and Net
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Amounts of
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Liabilities
 
Gross Amounts Not Offset
 
 
 
 
 
Presented in the
 
in the Statement of
 
 
 
 
 
Statement of
 
Financial Condition
 
 
 
 
 
Financial
 
Financial
 
Cash Collateral
 
 
 
 
 
Condition
 
Instruments (a)
 
Pledged
 
     Net Amount     
 
Liabilities
   
 
     
                         
     
                        
     
                        
   
Freestanding Derivatives
   $
52,844
     $
35,905
     $
15,377
     $
1,562
   
Repurchase Agreements
   
222,202
     
222,202
     
     
   
                                 
 
   $
275,046
     $
258,107
     $
15,377
     $
1,562
   
                                   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(a) Amounts presented are inclusive of both legally enforceable master netting agreements, and financial instruments received or pledged as collateral. Financial instruments received or pledged as collateral offset derivative counterparty risk exposure, but do not reduce net balance sheet exposure.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
45
 
 
Table of Contents
 
The Blackstone Group L.P.
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited)
- Continued
(All Dollars Are in Thousands, Except Unit and Per Unit Data, Except Where Noted)
 
 
Repurchase Agreements are presented separately on the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition. Freestanding Derivative assets are included in Other Assets in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition. The following table presents the components of Other Assets:
                 
 
                           
 
 
 
June 30,
 
 December 31,  
 
 
2019
 
2018
 
Furniture, Equipment and Leasehold Improvements, Net
  $  
142,083
             $  
120,372
 
Prepaid Expenses
   
159,419
     
110,732
 
Freestanding Derivatives
   
38,995
     
44,918
 
Other
   
13,756
     
18,226
 
                 
   $
354,253
     $
294,248
 
                 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Freestanding Derivative liabilities are included in Accounts Payable, Accrued Expenses and Other Liabilities in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition and are not a significant component thereof.
Notional Pooling Arrangement
Blackstone has a notional cash pooling arrangement with a financial institution for cash management purposes. This arrangement allows for cash withdrawals based upon aggregate cash balances on deposit at the same financial institution. Cash withdrawals cannot exceed aggregate cash balances on deposit. The net balance of cash on deposit and overdrafts is used as a basis for calculating net interest expense or income. As of June 30, 2019, the aggregate cash balance on deposit relating to the cash pooling arrangement was $
1.2
 billion, which was offset with an accompanying overdraft of $
1.2
 billion.
12.
Borrowings
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
On April 10, 2019, Blackstone, through its indirect subsidiary Blackstone Holdings Finance Co. L.L.C. (the “Issuer”), issued
600
 million aggregate principal amount of Senior Notes due April 10, 2029 (the “2029 Notes”). The 2029 Notes have an interest rate of
1.500
% per annum, accruing from April 10, 2019. Interest on the 2029 Notes is payable annually in arrears on April 10 of each year, commencing on April 10, 2020. The 2029 Notes will be fully and unconditionally guaranteed (the “Guarantees”), jointly and severally, by The Blackstone Group L.P., Blackstone Holdings I L.P., Blackstone Holdings AI L.P., Blackstone Holdings II L.P., Blackstone Holdings III L.P. and Blackstone Holdings IV L.P. (the “Guarantors”). The Guarantees are unsecured and unsubordinated obligations of the Guarantors. Third party costs directly related to the issuance of the 2029 Notes have been capitalized and are being amortized over the life of the 2029 Notes.
The following table presents the general characteristics of each of our notes, as well as their carrying value and fair value. The notes are included in Loans Payable within the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition. All of the notes were issued at a discount. All of the notes accrue interest from the issue date thereof and all pay interest in arrears on a semi-annual basis or annual basis as indicated by their respective interest payment dates.
  
46
 
 
Table of Contents
 
The Blackstone Group L.P.
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited)
- Continued
(All Dollars Are in Thousands, Except Unit and Per Unit Data, Except Where Noted)
 
 
                                 
 
 
June 30, 2019
 
 
December 31, 2018
 
 
 
Carrying
 
 
Fair
 
 
Carrying
 
 
Fair
 
Senior Notes
 
Value
 
 
Value (a)
 
 
Value
 
 
Value (a)
 
5.875%, Due 3/15/2021
   $
399,174
     $
422,160
     $
398,947
     $
421,720
 
4.750%, Due 2/15/2023
   
395,700
     
429,440
     
395,166
     
417,600
 
2.000%, Due 5/19/2025
   
336,883
     
367,462
     
339,959
     
352,197
 
1.000%, Due 10/5/2026
   
673,113
     
687,293
     
679,193
     
647,564
 
3.150%, Due 10/2/2027
   
296,880
     
297,630
     
296,717
     
285,030
 
1.500%, Due 4/10/2029
   
676,634
     
705,990
     
     
 
6.250%, Due 8/15/2042
   
238,328
     
314,725
     
238,221
     
289,225
 
5.000%, Due 6/15/2044
   
488,856
     
568,500
     
488,747
     
490,150
 
4.450%, Due 7/15/2045
   
344,097
     
370,300
     
344,038
     
329,770
 
4.000%, Due 10/2/2047
   
290,252
     
294,690
     
290,163
     
262,800
 
                                 
   $
4,139,917
     $
4,458,190
     $
3,471,151
     $
3,496,056
 
                                 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(a) Fair value is determined by broker quote and these notes would be classified as Level II within the fair value hierarchy.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Included within Loans Payable and Due to Affiliates within the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition are amounts due to holders of debt securities issued by Blackstone’s consolidated CLO vehicles. Borrowings through the consolidated CLO vehicles consisted of the following:
                                     
 
June 30, 2019
 
December 31, 2018
 
 
 
  Weighted-    
 
 
 
  Weighted-  
 
 
 
 Weighted-  
 
Average
 
 
   Weighted-   
 
Average
 
 
 
Average
 
Remaining
 
 
Average
 
Remaining
 
 
  Borrowing  
 
Interest
 
Maturity in
 
Borrowing
 
Interest
 
Maturity in
 
 
Outstanding
 
Rate
 
Years
 
Outstanding  
 
Rate
 
Years
 
Senior Secured Notes
  $
6,527,175
   
4.13%
   
6.2
  $
6,531,550
   
4.20%
   
7.5
Subordinated Notes
   
321,866
   
(a)
   
N/A
   
331,735
   
(a)
   
N/A
                                     
  $
6,849,041
   
   
  $
6,863,285
   
   
                                     
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(a) The Subordinated Notes do not have contractual interest rates but instead receive distributions from the excess cash flows of the CLO vehicles.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Senior Secured Notes and Subordinated Notes comprise the following amounts:
                                     
 
June 30, 2019
 
December 31, 2018
 
 
Amounts Due to Non-
 
 
Amounts Due to Non-
 
 
Consolidated Affiliates
 
 
Consolidated Affiliates
 
 
Borrowing
 
 
 
Borrowing
 
 
 
Fair Value
 
 Outstanding  
 
  Fair Value  
 
Fair Value
 
 Outstanding 
 
 Fair Value 
 
Senior Secured Notes
  $  
6,519,453
  $
42,750
  $
45,243
  $
6,476,434
  $
3,250
  $
3,201
Subordinated Notes
   
111,270
   
81,790
   
49,575
   
60,289
   
111,659
   
52,811
                                     
  $
6,630,723
  $
124,540
  $
94,818
  $
6,536,723
  $
114,909
  $
56,012
                                     
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
The Loans Payable of the consolidated CLO vehicles are collateralized by assets held by each respective CLO vehicle and assets of one vehicle may not be used to satisfy the liabilities of another. This collateral consisted of Cash, Corporate Loans, Corporate Bonds and other securities. As of June 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, the fair value of the consolidated CLO assets was $7.3 billion and $7.1 billion, respectively.
 
47
 
 
 
Table of Contents
 
The Blackstone Group L.P.
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited)
- Continued
(All Dollars Are in Thousands, Except Unit and Per Unit Data, Except Where Noted)
 
 
Scheduled principal payments for borrowings as of June 30, 2019 were as follows:
                   
 
 
Blackstone Fund
 
 
 
Operating
 
Facilities/CLO
 
Total
 
 
    Borrowings    
 
Vehicles
 
    Borrowings    
 
2019
   $
   $
316
   $
316
2020
   
   
   
2021
   
400,000
   
   
400,000
2022
   
   
   
2023
   
400,000
   
   
400,000
Thereafter
   
3,405,950
   
6,849,041
   
10,254,991
                   
   $
4,205,950
   $
6,849,357
   $
11,055,307
                   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
13.
Leases
 
 
 
 
 
 
Blackstone enters into
non-cancelable
lease and sublease agreements primarily for office space, which expire on various dates through 2030. As of June 30, 2019, the weighted-average remaining lease term was 7.8 years, and the weighted-average discount rate was 2.5%.
The components of lease expense were as follows:
             
 
 
  Three Months Ended  
 
  Six Months Ended  
 
 
 
June 30, 2019
 
June 30, 2019
 
 
Operating Lease Cost
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Straight-Line Lease Cost (a)
   $
22,545
   $
44,410
 
Variable Lease Cost
   
3,795
   
6,900
 
Sublease Income
   
(168
)  
(332
)
             
 
   $
26,172
   $
50,978
 
             
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(a) Straight-line lease cost includes short-term leases, which are immaterial.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Supplemental cash flow information related to leases were as follows:
             
 
  Three Months Ended  
 
  Six Months Ended  
 
 
June 30, 2019
 
June 30, 2019
 
Operating Cash Flows from Operating Leases
  $
24,283
  $
46,415
Right-of-Use
Assets Obtained in Exchange for New Operating Lease Liabilities
   
6,995
   
7,383
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
48
 
 
 
Table of Contents
 
The Blackstone Group L.P.
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited)
- Continued
(All Dollars Are in Thousands, Except Unit and Per Unit Data, Except Where Noted)
 
 
The following table shows the undiscounted cash flows on an annual basis for Operating Lease Liabilities as of June 30, 2019:
         
2019
   $
40,794
 
2020
   
81,212
 
2021
   
85,914
 
2022
   
77,605
 
2023
   
75,757
 
Thereafter
   
272,369
 
         
Total Lease Payments (a)
   
633,651
 
Less: Imputed Interest
   
(59,032
)
         
Present Value of Operating Lease Liabilities
   $
                     574,619
 
         
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(a) Excludes $
113.3
 million of lease payments for signed leases that have not yet commenced.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
As of December 31, 2018, the aggregate minimum future payments, net of sublease income, required on operating leases are as follows:
         
2019
   $
78,506
 
2020
   
72,191
 
2021
   
80,914
 
2022
   
79,094
 
2023
   
77,248
 
Thereafter
   
273,347
 
         
Total
   $
                     661,300
 
         
 
14.
Income Taxes
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Blackstone’s effective tax rate was 5.6% and 8.2% for the three months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively, and 4.4% and 7.5% for the six months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively. Blackstone’s income tax provision was $38.7 million and $138.7 million for the three months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively, and $79.9 million and $193.2 million for the six months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively.
Prior to the Conversion, Blackstone and certain of its subsidiaries operate in the U.S. as partnerships for income tax purposes (partnerships generally are not subject to federal income taxes) and generally as corporate entities in
non-U.S.
jurisdictions. Blackstone’s effective tax rate for the three and six months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018 was substantially due to the fact that certain corporate subsidiaries are subject to federal, state, local and foreign income taxes (as applicable) and other subsidiaries are subject to New York City unincorporated business taxes.
 
49
 
 
 
Table of Contents
 
The Blackstone Group L.P.
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited)
- Continued
(All Dollars Are in Thousands, Except Unit and Per Unit Data, Except Where Noted)
 
 
15. Net Income Per Common Unit
Basic and diluted net income per common unit for the three and six months ended June 30, 2019 and June 30, 2018 was calculated as follows:
                                 
 
Three Months Ended
 
Six Months Ended
 
June 30,
 
June 30,
 
2019
 
2018
 
2019
 
2018
 
Net Income for Per Common Unit Calculations
   
     
     
     
 
Net Income Attributable to The Blackstone Group L.P., Basic
   $
305,792
     $
742,042
     $
787,096
     $
1,109,914
 
Incremental Net Income from Assumed Exchange of Blackstone Holdings Partnership Units
   
     
     
610,101
     
858,727
 
                                 
Net Income Attributable to The Blackstone Group L.P., Diluted
   $
305,792
     $
742,042
     $
1,397,197
     $
1,968,641
 
                                 
                                 
Units Outstanding
   
     
     
     
 
Weighted-Average Common Units Outstanding, Basic
   
673,655,305
     
681,794,492
     
674,079,074
     
678,156,936
 
Weighted-Average Unvested Deferred Restricted Common Units
   
330,639
     
216,118
     
269,196
     
207,526
 
Weighted-Average Blackstone Holdings Partnership Units
   
     
     
526,244,006
     
532,363,486
 
                                 
Weighted-Average Common Units Outstanding, Diluted
   
673,985,944
     
682,010,610
     
1,200,592,276
     
1,210,727,948
 
                                 
                                 
Net Income Per Common Unit, Basic
   $
0.45
     $
1.09
     $
1.17
     $
1.64
 
                                 
Net Income Per Common Unit, Diluted
   $
0.45
     $
1.09
     $
1.16
     $
1.63
 
                                 
Distributions Declared Per Common Unit (a)
   $
0.37
     $
0.35
     $
0.95
     $
1.20
 
                                 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(a) Distributions declared reflects the calendar date of the declaration for each distribution.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
In computing the dilutive effect that the exchange of Blackstone Holdings Partnership Units would have on net income per common unit, Blackstone considered that net income available to holders of common units would increase due to the elimination of non-controlling interests in Blackstone Holdings, inclusive of any tax impact. Because the hypothetical conversion may result in a different tax rate, the Blackstone Holdings Partnership Units are considered anti-dilutive in certain periods and dilutive in other periods.
 
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The Blackstone Group L.P.
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited)
- Continued
(All Dollars Are in Thousands, Except Unit and Per Unit Data, Except Where Noted)
 
The following table summarizes the anti-dilutive securities for the three and six months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018:
                                 
 
 
Three Months Ended
 
Six Months Ended
 
 
June 30,
 
June 30,
 
 
2019
 
2018
 
        2019          
 
        2018          
 
Weighted-Average Blackstone Holdings Partnership Units
   
526,721,409
     
528,872,187
     
     
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Unit/Stock Repurchase Program
On April 16, 2018, the board of directors of our general partner, Blackstone Group Management L.L.C., authorized the repurchase of up to $1.0 billion of Blackstone common units and Blackstone Holdings Partnership Units (the “2018 Repurchase Authorization”). 
On July 16, 2019, the board of directors of the Corporation authorized the repurchase of up to $1.0 billion of Class A Common Stock and Blackstone Holdings Partnership Units, which authorization replaced the 2018 Repurchase Authorization. Under the repurchase program, stock may be repurchased from time to time in open market transactions, in privately negotiated transactions or otherwise. The timing and the actual number of shares repurchased will depend on a variety of factors, including legal requirements, price and economic and market conditions. The repurchase program may be changed, suspended or discontinued at any time and does not have a specified expiration date.
During the three and six months ended June 30, 2019, Blackstone repurchased 7.0 million and 8.5 million Blackstone common units, respectively, at a total cost of $290.9 million and $343.1 million, respectively. During the three and six months ended June 30, 2018, Blackstone repurchased 2.2 million Blackstone common units at a total cost of $71.7 million. As of June 30, 2019, the amount remaining available for repurchases under the 2018 Repurchase Authorization was $115.4 million.
Common units repurchased includes units for which trades were executed during the three months ended June 30, 2019 and settlement occurred in July 2019.
16. Equity-Based Compensation
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Blackstone 
has granted equity-based compensation awards to Blackstone’s senior managing directors,
non-partner
professionals,
non-professionals
and selected external advisers under
Blackstone
’s
2007
Equity Incentive Plan (the “Equity Plan”). The Equity Plan allows for the granting of options, unit appreciation rights or other unit-based awards (units, restricted units, restricted common units, deferred restricted common units, phantom restricted common units or other unit-based awards based in whole or in part on the fair value of the Blackstone common units or Blackstone Holdings Partnership Units) which may contain certain service or performance requirements. As of January 
1
2019
,
Blackstone 
had the ability to grant
171,502,746
 units under the Equity Plan.
For the three and six months ended June 30, 2019,
Blackstone 
recorded compensation expense of $102.8 million and $224.0 million, respectively, in relation to its equity-based awards with corresponding tax benefits of $15.9 million and $34.5 million, respectively. For the three and six months ended June 30, 2018,
Blackstone 
recorded compensation expense of $116.8 million and $209.0 million, respectively, in relation to its equity-based awards with corresponding tax benefits of $20.1 million and $34.5 million, respectively.
As of June 30, 2019, there was $937.1 million of estimated unrecognized compensation expense related to unvested awards. This cost is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of 3.7 years.
Total vested and unvested outstanding units, including Blackstone common units, Blackstone Holdings Partnership Units and deferred restricted common units, were 1,195,112,059 as of June 30, 2019. Total outstanding unvested phantom units were 49,075 as of June 30, 2019.
 
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The Blackstone Group L.P.
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited)
- Continued
(All Dollars Are in Thousands, Except Unit and Per Unit Data, Except Where Noted)
 
 
A summary of the status of
Blackstone
’s unvested equity-based awards as of June 30, 2019 and of changes during the period January 1, 2019 through June 30, 2019 is presented below:
                                                 
 
Blackstone Holdings
 
The Blackstone Group L.P.
 
 
 
Equity Settled Awards
 
Cash Settled Awards
 
 
 
Deferred
 
 
 
 
 
 
Weighted-
 
Restricted
 
Weighted-
 
 
Weighted-
 
 
 
Average
 
Common
 
Average
                           
 
Average
 
 
Partnership
 
Grant Date
 
Units and
 
Grant Date
 
Phantom
 
Grant Date
 
Unvested Units
 
Units
 
Fair Value
 
Options
 
Fair Value
 
Units
 
Fair Value
 
Balance, December 31, 2018
       
31,554,127
     $           
34.38
         
9,312,268
     $         
31.43
     
46,808
     $       
34.66
 
Granted
   
2,450,200
     
35.29
     
1,731,220
     
30.30
     
     
 
Vested
   
(1,860,292
)    
34.71
     
(1,989,321
)    
29.81
     
(80
)    
33.47
 
Forfeited
   
(92,956
)    
32.17
     
(268,962
)    
31.33
     
     
 
                                                 
Balance, June 30, 2019
   
32,051,079
     $              
34.11
     
8,785,205
     $               
31.56
     
46,728
     $         
38.69
 
                                                 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Units Expected to Vest
The following unvested units, after expected forfeitures, as of June 30, 2019, are expected to vest:
               
 
 
Weighted-
 
 
 
Average
 
 
 
    Service Period    
 
 
Units
 
in Years
 
Blackstone Holdings Partnership Units
   
28,301,673
       
3.2
 
Deferred Restricted Blackstone Common Units
   
7,618,444
   
2.1
 
               
Total Equity-Based Awards
   
        35,920,117
   
3.0
 
               
Phantom Units
   
40,016
   
2.0
 
               
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
17. Related Party Transactions
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Affiliate Receivables and Payables
Due from Affiliates and Due to Affiliates consisted of the following:
                 
 
June 30,
 
December 31,
 
 
2019
 
2018
 
Due from Affiliates
   
     
 
Management Fees, Performance Revenues, Reimbursable Expenses and Other Receivables from
Non-Consolidated
Entities and Portfolio Companies
   $
1,668,055
     $
1,520,100
 
Due from Certain
Non-Controlling
Interest Holders and Blackstone Employees
   
532,374
     
462,475
 
Accrual for Potential Clawback of Previously Distributed Performance Allocations
   
11,308
     
11,548
 
                 
   $         
2,211,737
     $         
1,994,123
 
                 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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The Blackstone Group L.P.
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited)
- Continued
(All Dollars Are in Thousands, Except Unit and Per Unit Data, Except Where Noted)
 
                 
           
 
       June 30,       
 
  December 31,   
 
 
2019
 
2018
 
Due to Affiliates
   
     
 
Due to Certain
Non-Controlling
Interest Holders in Connection with the Tax Receivable Agreements
   $
739,226
     $
796,902
 
Due to
Non-Consolidated
Entities
   
126,625
     
99,728
 
Due to Note-Holders of Consolidated CLO Vehicles
   
94,818
     
56,012
 
Due to Certain
Non-Controlling
Interest Holders and Blackstone Employees
   
51,158
     
53,613
 
Accrual for Potential Repayment of Previously Received Performance Allocations
   
70,072
     
29,521
 
                 
   $
1,081,899
     $
1,035,776
 
                 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Interests of the Founder, Senior Managing Directors, Employees and Other Related Parties
The Founder, senior managing directors, employees and certain other related parties invest on a discretionary basis in the consolidated Blackstone Funds both directly and through consolidated entities. These investments generally are subject to preferential management fee and performance allocation or incentive fee arrangements. As of June 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, such investments aggregated $885.2 million and $842.9 million, respectively. Their share of the Net Income Attributable to Redeemable
Non-Controlling
and
Non-Controlling
Interests in Consolidated Entities aggregated $17.5 million and $37.0 million for the three months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively, and $48.5 million and $65.8 million for the six months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively.
Loans to Affiliates
Loans to affiliates consist of interest bearing advances to certain Blackstone individuals to finance their investments in certain Blackstone Funds. These loans earn interest at Blackstone’s cost of borrowing and such interest totaled $1.8 million and $1.2 million for the three months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively, and $4.2 million and $2.5 million for the six months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively.
Contingent Repayment Guarantee
Blackstone and its personnel who have received Performance Allocation distributions have guaranteed payment on a several basis (subject to a cap) to the carry funds of any clawback obligation with respect to the excess Performance Allocation allocated to the general partners of such funds and indirectly received thereby to the extent that either Blackstone or its personnel fails to fulfill its clawback obligation, if any. The Accrual for Potential Repayment of Previously Received Performance Allocations represents amounts previously paid to Blackstone Holdings and
non-controlling
interest holders that would need to be repaid to the Blackstone Funds if the carry funds were to be liquidated based on the fair value of their underlying investments as of June 30, 2019. See Note 18. “Commitments and Contingencies — Contingencies — Contingent Obligations (Clawback)”.
Aircraft and Other Services
In the normal course of business, Blackstone personnel make use of aircraft owned as personal assets by Stephen A. Schwarzman; an aircraft owned jointly as a personal asset by Hamilton E. James, Blackstone’s Executive Vice Chairman and a Director of Blackstone, and another senior managing director; an aircraft owned as a personal asset by Jonathan D. Gray, Blackstone’s President and Chief Operating Officer and a Director of Blackstone; and an aircraft owned jointly as a personal asset by Bennett J. Goodman,
Co-Founder
of GSO Capital and a Director of Blackstone, and a former senior managing director (each such aircraft, “Personal Aircraft”). Mr. Schwarzman paid for his purchases of his Personal Aircraft himself. Mr. James paid for his interest in his jointly owned Personal Aircraft. Mr. Goodman paid for his interest in his jointly owned Personal Aircraft. Mr. Gray paid for his purchase of his Personal Aircraft himself. Mr. Schwarzman, Mr. James, Mr. Goodman and Mr. Gray respectively bear operating,
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The Blackstone Group L.P.
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited)
- Continued
(All Dollars Are in Thousands, Except Unit and Per Unit Data, Except Where Noted)
 
 
personnel and maintenance costs associated with the operation of such Personal Aircraft. Payment by Blackstone for the use of the Personal Aircraft by Blackstone employees is made based on market rates.
 
In addition, on occasion, certain of Blackstone’s executive officers and employee directors and their families may make personal use of aircraft in which Blackstone owns a fractional interest, as well as other assets of Blackstone. Any such personal use of Blackstone assets is charged to the executive officer or employee director based on market rates and usage. Personal use of Blackstone resources is also reimbursed to Blackstone based on market rates.
The transactions described herein are not material to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
Tax Receivable Agreements
Blackstone used a portion of the proceeds from the IPO and the sale of
non-voting
common units to Beijing Wonderful Investments to purchase interests in the predecessor businesses from the predecessor owners. In addition, holders of Blackstone Holdings Partnership Units may exchange their Blackstone Holdings Partnership Units for Blackstone common units on a
one-for-one
basis. The purchase and subsequent exchanges are expected to result in increases in the tax basis of the tangible and intangible assets of Blackstone Holdings and therefore reduce the amount of tax that Blackstone’s wholly owned subsidiaries would otherwise be required to pay in the future.
One of the subsidiaries of Blackstone which is a corporate taxpayer has entered into tax receivable agreements with each of the predecessor owners and additional tax receivable agreements have been executed, and will continue to be executed, with newly-admitted senior managing directors and others who acquire Blackstone Holdings Partnership Units. The agreements provide for the payment by the corporate taxpayer to such owners of 85% of the amount of cash savings, if any, in U.S. federal, state and local income tax that the corporate taxpayers actually realize as a result of the aforementioned increases in tax basis and of certain other tax benefits related to entering into these tax receivable agreements. For purposes of the tax receivable agreements, cash savings in income tax will be computed by comparing the actual income tax liability of the corporate taxpayers to the amount of such taxes that the corporate taxpayers would have been required to pay had there been no increase to the tax basis of the tangible and intangible assets of Blackstone Holdings as a result of the exchanges and had the corporate taxpayers not entered into the tax receivable agreements.
Assuming no future material changes in the relevant tax law and that the corporate taxpayers earn sufficient taxable income to realize the full tax benefit of the increased amortization of the assets, the expected future payments under the tax receivable agreements (which are taxable to the recipients) will aggregate $739.2 million over the next 15 years. The
after-tax
net present value of these estimated payments totals $268.2 million assuming a 15% discount rate and using Blackstone’s most recent projections relating to the estimated timing of the benefit to be received. Future payments under the tax receivable agreements in respect of subsequent exchanges would be in addition to these amounts. The payments under the tax receivable agreements are not conditioned upon continued ownership of Blackstone equity interests by the
pre-IPO
owners and the others mentioned above.
Amounts related to the deferred tax asset resulting from the increase in tax basis from the exchange of Blackstone Holdings Partnership Units to Blackstone common units, the resulting remeasurement of net deferred tax assets at the Blackstone ownership percentage at the balance sheet date, the due to affiliates for the future payments resulting from the tax receivable agreements and resulting adjustment to partners’ capital are included as Acquisition of Ownership Interests from
Non-Controlling
Interest Holders in the Supplemental Disclosure of
Non-Cash
Investing and Financing Activities in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows.
Other
Blackstone does business with and on behalf of some of its Portfolio Companies; all such arrangements are on a negotiated basis.
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The Blackstone Group L.P.
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited)
- Continued
(All Dollars Are in Thousands, Except Unit and Per Unit Data, Except Where Noted)
 
 
 
Additionally, please see Note 18. “Commitments and Contingencies — Contingencies — Guarantees” for information regarding guarantees provided to a lending institution for certain loans held by employees.
18. Commitments and Contingencies
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Commitments
Investment Commitments
Blackstone had $3.3 billion of investment commitments as of June 30, 2019 representing general partner capital funding commitments to the Blackstone Funds, limited partner capital funding to other funds and Blackstone principal investment commitments. The consolidated Blackstone Funds had signed investment commitments of $116.3 million as of June 30, 2019 which includes $58.4 million of signed investment commitments for portfolio company acquisitions in the process of closing.
Contingencies
Guarantees
Certain of Blackstone’s consolidated real estate funds guarantee payments to third parties in connection with the
on-going
business activities and/or acquisitions of their Portfolio Companies. There is no direct recourse to Blackstone to fulfill such obligations. To the extent that underlying funds are required to fulfill guarantee obligations, Blackstone’s invested capital in such funds is at risk. Total investments at risk in respect of guarantees extended by consolidated real estate funds was $33.1 million as of June 30, 2019.
The Blackstone Holdings Partnerships provided guarantees to a lending institution for certain loans held by employees either for investment in Blackstone Funds or for members’ capital contributions to The Blackstone Group International Partners LLP. The amount guaranteed as of June 30, 2019 was $179.2 million.
Litigation
Blackstone may from time to time be involved in litigation and claims incidental to the conduct of its business. Blackstone’s businesses are also subject to extensive regulation, which may result in regulatory proceedings against
Blackstone
.
Blackstone accrues a liability for legal proceedings only when those matters present loss contingencies that are both probable and reasonably estimable. In such cases, there may be an exposure to loss in excess of any amounts accrued. Although there can be no assurance of the outcome of such legal actions, based on information known by management, Blackstone does not have a potential liability related to any current legal proceeding or claim that would individually or in the aggregate materially affect its results of operations, financial position or cash flows.
In December 2017, a purported derivative suit (Mayberry v. KKR & Co., L.P., et al.) was filed in the Commonwealth of Kentucky Franklin County Circuit Court on behalf of the Kentucky Retirement System (“KRS”) by eight of its members and beneficiaries alleging various breaches of fiduciary duty and other violations of Kentucky state law in connection with KRS’s investment in three hedge funds of funds, including a fund managed by Blackstone Alternative Asset Management L.P. (“BAAM L.P.”). The suit names more than 30 defendants, including The Blackstone Group L.P.; BAAM L.P.; Stephen A. Schwarzman, as Chairman and CEO of Blackstone; and J. Tomilson Hill, as then-President and CEO of the Hedge Fund Solutions Group, Vice Chairman of Blackstone and CEO of BAAM (collectively, the “Blackstone Defendants”). Aside from the Blackstone Defendants, the action also names current and former KRS trustees and former KRS officers and various other service providers to KRS and their related persons.
The plaintiffs filed an amended complaint in January 2018. In November 2018, the Circuit Court granted one defendant’s motion to dismiss and denied all other defendants’ motions to dismiss, including those of the
 
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The Blackstone Group L.P.
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited)
- Continued
(All Dollars Are in Thousands, Except Unit and Per Unit Data, Except Where Noted)
 
 
Blackstone Defendants. In January 2019, certain of the KRS trustee and officer defendants noticed appeals from the denial of the motions to dismiss to the Kentucky Court of Appeals, and also filed a motion to stay the Mayberry proceedings in Circuit Court pending the outcome of those appeals. In addition, several defendants, including Blackstone and BAAM L.P., filed petitions in the Kentucky Court of Appeals for a writ of prohibition against the ongoing Mayberry proceedings on the ground that the plaintiffs lack standing. In April 2019, the KRS trustee and officer defendants’ appeals were transferred to the Kentucky Supreme Court.
On April 23, 2019, the Kentucky Court of Appeals granted the Blackstone Defendants’ petition for a writ of prohibition and vacated the Circuit Court’s November 30, 2018 Opinion and Order denying the motion to dismiss for lack of standing. On April 24, 2019, the Mayberry Plaintiffs filed a notice of appeal of that order to the Kentucky Supreme Court.
 The appeal is scheduled to be fully briefed by August 13, 2019.
Blackstone believes that this suit is totally without merit and intends to defend it vigorously.
Contingent Obligations (Clawback)
Performance Allocations are subject to clawback to the extent that the Performance Allocations received to date with respect to a fund exceeds the amount due to Blackstone based on cumulative results of that fund. The actual clawback liability, however, generally does not become realized until the end of a fund’s life except for certain Blackstone real estate funds, multi-asset class investment funds and credit-focused funds, which may have an interim clawback liability. The lives of the carry funds, including available contemplated extensions, for which a liability for potential clawback obligations has been recorded for financial reporting purposes, are currently anticipated to expire at various points through 2028. Further extensions of such terms may be implemented under given circumstances.
For financial reporting purposes, when applicable, the general partners record a liability for potential clawback obligations to the limited partners of some of the carry funds due to changes in the unrealized value of a fund’s remaining investments and where the fund’s general partner has previously received Performance Allocation distributions with respect to such fund’s realized investments.
The following table presents the clawback obligations by segment:
                                                 
 
June 30, 2019
 
December 31, 2018
 
 
Current and
 
 
 
Current and
 
 
 
Blackstone
 
Former
 
 
Blackstone
 
Former
 
 
Segment
 
Holdings
 
Personnel (a)
 
Total
 
Holdings
 
Personnel (a)
 
Total
 
Real Estate
   $          
15,373
     $         
9,820
     $         
25,193
     $        
15,770
     $          
10,053
     $          
25,823
 
Private Equity
   
52,493
     
(10,451
)    
42,042
     
13,296
     
(12,448
)    
848
 
Credit
   
1,349
     
1,488
     
2,837
     
1,355
     
1,495
     
2,850
 
                                                 
   $
69,215
     $
857
     $
70,072
     $
30,421
     $
(900
)    $
29,521
 
                                                 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(a) The split of clawback between Blackstone Holdings and Current and Former Personnel is based on the performance of individual investments held by a fund rather than on a fund by fund basis.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
For Private Equity, Real Estate, and certain Credit Funds, a portion of the Performance Allocations paid to current and former Blackstone personnel is held in segregated accounts in the event of a cash clawback obligation. These segregated accounts are not included in the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements of
Blackstone
, except to the extent a portion of the assets held in the segregated accounts may be allocated to a consolidated Blackstone fund of hedge funds. At June 30, 2019, $703.6 million was held in segregated accounts for the purpose of meeting any clawback obligations of current and former personnel if such payments are required.
In the Credit segment, payment of Performance Allocations to
Blackstone
by the majority of the stressed/distressed, mezzanine and credit alpha strategies funds are substantially deferred under the terms of the
 
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Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited)
- Continued
(All Dollars Are in Thousands, Except Unit and Per Unit Data, Except Where Noted)
 
partnership agreements. This deferral mitigates the need to hold funds in segregated accounts in the event of a cash clawback obligation.
 
If, at June 30, 2019, all of the investments held by our carry funds were deemed worthless, a possibility that management views as remote, the amount of Performance Allocations subject to potential clawback would be $6.9 billion, on an
after-tax
basis where applicable, of which Blackstone Holdings is potentially liable for $6.3 billion if current and former Blackstone personnel default on their share of the liability, a possibility that management also views as remote.
19. Segment Reporting
Blackstone transacts its primary business in the United States and substantially all of its revenues are generated domestically.
Blackstone conducts its alternative asset management businesses through four segments:
Real Estate – Blackstone’s Real Estate segment primarily comprises its management of global, Europe and Asia-focused opportunistic real estate funds, high-yield real estate debt funds, liquid real estate debt funds, core+ real estate funds, a NYSE-listed REIT and a
non-exchange
traded REIT.
Private Equity – Blackstone’s Private Equity segment primarily comprises its management of flagship corporate private equity funds, sector and geographically-focused corporate private equity funds, including energy and Asia-focused funds, a core private equity fund, an opportunistic investment platform, a secondary fund of funds business, infrastructure-focused funds, a life sciences private investment platform, a multi-asset investment program for eligible high net worth investors and a capital markets services business.
Hedge Fund Solutions – The largest component of Blackstone’s Hedge Fund Solutions segment is Blackstone Alternative Asset Management, which manages a broad range of commingled and customized hedge fund of fund solutions. The segment also includes investment platforms that seed new hedge fund businesses, purchase minority ownership interests in more established hedge funds, invest in special situation opportunities, create alternative solutions in the form of mutual funds and UCITS and trade directly.
Credit – Blackstone’s Credit segment consists principally of GSO Capital Partners LP, which is organized into performing credit strategies (which include mezzanine lending funds, middle market direct lending funds and other performing credit strategy funds), distressed strategies (which include credit alpha strategies, stressed/distressed funds and energy strategies) and long only strategies (which consist of CLOs, closed end funds, open end funds and separately managed accounts). In addition, the segment includes a publicly traded master limited partnership investment platform, Harvest, and our insurer-focused platform, Blackstone Insurance Solutions.
These business segments are differentiated by their various investment strategies. The Real Estate, Private Equity, Hedge Fund Solutions and Credit segments primarily earn their income from management fees and investment returns on assets under management.
Segment Distributable Earnings is Blackstone’s segment profitability measure used to make operating decisions and assess performance across Blackstone’s four segments. Blackstone’s segments are presented on a basis that deconsolidates Blackstone Funds, eliminates
non-controlling
ownership interests in Blackstone’s consolidated operating partnerships, removes the amortization of intangible assets and removes Transaction-Related Charges. Transaction-Related Charges arise from corporate actions including acquisitions, divestitures and Blackstone’s initial public offering. They consist primarily of equity-based compensation charges, gains and losses on contingent consideration arrangements, changes in the balance of the Tax Receivable Agreement resulting from
 
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(Unaudited)
- Continued
(All Dollars Are in Thousands, Except Unit and Per Unit Data, Except Where Noted)
 
 
a change in tax law or similar event, transaction costs and any gains or losses associated with these corporate actions.
 
