Blend Labs, Inc. - Quarter Report: 2023 September (Form 10-Q)

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

(Mark One)


☒			QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended September 30, 2023


☐			TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For transition period from to

Commission File Number 001-40599

BLEND LABS, INC.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)


Delaware						45-5211045
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)						(I.R.S. Employer Identification Number)

415 Kearny Street

San Francisco, California 94108

(650) 550-4810

(Address, including zip code, and telephone number, including area code, of registrant’s principal executive offices)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class

Trading Symbol(s)

Name of each exchange on which registered

Class A common stock, par value $0.00001 per share

BLND

New York Stock Exchange

Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the Registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the Registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.


Large accelerated filer	☐	Accelerated filer	☒
Non-accelerated filer	☐	Smaller reporting company	☐
		Emerging growth company	☒

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act): Yes ☐ No ☒

As of October 31, 2023, there were 238,409,651 shares of the registrant's Class A common stock outstanding, 9,789,290 shares of the registrant's Class B common stock outstanding, and no shares of the registrant's Class C common stock outstanding.

Table of Contents


		Page
	PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION	1
Item 1.	Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)	1
	Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets	1
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income (Loss)	2
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Redeemable Noncontrolling Interest and Stockholders’ Equity	3
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows	5
	Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements	6
Item 2.	Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	29
Item 3.	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk	44
Item 4.	Controls and Procedures	45
	PART II. OTHER INFORMATION	46
Item 1.	Legal Proceedings	46
Item 1A.	Risk Factors	47
Item 2.	Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds	98
Item 3.	Defaults Upon Senior Securities	98
Item 4.	Mine Safety Disclosures	98
Item 5.	Other Information	98
Item 6.	Exhibits	99
Signatures		100

SPECIAL NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”), and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), which statements involve substantial risks and uncertainties. Forward-looking statements generally relate to future events or our future financial or operating performance. In some cases, you can identify forward-looking statements because they contain words such as “may,” “will,” “should,” “expect,” “plan,” “anticipate,” “could,” “would,” “intend,” “target,” “project,” “contemplate,” “believe,” “estimate,” “predict,” “potential” or “continue” or the negative of these words or other similar terms or expressions that concern our expectations, strategy, plans or intentions. Forward-looking statements contained in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q include, but are not limited to, statements about:

•changes in economic conditions, especially those affecting the levels of real estate and mortgage activity, such as mortgage interest rates, credit availability, real estate prices, inflation, and consumer confidence;

•our future financial performance, including our expectations regarding our revenue, cost of revenue, operating expenses, targeted reduction in operating loss and plans for future operations, expense reductions and costs savings, our ability to determine reserves, and our ability to achieve and maintain future profitability;

•our market position, growth opportunities and our ability to successfully execute our business and growth strategy;

•the sufficiency of our cash, cash equivalents, and marketable securities to meet our liquidity needs;

•the demand for our products and services;

•our ability to increase our transaction volume and to attract and retain customers;

•our ability to integrate more marketplaces into our end-to-end consumer journeys;

•our ability to develop new products, services, and features and bring them to market in a timely manner;

•our ability to make enhancements to our current products;

•our ability to compete with existing and new competitors in existing and new markets and offerings;

•our ability to successfully acquire and integrate companies and assets, including our ability to integrate Title365 with our operations;

•the impairment of certain assets arising from our acquisition of Title365;

•our ability to maintain the security and availability of our platform;

•our expectations regarding the effects of existing and developing laws and regulations, including with respect to taxation, privacy, information security, and data protection;

•our ability to manage risk associated with our business;

•our expectations regarding new and evolving markets;

•our ability to develop and protect our brand and reputation;

•our expectations and management of future growth;

•our expectations concerning relationships with third parties;

•our ability to attract and retain employees and key personnel;

•our ability to service our existing debt;

•our ability to maintain, protect, and enhance our intellectual property; and

•the increased expenses associated with being a public company.

We caution you that the foregoing list may not contain all of the forward-looking statements made in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.

You should not rely upon forward-looking statements as predictions of future events. We have based the forward-looking statements contained in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q primarily on our current expectations and projections about future events and trends that we believe may affect our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects. The outcome of the events described in these forward-looking statements is subject to risks, uncertainties, and other factors, including those described in the section titled “Risk Factors” and elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. Our Risk Factors are not guarantees that no such conditions exist as of the date of this report and should not be interpreted as an affirmative statement that such risks or conditions have not materialized, in whole or in part. Moreover, we operate in a very competitive and rapidly changing environment. New risks and uncertainties emerge from time to time and it is not possible for us to predict all risks and uncertainties that could have an impact on the forward-looking statements contained in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. We cannot assure you that the results, events and circumstances reflected in the forward-looking statements will be achieved or occur, and actual results, events or circumstances could differ materially from those described in the forward-looking statements.

Neither we nor any other person assumes responsibility for the accuracy and completeness of any of these forward-looking statements. Moreover, the forward-looking statements made in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q relate only to events as of the date on which the statements are made. We undertake no obligation to update any forward-looking statements made in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q to reflect events or circumstances after the date of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q or to reflect new information or the occurrence of unanticipated events, except as required by law. We may not actually achieve the plans, intentions or expectations disclosed in our forward-looking statements, and you should not place undue reliance on our forward-looking statements. Our forward-looking statements do not reflect the potential impact of any future acquisitions, mergers, dispositions, joint ventures or investments we may make.

In addition, statements that “we believe” and similar statements reflect our beliefs and opinions on the relevant subject. These statements are based upon information available to us as of the date of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, and while we believe such information forms a reasonable basis for such statements, such information may be limited or incomplete, and our statements should not be read to indicate that we have conducted an exhaustive inquiry into, or review of, all potentially available relevant information. These statements are inherently uncertain and investors are cautioned not to unduly rely upon these statements.

PART I - FINANCIAL INFORMATION

ITEM 1. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Blend Labs, Inc.

Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets

(In thousands, except per share amounts)

(Unaudited)


	September 30, 2023		December 31, 2022
Assets
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	84,555	$	124,199
Marketable securities and other investments	160,406		229,948
Trade and other receivables, net of allowance for credit losses of $198 and $436, respectively	19,583		22,718
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	18,645		19,231
Total current assets	283,189		396,096
Property and equipment, net	4,451		5,742
Operating lease right-of-use assets	9,411		11,668
Intangible assets, net	2,114		2,127
Deferred contract costs	2,233		1,691
Restricted cash, non-current	7,294		5,358
Other non-current assets	9,662		10,082
Total assets	$	318,354	$	432,764
Liabilities, Redeemable Noncontrolling Interest and Stockholders’ Equity
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable	$	2,121	$	1,260
Deferred revenue	10,056		8,695
Accrued compensation	9,867		10,059
Other current liabilities	14,768		15,459
Total current liabilities	36,812		35,473
Operating lease liabilities, non-current	8,135		11,091
Other non-current liabilities	3,356		5,478
Debt, non-current, net	219,005		216,801
Total liabilities	267,308		268,843
Commitments and contingencies (Note 8)
Redeemable noncontrolling interest	44,754		40,749
Stockholders’ equity:
Preferred stock, $0.00001 par value: 200,000 shares authorized and no shares issued and outstanding as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022	—		—
Class A, Class B and Class C Common Stock, $0.00001 par value: 3,000,000 (Class A 1,800,000, Class B 600,000, Class C 600,000) shares authorized; 247,946 (Class A 238,045, Class B 9,901, Class C 0) and 240,931 (Class A 230,210, Class B 10,721, Class C 0) shares issued and outstanding as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively	2		2
Additional paid-in capital	1,318,037		1,286,815
Accumulated other comprehensive loss	(402)		(708)
Accumulated deficit	(1,311,345)		(1,162,937)
Total stockholders’ equity	6,292		123,172
Total liabilities, redeemable noncontrolling interest and stockholders’ equity	$	318,354	$	432,764

See accompanying notes to condensed consolidated financial statements

Blend Labs, Inc.

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income (Loss)

(In thousands, except per share amounts)

(Unaudited)


	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2023		2022		2023		2022
Revenue
Software	$	26,505	$	28,161	$	77,590	$	90,345
Professional services	2,137		1,808		6,087		5,801
Title	11,949		25,384		37,065		96,270
Total revenue	40,591		55,353		120,742		192,416
Cost of revenue
Software	5,675		6,809		16,964		24,151
Professional services	2,937		3,084		8,448		11,371
Title	9,916		24,350		33,921		81,650
Total cost of revenue	18,528		34,243		59,333		117,172
Gross profit	22,063		21,110		61,409		75,244
Operating expenses:
Research and development	18,826		34,240		67,174		104,846
Sales and marketing	14,494		20,518		48,190		65,297
General and administrative	15,819		32,140		56,146		105,714
Amortization of acquired intangible assets	—		275		—		8,411
Impairment of intangible assets and goodwill	—		57,857		—		449,680
Restructuring	9,122		5,936		24,254		12,316
Total operating expenses	58,261		150,966		195,764		746,264
Loss from operations	(36,198)		(129,856)		(134,355)		(671,020)
Interest expense	(8,210)		(6,158)		(23,726)		(17,442)
Other income (expense), net	2,632		3,281		8,746		3,378
Loss before income taxes	(41,776)		(132,733)		(149,335)		(685,084)
Income tax (expense) benefit	(44)		(14)		(168)		2,717
Net loss	(41,820)		(132,747)		(149,503)		(682,367)
Less: Net loss attributable to noncontrolling interest	60		6,619		1,095		42,764
Net loss attributable to Blend Labs, Inc.	(41,760)		(126,128)		(148,408)		(639,603)
Less: Accretion of redeemable noncontrolling interest to redemption value	(1,452)		(7,847)		(5,100)		(46,297)
Net loss attributable to Blend Labs, Inc. common stockholders	$	(43,212)	$	(133,975)	$	(153,508)	$	(685,900)

Net loss per share attributable to Blend Labs, Inc. common stockholders:
Basic and diluted	$	(0.18)	$	(0.57)	$	(0.63)	$	(2.95)
Weighted average shares used in calculating net loss per share:
Basic and diluted	246,410		235,267		244,057		232,717

Comprehensive loss:
Net loss	$	(41,820)	$	(132,747)	$	(149,503)	$	(682,367)
Unrealized gain (loss) on marketable securities	181		835		229		(1,512)
Foreign currency translation gain	106		55		77		160
Comprehensive loss	(41,533)		(131,857)		(149,197)		(683,719)
Less: Comprehensive loss attributable to noncontrolling interest	60		6,619		1,095		42,764
Comprehensive loss attributable to Blend Labs, Inc.	$	(41,473)	$	(125,238)	$	(148,102)	$	(640,955)

See accompanying notes to condensed consolidated financial statements

Blend Labs, Inc.

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Redeemable Noncontrolling Interest and Stockholders’ Equity

(In thousands)

(Unaudited)



	Redeemable Noncontrolling Interest		Common Stock		Additional Paid-In Capital			Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)		Accumulated Deficit		Total Stockholders’ Equity

				Shares			Amount
Balances as of December 31, 2022	$	40,749		240,931	$	2		$	1,286,815	$	(708)	$	(1,162,937)	$	123,172
Issuance of common stock upon exercise of stock options, net of repurchases	—			17	—			134		—		—		134
Vesting of early exercised stock options	—			—	—			758		—		—		758
Vesting of restricted stock units	—			4,228	—			—		—		—		—
Shares withheld related to net share settlement of equity awards	—			(1,568)	—			(2,440)		—		—		(2,440)
Stock-based compensation	—			—	—			16,392		—		—		16,392
Unrealized gain on investments in marketable securities	—			—	—			—		821		—		821
Foreign currency translation loss	—			—	—			—		(18)		—		(18)
Accretion of redeemable noncontrolling interest to redemption value	2,056			—	—			(2,056)		—		—		(2,056)
Net loss	(777)			—	—			—		—		(65,417)		(65,417)
Balances as of March 31, 2023	42,028			243,608	2			1,299,603		95		(1,228,354)		71,346
Vesting of early exercised stock options	—			—	—			256		—		—		256
Vesting of restricted stock units	—			3,304	—			—		—		—		—
Shares withheld related to net share settlement of equity awards	—			(1,137)	—			(1,092)		—		—		(1,092)
Stock-based compensation	—			—	—			14,364		—		—		14,364
Unrealized loss on investments in marketable securities	—			—	—			—		(773)		—		(773)
Foreign currency translation loss	—			—	—			—		(11)		—		(11)
Accretion of redeemable noncontrolling interest to redemption value	1,592			—	—			(1,592)		—		—		(1,592)
Net loss	(258)			—	—			—		—		(41,231)		(41,231)
Balances as of June 30, 2023	43,362			245,775	2			1,311,539		(689)		(1,269,585)		41,267
Issuance of common stock upon exercise of stock options, net of repurchases	—			32	—			3		—		—		3
Vesting of early exercised stock options	—			—	—			230		—		—		230
Vesting of restricted stock units	—			3,242	—			—		—		—		—
Shares withheld related to net share settlement of equity awards	—			(1,103)	—			(1,325)		—		—		(1,325)
Stock-based compensation	—			—	—			9,042		—		—		9,042
Unrealized gain on investments in marketable securities	—			—	—			—		181		—		181
Foreign currency translation gain	—			—	—			—		106		—		106
Accretion of redeemable noncontrolling interest to redemption value	1,452			—	—			(1,452)		—		—		(1,452)
Net loss	(60)			—	—			—		—		(41,760)		(41,760)
Balances as of September 30, 2023	$	44,754		247,946	$	2		$	1,318,037	$	(402)	$	(1,311,345)	$	6,292

See accompanying notes to condensed consolidated financial statements

Blend Labs, Inc.