For segment reporting purposes, Segment Distributable Earnings is presented along with its major components, Fee​​​​​​​ Related Earnings and Net Realizations. Fee Related Earnings is used to assess Blackstone’s ability to generate profits from revenues that are measured and received on a recurring basis and not subject to future realization events. Net Realizations is the sum of Realized Principal Investment Income and Realized Performance Revenues less Realized Performance Compensation. Performance Allocations and Incentive Fees are presented together and referred to collectively as Performance Revenues or Performance Compensation.
Segment Presentation
The following tables present the financial data for Blackstone’s four segments for the three months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018:
                                         
 
Three Months Ended June 30, 2019
 
Real
 
Private
 
Hedge Fund
 
 
Total
 
Estate
 
Equity
 
Solutions
 
Credit
 
Segments
Management and Advisory Fees, Net    
     
     
     
     
 
Base Management Fees
   $       
255,636
     $      
265,139
     $      
136,990
     $      
147,550
     $     
805,315
 
Transaction, Advisory and Other Fees, Net
   
23,990
     
31,526
     
723
     
5,256
     
61,495
 
Management Fee Offsets
   
(1,686
)    
(17,689
)    
     
(3,279
)    
(22,654
)
                                         
Total Management and Advisory Fees, Net
   
277,940
     
278,976
     
137,713
     
149,527
     
844,156
 
Fee Related Performance Revenues
   
11,072
     
     
     
2,552
     
13,624
 
Fee Related Compensation
   
(97,795
)    
(105,107
)    
(36,622
)    
(54,310
)    
(293,834
)
Other Operating Expenses
   
(40,114
)    
(40,429
)    
(21,112
)    
(40,466
)    
(142,121
)
                                         
Fee Related Earnings
   
151,103
     
133,440
     
79,979
     
57,303
     
421,825
 
                                         
Realized Performance Revenues
   
198,573
     
122,907
     
11,960
     
7,946
     
341,386
 
Realized Performance Compensation
   
(67,742
)    
(52,081
)    
(2,175
)    
(3,468
)    
(125,466
)
Realized Principal Investment Income
   
47,420
     
42,906
     
12,306
     
20,925
     
123,557
 
                                         
Total Net Realizations
   
178,251
     
113,732
     
22,091
     
25,403
     
339,477
 
                                         
Total Segment Distributable Earnings
   $
329,354
     $
247,172
     $
102,070
     $
82,706
     $
761,302
 
                                         
 
58
 
 
Table of Contents
 
The Blackstone Group L.P.
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited)
- Continued
(All Dollars Are in Thousands, Except Unit and Per Unit Data, Except Where Noted)
 
 
                                                                                                                                                            
 
Three Months Ended June 30, 2018
 
Real
 
Private
 
Hedge Fund
 
 
Total
 
Estate
 
Equity
 
Solutions
 
Credit
 
Segments
Management and Advisory Fees, Net
   
     
     
     
     
 
Base Management Fees
   $
249,680
     $
195,521
     $
129,553
     $
118,161
     $
692,915
 
Transaction, Advisory and Other Fees, Net
   
23,859
     
12,780
     
812
     
3,461
     
40,912
 
Management Fee Offsets
   
(3,785
)    
(4,351
)    
     
(2,697
)    
(10,833
)
                                         
Total Management and Advisory Fees, Net
   
269,754
     
203,950
     
130,365
     
118,925
     
722,994
 
Fee Related Performance Revenues
   
45,515
     
     
     
     
45,515
 
Fee Related Compensation
   
(120,783
)    
(94,170
)    
(40,533
)    
(50,757
)    
(306,243
)
Other Operating Expenses
   
(36,026
)    
(36,047
)    
(18,494
)    
(31,899
)    
(122,466
)
                                         
Fee Related Earnings
   
158,460
     
73,733
     
71,338
     
36,269
     
339,800
 
                                         
Realized Performance Revenues
   
317,509
     
138,171
     
7,270
     
14,594
     
477,544
 
Realized Performance Compensation
   
(94,716
)    
(68,513
)    
(2,546
)    
(7,119
)    
(172,894
)
Realized Principal Investment Income
   
50,199
     
32,600
     
7,766
     
4,082
     
94,647
 
                                         
Total Net Realizations
   
272,992
     
102,258
     
12,490
     
11,557
     
399,297
 
                                         
Total Segment Distributable Earnings
   $
431,452
     $
175,991
     $
83,828
     $
47,826
     $
739,097
 
                                         
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
The following tables present the financial data for Blackstone’s four segments as of June 30, 2019 and for the six months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018:
                                                                                                                                                            
 
June 30, 2019 and the Six Months Then Ended
 
Real
 
Private
 
Hedge Fund
 
 
Total
 
Estate
 
Equity
 
Solutions
 
Credit
 
Segments
Management and Advisory Fees, Net
   
     
     
     
     
 
Base Management Fees
   $
515,881
     $
484,556
     $
274,318
     $
288,078
     $
1,562,833
 
Transaction, Advisory and Other Fees, Net
   
47,901
     
68,817
     
1,041
     
8,886
     
126,645
 
Management Fee Offsets
   
(1,966
)    
(22,674
)    
     
(6,620
)    
(31,260
)
                                         
Total Management and Advisory Fees, Net
   
561,816
     
530,699
     
275,359
     
290,344
     
1,658,218
 
Fee Related Performance Revenues
   
17,748
     
     
     
3,655
     
21,403
 
Fee Related Compensation
   
(212,611
)    
(212,694
)    
(79,576
)    
(112,984
)    
(617,865
)
Other Operating Expenses
   
(79,100
)    
(74,630
)    
(38,997
)    
(72,705
)    
(265,432
)
                                         
Fee Related Earnings
   
287,853
     
243,375
     
156,786
     
108,310
     
796,324
 
                                         
Realized Performance Revenues
   
275,755
     
279,506
     
16,051
     
16,843
     
588,155
 
Realized Performance Compensation
   
(97,642
)    
(102,637
)    
(3,588
)    
(6,839
)    
(210,706
)
Realized Principal Investment Income
   
45,289
     
68,045
     
12,023
     
24,108
     
149,465
 
                                         
Total Net Realizations
   
223,402
     
244,914
     
24,486
     
34,112
     
526,914
 
                                         
Total Segment Distributable Earnings
   $
511,255
     $
488,289
     $
181,272
     $
142,422
     $
1,323,238
 
                                         
Segment Assets
   $
8,305,170
     $
8,296,560
     $
2,078,511
     $
3,771,007
     $
22,451,248
 
                                         
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
59
 

 
Table of Contents
 
The Blackstone Group L.P.
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited)
- Continued
(All Dollars Are in Thousands, Except Unit and Per Unit Data, Except Where Noted)
 
 
                                                                                                                                                            
 
Six Months Ended June 30, 2018
 
Real
 
Private
 
Hedge Fund
 
 
Total
 
Estate
 
Equity
 
Solutions
 
Credit
 
Segments
Management and Advisory Fees, Net
   
     
     
     
     
 
Base Management Fees
   $
476,206
     $
378,482
     $
258,781
     $
286,602
     $
1,400,071
 
Transaction, Advisory and Other Fees, Net
   
46,947
     
23,874
     
1,157
     
6,000
     
77,978
 
Management Fee Offsets
   
(5,453
)    
(7,544
)    
     
(6,014
)    
(19,011
)
                                         
Total Management and Advisory Fees, Net
   
517,700
     
394,812
     
259,938
     
286,588
     
1,459,038
 
Fee Related Performance Revenues
   
50,018
     
     
     
(666
)    
49,352
 
Fee Related Compensation
   
(221,393
)    
(183,736
)    
(80,172
)    
(117,016
)    
(602,317
)
Other Operating Expenses
   
(65,443
)    
(67,198
)    
(37,279
)    
(59,638
)    
(229,558
)
                                         
Fee Related Earnings
   
280,882
     
143,878
     
142,487
     
109,268
     
676,515
 
                                         
Realized Performance Revenues
   
468,690
     
215,294
     
17,447
     
54,484
     
755,915
 
Realized Performance Compensation
   
(150,831
)    
(101,558
)    
(5,469
)    
(29,865
)    
(287,723
)
Realized Principal Investment Income
   
64,889
     
38,938
     
8,406
     
11,107
     
123,340
 
                                         
Total Net Realizations
   
382,748
     
152,674
     
20,384
     
35,726
     
591,532
 
                                         
Total Segment Distributable Earnings
   $
663,630
     $
296,552
     $
162,871
     $
144,994
     $
1,268,047
 
                                         
 
 
 
 
 
 
Reconciliations of Total Segment Amounts
The following tables reconcile the Total Segment Revenues, Expenses and Distributable Earnings to their equivalent GAAP measure for the three and six months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018 along with Total Assets as of June 30, 2019:
                                                                                                                             
 
Three Months Ended
 
Six Months Ended
 
June 30,
 
June 30,
 
2019
 
2018
 
2019
 
2018
Revenues
   
     
     
     
 
Total GAAP Revenues
   $
1,486,806
     $
2,632,570
     $
3,511,677
     $
4,401,701
 
Less: Unrealized Performance Revenues (a)
   
(157,398
)    
(440,424
)    
(821,731
)    
(1,068,763
)
Less: Unrealized Principal Investment (Income)
Loss (b)
   
56,353
     
(52,126
)    
(83,572
)    
(66,104
)
Less: Interest and Dividend Revenue (c)
   
(45,991
)    
(41,727
)    
(92,690
)    
(78,112
)
Less: Other Revenue (d)
   
20,150
     
(94,416
)    
6,961
     
(33,522
)
Impact of Consolidation (e)
   
(35,119
)    
(82,752
)    
(104,968
)    
(186,276
)
Amortization of Intangibles (f)
   
387
     
387
     
774
     
774
 
Transaction-Related Charges (g)
   
(4,174
)    
(582,105
)    
(2,706
)    
(584,687
)
Intersegment Eliminations
   
1,709
     
1,293
     
3,496
     
2,634
 
                                 
Total Segment Revenue (h)
   $
1,322,723
     $
1,340,700
     $
2,417,241
     $
2,387,645
 
                                 
 
 
 
 
 
60
 

 
Table of Contents
 
The Blackstone Group L.P.
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited)
- Continued
(All Dollars Are in Thousands, Except Unit and Per Unit Data, Except Where Noted)
 
 
                                 
 
Three Months Ended
 
Six Months Ended
 
June 30,
 
June 30,
 
2019
 
2018
 
2019
 
2018
 
Expenses
   
     
     
     
 
Total GAAP Expenses
   $
862,240
     $
1,016,381
     $
1,903,404
     $
1,999,312
 
Less: Unrealized Performance Allocations Compensation (i)
   
(64,518
)    
(189,991
)    
(351,533
)    
(444,426
)
Less: Equity-Based Compensation (j)
   
(53,105
)    
(34,394
)    
(119,881
)    
(78,542
)
Less: Interest Expense (k)
   
(43,230
)    
(38,885
)    
(84,868
)    
(77,123
)
Impact of Consolidation (e)
   
(14,411
)    
(26,288
)    
(25,272
)    
(86,187
)
Amortization of Intangibles (f)
   
(16,096
)    
(14,486
)    
(32,192
)    
(28,972
)
Transaction-Related Charges (g)
   
(111,168
)    
(112,027
)    
(199,151
)    
(167,098
)
Intersegment Eliminations
   
1,709
     
1,293
     
3,496
     
2,634
 
                                 
Total Segment Expenses (l)
   $
561,421
     $
601,603
     $
1,094,003
     $
1,119,598
 
                                 
                                 
 
Three Months Ended
 
Six Months Ended
 
June 30,
 
June 30,
 
2019
 
2018
 
2019
 
2018
 
Other Income
   
     
     
     
 
Total GAAP Other Income
   $
61,131
     $
73,519
     $
191,456
     $
184,118
 
Impact of Consolidation (e)
   
(61,131
)    
(73,519
)    
(191,456
)    
(184,118
)
                                 
Total Segment Other Income
   $
     $
     $
     $
 
                                 
                                 
 
Three Months Ended
 
Six Months Ended
 
June 30,
 
June 30,
 
2019
 
2018
 
2019
 
2018
 
Income Before Provision for Taxes
   
     
     
     
 
Total GAAP Income Before Provision for Taxes
   $
685,697
     $
1,689,708
     $
1,799,729
     $
2,586,507
 
Less: Unrealized Performance 
Revenues (a)
   
(157,398
)    
(440,424
)    
(821,731
)    
(1,068,763
)
Less: Unrealized Principal Investment (Income) Loss (b)
   
56,353
     
(52,126
)    
(83,572
)    
(66,104
)
Less: Interest and Dividend Revenue (c)
   
(45,991
)    
(41,727
)    
(92,690
)    
(78,112
)
Less: Other Revenue (d)
   
20,150
     
(94,416
)    
6,961
     
(33,522
)
Plus: Unrealized Performance Allocations Compensation (i)
   
64,518
     
189,991
     
351,533
     
444,426
 
Plus: Equity-Based Compensation (j)
   
53,105
     
34,394
     
119,881
     
78,542
 
Plus: Interest Expense (k)
   
43,230
     
38,885
     
84,868
     
77,123
 
Impact of Consolidation (e)
   
(81,839
)    
(129,983
)    
(271,152
)    
(284,207
)
Amortization of Intangibles (f)
   
16,483
     
14,873
     
32,966
     
29,746
 
Transaction-Related Charges (g)
   
106,994
     
(470,078
)    
196,445
     
(417,589
)
                                 
Total Segment Distributable Earnings
   $
761,302
     $
739,097
     $
1,323,238
     $
1,268,047
 
                                 
 
61
 
 
Table of Contents
 
The Blackstone Group L.P.
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited)
- Continued
(All Dollars Are in Thousands, Except Unit and Per Unit Data, Except Where Noted)
 
 
         
 
 
As of
 
 
 
June 30,
 
 
 
2019
 
Total Assets
   
 
 
Total GAAP Assets
   $
30,972,213
 
Impact of Consolidation (e)
   
(8,520,965
)
         
Total Segment Assets
   $
   22,451,248
 
         
 
Segment basis presents revenues and expenses on a basis that deconsolidates the investment funds Blackstone manages and excludes the amortization of intangibles and Transaction-Related Charges.
(a) This adjustment removes Unrealized Performance Revenues on a segment basis.
(b) This adjustment removes Unrealized Principal Investment Income on a segment basis.
(c) This adjustment removes Interest and Dividend Revenue on a segment basis.
(d) This adjustment removes Other Revenue on a segment basis.
(e) This adjustment reverses the effect of consolidating Blackstone Funds, which are excluded from Blackstone’s segment presentation. This adjustment includes the elimination of Blackstone’s interest in these funds, the removal of revenue from the reimbursement of certain expenses by the Blackstone Funds, which are presented gross under GAAP but netted against Management and Advisory Fees, Net in the Total Segment measures, and the removal of amounts associated with the ownership of Blackstone consolidated operating partnerships held by non-controlling interests.
(f) This adjustment removes the amortization of transaction-related intangibles, which are excluded from Blackstone’s segment presentation. This amount includes amortization of intangibles associated with Blackstone’s investment in Pátria, which is accounted for under the equity method.
(g) This adjustment removes Transaction-Related Charges, which are excluded from Blackstone’s segment presentation. Transaction-Related Charges arise from corporate actions including acquisitions, divestitures, and Blackstone’s initial public offering. They consist primarily of equity-based compensation charges, gains and losses on contingent consideration arrangements, changes in the balance of the Tax Receivable Agreement resulting from a change in tax law or similar event, transaction costs and any gains or losses associated with these corporate actions.
(h) Total Segment Revenues is comprised of the following:
  
                                 
 
Three Months Ended
 
Six Months Ended
 
June 30,
 
June 30,
 
2019
 
2018
 
2019
 
2018
 
Total Segment Management and Advisory Fees, Net
   $
844,156
     $
722,994
     $
1,658,218
     $
1,459,038
 
Total Segment Fee Related Performance Revenues
   
13,624
     
45,515
     
21,403
     
49,352
 
Total Segment Realized Performance Revenues
   
341,386
     
477,544
     
588,155
     
755,915
 
Total Segment Realized Principal Investment Income
   
123,557
     
94,647
     
149,465
     
123,340
 
                                 
Total Segment Revenues
   $   
1,322,723
     $   
1,340,700
     $   
2,417,241
     $   
2,387,645
 
                                 
(i) This adjustment removes Unrealized Performance Allocations Compensation.
(j) This adjustment removes Equity-Based Compensation on a segment basis.
(k) This adjustment removes Interest Expense, excluding interest expense related to the Tax Receivable Agreement.
 
62
 

 
Table of Contents
 
The Blackstone Group L.P.
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited)
- Continued
(All Dollars Are in Thousands, Except Unit and Per Unit Data, Except Where Noted)
 
 
(l) Total Segment Expenses is comprised of the following:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
                                 
 
Three Months Ended
 
Six Months Ended
 
June 30,
 
June 30,
 
2019
 
2018
 
2019
 
2018
 
Total Segment Fee Related Compensation
   $     
293,834
     $     
306,243
     $      
617,865
     $     
602,317
 
Total Segment Realized Performance Compensation
   
125,466
     
172,894
     
210,706
     
287,723
 
Total Segment Other Operating Expenses
   
142,121
     
122,466
     
265,432
     
229,558
 
                                 
Total Segment Expenses
   $
561,421
     $
601,603
     $
1,094,003
     $
1,119,598
 
                                 
 
 
Reconciliations of Total Segment Components
The following tables reconcile the components of Total Segments to their equivalent GAAP measures, reported on the Condensed Consolidated Statement of Operations for the three and six months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018:
                                 
 
Three Months Ended
 
Six Months Ended
 
June 30,
 
June 30,
 
2019
 
2018
 
2019
 
2018
 
Management and Advisory Fees, Net
   
     
     
     
 
GAAP
   $
840,378
     $
721,384
     $
1,650,104
     $
1,450,233
 
Segment Adjustment (a)
   
3,778
     
1,610
     
8,114
     
8,805
 
                                 
Total Segment
   $
844,156
     $
722,994
     $
1,658,218
     $
1,459,038
 
                                 
 
 
 
 
 
 
                                 
 
Three Months Ended
 
Six Months Ended
 
June 30,
 
June 30,
 
2019
 
2018
 
2019
 
2018
 
GAAP Realized Performance Revenues to Total Segment Fee Related Performance Revenues
   
     
     
     
 
GAAP
   
     
     
     
 
Incentive Fees
   $
21,915
     $
19,378
     $
34,047
     $
31,944
 
Investment Income - Realized Performance Allocations
   
332,520
     
503,376
     
574,895
     
773,016
 
                                 
GAAP
   
354,435
     
522,754
     
608,942
     
804,960
 
Total Segment
   
     
     
     
 
Less: Realized Performance Revenues
   
(341,386
)    
(477,544
)    
(588,155
)    
(755,915
)
Segment Adjustment (b)
   
575
     
305
     
616
     
307
 
                                 
Total Segment
   $
13,624
     $
45,515
     $
21,403
     $
49,352
 
                                 
 
 
 
 
63
 
 
 
Table of Contents
 
The Blackstone Group L.P.
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited)
- Continued
(All Dollars Are in Thousands, Except Unit and Per Unit Data, Except Where Noted)
 
 
                                 
 
Three Months Ended
 
Six Months Ended
 
June 30,
 
June 30,
 
2019
 
2018
 
2019
 
2018
 
GAAP Compensation to Total Segment Fee Related Compensation
   
     
     
     
 
GAAP
   
     
     
     
 
Compensation
   $
438,521
     $
427,479
     $
909,918
     $
816,882
 
Incentive Fee Compensation
   
8,886
     
9,743
     
14,292
     
16,405
 
Realized Performance Allocations Compensation
   
125,825
     
186,398
     
212,220
     
298,460
 
                                 
GAAP
   
573,232
     
623,620
     
1,136,430
     
1,131,747
 
Total Segment
   
     
     
     
 
Less: Realized Performance Compensation
   
(125,466
)    
(172,894
)    
(210,706
)    
(287,723
)
Less: Equity-Based Compensation - Operating Compensation
   
(50,225
)    
(31,483
)    
(113,933
)    
(71,731
)
Less: Equity-Based Compensation - Performance Compensation
   
(2,880
)    
(2,911
)    
(5,948
)    
(6,811
)
Segment Adjustment (c)
   
(100,827
)    
(110,089
)    
(187,978
)    
(163,165
)
                                 
Total Segment
   $
293,834
     $
306,243
     $
617,865
     $
602,317
 
                                 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
                                 
 
Three Months Ended
 
Six Months Ended
 
June 30,
 
June 30,
 
2019
 
2018
 
2019
 
2018
 
GAAP General, Administrative and Other to Total Segment Other Operating Expenses
   
     
     
     
 
GAAP
   $
175,308
     $
145,828
     $
321,370
     $
272,541
 
Segment Adjustment (d)
   
(33,187
)    
(23,362
)    
(55,938
)    
(42,983
)
                                 
Total Segment
   $
142,121
     $
122,466
     $
265,432
     $
229,558
 
                                 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
                                 
 
Three Months Ended
 
Six Months Ended
 
June 30,
 
June 30,
 
2019
 
2018
 
2019
 
2018
 
Realized Performance Revenues
   
     
     
     
 
GAAP
   
     
     
     
 
Incentive Fees
   $
21,915
     $
19,378
     $
34,047
     $
31,944
 
Investment Income - Realized Performance Allocations
   
332,520
     
503,376
     
574,895
     
773,016
 
                                 
GAAP
   
354,435
     
522,754
     
608,942
     
804,960
 
Total Segment
   
     
     
     
 
Less: Fee Related Performance Revenues
   
(13,624
)    
(45,515
)    
(21,403
)    
(49,352
)
Segment Adjustment (b)
   
575
     
305
     
616
     
307
 
                                 
Total Segment
   $
341,386
     $
477,544
     $
588,155
     $
755,915
 
                                 
 
 
 
 
 
64
 
 
Table of Contents
 
The Blackstone Group L.P.
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited)
- Continued
(All Dollars Are in Thousands, Except Unit and Per Unit Data, Except Where Noted)
 
 
                                                                                                                             
 
Three Months Ended
 
Six Months Ended
 
June 30,
 
June 30,
 
2019
 
2018
 
2019
 
2018
 
Realized Performance Compensation
   
     
     
     
 
GAAP
   
     
     
     
 
Incentive Fee Compensation
   $
8,886
     $
9,743
     $
14,292
     $
16,405
 
Realized Performance Allocation Compensation
   
125,825
     
186,398
     
212,220
     
298,460
 
                                 
GAAP
   
134,711
     
196,141
     
226,512
     
314,865
 
Total Segment
   
     
     
     
 
Less: Fee Related Performance Compensation
   
(6,365
)    
(20,336
)    
(9,858
)    
(20,331
)
Less: Equity-Based Compensation - Performance Compensation
   
(2,880
)    
(2,911
)    
(5,948
)    
(6,811
)
                                 
Total Segment
   $
125,466
     $
172,894
     $
210,706
     $
287,723
 
                                 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
                                                                                                                             
 
Three Months Ended
 
Six Months Ended
 
June 30,
 
June 30,
 
2019
 
2018
 
2019
 
2018
 
Realized Principal Investment Income
   
     
     
     
 
GAAP
   $
145,040
     $
129,197
     $
218,301
     $
171,342
 
Segment Adjustment (e)
   
(21,483
)    
(34,550
)    
(68,836
)    
(48,002
)
                                 
Total Segment
   $
123,557
     $
94,647
     $
149,465
     $
123,340
 
                                 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Segment basis presents revenues and expenses on a basis that deconsolidates the investment funds Blackstone manages and excludes the amortization of intangibles, the expense of equity-based awards and Transaction-Related Charges.
(a) Represents (1) the add back of net management fees earned from consolidated Blackstone Funds which have been eliminated in consolidation, and (2) the removal of revenue from the reimbursement of certain expenses by the Blackstone Funds, which are presented gross under GAAP but netted against Management and Advisory Fees, Net in the Total Segment measures.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(b) Represents the add back of Performance Revenues earned from consolidated Blackstone Funds which have been eliminated in consolidation.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(c) Represents the removal of Transaction-Related Charges that are not recorded in the Total Segment measures.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(d) Represents the removal of (1) the amortization of transaction-related intangibles, and (2) certain expenses reimbursed by the Blackstone Funds, which are presented gross under GAAP but netted against Management and Advisory Fees, Net in the Total Segment measures.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(e) Represents (1) the add back of Principal Investment Income, including general partner income, earned from consolidated Blackstone Funds which have been eliminated in consolidation, and (2) the removal of amounts associated with the ownership of Blackstone consolidated operating partnerships held by
non-controlling
interests.
 
 
 
 
20.
 Subsequent Events
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Effective July 1, 2019, The Blackstone Group L.P. converted from a Delaware limited partnership to a Delaware corporation, The Blackstone Group Inc. See Note 1. “Organization”.
 
65
 
 
 
Table of Contents
 
Item 1A. Unaudited Supplemental Presentation of Statements of Financial Condition
THE BLACKSTONE GROUP L.P.
Unaudited Consolidating Statements of Financial Condition
(Dollars in Thousands)
                                                                                                                             
 
 
June 30, 2019
 
 
Consolidated
 
Consolidated
 
 
 
 
Operating
 
Blackstone
 
Reclasses and
 
 
 
 
 
Partnerships
 
Funds (a)
 
Eliminations
 
Consolidated
 
Assets
   
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
 
Cash and Cash Equivalents
   $
1,484,444
     $
     $
     $
1,484,444
 
Cash Held by Blackstone Funds and Other
   
     
324,609
     
     
324,609
 
Investments
   
14,250,246
     
8,633,794
     
(642,000
)    
22,242,040
 
Accounts Receivable
   
432,088
     
369,978
     
     
802,066
 
Due from Affiliates
   
2,377,752
     
18,411
     
(184,426
)    
2,211,737
 
Intangible Assets, Net
   
433,007
     
     
     
433,007
 
Goodwill
   
1,869,860
     
     
     
1,869,860
 
Other Assets
   
353,654
     
599
     
     
354,253
 
Right-of-Use
Assets
   
507,065
     
     
     
507,065
 
Deferred Tax Assets
   
743,132
     
     
     
743,132
 
                                 
Total Assets
   $
22,451,248
     $
9,347,391
     $
(826,426
)    $
30,972,213
 
                                 
                                 
Liabilities and Partners’ Capital
   
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
 
Loans Payable
   $
4,139,917
     $
6,536,221
     $
     $
10,676,138
 
Due to Affiliates
   
910,264
     
716,293
     
(544,658
)    
1,081,899
 
Accrued Compensation and Benefits
   
3,308,595
     
     
     
3,308,595
 
Securities Sold, Not Yet Purchased
   
46,338
     
82,174
     
     
128,512
 
Repurchase Agreements
   
     
207,676
     
     
207,676
 
Operating Lease Liabilities
   
574,619
     
     
     
574,619
 
Accounts Payable, Accrued Expenses and Other Liabilities
   
518,973
     
410,715
     
     
929,688
 
                                 
Total Liabilities
   
9,498,706
     
7,953,079
     
(544,658
)    
16,907,127
 
                                 
                                 
Redeemable
Non-Controlling
Interests in Consolidated Entities
   
22,001
     
79,309
     
     
101,310
 
                                 
                                 
Partners’ Capital
   
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
 
Partners’ Capital
   
6,335,897
     
281,768
     
(281,768
)    
6,335,897
 
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss
   
(27,542
)    
     
     
(27,542
)
Non-Controlling
Interests in Consolidated Entities
   
2,836,068
     
1,033,235
     
     
3,869,303
 
Non-Controlling
Interests in Blackstone Holdings
   
3,786,118
     
     
     
3,786,118
 
                                 
Total Partners’ Capital
   
12,930,541
     
1,315,003
     
(281,768
)    
13,963,776
 
                                 
Total Liabilities and Partners’ Capital
   $
22,451,248
     $
9,347,391
     $
(826,426
)    $
30,972,213
 
                                 
 
 
66
 
 
 
Table of Contents
 
THE BLACKSTONE GROUP L.P.
Unaudited Consolidating Statements of Financial Condition
(Dollars in Thousands)
                                                                                                                             
 
 
December 31, 2018
 
 
Consolidated
 
Consolidated
 
 
 
 
Operating
 
Blackstone
 
Reclasses and
 
 
 
 
 
Partnerships
 
Funds (a)
 
Eliminations
 
Consolidated
 
Assets
   
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
 
Cash and Cash Equivalents
   $
2,207,841
     $
     $
     $
2,207,841
 
Cash Held by Blackstone Funds and Other
   
     
337,320
     
     
337,320
 
Investments
   
12,596,138
     
8,376,338
     
(595,445
)    
20,377,031
 
Accounts Receivable
   
455,308
     
180,930
     
     
636,238
 
Due from Affiliates
   
2,011,324
     
7,405
     
(24,606
)    
1,994,123
 
Intangible Assets, Net
   
468,507
     
     
     
468,507
 
Goodwill
   
1,869,860
     
     
     
1,869,860
 
Other Assets
   
290,366
     
3,882
     
     
294,248
 
Deferred Tax Assets
   
739,482
     
     
     
739,482
 
                                 
Total Assets
   $
20,638,826
     $
8,905,875
     $
(620,051
)    $
28,924,650
 
                                 
                                 
Liabilities and Partners’ Capital
   
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
 
Loans Payable
   $
3,471,151
     $
6,480,711
     $
     $
9,951,862
 
Due to Affiliates
   
907,748
     
470,780
     
(342,752
)    
1,035,776
 
Accrued Compensation and Benefits
   
2,942,128
     
     
     
2,942,128
 
Securities Sold, Not Yet Purchased
   
50,014
     
92,603
     
     
142,617
 
Repurchase Agreements
   
     
222,202
     
     
222,202
 
Accounts Payable, Accrued Expenses and Other Liabilities
   
622,490
     
253,489
     
     
875,979
 
                                 
Total Liabilities
   
7,993,531
     
7,519,785
     
(342,752
)    
15,170,564
 
                                 
                                 
Redeemable
Non-Controlling
Interests in Consolidated Entities
   
22,000
     
119,779
     
     
141,779
 
                                 
                                 
Partners’ Capital
   
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
 
Partners’ Capital
   
6,415,700
     
277,299
     
(277,299
)    
6,415,700
 
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss
   
(36,476
)    
     
     
(36,476
)
Non-Controlling
Interests in Consolidated Entities
   
2,659,754
     
989,012
     
     
3,648,766
 
Non-Controlling
Interests in Blackstone Holdings
   
3,584,317
     
     
     
3,584,317
 
                                 
Total Partners’ Capital
   
12,623,295
     
1,266,311
     
(277,299
)    
13,612,307
 
                                 
Total Liabilities and Partners’ Capital
   $
20,638,826
     $
8,905,875
     $
(620,051
)    $
28,924,650
 
                                 
 
 
 
(a) The Consolidated Blackstone Funds consisted of the following:
 
 
Blackstone / GSO Global Dynamic Credit Feeder Fund (Cayman) LP
Blackstone / GSO Global Dynamic Credit Funding Designated Activity Company
Blackstone / GSO Global Dynamic Credit Master Fund
Blackstone / GSO Global Dynamic Credit USD Feeder Fund (Ireland)
Blackstone Real Estate Special Situations Fund L.P.*
Blackstone Real Estate Special Situations Offshore Fund Ltd.
Blackstone Strategic Alliance Fund L.P.
BSSF I AIV L.P.*
BTD CP Holdings LP
Collateralized loan obligation vehicles
 
67
 
 
 
Table of Contents
Mezzanine
side-by-side
investment vehicles
Private equity
side-by-side
investment vehicles
Real estate
side-by-side
investment vehicles
* Consolidated as of December 31, 2018 only.
Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
The following discussion and analysis should be read in conjunction with The Blackstone Group L.P.’s condensed consolidated financial statements and the related notes included within this Quarterly Report on Form
 10-Q.
Effective July 1, 2019, The Blackstone Group L.P. converted from a Delaware limited partnership to a Delaware corporation, The Blackstone Group Inc. (the “Conversion”). This report includes results for The Blackstone Group L.P. prior to the Conversion and for the quarter ended June 30, 2019. In this report, references to “Blackstone,” the “Corporation,” the “Partnership,” “we,” “us” or “our” refer to (a) The Blackstone Group Inc. and its consolidated subsidiaries following the Conversion and (b) The Blackstone Group L.P. and its consolidated subsidiaries prior to the Conversion. All references to shares or per share amounts prior to the Conversion refer to units or per unit amounts. See “– Conversion to a Corporation.”
Our Business
Blackstone is one of the largest independent managers of private capital in the world. Our business is organized into four segments:
 
Real Estate.
Our real estate group is one of the largest real estate investment managers in the world. We operate as one globally integrated business, with investments in North America, Europe, Asia and Latin America. Our real estate investment team seeks to establish a differentiated view and capitalizes on our scale and proprietary information advantages to invest with conviction and generate attractive risk-adjusted returns for our investors over the long-term.
 
 
 
Our Blackstone Real Estate Partners (“BREP”) funds are geographically diversified and target a broad range of “opportunistic” real estate and real estate related investments. The BREP funds include global funds as well as funds focused specifically on Europe or Asia investments. We seek to acquire high quality, well-located yet undermanaged assets at an attractive basis, address any property or business issues through active asset management and sell the assets once our business plan is accomplished. BREP has made significant investments in hotels, office buildings, industrial assets, residential and shopping centers, as well as a variety of real estate operating companies.
Our core+ real estate business, Blackstone Property Partners (“BPP”) has assembled a global portfolio of high quality core+ investments across the U.S., Europe and Asia. We manage several core+ real estate funds, which target substantially stabilized assets in prime markets with a focus on industrial, multifamily, office and retail assets.
BREIT, a
non-exchange
traded real estate investment trust (“REIT”), is focused on investing primarily in stabilized income-oriented commercial real estate in the U.S.
Our Blackstone Real Estate Debt Strategies (“BREDS”) vehicles target debt investment opportunities collateralized by commercial real estate in both public and private markets, primarily in the U.S. and Europe. BREDS’ scale and investment mandates enable it to provide a variety of lending and investment options including mezzanine loans, senior loans and liquid securities. The BREDS platform includes a number of high-yield real estate debt funds, liquid real estate debt funds and BXMT, a NYSE-listed REIT.
 
Private Equity.
We are a world leader in private equity investing, having managed eight general private equity funds, as well as four sector-focused funds and a geographically-focused fund, since we established this business in 1987. Our Private Equity segment includes our corporate private equity business, which
 
 
 
 
68
 
 
 
 
  consists of (a) our flagship private equity funds (Blackstone Capital Partners (“BCP”) funds), (b) our sector-focused private equity funds, including our energy-focused funds (Blackstone Energy Partners (“BEP”) funds), (c) our Asia-focused funds (Blackstone Capital Partners Asia (“BCP Asia”) funds) and (d) our core private equity fund, Blackstone Core Equity Partners (“BCEP”). In addition, our Private Equity segment includes (a) our opportunistic investment platform that invests globally across asset classes, industries and geographies, Blackstone Tactical Opportunities (“Tactical Opportunities”), (b) our secondary fund of funds business, Strategic Partners Fund Solutions (“Strategic Partners”), (c) our infrastructure-focused funds, Blackstone Infrastructure Partners (“BIP”), (d) our life sciences private investment platform, Blackstone Life Sciences (“BXLS”), (e) a multi-asset investment program for eligible high net worth investors offering exposure to certain of Blackstone’s key illiquid investment strategies through a single commitment, Blackstone Total Alternatives Solution (“BTAS”) and (f) our capital markets services business, Blackstone Capital Markets (“BXCM”).
 
 
 
Our corporate private equity business pursues transactions throughout the world across a variety of transaction types, including large buyouts,
mid-cap
buyouts, buy and build platforms (which involve multiple acquisitions behind a single management team and platform) and growth equity/development projects (which involve significant minority investments in mature companies and greenfield development projects in energy and power). Within our corporate private equity business, our core private equity fund targets control-oriented investments in high quality companies with durable businesses and seeks to offer a lower level of risk and a longer hold period than traditional private equity. Tactical Opportunities invests globally across asset classes, industries and geographies, seeking to identify and execute on attractive, differentiated investment opportunities, leveraging the intellectual capital across our various businesses while continuously optimizing its approach in the face of ever-changing market conditions. Strategic Partners is a total fund solutions provider that acquires interests in high quality private funds from original holders seeking liquidity,
co-investments
alongside financial sponsors and provides investment advisory services to clients investing in primary and secondary investments in private funds and
co-investments.
BIP focuses on infrastructure investments in the energy, transportation, communications and water and waste sectors. BXLS is a private investment platform with capabilities to invest across the life cycle of companies and products within the life sciences sector.
 
Hedge Fund Solutions.
The largest component of our Hedge Fund Solutions segment is Blackstone Alternative Asset Management (“BAAM”). BAAM is the world’s largest discretionary allocator to hedge funds, managing a broad range of commingled and customized fund solutions since its inception in 1990. The Hedge Fund Solutions segment also includes investment platforms that seed new hedge fund businesses, purchase minority ownership interests in more established hedge funds, invest in special situation opportunities, create alternative solutions in the form of mutual funds and UCITS and trade directly.
 
 
 
 
Credit.
Our Credit segment consists principally of GSO Capital Partners LP (“GSO”). GSO is one of the largest credit alternative asset managers in the world and is the largest manager of collateralized loan obligations (“CLOs”) globally. The investment portfolios of the funds GSO manages or
sub-advises
predominantly consist of loans and securities of
non-investment
grade companies spread across the capital structure including senior debt, subordinated debt, preferred stock and common equity.
 
 
 
The GSO business is organized into three overarching strategies: performing credit, distressed and long only. Our performing credit strategies include mezzanine lending funds, middle market direct lending funds and other performing credit strategy funds. Our distressed strategies include credit alpha strategies, stressed/distressed funds and energy strategies. GSO’s long only strategies consist of CLOs, closed end funds, open ended funds and separately managed accounts.
In addition, our Credit segment includes our publicly traded master limited partnership (“MLP”) investment platform, which is managed by Harvest. Harvest, which was founded in 2005 and subsequently acquired by Blackstone in 2017, primarily invests capital raised from institutional investors
 
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in separately managed accounts and pooled vehicles, investing in publicly traded MLPs holding primarily midstream energy assets in the U.S.
Our insurer-focused platform, BIS, also a part of our Credit segment, delivers to insurers bespoke, capital-efficient investments and diversified portfolios of Blackstone products across asset classes tailored to their needs and risk profile.
We generate revenue from fees earned pursuant to contractual arrangements with funds, fund investors and fund portfolio companies (including management, transaction and monitoring fees), and from capital markets services. We invest in the funds we manage and we are entitled to a
pro-rata
share of the results of the fund (a
 “pro-rata
allocation”). In addition to a
pro-rata
allocation, and assuming certain investment returns are achieved, we are entitled to a disproportionate allocation of the income otherwise allocable to the limited partners, commonly referred to as carried interest (“Performance Allocations”). In certain structures, we receive a contractual incentive fee from an investment fund in the event that specified cumulative investment returns are achieved (an “Incentive Fee”, and together with Performance Allocations, “Performance Revenues”). The composition of our revenues will vary based on market conditions and the cyclicality of the different businesses in which we operate. Net investment gains and investment income generated by the Blackstone Funds, principally private equity and real estate funds, are driven by value created by our operating and strategic initiatives as well as overall market conditions. Fair values are affected by changes in the fundamentals of the portfolio company, the portfolio company’s industry, the overall economy and other market conditions.
Business Environment
Blackstone’s businesses are materially affected by conditions in the financial markets and economic conditions in the U.S., Europe, Asia and, to a lesser extent, elsewhere in the world.
The second quarter of 2019 was characterized by the continued rise in global markets, although with increased volatility largely due to uncertainty regarding ongoing trade disputes. Equity markets declined intra-quarter, before rebounding following indications of additional monetary easing from central banks around the world.
In the U.S., the S&P 500 increased 4% for the second quarter, while the Dow Jones and Nasdaq indices rose 3% and 4%, respectively. Following the end of the quarter, all three U.S. indices reached
all-time
highs in July. However, risks to the trade outlook led to increased volatility, with the CBOE Volatility Index up 10% in the second quarter, though still down nearly 60% from its recent peak in December 2018. Global and regional equity indices also mostly advanced in the quarter. The MSCI World Index increased 3% and the MSCI Europe Index rose 4%, while the MSCI Asia Index declined 1%.
In fixed income, a more dovish shift in U.S. monetary policy led government and corporate bond yields lower in the second quarter in light of increased expectations for interest rate cuts over the next year. Subsequent to quarter end, the U.S. Federal Reserve dropped its target range to 2.
0-2.
25%, citing an intent to ensure against downside risks from weak global growth and trade tensions, but stopping short of signaling the beginning of aggressive interest rate-cutting.
Ten-year
U.S. Treasury yields declined to 2.01% during the quarter with low interest rates expected to persist in the near term. The Bloomberg Barclays U.S. Aggregate index rose 3.1%, U.S. investment grade corporates were up 4.5% and high-yield corporates advanced 2.5% for the quarter. High-yield spreads were flat during the quarter, while issuance was up 39% year-over-year.
All U.S. equity market sectors posted positive returns during the quarter except energy, with the S&P 500 Energy Index declining 3%. The price of crude oil declined 3% to $58 per barrel, still well below historical averages, while the Henry Hub Natural Gas spot price declined 11%. Spot prices for other commodities also declined, with the Bloomberg Commodity Index down 2% during the quarter.
Year-over-year U.S. wage growth accelerated to 4% to close the second quarter of 2019, which marks an uptick from 3.4% growth at the end of 2018. More broadly, U.S. wage growth has averaged 3.7% in 2019 compared to 2.8% in 2018.
 
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Industrial production declined at an annual rate of 1.2% for the second quarter of 2019, its second consecutive quarterly decrease. Despite the quarterly decline, however, industrial production was 1.3% higher in June 2019 than it was a year earlier, and remains at 109.6% of its 2012 average.
Along with a continuing rebound in equity markets, global equity issuance for both initial public offerings and
follow-on
increased 41% sequentially, though still down 10% year-over-year. Global merger and acquisition volume fell to $842 billion, down 27% year-over-year.
The global growth cycle has become less synchronized with the U.S. in a mature phase and signs of slowing in Europe, Japan and China. However, most economists continue to expect moderate economic growth in the near term, with limited signals of an imminent recession in the U.S. Although the broader outlook remains constructive, global trade tensions and geopolitical instability continue to pose risks.
Notable Transactions
On April 10, 2019, Blackstone issued
600 million aggregate principal amount of 1.500% Senior Notes maturing on April 10, 2029.
Effective July 1, 2019, The Blackstone Group L.P. converted from a Delaware limited partnership to a Delaware corporation, The Blackstone Group Inc. See “– Conversion to a Corporation.”
Organizational Structure
The simplified diagram below depicts our organizational structure through June 30, 2019 and prior to the Conversion. The diagram does not depict all of our subsidiaries, including intermediate holding companies through which certain of the subsidiaries depicted are held.
 
Conversion to a Corporation
On July 1, 2019, The Blackstone Group L.P. converted from a Delaware limited partnership to a Delaware corporation, The Blackstone Group Inc.
 
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The simplified diagram below depicts our organizational structure following the Conversion. The diagram does not depict all of our subsidiaries, including intermediate holding companies through which certain of the subsidiaries depicted are held.
 
 
Key Financial Measures and Indicators
We manage our business using traditional financial measures and key operating metrics since we believe these metrics measure the productivity of our investment activities. We prepare our Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements in accordance with GAAP. See Note 2. “Summary of Significant Accounting Policies” in the “Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements” in “Part I. Item 1. Financial Statements” and “— Critical Accounting Policies.” Our key
non-GAAP
financial measures and operating indicators and metrics are discussed below.
Distributable Earnings
Distributable Earnings is derived from Blackstone’s segment reported results. Distributable Earnings is used to assess performance and amounts available for dividends to Blackstone shareholders, including Blackstone personnel and others who are limited partners of the Blackstone Holdings Partnerships. Distributable Earnings is the sum of Segment Distributable Earnings plus Net Interest Income (Loss) less Taxes and Related Payables. Distributable Earnings excludes unrealized activity and is derived from and reconciled to, but not equivalent to, its most directly comparable GAAP measure of Income (Loss) Before Provision for Taxes. See “—
Non-GAAP
Financial Measures” for our reconciliation of Distributable Earnings.
Net Interest Income (Loss) is presented on a segment basis and is equal to Interest and Dividend Revenue less Interest Expense, adjusted for the impact of consolidation of Blackstone Funds, and interest expense associated with the Tax Receivable Agreement.
Taxes and Related Payables represent the total GAAP tax provision adjusted to include only the current tax provision (benefit) calculated on Income (Loss) Before Provision for Taxes excluding the tax impact of any divestitures and including the Payable under the Tax Receivable Agreement.
  
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Segment Distributable Earnings
Segment Distributable Earnings is Blackstone’s segment profitability measure used to make operating decisions and assess performance across Blackstone’s four segments. Segment Distributable Earnings represents the net realized earnings of Blackstone’s segments and is the sum of Fee Related Earnings and Net Realizations for each segment. Blackstone’s segments are presented on a basis that deconsolidates Blackstone Funds, eliminates
non-controlling
ownership interests in Blackstone’s consolidated operating partnerships, removes the amortization of intangible assets and removes Transaction-Related Charges. Transaction-Related Charges arise from corporate actions including acquisitions, divestitures and Blackstone’s initial public offering. They consist primarily of equity-based compensation charges, gains and losses on contingent consideration arrangements, changes in the balance of the Tax Receivable Agreement resulting from a change in tax law or similar event, transaction costs and any gains or losses associated with these corporate actions. Segment Distributable Earnings excludes unrealized activity and is derived from and reconciled to, but not equivalent to, its most directly comparable GAAP measure of Income (Loss) Before Provision for Taxes. See “—
Non-GAAP
Financial Measures” for our reconciliation of Segment Distributable Earnings.
Net Realizations is presented on a segment basis and is the sum of Realized Principal Investment Income and Realized Performance Revenues (which refers to Realized Performance Revenues excluding Fee Related Performance Revenues), less Realized Performance Compensation (which refers to Realized Performance Compensation excluding Fee Related Performance Compensation and Equity-Based Performance Compensation).
Fee Related Earnings
Fee Related Earnings is a performance measure used to assess Blackstone’s ability to generate profits from revenues that are measured and received on a recurring basis and not subject to future realization events. Fee Related Earnings equals management and advisory fees (net of management fee reductions and offsets) plus Fee Related Performance Revenues, less (a) Fee Related Compensation on a segment basis, and (b) Other Operating Expenses. Fee Related Earnings is derived from and reconciled to, but not equivalent to, its most directly comparable GAAP measure of Income (Loss) Before Provision for Taxes. See “—
Non-GAAP
Financial Measures” for our reconciliation of Fee Related Earnings.
Fee Related Compensation is presented on a segment basis and refers to the compensation expense, excluding Equity-Based Compensation, directly related to (a) Management and Advisory Fees, Net and (b) Fee Related Performance Revenues, referred to as Fee Related Performance Compensation.
Fee Related Performance Revenues refers to the realized portion of Performance Revenues from Perpetual Capital that are (a) measured and received on a recurring basis, and (b) not dependent on realization events from the underlying investments.
Adjusted Earnings Before Interest, Taxes and Depreciation and Amortization
Adjusted Earnings Before Interest, Taxes and Depreciation and Amortization (“Adjusted EBITDA”), is a supplemental measure used to assess performance derived from Blackstone’s segment results and may be used to assess its ability to service its borrowings. Adjusted EBITDA represents Distributable Earnings plus the addition of (a) Interest Expense on a segment basis, (b) Taxes and Related Payables, and (c) Depreciation and Amortization. Adjusted EBITDA is derived from and reconciled to, but not equivalent to, its most directly comparable GAAP measure of Income (Loss) Before Provision for Taxes. See “—
Non-GAAP
Financial Measures” for our reconciliation of Adjusted EBITDA.
Operating Metrics
The alternative asset management business is primarily based on managing third party capital and does not require substantial capital investment to support rapid growth. Since our inception, we have developed and used various key operating metrics to assess and monitor the operating performance of our various alternative asset management businesses in order to monitor the effectiveness of our value creating strategies.
 
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Assets Under Management.
Assets Under Management refers to the assets we manage. Our Assets Under Management equals the sum of:
  (a) the fair value of the investments held by our carry funds and our
side-by-side
and
co-investment
entities managed by us, plus (1) the capital that we are entitled to call from investors in those funds and entities pursuant to the terms of their respective capital commitments, including capital commitments to funds that have yet to commence their investment periods, or (2) for certain credit-focused funds the amounts available to be borrowed under asset based credit facilities,
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  (b) the net asset value of (1) our hedge funds and real estate debt carry funds, BPP, certain
co-investments
managed by us, and our Hedge Fund Solutions and certain credit-focused carry and drawdown funds (plus, in each case, the capital that we are entitled to call from investors in those funds, including commitments yet to commence their investment periods), and (2) our funds of hedge funds, our Hedge Fund Solutions registered investment companies, and BREIT,
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  (c) the invested capital, fair value or net asset value of assets we manage pursuant to separately managed accounts,
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  (d) the amount of debt and equity outstanding for our CLOs during the reinvestment period,
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  (e) the aggregate par amount of collateral assets, including principal cash, for our CLOs after the reinvestment period,
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  (f) the gross or net amount of assets (including leverage where applicable) for our credit-focused registered investment companies, and
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  (g) the fair value of common stock, preferred stock, convertible debt, or similar instruments issued by BXMT.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Our carry funds are commitment-based drawdown structured funds that do not permit investors to redeem their interests at their election. Our funds of hedge funds, hedge funds, funds structured like hedge funds and other open ended funds in our Hedge Fund Solutions, Credit and Real Estate segments generally have structures that afford an investor the right to withdraw or redeem their interests on a periodic basis (for example, annually or quarterly), typically with 30 to 95 days’ notice, depending on the fund and the liquidity profile of the underlying assets. Investment advisory agreements related to certain separately managed accounts in our Hedge Fund Solutions and Credit segments, excluding our BIS separately managed accounts, may generally be terminated by an investor on 30 to 90 days’ notice.
Fee-Earning Assets Under Management
.
Fee-Earning
Assets Under Management refers to the assets we manage on which we derive management fees and/or performance revenues. Our
Fee-Earning
Assets Under Management equals the sum of:
  (a) for our Private Equity segment funds and Real Estate segment carry funds, including certain BREDS and Hedge Fund Solutions funds, the amount of capital commitments, remaining invested capital, fair value, net asset value or par value of assets held, depending on the fee terms of the fund,
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  (b) for our credit-focused carry funds, the amount of remaining invested capital (which may include leverage) or net asset value, depending on the fee terms of the fund,
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  (c) the remaining invested capital or fair value of assets held in
co-investment
vehicles managed by us on which we receive fees,
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  (d) the net asset value of our funds of hedge funds, hedge funds, BPP, certain
co-investments
managed by us, certain registered investment companies, BREIT, and certain of our Hedge Fund Solutions drawdown funds,
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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  (e) the invested capital, fair value of assets or the net asset value we manage pursuant to separately managed accounts,
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  (f) the net proceeds received from equity offerings and accumulated core earnings of BXMT, subject to certain adjustments,
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  (g) the aggregate par amount of collateral assets, including principal cash, of our CLOs, and
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  (h) the gross amount of assets (including leverage) or the net assets (plus leverage where applicable) for certain of our credit-focused registered investment companies.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Each of our segments may include certain
Fee-Earning
Assets Under Management on which we earn performance revenues but not management fees.
Our calculations of assets under management and
fee-earning
assets under management may differ from the calculations of other asset managers, and as a result this measure may not be comparable to similar measures presented by other asset managers. In addition, our calculation of assets under management includes commitments to, and the fair value of, invested capital in our funds from Blackstone and our personnel, regardless of whether such commitments or invested capital are subject to fees. Our definitions of assets under management and
fee-earning
assets under management are not based on any definition of assets under management and
fee-earning
assets under management that is set forth in the agreements governing the investment funds that we manage.
For our carry funds, total assets under management includes the fair value of the investments held and uncalled capital commitments, whereas
fee-earning
assets under management includes the total amount of capital commitments or the remaining amount of invested capital at cost depending on whether the investment period has expired or as specified by the fee terms of the fund. As such,
fee-earning
assets under management may be greater than total assets under management when the aggregate fair value of the remaining investments is less than the cost of those investments.
Perpetual Capital
. Perpetual Capital refers to the component of assets under management with an indefinite term, that is not in liquidation, and for which there is no requirement to return capital to investors through redemption requests in the ordinary course of business, except where funded by new capital inflows. Perpetual Capital includes
co-investment
capital with an investor right to convert into Perpetual Capital.
Limited Partner Capital Invested.
Limited Partner Capital Invested represents the aggregate amount of third party capital invested by our funds and vehicles, including investments closed but not yet funded by investors during each period presented, including (a) capital invested by our carry and drawdown funds and vehicles, (b) certain Perpetual Capital invested including undistributed proceeds that are reinvested, and (c) capital invested through
fee-paying
co-investments
made by third parties in investments of our carry and perpetual funds and vehicles.
Dry Powder
. Dry Powder represents the amount of capital available for investment or reinvestment, including general partner and employee capital, and is an indicator of the capital we have available for future investments.
Performance Revenue Eligible Assets Under Management
. Performance Revenue Eligible Assets Under Management represents invested and to be invested capital at fair value, including capital closed for funds whose investment period has not yet commenced, on which performance revenues could be earned if certain hurdles are met.
Income Tax Current Developments
As described in “— Conversion to a Corporation”, on July 1, 2019, we converted from a limited partnership to a corporation. Prior to the Conversion, certain of our share of investment income and carried interest was not subject to U.S. corporate income taxes. Subsequent to the Conversion, we expect that all income earned by us will be subject to U.S. corporate income taxes, resulting in an overall higher income tax expense (or benefit) in periods subsequent to the Conversion.
 
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States and other jurisdictions have considered legislation to increase taxes with respect to carried interest. For example, New Jersey recently enacted legislation which eliminates an exclusion from New Jersey source income (for
non-residents)
for carried interest and income from providing investment management services, which is not expected to materially affect our common shareholders, and authorizes a contingent 17% surtax on such management income for gross income tax and corporate income tax purposes. These carried interest provisions remain
non-operative
as they are dependent upon Connecticut, New York and Massachusetts enacting legislation with identical provisions. In addition, New York State recently introduced legislation which would tax income from certain investment management services provided by a partner (whether or not a New York resident), which could cause a
non-resident
of New York State who holds our common units to be subject to New York State income tax on carried interest earned by entities in which we hold an indirect interest, thereby requiring the
non-resident
to file a New York State income tax return reporting such carried interest income. As part of that legislation, New York also proposed a state tax surcharge of 19% on carried interest in addition to the personal income tax. Similar to the New Jersey legislation, the New York legislation would not take effect until similar legislation is enacted by Connecticut, New Jersey and Massachusetts. Similar proposals are under consideration in other jurisdictions such as California. Whether or when similar legislation will be enacted is unclear. Although these proposals do not apply to the Corporation following the Conversion, if enacted, they could increase the amount of taxes that our employees and other key personnel would be required to pay and, as a result, could impact our ability to recruit, retain and motivate employees and key personnel in the relevant jurisdictions.
Finally, several state and local jurisdictions are evaluating ways to subject partnerships to entity level taxation through the imposition of state or local income, franchise or other forms of taxation or to increase the amount of such taxation. Although these proposals do not apply to the Corporation following the Conversion, they may apply to any of our subsidiaries which are partnerships. For example, although we believe it would not affect us materially, Connecticut recently enacted an income tax on pass through entities doing business in Connecticut, and states in which we do business may consider similar tax changes. These and other proposals have recently been under heightened consideration in light of U.S. federal income tax legislation, known as the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act, which was signed into law on December 22, 2017 (the “Tax Reform Bill”).
The Tax Reform Bill has resulted in fundamental changes to the Internal Revenue Code. Changes to U.S. tax laws resulting from the Tax Reform Bill, including partial limitation on the deductibility of business interest expense, and a longer three-year holding period requirement for carried interest to be treated as long-term capital gain could have an adverse effect on our business operations and our funds’ investment activities. These and other changes from the Tax Reform Bill—including limitations on the use, carryback and carryforward of net operating losses and changes relating to the scope and timing of U.S. taxation on earnings from international business operations—could also have an adverse effect on our portfolio companies. The exact impact of the Tax Reform Bill for future years is difficult to quantify, but these changes could have an adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition. In addition, other changes could be enacted in the future to increase the corporate tax rate, limit further the deductibility of interest, subject carried interest to more onerous taxation or effect other changes that could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition.
Congress, the Organization for Economic
Co-operation
and Development (“OECD”) and other government agencies in jurisdictions in which we and our affiliates invest or do business have maintained a focus on issues related to the taxation of multinational companies. The OECD, which represents a coalition of member countries, is contemplating changes to numerous long-standing tax principles through its base erosion and profit shifting (“BEPS”) project, which is focused on a number of issues, including the shifting of profits between affiliated entities in different tax jurisdictions, interest deductibility and eligibility for the benefits of double tax treaties. Several of the proposed measures are potentially relevant to some of our structures and could have an adverse tax impact on our funds, investors and/or our portfolio companies. Some member countries have been moving forward on the BEPS agenda but, because timing of implementation and the specific measures adopted will vary among participating states, significant uncertainty remains regarding the impact of BEPS proposals. If implemented, these proposals could result in a loss of tax treaty benefits and increased taxes on income from our investments.
 
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A number of European jurisdictions have enacted taxes on financial transactions, and the European Commission has proposed legislation to harmonize these taxes under the
so-called
“enhanced cooperation procedure,” which provides for adoption of
EU-level
legislation applicable to some but not all EU Member States. These contemplated changes, if adopted by individual countries, could increase tax uncertainty and/or costs faced by us, our portfolio companies and our investors, and cause other adverse consequences. The timing or impact of these proposals is unclear at this point. In addition, tax laws, regulations and interpretations are subject to continual changes, which could adversely affect our structures or returns to our investors. For instance, various countries have adopted or proposed tax legislation that may adversely affect portfolio companies and investment structures in countries in which our funds have invested and may limit the benefits of additional investments in those countries.
In addition, legislation enacted in 2015 significantly changed the rules for U.S. federal income tax audits of partnerships. This legislation applies to any taxable years in which we were a partnership commencing after December 31, 2017 and will apply to audits of taxable years of The Blackstone Group L.P. prior to the Conversion (which such audits may occur after the Conversion) and will continue to apply to any of our subsidiaries which are partnerships. Such U.S. federal income tax audits will be conducted at the partnership level, and unless a partnership qualifies for and affirmatively elects an alternative procedure, any adjustments to the amount of tax due (including interest and penalties) will be payable by the partnership. Under an elective alternative procedure, a partnership would issue information returns to persons who were partners in the audited year, who would then be required to take the adjustments into account in calculating their own tax liability, and the partnership would not be liable for the adjustments. If a partnership elects the alternative procedure for a given adjustment, the amount of taxes for which its partners would be liable would be increased by any applicable penalties and a special interest charge. There can be no assurance that we will be eligible to make such an election or that we will, in fact, make such an election for any given adjustment. If we do not or are not able to make such an election, then (a) our then-current common shareholders, in the aggregate, could indirectly bear income tax liabilities in excess of the aggregate amount of taxes that would have been due had we elected the alternative procedure, and (b) a given common shareholders may indirectly bear taxes attributable to income allocable to other common shareholders or former common shareholders, including taxes (as well as interest and penalties) with respect to periods prior to such holder’s ownership of common units. Amounts available for dividends to our common shareholders may be reduced as a result of our obligation to pay any taxes associated with an adjustment. Many issues with respect to, and the overall effect of, this legislation on us (with respect to any taxable years in which we were a partnership commencing after December 31, 2017), and on our partnership subsidiaries are uncertain, and common shareholders should consult their own tax advisors regarding all aspects of this legislation as it affects their particular circumstances.
Please see “Part II. Item 1A. Risk Factors — Following the Conversion, we expect to pay more corporate income taxes than we would have as a limited partnership.” and “— Conversion to a Corporation” in our Quarterly Report on Form
 10-Q
for the quarter ended March 31, 2019 for a further discussion of certain tax consequences of the Conversion.
Consolidated Results of Operations
Following is a discussion of our consolidated results of operations for the three and six months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018. For a more detailed discussion of the factors that affected the results of our four business segments (which are presented on a basis that deconsolidates the investment funds we manage) in these periods, see “— Segment Analysis” below.
 
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The following table sets forth information regarding our consolidated results of operations and certain key operating metrics for the three and six months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018:
                                                                 
 
Three Months Ended
 
   
   
Six Months Ended
 
 
 
 
June 30,
 
2019 vs. 2018
   
June 30,
 
2019 vs. 2018
 
2019
 
2018
 
$
   
%
   
2019
 
2018
 
$
 
%
 
                                                       
 
(Dollars in Thousands)
Revenues
   
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
 
Management and Advisory Fees, Net
   $
840,378
     $
721,384
     $
118,994
     
16%
     $
1,650,104
     $
1,450,233
     $
199,871
     
14%
 
                                                       
Incentive Fees
   
21,915
     
19,378
     
2,537
     
13%
     
34,047
     
31,944
     
2,103
     
7%
 
                                                       
Investment Income (Loss)
   
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
 
Performance Allocations
   
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
 
Realized
   
332,520
     
503,376
     
(170,856
)    
-34%
     
574,895
     
773,016
     
(198,121
)    
-26%
 
Unrealized
   
157,732
     
440,351
     
(282,619
)    
-64%
     
821,731
     
1,068,440
     
(246,709
)    
-23%
 
Principal Investments
   
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
 
Realized
   
145,040
     
129,197
     
15,843
     
12%
     
218,301
     
171,342
     
46,959
     
27%
 
Unrealized
   
(37,345
)    
103,468
     
(140,813
)    
N/M
     
131,699
     
215,242
     
(83,543
)    
-39%
 
                                                       
Total Investment Income
   
597,947
     
1,176,392
     
(578,445
)    
-49%
     
1,746,626
     
2,228,040
     
(481,414
)    
-22%
 
                                                       
Interest and Dividend Revenue
   
43,686
     
40,073
     
3,613
     
9%
     
87,770
     
75,458
     
12,312
     
16%
 
Other
   
(17,120
)    
675,343
     
(692,463
)    
N/M
     
(6,870
)    
616,026
     
(622,896
)    
N/M
 
                                                       
Total Revenues
   
1,486,806
     
2,632,570
     
(1,145,764
)    
-44%
     
3,511,677
     
4,401,701
     
(890,024
)    
-20%
 
                                                       
Expenses
   
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
 
Compensation and Benefits
   
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
 
Compensation
   
438,521
     
427,479
     
11,042
     
3%
     
909,918
     
816,882
     
93,036
     
11%
 
Incentive Fee Compensation
   
8,886
     
9,743
     
(857
)    
-9%
     
14,292
     
16,405
     
(2,113
)    
-13%
 
Performance Allocations
   
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
 
Compensation
   
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
 
Realized
   
125,825
     
186,398
     
(60,573
)    
-32%
     
212,220
     
298,460
     
(86,240
)    
-29%
 
Unrealized
   
64,518
     
189,991
     
(125,473
)    
-66%
     
351,533
     
444,426
     
(92,893
)    
-21%
 
                                                       
Total Compensation and Benefits
   
637,750
     
813,611
     
(175,861
)    
-22%
     
1,487,963
     
1,576,173
     
(88,210
)    
-6%
 
General, Administrative and Other
   
175,308
     
145,828
     
29,480
     
20%
     
321,370
     
272,541
     
48,829
     
18%
 
Interest Expense
   
43,596
     
39,320
     
4,276
     
11%
     
85,598
     
77,991
     
7,607
     
10%
 
Fund Expenses
   
5,586
     
17,622
     
(12,036
)    
-68%
     
8,473
     
72,607
     
(64,134
)    
-88%
 
                                                       
Total Expenses
   
862,240
     
1,016,381
     
(154,141
)    
-15%
     
1,903,404
     
1,999,312
     
(95,908
)    
-5%
 
                                                       
Other Income
   
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
 
Net Gains from Fund Investment Activities
   
61,131
     
73,519
     
(12,388
)    
-17%
     
191,456
     
184,118
     
7,338
     
4%
 
                                                       
Income Before Provision for Taxes
   
685,697
     
1,689,708
     
(1,004,011
)    
-59%
     
1,799,729
     
2,586,507
     
(786,778
)    
-30%
 
Provision for Taxes
   
38,736
     
138,731
     
(99,995
)    
-72%
     
79,891
     
193,226
     
(113,335
)    
-59%
 
                                                       
Net Income
   
646,961
     
1,550,977
     
(904,016
)    
-58%
     
1,719,838
     
2,393,281
     
(673,443
)    
-28%
 
Net Income (Loss) Attributable to Redeemable
Non-Controlling
Interests in Consolidated Entities
   
1,095
     
905
     
190
     
21%
     
3,575
     
(370
)    
3,945
     
N/M
 
Net Income Attributable to
Non-Controlling
Interests in Consolidated Entities
   
80,744
     
129,078
     
(48,334
)    
-37%
     
267,577
     
284,577
     
(17,000
)    
-6%
 
Net Income Attributable to
Non-Controlling
Interests in Blackstone Holdings
   
259,330
     
678,952
     
(419,622
)    
-62%
     
661,590
     
999,160
     
(337,570
)    
-34%
 
                                                       
Net Income Attributable to The Blackstone Group L.P.
   $
305,792
     $
742,042
     $
(436,250
)    
  -59%
     $
787,096
     $
1,109,914
     $
(322,818
)    
    -29%
 
                                                       
 
 
 
 
N/M    Not meaningful.
Three Months Ended June 30, 2019 Compared to Three Months Ended June 30, 2018
Revenues
Revenues were $1.5 billion for the three months ended June 30, 2019, a decrease of $1.1 billion compared to $2.6 billion for the three months ended June 30, 2018. The decrease in Revenues was primarily attributable to
 
78
 
 
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decreases of $692.5 million in Other Revenue and $578.4 million in Investment Income, partially offset by an increase of $119.0 million in Management and Advisory Fees, Net.
The decrease in Other Revenue was primarily due to proceeds received during the three months ended June 30, 2018 from the conclusion of our
sub-advisory
relationship with FS Investments’ funds and a foreign exchange loss on our euro denominated bonds.
The decrease in Investment Income was primarily attributable to a decrease in our Private Equity and Credit segments of $733.8 million and $67.6 million, respectively, partially offset by increase in our Real Estate and Hedge Fund Solutions segments of $215.6 million and $52.7 million, respectively. The decrease in our Private Equity segment was primarily due to lower appreciation in corporate private equity. Corporate private equity carrying value increased 0.7% in the three months ended June 30, 2019 compared to 9.5% in the three months ended June 30, 2018. The decrease in our Credit segment was primarily attributable to lower returns in our performing credit strategies and distressed strategies. The increase in our Real Estate segment was primarily attributable to higher net appreciation of investment holdings in our BREP opportunistic funds compared to the comparable period in 2018. The carrying value of investments for our BREP opportunistic funds increased 4.4% in the three months ended June 30, 2019 compared to 2.7% in the three months ended June 30, 2018. The increase in our Hedge Fund Solutions segment was primarily driven by year-over-year net appreciation of investments of which Blackstone owns a share.
The increase in Management and Advisory Fees, Net was primarily due to increases in our Private Equity and Credit segments of $75.0 million and $30.6 million, respectively. The increase in our Private Equity segment was primarily due to increases in
Fee-Earning
Assets Under Management in BIP and Strategic Partners. The increase in our Credit segment was primarily due to growth in BIS, our U.S. direct lending platform, and certain other GSO funds.
Expenses
Expenses were $862.2 million for the three months ended June 30, 2019, a decrease of $154.1 million compared to $1.0 billion for the three months ended June 30, 2018. The decrease was primarily attributable to decreases in Performance Allocations Compensation and Fund Expenses, partially offset by an increase in General, Administrative and Other Expenses. The decrease of $186.0 million in Performance Allocations Compensation was primarily due to a decrease in Investment Income. The decrease of $12.0 million in Fund Expenses was due to a decrease of $13.3 million in our Credit segment primarily due to closings of new consolidated CLOs in the quarter ended June 30, 2018. The increase of $29.5 million in General, Administrative and Other Expenses was primarily due to legal and advisory fees associated with the Conversion and growth in BIS and BXLS.
Six Months Ended June
30,
2019 Compared to Six Months Ended June
30,
2018
Revenues
Revenues were $3.5 billion for the six months ended June 30, 2019, a decrease of $890.0 million compared to $4.4 billion for the six months ended June 30, 2018. The decrease in Revenues was primarily attributable to decreases of $622.9 million in Other Revenue and $481.4 million in Investment Income, partially offset by an increase of $199.9 million in Management and Advisory Fees, Net.
The decrease in Other Revenue was primarily due to proceeds received during the three months ended June 30, 2018 from the conclusion of our
sub-advisory
relationship with FS Investments’ funds and a foreign exchange loss on our euro denominated bonds.
The decrease in Investment Income was primarily attributable to a decrease in our Private Equity segment of $770.5 million, partially offset by increases in our Real Estate and Hedge Fund Solutions segments of $304.4 million and $81.7 million, respectively. The decrease in our Private Equity segment was due to lower appreciation in corporate private equity. Corporate private equity carrying value increased 5.3% in the six months ended June 30, 2019 compared to 16.4% in the six months ended June 30, 2018. The increase in our Real Estate segment
 
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was primarily attributable to higher net appreciation of investment holdings in our BREP opportunistic funds compared to the comparable period in 2018. The carrying value of investments for our BREP opportunistic funds increased 9.1% in the six months ended June 30, 2019 compared to 6.0% in the six months ended June 30, 2018. The increase in our Hedge Fund Solutions segment was primarily driven by year-over-year net appreciation of investments of which Blackstone owns a share.
The increase in Management and Advisory Fees, Net was primarily due to increases in our Private Equity, Real Estate and Hedge Fund Solutions segments of $135.9 million, $44.1 million and $15.4 million, respectively. The increase in our Private Equity segment was primarily due to increases in
Fee-Earning
Assets Under Management in BIP, Tactical Opportunities and Strategic Partners. The increase in our Real Estate segment was primarily due to
Fee-Earning
Asset Under Management growth in our core+ real estate funds. The increase in our Hedge Fund Solutions segment was primarily due to
Fee-Earning
Asset Under Management growth in our individual investor and specialized solutions funds and a reduction of placement fees, which offset Base Management Fees.
Expenses
    
Expenses were $1.9 billion for the six months ended June 30, 2019, a decrease of $95.9 million compared to $2.0 billion for the six months ended June 30, 2018. The decrease was primarily attributable to decreases in Performance Allocations Compensation and Fund Expenses, partially offset by an increase in Compensation. The decrease of $179.1 million in Performance Allocations Compensation was primarily due to the decrease in Investment Income. The decrease of $64.1 million in Fund Expenses was due to a decrease of $65.7 million in our Credit segment primarily from the deconsolidation of certain CLO and other vehicles in 2018. The increase of $93.0 million in Compensation was due to the increase in Management and Advisory Fees, Net, on which a portion of compensation is based.
Other Income
Three Months Ended June 30, 2019 Compared to Three Months Ended June 30, 2018
Other Income was $61.1 million for the three months ended June 30, 2019, a decrease of $12.4 million compared to $73.5 million for the three months ended June 30, 2018. The decrease in Other Income was due to a decrease in Net Gains from Fund Investment Activities. The decrease in Other Income – Net Gain from Fund Investment Activities was principally driven by a decrease of $24.2 million in our Private Equity segment, partially offset by an increase of $15.3 million in our Real Estate segment. The decrease in our Private Equity segment was primarily due to lower appreciation of investments across our Private Equity funds. The increase in our Real Estate segment was primarily due to a year-over-year net increase in the appreciation of investments in our BREP opportunistic funds.
Six Months Ended June
 30,
 2019 Compared to Six Months Ended June
 30,
 2018
Other Income was $191.5 million for the six months ended June 30, 2019, an increase of $7.3 million compared to $184.1 million for the six months ended June 30, 2018. The increase in Other Income was due to an increase in Net Gains from Fund Investment Activities. The increase in Other Income – Net Gain from Fund Investment Activities was principally driven by increases of $21.9 million in our Real Estate segment and $6.1 million in our Credit segment, partially offset by a decrease of $23.5 million in our Private Equity segment. The increase in our Real Estate segment was primarily due to a year-over-year net increase in the appreciation of investments in our BREP opportunistic funds. The increase in our Credit segment was primarily driven by a year-over-year net increase in appreciation of CLOs and the launch of new CLOs in 2019, partially offset by the deconsolidation of certain CLO and other vehicles. The decrease in our Private Equity segment was primarily due to lower appreciation of investments across the Private Equity funds.
 