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Redeemable Noncontrolling Interest and Stockholders’ Equity (Continued)

(In thousands)

(Unaudited)


	Three and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2022
	Redeemable Noncontrolling Interest		Common Stock		Additional Paid-In Capital			Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)		Accumulated Deficit		Total Stockholders’ Equity

				Shares			Amount
Balances as of December 31, 2021	$	35,949		230,324	$	2		$	1,218,213	$	(808)	$	(442,765)	$	774,642
Issuance of common stock upon exercise of stock options, net of repurchases	—			1,553	—			1,740		—		—		1,740
Vesting of early exercised stock options	—			—	—			1,913		—		—		1,913
Vesting of restricted stock units	—			523	—			—		—		—		—
Stock-based compensation	—			—	—			24,312		—		—		24,312
Unrealized loss on investments in marketable securities	—			—	—			—		(1,845)		—		(1,845)
Foreign currency translation gain	—			—	—			—		28		—		28
Accretion of redeemable noncontrolling interest to redemption value	1,442			—	—			(1,442)		—		—		(1,442)
Other	—			—	—			(270)		—		—		(270)
Net loss	(314)			—	—			—		—		(72,104)		(72,104)
Balances as of March 31, 2022	37,077			232,400	2			1,244,466		(2,625)		(514,869)		726,974
Issuance of common stock upon exercise of stock options, net of repurchases	—			524	—			540		—		—		540
Vesting of early exercised stock options	—			—	—			1,230		—		—		1,230
Vesting of restricted stock units	—			1,871	—			—		—		—		—
Stock-based compensation	—			—	—			29,248		—		—		29,248
Unrealized loss on investments in marketable securities	—			—	—			—		(502)		—		(502)
Foreign currency translation gain	—			—	—			—		77		—		77
Accretion of redeemable noncontrolling interest to redemption value	37,008			—	—			(37,008)		—		—		(37,008)
Net loss	(35,831)			—	—			—		—		(441,371)		(441,371)
Balances as of June 30, 2022	38,254			234,795	2			1,238,476		(3,050)		(956,240)		279,188
Issuance of common stock upon exercise of stock options, net of repurchases	—			533	—			982		—		—		982
Vesting of early exercised stock options	—			—	—			530		—		—		530
Vesting of restricted stock units	—			2,249	—			—		—		—		—
Stock-based compensation	—			—	—			27,951		—		—		27,951
Unrealized loss on investments in marketable securities	—			—	—			—		835		—		835
Foreign currency translation gain	—			—	—			—		55		—		55
Accretion of redeemable noncontrolling interest to redemption value	7,847			—	—			(7,847)		—		—		(7,847)
Net loss	(6,619)			—	—			—		—		(126,128)		(126,128)
Balances as of September 30, 2022	$	39,482		237,577	$	2		$	1,260,092	$	(2,160)	$	(1,082,368)	$	175,566

See accompanying notes to condensed consolidated financial statements

Blend Labs, Inc.

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows

(In thousands)

(Unaudited)


	Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2023		2022
Operating activities
Net loss	$	(149,503)	$	(682,367)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities:
Stock-based compensation	39,798		81,511
Depreciation and amortization	1,856		10,153
Impairment of intangible assets and goodwill	—		449,680
Amortization of deferred contract costs	2,427		3,560
Amortization of debt discount and issuance costs	2,279		2,187
Amortization of operating lease right-of-use assets	2,450		2,661
Release of valuation allowance and change in deferred taxes	—		(2,864)
Gain on investment in equity securities	—		(2,884)
Other	(4,657)		1,960
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Trade and other receivables	3,029		7,162
Prepaid expenses and other assets, current and non-current	(1,496)		3,824
Deferred contract costs, non-current	(542)		2,222
Accounts payable	861		(3,610)
Deferred revenue	1,361		1,891
Accrued compensation	(192)		(4,387)
Operating lease liabilities	(2,944)		(2,663)
Other liabilities, current and non-current	(1,657)		(11,121)
Net cash used in operating activities	(106,930)		(143,085)
Investing activities
Purchases of marketable securities	(203,281)		(96,218)
Maturities of marketable securities	277,855		139,872
Additions to property, equipment, internal-use software and intangible assets	(505)		(1,610)
Net cash provided by investing activities	74,069		42,044
Financing activities
Proceeds from exercises of stock options, including early exercises, net of repurchases	20		2,570
Taxes paid related to net share settlement of equity awards	(4,857)		—
Payment of initial public offering costs	—		(391)
Net cash (used in) provided by financing activities	(4,837)		2,179
Effect of exchange rates on cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash	(10)		160
Net decrease in cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash	(37,708)		(98,702)
Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash at beginning of period	129,557		218,440
Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash at end of period	$	91,849	$	119,738
Reconciliation of cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash within the consolidated balance sheets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	84,555	$	114,380
Restricted cash	7,294		5,358
Total cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash	$	91,849	$	119,738
Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information:
Cash paid for income taxes	$	48	$	190
Cash paid for interest	$	21,464	$	18,558
Supplemental disclosure of non-cash investing and financing activities:
Vesting of early exercised stock options	$	1,244	$	3,673
Operating lease liabilities arising from obtaining new or modified right-of-use assets	$	327	$	977
Accretion of redeemable noncontrolling interest to redemption value	$	5,100	$	46,297

See accompanying notes to condensed consolidated financial statements

Blend Labs, Inc.

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

(Unaudited)

1. Description of Business and Basis of Presentation

Description of Business

Blend Labs, Inc. (the “Company,” “Blend,” “we,” “us,” or “our”) was incorporated on April 17, 2012. The Company offers a cloud-based software platform for financial services firms that is designed to power the end-to-end consumer journey for banking products. The Company’s solutions make the journey from application to close fast, simple, and transparent for consumers, while helping financial services firms increase productivity, deepen customer relationships, and deliver exceptional consumer experiences.

Basis of Presentation and Principles of Consolidation

The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheets as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the unaudited condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss) for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, the unaudited condensed consolidated statements of redeemable noncontrolling interest and stockholders’ equity for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, and the unaudited condensed consolidated statements of cash flows for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022 reflect all adjustments that are of a normal, recurring nature and that are considered necessary for a fair statement of the results for the periods shown in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”) and the applicable rules and regulations of the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) for interim financial reporting periods. Accordingly, certain information and footnote disclosures have been condensed or omitted that would ordinarily be required under U.S. GAAP for complete financial statements. These unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements and notes thereto included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022.

The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Blend Labs, Inc. and its subsidiaries in which the Company holds a controlling financial interest. On June 30, 2021 we acquired 90.1% ownership of Title365, a leading title insurance agency that offers title, escrow and other trustee services. Noncontrolling interest represents the minority stockholder’s share of the net income or loss and equity in Title365. All intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.

Segment Information

In March 2023, the Company changed its reporting segments to align with how the Company’s Chief Operating Decision Maker (“CODM”) reviews financial information in order to allocate resources and assess performance. As the result of this change, the Company’s digitally-enabled title component (previously referred to as “software-enabled” title component) was reclassified from the Blend Platform segment to Title segment (previously referred to as “Title365” segment). In addition, the Company revised its revenue disaggregation within the Blend Platform segment. Prior period amounts reported in the unaudited condensed consolidated interim financial statements and notes thereto have been reclassified to conform to current period presentation.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of condensed consolidated financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make, on an ongoing basis, estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the condensed consolidated financial statements and the notes thereto. Actual results may differ from those estimates. Such estimates include, but are not limited to, estimates of variable consideration, evaluation of contingencies, determination of the incremental borrowing rates used in calculations of lease liabilities, determination of fair value of stock-based compensation, determination of fair value of warrants, valuation of deferred tax assets, valuation of acquired intangible assets, valuation of the redeemable noncontrolling interest, determination of useful lives of tangible and intangible assets, assessment of impairment of goodwill and intangible assets, and the valuation of equity securities without readily determinable fair value.

Risks and Uncertainties

The Company has been and may continue to be affected by various macroeconomic factors, including interest rate environment, housing affordability, and worldwide political and economic conditions. The global financial markets have recently experienced

Blend Labs, Inc.

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

(Unaudited)

extreme volatility and disruptions, including diminished liquidity and credit availability, declines in consumer confidence, declines in economic growth, rising interest rates, inflation, increases in unemployment rates and uncertainty about economic stability. The real estate environment, including interest rates and the general economic environment, typically impacts the demand for mortgage and mortgage related products. Recent changes in these areas have impacted the Company’s results of operations. Purchase volume and refinance activity were strong in 2021 and 2020 relative to historical averages over the preceding decade; however, an increase in interest rates due to efforts by the Federal Reserve to manage rising inflation, combined with ongoing supply constraints, resulted in a decline in mortgage origination activity for 2022, which has continued into 2023, and could bring further reductions in future periods.

The Company’s operations are principally funded by available liquidity from cash, cash equivalents and investments. The Company has incurred net losses in each period since inception, and its limited operating history in an evolving industry makes it difficult to accurately forecast the impact of macroeconomic or other external factors on its business and may increase the risk that the Company may not be able to achieve or maintain profitability in the future, or otherwise suffers adverse impacts on its operational and financial results.

2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

The Company’s significant accounting policies are described in Note 2, Summary of Significant Accounting Policies, of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements in its Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022. There have been no significant changes to these policies during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023.

Cash and Cash Equivalents

The Company places its cash with high credit quality and federally insured institutions. Cash with any one institution may be in excess of federally insured limits. The Company has not experienced any losses in such accounts and believes the exposure to credit risk is not significant. The Company considers all highly liquid investments with an original maturity date of three months or less at the time of purchase to be cash equivalents. As of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, cash and cash equivalents consisted of cash, money market accounts, and highly liquid investments with original maturities less than 90 days. The carrying amounts reported in the unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheets for cash and cash equivalents approximate fair value due to the short-term nature of the investments.

Restricted Cash

The Company has classified cash that is not available for use in its operations as restricted cash. Restricted cash consists primarily of collateral for letters of credit related to security deposits for the Company’s office facility lease arrangements and collateral for surety bonds related to the Title segment. As of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the Company had restricted cash of $7.3 million and $5.4 million, respectively, all of which was classified as non-current.

Trade and Other Receivables and Credit Loss Reserves

The Company reports trade and other receivables net of the allowance for credit losses, in accordance with Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 326, Financial Instruments—Credit Losses. ASC 326 requires an entity to recognize an allowance that reflects the entity’s current estimate of credit losses expected to be incurred over the life of the financial instrument. The Company’s estimate of expected credit losses is determined based on expected lifetime loss rates calculated from historical data and adjusted for the impact of current and future conditions, such as the age of outstanding receivables, historical payment patterns, any known or expected changes to the customers’ ability to fulfill their payment obligations, or assessment of broader economic conditions that may impact the customers’ ability to pay the outstanding balances. As of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the reserve for expected credit losses was $0.2 million and $0.4 million, respectively. The provision for expected credit losses and the uncollectible portion of the receivables written off against reserve for expected credit losses were not material for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022.

Blend Labs, Inc.

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

(Unaudited)

Concentrations of Credit Risk and Significant Customers

Financial instruments that potentially subject the Company to concentrations of credit risk consist primarily of cash and cash equivalents, restricted cash, marketable securities, and trade accounts receivable. The Company maintains its cash equivalents primarily in money market funds and highly liquid investments. As of September 30, 2023, cash and cash equivalents of $84.6 million include $1.8 million cash held in a foreign jurisdiction. As of December 31, 2022, cash and cash equivalents of $124.2 million include $1.3 million of cash held in a foreign jurisdiction. Under its investment policy, the Company limits amounts invested in marketable securities by credit rating, maturity, industry group, investment type and issuer, except for securities issued by the United States government. The Company is not exposed to any significant concentrations of credit risk from these financial instruments. The goals of the Company’s investment policy, in order of priority, are safety and preservation of principal and liquidity of investments sufficient to meet cash flow requirements. Collateral is not required for trade accounts receivable.

Title365 has agreements with insurance underwriters authorizing the Company to issue title insurance policies on behalf of the insurance underwriters. The policies are underwritten by two title insurance companies, which accounted for approximately 70% and 30% during the nine months ended September 30, 2023, and 56% and 44% during the nine months ended September 30, 2022, respectively, of title policy fees earned during the period.

The following customer, which generates revenue in both Blend Platform and Title segments, comprised 10% or more of the Company’s revenue for the following periods:


	Three Months Ended September 30,		Nine Months Ended September 30,
Customer	2023	2022	2023	2022
A	18%	26%	19%	31%

The following customers comprised 10% or more of the Company’s trade and unbilled receivables:


Customer	September 30, 2023	December 31, 2022
A	11%	12%
B	8%	10%

Redeemable Noncontrolling Interest

The Company’s 90.1% ownership of Title365 results in recognition of 9.9% noncontrolling interest, which represents the minority stockholder’s share of the net income and equity in Title365. The Title365 stockholders agreement includes a provision whereby the Company has a call option to purchase the 9.9% noncontrolling interest at a purchase price equal to the greater of (1) $49.5 million plus an amount of interest calculated using an interest rate of 5.0% per annum compounding annually; or (2) 4.4 multiplied by the trailing 12-month EBITDA multiplied by the noncontrolling interest ownership percentage (the “Title365 Call Option”). The Title365 Call Option is exercisable beginning 2 years following the acquisition closing date. The noncontrolling interest holder also holds an option to compel the Company to purchase the remaining 9.9% noncontrolling interest at a price calculated in the same manner as the Title365 Call Option (the “Title365 Put Option”). The Title365 Put Option is exercisable beginning 5 years following the acquisition closing date. Neither the Title365 Call Option nor the Title365 Put Option have an expiration date. However, pursuant to the Title365 stockholders agreement, the Company also has certain bring-along rights that it can exercise under certain circumstances, which may result in the Title365 Put Option being extinguished. As the Title365 Put Option is not solely within the Company’s control, the Company classified this interest as redeemable noncontrolling interest (“RNCI”) within the mezzanine equity section of the unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheets. The RNCI is accreted to the redemption value under the interest method from the acquisition date through the date the Title365 Put Option becomes exercisable. At each balance sheet date, the RNCI is reported at the greater of the initial carrying amount adjusted for the RNCI's share of earnings or losses and other comprehensive income or loss, or its accreted redemption value. The changes in the redemption amount are recorded with corresponding adjustments against retained earnings or, in the absence of retained earnings, additional paid-in-capital. For each reporting period, the entire periodic change in the redemption amount is reflected in the computation of net loss per share under the two-class method as being akin to a

Blend Labs, Inc.

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

(Unaudited)

dividend. As of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the redemption amount of the Title365 Put Option as if it was currently redeemable was $55.1 million and $53.2 million, respectively.

JOBS Act Accounting Election

As an emerging growth company (“EGC”), the Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act (“JOBS Act”) allows the Company to delay adoption of new or revised accounting pronouncements applicable to public companies until such pronouncements are applicable to private companies (that is, those that have not had a Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”), registration statement declared effective or do not have a class of securities registered under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”)). The Company intends to use this extended transition period under the JOBS Act until such time as the Company is no longer considered to be an EGC. The adoption dates discussed below reflect this election.

Recently Adopted Accounting Standards

In March 2020, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued ASU No. 2020-04, Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848), with amendments in 2021. This update provides optional expedients and exceptions for applying U.S. GAAP to contracts, hedging relationships, and other transactions affected by the discontinuation of London Interbank Offered Rate (“LIBOR”) or by another reference rate expected to be discontinued. Under this update, contract modifications related to reference rate reform may be considered an event that does not require remeasurement or reassessment of a previous accounting determination at the modification date. The guidance in ASU 2020-04 is optional and may be elected over time as reference rate reform activities occur. In October 2022, the Company entered into the first amendment to the Credit Agreement (as defined in Note 10, “Debt Financing”), which replaced the reference rate from LIBOR to the Secured Overnight Financing Rate ("SOFR") as a result of the expected cessation of LIBOR and adopted ASU 2020-04 and elected the optional expedient. The adoption did not have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

In October 2021, the FASB issued ASU No. 2021-08, Business Combinations: Accounting for Contract Assets and Contract Liabilities with Customers (Topic 805). This guidance requires an acquirer in a business combination to use principles in ASC 606 to recognize and measure contract assets and liabilities rather than fair value. The Company adopted ASU No. 2021-08 on January 1, 2023. The adoption did not have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

Recently Issued Accounting Standards Not Yet Adopted

In August 2020, the FASB issued ASU No. 2020-06, Debt—Debt with Conversion and Other Options (Subtopic 470-20) and Derivatives and Hedging—Contracts in Entity’s Own Equity (Subtopic 815-40). The guidance simplifies the accounting for convertible debt instruments and convertible preferred stock by removing the existing guidance in ASC 470-20 that requires entities to account for beneficial conversion features and cash conversion features in equity separately from the host convertible debt or preferred stock. The guidance is effective for the Company for annual reporting periods, and interim reporting periods within those annual periods, beginning January 1, 2024. ASU 2020-06 should be applied on a full or modified retrospective basis and early adoption is permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the impact this ASU will have on its consolidated financial statements.

In June 2022, the FASB issued ASU No. 2022-03, Fair Value Measurement (Topic 820). This update clarifies the guidance in Topic 820 when measuring the fair value of an equity security subject to contractual restrictions that prohibit the sale of an equity security and introduces new disclosure requirements for equity securities subject to contractual sale restrictions that are measured at fair value in accordance with Topic 820. The amendments affect all entities that have investments in equity securities measured at fair value that are subject to a contractual sale restriction. The guidance is effective for the Company for annual reporting periods, and interim reporting periods within those annual periods, beginning January 1, 2024. Early adoption is permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the impact this ASU will have on its consolidated financial statements.

3. Revenue Recognition and Contract Costs

Disaggregation of Revenue

The following table provides information about disaggregated revenue by service offering:

Blend Labs, Inc.

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

(Unaudited)


	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2023		2022		2023		2022
	(In thousands)
Blend Platform revenue:
Mortgage Suite	$	20,306	$	22,897	$	60,371	$	76,627
Consumer Banking Suite	6,199		5,264		17,219		13,718
Total Software revenue	26,505		28,161		77,590		90,345
Professional services	2,137		1,808		6,087		5,801
Total Blend Platform revenue	28,642		29,969		83,677		96,146
Title revenue:
Traditional	8,701		19,303		27,492		89,895
Digitally-enabled	3,248		6,081		9,573		6,375
Total Title revenue	11,949		25,384		37,065		96,270
Total revenue	$	40,591	$	55,353	$	120,742	$	192,416

In the first quarter of 2023, the Company recast its revenue disaggregation to align with the change in how the Company’s CODM reviews financial information. This change was driven by the introduction of Composable Origination, which gives customers the ability to build custom solutions using the Blend Builder Platform (a software platform within the Blend Platform segment), or configure workflows with pre-built solutions such as Instant Home Equity, Deposit Accounts, Credit Cards, and others.

Within the new disaggregation, Mortgage Suite revenue represents revenue related to mortgage transactions processed through the Company’s software platform, ancillary product revenue (income verification and close products), and marketplace revenue (property and casualty insurance). Consumer Banking Suite revenue represents revenue related to the Company’s consumer banking products including personal loans, credit cards, deposit accounts, and home equity. Professional Services revenue represents revenue related to the deployment of the Company’s software platform, client support and consulting services. Title revenue represents revenue related to title (traditional and digitally-enabled), escrow and other closing and settlement services provided by the Title segment. Prior period amounts have been reclassified to conform to current period presentation.

Contract Balances

The following table provides information about contract assets and contract liabilities from contracts with customers:


Contract Accounts	Balance Sheet Line Reference	September 30, 2023		December 31, 2022
		(In thousands)
Contract assets—current	Prepaid expenses and other current assets	$	407	$	1,252
Contract liabilities—current	Deferred revenue, current	$	(10,056)	$	(8,695)

There were no long-term contract assets or deferred revenue as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022.

During the three months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, the Company recognized $5.6 million and $5.8 million, respectively, of revenue that was included in the deferred revenue balances at the beginning of the respective periods. During the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, the Company recognized $7.7 million and $6.8 million, respectively, of revenue that was included in the deferred revenue balances at the beginning of the respective periods.

Blend Labs, Inc.

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

(Unaudited)

During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, the Company recognized approximately $0.2 million and $1.9 million of revenue related to performance obligations satisfied in previous periods. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, the Company reversed approximately $0.9 million and $1.6 million of revenue related to performance obligations satisfied in previous periods. The revenue recognized or reversed from performance obligations satisfied in the prior periods primarily related to changes in the transaction price, including changes in the estimate of variable consideration.

Remaining Performance Obligations

As of September 30, 2023, the aggregate amount of the transaction price allocated to the remaining performance obligations was $58.9 million. These remaining performance obligations represent commitments in customer contracts for services expected to be provided in the future that have not been recognized as revenue. The expected timing of revenue recognition for these commitments is largely driven by the Company’s ability to deliver in accordance with relevant contract terms and when the Company’s customers utilize services, which could affect the Company’s estimate of when the Company expects to recognize revenue for these remaining performance obligations. The Company expects to recognize approximately 50% of the remaining performance obligations as revenues over the next 12 months. The majority of non-current remaining performance obligations will be recognized over the next 13 to 24 months.

Deferred Contract Costs

As of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, total unamortized deferred contract costs were $3.4 million and $5.2 million, respectively, of which $1.2 million and $3.5 million was recorded within prepaid expenses and other current assets and $2.2 million and $1.7 million was recorded within deferred contract costs, non-current, on the unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheets as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively.

The amortization of deferred contract costs was $0.7 million and $1.2 million for the three months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively, and $2.4 million and $3.6 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively, and is included in sales and marketing expense in the accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated statements of operations.

4. Investments and Fair Value Measurements

The carrying amount, unrealized gain and loss, and fair value of investments by major security type were as follows:


	September 30, 2023
	Amortized Cost		Gross Unrealized Gain		Gross Unrealized Loss		Fair Value		Fair Value Hierarchy
	(In thousands)
Cash equivalents:
Money market funds	$	69,882	$	—	$	—	$	69,882	Level 1




Marketable securities:
U.S. treasury and agency securities	93,761		—		(361)		93,400		Level 2
Commercial paper	7,632		—		—		7,632		Level 2
Debt securities	59,688		4		(348)		59,344		Level 2
Total marketable securities	161,081		4		(709)		160,376


Other investments:
Certificates of deposit	30		—		—		30		Level 2
Restricted cash, non-current:
Money market funds	6,959		—		—		6,959		Level 1
Certificates of deposit	335		—		—		335		Level 2
Total	$	238,287	$	4	$	(709)	$	237,582

Blend Labs, Inc.

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

(Unaudited)


	December 31, 2022
	Amortized Cost		Gross Unrealized Loss		Fair Value		Fair Value Hierarchy
	(In thousands)
Cash equivalents:
Money market funds	$	26,389	$	—	$	26,389	Level 1
Commercial paper	29,242		—		29,242		Level 2
U.S. treasury and agency securities	12,163		—		12,163		Level 2

Total cash equivalents	67,794		—		67,794
Marketable securities:
U.S. treasury and agency securities	197,734		(918)		196,816		Level 2
Commercial paper	23,686		—		23,686		Level 2
Debt securities	4,462		(16)		4,446		Level 2
Total marketable securities	225,882		(934)		224,948
Other investments:
Certificates of deposit	5,000		—		5,000		Level 2
Restricted cash, non-current:
Certificates of deposit	335		—		335		Level 2
Total	$	299,011	$	(934)	$	298,077

Restricted cash that is not available for use in operations consists of $5.0 million collateral for standby letters of credit related to the Company’s office lease facilities and $1.9 million collateral for surety bonds related to the Title segment as of September 30, 2023.

Marketable securities consist primarily of U.S. treasury and agency securities, commercial paper, and corporate debt securities. The Company classifies its marketable securities as available-for-sale securities at the time of purchase and reevaluates such classification at each balance sheet date. The Company has classified its investments as current based on the nature of the investments and their availability for use in current operations.

The fair value of the Company’s investments in money market funds classified as Level 1 of the fair value hierarchy is based on real-time quotes for transactions in active exchange markets involving identical assets. The fair value of the Company’s investments in commercial paper and marketable securities classified as Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy is based on quoted market prices for similar instruments. The Company’s certificates of deposit are short-term in nature and are carried at amortized cost, which approximates fair value; as such, the certificates of deposit are classified within Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy.

The following table summarizes the stated maturities of the Company’s marketable securities and other investments:


	September 30, 2023		December 31, 2022
	(In thousands)
Due within one year	$	133,283	$	201,921
Due after one year through two years	27,123		28,027
Total marketable securities and other investments	$	160,406	$	229,948

The Company evaluates marketable securities in unrealized loss positions to determine whether the impairment is due to credit-related factors or other factors. The Company considers the extent to which the fair value is less than cost, the financial condition and near-term prospects of the security issuer, and the intent and ability of the Company to retain its investment in the security for a period of time sufficient to allow for any anticipated recovery in fair value.

Blend Labs, Inc.

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

(Unaudited)

The Company does not have an intent to sell any of these securities prior to maturity and believes that it is more likely than not that the Company will not have to sell any such securities before a recovery of cost. The fair value is expected to recover as the securities approach their maturity date. Accordingly, as of September 30, 2023, the Company believes that the unrealized losses are due to noncredit-related factors, including changes in interest rates and other market conditions, and therefore no impairment losses have been recognized in the Company’s unaudited condensed consolidated statements of operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022. As of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the number of investment positions that are in an unrealized loss position were 53 and 38, respectively. As of September 30, 2023, the Company had one security, with a fair value of $4.9 million, that has been in a continuous unrealized loss position for twelve months or greater. As of December 31, 2022, the Company had no securities that have been in a continuous unrealized loss position for twelve months or greater. The Company determines realized gains or losses on the sale of marketable securities based on a specific identification method.

The Company recognized interest income from its investment portfolio of $2.7 million and $0.3 million for the three months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively and $8.8 million and $0.7 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively. Accrued interest receivable related to marketable securities was $0.8 million and $0.9 million, as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively, and is presented within prepaid expenses and other current assets on the unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheets. The Company does not measure an allowance for credit losses on accrued interest receivable and recognizes interest receivable write offs as a reversal of interest income. No accrued interest was written off during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022.

5. Intangible Assets

Intangible assets consisted of the following:


	September 30, 2023
	Weighted Average Remaining Amortization	Gross Amount		Accumulated Amortization		Net Book Value
	(In years)	(In thousands)
Intangible assets subject to amortization:


Domain name	8.0	$	210	$	(96)	$	114

Indefinite-lived intangible assets:
Acquired licenses		2,000		—		2,000
Total intangible assets, net		$	2,210	$	(96)	$	2,114

Blend Labs, Inc.

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

(Unaudited)


	December 31, 2022
	Weighted Average Remaining Amortization	Gross Amount		Accumulated Amortization		Impairment Charge		Net Book Value
	(In years)	(In thousands)
Intangible assets subject to amortization:
Acquired customer relationships	—	$	179,000	$	(16,548)	$	(162,452)	$	—
Internally developed software	—	11,391		(11,391)		—		—
Domain name	8.6	210		(83)		—		127
Total finite-lived intangible assets, net	8.6	190,601		(28,022)		(162,452)		127
Indefinite-lived intangible assets:
Acquired licenses		2,000		—		—		2,000
Total intangible assets, net		$	192,601	$	(28,022)	$	(162,452)	$	2,127

Amortization of intangible assets for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 was immaterial. Amortization of intangible assets for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 was $0.3 million and $8.4 million, respectively.

6. Significant Balance Sheet Components

Prepaid Expenses and Other Current Assets

Prepaid expenses and other current assets consisted of the following:


	September 30, 2023		December 31, 2022
	(In thousands)
Contract assets	$	407	$	1,252
Deferred contract costs	1,244		3,518
Prepaid software	5,018		5,472
Prepaid insurance	2,953		3,646
Prepaid other	5,270		2,184
Recording fee advances	612		857
Other current assets	3,141		2,302
Total prepaid expenses and other current assets	$	18,645	$	19,231

Recording fee advances represent amounts advanced on behalf of customers in the Title segment associated with the recording of mortgage documents. These amounts are primarily recouped within 30 days from funds in the escrow accounts the Company administers.

Property and Equipment, Net

Property and equipment, net, consisted of the following:

Blend Labs, Inc.

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

(Unaudited)


	September 30, 2023		December 31, 2022
	(In thousands)
Computer and software	$	6,318	$	5,843
Furniture and fixtures	1,816		1,886
Leasehold improvements	4,886		4,884
Total property and equipment, gross	13,020		12,613
Accumulated depreciation and amortization	(8,569)		(6,871)
Total property and equipment, net	$	4,451	$	5,742

Depreciation expense for the three months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022 was $0.6 million. Depreciation expense for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022 was $1.9 million and $1.7 million, respectively.

Note Receivable

The Company holds a $3.0 million investment in a privately-held company via a convertible promissory note. Interest accrues at 2% per annum and outstanding principal and accrued interest is due and payable at the earliest of (i) 60 months from the execution of the note, (ii) an initial public offering, or (iii) change in control, unless otherwise converted to shares of the issuer. The outstanding principal and unpaid accrued interest are convertible into 4,500,000 shares of the issuer’s Series Seed Preferred Stock at the option of the issuer, upon a change in control, upon the issuer’s initial public offering, or upon a qualified equity financing. The conversion option is not bifurcated from the promissory note as the option does not meet the net settlement criteria of a derivative instrument due to the option not being readily convertible to cash. The Company also has a call option to merge the issuer with the Company for aggregate consideration of $500.0 million. The value of the call option was determined to be inconsequential. The note receivable is presented within other non-current assets on the unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheets.

Investments in Non-Marketable Equity Securities

The Company holds an equity investment in a privately-held company in exchange for 103,611 shares of Series Growth 1a Preferred Stock. This investment in the equity securities without readily determinable fair value is measured at cost, less impairment, if any, plus or minus observable price changes in orderly transactions of an identical or similar investment of the same issuer. The carrying value of this investment was $5.4 million as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively, which includes a cumulative upward adjustment of $2.9 million based on an observable price change in the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022. There were no impairments or observable price changes for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023.