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Provision for Taxes
The following table summarizes Blackstone’s tax position:
                                 
 
 
Three Months Ended
 
Six Months Ended
 
 
June 30,
 
June 30,
 
 
2019
 
2018
 
2019
 
2018
 
 
 
(Dollars in Thousands)
Income Before Provision for Taxes
   $
685,697
     $
1,689,708
     $
1,799,729
     $
2,586,507
 
Provision for Taxes
   $
38,736
     $
138,731
     $
79,891
     $
193,226
 
Effective Income Tax Rate
   
5.6
%    
8.2
%    
4.4
%    
7.5
%
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
The following table reconciles the effective income tax rate to the U.S. federal statutory tax rate:
                                                 
 
Three Months Ended
   
2019
   
  Six Months Ended  
   
2019
 
 
June 30,
   
vs.
   
June 30,
   
vs.
 
 
2019
   
2018
   
2018
   
2019
   
2018
   
2018
 
Statutory U.S. Federal Income Tax Rate
   
21.0%
     
21.0%
     
-
     
21.0%
     
21.0%
     
-
 
Income Passed Through to Common Unitholders and
Non-Controlling
Interest Holders (a)
   
-15.7%
     
-14.7%
     
-1.0%
     
-16.8%
     
-15.3%
     
-1.5%
 
State and Local Income Taxes
   
1.3%
     
2.1%
     
-0.8%
     
1.1%
     
1.9%
     
-0.8%
 
Other
   
-1.0%
     
-0.2%
     
-0.8%
     
-0.9%
     
-0.1%
     
-0.8%
 
                                                 
Effective Income Tax Rate
   
5.6%
     
8.2%
     
    -2.6%
     
4.4%
     
7.5%
     
    -3.1%
 
                                                 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(a) Includes income that is not taxable to Blackstone and its subsidiaries. Such income is directly taxable to Blackstone’s unitholders and the
non-controlling
interest holders.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Three Months Ended June 30, 2019 Compared to Three Months Ended June 30, 2018
Blackstone’s Provision for Taxes for the three months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018 was $38.7 million and $138.7 million, respectively. This resulted in an effective tax rate of 5.6% and 8.2%, respectively.
The decrease in Blackstone’s effective tax rate for the three months ended June 30, 2019 compared to the three months ended June 30, 2018 resulted primarily from the increase in the benefit for the exclusion of income passed through to common unitholders and
non-controlling
interests and the decrease in the expense for the state income tax.
Six Months Ended June 30, 2019 Compared to Six Months Ended June 30, 2018
Blackstone’s Provision for Taxes for the six months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018 was $79.9 million and $193.2 million, respectively. This resulted in an effective tax rate of 4.4% and 7.5%, respectively.
The decrease in Blackstone’s effective tax rate for the six months ended June 30, 2019, compared to the six months ended June 30, 2018 resulted primarily from the increase in the benefit for the exclusion of income passed through to common unitholders and
non-controlling
interests and the decrease in the expense for the state income tax.
Additional information regarding our income taxes can be found in Note 14. “Income Taxes” in the “Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements” in “Part I. Item 1. Financial Statements” of this filing.
On July 1, 2019, we completed our Conversion from a Delaware limited partnership to the Corporation. See “Part II. Item 1A. Risk Factors — Following the Conversion, we expect to pay more corporate income taxes than we would have as a limited partnership” and “— Conversion to a Corporation” in our Quarterly Report on Form
 10-Q
for the quarter ended March 31, 2019.
 
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Non-Controlling
Interests in Consolidated Entities
The Net Income Attributable to Redeemable
Non-Controlling
Interests in Consolidated Entities and Net Income Attributable to
Non-Controlling
Interests in Consolidated Entities is attributable to the consolidated Blackstone Funds. The amounts of these items vary directly with the performance of the consolidated Blackstone Funds and largely eliminate the amount of Other Income – Net Gains from Fund Investment Activities from the Net Income (Loss) Attributable to The Blackstone Group L.P.
Net Income Attributable to
Non-Controlling
Interests in Blackstone Holdings is derived from the Income Before Provision for Taxes, excluding the Net Gains from Fund Investment Activities and the percentage allocation of the income between Blackstone personnel and others who are limited partners of Blackstone Holdings and Blackstone after considering any contractual arrangements that govern the allocation of income such as fees allocable to Blackstone.
For the three months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018, the Net Income Before Taxes allocated to Blackstone Holdings was 44.0% and 43.9%, respectively. For the six months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018, the net income before taxes allocated to Blackstone personnel and others who are limited partners of Blackstone Holdings was 44.0% and 44.1%, respectively. The increase of 0.1% in the three month period was primarily due to repurchases of common units and the vesting of common units. The decrease of 0.1% in the six month period was primarily due to conversion of Blackstone Holdings Partnership Units to Blackstone common units and the vesting of common units.
The Other Income — Reduction of Tax Receivable Agreement Liability was entirely allocated to Blackstone.
Operating Metrics
The following graphs and tables summarize the
Fee-Earning
and Total Assets Under Management by Segment, followed by a rollforward of activity for the three and six months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018. For a description of how Assets Under Management and
Fee-Earning
Assets Under Management are determined, please see “— Key Financial Measures and Indicators — Operating Metrics — Assets Under Management and
Fee-Earning
Assets Under Management”:
  
82
 
 
 
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Note:       Totals may not add due to rounding.
 
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Table of Contents
 
                                                                                 
 
 
Three Months Ended
 
 
June 30, 2019
 
June 30, 2018
 
 
 
 
Private
 
Hedge Fund
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Private
 
Hedge Fund
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Real Estate
 
Equity
 
Solutions
 
Credit
 
Total
 
Real Estate
 
Equity
 
Solutions
 
Credit
 
Total
 
 
 
(Dollars in Thousands)
Fee-Earning
Assets Under Management
   
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
 
Balance, Beginning of Period
   $
94,223,034
     $
85,446,868
     $
73,647,014
     $
99,676,478
     $
352,993,394
     $
87,284,578
     $
72,398,415
     $
73,570,498
     $
111,397,306
     $
344,650,797
 
Inflows, including Commitments (a)
   
25,130,260
     
13,723,729
     
3,578,265
     
7,548,513
     
49,980,767
     
5,937,991
     
7,057,401
     
2,379,116
     
5,579,039
     
20,953,547
 
Outflows, including Distributions (b)
   
(5,571,573
)    
(444,360
)    
(3,943,643
)    
(2,231,944
)    
(12,191,520
)    
(1,381,867
)    
(617,880
)    
(4,355,699
)    
(21,548,439
)    
(27,903,885
)
                                                                                 
Net Inflows (Outflows)
   
19,558,687
     
13,279,369
     
(365,378
)    
5,316,569
     
37,789,247
     
4,556,124
     
6,439,521
     
(1,976,583
)    
(15,969,400
)    
(6,950,338
)
Realizations (c)
   
(2,375,372
)    
(2,103,962
)    
(276,016
)    
(1,201,419
)    
(5,956,769
)    
(2,459,391
)    
(1,000,261
)    
(100,122
)    
(1,414,399
)    
(4,974,173
)
Market Appreciation (Depreciation) (d)(g)
   
880,745
     
(155,003
)    
1,647,800
     
665,228
     
3,038,770
     
(604,810
)    
208,022
     
395,497
     
253,150
     
251,859
 
                                                                                 
Balance, End of Period (e)
   $
112,287,094
     $
96,467,272
     $
74,653,420
     $
104,456,856
     $
387,864,642
     $
88,776,501
     $
78,045,697
     $
71,889,290
     $
94,266,657
     $
332,978,145
 
                                                                                 
Increase (Decrease)
   $
18,064,060
     $
11,020,404
     $
1,006,406
     $
4,780,378
     $
34,871,248
     $
1,491,923
     $
5,647,282
     $
(1,681,208
)    $
(17,130,649
)    $
(11,672,652
)
Increase (Decrease)
   
19
%    
13
%    
1
%    
5
%    
10
%    
2
%    
8
%    
-2
%    
-15
%    
-3
%
     
 
 
Six Months Ended
 
 
June 30, 2019
 
June 30, 2018
 
 
 
 
Private
 
Hedge Fund
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Private
 
Hedge Fund
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Real Estate
 
Equity
 
Solutions
 
Credit
 
Total
 
Real Estate
 
Equity
 
Solutions
 
Credit
 
Total
 
 
 
(Dollars in Thousands)
Fee-Earning
Assets Under Management
   
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
 
Balance, Beginning of Period
   $
93,252,724
     $
80,008,166
     $
72,280,606
     $
96,986,011
     $
342,527,507
     $
83,984,824
     $
70,140,883
     $
69,914,061
     $
111,304,230
     $
335,343,998
 
Inflows, including Commitments (a)
   
27,864,125
     
22,386,445
     
5,212,771
     
11,414,091
     
66,877,432
     
9,488,268
     
10,461,715
     
6,195,502
     
11,131,172
     
37,276,657
 
Outflows, including Distributions (b)
   
(5,836,255
)    
(1,172,943
)    
(6,011,376
)    
(5,474,048
)    
(18,494,622
)    
(1,592,458
)    
(1,087,275
)    
(5,258,000
)    
(23,593,109
)    
(31,530,842
)
                                                                                 
Net Inflows (Outflows)
   
22,027,870
     
21,213,502
     
(798,605
)    
5,940,043
     
48,382,810
     
7,895,810
     
9,374,440
     
937,502
     
(12,461,937
)    
5,745,815
 
Realizations (c)
   
(4,589,190
)    
(4,664,973
)    
(440,452
)    
(2,168,269
)    
(11,862,884
)    
(3,953,617
)    
(1,736,535
)    
(155,877
)    
(3,408,975
)    
(9,255,004
)
Market Appreciation (Depreciation) (d)(h)
   
1,595,690
     
(89,423
)    
3,611,871
     
3,699,071
     
8,817,209
     
849,484
     
266,909
     
1,193,604
     
(1,166,661
)    
1,143,336
 
                                                                                 
Balance, End of Period (e)
   $
112,287,094
     $
96,467,272
     $
74,653,420
     $
104,456,856
     $
387,864,642
     $
88,776,501
     $
78,045,697
     $
71,889,290
     $
94,266,657
     $
332,978,145
 
                                                                                 
Increase (Decrease)
   $
19,034,370
     $
16,459,106
     $
2,372,814
     $
7,470,845
     $
45,337,135
     $
4,791,677
     $
7,904,814
     $
1,975,229
     $
(17,037,573
)    $
(2,365,853
)
Increase (Decrease)
   
20
%    
21
%    
3
%    
8
%    
13
%    
6
%    
11
%    
3
%    
-15
%    
-1
%
Annualized Base Management Fee Rate (f)
   
0.91
%    
1.10
%    
0.73
%    
0.57
%    
0.83
%    
1.12
%    
1.00
%    
0.72
%    
0.50
%    
0.83
%
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
84
 
 
Table of Contents
 
                                                                                 
 
 
Three Months Ended
 
 
June 30, 2019
 
June 30, 2018
 
 
 
 
Private
 
Hedge Fund
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Private
 
Hedge Fund
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Real Estate
 
Equity
 
Solutions
 
Credit
 
Total
 
Real Estate
 
Equity
 
Solutions
 
Credit
 
Total
 
 
 
(Dollars in Thousands)
Total Assets Under Management
   
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
 
Balance, Beginning of Period
  $
140,334,043
    $
158,988,748
    $
80,182,772
    $
132,272,199
    $
511,777,762
    $
119,575,884
    $
111,414,214
    $
78,657,551
    $
139,966,177
    $
449,613,826
 
Inflows, including Commitments (a)
   
14,364,834
     
16,806,806
     
3,812,651
     
10,126,818
     
45,111,109
     
5,124,391
     
6,282,722
     
2,995,023
     
5,687,114
     
20,089,250
 
Outflows, including Distributions (b)
   
(599,928
)    
(178,901
)    
(4,114,571
)    
(2,341,479
)    
(7,234,879
)    
(1,002,502
)    
(401,296
)    
(4,544,409
)    
(21,647,826
)    
(27,596,033
)
                                                                                 
Net Inflows (Outflows)
   
13,764,906
     
16,627,905
     
(301,920
)    
7,785,339
     
37,876,230
     
4,121,889
     
5,881,426
     
(1,549,386
)    
(15,960,712
)    
(7,506,783
)
Realizations (c)
   
(3,989,755
)    
(4,678,685
)    
(296,126
)    
(1,629,825
)    
(10,594,391
)    
(4,326,910
)    
(2,058,727
)    
(126,015
)    
(1,791,552
)    
(8,303,204
)
Market Appreciation (d)(i)
   
3,495,626
     
233,719
     
1,850,954
     
842,437
     
6,422,736
     
29,110
     
4,287,605
     
420,928
     
845,174
     
5,582,817
 
                                                                                 
Balance, End of Period (e)
  $
153,604,820
    $
171,171,687
    $
81,435,680
    $
139,270,150
    $
545,482,337
    $
119,399,973
    $
119,524,518
    $
77,403,078
    $
123,059,087
    $
439,386,656
 
                                                                                 
Increase (Decrease)
  $
13,270,777
    $
12,182,939
    $
1,252,908
    $
6,997,951
    $
33,704,575
    $
(175,911
)   $
8,110,304
    $
(1,254,473
)   $
(16,907,090
)   $
(10,227,170
)
Increase (Decrease)
   
9
%    
8
%    
2
%    
5
%    
7
%    
-0
%    
7
%    
-2
%    
-12
%    
-2
%
     
 
 
Six Months Ended
 
 
June 30, 2019
 
June 30, 2018
 
 
 
 
Private
 
Hedge Fund
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Private
 
Hedge Fund
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Real Estate
 
Equity
 
Solutions
 
Credit
 
Total
 
Real Estate
 
Equity
 
Solutions
 
Credit
 
Total
 
 
 
(Dollars in Thousands)
Total Assets Under Management
   
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
 
Balance, Beginning of Period
  $
136,247,229
    $
130,665,286
    $
77,814,516
    $
127,515,286
    $
472,242,317
    $
115,340,363
    $
105,560,576
    $
75,090,834
    $
138,136,470
    $
434,128,243
 
Inflows, including Commitments (a)
   
19,398,685
     
45,278,266
     
6,381,594
     
16,959,688
     
88,018,233
     
8,747,267
     
9,817,185
     
6,935,637
     
12,768,519
     
38,268,608
 
Outflows, including Distributions (b)
   
(1,750,109
)    
(421,901
)    
(6,222,189
)    
(6,896,662
)    
(15,290,861
)    
(1,150,663
)    
(779,956
)    
(5,671,098
)    
(23,608,043
)    
(31,209,760
)
                                                                                 
Net Inflows (Outflows)
   
17,648,576
     
44,856,365
     
159,405
     
10,063,026
     
72,727,372
     
7,596,604
     
9,037,229
     
1,264,539
     
(10,839,524
)    
7,058,848
 
Realizations (c)
   
(7,047,896
)    
(8,421,343
)    
(482,684
)    
(2,902,661
)    
(18,854,584
)    
(6,993,625
)    
(3,100,511
)    
(182,087
)    
(4,283,836
)    
(14,560,059
)
Market Appreciation (d)(j)
   
6,756,911
     
4,071,379
     
3,944,443
     
4,594,499
     
19,367,232
     
3,456,631
     
8,027,224
     
1,229,792
     
45,977
     
12,759,624
 
                                                                                 
Balance, End of Period (e)
  $
153,604,820
    $
171,171,687
    $
81,435,680
    $
139,270,150
    $
545,482,337
    $
119,399,973
    $
119,524,518
    $
77,403,078
    $
123,059,087
    $
439,386,656
 
                                                                                 
Increase (Decrease)
  $
17,357,591
    $
40,506,401
    $
3,621,164
    $
11,754,864
    $
73,240,020
    $
4,059,610
    $
13,963,942
    $
2,312,244
    $
(15,077,383
)   $
5,258,413
 
Increase (Decrease)
   
13
%    
31
%    
5
%    
9
%    
16
%    
4
%    
13
%    
3
%    
-11
%    
1
%
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
85
 
 
Table of Contents
 
 
(a) Inflows represent contributions in our hedge funds and closed end mutual funds, increases in available capital for our carry funds (capital raises, recallable capital and increased
side-by-side
commitments) and CLOs, increases in the capital we manage pursuant to separately managed account programs, allocations from multi-asset products to other strategies and acquisitions.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(b) Outflows represent redemptions in our hedge funds and closed end mutual funds, client withdrawals from our separately managed account programs and decreases in available capital for our carry funds (expired capital, expense drawdowns and decreased
side-by-side
commitments).
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(c) Realizations represent realizations from the disposition of assets or capital returned to investors from CLOs.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(d) Market appreciation (depreciation) includes realized and unrealized gains (losses) on portfolio investments and the impact of foreign exchange rate fluctuations.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(e) Assets Under Management are reported in the segment where the assets are managed.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(f) Represents the annualized current quarter’s Base Management Fee divided by period end
Fee-Earning
Assets Under Management.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(g) For the three months ended June 30, 2019, the impact to
Fee-Earning
Assets Under Management due to foreign exchange rate fluctuations was $150.3 million, $(161.6) million and $(11.3) million for the Real Estate, Credit and Total segments, respectively. For the three months ended June 30, 2018, such impact was $(1.3) billion, $(697.4) million and $(2.0) billion for the Real Estate, Credit and Total segments, respectively.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(h) For the six months ended June 30, 2019, the impact to
Fee-Earning
Assets Under Management due to foreign exchange rate fluctuations was $(82.1) million, $(272.0) million and $(354.1) million for the Real Estate, Credit and Total segments, respectively. For the six months ended June 30, 2018, such impact was $(711.4) million, $(300.5) million and $(1.0) billion for the Real Estate, Credit and Total segments, respectively.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(i) For the three months ended June 30, 2019, the impact to Total Assets Under Management due to foreign exchange rate fluctuations was $156.5 million, $(64.3) million, $(189.4) million and $(97.1) million for the Real Estate, Private Equity, Credit and Total segments, respectively. For the three months ended June 30, 2018, such impact was $(2.7) billion, $(743.3) million, $(882.7) million and $(4.3) billion for the Real Estate, Private Equity, Credit and Total segments, respectively.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(j) For the six months ended June 30, 2019, the impact to Total Assets Under Management due to foreign exchange rate fluctuations was $(271.8) million, $107.4 million, $(296.9) million and $(461.4) million for the Real Estate, Private Equity, Credit and Total segments, respectively. For the six months ended June 30, 2018, such impact was $(1.5) billion, $(270.2) million, $(439.9) million and $(2.2) billion for the Real Estate, Private Equity, Credit and Total segments, respectively.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Fee-Earning
Assets Under Management
Fee-Earning
Assets Under Management were $387.9 billion at June 30, 2019, an increase of $34.9 billion, or 10%, compared to $353.0 billion at March 31, 2019. The net increase was due to:
  Inflows of $50.0 billion related to:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  o $25.1 billion in our Real Estate segment driven by $19.1 billion from BREP IX, which started its investment period on June 3, 2019 (this amount was reflected in Total Assets Under Management at each closing of the fund), $2.1 billion from BREIT, $1.7 billion in BPP and $1.5 billion from BREDS,
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  o $13.7 billion in our Private Equity segment driven by $7.1 billion from BIP, $5.7 billion from Strategic Partners, $705.3 million from Tactical Opportunities and $249.4 million from multi-asset products,
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  o $7.5 billion in our Credit segment driven by $2.8 billion from BIS, $1.6 billion from certain long only and MLP strategies, $1.4 billion from direct lending, $1.4 billion from our distressed strategies, $741.9 million from our mezzanine funds and $453.2 million from a new CLO, partially offset by $864.0 million of allocations to other strategies, and
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  o $3.6 billion in our Hedge Fund Solutions segment driven by $2.4 billion from individual investor and specialized solutions, $662.1 million from commingled products and $544.1 million from customized solutions.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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Table of Contents
 
  Market appreciation of $3.0 billion due to:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  o $1.6 billion of appreciation in our Hedge Fund Solutions segment driven by returns from BAAM’s Principal Solutions Composite of 2.0% gross (1.8% net),
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  o $880.7 million of appreciation in our Real Estate segment driven by $612.0 million of appreciation from our core+ real estate funds ($559.4 million from market appreciation and $52.6 million from foreign exchange appreciation) and $200.0 million of market appreciation from BREDS, and
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  o $665.2 million of appreciation in our Credit segment driven by $643.3 million of appreciation from certain long only and MLP strategies as well as $137.6 million of appreciation from BIS, partially offset by $161.6 million of foreign exchange depreciation.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Offsetting these increases were:
  Outflows of $12.2 billion primarily attributable to:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  o $5.6 billion in our Real Estate segment driven by $5.4 billion of uninvested reserves at the end of BREP VIII’s investment period,
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  o $3.9 billion in our Hedge Fund Solutions segment driven by $1.5 billion from customized solutions, $1.3 billion from individual investor and specialized solutions and $1.1 billion from commingled products, and
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  o $2.2 billion in our Credit segment driven by $1.8 billion from certain long only and MLP strategies and $189.1 million from our distressed strategies.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  Realizations of $6.0 billion primarily driven by:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  o $2.4 billion in our Real Estate segment driven by $1.4 billion from BREP opportunistic funds and
co-investment,
$480.0 million from core+ real estate funds and $527.7 million from BREDS,
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  o $2.1 billion in our Private Equity segment driven by $1.0 billion from corporate private equity, $616.7 million from Tactical Opportunities and $390.8 million from Strategic Partners, and
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  o $1.2 billion in our Credit segment driven by $533.6 million from our distressed strategies, $189.2 million from certain long only and MLP strategies and $178.0 million from mezzanine funds.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Hedge Fund Solutions had net inflows of $2.7 billion from July 1 through August 1, 2019.
Fee-Earning
Assets Under Management were $387.9 billion at June 30, 2019, an increase of $45.3 billion, or 13%, compared to $342.5 billion at December 31, 2018. The net increase was due to:
  Inflows of $66.9 billion related to:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  o $27.9 billion in our Real Estate segment driven by $19.1 billion from BREP IX, which started its investment period on June 3, 2019 (this amount was reflected in Total Assets Under Management at each closing of the fund), $3.0 billion from BREIT, $2.3 billion from BREDS, $2.0 billion from BPP U.S. and
co-investment
and $497.9 million from BPP Europe and
co-investment,
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  o $22.4 billion in our Private Equity segment driven by $11.1 billion from Strategic Partners, $8.1 billion from BIP, $1.6 billion from Tactical Opportunities, $841.2 million from multi-asset products and $620.8 million from core private equity,
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  o $11.4 billion in our Credit segment driven by $2.9 billion from BIS, $2.8 billion from certain long only and MLP strategies, $2.3 billion from direct lending, $2.0 billion from our distressed strategies, $1.5 billion from CLO launches and $822.3 million from our mezzanine funds, partially offset by $1.1 billion of allocations to other strategies and
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  o $5.2 billion in our Hedge Fund Solutions segment driven by $3.1 billion from individual investor and specialized solutions, $1.1 billion from customized solutions and $983.5 million from commingled products.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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Table of Contents
 
  Market appreciation of $8.8 billion due to:
  o $3.7 billion of appreciation in our Credit segment driven by $3.1 billion of appreciation from certain long only and MLP strategies as well as $807.8 million of appreciation from BIS, partially offset by $272.0 million of foreign exchange depreciation,
  o $3.6 billion of appreciation in our Hedge Fund Solutions segment driven by returns from BAAM’s Principal Solutions Composite of 5.4% gross (5.0% net), and
  o $1.6 billion of appreciation in our Real Estate segment driven by $1.2 billion of appreciation from our core+ real estate funds ($1.3 billion from market appreciation and $41.9 million from foreign exchange depreciation) and $450.8 million of foreign exchange appreciation from BREDS.
Offsetting these increases were:
  Outflows of $18.5 billion primarily attributable to:
  o $6.0 billion in our Hedge Fund Solutions segment driven by $2.7 billion from customized solutions, $2.1 billion from individual investor and specialized solutions and $1.1 billion from commingled products,
  o $5.8 billion in our Real Estate segment driven by $5.4 billion of uninvested reserves at the end of BREP VIII’s investment period (this amount is still classified as available capital and included in Total Assets Under Management) and $256.8 million of redemptions from the BREDS liquids funds,
  o $5.5 billion in our Credit segment driven by $3.6 billion from certain long only and MLP strategies, $1.2 billion from BIS and $333.2 million from our distressed strategies, and
  o $1.2 billion in our Private Equity segment driven by $369.2 million from corporate private equity, $362.7 million from multi-asset products, $194.1 million from BXLS and $183.9 million from Tactical Opportunities.
  Realizations of $11.9 billion primarily driven by:
  o $4.7 billion in our Private Equity segment driven by $2.6 billion from corporate private equity, $968.0 million from Tactical Opportunities, $854.5 million from Strategic Partners and $226.7 million from core private equity,
  o $4.6 billion in our Real Estate segment driven by $2.5 billion from BREP opportunistic funds and
co-investment,
$1.1 billion from core+ real estate funds and $989.9 million from BREDS, and
  o $2.2 billion in our Credit segment driven by $893.0 million from our distressed strategies, $471.5 million from mezzanine funds and $368.8 million from certain long only and MLP strategies.
Total Assets Under Management
Total Assets Under Management were $545.5 billion at June 30, 2019, an increase of $33.7 billion compared to $511.8 billion at March 31, 2019. The net increase was due to:
  Inflows of $45.1 billion related to:
  o $16.8 billion in our Private Equity segment driven by $7.2 billion from BIP, $6.3 billion from Strategic Partners, $2.4 billion from corporate private equity, $821.6 million from Tactical Opportunities and $142.7 million from core private equity,
  o $14.4 billion in our Real Estate segment driven by $8.4 billion from the initial close of the sixth European opportunistic fund (this amount will be reflected in Fee-Earning Assets Under Management when the investment period commences), $1.4 billion capital raised from BREP IX, $2.0 billion capital raised from BREIT, $1.2 billion from BREDS and $887.7 million from BPP funds,
  o $10.1 billion in our Credit segment driven by $5.5 billion from BIS, $2.4 billion from direct lending, $1.7 billion from certain long only and MLP strategies, $628.6 million from our distressed strategies and $453.2 million from a new CLO, partially offset by $864.0 million of allocations to other strategies and
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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Table of Contents
 
  o $3.8 billion in our Hedge Fund Solutions segment driven by $1.9 billion from individual investor and specialized solutions, $1.2 billion from customized solutions and $673.2 million from commingled products.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  Market appreciation of $6.4 billion due to:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  o $3.5 billion of appreciation in our Real Estate segment driven by carrying value increases in our opportunistic and core+ real estate funds of 4.4% and 0.8%, respectively, which includes $156.5 million of foreign exchange appreciation across the segment,
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  o $1.9 billion of appreciation in our Hedge Fund Solutions segment driven by reasons noted above in
Fee-Earning
Assets Under Management,
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  o $842.4 million of appreciation in our Credit segment driven by $693.1 million of appreciation from certain long only and MLP strategies and $207.9 million of appreciation from our mezzanine funds, partially offset by $189.4 million of foreign exchange depreciation, and
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  o $233.7 million of appreciation in our Private Equity segment driven by carrying value increase in corporate private equity and Tactical Opportunities of 0.7% and 1.3%, respectively, which included $64.3 million of foreign exchange depreciation across the segment.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Total Assets Under Management market appreciation (depreciation) in our Real Estate and Private Equity segments generally represents the change in fair value of the investments held and typically exceeds the
Fee-Earning
Assets Under Management market appreciation (depreciation).
Offsetting these increases were:
  Realizations of $10.6 billion primarily driven by:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  o $4.7 billion in our Private Equity segment driven by continued disposition activity across the segment, mainly related to $2.6 billion from corporate private equity, $1.2 billion from Tactical Opportunities, $621.4 million from Strategic Partners, $137.5 million from core private equity and $136.0 million from BXLS,
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  o $4.0 billion in our Real Estate segment driven by $3.1 billion from BREP opportunistic and
co-investment,
$505.3 million from core+ real estate funds and $358.7 million from BREDS, and
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  o $1.6 billion in our Credit segment driven by $724.2 million from our distressed strategies, $295.9 million from our mezzanine funds and $251.8 million from direct lending.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Total Assets Under Management realizations in our Real Estate and Private Equity segments generally represent the total proceeds and typically exceed the
Fee-Earning
Assets Under Management realizations which generally represent only the invested capital.
  Outflows of $7.2 billion primarily attributable to:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  o $4.1 billion in our Hedge Fund Solutions segment driven by $1.5 billion from customized solutions, $1.3 billion from individual investor and specialized solutions and $1.3 billion from commingled products,
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  o $2.3 billion in our Credit segment driven by $1.9 billion from certain long only and MLP strategies and $150.2 million from our distressed strategies, and
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  o $599.9 million in our Real Estate segment driven by redemptions from BREDS liquids funds and the release of uninvested capital for both a core+ vehicle and BREDS drawdown vehicle.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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Total Assets Under Management were $545.5 billion at June 30, 2019, an increase of $73.2 billion, or 16%, compared to $472.2 billion at December 31, 2018. The net increase was due to:
  Inflows of $88.0 billion related to:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  o $45.3 billion in our Private Equity segment driven by $24.9 billion from corporate private equity due to the initial close for the eighth flagship private equity fund in the first quarter of 2019 (this amount will be reflected in Fee-Earning Assets Under Management when the investment period commences), $9.0 billion from Strategic Partners, $8.3 billion from BIP, $3.0 billion from Tactical Opportunities and $324.3 million from core private equity, partially offset by $210.2 million from BXLS,
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  o $19.4 billion in our Real Estate segment driven by $8.4 billion from the initial close of the sixth European opportunistic fund, $3.9 billion capital raised from BREP IX, $2.9 billion capital raised from BREIT, $1.7 billion from BPP funds and $1.6 billion from BREDS,
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  o $17.0 billion in our Credit segment driven by $5.6 billion from BIS, $4.0 billion from direct lending, $3.5 billion from our distressed strategies, $3.0 billion from certain long only and MLP strategies and $1.5 billion from CLO launches, and
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  o $6.4 billion in our Hedge Fund Solutions segment driven by $2.7 billion from individual investor and specialized solutions, $2.6 billion from customized solutions, and $1.0 billion from commingled products.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  Market appreciation of $19.4 billion due to:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  o $6.8 billion of appreciation in our Real Estate segment driven by carrying value increases in our opportunistic and core+ real estate funds of 9.1% and 4.1%, respectively, which includes $271.8 million of foreign exchange depreciation across the segment,
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  o $4.6 billion of appreciation in our Credit segment driven by $3.2 billion of appreciation from certain long only and MLP strategies, $807.8 million of appreciation from BIS, $467.4 million of appreciation from our mezzanine funds and $244.6 million from direct lending, partially offset by $296.9 million of foreign exchange depreciation,
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  o $4.1 billion of appreciation in our Private Equity segment driven by carrying value increase in corporate private equity, Tactical Opportunities and Strategic Partners of 5.3%, 4.0% and 1.8%, respectively, which included $107.4 million of foreign exchange appreciation across the segment, and
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  o $3.9 billion of appreciation in our Hedge Fund Solutions segment driven by reasons noted above in
Fee-Earning
Assets Under Management.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Offsetting these increases were:
  Realizations of $18.9 billion primarily driven by:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  o $8.4 billion in our Private Equity segment driven by continued disposition activity across the segment, mainly related to $4.8 billion from corporate private equity, $1.8 billion from Tactical Opportunities, $1.1 billion from Strategic Partners, $378.0 million from core private equity, and $283.8 million from BXLS,
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  o $7.0 billion in our Real Estate segment driven by $5.2 billion from BREP opportunistic and
co-investment,
$1.1 billion from core+ real estate funds and $717.6 million from BREDS, and
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  o $2.9 billion in our Credit segment driven by $1.2 billion from our distressed strategies, $690.3 million from our mezzanine strategies, $378.0 million from certain long only and MLP strategies and $368.8 million from direct lending.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  Outflows of $15.3 billion primarily attributable to:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  o $6.9 billion in our Credit segment driven by $3.6 billion from certain long only and MLP strategies, $1.4 billion from direct lending and $1.2 billion from BIS,
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  o $6.2 billion in our Hedge Fund Solutions segment driven by $2.7 billion from customized solutions, $2.1 billion from individual investor and specialized solutions and $1.3 billion from commingled products, and
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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  o $1.8 billion in our Real Estate segment driven by redemptions from BREDS liquids funds and the release of uninvested capital for both a core+ vehicle and BREDS drawdown vehicle.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Limited Partner Capital Invested
The following presents the Limited Partner Capital Invested for each of the respective three month periods:
 
 
 
 
Note:    Totals may not add due to rounding.
                                                                                                                             
 
 
Three Months Ended
 
Six Months Ended
 
 
June 30,
 
June 30,
 
 
2018
 
2019
 
2018
 
2019
 
 
 
(Dollars in Thousands)
Limited Partner Capital Invested
   
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
 
Real Estate
   $
4,538,154
     $
3,887,091
     $
8,792,355
     $
6,927,157
 
Private Equity
   
2,356,960
     
6,909,871
     
5,658,909
     
13,338,863
 
Hedge Fund Solutions
   
112,753
     
1,101,801
     
868,571
     
1,209,807
 
Credit
   
1,018,831
     
3,158,897
     
2,030,192
     
4,426,196
 
                                 
 
   $
8,026,698
     $
15,057,660
     $
17,350,027
     $
25,902,023
 
                                 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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Dry Powder
The following presents our Dry Powder as of quarter end of each period:
 
 
 
Note: Totals may not add due to rounding.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(a) Represents illiquid drawdown funds, a component of Perpetual Capital and
fee-paying
co-investments;
includes
fee-paying
third party capital as well as general partner and employee capital that does not earn fees. Amounts are reduced by outstanding capital commitments, for which capital has not yet been invested.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
                 
 
June 30,
 
2018
 
2019
 
 
(Dollars in Thousands)
Dry Powder Available for Investment
   
     
 
Real Estate
   $
26,545,329
     $
45,079,008
 
Private Equity
   
36,425,713
     
74,928,694
 
Hedge Fund Solutions
   
3,501,849
     
2,390,445
 
Credit
   
21,844,231
     
27,920,402
 
                 
   $
     88,317,122
     $
     150,318,549
 
                 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net Accrued Performance Revenues
The following table presents the Accrued Performance Revenues, net of performance compensation, of the Blackstone Funds as of June 30, 2019 and 2018. Net Accrued Performance Revenues presented do not include clawback amounts, if any, which are disclosed in Note 18. “Commitments and Contingencies — Contingencies — Contingent Obligations (Clawback)” in the “Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements” in “Part I. Item 1. Financial Statements” of this filing. The Net Accrued Performance Revenues as of each reporting date were principally unrealized; if realized, such amount can be a significant component of Distributable Earnings. See “—
Non-GAAP
Financial Measures” for our reconciliation of Net Accrued Performance Revenues.
 