Cloud Computing Arrangements

The Company capitalizes certain implementation costs incurred during the application development stage under cloud computing arrangements that are service contracts. The carrying value of the capitalized costs was $0.3 million as of September 30, 2023, which is presented within prepaid expenses and other current assets. The carrying value of the capitalized costs was $0.9 million as of December 31, 2022, of which $0.7 million is presented within prepaid expenses and other current assets, and $0.2 million is presented within other non-current assets on the unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheets. Amortization of capitalized implementation costs is recognized on a straight-line basis over the term of the associated hosting arrangement when it is ready for its intended use. Costs related to preliminary project activities and post-implementation activities are expensed as incurred.

Blend Labs, Inc.

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

(Unaudited)

Other Current Liabilities

Other current liabilities consisted of the following:


	September 30, 2023		December 31, 2022
	(In thousands)
Accrued expenses	$	2,440	$	3,051
Accrued interest	81		73
Accrued professional fees	1,941		2,615
Accrued connectivity fees	4,083		3,143
Accrued litigation contingencies	455		700
Operating lease liabilities, current portion	4,294		4,089

Other	1,474		1,788
Total other current liabilities	$	14,768	$	15,459

Other Long-Term Liabilities

Other long-term liabilities consisted of the following:


	September 30, 2023		December 31, 2022
	(In thousands)

Early exercise liabilities	$	641	$	2,002
Payroll tax liabilities	854		1,354
Other liabilities	1,861		2,122
Total other long-term liabilities	$	3,356	$	5,478

Title and Escrow Loss Reserve

The Company performs title insurance services and issues a title insurance policy as an agent for a third-party title insurance underwriter. The Company pays part of the title insurance policy fee charged to its customers to the third-party title insurance underwriter as compensation for accepting the risk associated with issuing the title policy. The Company may incur a loss if it does not follow the guidelines outlined in the agency agreements, and in the state of California, the Company is obligated to reimburse the insurance company for up to the first $5,000 in losses related to a claim on a policy issued through Title365. Reserves for estimated future losses on policies issued are established at the time the title insurance revenue is recognized in accordance with ASC 450, Contingencies, and are based on claim loss history, industry trends, legal environment, geographic considerations, and the type of title insurance policies written. As of September 30, 2023, title and escrow loss reserves were $1.8 million, of which $0.2 million, is presented within other current liabilities and $1.6 million is presented within other non-current liabilities on the consolidated balance sheets. As of December 31, 2022, title and escrow loss reserves were $2.1 million, of which $0.2 million is presented within other current liabilities and $1.9 million is presented within other non-current liabilities on the consolidated balance sheets.

7. Leases

The Company leases its facilities under non-cancelable operating leases with various expiration dates. Leases may contain escalating payments.

Blend Labs, Inc.

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

(Unaudited)

The Company’s total operating lease costs were $1.7 million and $2.0 million for the three months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively. The Company’s total operating lease costs were $5.0 million and $5.6 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively. The Company’s total operating lease costs include variable costs in the amount of $0.6 million and $0.5 million for the three months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively, and $1.6 million and $1.5 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively. Variable lease costs are primarily comprised of maintenance costs and are determined based on the actual costs incurred during the period. Variable lease payments are expensed in the period incurred and not included in the measurement of lease assets and liabilities.

As of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the weighted average remaining operating lease term was 3.3 years and 3.8 years, respectively. The weighted average discount rate used to estimate operating lease liabilities for leases that existed as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022 was 8.1% and 7.9%, respectively. Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of operating lease liabilities was $1.2 million and $1.1 million for the three months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively. Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of operating lease liabilities was $3.7 million and $3.6 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively.

As of September 30, 2023, maturities of operating lease liabilities were as follows:


	(In thousands)
Remainder of 2023	$	1,297
2024	5,106
2025	4,251
2026	1,301
2027	1,094
Thereafter	1,259
Total lease payments	14,308
Less: imputed interest	(1,879)
Total operating lease liabilities	$	12,429

8. Commitments and Contingencies

Contingencies

From time to time and in the normal course of business, the Company may be subject to various legal matters, such as threatened or pending claims or proceedings. The litigation contingencies, if realized, could have a material negative impact on the Company’s financial condition, results of operations, and cash flows. The Company recognizes a provision for litigation losses when a contingent liability is probable and the amount thereof is reasonably estimable. Costs associated with the Company's involvement in legal proceedings are expensed as incurred. Amounts accrued for litigation contingencies are based on the Company’s best estimates, assessments of the likelihood of damages, and the advice of counsel and often result from a series of judgments about future events and uncertainties that rely heavily on estimates and assumptions, therefore the actual settlement amounts could differ from the estimated contingency accrual and result in additional charges or reversals in future periods. The Company had a litigation contingency accrual of approximately $0.5 million and $0.7 million as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022 respectively which was presented within other current liabilities in the unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheets.

Warranties, Indemnifications, and Contingent Obligations

The Company’s platform, products, and services are generally warranted to perform substantially as described in the associated documentation and to satisfy defined levels of uptime reliability. The service-level agreements that provide for defined levels of uptime reliability and performance permit the customers to receive credits or to terminate their agreements in the event that the Company fails to meet those levels. To date, the Company has not experienced any significant failures to meet defined levels of reliability and performance as a result of those agreements and historically the Company has not incurred any material costs associated with warranties. Accordingly, the Company has not accrued any liabilities related to these agreements in the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

Blend Labs, Inc.

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

(Unaudited)

The Company enters into indemnification provisions under (i) its agreements with other companies in the ordinary course of business, typically with business partners, contractors, customers, and landlords and (ii) its agreements with investors. Under these provisions, the Company generally indemnifies and holds harmless the indemnified party for losses suffered or incurred by the indemnified party as a result of the Company’s activities or, in some cases, as a result of the indemnified party’s activities under the agreement. These indemnification provisions often include indemnifications relating to representations made by the Company with regard to intellectual property rights. These indemnification provisions generally survive termination of the underlying agreement. The maximum potential amount of future payments the Company could be required to make under these indemnification provisions is unlimited. The Company has not incurred material costs to defend lawsuits or settle claims related to these indemnification agreements. Accordingly, the Company has no liabilities recorded for these agreements as of September 30, 2023 or December 31, 2022.

The Company has agreed to indemnify its officers and directors to the fullest extent permitted by its amended and restated bylaws and the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware for certain events or occurrences arising as a result of the officers or directors serving in such capacity. The coverage applies only to acts that occurred during the tenure of the officer or director and has an unlimited term. The maximum potential amount of future payments the Company could be required to make under these indemnification agreements is unlimited.

Escrow or Trust Funds

The Company administers escrow and trust deposits held at third-party financial institutions representing funds received under real estate contracts, escrowed funds received under escrow agreements, and undisbursed amounts received for settlement of mortgage and home equity loans. These funds are not considered assets of the Company and, therefore, are not included in the accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheets; however, the Company remains contingently liable for the disposition of these funds on behalf of its customers. Cash held by the Company for these purposes was approximately $5.3 million, net of outstanding checks in transit of $25.3 million as of September 30, 2023, and approximately $5.0 million, net of outstanding checks in transit of $42.8 million as of December 31, 2022.

9. Debt Financing

Debt consisted of the following:


	September 30, 2023		December 31, 2022
	(In thousands)
Term Loan - principal	$	225,000	$	225,000
Term Loan - exit fee	4,500		4,500
Less: unamortized debt discounts and issuance costs	(10,495)		(12,699)
Total debt	$	219,005	$	216,801

On June 30, 2021, in connection with the closing of the acquisition of Title365, the Company entered into a credit agreement, as amended from time to time (the “Credit Agreement”), which provides for a $225.0 million senior secured term loan (the “Term Loan”) and a $25.0 million senior secured revolving credit facility (the “Revolving Facility”). The Revolving Facility includes $10.0 million sublimit for the issuance of letters of credit. The Revolving Facility also includes a swingline sub-facility (the “Swingline Facility”) that accommodates same-day borrowing of base rate loans. The sublimit for the Swingline Facility is $5.0 million. In October 2022, the Company entered into the First Amendment (the “Amendment”) to the Credit Agreement. The Amendment replaced the reference rate from LIBOR to SOFR as a result of the expected cessation of LIBOR and in accordance with the Credit Agreement.

The Term Loan was fully drawn at closing to provide, in part, the cash consideration paid in connection with the acquisition of Title365. The Revolving Facility remained available and undrawn as of September 30, 2023.

Blend Labs, Inc.

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

(Unaudited)

The borrowings under the Term Loan and Revolving Facility accrue interest at a floating rate which can be, at the Company’s option, either (i) an adjusted Term SOFR rate for a specified interest period plus an applicable margin of 7.50% or (ii) a base rate plus an applicable margin of 6.50%. The Term SOFR rate applicable to the Term Loan and the Revolving Facility is subject to a floor of 1.00%, and the base rate is subject to a floor of 2.00%. The base rate for any day is a fluctuating rate per annum equal to the highest of (i) the federal funds effective rate in effect on such day, plus 0.50%, (ii) the rate of interest for such day as published in the Wall Street Journal as the “prime rate,” and (iii) the adjusted Term SOFR rate for a one-month interest period, plus 1.00%. Interest is payable in arrears for the elected specified interest period.

In addition to paying interest on amounts outstanding under the Term Loan and the Revolving Facility, the Company is required to pay a commitment fee of 0.50% per annum of the unused commitments under the Revolving Facility. The Company is also required to pay letter of credit fees, customary fronting fees, and other customary documentary fees in connection with the issuance of letters of credit.

The Company incurred approximately $5.7 million of debt issuance costs in connection with the Term Loan, which have been deferred, and the remaining unamortized portion of these costs is presented as a reduction of long-term debt. Debt issuance costs related to the Revolving Facility amounted to $0.5 million, and the remaining unamortized portion of these costs is presented within other current assets on the unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheets.

In connection with the Credit Agreement, the Company issued a Series G preferred stock warrant to purchase 598,431 shares of Class A common stock at an exercise price per share of $13.827822. The terms of the warrant agreement provide the holder with an option to net settle if the fair value of Class A common stock is greater than the exercise price. The net shares to be issued in a cashless exercise are based on the fair value of the Company’s Class A common stock at the time the warrant is exercised. As of September 30, 2023, the warrant has not been exercised. The warrant will expire 10 years from the issue date. The proceeds from the issuance of debt were allocated between the Term Loan and the warrant based on their relative fair values, resulting in a debt discount of approximately $6.8 million for the amount allocated to the warrant and accounted for as paid-in capital.

Under the terms of the Credit Agreement, the lender is entitled to an exit fee in an amount equal to 2.00% of the signing date term facility commitment. The exit fee resulted in an additional debt discount of $4.5 million. The exit fee shall be due and payable on the earliest to occur:

a) The maturity date of the Term Loan;

b) The date on which all amounts then outstanding under the Term Loan are paid in full;

c) The acceleration of the obligations with respect to the Term Loan for any reason;

d) Any event of default as defined by the Term Loan; and

e) Any repayment resulting from or in connection with a change of control.

Including the impact of the deferred debt issuance costs and the debt discounts resulting from the exit fee and the warrant, the effective interest rate on the Term Loan was approximately 14.68% as of September 30, 2023. Debt issuance costs, debt discounts, and the Revolving Facility issuance costs are being amortized as interest expense over the term of the Credit Agreement.

The fair value of the Term Loan was approximately $219.4 million and $221.1 million as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively, and is classified as Level 2 in the fair value hierarchy. The fair value of the Term Loan was measured by applying the income approach, which discounts the future contractual cash flows using a current risk-adjusted rate available to borrowers with similar credit ratings.

The Term Loan and Revolving Facility will mature on June 30, 2026, and the full principal amount of each is due at maturity. No amortization payments are required with respect to either the Term Loan or the Revolving Facility.

The obligations under the Credit Agreement are guaranteed by all of the Company’s domestic subsidiaries (other than Title365 and its direct and indirect subsidiaries, subject to certain thresholds and other exceptions), and secured by a lien on substantially all of the Company’s and its subsidiaries’ assets (other than the equity issued by, and the assets of, Title365 and its direct and indirect subsidiaries, subject to certain thresholds and other exceptions).

Blend Labs, Inc.

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

(Unaudited)

The Credit Agreement contains customary affirmative and negative covenants, including covenants that limit and restrict us and our subsidiaries’ ability to: (i) incur indebtedness; (ii) grant liens; (iii) make investments, loans or advances; (iv) merge or consolidate; (v) sell assets; (vi) pay dividends; and (vii) enter into certain transactions with affiliates, in each case subject to customary exceptions for a credit facility of this size and type. In the event of a default, the Credit Agreement may require a mandatory prepayment of amounts due thereunder. The Credit Agreement also contains a minimum liquidity covenant. As of September 30, 2023, the Company was in compliance with these covenants.

10. Stockholder’s Equity

The following is a summary of the rights of the holders of the Company’s capital stock:

Common Stock

The Company has three classes of authorized common stock: Class A common stock, Class B common stock, and Class C common stock. The rights of the holders of Class A common stock, Class B common stock, and Class C common stock are identical, except with respect to voting and conversion.

Dividend Rights

Subject to preferences that may apply to any shares of preferred stock outstanding at the time, the holders of the Company’s common stock will be entitled to receive dividends out of funds legally available if the Company’s board of directors, in its discretion, determines to issue dividends and then only at the times and in the amounts that the Company’s board of directors may determine.

Voting Rights

Holders of the Class A common stock are entitled to one vote for each share held on all matters submitted to a vote of stockholders, holders of the Class B common stock are entitled to 40 votes for each share held on all matters submitted to a vote of stockholders, and holders of the Class C common stock are not entitled to vote on any matter that is submitted to a vote of stockholders, except as otherwise required by law. The holders of the Class A common stock and Class B common stock will vote together as a single class, unless otherwise required by law. Since the completion of the IPO, the Co-Founder and Head of Blend held all of the issued and outstanding shares of the Company’s Class B common stock.

No Preemptive or Similar Rights

The Company’s common stock is not entitled to preemptive rights and is not subject to conversion, redemption, or sinking fund provisions.

Right to Receive Liquidation Distributions

If the Company becomes subject to a liquidation, dissolution, or winding-up, the assets legally available for distribution to the Company’s stockholders would be distributable ratably among the holders of the Company’s common stock and any participating preferred stock outstanding at that time, subject to prior satisfaction of all outstanding debt and liabilities and the preferential rights of and the payment of liquidation preferences, if any, on any outstanding shares of preferred stock.

Conversion of Class B Common Stock

Each share of Class B common stock is convertible at any time at the option of the holder into one share of Class A common stock. Shares of Class B common stock will automatically convert into shares of Class A common stock upon sale or transfer except for certain transfers described in the Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation, such as certain transfers effected for estate planning or charitable purposes.

Conversion of Class C Common Stock

After the conversion or exchange of all outstanding shares of the Company’s Class B common stock into shares of Class A common stock, all outstanding shares of Class C common stock will convert automatically into Class A common stock, on a share-for-share basis, on the date or time specified by the holders of a majority of the outstanding shares of Class A common stock, voting as a separate class.

Blend Labs, Inc.

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

(Unaudited)

Preferred Stock

The Company’s board of directors has the authority to issue preferred stock in one or more series, to establish from time to time the number of shares to be included in each series and to fix the designation, powers, preferences, and rights of the shares of each series and any of its qualifications, limitations, or restrictions, in each case without further vote or action by the Company’s stockholders. As of September 30, 2023, the Company had 200,000,000 shares authorized and no shares issued and outstanding of preferred stock.

11. Stock-Based Compensation

2012 Stock Option Plan

Effective May 1, 2012, the Company adopted the 2012 Stock Plan (the “2012 Plan”). Options granted under the 2012 Plan may be either incentive stock options or nonqualified stock options. Incentive stock options (“ISOs”), within the meaning of Section 422 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”) may be granted only to employees (including officers and directors). Non-qualified stock options (“NSOs”) may be granted to employees and consultants. The exercise price of ISOs and NSOs shall not be less than 100% of the estimated fair value of the common shares on the date of grant, respectively, as determined by the Company’s board of directors. The exercise price of an ISO granted to a 10% or greater stockholder shall not be less than 110% of the estimated fair value of the common shares on the date of grant. Options generally vest over a period of four years. No further grants may be made under the 2012 Plan.

2021 Equity Incentive Plan

In July 2021, the Company’s board of directors adopted, and the Company’s stockholders approved, the 2021 Equity Incentive Plan (the “2021 Plan”), which became effective on July 14, 2021. The Company’s prior plan, 2012 Plan, was terminated immediately prior to the effectiveness of the 2021 Plan with respect to the grant of future awards.

The 2021 Plan provides for the grant of ISOs, to the Company’s employees and any parent and subsidiary corporations’ employees, and for the grant of NSOs, stock appreciation rights, restricted stock, restricted stock units (“RSUs”), and performance awards to the Company’s employees, directors, and consultants and the Company’s parent and subsidiary corporations’ employees and consultants.

Subject to the adjustment provisions of and the automatic increase described in the 2021 Plan, a total of 23,000,000 shares of the Company’s Class A common stock were reserved for issuance pursuant to the 2021 Plan, plus 36,101,718 shares of the Company’s Class A common stock reserved for future issuance under the 2012 Plan. Subject to the adjustment provisions of the 2021 Plan, the number of shares available for issuance under the 2021 Plan includes an annual increase on the first day of each fiscal year beginning on January 1, 2022, equal to the least of (a) 34,500,000 shares of Class A common stock, (b) 5% of the total number of shares of all classes of the Company’s common stock outstanding on the last day of the immediately preceding fiscal year, or (c) such other amount as the Company’s board of directors (or its committee) may determine. Options granted under the 2021 Plan generally vest over periods ranging from one to four years.

A summary of the stock option activity is as follows:


	Number of options	Weighted average exercise price		Weighted average remaining contractual life	Aggregate intrinsic value




	(In thousands)			(In years)	(In thousands)
Balance as of December 31, 2022	25,337	$	5.18	7.1	$	3,076
Granted	—
Exercised	(68)	$	0.65		$	—
Canceled and forfeited	(3,185)	$	9.07
Balance as of September 30, 2023	22,084	$	4.62	6.3	$	2,412


Vested and exercisable as of September 30, 2023	16,589	$	4.40	6.0	$	2,412

Blend Labs, Inc.

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

(Unaudited)

No options were granted during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023. The weighted average grant-date fair value of options granted during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 was $1.30 per share and $1.80 per share respectively.

The number of options unvested as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022 was 5,496 and 10,717, respectively. The weighted average grant-date fair value of these unvested options was $2.82 and $3.61 per share at September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively.

The total fair value of options vested during the three months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022 was $2.8 million and $7.4 million, respectively. The total fair value of options vested during the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022 was $9.6 million and $26.6 million, respectively.

The aggregate intrinsic value of options exercised during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 was immaterial. The aggregate intrinsic value of options exercised during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 was $0.3 million and $3.2 million, respectively.

The estimated grant date fair values of the employee stock options granted under the 2012 Plan and 2021 Plan were calculated using the Black-Scholes Merton Option pricing model based on the following weighted average assumptions:


	Three Months Ended September 30,	Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2022	2022
Expected term (years)	6.82	6.46
Expected volatility	51.43%	51.17%
Risk-free interest rate	3.92%	3.48%
Expected dividend yield	—	—

Risk-Free Interest Rate. The risk-free interest rate is based on U.S. treasury zero-coupon issues with remaining terms similar to the expected term of the options at the date of grant.

Expected Term. The expected term represents the period that the Company’s share-based awards are expected to be outstanding. The Company applies the simplified method in determining the expected life of the stock options as the Company has limited historical basis upon which to determine historical exercise periods.

Expected Dividend Yield. The Company has never declared or paid any cash dividends and does not plan to pay cash dividends in the foreseeable future, and, therefore, used an expected dividend yield of zero in the valuation model.

Expected Volatility. Expected volatility of the stock is based on the average historical volatility of the Company’s peer group after consideration of their size, maturity, profitability, growth, risk, and return on investment as the Company has limited historical volatility.

As of September 30, 2023, the total unrecognized stock-based compensation expense for stock options issued under the 2012 Plan and the 2021 Plan was approximately $14.3 million, which is expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of 2.4 years.

Early Exercise of Common Stock Options

The Company’s board of directors has authorized certain stock option holders to exercise unvested options to purchase shares of Class A common stock. Shares received from such early exercises are subject to repurchase in the event of the optionee’s termination of service as a service provider (as defined in the 2012 Plan and the 2021 Plan), at the lower of the fair market value on the date of the repurchase or the original exercise price, until the options are fully vested.

Blend Labs, Inc.

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

(Unaudited)

As of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, 205,048 and 527,868 shares of Class A common stock were subject to repurchase. As of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the cash proceeds received for unvested shares of Class A common stock presented within other long-term liabilities in the unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheets were $0.6 million and $2.0 million, respectively.

Restricted Stock Units

A summary of the Company’s RSU activity and related information is as follows:


	Number of RSUs	Weighted average grant date fair value per share
	(In thousands)
Balance as of December 31, 2022	12,392	$	3.02
Granted	26,080	$	1.10
Vested	(10,857)	$	2.77
Cancelled and forfeited	(2,129)	$	2.03
Balance as of September 30, 2023	25,486	$	1.25

As of September 30, 2023, there was $29.8 million of unrecognized stock-based compensation expense related to unvested RSUs, which is expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of 2.6 years. RSUs granted under the 2021 Plan generally vest quarterly over a period of one or two years from the grant date.

The total fair value of RSUs vested during the three months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022 was $5.7 million and $17.4 million, respectively. The total fair value of RSUs vested during the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022 was $30.1 million and $37.8 million, respectively.

Performance Stock Units

In March 2023 and August 2023, the Company’s board of directors granted a total of 4,000,000 restricted stock units with performance vesting conditions (“PSUs”) to certain senior executives. The PSUs will vest in four tranches upon continued service and satisfaction of certain market-based performance targets related to the Company’s stock price hurdles. The estimated weighted-average grant date fair value of the PSUs was $0.51 per share, which was determined using a Monte Carlo simulation model. The total stock-based compensation expense recognized for PSUs for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 was $0.2 million and $0.3 million, respectively. The total unrecognized compensation expense related to PSUs was $1.8 million as of September 30, 2023, which will be recognized over an estimated weighted average remaining period of 2.0 years.

Non-Plan Co-Founder and Head of Blend Options

In March 2021, the Company’s board of directors granted to its Co-Founder and Head of Blend a stand-alone stock option issued outside of the 2012 Plan covering a maximum of 26,057,181 shares of Class B common stock with an exercise price of $8.58 per share. The award has a 15-year term (subject to earlier termination when shares subject to the award are no longer eligible to vest) and vests upon the satisfaction of a service condition, liquidity event-related performance condition, and performance-based market conditions.

The terms of the award stipulated that if an IPO is completed within 15 months of the date of grant, the first tranche of 1,954,289 shares will vest. The remaining tranches of shares will vest dependent on performance goals tied to the Company’s stock price hurdles with specified expiration dates for each tranche. In July 2021, the first tranche of the Co-Founder and Head of Blend stock option award vested upon completion of the IPO.

Blend Labs, Inc.

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

(Unaudited)

On June 30, 2021, the Company’s board of directors approved a modification to the Co-Founder and Head of Blend award related to market-based performance targets that impact the Company stock price hurdles. The impact of the modification did not result in stock-based compensation expense as of the modification date as the satisfaction of the IPO performance condition was not probable at that time.

The estimated fair value of the first tranche as of the modification date was determined using Black-Scholes Merton Option pricing model, which resulted in fair value of $12.27 per share based on the following assumptions:


Fair value of common stock			$18.00
Expected term (years)			7.44
Expected volatility			45.00%
Risk-free interest rate			1.71%
Expected dividend yield			—

The remaining tranches were valued using a Monte Carlo simulation model. The weighted average estimated fair value of the remaining tranches as of the modification date was $3.80 per share based on the following assumptions:


Fair value of common stock			$18.00
Remaining contractual term (years)			14.75
Expected volatility			40.00%
Risk-free interest rate			1.71%
Expected dividend yield			—

The total stock-based compensation expense recognized for this award for the three months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022 was $1.5 million and $5.0 million, respectively. The total stock-based compensation expense recognized for this award for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022 was $10.9 million and $14.7 million, respectively. The total unrecognized compensation expense related to the award for all tranches was $15.4 million as of September 30, 2023, which will be recognized over an estimated weighted average remaining period of 3.5 years.

Stock-Based Compensation Expense

The Company’s stock-based compensation expense was as follows:


	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2023		2022		2023		2022
	(In thousands)
Cost of revenue	$	227	$	452	$	979	$	1,495
Research and development	4,090		12,274		17,050		34,656
Sales and marketing	1,577		2,749		6,291		8,451
General and administrative	3,148		12,476		15,478		36,909
Total	$	9,042	$	27,951	$	39,798	$	81,511

Blend Labs, Inc.

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

(Unaudited)

12. Restructuring

Workforce Reduction Plans

In 2022, the Company executed three workforce reduction initiatives as part of its broader efforts to improve cost efficiency and better align its operating structure with its business activities, with the focus on streamlining the Company’s title operations as well as its general and administrative functions. In April 2022, the Company committed to its first workforce reduction plan (the “April Plan”), which eliminated approximately 200 positions or 10% of the Company’s then-current workforce. In August 2022, the Company committed to an additional workforce reduction plan (the “August Plan”), which eliminated approximately 140 positions across the Company, or 10% of the Company’s then-current workforce. In November 2022, the Company committed to an additional workforce reduction plan (the “November Plan”), which eliminated approximately 100 positions, or 6% of the Company’s then-current workforce.

During the nine months ended September 30, 2023, the Company executed two workforce reduction initiatives. In January 2023, the Company committed to a workforce reduction plan (the “January Plan”), which eliminated approximately 340 positions, or 28% of the Company’s then-current workforce. In August 2023, the Company committed to an additional workforce reduction plan (the “August 2023 Plan”). The August 2023 Plan eliminated approximately 150 positions, or 19% of the Company’s then-current workforce.

Executive Transition Costs

On January 9, 2023, Marc Greenberg notified the Company of his intention to step down as Head of Finance of the Company, and as the Company’s principal financial officer under Section 16a-1(f) of the Exchange Act, effective following the filing on March 16, 2023 of the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2022. In connection with Mr. Greenberg’s resignation as Head of Finance, the Company entered into a discretionary retention bonus letter with Mr. Greenberg, which provides that the Company will pay Mr. Greenberg a bonus (the “Bonus Payment”) equal to the amount by which the aggregate value of: (i) his base salary, (ii) additional cash bonuses and (iii) value of any Blend equity awards that vest during such period of time, is less than $1,458,333 for period between September 1, 2022 through the March 31, 2023, provided Mr. Greenberg remains continuously employed by the Company through March 31, 2023. The Bonus Payment shall be made in cash or fully vested shares of Class A Common Stock of Blend of equivalent value, as determined by the Company’s Compensation Committee in its sole discretion. Mr. Greenberg’s last day of employment with Blend was April 3, 2023, and subsequently he received the Bonus Payment in the amount of $0.9 million. In addition to the Bonus Payment, Mr. Greenberg received the Company’s standard severance package, which includes 9 weeks of severance and other benefits in accordance with Company practices.

On January 9, 2023, Crystal Sumner notified the Company of her intention to step down as Head of Legal, Compliance, and Risk and Corporate Secretary of the Company, effective on February 1, 2023. In connection with Ms. Sumner’s departure, the Company entered into a transition agreement with Ms. Sumner, pursuant to which Ms. Sumner received a transition payment equal to 9 weeks of Ms. Sumner’s then-current base salary in accordance with Company practices.

The restructuring charges attributable to the workforce reduction plans and executive transaction costs amounted to approximately $9.1 million and $24.3 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, respectively. The restructuring charges attributable to the workforce reduction plans to approximately $5.9 million and $12.3 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, respectively. The restructuring charges consisted primarily of cash expenditures for compensation, severance, and transition payments, employee benefits, payroll taxes and related facilitation costs. The restructuring charges attributable to the August 2023 plan also include an accelerated expense of $2.1 million consisting of prepaid cash bonuses issued in the first and second quarter of 2023 to certain employees in lieu of previously committed equity-based awards.

The reconciliation of the restructuring liability balances is as follows:

Blend Labs, Inc.

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

(Unaudited)


	(In thousands)
Restructuring liability as of December 31, 2021	$	—
April Plan charge	6,380
August Plan charge	5,935
November Plan charge	2,960
Settlements	(13,661)
Restructuring liability as of December 31, 2022	1,614
January Plan charge	14,025
Executive transition costs	1,107
August 2023 Plan charge (excluding accelerated amortization of prepaid cash bonuses)	6,991
Settlements	(19,497)
Restructuring liability as of September 30, 2023	$	4,240

As of September 30, 2023, the $4.2 million remaining restructuring liability consists primarily of accrued severance, which is included in accrued compensation on the unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheet.

13. Income Taxes

The provision for income taxes was immaterial for the three months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively. The Company recorded a provision for income taxes of $0.2 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 consisting of current tax expense related to state and foreign income taxes. The Company recorded an income tax benefit of $2.7 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2022, consisting primarily of deferred tax benefit resulting from an adjustment to the valuation allowance.