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June 30,
 
 
2019
 
2018
 
 
 
      (Dollars in Millions)      
Real Estate
   
 
     
 
 
BREP IV
   $
11
     $
14
 
BREP V
   
54
     
159
 
BREP VI
   
106
     
132
 
BREP VII
   
542
     
592
 
BREP VIII
   
517
     
317
 
BREP International II
   
25
     
 
BREP Europe III
   
     
33
 
BREP Europe IV
   
209
     
211
 
BREP Europe V
   
161
     
61
 
BREP Asia I
   
159
     
110
 
BPP
   
242
     
194
 
BREIT
   
36
     
10
 
BREDS
   
28
     
29
 
BTAS
   
41
     
31
 
                 
Total Real Estate (a)
   
2,133
     
1,893
 
                 
                 
Private Equity
   
 
     
 
 
BCP IV
   
37
     
99
 
BCP V
   
     
87
 
BCP VI
   
755
     
911
 
BCP VII
   
293
     
94
 
BCP Asia
   
6
     
 
BEP I
   
134
     
142
 
BEP II
   
54
     
50
 
Tactical Opportunities
   
140
     
152
 
Strategic Partners
   
98
     
91
 
BCEP
   
30
     
 
BTAS
   
51
     
30
 
Other
   
     
1
 
                 
Total Private Equity (a)
   
1,599
     
1,657
 
                 
                 
Hedge Fund Solutions
   
69
     
23
 
                 
                 
Credit
   
244
     
299
 
                 
                 
Total Blackstone Net Accrued Performance Revenues
   $
4,044
     $
3,872
 
                 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Note:    Totals may not add due to rounding.
(a) Real Estate and Private Equity include
Co-Investments,
as applicable.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
For the year ended June 30, 2019, Net Accrued Performance Revenues receivable was increased by Net Accrued Performance Revenues of  $1.2 billion and decreased by net realized distributions of  $1.0 billion.
 
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Invested Performance Revenue Eligible Assets Under Management
The following presents our Invested Performance Revenue Eligible Assets Under Management as of quarter end for each period:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Note:    Totals may not add due to rounding.
 
94
 
 
 
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Perpetual Capital
The following presents our Perpetual Capital as of quarter end for each period:
 
 
 
Note: Totals may not add due to rounding.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Investment Record
Fund returns information for our significant funds is included throughout this discussion and analysis to facilitate an understanding of our results of operations for the periods presented. The fund returns information reflected in this discussion and analysis is not indicative of the financial performance of Blackstone and is also not necessarily indicative of the future performance of any particular fund. An investment in Blackstone is not an investment in any of our funds. There can be no assurance that any of our funds or our other existing and future funds will achieve similar returns.
The following table presents the investment record of our significant drawdown funds from inception through June 30, 2019:
 
95
 
 
Table of Contents
 
                                                                                         
 
 
 
Unrealized Investments
 
Realized Investments
 
Total Investments
 
   
 
Fund (Investment Period
 
Committed
 
Available
 
 
   
%
   
 
   
 
   
Net IRRs (d)
 
Beginning Date / Ending Date) (a)
 
Capital
 
Capital (b)
 
Value
 
MOIC (c)
   
Public
   
Value
 
MOIC (c)
   
Value
 
MOIC (c)
   
Realized
   
Total
 
 
(Dollars in Thousands, Except Where Noted)
   
Real Estate
 
Pre-BREP
   $
140,714
     $
     $
     
N/A
     
-
     $
345,190
     
2.5x
     $
345,190
     
2.5x
     
33%
     
33%
 
BREP I (Sep 1994 / Oct 1996)
   
380,708
     
     
     
N/A
     
-
     
1,327,708
     
2.8x
     
1,327,708
     
2.8x
     
40%
     
40%
 
BREP II (Oct 1996 / Mar 1999)
   
1,198,339
     
     
     
N/A
     
-
     
2,531,614
     
2.1x
     
2,531,614
     
2.1x
     
19%
     
19%
 
BREP III (Apr 1999 / Apr 2003)
   
1,522,708
     
     
     
N/A
     
-
     
3,330,406
     
2.4x
     
3,330,406
     
2.4x
     
21%
     
21%
 
BREP IV (Apr 2003 / Dec 2005)
   
2,198,694
     
     
85,178
     
0.1x
     
53%
     
4,493,255
     
2.2x
     
4,578,433
     
1.7x
     
28%
     
12%
 
BREP V (Dec 2005 / Feb 2007)
   
5,539,418
     
     
519,637
     
1.6x
     
33%
     
12,804,964
     
2.3x
     
13,324,601
     
2.3x
     
12%
     
11%
 
BREP VI (Feb 2007 / Aug 2011)
   
11,060,444
     
     
1,007,808
     
2.5x
     
53%
     
26,707,066
     
2.5x
     
27,714,874
     
2.5x
     
13%
     
13%
 
BREP VII (Aug 2011 / Apr 2015)
   
13,496,564
     
1,906,353
     
8,990,819
     
1.7x
     
16%
     
20,543,254
     
2.1x
     
29,534,073
     
2.0x
     
24%
     
17%
 
BREP VIII (Apr 2015 / Jun 2019)
   
16,585,073
     
5,069,766
     
15,875,492
     
1.4x
     
1%
     
5,251,374
     
1.6x
     
21,126,866
     
1.4x
     
27%
     
15%
 
BREP IX (Jun 2019 / Dec 2024)
   
19,562,369
     
19,562,369
     
     
N/A
     
-
     
     
N/A
     
     
N/A
     
N/A
     
N/A
 
                                                                                         
Total Global BREP
   $
71,685,031
     $
26,538,488
     $
26,478,934
     
1.5x
     
9%
     $
77,334,831
     
2.2x
     $
103,813,765
     
2.0x
     
18%
     
16%
 
                                                                                         
BREP Int’l (Jan 2001 / Sep 2005)
   
824,172
     
     
     
N/A
     
-
     
1,370,659
     
2.1x
     
1,370,659
     
2.1x
     
23%
     
23%
 
BREP Int’l II (Sep 2005 / Jun 2008) (e)
   
1,629,748
     
     
167,659
     
4.4x
     
-
     
2,392,421
     
1.8x
     
2,560,080
     
1.8x
     
8%
     
8%
 
BREP Europe III
(Jun 2008 / Sep 2013)
   
3,205,167
     
465,609
     
665,111
     
0.9x
     
-
     
5,496,293
     
2.5x
     
6,161,404
     
2.1x
     
21%
     
15%
 
BREP Europe IV
(Sep 2013 / Dec 2016)
   
6,709,145
     
1,346,165
     
4,161,915
     
1.6x
     
13%
     
7,564,756
     
2.0x
     
11,726,671
     
1.8x
     
24%
     
17%
 
BREP Europe V
(Dec 2016 / Jun 2022)
   
7,944,368
     
2,928,021
     
6,474,004
     
1.3x
     
-
     
186,289
     
2.4x
     
6,660,293
     
1.3x
     
64%
     
17%
 
BREP Europe VI (TBD)
   
7,525,683
     
7,525,681
     
     
N/A
     
-
     
     
N/A
     
     
N/A
     
N/A
     
N/A
 
                                                                                         
Total Euro BREP
   
27,838,283
     
12,265,476
     
11,468,689
     
1.4x
     
5%
     
17,010,418
     
2.1x
     
28,479,107
     
1.7x
     
16%
     
14%
 
                                                                                         
BREP Asia I (Jun 2013 / Dec 2017)
   $
5,096,361
     $
1,728,965
     $
4,211,773
     
1.5x
     
11%
     $
3,312,116
     
1.8x
     $
7,523,889
     
1.6x
     
21%
     
15%
 
BREP Asia II (Dec 2017 / Jun 2023)
   
7,179,916
     
5,408,481
     
1,968,923
     
1.1x
     
-
     
2,000
     
N/M
     
1,970,923
     
1.1x
     
N/M
     
4%
 
BREP
Co-Investment
(f)
   
7,045,918
     
157,335
     
1,767,526
     
1.9x
     
26%
     
12,666,695
     
2.1x
     
14,434,221
     
2.1x
     
16%
     
16%
 
                                                                                         
Total BREP
   $
124,393,601
     $
47,740,949
     $
47,848,849
     
1.4x
     
12%
     $
114,954,153
     
2.2x
     $
162,803,002
     
1.9x
     
18%
     
15%
 
                                                                                         
BPP (Various) (g)
   
26,737,038
     
1,222,865
     
30,407,207
     
1.2x
     
-
     
4,504,405
     
2.3x
     
34,911,612
     
1.3x
     
N/M
     
10%
 
BREDS High-Yield (Various) (h)
   
12,053,117
     
2,422,012
     
3,554,670
     
1.1x
     
-
     
10,742,370
     
1.3x
     
14,297,040
     
1.2x
     
11%
     
11%
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
continued...
 
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Unrealized Investments
 
Realized Investments
 
Total Investments
 
   
 
Fund (Investment Period
 
Committed
 
Available
 
 
   
%
   
 
   
 
   
Net IRRs (d)
 
Beginning Date / Ending Date) (a)
 
Capital
 
Capital (b)
 
Value
 
MOIC (c)
   
Public
   
Value
 
MOIC (c)
   
Value
 
MOIC (c)
   
Realized
   
Total
 
 
(Dollars in Thousands, Except Where Noted)
   
Private Equity
 
BCP I (Oct 1987 / Oct 1993)
   $
859,081
     $
     $
     
N/A
     
-
     $
1,741,738
     
2.6x
     $
1,741,738
     
2.6x
     
19%
     
19%
 
BCP II (Oct 1993 / Aug 1997)
   
1,361,100
     
     
     
N/A
     
-
     
3,256,819
     
2.5x
     
3,256,819
     
2.5x
     
32%
     
32%
 
BCP III (Aug 1997 / Nov 2002)
   
3,967,422
     
     
     
N/A
     
-
     
9,184,688
     
2.3x
     
9,184,688
     
2.3x
     
14%
     
14%
 
BCOM (Jun 2000 / Jun 2006)
   
2,137,330
     
24,575
     
13,723
     
N/A
     
-
     
2,953,649
     
1.4x
     
2,967,372
     
1.4x
     
6%
     
6%
 
BCP IV (Nov 2002 / Dec 2005)
   
6,773,182
     
204,794
     
169,034
     
2.6x
     
-
     
21,417,730
     
2.9x
     
21,586,764
     
2.9x
     
36%
     
36%
 
BCP V (Dec 2005 / Jan 2011)
   
21,013,586
     
1,039,733
     
803,327
     
0.8x
     
44%
     
37,188,995
     
1.9x
     
37,992,322
     
1.9x
     
9%
     
8%
 
BCP VI (Jan 2011 / May 2016)
   
15,191,541
     
1,740,222
     
13,779,127
     
1.7x
     
38%
     
13,530,145
     
2.1x
     
27,309,272
     
1.9x
     
19%
     
13%
 
BEP I (Aug 2011 / Feb 2015)
   
2,435,285
     
224,784
     
1,942,443
     
1.9x
     
58%
     
2,655,839
     
1.9x
     
4,598,282
     
1.9x
     
16%
     
14%
 
BEP II (Feb 2015 / Feb 2021)
   
4,912,842
     
857,610
     
4,410,554
     
1.3x
     
-
     
269,992
     
1.8x
     
4,680,546
     
1.3x
     
24%
     
9%
 
BCP VII (May 2016 / May 2022)
   
18,787,568
     
7,414,455
     
12,744,292
     
1.4x
     
-
     
1,167,223
     
1.7x
     
13,911,515
     
1.4x
     
42%
     
19%
 
BCP Asia (Dec 2017 / Dec 2023)
   
2,389,096
     
1,495,423
     
565,977
     
1.3x
     
-
     
     
N/A
     
565,977
     
1.3x
     
N/A
     
37%
 
BEP III (TBD)
   
3,808,631
     
3,808,631
     
     
N/A
     
-
     
     
N/A
     
     
N/A
     
N/A
     
N/A
 
BCP VIII (TBD)
   
23,186,208
     
23,186,208
     
     
N/A
     
-
     
     
N/A
     
     
N/A
     
N/A
     
N/A
 
                                                                                         
Total Corporate Private Equity
   $
106,822,872
     $
39,996,435
     $
34,428,477
     
1.5x
     
19%
     $
93,366,818
     
2.1x
     $
127,795,295
     
1.9x
     
16%
     
15%
 
                                                                                         
Tactical Opportunities (Various)
   
23,700,086
     
10,574,775
     
10,193,246
     
1.2x
     
10%
     
7,679,719
     
1.7x
     
17,872,965
     
1.4x
     
21%
     
10%
 
Tactical Opportunities
Co-Investment
and Other (Various)
   
5,938,806
     
1,955,170
     
3,777,453
     
1.2x
     
5%
     
1,767,187
     
1.5x
     
5,544,640
     
1.3x
     
24%
     
12%
 
                                                                                         
Total Tactical Opportunities
   $
29,638,892
     $
12,529,945
     $
13,970,699
     
1.2x
     
9%
     $
9,446,906
     
1.7x
     $
23,417,605
     
1.4x
     
21%
     
11%
 
                                                                                         
Strategic Partners
I-V
(Various) (i)
   
11,862,601
     
1,752,541
     
1,281,172
     
N/M
     
-
     
16,352,178
     
N/M
     
17,633,350
     
1.5x
     
N/A
     
13%
 
Strategic Partners VI
(Apr 2014 / Apr 2016) (i)
   
4,362,750
     
1,123,539
     
1,590,319
     
N/M
     
-
     
2,956,879
     
N/M
     
4,547,198
     
1.5x
     
N/A
     
17%
 
Strategic Partners VII
(May 2016 / Mar 2019) (i)
   
7,489,970
     
2,489,452
     
5,673,278
     
N/M
     
-
     
885,791
     
N/M
     
6,559,069
     
1.4x
     
N/A
     
25%
 
Strategic Partners RA II
(May 2017 / Mar 2022) (i)
   
1,749,807
     
684,257
     
730,741
     
N/M
     
-
     
109,311
     
N/M
     
840,052
     
1.2x
     
N/A
     
17%
 
Strategic Partners VIII
(Mar 2019 / Jul 2023) (i)
   
10,533,600
     
7,676,804
     
591,603
     
N/M
     
-
     
     
N/A
     
591,603
     
1.0x
     
N/A
     
N/M
 
Strategic Partners RE, SMA and Other (Various) (i)
   
5,665,536
     
1,881,140
     
1,926,558
     
N/M
     
-
     
968,040
     
N/M
     
2,894,598
     
1.3x
     
N/A
     
17%
 
                                                                                         
Total Strategic Partners
   $
41,664,264
     $
15,607,733
     $
11,793,671
     
N/M
     
-
     $
21,272,199
     
N/M
     $
33,065,870
     
1.4x
     
N/A
     
14%
 
                                                                                         
BCEP (Jan 2017 / Jan 2021) (j)
   
4,755,613
     
2,281,812
     
3,102,524
     
1.2x
     
-
     
378,007
     
1.6x
     
3,480,531
     
1.3x
     
27%
     
14%
 
BIP (Various)
   
13,659,163
     
12,471,902
     
1,187,262
     
1.0x
     
100%
     
     
N/A
     
1,187,262
     
1.0x
     
N/A
     
N/M
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
continued...
 
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Table of Contents
 
                                                                                         
 
 
 
Unrealized Investments
 
Realized Investments
 
Total Investments
 
   
 
Fund (Investment Period
 
Committed
 
Available
 
 
   
%
   
 
   
 
   
Net IRRs (d)
 
Beginning Date / Ending Date) (a)
 
Capital
 
Capital (b)
 
Value
 
MOIC (c)
   
Public
   
Value
 
MOIC (c)
   
Value
 
MOIC (c)
   
Realized
   
Total
 
 
(Dollars in Thousands, Except Where Noted)
   
Hedge Fund Solutions
 
Total Strategic Capital Holdings (Dec 2013 / Jun 2020) (k)
   $
3,378,575
     $
730,855
     $
1,676,269
     
1.1x
     
-
     $
392,301
     
N/M
     $
2,068,570
     
1.4x
     
N/A
     
9%
 
                                                                                         
                                                                                         
Credit (l)
   
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
 
Mezzanine I
(Jul 2007 / Oct 2011)
   $
2,000,000
     $
97,114
     $
22,864
     
1.2x
     
-
     $
4,772,270
     
1.6x
     $
4,795,134
     
1.6x
     
N/A
     
17%
 
Mezzanine II
(Nov 2011 / Nov 2016)
   
4,120,000
     
1,078,506
     
1,898,494
     
1.0x
     
7%
     
4,816,985
     
1.6x
     
6,715,479
     
1.4x
     
N/A
     
12%
 
Mezzanine III
(Sep 2016 / Sep 2021)
   
6,639,133
     
2,260,839
     
4,323,712
     
1.1x
     
2%
     
1,248,248
     
1.6x
     
5,571,960
     
1.2x
     
N/A
     
13%
 
Stressed / Distressed Investing I (Sep 2009 / May 2013)
   
3,253,143
     
135,000
     
201,288
     
0.4x
     
-
     
5,744,873
     
1.6x
     
5,946,161
     
1.4x
     
N/A
     
10%
 
Stressed / Distressed Investing II (Jun 2013 / Jun 2018)
   
5,125,000
     
540,145
     
1,686,278
     
0.8x
     
18%
     
3,971,120
     
1.3x
     
5,657,398
     
1.1x
     
N/A
     
5%
 
Stressed / Distressed Investing III (Dec 2017 / Dec 2022)
   
7,356,380
     
5,447,806
     
1,780,427
     
1.0x
     
2%
     
553,681
     
1.3x
     
2,334,108
     
1.1x
     
N/A
     
15%
 
Energy Select Opportunities
(Nov 2015 / Nov 2018)
   
2,856,867
     
884,658
     
2,022,053
     
1.2x
     
-
     
670,729
     
1.6x
     
2,692,782
     
1.3x
     
N/A
     
12%
 
Energy Select Opportunities II (Feb 2019 / Feb 2024)
   
3,347,431
     
2,976,038
     
489,928
     
1.0x
     
-
     
     
N/A
     
489,928
     
1.0x
     
N/A
     
N/M
 
Euro
 
European Senior Debt Fund
(Feb 2015 / Feb 2019)
   
1,694,689
     
318,903
     
2,108,075
     
1.0x
     
-
     
940,008
     
1.6x
     
3,048,083
     
1.2x
     
N/A
     
10%
 
European Senior Debt Fund II
(Jun 2019 / Jun 2024)
   
629,740
     
476,310
     
152,443
     
1.0x
     
-
     
     
N/A
     
152,443
     
1.0x
     
N/A
     
N/M
 
                                                                                         
Total Credit
   $
37,678,960
     $
14,325,694
     $
14,999,276
     
1.0x
     
4%
     $
22,853,291
     
1.5x
     $
37,852,567
     
1.3x
     
N/A
     
12%
 
                                                                                         
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
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The returns presented herein represent those of the applicable Blackstone Funds and not those of Blackstone.
 
N/M Not meaningful generally due to the limited time since initial investment.
 
 
 
 
 
 
N/A Not applicable.
 
 
 
 
 
 
(a) Excludes investment vehicles where Blackstone does not earn fees.
 
 
 
 
 
 
(b) Available Capital represents total investable capital commitments, including
side-by-side,
adjusted for certain expenses and expired or recallable capital and may include leverage, less invested capital. This amount is not reduced by outstanding commitments to investments.
 
 
 
 
 
 
(c) Multiple of Invested Capital (“MOIC”) represents carrying value, before management fees, expenses and Performance Revenues, divided by invested capital.
 
 
 
 
 
 
(d) Net Internal Rate of Return (“IRR”) represents the annualized inception to June 30, 2019 IRR on total invested capital based on realized proceeds and unrealized value, as applicable, after management fees, expenses and Performance Revenues. IRRs are calculated using actual timing of limited partner cash flows. Initial inception date cash flow may differ from the Investment Period Beginning Date.
 
 
 
 
 
 
(e) The 8% Realized Net IRR and 8% Total Net IRR exclude investors that opted out of the Hilton investment opportunity. Overall BREP International II performance reflects a 7% Realized Net IRR and a 7% Total Net IRR.
 
 
 
 
 
 
(f) BREP
Co-Investment
represents
co-investment
capital raised for various BREP investments. The Net IRR reflected is calculated by aggregating each
co-investment’s
realized proceeds and unrealized value, as applicable, after management fees, expenses and Performance Revenues.
 
 
 
 
 
 
(g) BPP represents the core+ real estate funds which invest with a more modest risk profile and lower leverage. Excludes BREIT.
 
 
 
 
 
 
(h) BREDS High-Yield represents the flagship real estate debt drawdown funds only and excludes BREDS
High-Grade.
 
 
 
 
 
 
(i) Realizations are treated as return of capital until fully recovered and therefore unrealized and realized MOICs are not meaningful. If information is not available on a timely basis, returns are calculated from results that are reported on a three month lag.
 
 
 
 
 
 
(j) BCEP, or Blackstone Core Equity Partners, is a core private equity fund which invests with a more modest risk profile and longer hold period.
 
 
 
 
 
 
(k) Represents Blackstone Strategic Capital Holdings (including
Co-investment)
which is focused on acquiring strategic minority positions in alternative asset managers.
 
 
 
 
 
 
(l) Funds presented represent the flagship credit drawdown funds only. The Total Credit Net IRR is the combined IRR of the credit drawdown funds presented.
 
 
 
 
 
 
Segment Analysis
Discussed below is our Segment Distributable Earnings for each of our segments. This information is reflected in the manner utilized by our senior management to make operating decisions, assess performance and allocate resources. References to “our” sectors or investments may also refer to portfolio companies and investments of the underlying funds that we manage.
 
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Real Estate
The following table presents the results of operations for our Real Estate segment:
                                                                 
 
Three Months Ended
 
 
 
Six Months Ended
 
 
 
 
June 30,
 
2019 vs. 2018
 
June 30,
 
2019 vs. 2018
 
2019
 
2018
 
$
 
%
 
2019
 
2018
 
$
 
%
 
 
(Dollars in Thousands)
Management Fees, Net
   
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
 
Base Management Fees
   $
255,636
     $
249,680
     $
5,956
     
2
%    $
515,881
     $
476,206
     $
39,675
     
8
%
Transaction and Other Fees, Net
   
23,990
     
23,859
     
131
     
1
%    
47,901
     
46,947
     
954
     
2
%
Management Fee Offsets
   
(1,686
)    
(3,785
)    
2,099
     
-55
%    
(1,966
)    
(5,453
)    
3,487
     
-64
%
                                                                 
Total Management Fees, Net
   
277,940
     
269,754
     
8,186
     
3
%    
561,816
     
517,700
     
44,116
     
9
%
Fee Related Performance Revenues
   
11,072
     
45,515
     
(34,443
)    
-76
%    
17,748
     
50,018
     
(32,270
)    
-65
%
Fee Related Compensation
   
(97,795
)    
(120,783
)    
22,988
     
-19
%    
(212,611
)    
(221,393
)    
8,782
     
-4
%
Other Operating Expenses
   
(40,114
)    
(36,026
)    
(4,088
)    
11
%    
(79,100
)    
(65,443
)    
(13,657
)    
21
%
                                                                 
Fee Related Earnings
   
151,103
     
158,460
     
(7,357
)    
-5
%    
287,853
     
280,882
     
6,971
     
2
%
                                                                 
Realized Performance Revenues
   
198,573
     
317,509
     
(118,936
)    
-37
%    
275,755
     
468,690
     
(192,935
)    
-41
%
Realized Performance Compensation
   
(67,742
)    
(94,716
)    
26,974
     
-28
%    
(97,642
)    
(150,831
)    
53,189
     
-35
%
Realized Principal Investment Income
   
47,420
     
50,199
     
(2,779
)    
-6
%    
45,289
     
64,889
     
(19,600
)    
-30
%
                                                                 
Net Realizations
   
178,251
     
272,992
     
(94,741
)    
-35
%    
223,402
     
382,748
     
(159,346
)    
-42
%
                                                                 
Segment Distributable Earnings
   $
     329,354
     $
     431,452
     $
     (102,098
)    
  -24
%    $
     511,255
     $
     663,630
     $
     (152,375
)    
  -23
%
                                                                 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
N/M    Not meaningful.
Three Months Ended June 30, 2019 Compared to Three Months Ended June 30, 2018
Segment Distributable Earnings were $329.4 million for the three months ended June 30, 2019, a decrease of $102.1 million, compared to $431.5 million for the three months ended June 30, 2018. The decrease in Segment Distributable Earnings was primarily attributable to decreases of $7.4 million in Fee Related Earnings and $94.7 million in Net Realizations.
Segment Distributable Earnings in our Real Estate segment in the second quarter of 2019 were lower compared to the second quarter of 2018. This was primarily driven by lower realizations in an environment that has, despite increased optimism in the first and second quarters of 2019, been characterized by volatility and macroeconomic and geopolitical concerns, such as concerns regarding trade conflict with China and the rate of global growth. We have also seen an increasing focus in growing urban areas in certain markets in the U.S. and Western Europe toward rent regulation as a means to address residential affordability caused by undersupply. Such conditions (which may be across industries, sectors or geographies) may contribute to adverse operating performance, including by moderating rent growth in certain markets in our residential portfolio. Such conditions may also limit attractive realization opportunities for our Real Estate Segment, which had $4.0 billion of realizations in the second quarter of 2019. Overall, operating trends in our Real Estate portfolio remain stable and supply-demand fundamentals remain positive in most markets, although decelerating growth in certain sectors, including retail, may contribute to a more challenging operating environment. Factors such as increasing wages and a tight labor market create profit margin pressure in certain sectors in the U.S., including hospitality. Capital deployment in opportunistic investments in the United States continues to be challenging, as distress levels are low and asset values are relatively high. Nonetheless, our Real Estate funds deployed or committed an aggregate of $10.1 billion of capital in the second quarter of 2019, primarily in North America. Although interest rates are expected to decrease in the near term, should the Federal Reserve choose to increase interest rates against a backdrop of slowing economic growth, the cost of debt financing for our real estate businesses and assets will likely increase and Segment Distributable Earnings in our Real Estate segment would also potentially be negatively impacted. See “Part I. Item 1A. Risk Factors — Risks Related to Our Business — Difficult market conditions can
 
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adversely affect our business in many ways, including by reducing the value or performance of the investments made by our investment funds, making it more difficult to find opportunities for our funds to exit and realize value from existing investments and reducing the ability of our investment funds to raise or deploy capital, each of which could materially reduce our revenue, earnings and cash flow and adversely affect our financial prospects and condition.” in our Annual Report on Form
 10-K
for the year ended December 31, 2018.
Fee Related Earnings
Fee Related Earnings were $151.1 million for the three months ended June 30, 2019, a decrease of $7.4 million, compared to $158.5 million for the three months ended June 30, 2018. The decrease in Fee Related Earnings was primarily attributable to a decrease of $34.4 million in Fee Related Performance Revenues, partially offset by a decrease of $23.0 million in Fee Related Compensation and an increase of $8.2 million in Management Fees, Net.
Fee Related Performance Revenues were $11.1 million for the three months ended June 30, 2019, a decrease of $34.4 million, compared to $45.5 million for the three months ended June 30, 2018. The decrease was primarily due to timing of crystallizations in BPP U.S.
Fee Related Compensation was $97.8 million for the three months ended June 30, 2019, a decrease of $23.0 million, compared to $120.8 million for the three months ended June 30, 2018. The decrease was primarily due to the decrease in Fee Related Performance Revenues, on which a portion of Fee Related Compensation is based.
Management Fees, Net were $277.9 million for the three months ended June 30, 2019, an increase of $8.2 million, compared to $269.8 million for the three months ended June 30, 2018, primarily driven by an increase in Base Management Fees. Base Management Fees were $255.6 million for the three months ended June 30, 2019, an increase of $6.0 million, compared to $249.7 million for the three months ended June 30, 2018, primarily due to
Fee-Earning
Assets Under Management growth in our core+ real estate funds.
Net Realizations
Net Realizations were $178.3 million for the three months ended June 30, 2019, a decrease of $94.7 million, compared to $273.0 million for the three months ended June 30, 2018. The decrease in Net Realizations was primarily attributable to a decrease of $118.9 million in Realized Performance Revenues, partially offset by a decrease of $27.0 million in Realized Performance Compensation.
Realized Performance Revenues were $198.6 million for the three months ended June 30, 2019, a decrease of $118.9 million, compared to $317.5 million for the three months ended June 30, 2018. The decrease was due to higher realization activity in the three months ended June 30, 2018.
Realized Performance Compensation was $67.7 million for the three months ended June 30, 2019, a decrease of $27.0 million, compared to $94.7 million for the three months ended June 30, 2018. The decrease was due to the decrease in Realized Performance Revenues.
Six Months Ended June 30, 2019 Compared to Six Months Ended June 30, 2018
Segment Distributable Earnings were $511.3 million for the six months ended June 30, 2019, a decrease of $152.4 million, compared to $663.6 million for the six months ended June 30, 2018. The decrease in Segment Distributable Earnings was primarily attributable to a decrease of $159.3 million in Net Realizations, partially offset by an increase of $7.0 million in Fee Related Earnings.
Fee Related Earnings
Fee Related Earnings were $287.9 million for the six months ended June 30, 2019, an increase of $7.0 million, compared to $280.9 million for the six months ended June 30, 2018. The increase in Fee Related Earnings was primarily attributable to an increase of $44.1 million in Management Fees, Net and a decrease of $8.8 million in
 
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Fee Related Compensation, partially offset by a decrease of $32.3 million in Fee Related Performance Revenues and an increase of $13.7 million in Other Operating Expenses.
Management Fees, Net were $561.8 million for the six months ended June 30, 2019, an increase of $44.1 million, compared to $517.7 million for the six months ended June 30, 2018, primarily driven by an increase in Base Management Fees. Base Management Fees were $515.9 million for the six months ended June 30, 2019, an increase of $39.7 million, compared to $476.2 million for the six months ended June 30, 2018, primarily due to
Fee-Earning
Assets Under Management growth in our core+ real estate funds.
The Annualized Base Management Fee Rate decreased from 1.12% at June 30, 2018 to 0.91% at June 30, 2019. The decrease was principally due to the commencement of the investment period of BREP IX in the second quarter of 2019, which added
Fee-Earning
Assets Under Management, the majority of which are under a Base Management Fee holiday until the fourth quarter of 2019.
Fee Related Compensation was $212.6 million for the six months ended June 30, 2019, a decrease of $8.8 million, compared to $221.4 million for the six months ended June 30, 2018. The decrease was primarily due to a decrease in Fee Related Performance Fee Revenues, offset by an increase in Management and Advisory Fees, Net, on which a portion of Fee Related Compensation is based.
Fee Related Performance Revenues were $17.7 million for the six months ended June 30, 2019, a decrease of $32.3 million, compared to $50.0 million for the six months ended June 30, 2018. The decrease was primarily due to timing of crystallizations in BPP U.S.
Other Operating Expenses were $79.1 million for the six months ended June 30, 2019, an increase of $13.7 million, compared to $65.4 million for the six months ended June 30, 2018. The increase was primarily due to an increase in professional fees.
Net Realizations
Net Realizations were $223.4 million for the six months ended June 30, 2019, a decrease of $159.3 million, compared to $382.7 million for the six months ended June 30, 2018. The decrease in Net Realizations was primarily attributable to decreases of $192.9 million in Realized Performance Revenues and $19.6 million in Realized Principal Investment Income, partially offset by a decrease of $53.2 million in Realized Performance Compensation.
Realized Performance Revenues were $275.8 million for the six months ended June 30, 2019, a decrease of $192.9 million, compared to $468.7 million for the six months ended June 30, 2018. The decrease was due to lower Realized Performance Revenues in BREP.
Realized Principal Investment Income was $45.3 million for the six months ended June 30, 2019, a decrease of $19.6 million, compared to $64.9 million for the six months ended June 30, 2018. The decrease was primarily due to lower Realized Principal Investment Income for BREP VI.
Realized Performance Compensation was $97.6 million for the six months ended June 30, 2019, a decrease of $53.2 million, compared to $150.8 million for the six months ended June 30, 2018. The decrease was due to the decrease in Realized Performance Revenues.
Fund Returns
Fund return information for our significant funds is included throughout this discussion and analysis to facilitate an understanding of our results of operations for the periods presented. The fund returns information reflected in this discussion and analysis is not indicative of the financial performance of Blackstone and is also not necessarily indicative of the future performance of any particular fund. An investment in Blackstone is not an investment in any of our funds. There can be no assurance that any of our funds or our other existing and future funds will achieve similar returns.
 
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The following table presents the internal rates of return, except where noted, of our significant real estate funds:
                                                                                                 
 
Three Months Ended
   
Six Months Ended
   
June 30, 2019
 
 
June 30,
   
June 30,
   
Inception to Date
 
 
2019
   
2018
   
2019
   
2018
   
Realized
   
Total
 
Fund / Composite (a)
 
Gross
   
Net
   
Gross
   
Net
   
Gross
   
Net
   
Gross
   
Net
   
Gross
   
Net
   
Gross
   
Net
 
BREP IV
   
49%
     
  30%
     
7%
     
  5%
     
40%
     
  27%
     
8%
     
6%
     
48%
     
  28%
     
22%
     
  12%
 
BREP V
   
9%
     
8%
     
5%
     
5%
     
16%
     
13%
     
6%
     
5%
     
15%
     
12%
     
14%
     
11%
 
BREP VI
   
14%
     
13%
     
2%
     
1%
     
15%
     
13%
     
1%
     
1%
     
18%
     
13%
     
17%
     
13%
 
BREP VII
   
4%
     
3%
     
1%
     
1%
     
10%
     
8%
     
5%
     
4%
     
33%
     
24%
     
23%
     
17%
 
BREP VIII
   
4%
     
3%
     
4%
     
3%
     
7%
     
5%
     
9%
     
6%
     
37%
     
27%
     
23%
     
15%
 
BREP International II (b)(c)(i)
   
8%
     
-6%
     
9%
     
8%
     
140%
     
66%
     
14%
     
  12%
     
9%
     
8%
     
10%
     
8%
 
BREP Europe III (b)
   
1%
     
1%
     
-1%
     
-1%
     
1%
     
-
     
1%
     
-
     
30%
     
21%
     
23%
     
15%
 
BREP Europe IV (b)
   
-
     
-
     
6%
     
5%
     
5%
     
4%
     
11%
     
9%
     
33%
     
24%
     
23%
     
17%
 
BREP Europe V (b)
   
5%
     
3%
     
6%
     
4%
     
10%
     
7%
     
12%
     
8%
     
91%
     
64%
     
26%
     
17%
 
BREP Asia I
   
5%
     
4%
     
1%
     
-
     
10%
     
8%
     
4%
     
3%
     
29%
     
21%
     
22%
     
15%
 
BREP Asia II
   
7%
     
5%
     
N/M
     
N/M
     
14%
     
8%
     
N/M
     
N/M
     
N/M
     
N/M
     
23%
     
4%
 
BREP
Co-Investment
(d)
   
9%
     
9%
     
4%
     
3%
     
25%
     
23%
     
3%
     
2%
     
18%
     
16%
     
18%
     
16%
 
BPP (e)
   
1%
     
1%
     
2%
     
2%
     
4%
     
3%
     
6%
     
5%
     
N/M
     
N/M
     
12%
     
10%
 
BREDS High-Yield (f)
   
3%
     
3%
     
1%
     
-
     
8%
     
6%
     
5%
     
4%
     
15%
     
11%
     
15%
     
11%
 
BREDS High-Grade (f)
   
2%
     
2%
     
N/M
     
N/M
     
4%
     
3%
     
N/M
     
N/M
     
9%
     
8%
     
9%
     
6%
 
BREDS Liquid (g)
   
2%
     
2%
     
3%
     
2%
     
8%
     
7%
     
5%
     
4%
     
N/A
     
N/A
     
11%
     
8%
 
BXMT (h)
   
N/A
     
5%
     
N/A
     
2%
     
N/A
     
16%
     
N/A
     
2%
     
N/A
     
N/A
     
N/A
     
14%
 
BREIT (h)
   
N/A
     
3%
     
N/A
     
2%
     
N/A
     
5%
     
N/A
     
4%
     
N/A
     
N/A
     
N/A
     
9%
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
The returns presented herein represent those of the applicable Blackstone Funds and not those of Blackstone.
 