The Company reassessed the ability to realize deferred tax assets by considering the available positive and negative evidence. As of September 30, 2023, the Company concluded that its net deferred tax assets are not more-likely-than-not to be realized and maintained a full valuation allowance against such net deferred tax assets.

As of September 30, 2023, the Company files tax returns in the U.S. federal and various state jurisdictions. Due to the Company’s U.S. net operating loss carryforwards, its income tax returns generally remain subject to examination by federal and most state tax authorities. Beginning in 2022, the Company’s subsidiary files income tax returns in India which are subject to examination by tax authorities in India.

14. Net Loss Per Share

The Company has three classes of authorized common stock for which voting rights differ by class. The Company computes net loss per share using the two-class method required for multiple classes of common stock.

Under the two-class method, net income (loss) attributable to common stockholders for the period is allocated between shares of common stock and participating securities based upon their respective rights to receive dividends as if all earnings for the period had been distributed.

Basic net loss per share is computed by dividing net loss attributable to each class of stockholders by the weighted average number of shares of stock outstanding during the period, adjusted for options early exercised and subject to repurchase.

Diluted loss per share reflects the potential dilution that could occur if securities, including awards issued under the Company’s equity compensation plans or other contracts to issue common stock, were exercised or converted into common stock or resulted in the issuance of common stock (net of any assumed repurchases) that then shared in the earnings of the Company. Diluted net loss per share attributable to the Company is computed by dividing the net loss attributable to the Company by the weighted average number of fully diluted common shares outstanding.

The following table presents the calculation of basic and diluted net loss per share for Class A and Class B common stock. No shares of Class C common stock were issued and outstanding during the periods presented.

Blend Labs, Inc.

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

(Unaudited)


	Three Months Ended September 30,
	2023				2022
	Class A Common		Class B Common		Class A Common		Class B Common
	(In thousands, except per share data)
Numerator:
Net loss attributable to Blend Labs, Inc.	$	(40,074)	$	(1,686)	$	(119,355)	$	(6,773)
Less: accretion of RNCI to redemption value	(1,393)		(59)		(7,426)		(421)

Net loss attributable to Blend Labs, Inc common stockholders	$	(41,467)	$	(1,745)	$	(126,781)	$	(7,194)

Denominator:
Weighted average common stock outstanding, basic and diluted	236,464		9,946		222,634		12,633



Net loss per share attributable to Blend Labs, Inc.:
Basic and diluted	$	(0.18)	$	(0.18)	$	(0.57)	$	(0.57)


	Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2023				2022
	Class A Common		Class B Common		Class A Common		Class B Common
	(In thousands, except per share data)
Numerator:
Net loss attributable to Blend Labs, Inc.	$	(142,123)	$	(6,285)	$	(604,882)	$	(34,721)
Less: accretion of RNCI to redemption value	(4,884)		(216)		(43,784)		(2,513)

Net loss attributable to Blend Labs, Inc common stockholders	$	(147,007)	$	(6,501)	$	(648,666)	$	(37,234)

Denominator:
Weighted average common stock outstanding, basic and diluted	233,721		10,336		220,084		12,633



Net loss per share attributable to Blend Labs, Inc.:
Basic and diluted	$	(0.63)	$	(0.63)	$	(2.95)	$	(2.95)

The following potential shares of common stock were excluded from the computation of diluted net earnings per share attributable to the Company for the periods presented because including them would have been antidilutive as the Company has reported net loss for each of the periods presented:


	As of September 30,
	2023	2022
	(In thousands)
Outstanding stock options	22,084	26,351
Early exercised options subject to repurchase	205	682
Non-plan Co-Founder and Head of Blend options	26,057	26,057
Unvested restricted stock units	25,486	14,078
Unvested performance stock awards	4,000	126
Common stock warrants	598	598



Total antidilutive securities	78,430	67,892

Blend Labs, Inc.

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

(Unaudited)

15. Segment Information

The Company’s operating segments are defined in a manner consistent with how the Company manages its operations and how the CODM evaluates the results and allocates the Company’s resources.

In March 2023, the Company introduced Composable Origination, which gives customers the ability to easily configure or build custom workflows from a pre-built set of components. Financial services firms can experience Composable Origination by building custom solutions using the Blend Builder Platform, or with pre-built solutions such as Instant Home Equity, Deposit Accounts, Credit Cards, and others. In connection with this development, the Company changed its reporting segments as previously reported on its Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2022, to change the composition of the Blend Platform segment to exclude the Company’s digitally-enabled title component and instead report the digitally-enabled title component within the Title segment. This change reflects a corresponding change in how the Company’s CODM reviews financial information in order to allocate resources and assess performance. The comparative prior period amounts have been reclassified to conform to current period presentation.

Segment gross profit, which is the measure used by the Company’s CODM to evaluate the performance of and allocate resources to its segments, is calculated as segment revenue less segment cost of revenue. The Company does not evaluate performance or allocate resources based on segment assets, and therefore, such information is not presented.

The following table provides information about each reportable segment:


	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2023		2022		2023		2022
	(in thousands)				(in thousands)
Segment revenue:
Blend Platform	$	28,642	$	29,969	$	83,677	$	96,146
Title	11,949		25,384		37,065		96,270
Total revenue	$	40,591	$	55,353	$	120,742	$	192,416

Segment gross profit:
Blend Platform	$	20,030	$	20,076	$	58,265	$	60,624
Title	2,033		1,034		3,144		14,620
Total gross profit	$	22,063	$	21,110	$	61,409	$	75,244

Operating expenses:
Research and development	$	18,826	$	34,240	$	67,174	$	104,846
Sales and marketing	14,494		20,518		48,190		65,297
General and administrative	15,819		32,140		56,146		105,714
Amortization of acquired intangible assets	—		275		—		8,411
Impairment of intangible assets and goodwill	—		57,857		—		449,680
Restructuring	9,122		5,936		24,254		12,316
Total operating expenses	58,261		150,966		195,764		746,264
Loss from operations	(36,198)		(129,856)		(134,355)		(671,020)
Interest expense	(8,210)		(6,158)		(23,726)		(17,442)
Other income (expense), net	2,632		3,281		8,746		3,378
Loss before income taxes	$	(41,776)	$	(132,733)	$	(149,335)	$	(685,084)

ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

The following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations should be read in conjunction with our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements and the related notes appearing elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and in our audited consolidated financial statements included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022. This discussion contains forward-looking statements that involve risks and uncertainties. Factors that could cause or contribute to such differences include those identified below and those discussed in the section titled “Risk Factors” and other parts of this Form 10-Q and in our Annual Report on Form 10-K. Our historical results are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for any period in the future.

Overview

Blend Labs, Inc. was founded in 2012, with a vision to bring simplicity and transparency to financial services, so everyone can gain access to the capital they need to lead better lives. To realize this vision, we have built a market-leading cloud-based software platform and suite of products for financial services firms that is designed to power the end-to-end consumer journey for any banking product. Our software platform was built in an extensible, modular, and configurable fashion to support continued product expansion. We have technology, data, and service providers on our software platform, including an extensive marketplace of insurance carriers, realtors, and settlement agencies. Our products and marketplaces provide multiple opportunities for us to serve financial services firms and consumers and drive revenue growth.

The development of our business reflects continued product innovation as we continue to attract financial services firms to our software platform and grow with them as they serve consumers. Financial services firms have been shifting for years to a digital-first approach to acquiring consumers, delivering products, and deepening existing consumer relationships. This imperative to compete through digital-first consumer experiences creates a compelling opportunity for Blend. We believe there is a large, untapped opportunity to provide additional product offerings and drive increased transaction volume for financial institutions and consumers using our software platform.

We are continually seeking to enhance the end-to-end banking journeys we power through our software platform. To accelerate the adoption of innovations in our mortgage and home equity products, on June 30, 2021 we acquired 90.1% ownership of Title365, a leading title insurance agency that offers title, escrow and other trustee services.

We recently introduced Composable Origination, which gives our customers the ability to easily configure or build custom workflows from a pre-built set of components, all while leveraging existing infrastructure. Financial services firms can experience Composable Origination by building custom solutions using our Blend Builder Platform, or with pre-built solutions such as Instant Home Equity, Deposit Accounts, Credit Cards and more.

As we navigate through a challenging economic environment, we are focused on customer acquisition, maximizing existing partnerships and product expansion as well as efficient investment and disciplined cost management. We see opportunities for expansion into new markets, including markets outside the United States.

Recent Developments

Industry Trends

For the three months ended September 30, 2023, we have seen a 26% decrease in mortgage transactions, particularly refinance transactions, on our software platform compared to the three months ended September 30, 2022. We attribute the majority of this decrease to rapidly rising interest rates, decreased housing affordability, and uncertain worldwide political and economic conditions.

Workforce Reduction Plans

Since April 2022, we have implemented several workforce reduction actions as part of our broader efforts to improve cost efficiency and better align our operating structure with our business activities and the current market. Refer to Note 12, Restructuring, for additional information.

In the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, we incurred $9.1 million and $24.3 million respectively, in restructuring charges in relation to these workforce reductions.

On August 9, 2023, we committed to a fifth workforce reduction plan (the “August 2023 Plan”) in addition to the workforce reduction plans disclosed on January 10, 2023 (the “January 2023 Plan” and together with the August 2023 Plan, the “2023 Plans”), November 9, 2022 (the “November 2022 Plan”), August 15, 2022 (the “August 2022 Plan”) and April 18, 2022 (the “April 2022 Plan” and together with the November 2022 Plan and the August 2022 Plan, the “2022 Plans”). The August 2023 Plan further streamlines our title operations, as well as our corporate operations in research and development, sales and marketing, and general and administrative functions. The August 2023 Plan includes the elimination of approximately 150 then-current positions, or 19% of our onshore workforce, and approximately 20 vacancies that would otherwise have been filled. We incurred approximately $9.1 million in charges in connection with the August 2023 Plan, consisting of cash expenditures for severance payments, employee benefits, payroll taxes, related facilitation costs, and accelerated amortization of prepaid cash bonuses. The execution of the August 2023 Plan is expected to be substantially complete in the first quarter of 2024.

We may incur other charges or cash expenditures not currently contemplated due to unanticipated events that may occur as a result of or in connection with the implementation of any workforce reduction plan. Our implementation of any workforce reduction plan is subject to risks and uncertainties, including the possibility that there are impediments to our ability to execute any workforce reduction plan or related initiatives as currently contemplated, the actual charges in implementing the plans or related initiatives are higher than anticipated, there are changes to the assumptions on which the estimated charges associated with any workforce reduction plans or related initiatives are based, we are unable to achieve our projected cost savings in connection with any workforce reduction plans or related initiatives, or there are unintended consequences from any workforce reduction plans or related initiatives that impact our business.

Key Business Metrics

In addition to the measures presented in our consolidated financial statements, we use the following key business metrics to help us evaluate our business, identify trends affecting our business, formulate business plans, and make strategic decisions.

Blend Platform - Number of Mortgage Banking Transactions

Our success in the Blend Platform segment depends in part on increasing the volume of mortgage and consumer banking transactions that take place on our software platform. This occurs as we add new customers and complete more transactions with existing customers, including when our existing customers adopt additional products. Our software platform is built to be extensible, modular, and configurable, so that our customers can easily utilize our pre-built workflow technology, our marketplaces, and our integrations with technology, data, and service providers. We design our new offerings to be highly complementary to existing ones in order to increase the speed of adoption and efficiently scale our revenue. We believe this increasing attachment will increase our revenue.

Title - Closed Orders

In our Title segment, closed orders represent the number of orders for title insurance or escrow services that were successfully fulfilled in each period with the issuance of a title insurance policy or provision of escrow services. The volume of closed orders is affected by the overall level of real estate activity, which is cyclical in nature and is affected by a number of factors, including the availability of mortgage credit, the cost of real estate, interest rate volatility, consumer confidence, employment and family income levels, and general economic conditions.

Starting in 2023, the Title segment includes the digitally-enabled title component. This change reflects a corresponding change in how the Company’s CODM reviews financial information in order to allocate resources and assess performance. Refer to Note 15, Segments, for additional information.

The following table sets forth our key business metrics:


	Three Months Ended September 30,		Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2023	2022		2023	2022
	(In thousands)

Number of mortgage banking transactions(1)	217	292		639	1,020


(1) Includes estimated transactions for funded loans not yet reported for the quarter ended September 30, 2023
Title closed orders	4	11		13	52

Components of Results of Operations

Revenue

Blend Platform

In our Blend Platform segment, we generate revenue from fees paid by customers to access our platform. Fees are assessed based on completed transactions, such as a funded loan, new account opening, or closing transaction. Completed transaction fees are determined by the number and type of software platform components that are needed to support each product offering. We do not charge for abandoned or rejected applications, even though they cause us to incur costs related to these applications. Arrangements with our customers do not provide the contractual right to take possession of our software at any point in time. Revenue is recognized when access to our platform is provisioned to our customers for an amount that reflects the consideration we expect to be entitled to in exchange for those services. To a lesser extent, we generate revenue from professional services related to the deployment of our platform, client support services, and consulting services. We also earn revenue through commissions or service fees when consumers use our Blend Platform integrated marketplaces to select a property and casualty insurance carrier or real estate agent.

Our customers have the ability to access our platform under subscription arrangements, in which customers commit to a minimum number of completed transactions at specified prices over the contract term, or under usage-based arrangements, in which customers pay in arrears a variable amount for completed transactions at specified prices. Our subscription arrangements are generally noncancelable, and we may also earn additional overage fees if the number of completed transactions exceeds the contractual amounts. Our usage-based arrangements generally can be terminated at any time by the customer. We recognize revenue ratably for our subscription arrangements because the customer receives and consumes the benefits of our platform throughout the contract period. We recognize fees for usage-based arrangements as the completed transactions are processed using our platform. Over the last several quarters, we have seen a shift towards usage-based arrangements in our customer contracts. Revenue from usage-based arrangements represented 60% and 51% of our Blend Platform segment revenue for nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively.

Starting in 2023, the revenue in the Blend Platform segment excludes revenue from our digitally-enabled title solution, which is now reported as part of the Title segment. Prior period amounts have been reclassified to conform to current period presentation. Refer to Note 15, Segments, for additional information.

Title

In our Title segment, we earn revenue from title search services for title insurance policies, escrow, and other closing and settlement services. In performing title search services, we act as an agent to place and bind title insurance policies with third-party underwriters that ultimately provide the title insurance policy to our customers. Revenue related to title insurance is recognized net of the amount of consideration paid to the third-party insurance underwriters. Our revenues from escrow, closing, and settlement services are primarily associated with managing the closing of real estate transactions, including the processing of funds on behalf of the transaction participants, gathering and recording the required closing documents, and providing notary and other real estate or title-related activities. Revenue related to these services is recognized at the closing of the underlying real estate transaction. We also offer title services in connection with a borrower default and with the issuance of home equity lines of credit and home equity loans. Revenue for default title services and home equity services is recognized at the time of delivery of the title report.

Starting in 2023, the revenue in the Title segment includes revenue from our digitally-enabled title solution, which was previously reported as part of the Blend Platform segment. Prior period amounts have been reclassified to conform to current period presentation. Refer to Note 15, Segments, for additional information.

We expect that rising mortgage interest rates in the near term will continue to drive down transaction volume, especially refinance transactions volume, which will adversely affect both Blend Platform and Title revenue. While we believe that the Blend Platform segment will deliver positive growth in the long-term, we expect that the title insurance and other services revenue within the Title segment will continue to face significant headwinds to growth, and a decline due to the ongoing mortgage industry origination volume decline as described above within Recent Developments. We are continuing to evaluate the changes within the mortgage industry and the impact to our segments and their projected operating results.

Cost of Revenue

Blend Platform

In our Blend Platform segment, cost of revenue consists primarily of costs of subscribed hosting, support, and professional services. Costs of subscribed hosting services and support revenue consist primarily of expenses related to hosting our services, third-party fees related to platform connectivity services, which include verification of income, assets, and employment, software licenses, and expenses related to providing support to our customers.

Costs of professional services consist primarily of personnel-related expenses, including stock-based compensation expense, expenses associated with delivering implementation and other services, travel expenses, and allocated overhead costs. For each application submission, we incur third-party costs as described above, including costs for incomplete transactions for which we do not charge fees to our customers. The timing of those costs may not be aligned with the revenue recognized. We expect our cost of revenue to continue to increase in dollar amounts as we grow our business and revenue and decrease as a percentage of our revenue over the long term as we achieve greater scale in our business, although the percentage may fluctuate from period to period.

Title

In our Title segment, cost of revenue consists of costs of title, escrow and other trustee services, which represent primarily personnel-related expenses of our Title segment as well as title abstractor, notary, and the cost of recording services provided by external vendors. Starting in 2023, the cost of revenue in the Title segment includes cost of revenue related to our digitally-enabled title solution.

In future periods, we expect that cost of revenue as a percentage of revenue will increase in the near term primarily due to the anticipated decline in revenue driven by the decrease in projected mortgage industry origination volume caused by increased interest rates.

Operating Expenses

During 2022 and throughout 2023, we have taken actions to manage our operating expenses and focus our investments on initiatives critical to achieving our broader strategy. Over the course of the remaining portion of the fiscal year we expect to see ongoing improvements in our expenses from these actions.

Research and Development

Research and development expenses consist primarily of personnel-related expenses, including stock-based compensation expense, associated with our engineering personnel responsible for the design, development, and testing of new products and features, professional and outside services fees, software and hosting costs, and allocated overhead costs. Research and development costs are expensed as incurred.

Sales and Marketing

Sales and marketing expenses consist primarily of personnel-related expenses, including stock-based compensation expense, costs of general marketing activities and promotional activities, travel-related expenses, and allocated overhead costs. Sales commissions that are incremental costs of acquiring a contract with a customer as well as associated payroll taxes, are deferred

and amortized on a straight-line basis over the estimated period of benefit. Sales commissions that are not incremental costs of acquiring a contract with a customer are expensed in the period incurred.

General and Administrative

General and administrative expenses consist primarily of personnel-related expenses, including stock-based compensation expense for our finance, accounting, legal and compliance, human resources, and other administrative teams, certain executives, as well as stock-based compensation expense related to the stand-alone stock option award granted to our Co-Founder and Head of Blend in March 2021, and professional fees, including audit, legal and compliance, and recruiting services. In addition, general and administrative expenses include expenses related to the integration of Title365, which we expect to continue to decrease over time.

Amortization of acquired intangible assets

Amortization of acquired intangible assets relates to customer relationships acquired in connection with the Title365 business combination, which were amortized over the estimated useful life on a straight-line basis. No amortization was recorded in 2023 due to the full write off of the customer relationship intangible assets resulting from an impairment charge recognized in the year ended December 31, 2022.

Restructuring

Restructuring charges relate to our workforce reduction plans and are comprised of cash expenditures for compensation and severance payments, executive transition costs, employee benefits, payroll taxes and related facilitation costs. Refer to Note 12, Restructuring, for additional information.

Other Income (Expense), Net

Other income (expense), net consists primarily of interest income earned from our investment portfolio.

Interest Expense

Interest expense relates primarily to debt financing used to fund our acquisition of Title365 and includes interest payable under the terms of the Credit Agreement entered into in connection with the closing of the acquisition of Title365 and amortization of debt discounts and debt issuance costs.

Provision for Income Taxes

Provision for income taxes consists primarily of U.S. state and foreign income taxes. We maintain a full valuation allowance on our net federal and state deferred tax assets as we have concluded that it is not more likely than not that such net deferred tax assets will be realized.

Results of Operations

The following tables set forth our results of operations for the periods presented in dollars and as a percentage of our revenue:


	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2023		2022		2023		2022
	(In thousands)
Revenue
Software	$	26,505	$	28,161	$	77,590	$	90,345
Professional services	2,137		1,808		6,087		5,801
Title	11,949		25,384		37,065		96,270
Total revenue	40,591		55,353		120,742		192,416
Cost of revenue(1)
Software	5,675		6,809		16,964		24,151
Professional services	2,937		3,084		8,448		11,371
Title	9,916		24,350		33,921		81,650
Total cost of revenue	18,528		34,243		59,333		117,172
Gross profit	22,063		21,110		61,409		75,244
Operating expenses:
Research and development(1)	18,826		34,240		67,174		104,846
Sales and marketing(1)	14,494		20,518		48,190		65,297
General and administrative(1)	15,819		32,140		56,146		105,714
Amortization of acquired intangible assets	—		275		—		8,411
Impairment of intangible assets and goodwill	—		57,857		—		449,680
Restructuring	9,122		5,936		24,254		12,316
Total operating expenses	58,261		150,966		195,764		746,264
Loss from operations	(36,198)		(129,856)		(134,355)		(671,020)
Interest expense	(8,210)		(6,158)		(23,726)		(17,442)
Other income (expense), net	2,632		3,281		8,746		3,378
Loss before income taxes	(41,776)		(132,733)		(149,335)		(685,084)
Income tax (expense) benefit	(44)		(14)		(168)		2,717
Net loss	$	(41,820)	$	(132,747)	$	(149,503)	$	(682,367)


(1)Includes stock-based compensation as follows:	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2023		2022		2023		2022
	(In thousands)
Cost of revenue	$	227	$	452	$	979	$	1,495
Research and development	4,090		12,274		17,050		34,656
Sales and marketing	1,577		2,749		6,291		8,451
General and administrative	3,148		12,476		15,478		36,909
Total stock-based compensation	$	9,042	$	27,951	$	39,798	$	81,511


	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2023		2022		2023		2022
	(as a % of revenue)*
Revenue
Software	65	%	51	%	64	%	47	%
Professional services	5		3		5		3
Title	30		46		31		50
Total revenue	100		100		100		100
Cost of revenue
Software	14		12		14		13
Professional services	7		6		7		6
Title	25		44		28		42
Total cost of revenue	46		62		49		61
Gross margin	54		38		51		39
Operating expenses:
Research and development	47		62		55		54
Sales and marketing	36		37		40		34
General and administrative	39		58		47		55
Amortization of acquired intangible assets	—		—		—		4
Impairment of intangible assets and goodwill	—		105		—		234
Restructuring	22		11		20		6
Total operating expenses	144		273		162		388
Loss from operations	(89)		(235)		(111)		(349)
Interest expense	(20)		(11)		(20)		(9)
Other income (expense), net	6		6		7		2
Loss before income taxes	(103)		(240)		(124)		(356)
Income tax (expense) benefit	—		—		—		1
Net loss	(103)	%	(240)	%	(124)	%	(355)	%

____________

*Certain percentages may not foot due to rounding

Comparison of the Three Months Ended September 30, 2023 and 2022

Revenue and Cost of Revenue


	Three Months Ended September 30,
	2023		2022		$ Change		% Change
	(In thousands)
Segment revenue:
Blend Platform:
Mortgage Suite	$	20,306	$	22,897	$	(2,591)	(11	%)
Consumer Banking Suite	6,199		5,264		935		18	%
Professional Services	2,137		1,808		329		18	%
Total Blend Platform revenue	28,642		29,969		(1,327)		(4	%)
Title:
Traditional	8,701		19,303		(10,602)		(55	%)
Digitally-enabled	3,248		6,081		(2,833)		(47	%)
Total Title revenue	11,949		25,384		(13,435)		(53	%)
Total revenue	$	40,591	$	55,353	$	(14,762)	(27	%)
Segment cost of revenue:
Blend Platform	$	8,612	$	9,893	$	(1,281)	(13	%)
Title	9,916		24,350		(14,434)		(59	%)
Total cost of revenue	$	18,528	$	34,243	$	(15,715)	(46	%)
Segment gross profit:
Blend Platform	$	20,030	$	20,076	$	(46)	—	%
Title	2,033		1,034		999		97	%
Total gross profit	$	22,063	$	21,110	$	953	5	%

Revenue decreased $14.8 million, or 27%, for the three months ended September 30, 2023 compared to the three months ended September 30, 2022, driven by a decrease in Title segment revenue of $13.4 million, or 53%, primarily due to the lower volume of title orders, and a decrease in Blend Platform revenue of $1.3 million, or 4%. Within Blend Platform revenue, Mortgage Suite revenue decreased $2.6 million, or 11%, primarily due to the lower volume of mortgage banking transactions, particularly refinance transactions, with our customers, Consumer Banking Suite revenue increased $0.9 million, or 18%, primarily due to the increase in home equity, deposit accounts, and personal loan transactions, and Professional Services revenue increased by $0.3 million, or 18%, primarily due to an increase in professional services associated with the deployment and support of our platform.

Cost of revenue decreased $15.7 million, or 46%, for the three months ended September 30, 2023 compared to the three months ended September 30, 2022, driven by a decrease of $14.4 million, or 59% within the Title segment, primarily due to the lower volume of title orders, and a decrease in Blend Platform cost of revenue of $1.3 million, or 13%, primarily due to the lower volume of mortgage banking transactions.

Operating Expenses


	Three Months Ended September 30,
	2023		2022		$ Change		% Change
	(In thousands)
Operating expenses:
Research and development	$	18,826	$	34,240	$	(15,414)	(45	%)
Sales and marketing	14,494		20,518		(6,024)		(29	%)
General and administrative	15,819		32,140		(16,321)		(51	%)
Amortization of acquired intangible assets	—		275		(275)		(100	%)
Impairment of intangible assets and goodwill	—		57,857		(57,857)		(100	%)
Restructuring	9,122		5,936		3,186		54	%
Total operating expenses	$	58,261	$	150,966	$	(92,705)	(61	%)

Research and Development

Research and development expenses decreased $15.4 million, or 45%, for the three months ended September 30, 2023 compared to the three months ended September 30, 2022. The decrease was primarily due to a $5.9 million decrease in personnel related expenses and a $8.2 million decrease in stock-based compensation expense attributable to a decrease in headcount, in each case, related to our restructuring actions, and a $1.3 million decrease in professional and outside services.

Sales and Marketing

Sales and marketing expenses decreased $6.0 million, or 29%, for the three months ended September 30, 2023 compared to the three months ended September 30, 2022. The decrease was primarily due to a $2.4 million decrease in commissions, a $1.3 million decrease in personnel related expenses, and a $1.2 million decrease in stock-based compensation expense attributable to a decrease in headcount, in each case, related to our restructuring actions.

General and Administrative

General and administrative expenses decreased $16.3 million, or 51%, for the three months ended September 30, 2023 compared to the three months ended September 30, 2022. The decrease was primarily due to a $4.7 million decrease in personnel related expenses and a $9.3 million decrease in stock-based compensation expense attributable to a decrease in headcount, in each case, related to our restructuring actions, a $0.8 million decrease in insurance, and a $0.9 million decrease in software and hosting costs.

Amortization of acquired intangible assets

Amortization of acquired intangible assets decreased $0.3 million, or 100%, for the three months ended September 30, 2023 compared to the three months ended September 30, 2022, due to the full write off of the customer relationship intangible assets from the Title365 acquisition resulting from an impairment charge recognized in 2022.

Impairment of intangible assets and goodwill

Impairment of intangible assets and goodwill decreased $57.9 million, or 100%, for the three months ended September 30, 2023 compared to the three months ended September 30, 2022, due to the impairment charges recorded in connection with an interim quantitative impairment review of the intangible assets and goodwill within the Title365 reporting unit performed as of September 30, 2022.

Restructuring

Restructuring expenses increased $3.2 million, or 54%, for the three months ended September 30, 2023 compared to the three months ended September 30, 2022. The increase is attributable to the charges under the August 2023 Plan, which eliminated approximately 150 positions and included a $2.1 million charge related to accelerated amortization of prepaid cash bonuses issued in the first and second quarter of 2023 to certain employees in lieu of previously committed equity-based awards in addition to expenditures for cash compensation, severance, employee benefits and facilitation costs, while the August 2022 plan eliminated approximately 140 positions and did not include a charge related to the accelerated expense consisting of prepaid cash bonuses.

Interest Expense


	Three Months Ended September 30,
	2023		2022		$ Change		% Change
	(In thousands)
Interest expense	$	(8,210)	$	(6,158)	$	(2,052)	33	%

Interest expense increased $2.1 million, or 33%, for the three months ended September 30, 2023 compared to the three months ended September 30, 2022, primarily due to the increase in interest rate on the $225.0 million Term Loan under the Credit Agreement. The borrowings under the Credit Agreement accrue interest at a floating rate which can be, at our option, either (i) an adjusted Term SOFR rate for a specified interest period plus an applicable margin of 7.50% or (ii) a base rate plus an applicable margin of 6.50%. The effective interest rate on our Term Loan was approximately 14.68% and 11.76% as of September 30, 2023 and September 30, 2022, respectively.

Other Income (Expense), net


	Three Months Ended September 30,
	2023		2022		$ Change		% Change
	(In thousands)
Other income (expense), net	$	2,632	$	3,281	$	(649)	(20	%)

Other income (expense), net decreased $0.6 million for the three months ended September 30, 2023 compared to the three months ended September 30, 2022. The decrease was primarily due to a $2.9 million gain on investment on non-marketable equity securities recognized in 2022, partially offset by the $2.4 million increase in interest income on our investment portfolio in the three months ended September 30, 2023 as compared to three months ended September 30, 2022.