N/M Not meaningful generally due to the limited time since initial investment.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
N/A Not applicable.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(a) Net returns are based on the change in carrying value (realized and unrealized) after management fees, expenses and Performance Revenues.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(b) Euro-based internal rates of return.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(c) The 8% Realized Net IRR and 8% Total Net IRR exclude investors that opted out of the Hilton investment opportunity. Overall BREP International II Performance reflects a 7% Realized Net IRR and a 7% Total Net IRR.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(d) Excludes fully realized
co-investments
prior to Blackstone’s IPO.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(e) BPP represents the core+ real estate funds which invest with a more modest risk profile and lower leverage. Excludes BREIT.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(f) Effective March 31, 2019, the former BREDS Drawdown composite is being presented by its components, BREDS High-Yield and BREDS High-Grade. BREDS High-Yield represents the flagship real estate debt drawdown funds and excludes the BREDS High-Grade drawdown fund, which has a different risk-return profile. Inception to date returns are from July 1, 2009 and July 1, 2017 for BREDS High-Yield and BREDS High-Grade, respectively. Prior periods have been updated to reflect this presentation.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(g) BREDS Liquid represents BREDS funds that invest in liquid real estate debt securities, except funds in liquidation and insurance mandates with specific investment objectives. Effective June 30, 2018, the returns presented represent summarized asset-weighted gross and net rates of return. Inception to Date returns are presented on an annualized basis. Prior periods have been updated to reflect such rates of return.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(h) Reflects annualized return of a shareholder invested in the REIT as of the beginning of each period presented, assuming reinvestment of all dividends received during the period, and no upfront selling commission for BREIT, net of all fees and expenses incurred by the REIT. For BXMT, return incorporates
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

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  the closing NYSE stock price as of each period end, and for BREIT, return incorporates the final Class S NAV/share as of each period end. Inception to date returns are from May 22, 2013 and January 1, 2017 for BXMT and BREIT, respectively.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(i) For the three and six months ended June 30, 2019, the appreciation of our remaining assets has resulted in the fund exceeding the preferred return.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
As of June 30, 2019, the investment period for BREP International II had expired and the fund was not above its carried interest threshold. BREP International II Investors that opted out of the Hilton investment opportunity are not expected to exceed the carried interest threshold in future periods. However, since gains are not earned
pro-rata,
certain BREP International II investors who participated in the Hilton investment opportunity have exceeded the carried interest threshold this quarter.
As of June 30, 2019, BREP Asia II was not above its carried interest threshold at the fund level. However, certain BREP Asia II investors have a reduced base management fee due to a larger capital commitment amount, thereby resulting in higher net gains and have exceeded the carried interest threshold this quarter.
The Real Estate segment has two funds in their investment period, which were above their respective carried interest thresholds as of June 30, 2019: BREP Europe V and BREDS III.
Private Equity
The following table presents the results of operations for our Private Equity segment:
                                                                 
 
Three Months Ended
 
 
 
Six Months Ended
 
 
 
 
June 30,
 
2019 vs. 2018
 
June 30,
 
2019 vs. 2018
 
2019
 
2018
 
$
 
%
 
2019
 
2018
 
$
 
%
 
 
(Dollars in Thousands)
Management and Advisory Fees, Net
   
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
 
Base Management Fees
  $
265,139
    $
195,521
    $
69,618
     
36
%   $
484,556
    $
378,482
    $
106,074
     
28
%
Transaction, Advisory and Other Fees, Net
   
31,526
     
12,780
     
18,746
     
147
%    
68,817
     
23,874
     
44,943
     
188
%
Management Fee Offsets
   
(17,689
)    
(4,351
)    
(13,338
)    
307
%    
(22,674
)    
(7,544
)    
(15,130
)    
201
%
                                                                 
Total Management and Advisory Fees, Net
   
278,976
     
203,950
     
75,026
     
37
%    
530,699
     
394,812
     
135,887
     
34
%
Fee Related Compensation
   
(105,107
)    
(94,170
)    
(10,937
)    
12
%    
(212,694
)    
(183,736
)    
(28,958
)    
16
%
Other Operating Expenses
   
(40,429
)    
(36,047
)    
(4,382
)    
12
%    
(74,630
)    
(67,198
)    
(7,432
)    
11
%
                                                                 
Fee Related Earnings
   
133,440
     
73,733
     
59,707
     
81
%    
243,375
     
143,878
     
99,497
     
69
%
                                                                 
Realized Performance Revenues
   
122,907
     
138,171
     
(15,264
)    
-11
%    
279,506
     
215,294
     
64,212
     
30
%
Realized Performance Compensation
   
(52,081
)    
(68,513
)    
16,432
     
-24
%    
(102,637
)    
(101,558
)    
(1,079
)    
1
%
Realized Principal Investment Income
   
42,906
     
32,600
     
10,306
     
32
%    
68,045
     
38,938
     
29,107
     
75
%
                                                                 
Net Realizations
   
113,732
     
102,258
     
11,474
     
11
%    
244,914
     
152,674
     
92,240
     
60
%
                                                                 
Segment Distributable Earnings
  $
         247,172
    $
         175,991
    $
         71,181
     
    40
%   $
         488,289
    $
         296,552
    $
         191,737
     
    65
%
                                                                 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
N/M Not meaningful.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Three Months Ended June 30, 2019 Compared to Three Months Ended June 30, 2018
Segment Distributable Earnings were $247.2 million for the three months ended June 30, 2019, an increase of $71.2 million, or 40%, compared to $176.0 million for the three months ended June 30, 2018. The increase in Segment Distributable Earnings was primarily attributable to increases of $59.7 million in Fee Related Earnings and $11.5 million in Net Realizations.
 
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Segment Distributable Earnings in our Private Equity segment in the second quarter of 2019 were higher compared to the second quarter of 2018, primarily driven by an increase in
Fee-Earning
Assets Under Management, particularly in Strategic Partners and BIP. Positive underlying performance in the corporate private equity portfolio, which appreciated 0.7% in the second quarter, was partially offset by declines in certain upstream energy positions and one large public holding. The persistence of weakened market fundamentals in certain energy subsectors, particularly upstream, would negatively impact the performance of certain investments in our energy and corporate private equity funds. Despite increased optimism in the first and second quarters of 2019, the market environment has been characterized by volatility and macroeconomic and geopolitical concerns, such as concerns regarding trade conflict with China and the rate of global growth. Such conditions (which may be across industries, sectors or geographies) may contribute to adverse operating performance at our portfolio companies and limit attractive realization opportunities for our Private Equity segment, which had $4.7 billion of realizations in the second quarter of 2019. Factors such as increasing wages, a tight labor market, the imposition of tariffs and overall uncertainty regarding trade policy, create challenges to increasing or maintaining profit margins for U.S. companies, particularly in industrials and retail. In that connection, adverse wage and trade developments put pressure on our ability to increase profit margins at our U.S. portfolio companies through operational initiatives. The market environment continues to be generally characterized by high prices, and this can make deployment of capital more difficult. Nonetheless, we deployed or committed an aggregate of $10.2 billion of capital across the segment in the second quarter of 2019. Although interest rates are expected to decrease in the near term, should the Federal Reserve choose to increase interest rates against a backdrop of slowing economic growth, it should have an adverse effect on markets overall and potentially on Segment Distributable Earnings in our Private Equity segment. See “Part I. Item 1A. Risk Factors — Risks Related to Our Business — Difficult market conditions can adversely affect our business in many ways, including by reducing the value or performance of the investments made by our investment funds, making it more difficult to find opportunities for our funds to exit and realize value from existing investments and reducing the ability of our investment funds to raise or deploy capital, each of which could materially reduce our revenue, earnings and cash flow and adversely affect our financial prospects and condition.” in our Annual Report on Form
 10-K
for the year ended December 31, 2018.
Fee Related Earnings
Fee Related Earnings were $133.4 million for the three months ended June 30, 2019, an increase of $59.7 million, or 81%, compared to $73.7 million for the three months ended June 30, 2018. The increase in Fee Related Earnings was primarily attributable to an increase of $75.0 million in Management and Advisory Fees, Net, partially offset by an increase of $10.9 million in Fee Related Compensation.
Management and Advisory Fees, Net were $279.0 million for the three months ended June 30, 2019, an increase of $75.0 million, compared to $204.0 million for the three months ended June 30, 2018, primarily driven by an increase in Base Management Fees. Base Management Fees were $265.1 million for the three months ended June 30, 2019, an increase of $69.6 million, compared to $195.5 million for the three months ended June 30, 2018, primarily due to increases in
Fee-Earning
Assets Under Management in BIP and Strategic Partners.
Fee Related Compensation was $105.1 million for the three months ended June 30, 2019, an increase of $10.9 million, compared to $94.2 million for the three months ended June 30, 2018. The increase was primarily due to the increase in Management and Advisory Fees, Net, on which a portion of Fee Related Compensation is based.
Net Realizations
Net Realizations were $113.7 million for the three months ended June 30, 2019, an increase of $11.5 million, or 11%, compared to $102.3 million for the three months ended June 30, 2018. The increase in Net Realizations was primarily attributable to an increase of $10.3 million in Realized Principal Investment Income and a decrease of $16.4 million in Realized Performance Compensation, partially offset by a decrease of $15.3 million in Realized Performance Revenues.
 
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Realized Principal Investment Income was $42.9 million for the three months ended June 30, 2019, an increase of $10.3 million, compared to $32.6 million for the three months ended June 30, 2018. The increase was primarily due to realizations on Blackstone’s balance sheet investments.
Realized Performance Compensation was $52.1 million for the three months ended June 30, 2019, a decrease of $16.4 million, compared to $68.5 million for the three months ended June 30, 2018. The decrease was due to the decrease in Realized Performance Revenues.
Realized Performance Revenues were $122.9 million for the three months ended June 30, 2019, a decrease of $15.3 million, compared to $138.2 million for the three months ended June 30, 2018. The decrease was primarily due to lower Realized Performance Revenues in Strategic Partners and corporate private equity.
Six Months Ended June 30, 2019 Compared to Six Months Ended June 30, 2018
Segment Distributable Earnings were $488.3 million for the six months ended June 30, 2019, an increase of $191.7 million, or 65%, compared to $296.6 million for the six months ended June 30, 2018. The increase in Segment Distributable Earnings was primarily attributable to increases of $99.5 million in Fee Related Earnings and $92.2 million in Net Realizations.
Fee Related Earnings
Fee Related Earnings were $243.4 million for the six months ended June 30, 2019, an increase of $99.5 million, or 69%, compared to $143.9 million for the six months ended June 30, 2018. The increase in Fee Related Earnings was primarily attributable to an increase of $135.9 million in Management and Advisory Fees, Net, partially offset by an increase of $29.0 million in Fee Related Compensation.
Management and Advisory Fees, Net were $530.7 million for the six months ended June 30, 2019, an increase of $135.9 million, compared to $394.8 million for the six months ended June 30, 2018, primarily driven by an increase in Base Management Fees. Base Management Fees were $484.6 million for the six months ended June 30, 2019, an increase of $106.1 million, compared to $378.5 million for the six months ended June 30, 2018, primarily due to increases in
Fee-Earning
Assets Under Management in BIP, Tactical Opportunities and Strategic Partners.
The Annualized Base Management Fee Rate increased from 1.00% at June 30, 2018 to 1.10% at June 30, 2019. The increase was principally due to the acquisition of Clarus in the fourth quarter of 2018 and the launch of Strategic Partners VIII in 2019.
Fee Related Compensation was $212.7 million for the six months ended June 30, 2019, an increase of $29.0 million, compared to $183.7 million for the six months ended June 30, 2018. The increase was primarily due to the increase in Management and Advisory Fees, Net, on which a portion of Fee Related Compensation is based.
Net Realizations
Net Realizations were $244.9 million for the six months ended June 30, 2019, an increase of $92.2 million, or 60%, compared to $152.7 million for the six months ended June 30, 2018. The increase in Net Realizations was primarily attributable to increases of $64.2 million in Realized Performance Revenues and $29.1 million in Realized Principal Investment Income.
Realized Performance Revenues were $279.5 million for the six months ended June 30, 2019, an increase of $64.2 million, compared to $215.3 million for the six months ended June 30, 2018. The increase was primarily due to higher Realized Performance Revenues in corporate private equity and Tactical Opportunities.
Realized Principal Investment Income was $68.0 million for the six months ended June 30, 2019, an increase of $29.1 million, compared to $38.9 million for the six months ended June 30, 2018. The increase was primarily due to realizations on Blackstone’s balance sheet investments.
 
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Fund Returns
Fund returns information for our significant funds is included throughout this discussion and analysis to facilitate an understanding of our results of operations for the periods presented. The fund returns information reflected in this discussion and analysis is not indicative of the financial performance of Blackstone and is also not necessarily indicative of the future performance of any particular fund. An investment in Blackstone is not an investment in any of our funds. There can be no assurance that any of our funds or our other existing and future funds will achieve similar returns.
The following table presents the internal rates of return of our significant private equity funds:
                                                                                                 
 
Three Months Ended
   
Six Months Ended
   
June 30, 2019
 
 
June 30,
   
June 30,
   
Inception to Date
 
 
2019
   
2018
   
2019
   
2018
   
Realized
   
Total
 
Fund (a)
 
Gross
   
Net
   
Gross
   
Net
   
Gross
   
Net
   
Gross
   
Net
   
Gross
   
Net
   
Gross
   
Net
 
BCP IV
   
-3%
     
-2%
     
24%
     
21%
     
41%
     
33%
     
16%
     
14%
     
50%
     
36%
     
50%
     
36%
 
BCP V
   
-6%
     
-3%
     
14%
     
11%
     
-4%
     
-1%
     
12%
     
9%
     
11%
     
9%
     
10%
     
8%
 
BCP VI
   
-2%
     
-2%
     
8%
     
7%
     
4%
     
3%
     
16%
     
13%
     
25%
     
19%
     
18%
     
13%
 
BCP VII
   
6%
     
4%
     
8%
     
5%
     
10%
     
7%
     
20%
     
12%
     
62%
     
42%
     
32%
     
19%
 
BEP I
   
1%
     
1%
     
19%
     
16%
     
12%
     
11%
     
19%
     
16%
     
22%
     
16%
     
18%
     
14%
 
BEP II
   
-2%
     
-2%
     
8%
     
5%
     
-2%
     
-3%
     
18%
     
11%
     
57%
     
24%
     
19%
     
9%
 
BCOM
   
-12%
     
-12%
     
-2%
     
-2%
     
-20%
     
-20%
     
2%
     
1%
     
13%
     
6%
     
13%
     
6%
 
Tactical Opportunities
   
1%
     
-
     
2%
     
2%
     
5%
     
3%
     
8%
     
6%
     
25%
     
21%
     
14%
     
10%
 
Tactical Opportunities
Co-Investment
and Other
   
1%
     
-
     
8%
     
5%
     
4%
     
1%
     
12%
     
10%
     
26%
     
24%
     
16%
     
12%
 
Strategic Partners
I-V
(b)
   
-7%
     
-7%
     
2%
     
1%
     
-6%
     
-6%
     
4%
     
3%
     
N/A
     
N/A
     
16%
     
13%
 
Strategic Partners VI (b)
   
-6%
     
-6%
     
8%
     
7%
     
-4%
     
-4%
     
14%
     
12%
     
N/A
     
N/A
     
22%
     
17%
 
Strategic Partners VII (b)
   
-4%
     
-4%
     
8%
     
7%
     
2%
     
2%
     
20%
     
17%
     
N/A
     
N/A
     
33%
     
25%
 
Strategic Partners RA II (b)
   
6%
     
4%
     
10%
     
5%
     
11%
     
8%
     
26%
     
19%
     
N/A
     
N/A
     
25%
     
17%
 
Strategic Partners RE, SMA and Other (b)
   
3%
     
3%
     
5%
     
5%
     
6%
     
6%
     
11%
     
11%
     
N/A
     
N/A
     
21%
     
17%
 
The returns presented herein represent those of the applicable Blackstone Funds and not those of Blackstone.
 
N/M Not meaningful generally due to the limited time since initial investment.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
N/A Not applicable.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(a) Net returns are based on the change in carrying value (realized and unrealized) after management fees, expenses and Performance Revenues.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(b) Realizations are treated as return of capital until fully recovered and therefore inception to date realized returns are not applicable. Returns are calculated from results that are reported on a three month lag.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
The corporate private equity funds within the Private Equity segment have five funds with closed investment periods: BCP IV, BCP V, BCP VI, BCOM and BEP I. As of June 30, 2019, BCP IV was above its carried interest threshold (i.e., the preferred return payable to its limited partners before the general partner is eligible to receive carried interest) and would still be above its carried interest threshold even if all remaining investments were valued at zero. BCP V is comprised of two fund classes based on the timings of fund closings, the BCP V “main fund” and BCP
 V-AC
fund. Within these fund classes, the general partner is subject to equalization such that (a) the general partner accrues carried interest when the respective carried interest for either fund class is positive and (b) the general partner realizes carried interest so long as clawback obligations, if any, for either of the respective fund classes are fully satisfied. During the quarter, BCP V is currently below its carried interest threshold, while BCP
V-AC
is above its carried interest threshold. BCP VI is currently above its carried interest threshold. BCOM is
 
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currently above its carried interest threshold. We are entitled to retain previously realized carried interest up to 20% of BCOM’s net gains. As a result, Performance Revenues are recognized from BCOM on current period gains and losses. BEP I is currently above its carried interest threshold.
Hedge Fund Solutions
The following table presents the results of operations for our Hedge Fund Solutions segment:
                                                                 
 
Three Months Ended
 
 
 
Six Months Ended
 
 
 
 
June 30,
 
2019 vs. 2018
 
June 30,
 
2019 vs. 2018
 
        2019        
 
        2018        
 
$
 
%
 
        2019        
 
        2018        
 
          $          
 
%
 
 
(Dollars in Thousands)
Management Fees, Net
   
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
 
Base Management Fees
  $
136,990
    $
129,553
    $
7,437
     
6%
    $
274,318
    $
258,781
    $
15,537
     
6%
 
Transaction and Other Fees, Net
   
723
     
812
     
(89
)    
-11%
     
1,041
     
1,157
     
(116
)    
-10%
 
                                                                 
Total Management Fees, Net
   
137,713
     
130,365
     
7,348
     
6%
     
275,359
     
259,938
     
15,421
     
6%
 
Fee Related Compensation
   
(36,622
)    
(40,533
)    
3,911
     
-10%
     
(79,576
)    
(80,172
)    
596
     
-1%
 
Other Operating Expenses
   
(21,112
)    
(18,494
)    
(2,618
)    
14%
     
(38,997
)    
(37,279
)    
(1,718
)    
5%
 
                                                                 
Fee Related Earnings
   
79,979
     
71,338
     
8,641
     
12%
     
156,786
     
142,487
     
14,299
     
10%
 
                                                                 
Realized Performance Revenues
   
11,960
     
7,270
     
4,690
     
65%
     
16,051
     
17,447
     
(1,396
)    
-8%
 
Realized Performance Compensation
   
(2,175
)    
(2,546
)    
371
     
-15%
     
(3,588
)    
(5,469
)    
1,881
     
-34%
 
Realized Principal Investment Income
   
12,306
     
7,766
     
4,540
     
58%
     
12,023
     
8,406
     
3,617
     
43%
 
                                                                 
Net Realizations
   
22,091
     
12,490
     
9,601
     
77%
     
24,486
     
20,384
     
4,102
     
20%
 
                                                                 
Segment Distributable Earnings
  $
     102,070
    $
     83,828
    $
         18,242
     
22%
    $
       181,272
    $
       162,871
    $
       18,401
     
11%
 
                                                                 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
N/M Not meaningful.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Three Months Ended June 30, 2019 Compared to Three Months Ended June 30, 2018
Segment Distributable Earnings were $102.1 million for the three months ended June 30, 2019, an increase of $18.2 million, or 22%, compared to $83.8 million for the three months ended June 30, 2018. The increase in Segment Distributable Earnings was primarily attributable to increases of $8.6 million in Fee Related Earnings and $9.6 million in Net Realizations.
Segment Distributable Earnings in our Hedge Fund Solutions segment in the second quarter of 2019 were higher compared to the second quarter of 2018. This increase was primarily driven by an increase in Fee Related Earnings as a result of growth in
Fee-Earning
Assets Under Management in individual investor and specialized solutions and performance across a number of strategies compared to the second quarter of 2018. Segment Distributable Earnings in the Hedge Fund Solutions segment would likely be negatively impacted in the event of a significant or sustained decline in global, regional or sector asset prices, deterioration of global market conditions, or withdrawal of assets by investors as a result of liquidity needs, performance or other reasons. In addition, Segment Distributable Earnings in our Hedge Fund Solutions segment may be negatively impacted by a prolonged weak equity market environment, which may be caused by concerns over macroeconomic and geopolitical factors such as trade conflict with China and the rate of global growth. See “Part I. Item 1A. Risk Factors — Risks Related to Our Business — Difficult market conditions can adversely affect our business in many ways, including by reducing the value or performance of the investments made by our investment funds, making it more difficult to find opportunities for our funds to exit and realize value from existing investments and reducing the ability of our investment funds to raise or deploy capital, each of which could materially reduce our revenue, earnings and cash flow and adversely affect our financial prospects and condition” and “— Hedge fund investments are subject to numerous additional risks.” in our Annual Report on Form
 10-K
for the year ended December 31, 2018. The segment operates multiple business lines, manages strategies that are both long and short asset classes and generates a majority of its revenue through management fees, which we believe may provide a level of downside
 
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protection to Hedge Fund Solutions Segment Distributable Earnings. Over time we anticipate an increasing change in the mix of our product offerings to products whose performance based fees represent a more significant proportion of the fees than has historically been the case for such products.
Fee Related Earnings
Fee Related Earnings were $80.0 million for the three months ended June 30, 2019, an increase of $8.6 million, or 12%, compared to $71.3 million for the three months ended June 30, 2018. The increase in Fee Related Earnings was primarily attributable to an increase of $7.3 million in Management Fees, Net and a decrease of $3.9 million in Fee Related Compensation.
Management Fees, Net were $137.7 million for the three months ended June 30, 2019, an increase of $7.3 million, compared to $130.4 million for the three months ended June 30, 2018, primarily driven by an increase in Base Management Fees. Base Management Fees were $137.0 million for the three months ended June 30, 2019, an increase of $7.4 million, compared to $129.6 million for the three months ended June 30, 2018, primarily due to
Fee-Earning
Asset Under Management growth in our individual investor and specialized solutions.
Fee Related Compensation was $36.6 million for the three months ended June 30, 2019, a decrease of $3.9 million, compared to $40.5 million for the three months ended June 30, 2018. The decrease was primarily due to changes in compensation accruals.
Net Realizations
Net Realizations were $22.1 million for the three months ended June 30, 2019, an increase of $9.6 million, or 77%, compared to $12.5 million for the three months ended June 30, 2018. The increase in Net Realizations was primarily attributable to increases of $4.7 million in Realized Performance Revenues and $4.5 million in Realized Principal Investment Income.
Realized Performance Revenues were $12.0 million for the three months ended June 30, 2019, an increase of $4.7 million, compared to $7.3 million for the three months ended June 30, 2018. The increase was primarily driven by higher returns across a number of strategies, including customized solutions, commingled products and individual investor and specialized solutions, compared to the three months ended June 30, 2018.
Realized Principal Investment Income was $12.3 million for the three months ended June 30, 2019, an increase of $4.5 million, compared to $7.8 million for the three months ended June 30, 2018. The increase was primarily driven by realized gains on our Corporate Treasury Investments.
Six Months Ended June 30, 2019 Compared to Six Months Ended June 30, 2018
Segment Distributable Earnings were $181.3 million for the six months ended June 30, 2019, an increase of $18.4 million, or 11%, compared to $162.9 million for the six months ended June 30, 2018. The increase in Segment Distributable Earnings was primarily attributable to increases of $14.3 million in Fee Related Earnings and $4.1 million in Net Realizations.
Fee Related Earnings
Fee Related Earnings were $156.8 million for the six months ended June 30, 2019, an increase of $14.3 million, or 10%, compared to $142.5 million for the six months ended June 30, 2018. The increase in Fee Related Earnings was primarily attributable to an increase of $15.4 million in Management Fees, Net.
Management Fees, Net were $275.4 million for the six months ended June 30, 2019, an increase of $15.4 million, compared to $259.9 million for the six months ended June 30, 2018, primarily driven by an increase in Base Management Fees. Base Management Fees were $274.3 million for the six months ended June 30, 2019, an increase of $15.5 million, compared to $258.8 million for the six months ended June 30, 2018, primarily due to
Fee-Earning
Asset Under Management growth in our individual investor and specialized solutions and a reduction in placement fees, which offset Base Management Fees.
 
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Net Realizations
Net Realizations were $24.5 million for the six months ended June 30, 2019, an increase of $4.1 million, or 20%, compared to $20.4 million for the six months ended June 30, 2018. The increase in Net Realizations was primarily attributable to an increase of $3.6 million in Realized Principal Investment Income and a decrease of $1.9 million in Realized Performance Compensation, partially offset by a decrease of $1.4 million in Realized Performance Revenues.
Realized Principal Investment Income was $12.0 million for the six months ended June 30, 2019, an increase of $3.6 million, compared to $8.4 million for the six months ended June 30, 2018. The increase was driven by realized gains on our Corporate Treasury Investments.
Realized Performance Compensation was $3.6 million for the six months ended June 30, 2019, a decrease of $1.9 million, compared to $5.5 million for the six months ended June 30, 2018. The decrease was due to the decrease in Realized Performance Revenues.
Realized Performance Revenues were $16.1 million for the six months ended June 30, 2019, a decrease of $1.4 million, compared to $17.4 million for the six months ended June 30, 2018. The decrease was primarily driven by funds entering 2019 with loss carryforward balances.
Operating Metrics
The following table presents information regarding our Invested Performance Revenue Eligible Assets Under Management:
                                 
 
 
Invested Performance
 
Estimated % Above
 
 
Revenue Eligible Assets
 
High Water Mark /
 
 
Under Management
 
Benchmark (a)
 
 
As of June 30,
 
As of June 30,
 
 
2019
 
2018
 
2019
 
2018
 
 
 
(Dollars in Thousands)
 
 
 
 
 
Hedge Fund Solutions Managed Funds (b)
   
$      44,988,825
     
$      42,720,613
     
87%
     
87%
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(a) Estimated % Above High Water Mark/Benchmark represents the percentage of Invested Performance Revenue Eligible Assets Under Management that as of the dates presented would earn performance fees when the applicable Hedge Fund Solutions managed fund has positive investment performance relative to a benchmark, where applicable. Incremental positive performance in the applicable Blackstone Funds may cause additional assets to reach their respective High Water Mark or clear a benchmark return, thereby resulting in an increase in Estimated % Above High Water Mark/Benchmark.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(b) For the Hedge Fund Solutions managed funds, at June 30, 2019, the incremental appreciation needed for the 13% of Invested Performance Revenue Eligible Assets Under Management below their respective High Water Marks/Benchmarks to reach their respective High Water Marks/Benchmarks was $410.0 million, an increase of $16.9 million, compared to $393.1 million at June 30, 2018. Of the Invested Performance Revenue Eligible Assets Under Management below their respective High Water Marks/ Benchmarks as of June 30, 2019, 71% were within 5% of reaching their respective High Water Mark.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Composite Returns
Composite returns information is included throughout this discussion and analysis to facilitate an understanding of our results of operations for the periods presented. The composite returns information reflected in this discussion and analysis is not indicative of the financial performance of Blackstone and is also not necessarily indicative of the future results of any particular fund. An investment in Blackstone is not an investment in any of our funds or composites. There can be no assurance that any of our funds or composites or our other existing and future funds or composites will achieve similar returns.
 
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  The following table presents the return information of the BAAM Principal Solutions Composite:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
                                                                                                                                 
 
Three
   
Six
   
Average Annual Returns (a)
 
 
Months Ended
   
Months Ended
   
Periods Ended
 
 
June 30,
   
June 30,
   
June 30, 2019
 
 
2019
   
2018
   
2019
   
2018
   
One Year
   
Three Year
   
Five Year
   
Historical
 
Composite
 
Gross
   
Net
   
Gross
   
Net
   
Gross
   
Net
   
Gross
   
Net
   
Gross
   
Net
   
Gross
   
Net
   
Gross
   
Net
   
Gross
   
Net
 
BAAM Principal Solutions Composite (b)
   
2%
     
2%
     
1%
     
1%
     
5%
     
5%
     
3%
     
2%
     
5%
     
4%
     
7%
     
6%
     
5%
     
4%
     
7%
     
6%
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
The returns presented herein represent those of the applicable Blackstone Funds and not those of Blackstone.
 
(a) Composite returns present a summarized asset-weighted return measure to evaluate the overall performance of the applicable class of Blackstone Funds.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(b) BAAM’s Principal Solutions (“BPS”) Composite covers the period from January 2000 to present, although BAAM’s inception date is September 1990. The BPS Composite includes only BAAM-managed commingled and customized multi-manager funds and accounts. None of the other platforms/strategies managed through the Blackstone Hedge Fund Solutions Group are included in the composite (except for investments by BPS funds/accounts directly into those platforms/strategies). BAAM-managed funds in liquidation and
non-fee-paying
assets (in the case of net returns) are excluded from the composite. The historical return is from January 1, 2000.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Credit
The following table presents the results of operations for our Credit segment:
                                                                 
 
Three Months Ended
 
 
 
Six Months Ended
 
 
 
 
June 30,
 
2019 vs. 2018
 
June 30,
 
2019 vs. 2018
 
2019
 
2018
 
$
 
%
 
2019
 
2018
 
$
 
%
 
 
(Dollars in Thousands)
Management Fees, Net
   
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
 
Base Management Fees
  $
147,550
    $
118,161
    $
29,389
     
25%
    $
288,078
    $
286,602
    $
1,476
     
1%
 
Transaction and Other Fees, Net
   
5,256
     
3,461
     
1,795
     
52%
     
8,886
     
6,000
     
2,886
     
48%
 
Management Fee Offsets
   
(3,279
)    
(2,697
)    
(582
)    
22%
     
(6,620
)    
(6,014
)    
(606
)    
10%
 
                                                                 
Total Management Fees, Net
   
149,527
     
118,925
     
30,602
     
26%
     
290,344
     
286,588
     
3,756
     
1%
 
Fee Related Performance Revenues
   
2,552
     
     
2,552
     
N/M
     
3,655
     
(666
)    
4,321
     
N/M
 
Fee Related Compensation
   
(54,310
)    
(50,757
)    
(3,553
)    
7%
     
(112,984
)    
(117,016
)    
4,032
     
-3%
 
Other Operating Expenses
   
(40,466
)    
(31,899
)    
(8,567
)    
27%
     
(72,705
)    
(59,638
)    
(13,067
)    
22%
 
                                                                 
Fee Related Earnings
   
57,303
     
36,269
     
21,034
     
58%
     
108,310
     
109,268
     
(958
)    
-1%
 
                                                                 
Realized Performance Revenues
   
7,946
     
14,594
     
(6,648
)    
-46%
     
16,843
     
54,484
     
(37,641
)    
-69%
 
Realized Performance Compensation
   
(3,468
)    
(7,119
)    
3,651
     
-51%
     
(6,839
)    
(29,865
)    
23,026
     
-77%
 
Realized Principal Investment Income
   
20,925
     
4,082
     
16,843
     
413%
     
24,108
     
11,107
     
13,001
     
117%
 
                                                                 
Net Realizations
   
25,403
     
11,557
     
13,846
     
120%
     
34,112
     
35,726
     
(1,614
)    
-5%
 
                                                                 
Segment Distributable Earnings
  $
         82,706
    $
         47,826
    $
         34,880
     
73%
    $
         142,422
    $
         144,994
    $
         (2,572
)    
-2%
 
                                                                 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
N/M Not meaningful.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Three Months Ended June 30, 2019 Compared to Three Months Ended June 30, 2018
Segment Distributable Earnings were $82.7 million for the three months ended June 30, 2019, an increase of $34.9 million, or 73%, compared to $47.8 million for the three months ended June 30, 2018. The increase in
 
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Segment Distributable Earnings was primarily attributable to increases of $21.0 million in Fee Related Earnings and $13.8 million in Net Realizations.
Segment Distributable Earnings in our Credit segment in the second quarter of 2019 were higher compared to the second quarter of 2018, driven in part by high Fee Related Earnings as a result of growth in BIS, our U.S. direct lending platform, and certain other GSO funds. Our performing credit strategies delivered a strong 3.7% gross return in the quarter, while our distressed strategies declined 2.1%, driven entirely by decreases in certain upstream energy positions. The persistence of weakened market fundamentals in certain energy subsectors, particularly upstream, would negatively impact the performance of certain Credit segment investments. Our Credit segment deployed or committed a record $4.1 billion of capital in the second quarter of 2019. Although interest rates are expected to decrease in the near term, should the Federal Reserve choose to increase interest rates against a backdrop of slowing economic growth, capital deployment in our Credit segment may be challenged and Segment Distributable Earnings in our Credit segment could be adversely affected, although we believe our current portfolio is somewhat insulated because much of our debt portfolio is floating rate, short duration and/or held to maturity. See “Part I. Item 1A. Risk Factors — Risks Related to Our Business — Difficult market conditions can adversely affect our business in many ways, including by reducing the value or performance of the investments made by our investment funds, making it more difficult to find opportunities for our funds to exit and realize value from existing investments and reducing the ability of our investment funds to raise or deploy capital, each of which could materially reduce our revenue, earnings and cash flow and adversely affect our financial prospects and condition.” in our Annual Report on Form
 10-K
for the year ended December 31, 2018.
Fee Related Earnings
Fee Related Earnings were $57.3 million for the three months ended June 30, 2019, an increase of $21.0 million, or 58%, compared to $36.3 million for the three months ended June 30, 2018. The increase in Fee Related Earnings was primarily attributable to increases of $30.6 million in Management Fees, Net and $2.6 million in Fee Related Performance Revenues, partially offset by increases of $8.6 million in Other Operating Expenses and $3.6 million in Fee Related Compensation.
Management Fees, Net were $149.5 million for the three months ended June 30, 2019, an increase of $30.6 million, compared to $118.9 million for the three months ended June 30, 2018, primarily driven by an increase in Base Management Fees. Base Management Fees were $147.6 million for the three months ended June 30, 2019, an increase of $29.4 million, compared to $118.2 million for the three months ended June 30, 2018, primarily due to growth in BIS and certain GSO funds.
Fee Related Performance Revenues were $2.6 million for the three months ended June 30, 2019, an increase of $2.6 million, compared to the three months ended June 30, 2018. The increase was due to the ramp up of the BDC within the new direct lending platform.
Other Operating Expenses were $40.5 million for the three months ended June 30, 2019, an increase of $8.6 million, compared to $31.9 million for the three months ended June 30, 2018. The increase was primarily due to the growth in our new business initiatives, including BIS and the direct lending platform.
Fee Related Compensation was $54.3 million for the three months ended June 30, 2019, an increase of $3.6 million, compared to $50.8 million for the three months ended June 30, 2018. The increase was primarily due to the increase in Management Fees, Net, on which a portion of Fee Related Compensation is based.
Net Realizations
Net Realizations were $25.4 million for the three months ended June 30, 2019, an increase of $13.8 million, or 120%, compared to $11.6 million for the three months ended June 30, 2018. The increase in Net Realizations was primarily attributable to an increase of $16.8 million in Realized Principal Investment Income and a decrease of $3.7 million in Realized Performance Compensation, partially offset by a decrease of $6.6 million in Realized Performance Revenues.
 
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Realized Principal Investment Income was $20.9 million for the three months ended June 30, 2019, an increase of $16.8 million, compared to $4.1 million for the three months ended June 30, 2018. The increase was driven by realized gains on our Corporate Treasury Investments.
Realized Performance Compensation was $3.5 million for the three months ended June 30, 2019, a decrease of $3.7 million, compared to $7.1 million for the three months ended June 30, 2018. The decrease was due to the decrease in Realized Performance Revenues.
Realized Performance Revenues were $7.9 million for the three months ended June 30, 2019, a decrease of $6.6 million, compared to $14.6 million for the three months ended June 30, 2018. The decrease was primarily attributable to a significant realization in our mezzanine fund during the three months ended June 30, 2018.
Six Months Ended June 30, 2019 Compared to Six Months Ended June 30, 2018
Segment Distributable Earnings were $142.4 million for the six months ended June 30, 2019, a decrease of $2.6 million, compared to $145.0 million for the six months ended June 30, 2018. The decrease in Segment Distributable Earnings was primarily attributable to decreases of $1.0 million in Fee Related Earnings and $1.6 million in Net Realizations.
Fee Related Earnings
Fee Related Earnings were $108.3 million for the six months ended June 30, 2019, a decrease of $1.0 million, compared to $109.3 million for the six months ended June 30, 2018. The decrease in Fee Related Earnings was primarily attributable to an increase of $13.1 million in Other Operating Expenses, partially offset by an increase of $4.3 million in Fee Related Performance Revenues, a decrease of $4.0 million in Fee Related Compensation and an increase of $3.8 million in Management Fees, Net.
Other Operating Expenses were $72.7 million for the six months ended June 30, 2019, an increase of $13.1 million, compared to $59.6 million for the six months ended June 30, 2018. The increase was primarily due to the growth in our new business initiatives, including our BIS and the direct lending platform.
Fee Related Performance Revenues were $3.7 million for the six months ended June 30, 2019, an increase of $4.3 million, compared to $0.7 million for the six months ended June 30, 2018. The increase was due to the ramp up of the BDC within the new direct lending platform.
Fee Related Compensation was $113.0 million for the six months ended June 30, 2019, a decrease of $4.0 million, compared to $117.0 million for the six months ended June 30, 2018. The decrease was primarily due to changes in compensation accruals.
Management Fees, Net were $290.3 million for the six months ended June 30, 2019, an increase of $3.8 million, compared to $286.6 million for the six months ended June 30, 2018. The increase was primarily due to growth in BIS and certain GSO funds, partially offset by the contractual agreement with FS Investments pursuant to which, in connection with the conclusion of our
sub-advisory
relationship with respect to the BDCs, we received a fixed payment in the first quarter of 2018.
Net Realizations
Net Realizations were $34.1 million for the six months ended June 30, 2019, a decrease of $1.6 million, compared to $35.7 million for the six months ended June 30, 2018. The decrease in Net Realizations was primarily attributable to a decrease of $37.6 million in Realized Performance Revenues, partially offset by a decrease of $23.0 million in Realized Performance Compensation and an increase of $13.0 million in Realized Principal Investment Income.
Realized Performance Revenues were $16.8 million for the six months ended June 30, 2019, a decrease of $37.6 million, compared to $54.5 million for the six months ended June 30, 2018. The decrease was primarily attributable to a mezzanine fund crossing its carry threshold during the fourth quarter of 2017, resulting in higher
 
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Realized Performance Revenues in the six months ended June 30, 2018 compared to the six months ended June 30, 2019.
Realized Performance Compensation was $6.8 million for the six months ended June 30, 2019, a decrease of $23.0 million, compared to $29.9 million for the six months ended June 30, 2018. The decrease was due to the decrease in Realized Performance Revenues.
Realized Principal Investment Income was $24.1 million for the six months ended June 30, 2019, an increase of $13.0 million, compared to $11.1 million for the six months ended June 30, 2018. The increase was driven by the realized gain on our Corporate Treasury Investments.
Fund Returns
Fund return information for our significant businesses is included throughout this discussion and analysis to facilitate an understanding of our results of operations for the periods presented. The fund returns information reflected in this discussion and analysis is not indicative of the financial performance of Blackstone and is also not necessarily indicative of the future results of any particular fund. An investment in Blackstone is not an investment in any of our funds. There can be no assurance that any of our funds or our other existing and future funds will achieve similar returns.
The following table presents combined internal rates of return of the segment’s performing credit and distressed strategies funds:
                                                                                 
 
Three Months Ended
   
Six Months Ended
   
   
 
 
June 30,
   
June 30,
   
June 30, 2019
 
 
2019
   
2018
   
2019
   
2018
   
Inception to Date
 
Composite (a)
 
Gross
   
Net
   
Gross
   
Net
   
Gross
   
Net
   
Gross
   
Net
   
Gross
   
Net
 
Performing Credit Strategies (b)
   
4%
     
3%
     
5%
     
4%
     
8%
     
6%
     
8%
     
6%
     
14%
     
9%
 
Distressed Strategies (c)
   
-2%
     
-2%
     
4%
     
3%
     
2%
     
1%
     
3%
     
2%
     
10%
     
6%
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
The returns presented herein represent those of the applicable Blackstone Funds and not those of Blackstone.
 
(a) Net returns are based on the change in carrying value (realized and unrealized) after management fees, expenses and Performance Allocations, net of tax advances.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(b) Performing Credit Strategies include mezzanine lending funds, BDCs and other performing credit strategy funds. Performing Credit Strategies’ returns represent the IRR of the combined cash flows of the
fee-earning
funds exceeding $100 million of fair value at each respective quarter end excluding the Blackstone Funds that were contributed to GSO as part of Blackstone’s acquisition of GSO in March 2008. The inception to date returns are from July 16, 2007.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(c) Distressed Strategies include stressed/distressed funds, credit alpha strategies and energy strategies. Distressed Strategies’ returns represent the IRR of the combined cash flows of the
fee-earning
funds exceeding $100 million of fair value at each respective quarter end. The inception to date returns are from August 1, 2005.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
As of June 30, 2019, there was $17.8 billion of Performance Revenue Eligible Assets Under Management invested in Credit strategies that were above the hurdle necessary to generate Incentive Fees or Performance Allocations. This represented 37% of the total Performance Revenue Eligible Assets Under Management across all Credit strategies.
Non-GAAP
Financial Measures
These
non-GAAP
financial measures are presented without the consolidation of any Blackstone Funds that are consolidated into the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements. Consequently, all
non-GAAP
financial measures exclude the assets, liabilities and operating results related to the Blackstone Funds. See “— Key Financial
 
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Measures and Indicators” for our definitions of Distributable Earnings, Segment Distributable Earnings, Fee Related Earnings and Adjusted EBITDA.
The following table is a reconciliation of Net Income Attributable to The Blackstone Group L.P. to Distributable Earnings, Total Segment Distributable Earnings, Fee Related Earnings and Adjusted EBITDA:
 
(a) This adjustment removes Transaction-Related Charges, which are excluded from Blackstone’s segment presentation. Transaction-Related Charges arise from corporate actions including acquisitions, divestitures, and Blackstone’s initial public offering. They consist primarily of equity-based compensation charges, gains and losses on contingent consideration arrangements, changes in the balance of the Tax Receivable Agreement resulting from a change in tax law or similar event, transaction costs and any gains or losses associated with these corporate actions.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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(b) This adjustment removes the amortization of transaction-related intangibles, which are excluded from Blackstone’s segment presentation. This amount includes amortization of intangibles associated with Blackstone’s investment in Pátria, which is accounted for under the equity method.
 
 
 
 
 
 
(c) This adjustment reverses the effect of consolidating Blackstone Funds, which are excluded from Blackstone’s segment presentation. This adjustment includes the elimination of Blackstone’s interest in these funds and the removal of amounts associated with the ownership of Blackstone consolidated operating partnerships held by
non-controlling
interests.
 
 
 
 
 
 
(d) This adjustment removes Unrealized Performance Revenues on a segment basis. The Segment Adjustment represents the add back of performance revenues earned from consolidated Blackstone Funds which have been eliminated in consolidation.
 
 
 
 
 
 
                                 
 
 
Three Months Ended
June 30,
 
Six Months Ended
June 30,
 
 
2019
 
2018
 
2019
 
2018
 
 
 
(Dollars in Thousands)
GAAP Unrealized Performance Allocations
  $
157,732
    $
440,351
    $
821,731
    $
1,068,440
 
Segment Adjustment
   
(334
)    
73
     
     
323
 
                                 
Unrealized Performance Revenues
  $
157,398
    $
440,424
    $
821,731
    $
1,068,763
 
                                 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(e) This adjustment removes Unrealized Performance Allocations Compensation.
 
 
 
 
 
 
(f) This adjustment removes Unrealized Principal Investment Income (Loss) on a segment basis. The Segment Adjustment represents (1) the add back of Principal Investment Income, including general partner income, earned from consolidated Blackstone Funds which have been eliminated in consolidation, and (2) the removal of amounts associated with the ownership of Blackstone consolidated operating partnerships held by
non-controlling
interests.
 
 
 
 
 
 
                                 
 
 
Three Months Ended
June 30,
 
Six Months Ended
June 30,
 
 
2019
 
2018
 
2019
 
2018
 
 
 
(Dollars in Thousands)
GAAP Unrealized Principal Investment Income (Loss)
  $
(37,345
)   $
103,468
    $
131,699
    $
215,242
 
Segment Adjustment
   
(19,008
)    
(51,342
)    
(48,127
)    
(149,138
)
                                 
Unrealized Principal Investment Income (Loss)
  $
(56,353
)   $
52,126
    $
83,572
    $
66,104
 
                                 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(g) This adjustment removes Other Revenues on a segment basis. The Segment Adjustment represents (1) the add back of Other Revenues earned from consolidated Blackstone Funds which have been eliminated in consolidation, and (2) the removal of certain Transaction-Related Charges. For the three and six months ended June 30, 2018, Transaction-Related Charges included $580.9 million of Other Revenues received upon the conclusion of Blackstone’s investment
sub-advisory
relationship with FS Investments’ funds.
 
 
 
 
 
 
                                 
 
 
Three Months Ended
June 30,
 
Six Months Ended
June 30,
 
 
2019
 
2018
 
2019
 
2018
 
 
 
(Dollars in Thousands)
GAAP Other Revenue
  $
(17,120
)   $
675,343
    $
(6,870
)   $
616,026
 
Segment Adjustment
   
(3,030
)    
(580,927
)    
(91
)    
(582,504
)
                                 
Other Revenues
  $
(20,150
)   $
94,416
    $
(6,961
)   $
33,522
 
                                 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(h) This adjustment removes Equity-Based Compensation on a segment basis.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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(i) Taxes represent the total GAAP tax provision adjusted to include only the current tax provision (benefit) calculated on Income (Loss) Before Provision for Taxes and adjusted to exclude the tax impact of any divestitures. Related Payables represent
tax-related
payables including the amount payable under the Tax Receivable Agreement.
 
 
 
 
 
 
                                 
 
 
Three Months Ended
June 30,
 
Six Months Ended
June 30,
 
 
2019
 
2018
 
2019
 
2018
 
 
 
(Dollars in Thousands)
Taxes
  $
34,209
    $
20,026
    $
49,553
    $
38,254
 
Related Payables
   
20,992
     
21,771
     
34,687
     
28,585
 
                                 
Taxes and Related Payables
  $
55,201
    $
41,797
    $
84,240
    $
66,839
 
                                 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(j) This adjustment removes Interest and Dividend Revenue less Interest Expense on a segment basis. The Segment Adjustment represents (1) the add back of Other Revenues earned from consolidated Blackstone Funds which have been eliminated in consolidation, and (2) the removal of interest expense associated with the Tax Receivable Agreement.
 
 
 
 
 
 
                                 
 
 
Three Months Ended
June 30,
 
Six Months Ended
June 30,
 
 
2019
 
2018
 
2019
 
2018
 
 
 
(Dollars in Thousands)
GAAP Interest and Dividend Revenue
  $
43,686
    $
40,073
    $
87,770
    $
75,458
 
Segment Adjustment
   
2,305
     
1,654
     
4,920
     
2,654
 
                                 
Interest and Dividend Revenue
   
45,991
     
41,727
     
92,690
     
78,112
 
                                 
GAAP Interest Expense
   
43,596
     
39,320
     
85,598
     
77,991
 
Segment Adjustment
   
(366
)    
(435
)    
(730
)    
(868
)
                                 
Interest Expense
   
43,230
     
38,885
     
84,868
     
77,123
 
                                 
Net Interest Income
  $
2,761
    $
2,842
    $
7,822
    $
989
 
                                 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(k) This adjustment removes the total segment amounts of Realized Performance Revenues.
 
 
 
 
 
 
(l) This adjustment removes the total segment amounts of Realized Performance Compensation.
 
 
 
 
 
 
(m) This adjustment removes the total segment amount of Realized Principal Investment Income.
 
 
 
 
 
 
(n) This adjustment adds back Interest Expense on a segment basis.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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The following tables are a reconciliation of Total GAAP Investments to Net Accrued Performance Revenues. Total GAAP Investments and Net Accrued Performance Revenues consist of the following:
                 
 
 
June 30,
 
 
2019
 
2018
 
Investments of Consolidated Blackstone Funds
   $
8,633,794
     $
8,608,565
 
Equity Method Investments
   
 
     
 
 
Partnership Investments
   
3,802,565
     
3,589,234
 
Accrued Performance Allocations
   
6,743,542
     
6,354,179
 
Corporate Treasury Investments
   
2,797,908
     
3,088,001
 
Other Investments
   
264,231
     
368,203
 
                 
Total GAAP Investments
   $
22,242,040
     $
22,008,182
 
                 
                 
Accrued Performance Allocations - GAAP
   $
6,743,542
     $
6,354,179
 
Impact of Consolidation (a)
   
607
     
534
 
Due From Affiliates - GAAP (b)
   
25,022
     
26,365
 
Less: Accrued Performance Compensation - GAAP (c)
   
(2,724,998
)    
(2,509,219
)
                 
Net Accrued Performance Revenues
   $
4,044,173
     $
3,871,859
 
                 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(a) This adjustment adds back investments in consolidated Blackstone Funds which have been eliminated in consolidation.
 
 
 
 
 
 
(b) Represents GAAP accrued performance revenue recorded within Due from Affiliates.
 
 
 
 
 
 
(c) Represents GAAP accrued performance compensation associated with Accrued Performance Allocations and is recorded within Accrued Compensation and Benefits and Due to Affiliates.
 
 
 
 
 
 
Liquidity and Capital Resources
General
Blackstone’s business model derives revenue primarily from third party assets under management. Blackstone is not a capital or balance sheet intensive business and targets operating expense levels such that total management and advisory fees exceed total operating expenses each period. As a result, we require limited capital resources to support the working capital or operating needs of our businesses. We draw primarily on the long-term committed capital of our limited partner investors to fund the investment requirements of the Blackstone Funds and use our own realizations and cash flows to invest in growth initiatives, make commitments to our own funds, where our minimum general partner commitments are generally less than 5% of the limited partner commitments of a fund, and pay dividends to shareholders.
Fluctuations in our statement of financial condition result primarily from activities of the Blackstone Funds which are consolidated as well as business transactions, such as the issuance of senior notes described below. The majority economic ownership interests of the Blackstone Funds are reflected as Redeemable
Non-Controlling
Interests in Consolidated Entities and
Non-Controlling
Interests in Consolidated Entities in the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements. The consolidation of these Blackstone Funds has no net effect on Blackstone’s Net Income or Partners’ Capital. Additionally, fluctuations in our statement of financial condition also include appreciation or depreciation in Blackstone investments in the Blackstone Funds, additional investments and redemptions of such interests in the Blackstone Funds and the collection of receivables related to management and advisory fees.
Total assets were $31.0 billion as of June 30, 2019, an increase of $2.0 billion, or 7%, from December 31, 2018. The increase in total assets was principally due to an increase of $1.8 billion in total assets attributable to the consolidated operating partnerships. The increase in total assets attributable to the consolidated operating partnerships was primarily due to increases of $1.7 billion in Investments and $507.1 million in
Right-of-Use
Assets. The increase in Investments was primarily due to appreciation in the value of Blackstone’s interests in its real
 
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estate and private equity investments. Effective January 1, 2019, Blackstone adopted new GAAP guidance on the accounting for leases on a modified retrospective basis. See Note 2. “Summary of Significant Accounting Policies” in the “Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements” in “Part I. Item 1. Financial Statements” of this filing. The adoption resulted in the recognition of
Right-of-Use
Assets of $507.1 million as of June 30, 2019. The other net variances of the assets attributable to the consolidated operating partnerships were relatively unchanged.
Total liabilities were $16.9 billion as of June 30, 2019, an increase of $1.7 billion, or 11%, from December 31, 2018. The increase in total liabilities was principally due to an increase of $1.5 billion in total liabilities attributable to the consolidated operating partnerships. The increase in total liabilities attributable to the consolidated operating partnerships was primarily due to increases of $668.8 million in Loans Payable and $574.6 million in Operating Lease Liability. The increase in Loans Payable was due to the issuance of our
600 million bond on April 10, 2019. Effective January 1, 2019, Blackstone adopted new GAAP guidance on the accounting for leases on a modified retrospective basis. The adoption resulted in the recognition of Operating Lease Liabilities of $574.6 million as of June 30, 2019. The other net variances of the liabilities attributable to the consolidated operating partnerships were relatively unchanged.
Sources and Uses of Liquidity
We have multiple sources of liquidity to meet our capital needs, including annual cash flows, accumulated earnings in the businesses, the proceeds from our issuances of senior notes, liquid investments we hold on our balance sheet for our own use and access to our $1.6 billion committed revolving credit facility. As of June 30, 2019, Blackstone had $1.5 billion in cash and cash equivalents, $3.3 billion invested in corporate treasury investments, $1.9 billion invested in Blackstone Funds and other investments, against $4.2 billion in borrowings from our bond issuances, and no borrowings outstanding under our revolving credit facility.
On April 10, 2019, Blackstone issued
600 million aggregate principal amount of 1.500% Senior Notes maturing on April 10, 2029. Blackstone intends to use the net proceeds from the sale of the notes for general corporate purposes.
In addition to the cash we received from our debt offerings and availability under our committed revolving credit facility, we expect to receive (a) cash generated from operating activities, (b) Performance Allocations and Incentive Fee realizations, and (c) realizations on the carry and hedge fund investments that we make. The amounts received from these three sources in particular may vary substantially from year to year and quarter to quarter depending on the frequency and size of realization events or net returns experienced by our investment funds. Our available capital could be adversely affected if there are prolonged periods of few substantial realizations from our investment funds accompanied by substantial capital calls for new investments from those investment funds. Therefore, Blackstone’s commitments to our funds are taken into consideration when managing our overall liquidity and cash position.
We expect that our primary liquidity needs will be cash to (a) provide capital to facilitate the growth of our existing businesses which principally includes funding our general partner and
co-investment
commitments to our funds, (b) provide capital to facilitate our expansion into new businesses that are complementary, (c) pay operating expenses, including cash compensation to our employees and other obligations as they arise, (d) fund modest capital expenditures, (e) repay borrowings and related interest costs, (f) pay income taxes, (g) repurchase our common stock and Blackstone Holdings Partnership Units pursuant to our repurchase program, and (h) pay dividends to our shareholders and the holders of Blackstone Holdings Partnership Units.
On July 1, 2019, we announced our Conversion from a Delaware limited partnership to the Corporation. Following the Conversion, all of the net income attributable to the Corporation will be subject to U.S. federal (and state and local) corporate income taxes. See “Part II. Item 1A. Risk Factors — Following the Conversion, we expect to pay more corporate income taxes than we would have as a limited partnership.” and “— Conversion to a Corporation” in our Quarterly Report on Form
 10-Q
for the quarter ended March 31, 2019.
 
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Our own capital commitments to our funds, the funds we invest in and our investment strategies as of June 30, 2019 consisted of the following:
                                 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Senior Managing Directors
 
 
Blackstone and
 
and Certain Other
 
 
General Partner
 
Professionals (a)
 
 
Original
 
Remaining
 
Original
 
Remaining
 
Fund
 
Commitment
 
Commitment
 
Commitment
 
Commitment
 
 
 
(Dollars in Thousands)
Real Estate
   
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
 
BREP VII
  $
300,000
    $
41,987
    $
100,000
    $
13,996
 
BREP VIII
   
300,000
     
90,817
     
100,000
     
30,272
 
BREP IX
   
300,000
     
300,000
     
100,000
     
100,000
 
BREP Europe III
   
100,000
     
13,231
     
35,000
     
4,410
 
BREP Europe IV
   
130,000
     
23,842
     
43,333
     
7,947
 
BREP Europe V
   
150,000
     
56,620
     
43,333
     
16,357
 
BREP Europe VI
   
130,000
     
130,000
     
43,333
     
43,333
 
BREP Asia I
   
50,000
     
14,806
     
16,667
     
4,935
 
BREP Asia II
   
70,707
     
53,393
     
23,569
     
17,798
 
BREDS II
   
50,000
     
6,227
     
16,667
     
2,076
 
BREDS III
   
50,000
     
18,126
     
16,667
     
6,042
 
BPP
   
99,401
     
17,459
     
     
 
Other (b)
   
9,752
     
2,652
     
     
 
Private Equity
   
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
 
BCP V
   
629,356
     
30,642
     
     
 
BCP VI
   
719,718
     
97,379
     
250,000
     
33,826
 
BCP VII
   
500,000
     
249,754
     
225,000
     
112,389
 
BCP VIII
   
500,000
     
500,000
     
225,000
     
225,000
 
BEP I
   
50,000
     
4,728
     
     
 
BEP II
   
80,000
     
22,916
     
26,667
     
7,639
 
BEP III
   
74,679
     
74,679
     
24,893
     
24,893
 
BCEP
   
120,000
     
57,590
     
18,992
     
9,179
 
BCP Asia
   
40,000
     
32,580
     
13,333
     
10,860
 
Tactical Opportunities
   
424,211
     
200,243
     
123,670
     
66,748
 
Strategic Partners
   
584,120
     
361,493
     
90,627
     
59,377
 
BIP
   
168,632
     
146,653
     
     
 
BXLS
   
10,500
     
7,301
     
     
 
Other (b)
   
262,711
     
32,100
     
     
 
Hedge Fund Solutions
   
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
 
Strategic Alliance
   
50,000
     
2,033
     
     
 
Strategic Alliance II
   
50,000
     
1,482
     
     
 
Strategic Alliance III
   
22,000
     
12,179
     
     
 
Strategic Holdings LP
   
154,610
     
87,393
     
     
 
Other (b)
   
4,700
     
2,546
     
     
 
Credit
   
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
 
Capital Opportunities Fund II LP
   
120,000
     
31,445
     
110,101
     
28,851
 
Capital Opportunities Fund III LP
   
130,783
     
65,249
     
30,688
     
15,751
 
GSO European Senior Debt Fund LP
   
63,000
     
17,810
     
56,992
     
16,112
 
GSO European Senior Debt Fund II LP
   
13,775
     
13,775
     
4,592
     
4,592
 
GSO Capital Solutions
   
50,000
     
5,780
     
27,666
     
3,198
 
GSO Capital Solutions II
   
125,000
     
52,036
     
119,959
     
49,938
 
GSO Capital Solutions III
   
151,000
     
131,267
     
31,395
     
27,406
 
GSO Energy Select Opportunities Fund
   
80,000
     
41,259
     
74,739
     
38,546
 
GSO Energy Select Opportunities Fund II
   
70,736
     
67,176
     
23,579
     
22,392
 
GSO Credit Alpha Fund LP
   
52,102
     
7,465
     
50,394
     
7,221
 
GSO Credit Alpha Fund II LP
   
25,500
     
15,868
     
5,907
     
3,678
 
Blackstone / GSO Secured Lending Fund
   
45,000
     
27,000
     
     
 
Other (b)
   
163,966
     
57,724
     
21,098
     
5,774
 
Other
   
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
 
Treasury
   
80,113
     
32,018
     
     
 
                                 
 
  $
7,356,072
    $
3,258,723
    $
2,093,861
    $
1,020,536
 
                                 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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(a) For some of the general partner commitments shown in the table above, we require our senior managing directors and certain other professionals to fund a portion of the commitment even though the ultimate obligation to fund the aggregate commitment is ours pursuant to the governing agreements of the respective funds. The amounts of the aggregate applicable general partner original and remaining commitment are shown in the table above. In addition, certain senior managing directors and other professionals are required to fund a de minimis amount of the commitment in the other private equity, real estate and credit-focused carry funds. We expect our commitments to be drawn down over time and to be funded by available cash and cash generated from operations and realizations. Taking into account prevailing market conditions and both the liquidity and cash or liquid investment balances, we believe that the sources of liquidity described above will be more than sufficient to fund our working capital requirements.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(b) Represents capital commitments to a number of other funds in each respective segment.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
As of June 30, 2019, Blackstone Holdings Finance Co. L.L.C. (the “Issuer”), an indirect subsidiary of Blackstone, had issued and outstanding the following senior notes (collectively the “Notes”):
         
 
 
Aggregate
 
 
 
Principal
 
 
 
Amount
 
 
 
(Dollars/Euros
 
Senior Notes (a)
 
in Thousands)
 
5.875%, Due 3/15/2021
  $
400,000
 
4.750%, Due 2/15/2023
  $
400,000
 
2.000%, Due 5/19/2025
 
300,000
 
1.000%, Due 10/5/2026
 
600,000
 
3.150%, Due 10/2/2027
  $
300,000
 
1.500%, Due 4/10/2029
 
600,000
 
6.250%, Due 8/15/2042
  $
250,000
 
5.000%, Due 6/15/2044
  $
500,000
 
4.450%, Due 7/15/2045
  $
350,000
 
4.000%, Due 10/2/2047
  $
300,000
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(a) The Notes are unsecured and unsubordinated obligations of the Issuer and are fully and unconditionally guaranteed, jointly and severally, by Blackstone and each of the Blackstone Holdings Partnerships. The Notes contain customary covenants and financial restrictions that, among other things, limit the Issuer and the guarantors’ ability, subject to certain exceptions, to incur indebtedness secured by liens on voting stock or profit participating equity interests of their subsidiaries or merge, consolidate or sell, transfer or lease assets. The Notes also contain customary events of default. All or a portion of the Notes may be redeemed at our option, in whole or in part, at any time and from time to time, prior to their stated maturity, at the make-whole redemption price set forth in the Notes. If a change of control repurchase event occurs, the Notes are subject to repurchase at the repurchase price as set forth in the Notes.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Blackstone, through indirect subsidiaries, has a $1.6 billion unsecured revolving credit facility (the “Credit Facility”) with Citibank, N.A., as administrative agent with a maturity date of September 21, 2023. Borrowings may also be made in U.K. sterling, euros, Swiss francs, Japanese yen or Canadian dollars, in each case subject to certain
sub-limits.
The Credit Facility contains customary representations, covenants and events of default. Financial covenants consist of a maximum net leverage ratio and a requirement to keep a minimum amount of
fee-earning
assets under management, each tested quarterly.
On April 16, 2018, the board of directors of our general partner, Blackstone Group Management L.L.C., authorized the repurchase of up to $1.0 billion of Blackstone common units and Blackstone Holdings Partnership Units (the “2018 Repurchase Authorization”). On July 16, 2019, the board of directors of the Corporation
 
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authorized the repurchase of up to $1.0 billion of Class A Common Stock and Blackstone Holdings Partnership Units, which authorization replaced the 2018 Repurchase Authorization. Under the repurchase program, stock may be repurchased from time to time in open market transactions, in privately negotiated transactions or otherwise. The timing and the actual number of stock repurchased will depend on a variety of factors, including legal requirements, price and economic and market conditions. The stock repurchase program may be changed, suspended or discontinued at any time and does not have a specified expiration date.
During the three and six months ended June 30, 2019, we repurchased 7.0 million and 8.5 million Blackstone common units as part of the unit repurchase program at a total cost of $290.9 million and $343.1 million, respectively. As of June 30, 2019, the amount remaining available for repurchases under the 2018 Repurchase Authorization was $115.4 million. Common units repurchased includes units for which trades were executed during the three months ended June 30, 2019 and settlement occurred in July 2019.
Dividends
Our intention is to dividend quarterly to common shareholders approximately 85% of The Blackstone Group Inc.’s share of Distributable Earnings, subject to adjustment by amounts determined by Blackstone’s board of directors to be necessary or appropriate to provide for the conduct of its business, to make appropriate investments in its business and funds, to comply with applicable law, any of its debt instruments or other agreements, or to provide for future cash requirements such as
tax-related
payments, clawback obligations and dividends to shareholders for any ensuing quarter. The dividend amount could also be adjusted upward in any one quarter.
For Blackstone’s definition of Distributable Earnings, see “— Key Financial Measures and Indicators”.
All of the foregoing is subject to the qualification that the declaration and payment of any dividends are at the sole discretion of our board of directors and our board of directors may change our dividend policy at any time, including, without limitation, to reduce such quarterly dividends or even to eliminate such dividends entirely.
Because the publicly traded entity and/or its wholly owned subsidiaries must pay taxes and make payments under the tax receivable agreements, the amounts ultimately paid as dividends by The Blackstone Group Inc. to common shareholders in respect of each fiscal year are generally expected to be less, on a per unit or share basis, than the amounts distributed by the Blackstone Holdings Partnerships to the Blackstone personnel and others who are limited partners of the Blackstone Holdings Partnerships in respect of their Blackstone Holdings Partnership Units. Following the Conversion, we expect to pay more corporate income taxes than we would have as a limited partnership, which will increase this difference in the dividend and/or distribution amounts on a per unit or share basis.
Dividends are treated as qualified dividends to the extent of Blackstone’s current and accumulated earnings and profits, with any excess dividends treated as a return of capital to the extent of the shareholder’s basis.
 
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The following graph shows fiscal quarterly and annual per common shareholder dividends for 2018 and 2019. Dividends are declared and paid in the quarter subsequent to the quarter in which they are earned.
 
With respect to the second quarter of fiscal year 2019, we have paid to common shareholders a dividend of $0.48 per common share, aggregating to $0.85 per common share in respect of the six months ended June 30, 2019. With respect to fiscal year 2018, we paid common shareholders aggregate dividends of $2.15 per common share. The second, third and fourth quarter fiscal 2018 per common share dividends of $0.58, $0.64 and $0.58 each include a $0.10 per common share dividend from a portion of the
after-tax
proceeds received in connection with the conclusion of Blackstone’s
sub-advisory
relationship with FS Investments.
Leverage
We may under certain circumstances use leverage opportunistically and over time to create the most efficient capital structure for Blackstone and our public common shareholders. In addition to the borrowings from our bond issuances and our revolving credit facility, we may use reverse repurchase agreements, repurchase agreements and securities sold, not yet purchased. All of these positions are held in a separately managed portfolio. Reverse repurchase agreements are entered into primarily to take advantage of opportunistic yields otherwise absent in the overnight markets and also to use the collateral received to cover securities sold, not yet purchased. Repurchase agreements are entered into primarily to opportunistically yield higher spreads on purchased securities. The balances held in these financial instruments fluctuate based on Blackstone’s liquidity needs, market conditions and investment risk profiles.
Generally our funds in our Private Equity segment, our opportunistic real estate funds, funds of hedge funds and certain credit-focused funds have not utilized substantial leverage at the fund level other than for (a) short-term borrowings between the date of an investment and the receipt of capital from the investing fund’s investors, and (b) long-term borrowings for certain investments in aggregate amounts which are generally 1% to 25% of the capital commitments of the respective fund. Our carry funds make direct or indirect investments in companies that utilize leverage in their capital structure. The degree of leverage employed varies among portfolio companies.
 
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Certain of our Real Estate debt hedge funds, Hedge Fund Solutions funds and
credit-focused
funds use leverage in order to obtain additional market exposure, enhance returns on invested capital and/or to bridge short-term cash needs. The forms of leverage primarily employed by these funds include purchasing securities on margin, utilizing collateralized financing and using derivative instruments.
The following table presents information regarding these financial instruments in our Condensed Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition:
                 
 
 
 
 
Securities
 
 
 
Repurchase
 
Sold, Not Yet
 
 
 
Agreements
 
Purchased
 
 
 
(Dollars in Millions)
Balance, June 30, 2019
  $
207.7
    $
128.5
 
Balance, December 31, 2018
  $
222.2
    $
142.6
 
Six Months Ended June 30, 2019
   
 
     
 
 
Average Daily Balance
  $
215.6
    $
129.9
 
Maximum Daily Balance
  $
224.6
    $
142.9
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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Contractual Obligations, Commitments and Contingencies
The following table sets forth information relating to our contractual obligations as of June 30, 2019 on a consolidated basis and on a basis deconsolidating the Blackstone Funds:
                                         
 
July 1, 2019 to
 
 
 
 
 
Contractual Obligations
 
December 31, 2019
 
2020-2021
 
2022-2023
 
Thereafter
 
Total
 
 
(Dollars in Thousands)
Operating Lease Obligations (a)
   $
41,502
     $
187,200
     $
183,980
     $
335,927
     $
748,609
 
Purchase Obligations
   
21,410
     
31,941
     
98
     
     
53,449
 
Blackstone Issued Notes and Revolving Credit Facility (b)
   
     
400,000
     
400,000
     
3,405,950
     
4,205,950
 
Interest on Blackstone Issued Notes and Revolving Credit Facility (c)
   
66,899
     
276,317
     
231,567
     
1,573,358
     
2,148,141
 
Blackstone Funds and CLO Vehicles Debt Obligations Payable (d)
   
316
     
     
     
6,849,041
     
6,849,357
 
Interest on Blackstone Funds and CLO Vehicles Debt Obligations Payable (e)
   
134,310
     
539,308
     
539,308
     
1,715,351
     
2,928,277
 
Blackstone Funds Capital Commitments to Investee Funds (f)
   
116,251
     
     
     
     
116,251
 
Due to Certain
Non-Controlling
Interest Holders in Connection with Tax Receivable Agreements (g)
   
     
142,080
     
145,788
     
465,879
     
753,747
 
Unrecognized Tax Benefits, Including Interest and Penalties (h)
   
     
873
     
     
     
873
 
Blackstone Operating Entities Capital Commitments to Blackstone Funds and Other (i)
   
3,258,723
     
     
     
     
3,258,723
 
                                         
Consolidated Contractual Obligations
   
3,639,411
     
1,577,719
     
1,500,741
     
14,345,506
     
21,063,377
 
Blackstone Funds and CLO Vehicles Debt Obligations Payable (d)
   
(316
)    
     
     
(6,849,041
)    
(6,849,357
)
Interest on Blackstone Funds and CLO Vehicles Debt Obligations Payable (e)
   
(134,310
)    
(539,308
)    
(539,308
)    
(1,715,351
)    
(2,928,277
)
Blackstone Funds Capital Commitments to Investee Funds (f)
   
(116,251
)    
     
     
     
(116,251
)
                                         
Blackstone Operating Entities Contractual Obligations
   $
3,388,534
     $
1,038,411
     $
961,433
     $
5,781,114
     $
11,169,492
 
                                         
 
(a) We lease our primary office space and certain office equipment under agreements that expire through 2030. Occupancy lease agreements, in addition to contractual rent payments, generally include additional payments for certain costs incurred by the landlord, such as building expenses, and utilities. To the extent these are fixed or determinable they are included in the table above. The table above includes operating leases that are recognized as Operating Lease Liabilities, short-term leases that are not recorded as Operating Lease Liabilities and leases that have been signed but not yet commenced which are not recorded as Operating Lease Liabilities. The amounts in this table are presented net of contractual sublease commitments.
(b) Represents the principal amount due on the senior notes we issued. As of June 30, 2019, we had no outstanding borrowings under our revolver.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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(c) Represents interest to be paid over the maturity of our senior notes and borrowings under our revolving credit facility which has been calculated assuming no
pre-payments
are made and debt is held until its final maturity date. These amounts exclude commitment fees for unutilized borrowings under our revolver.
 
 
 
 
(d) These obligations are those of the Blackstone Funds including the consolidated CLO vehicles.
 
 
 
 
(e) Represents interest to be paid over the maturity of the related consolidated Blackstone Funds’ and CLO vehicles’ debt obligations which has been calculated assuming no
pre-payments
will be made and debt will be held until its final maturity date. The future interest payments are calculated using variable rates in effect as of June 30, 2019, at spreads to market rates pursuant to the financing agreements, and range from 0.8% to 9.0%. The majority of the borrowings are due on demand and for purposes of this schedule are assumed to mature within one year. Interest on the majority of these borrowings rolls over into the principal balance at each reset date.
 
 
 
 
(f) These obligations represent commitments of the consolidated Blackstone Funds to make capital contributions to investee funds and portfolio companies. These amounts are generally due on demand and are therefore presented in the less than one year category.
 
 
 
 
(g) Represents obligations by Blackstone’s corporate subsidiary to make payments under the Tax Receivable Agreements to certain
non-controlling
interest holders for the tax savings realized from the taxable purchases of their interests in connection with the reorganization at the time of Blackstone’s IPO in 2007 and subsequent purchases. The obligation represents the amount of the payments currently expected to be made, which are dependent on the tax savings actually realized as determined annually without discounting for the timing of the payments. As required by GAAP, the amount of the obligation included in the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements and shown in Note 17. “Related Party Transactions” (see “Part I. Item 1 Financial Statements”) differs to reflect the net present value of the payments due to certain
non-controlling
interest holders.
 
 
 
 
(h) The total represents gross unrecognized tax benefits of $0.5 million and interest and penalties of $0.4 million. In addition, Blackstone is not able to make a reasonably reliable estimate of the timing of payments in individual years in connection with gross unrecognized benefits of $23.1 million and interest of $1.9 million; therefore, such amounts are not included in the above contractual obligations table.
 
 
 
 
(i) These obligations represent commitments by us to provide general partner capital funding to the Blackstone Funds, limited partner capital funding to other funds and Blackstone principal investment commitments. These amounts are generally due on demand and are therefore presented in the less than one year category; however, a substantial amount of the capital commitments are expected to be called over the next three years. We expect to continue to make these general partner capital commitments as we raise additional amounts for our investment funds over time.
 
 
 
 
Guarantees
Blackstone and certain of its consolidated funds provide financial guarantees. The amounts and nature of these guarantees are described in Note 18. “Commitments and Contingencies – Contingencies – Guarantees” in the “Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements” in “Part I. Item 1. Financial Statements” of this filing.
Indemnifications
In many of its service contracts, Blackstone agrees to indemnify the third party service provider under certain circumstances. The terms of the indemnities vary from contract to contract and the amount of indemnification liability, if any, cannot be determined and has not been included in the table above or recorded in our Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements as of June 30, 2019.
Clawback Obligations
Performance Allocations are subject to clawback to the extent that the Performance Allocations received to date with respect to a fund exceeds the amount due to Blackstone based on cumulative results of that fund. The actual clawback liability, however, generally does not become realized until the end of a fund’s life except for certain Blackstone real estate funds, multi-asset class investment funds and credit-focused funds, which may have an interim clawback liability. The lives of the carry funds, including available contemplated extensions, for which a
 
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liability for potential clawback obligations has been recorded for financial reporting purposes, are currently anticipated to expire at various points through 2028. Further extensions of such terms may be implemented under given circumstances.
For financial reporting purposes, when applicable, the general partners record a liability for potential clawback obligations to the limited partners of some of the carry funds due to changes in the unrealized value of a fund’s remaining investments and where the fund’s general partner has previously received Performance Allocation distributions with respect to such fund’s realized investments.
As of June 30, 2019, the total clawback obligations were $70.1 million, of which $69.2 million was related to Blackstone Holdings and $0.9 million was related to current and former Blackstone personnel. The split of clawback between Blackstone Holdings and current and former personnel is based on the performance of individual investments held by a fund rather than on a fund by fund basis. If, at June 30, 2019, all of the investments held by our carry funds were deemed worthless, a possibility that management views as remote, the amount of Performance Allocations subject to potential clawback would be $6.9 billion, on an
after-tax
basis where applicable, of which Blackstone Holdings is potentially liable for $6.3 billion if current and former Blackstone personnel default on their share of the liability, a possibility that management also views as remote. See Note 17. “Related Party Transactions” and Note 18. “Commitments and Contingencies” in the “Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements” in “Part I. Item 1. Financial Statements” of this filing.
Critical Accounting Policies
We prepare our Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements in accordance with GAAP. In applying many of these accounting principles, we need to make assumptions, estimates and/or judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses in our condensed consolidated financial statements. We base our estimates and judgments on historical experience and other assumptions that we believe are reasonable under the circumstances. These assumptions, estimates and/or judgments, however, are often subjective. Actual results may be affected negatively based on changing circumstances. If actual amounts are ultimately different from our estimates, the revisions are included in our results of operations for the period in which the actual amounts become known. We believe the following critical accounting policies could potentially produce materially different results if we were to change underlying assumptions, estimates and/or judgments. For a description of our accounting policies, see Note 2. “Summary of Significant Accounting Policies” in the “Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements” in “Part I. Item 1. Financial Statements” of this filing.
Principles of Consolidation
For a description of our accounting policy on consolidation, see Note 2. “Summary of Significant Accounting Policies — Consolidation” and Note 9. “Variable Interest Entities” in the “Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements” in “Part I. Item 1. Financial Statements” of this filing for detailed information on Blackstone’s consolidation policy and its involvement with VIEs. The following discussion is intended to provide supplemental information about how the application of consolidation principles impact our financial results, and management’s process for implementing those principles including areas of significant judgment.
The determination that Blackstone holds a controlling financial interest in a Blackstone Fund significantly changes the presentation of our condensed consolidated financial statements. In our Condensed Consolidated Statements of Financial Position included in this filing, we present 100% of the assets and liabilities of consolidated VIEs along with a
non-controlling
interest which represents the portion of the consolidated vehicle’s interests held by third parties. However, assets of our consolidated VIEs can only be used to settle obligations of the consolidated VIE and are not available for general use by Blackstone. Further, the liabilities of our consolidated VIEs do not have recourse to the general credit of Blackstone. In the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations, we eliminate any management fees, Incentive Fees, or Performance Allocations received or accrued from consolidated VIEs as they are considered intercompany transactions. We recognize 100% of the consolidated VIE’s investment income (loss) and allocate the portion of that income (loss) attributable to third party ownership to
non-controlling
interests in arriving at Net Income Attributable to The Blackstone Group L.P.
 
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The assessment of whether we consolidate a Blackstone Fund we manage requires the application of significant judgment. These judgments are applied both at the time we become involved with the VIE and on an ongoing basis and include, but are not limited to:
  Determining whether our management fees, Incentive Fees or Performance Allocations represent variable interests – We make judgments as to whether the fees we earn are commensurate with the level of effort required for those fees and at market rates. In making this judgment, we consider, among other things, the extent of third party investment in the entity and the terms of any other interests we hold in the VIE.
 
 
 
 
  Determining whether
kick-out
rights are substantive – We make judgments as to whether the third party investors in a partnership entity have the ability to remove the general partner, the investment manager or its equivalent, or to dissolve (liquidate) the partnership entity, through a simple majority vote. This includes an evaluation of whether barriers to exercise these rights exist.
 
 
 
 
  Concluding whether Blackstone has an obligation to absorb losses or the right to receive benefits that could potentially be significant to the VIE – As there is no explicit threshold in GAAP to define “potentially significant,” management must apply judgment and evaluate both quantitative and qualitative factors to conclude whether this threshold is met.
 
 
 
 
Revenue Recognition
For a description of our accounting policy on revenue recognition, see Note 2. “Summary of Significant Accounting Policies — Revenue Recognition” in the “Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements” in “Part I. Item 1. Financial Statements”. For additional description of the nature of our revenue arrangements, including how management fees, Incentive Fees, and Performance Allocations are generated, please refer to “Part I. Item 1. Business — Incentive Arrangements / Fee Structure” in our Annual Report on Form
10-K
for the year ended December 31, 2018. The following discussion is intended to provide supplemental information about how the application of revenue recognition principles impact our financial results, and management’s process for implementing those principles including areas of significant judgment.
Management and Advisory Fees, Net
— Blackstone earns base management fees from the investors in each of its managed funds and investment vehicles, at a fixed percentage of a calculation base which is typically assets under management, net asset value, total assets, committed capital or invested capital. The range of management fee rates and the calculation base from which they are earned, generally, are as follows:
On private equity, real estate, and certain of our hedge fund solutions and credit-focused funds:
  0.25% to 2.00% of committed capital or invested capital during the investment period,
 
 
 
 
  0.25% to 1.50% of invested capital, committed capital and investment fair value subsequent to the investment period for private equity and real estate funds, and
 
 
 
 
  0.75% to 1.50% of invested capital or net asset value subsequent to the investment period for certain of our hedge fund solutions and
credit-focused
funds.
 
 
 
 
On real estate, credit and
MLP-focused
funds structured like hedge funds:
  0.50% to 1.50% of net asset value.
 
 
 
 
On credit and
MLP-focused
separately managed accounts:
  0.25% to 1.50% of net asset value or total assets.
 
 
 
 
On real estate separately managed accounts:
  0.50% to 2.00% of invested capital, net operating income or net asset value.
 
 
 
 
 
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On funds of hedge funds, certain hedge funds and separately managed accounts invested in hedge funds:
  0.25% to 1.50% of net asset value.
 
 
 
 
On CLO vehicles:
  0.40% to 0.65% of the aggregate par amount of collateral assets, including principal cash.
 
 
 
 
On credit-focused registered and
non-registered
investment companies:
  0.35% to 1.50% of total assets or net asset value.
 
 
 
 
The investment adviser of BXMT receives annual management fees based upon 1.50% of BXMT’s net proceeds received from equity offerings and accumulated “core earnings” (which is generally equal to its GAAP net income excluding certain
non-cash
and other items), subject to certain adjustments. The investment adviser of BREIT receives a management fee of 1.25% per annum of net asset value, payable monthly.
Management fee calculations based on committed capital or invested capital are mechanical in nature and therefore do not require the use of significant estimates or judgments. Management fee calculations based on net asset value, total assets, or investment fair value depend on the fair value of the underlying investments within the funds. Estimates and assumptions are made when determining the fair value of the underlying investments within the funds and could vary depending on the valuation methodology that is used as well as economic conditions. See “— Fair Value” below for further discussion of the judgment required for determining the fair value of the underlying investments.
Investment Income (Loss)
— Performance Allocations are made to the general partner based on cumulative fund performance to date, subject to a preferred return to limited partners. Blackstone has concluded that investments made alongside its limited partners in a partnership which entitle Blackstone to a Performance Allocation represent equity method investments that are not in the scope of the GAAP guidance on accounting for revenues from contracts with customers. Blackstone accounts for these arrangements under the equity method of accounting. Under the equity method Blackstone’s share of earnings (losses) from equity method investments is determined using a balance sheet approach referred to as the hypothetical liquidation at book value (“HLBV”) method. Under the HLBV method, at the end of each reporting period Blackstone calculates the accrued Performance Allocations that would be due to Blackstone for each fund pursuant to the fund agreements as if the fair value of the underlying investments were realized as of such date, irrespective of whether such amounts have been realized. Performance Allocations are subject to clawback to the extent that the Performance Allocation received to date exceeds the amount due to Blackstone based on cumulative results.
The change in the fair value of the investments held by certain Blackstone Funds is a significant input into the accrued Performance Allocation calculation and accrual for potential repayment of previously received Performance Allocations. Estimates and assumptions are made when determining the fair value of the underlying investments within the funds. See “— Fair Value” below for further discussion related to significant estimates and assumptions used for determining fair value of the underlying investments.
Fair Value
Blackstone uses fair value throughout the reporting process. For a description of our accounting policies related to valuation, see Note 2. “Summary of Significant Accounting Policies — Fair Value of Financial Instruments” and “Summary of Significant Accounting Policies — Investments at Fair Value” in the “Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements” in “Part I. Item 1. Financial Statements” of this filing. The following discussion is intended to provide supplemental information about how the application of fair value principles impact our financial results, and management’s process for implementing those principles including areas of significant judgment.
The fair value of the investments held by Blackstone Funds is the primary input to the calculation of certain of our management fees, Incentive Fees, Performance Allocations and the related Compensation we recognize. The
 
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Blackstone Funds are accounted for as investment companies under the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants Accounting and Auditing Guide,
Investment Companies
, and in accordance with the GAAP guidance on investment companies and reflect their investments, including majority-owned and controlled investments (the “Portfolio Companies”), at fair value. In the absence of observable market prices, we utilize valuation methodologies applied on a consistent basis and assumptions that we believe market participants would use to determine the fair value of the investments. For some investments where little market activity may exist management’s determination of fair value is then based on the best information available in the circumstances, may incorporate management’s own assumptions and involves a significant degree of judgment, taking into consideration a combination of internal and external factors, including the appropriate risk adjustments for
non-performance
and liquidity risks.
Blackstone has also elected the fair value option for certain instruments it owns directly, including loans and receivables and investments in private debt securities, the assets of consolidated CLO vehicles and other proprietary investments. Blackstone is required to measure certain financial instruments at fair value, including debt instruments, equity securities and freestanding derivatives.
Fair Value of Investments or Instruments that are Publicly Traded
Securities that are publicly traded and for which a quoted market exists will be valued at the closing price of such securities in the principal market in which the security trades, or in the absence of a principal market, in the most advantageous market on the valuation date. When a quoted price in an active market exists, no block discounts or control premiums are permitted regardless of the size of the public security held. In some cases, securities will include legal and contractual restrictions limiting their purchase and sale for a period of time, such as may be required under SEC Rule 144 or by underwriters in certain transactions. A discount to publicly traded price may be appropriate in those cases; the amount of the discount shall be determined based on the time period that must pass before the restricted security becomes unrestricted or otherwise available for sale.
Fair Value of Investments or Instruments that are not Publicly Traded
Investments for which market prices are not observable include private investments in the equity or debt of operating companies or real estate properties. Our primary methodology for determining the fair values of such investments is the income approach which provides an indication of fair value based on the present value of cash flows that a business, security, or property is expected to generate in the future. The most widely used methodology under the income approach is the discounted cash flow method which includes significant assumptions about the underlying investment’s projected net earnings or cash flows, discount rate, capitalization rate and exit multiple. Our secondary methodology, generally used to corroborate the results of the income approach, is the market approach. The most widely used methodology under the market approach relies upon valuations for comparable public companies, transactions, or assets, and includes making judgments about which companies, transactions, or assets are comparable.
In certain cases debt and equity securities are valued on the basis of prices from an orderly transaction between market participants provided by reputable dealers or pricing services. In determining the value of a particular investment, pricing services may use certain information with respect to transactions in such investments, quotations from dealers, pricing matrices and market transactions in comparable investments and various relationships between investments.
Management Process on Fair Value
Due to the importance of fair value throughout the condensed consolidated financial statements and the significant judgment required to be applied in arriving at those fair values, we have developed a process around valuation that incorporates several levels of approval and review from both internal and external sources. Blackstone Fund investments are valued on a quarterly basis by our internal valuation teams, which are independent from our investment teams.
 
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For investments valued utilizing the income method, our valuation team generally has a direct line of communication with each of the Portfolio Company finance teams and collects financial data used to support projections used in a discounted cash flow analysis. The valuation team then analyzes the data received and updates the valuation models reflecting any changes in the underlying discounted cash flow projections, weighted-average cost of capital, exit multiple, and any other valuation input relevant economic conditions.
The results of all valuations of investments held by Blackstone Fund and investment vehicles are reviewed by the relevant business unit’s
sub-committee,
which is made up of key personnel, typically the chief investment officer, chief operating officer, chief financial officer, chief compliance officer (or their respective equivalents where applicable) and other senior managing directors in the business. Following review and approval by each business unit’s
sub-committee,
the results are reviewed and must be approved by Blackstone’s firm-wide valuation committee chaired by Blackstone’s Chief Financial Officer and including senior heads of each of Blackstone’s businesses, as well as representatives from legal and finance. To further corroborate our results, we generally obtain a positive assurance opinion by an independent valuation party, at least annually for all investments and quarterly for certain investments. Each quarter, the valuations of Blackstone’s investments are also reviewed by the audit committee comprised of our
non-employee
directors in a meeting attended by the chairman of the valuation committee.
Off-Balance
Sheet Arrangements
In the normal course of business, we engage in
off-balance
sheet arrangements, including transactions in derivatives, guarantees, commitments, indemnifications and potential contingent repayment obligations. We do not have any
off-balance
sheet arrangements that would require us to fund losses or guarantee target returns to investors in our funds.
Further disclosure on our
off-balance
sheet arrangements is presented in the “Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements” in “Part I. Item 1. Financial Statements” of this filing as follows:
  Note 9. “Variable Interest Entities”, and
 
 
 
 
 
 
  Note 18. “Commitments and Contingencies — Commitments — Investment Commitments” and “— Contingencies — Guarantees”.
 
 
 
 
 
 
Recent Accounting Developments
Information regarding recent accounting developments and their impact on Blackstone can be found in Note 2. “Summary of Significant Accounting Policies” in the “Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements” in “Part I. Item 1. Financial Statements” of this filing.
Item 3.   Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk
Our predominant exposure to market risk is related to our role as general partner or investment adviser to the Blackstone Funds and the sensitivities to movements in the fair value of their investments, including the effect on management fees, performance revenues and investment income.
Although the Blackstone Funds share many common themes, each of our alternative asset management operations runs its own investment and risk management processes, subject to our overall risk tolerance and philosophy:
  The investment process of our carry funds involves a detailed analysis of potential investments, and asset management teams are assigned to oversee the operations, strategic development, financing and capital deployment decisions of each portfolio investment. Key investment decisions are subject to approval by the applicable investment committee, which is comprised of Blackstone senior managing directors and senior management.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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  In our capacity as adviser to certain funds in our Hedge Fund Solutions and Credit segments, we continuously monitor a variety of markets for attractive trading opportunities, applying a number of traditional and customized risk management metrics to analyze risk related to specific assets or portfolios. In addition, we perform extensive credit and cash flow analyses of borrowers, credit-based assets and underlying hedge fund managers, and have extensive asset management teams that monitor covenant compliance by, and relevant financial data of, borrowers and other obligors, asset pool performance statistics, tracking of cash payments relating to investments and ongoing analysis of the credit status of investments.
 
 
 
 
 
 
Effect on Fund Management Fees
Our management fees are based on (a) third parties’ capital commitments to a Blackstone Fund, (b) third parties’ capital invested in a Blackstone Fund or (c) the net asset value, or NAV, of a Blackstone Fund, as described in our Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements. Management fees will only be directly affected by short-term changes in market conditions to the extent they are based on NAV or represent permanent impairments of value. These management fees will be increased (or reduced) in direct proportion to the effect of changes in the fair value of our investments in the related funds. The proportion of our management fees that are based on NAV is dependent on the number and types of Blackstone Funds in existence and the current stage of each fund’s life cycle. For the six months ended June 30, 2019 and June 30, 2018, the percentages of our fund management fees based on the NAV of the applicable funds or separately managed accounts, were as follows:
                                             
 
 
Six Months Ended
June 30,
 
 
2019
 
2018
 
Fund Management Fees Based on the NAV of the Applicable Funds or Separately Managed Accounts
   
40%
     
36%
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Market Risk
The Blackstone Funds hold investments which are reported at fair value. Based on the fair value as of June 30, 2019 and June 30, 2018, we estimate that a 10% decline in fair value of the investments would result in the following declines in Management Fees, Performance Revenues, Net of Related Compensation Expense and Investment Income:
                                                                                                                                                                                           
 
 
June 30,
 
 
2019
 
2018
 
 
 
 
Performance
 
 
 
 
 
Performance
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Revenues,
 
 
 
 
 
Revenues,
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net of Related
 
 
 
 
 
Net of Related
 
 
 
 
 
Management
 
Compensation
 
Investment
 
Management
 
Compensation
 
Investment
 
 
 
Fees (a)
 
Expense (b)
 
Income (b)
 
Fees (a)
 
Expense (b)
 
Income (b)
 
 
 
(Dollars in Thousands)
10% Decline in Fair Value of the Investments
  $
120,197
    $
1,552,228
    $
181,076
    $
81,847
    $
1,398,609
    $
194,951
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(a) Represents the annualized effect of the 10% decline.
 
 
 
 
 
 
(b) Represents the reporting date effect of the 10% decline.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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Total Assets Under Management, excluding undrawn capital commitments and the amount of capital raised for our CLOs, by segment, and the percentage amount classified as Level III investments as defined within the fair value standards of GAAP, are as follows:
                                                               
 
 
June 30, 2019
 
 
Total Assets Under Management,
Excluding Undrawn Capital
Commitments and the Amount of
Capital Raised for CLOs
 
Percentage Amount
    Classified as Level III    
Investments
 
 
 
(Dollars in Thousands)
 
 
 
Real Estate
  $
102,086,247            
     
84%
 
Private Equity
  $
73,693,466            
     
70%
 
Credit
  $
80,870,751            
     
33%
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
The fair value of our investments and securities can vary significantly based on a number of factors that take into consideration the diversity of the Blackstone Funds’ investment portfolio and on a number of factors and inputs such as similar transactions, financial metrics, and industry comparatives, among others. See “Part I. Item 1A. Risk Factors” in our Annual Report on Form
 10-K
for the year ended December 31, 2018. Also see “Part I. Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations — Critical Accounting Policies — Investments, at Fair Value”. We believe these fair value amounts should be utilized with caution as our intent and strategy is to hold investments and securities until prevailing market conditions are beneficial for investment sales.
Investors in all of our carry funds (and certain of our credit-focused funds and funds of hedge funds) make capital commitments to those funds that we are entitled to call from those investors at any time during prescribed periods. We depend on investors fulfilling their commitments when we call capital from them in order for those funds to consummate investments and otherwise pay their related obligations when due, including management fees. We have not had investors fail to honor capital calls to any meaningful extent and any investor that did not fund a capital call would be subject to having a significant amount of its existing investment forfeited in that fund; however, if investors were to fail to satisfy a significant amount of capital calls for any particular fund or funds, those funds could be materially and adversely affected.
Exchange Rate Risk
The Blackstone Funds hold investments that are denominated in
non-U.S.
dollar currencies that may be affected by movements in the rate of exchange between the U.S. dollar and
non-U.S.
dollar currencies. Additionally, a portion of our management fees are denominated in
non-U.S.
dollar currencies. We estimate that as of June 30, 2019 and June 30, 2018, a 10% decline in the rate of exchange of all foreign currencies against the U.S. dollar would result in the following declines in Management Fees, Performance Revenues, Net of Related Compensation Expense and Investment Income:
 
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June 30,
 
 
2019
 
2018
 
 
 
 
Performance
 
 
 
 
 
Performance
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Revenues,
 
 
 
 
 
Revenues,
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net of Related
 
 
 
 
 
Net of Related
 
 
 
 
 
Management
 
Compensation
 
Investment
 
Management
 
Compensation
 
Investment
 
 
 
Fees (a)
 
Expense (b)
 
Income (b)
 
Fees (a)
 
Expense (b)
 
Income (b)
 
 
 
(Dollars in Thousands)
10% Decline in the Rate of Exchange of All Foreign Currencies Against the U.S. Dollar
  $
19,640
    $
411,596
    $
34,545
    $
19,067
    $
324,948
    $
31,021
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(a) Represents the annualized effect of the 10% decline.
 
 
 
 
 
 
(b) Represents the reporting date effect of the 10% decline.
 
 
 
 
 
 
Interest Rate Risk
Blackstone has debt obligations payable that accrue interest at variable rates. Interest rate changes may therefore affect the amount of our interest payments, future earnings and cash flows. Based on our debt obligations payable as of June 30, 2019 and June 30, 2018, we estimate that interest expense relating to variable rates would increase on an annual basis, in the event interest rates were to increase by one percentage point, as follows:
                                                               
 
 
June 30,
 
 
2019
 
2018
 
 
 
        (Dollars in Thousands)        
Annualized Increase in Interest Expense Due to a One Percentage Point
Increase in Interest Rates (a)
  $
    $
28
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(a) As of June 30, 2019 Blackstone had no such debt obligations payable outstanding.
 
 
 
 
 
 
Blackstone has a diversified portfolio of liquid assets to meet the liquidity needs of various businesses. This portfolio includes cash, open ended money market mutual funds, open ended bond mutual funds, marketable investment securities, freestanding derivative contracts, repurchase and reverse repurchase agreements and other investments. If interest rates were to increase by one percentage point, we estimate that our annualized investment income would decrease, offset by an estimated increase in interest income on an annual basis from interest on floating rate assets, as follows:
                                                                                                                             
 
 
June 30,
 
 
2019
 
2018
 
 
Annualized
Decrease in
Investment
Income
 
Annualized
Increase in
Interest Income
from Floating
Rate Assets
 
Annualized
Decrease in
Investment
Income
 
Annualized
Increase in
Interest Income
from Floating
Rate Assets
 
 
 
(Dollars in Thousands)
One Percentage Point
Increase in Interest Rates
  $
6,295
 (a)   $
28,423
    $
22,267
 (a)   $
23,892
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(a) As of June 30, 2019 and 2018, this represents 0.2% and 0.4% of our portfolio of liquid assets, respectively.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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Blackstone has U.S. dollar and
non-U.S.
dollar based interest rate derivatives whose future cash flows and present value may be affected by movement in their respective underlying yield curves. We estimate that as of June 30, 2019, a one percentage point increase parallel shift in global yield curves would result in the following impact on Other Revenue:
                                                               
 
 
June 30,
 
 
        2019        
 
        2018        
 
 
 
(Dollars in Thousands)
Annualized Increase in Other Revenue Due to a One Percentage Point
Increase in Interest Rates
  $
17,749
    $
19,413
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Credit Risk
Certain Blackstone Funds and the Investee Funds are subject to certain inherent risks through their investments.
Our portfolio of liquid assets contain certain credit risks including, but not limited to, exposure to uninsured deposits with financial institutions, unsecured corporate bonds and mortgage-backed securities. These exposures are actively monitored on a continuous basis and positions are reallocated based on changes in risk profile, market or economic conditions.
We estimate that our annualized investment income would decrease, if credit spreads were to increase by one percentage point, as follows:
                                                               
 
 
June 30,
 
 
        2019        
 
        2018        
 
 
 
(Dollars in Thousands)
Decrease in Annualized Investment Income Due to a One Percentage Point Increase in Credit Spreads (a)
  $
77,008
    $
36,437
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(a) As of June 30, 2019 and 2018, this represents 2.3% and 0.7% of our portfolio of liquid assets, respectively.
 
 
 
 
 
 
Certain of our entities hold derivative instruments that contain an element of risk in the event that the counterparties may be unable to meet the terms of such agreements. We minimize our risk exposure by limiting the counterparties with which we enter into contracts to banks and investment banks that meet established credit and capital guidelines. We do not expect any counterparty to default on its obligations and therefore do not expect to incur any loss due to counterparty default.
Item 4.   Controls and Procedures
We maintain “disclosure controls and procedures,” as such term is defined in Rules
 13a-15(e)
and
15d-15(e)
under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (the “Exchange Act”), that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by us in reports that we file or submit under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in Securities and Exchange Commission rules and forms, and that such information is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. In designing disclosure controls and procedures, our management necessarily was required to apply its judgment in evaluating the cost-benefit relationship of possible disclosure controls and procedures. The design of any disclosure controls and procedures also is based in part upon certain assumptions about the likelihood of future events, and there can be no assurance that any design will succeed in achieving its stated goals under all potential future conditions. Any controls and procedures, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable assurance of achieving the desired objectives.
Our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, evaluated the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures pursuant to Rule
 13a-15
under the Exchange Act as of the end of the
 
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period covered by this report. Based on that evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer have concluded that, as of the end of the period covered by this report, our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rule
 13a-15(e)
under the Exchange Act) are effective at the reasonable assurance level to accomplish their objectives of ensuring that information we are required to disclose in reports that we file or submit under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in Securities and Exchange Commission rules and forms, and that such information is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.
No change in our internal control over financial reporting (as such term is defined in Rules
 13a-15(f)
and
15d-15(f)
under the Exchange Act) occurred during our most recent quarter, that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.
Part II.    Other Information
Item 1. Legal Proceedings
We may from time to time be involved in litigation and claims incidental to the conduct of our business. Our businesses are also subject to extensive regulation, which may result in regulatory proceedings against us. See “Part I. Item 1A. Risk Factors” in our Annual Report on Form
 10-K
for the year ended December 31, 2018. We are not currently subject to any pending legal (including judicial, regulatory, administrative or arbitration) proceedings that we expect to have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements. However, given the inherent unpredictability of these types of proceedings and the potentially large and/or indeterminate amounts that could be sought, an adverse outcome in certain matters could have a material effect on Blackstone’s financial results in any particular period.
In December 2017, a purported derivative suit (
Mayberry v. KKR
 & Co., L.P., et al.
) was filed in the Commonwealth of Kentucky Franklin County Circuit Court on behalf of the Kentucky Retirement System (“KRS”) by eight of its members and beneficiaries alleging various breaches of fiduciary duty and other violations of Kentucky state law in connection with KRS’s investment in three hedge funds of funds, including a fund managed by Blackstone Alternative Asset Management L.P. (“BAAM L.P.”). The suit names more than 30 defendants, including The Blackstone Group L.P.; BAAM L.P.; Stephen A. Schwarzman, as Chairman and CEO of Blackstone; and J. Tomilson Hill, as then-President and CEO of the Hedge Fund Solutions Group, Vice Chairman of Blackstone and CEO of BAAM (collectively, the “Blackstone Defendants”). Aside from the Blackstone Defendants, the action also names current and former KRS trustees and former KRS officers and various other service providers to KRS and their related persons.
The plaintiffs filed an amended complaint in January 2018. In November 2018, the Circuit Court granted one defendant’s motion to dismiss and denied all other defendants’ motions to dismiss, including those of the Blackstone Defendants. In January 2019, certain of the KRS trustee and officer defendants noticed appeals from the denial of the motions to dismiss to the Kentucky Court of Appeals, and also filed a motion to stay the Mayberry proceedings in Circuit Court pending the outcome of those appeals. In addition, several defendants, including Blackstone and BAAM L.P., filed petitions in the Kentucky Court of Appeals for a writ of prohibition against the ongoing Mayberry proceedings on the ground that the plaintiffs lack standing. In April 2019, the KRS trustee and officer defendants’ appeals were transferred to the Kentucky Supreme Court.
On April 23, 2019, the Kentucky Court of Appeals granted the Blackstone Defendants’ petition for a writ of prohibition and vacated the Circuit Court’s November 30, 2018 Opinion and Order denying the motion to dismiss for lack of standing. On April 24, 2019, the Mayberry Plaintiffs filed a notice of appeal of that order to the Kentucky Supreme Court. The appeal is scheduled to be fully briefed by August 13, 2019.
Blackstone believes that this suit is totally without merit and intends to defend it vigorously.
 
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Item 1A. Risk Factors
For a discussion of our other potential risks and uncertainties, see the information under the heading “Risk Factors” in our Annual Report on Form
 10-K
for the year ended December 31, 2018, in our Quarterly Report on Form
 10-Q
for the quarter ended March 31, 2019 and in our subsequently filed Quarterly Reports on Form
 10-Q,
all of which are accessible on the Securities and Exchange Commission’s website at www.sec.gov.
See “Part I. Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations — Business Environment” in this report for a discussion of the conditions in the financial markets and economic conditions affecting our businesses. This discussion updates, and should be read together with, the risk factor entitled “Difficult market conditions can adversely affect our business in many ways, including by reducing the value or performance of the investments made by our investment funds and reducing the ability of our investment funds to raise or deploy capital, each of which could materially reduce our revenue, earnings and cash flow and adversely affect our financial prospects and condition.” in our Annual Report on Form
 10-K
for the year ended December 31, 2018.
The risks described, in our Annual Report on Form
 10-K,
in our Quarterly report on Form
 10-Q
for the quarter ended March 31, 2019 and in our subsequently filed Quarterly Reports on Form
 10-Q,
are not the only risks facing us. Additional risks and uncertainties not currently known to us or that we currently deem to be immaterial also may materially adversely affect our business, financial condition and/or operating results.
Item 2.    Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds
The following table sets forth information regarding repurchases of our common units during the quarter ended June 30, 2019:
                                 
Period
 
    Total Number    
of Units
Purchased
 
Average
    Price Paid    
per Unit
 
    Total Number of Units    
Purchased as Part of
Publicly Announced
Plans or Programs (a)
 
  Approximate Dollar  
Value of Units that
May Yet Be Purchased
Under the Program
  (Dollars in Thousands) (a)  
Apr. 1 - Apr. 30, 2019
   
367,988
    $
40.18
     
367,988
    $
391,565
 
May 1 - May 31, 2019
   
2,663,934
    $
39.93
     
2,663,934
    $
285,187
 
Jun. 1 - Jun. 30, 2019 (b)
   
3,923,963
    $
43.26
     
3,923,963
    $
115,417
 
                                 
 
   
6,955,885
     
 
     
6,955,885
     
 
 
                                 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(a) On April 16, 2018, the board of directors of our general partner, Blackstone Group Management L.L.C., authorized the repurchase of up to $1.0 billion of Blackstone common units and Blackstone Holdings Partnership Units. On July 16, 2019, the board of directors of the Corporation authorized the repurchase of up to $1.0 billion of Class A Common Stock and Blackstone Holdings Partnership Units, which authorization replaced the prior authorization. Under the repurchase program, stock may be repurchased from time to time in open market transactions, in privately negotiated transactions or otherwise. The timing and the actual number of stock repurchased will depend on a variety of factors, including legal requirements, price and economic and market conditions. The repurchase program may be changed, suspended or discontinued at any time and does not have a specified expiration date. See “Part I. Item 1. Financial Statements – Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements – Note 15. Net Income Per Common Unit” and “Part I. Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations – Liquidity and Capital Resources – Sources and Uses of Liquidity” for further information regarding this repurchase program.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(b) Common units repurchased includes units for which trades were executed during the three months ended June 30, 2019 and settlement occurred in July 2019.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
As permitted by our policies and procedures governing transactions in our securities by our directors, executive officers and other employees, from time to time some of these persons may establish plans or
 
137
 
 
 
Table of Contents
 
arrangements complying with Rule
 10b5-1
 
under the Exchange Act, and similar plans and arrangements relating to our common units and Blackstone Holdings Partnership Units.
Item 3.    Defaults Upon Senior Securities
Not applicable.
Item 4.    Mine Safety Disclosures
Not applicable.
Item 5.    Other Information
None.
Item 6.    Exhibits
         
Exhibit
Number
   
Exhibit Description
         
 
3.1
   
         
 
3.2
   
         
 
3.3
   
         
 
4.1
   
         
 
4.2
   
         
 
10.1+*
   
         
 
10.2+*
   
         
 
10.3+*
   
         
 
10.4+*
   
         
 
10.5+*
   
 
 
 
138
 
 
 
 
         
         
 
10.6+*
   
         
 
10.7+*
   
         
 
10.8+*
   
         
 
10.9+*
   
         
 
10.10+*
   
         
 
31.1*
   
         
 
31.2*
   
         
 
32.1*
   
         
 
32.2*
   
         
 
101.INS*
   
XBRL Instance Document – the instance document does not appear in the Interactive Data File because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document.
         
 
101.SCH*
   
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document.
         
 
101.CAL*
   
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document.
         
 
101.DEF*
   
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document.
         
 
101.LAB*
   
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document.
         
 
101.PRE*
   
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document.
         
 
104.
   
Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as Inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101).
 
 
 
* Filed herewith.
 
 
+ Management contract or compensatory plan or arrangement in which directors or executive officers are eligible to participate.
 
 
The agreements and other documents filed as exhibits to this report are not intended to provide factual information or other disclosure other than with respect to the terms of the agreements or other documents themselves, and you should not rely on them for that purpose. In particular, any representations and warranties made by us in these agreements or other documents were made solely within the specific context of the relevant agreement or document and may not describe the actual state of affairs as of the date they were made or at any other time.
 
139
 
 
 
 
Signatures
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.
Date:    August 8, 2019
     
The Blackstone Group Inc.
 
/s/ Michael S. Chae
Name:
 
Michael S. Chae
Title:
 
Chief Financial Officer
 
(Principal Financial Officer and
 
Authorized Signatory)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
140