Income Tax (Expense) Benefit


	Three Months Ended September 30,
	2023		2022		$ Change		% Change
	(In thousands)
Income tax (expense) benefit	$	(44)	$	(14)	$	(30)	214	%

The increase in income tax expense for the three months ended September 30, 2023 compared to the three months ended September 30, 2022 was immaterial.

Comparison of the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2023 and 2022

Revenue and Cost of Revenue


	Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2023		2022		$ Change		% Change
	(In thousands)
Segment revenue:
Blend Platform:
Mortgage Suite	$	60,371	$	76,627	$	(16,256)	(21	%)
Consumer Banking Suite	17,219		13,718		3,501		26	%
Professional Services	6,087		5,801		286		5	%
Total Blend Platform revenue	83,677		96,146		(12,469)		(13	%)
Title:
Traditional	27,492		89,895		(62,403)		(69	%)
Digitally-enabled	9,573		6,375		3,198		50	%
Total Title revenue	37,065		96,270		(59,205)		(61	%)
Total revenue	$	120,742	$	192,416	$	(71,674)	(37	%)
Segment cost of revenue:
Blend Platform	$	25,412	$	35,522	$	(10,110)	(28	%)
Title	33,921		81,650		(47,729)		(58	%)
Total cost of revenue	$	59,333	$	117,172	$	(57,839)	(49	%)
Segment gross profit:
Blend Platform	$	58,265	$	60,624	$	(2,359)	(4	%)
Title	3,144		14,620		(11,476)		(78	%)
Total gross profit	$	61,409	$	75,244	$	(13,835)	(18	%)

Revenue decreased $71.7 million, or 37%, for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2022, driven by a decrease in Title segment revenue of $59.2 million, or 61%, primarily due to the lower volume of title orders, and a decrease in Blend Platform revenue of $12.5 million, or 13%. Within Blend Platform revenue, Mortgage Suite revenue decreased $16.3 million, or 21%, primarily due to the lower volume of mortgage banking transactions, particularly refinance transactions, with our customers. Consumer Banking Suite revenue increased $3.5 million, or 26%, primarily due to the increase in home equity, deposit accounts, and personal loan transactions.

Cost of revenue decreased $57.8 million, or 49%, for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2022, driven by a decrease of $47.7 million, or 58% within the Title segment, primarily due to the lower volume of title orders, and a decrease in Blend Platform cost of revenue of $10.1 million, or 28%, primarily due to the lower volume of mortgage banking transactions.


	Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2023		2022		$ Change		% Change
	(In thousands)
Operating expenses:
Research and development	$	67,174	$	104,846	$	(37,672)	(36	%)
Sales and marketing	48,190		65,297		(17,107)		(26	%)
General and administrative	56,146		105,714		(49,568)		(47	%)
Amortization of acquired intangible assets	—		8,411		(8,411)		(100	%)
Impairment of intangible assets and goodwill	—		449,680		(449,680)		(100	%)
Restructuring	24,254		12,316		11,938		97	%
Total operating expenses	$	195,764	$	746,264	$	(550,500)	(74	%)

Research and Development

Research and development expenses decreased $37.7 million, or 36%, for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2022. The decrease was primarily due to a $16.9 million decrease in personnel related expenses and a $17.6 million decrease in stock-based compensation expense attributable to a decrease in headcount, in each case, related to our restructuring actions, and a $3.0 million decrease in professional and outside services.

Sales and Marketing

Sales and marketing expenses decreased $17.1 million, or 26%, for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2022. The decrease was primarily due to a $9.6 million decrease in personnel related expenses and a $2.2 million decrease in stock-based compensation expense, and a $3.1 million decrease in commissions, attributable to a decrease in headcount, in each case, related to our restructuring actions.

General and Administrative

General and administrative expenses decreased $49.6 million, or 47%, for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2022. The decrease was primarily due to a $17.6 million decrease in personnel expenses and a $21.4 million decrease in stock-based compensation expense attributable to a decrease in headcount, in each case, related to our restructuring actions, as well as a $4.0 million decrease in insurance, a $2.3 million decrease in software and hosting costs, a $1.4 million decrease in professional services, and a $1.5 million decrease in facilities costs.

Amortization of acquired intangible assets

Amortization of acquired intangible assets decreased $8.4 million, or 100%, for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2022, due to the full write off of the customer relationship intangible assets from the Title365 acquisition resulting from an impairment charge recognized in 2022.

Impairment of intangible assets and goodwill

Impairment of intangible assets and goodwill decreased $449.7 million, or 100%, for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2022, due to the impairment charges recorded in connection with an interim quantitative impairment review of the intangible assets and goodwill within the Title365 reporting unit performed as of September 30, 2022.

Restructuring

Restructuring expenses increased $11.9 million, or 97%, for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2022 due to the execution of the 2023 Plans, which were larger than the 2022 Plans. The restructuring charges included cash expenditures for compensation and severance payments, executive transition costs, employee benefits, payroll taxes and related facilitation costs.

Interest Expense


	Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2023		2022		$ Change		% Change
	(In thousands)
Interest expense	$	(23,726)	$	(17,442)	$	(6,284)	36	%

Interest expense increased $6.3 million, or 36%, for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2022, primarily due to the increase in interest rate on the $225.0 million Term Loan under the Credit Agreement. The borrowings under the Credit Agreement accrue interest at a floating rate which can be, at our option, either (i) an adjusted Term SOFR rate for a specified interest period plus an applicable margin of 7.50% or (ii) a base rate plus an applicable margin of 6.50%. The effective interest rate on our Term Loan was approximately 14.68% and 11.76% as of September 30, 2023 and September 30, 2022, respectively.

Other Income (Expense), net


	Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2023		2022		$ Change		% Change
	(In thousands)
Other income (expense), net	$	8,746	$	3,378	$	5,368	159	%

Other income (expense), net increased $5.4 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2022, primarily due to a $8.1 million increase in interest income on our investment portfolio, partially offset by $2.9 million gain on investment on non-marketable equity securities recognized in 2022.

Income Tax (Expense) Benefit


	Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2023		2022		$ Change		% Change
	(In thousands)
Income tax (expense) benefit	$	(168)	$	2,717	$	(2,885)	(106	%)

Income tax (expense) benefit decreased $2.9 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2022, primarily due to an adjustment to the valuation allowance resulting from changes in U.S. tax law requiring capitalization and amortization of research and development costs for tax purposes recorded in 2022.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

Since our inception, we have financed our operations primarily through proceeds from the issuance of our stock and warrants and cash generated from the sale of our product offerings, as well as debt financing. As of September 30, 2023, our principal sources of liquidity were cash, cash equivalents, marketable securities of $245.0 million, and availability of credit under our $25.0 million senior secured revolving credit facility. Cash and cash equivalents are comprised of bank deposits and money market funds. Marketable securities are comprised of U.S. treasury and agency securities, commercial paper, and corporate debt securities. Most of our cash and cash equivalents are held in the United States.

We have generated significant losses from operations and negative cash flows from operating activities in the past as reflected in our accumulated deficit of $1,311.3 million as of September 30, 2023. We expect to continue to incur operating losses for the foreseeable future due to the investments that we intend to make in our business, and the decline in our revenue due to the current macroeconomic environment and, as a result, we may require additional capital resources to grow our business.

Credit Agreement

In connection with our acquisition of Title365, on June 30, 2021, we entered into a credit agreement that provides for a $225.0 million term facility and a $25.0 million revolving facility. The term facility was funded on July 1, 2021, and was fully drawn upon to provide, in part, the acquisition consideration being paid in connection with the purchase of a 90.1% interest in Title365. The revolving facility is currently available and undrawn.

There is no amortization of the outstanding principal amount under our credit facility; all principal amounts thereunder are payable on the maturity date which is the fifth anniversary of the closing of the credit facility.

The obligations under our credit facility are guaranteed by all of our domestic subsidiaries (other than Title365 and its direct and indirect subsidiaries and subject to certain thresholds and other exceptions), and secured by a lien on substantially all of our and our subsidiaries’ assets (other than the equity issued by, and the assets of, Title365 and its direct and indirect subsidiaries and subject to certain thresholds and other exceptions).

Our credit facility subjects us to certain affirmative and negative covenants, financial reporting obligations, and a minimum liquidity threshold that is tested quarterly. It also requires mandatory prepayment of all or a portion of the outstanding debt thereunder in certain circumstances.

Material Cash Requirements

Our material cash requirements arising from known contractual and other obligations primarily relate to our obligations under our Credit Agreement, leases for our office locations, and purchase commitments. There have been no significant changes in our material cash requirements from the contractual obligations described in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022, except for new minimum purchase commitments of $17.5 million that we entered into in June 2023 for cloud computing services through June 2026.

In August 2023, we committed to the August 2023 Plan, which further streamlines our title operations, as well as our corporate operations in research and development, sales and marketing, and general and administrative functions. The August 2023 Plan eliminated approximately 150 current positions, or 19% of our current onshore workforce, and approximately 20 vacancies. We incurred approximately $9.1 million in charges in connection with the August 2023 Plan, including a $2.1 million acceleration of amortization of prepaid cash bonuses. The execution of the August 2023 Plan is expected to be complete in the first quarter of 2024. The eliminated positions represent annualized compensation expenses of approximately $33.0 million.

We believe that current cash, cash equivalents, marketable securities, and the availability of credit under our revolving credit facility will be sufficient to fund our operations for at least the next 12 months. Our future capital requirements, however, will depend on the timing of a recovery in the mortgage market, continued growth in our customer base, the timing and extent of spending to support our research and development efforts, the expansion of sales and marketing activities, the introduction of new and enhanced products and features, and the continuing market adoption of Blend’s software platform and the effectiveness of our efforts to improve cost efficiency. We may in the future enter into arrangements to acquire or invest in complementary businesses, services, and technologies, including intellectual property rights. In the event that additional financing is required from outside sources, we may seek to raise additional funds at any time through equity, equity-linked arrangements, and debt. If we are unable to raise additional capital when desired and at reasonable rates, our business, results of operations, and financial condition would be adversely affected. See the section titled “Risk Factors"—Risks Related to Our Business—Our failure to raise additional capital or generate cash flows necessary to expand our operations and invest in new technologies in the future could reduce our ability to compete successfully and harm our results of operations.”

Cash Flows

The following table summarizes our cash flows for the periods indicated:


	Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2023		2022
	(In thousands)
Net cash used in operating activities	$	(106,930)	$	(143,085)
Net cash provided by investing activities	74,069		42,044
Net cash (used in) provided by financing activities	(4,837)		2,179
Effect of exchange rates on cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash	(10)		160
Net decrease in cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash	$	(37,708)	$	(98,702)

Cash Used in Operating Activities

Our largest source of operating cash is cash collections from our customers, and our primary uses of cash in operations are for employee-related expenditures, sales and marketing expenses, and third-party hosting costs.

Net cash used in operating activities for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, was $106.9 million and $143.1 million, respectively. The increase in cash used in operations reflects our net loss adjusted for noncash items, such as charges associated with stock-based compensation, depreciation and amortization, change in deferred taxes, amortization of deferred contract costs, amortization of operating lease right-of-use assets, and amortization of debt discount and issuance costs on our long-term debt, and changes in operating assets and liabilities. Fluctuations in operating assets and liabilities are affected primarily by changes in trade and other receivables, prepaid expenses and other current assets, accrued compensation, deferred revenue, accounts payable and other liabilities.

Cash Provided by Investing Activities

Net cash provided by investing activities during the nine months ended September 30, 2023 was $74.1 million, which was primarily due to maturities of marketable securities of $277.9 million, mostly offset by $203.3 million used in purchase of marketable securities.

Net cash provided by investing activities during the nine months ended September 30, 2022 was $42.0 million, which was primarily due to maturities of marketable securities of $139.9 million, offset by $96.2 million used in purchase of marketable securities and $1.6 million in purchases of property and equipment and internal-use software.

Cash (Used in) Provided by Financing Activities

Net cash used in financing activities for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 was $4.8 million, primarily consisting of repurchases of shares to satisfy minimum tax withholding.

Net cash provided by financing activities for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 was $2.2 million, primarily consisting of proceeds from the exercises of stock options of $2.6 million, net of repurchases.

Contingent Obligations

We administer escrow and trust deposits held at third-party financial institutions representing funds received under real estate contracts, escrowed funds received under escrow agreements, and/or undisbursed amounts received for settlement of mortgage and home equity loans. Cash held for these purposes was approximately $5.3 million, net of outstanding checks in transit of $25.3 million as of September 30, 2023. These funds are not considered assets of ours and, therefore, are not included in our unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheet; however, we are contingently liable for the disposition of these funds on behalf of consumers.

As of September 30, 2023, we did not have any other relationships with unconsolidated entities or financial partnerships, such as structured finance or special purpose entities that were established for the purpose of facilitating off-balance sheet arrangements or other purposes.

Critical Accounting Estimates

Our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements and the related notes thereto included elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q are prepared in accordance with the U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“U.S. GAAP”). The preparation of our condensed consolidated financial statements in accordance with U.S. GAAP requires us to make estimates, judgments, and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenue, costs, and expenses, and related disclosures. We base our estimates on historical experience and on various other assumptions that we believe to be reasonable under the circumstances. Our actual results may differ from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions. To the extent that there are differences between our estimates and actual results, our future financial statement presentation, financial condition, results of operations, and cash flows could be affected.

There have been no material changes to our critical accounting estimates as described in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

Refer to Note 2, Summary of Significant Accounting Policies, of the Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements in Part I, Item 1 of this Form 10-Q.

ITEM 3. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK

We are exposed to certain market risks in the ordinary course of our business. These risks primarily include:

Interest Rate Risk

We had cash and cash equivalents of $84.6 million and marketable securities and other investments of $160.4 million as of September 30, 2023, which consisted of bank deposits, money market funds, U.S. treasury and agency securities, commercial paper, and corporate debt securities. The cash and cash equivalents are held primarily for working capital purposes. Such interest-earning instruments carry a degree of interest rate risk. To date, fluctuations in interest income have not been significant. The primary objective of our investment activities is to preserve principal while maximizing income without significantly increasing risk. We do not enter into investments for trading or speculative purposes and have not used any derivative financial instruments to manage our interest rate risk exposure. Due to the short-term nature of our investments, we have not been exposed to, nor do we anticipate being exposed to, material risks due to changes in interest rates. A hypothetical 100 basis points change in interest rates during any of the periods presented would not have had a material impact on our investments.

As of September 30, 2023, we had $225.0 million of principal outstanding under our Term Loan. Our borrowings under the Term Loan accrue interest at a floating rate which can be, at our option, either (i) an adjusted Term SOFR rate for a specified interest period plus an applicable margin of 7.50% or (ii) a base rate plus an applicable margin of 6.50%. The applicable interest rate was 12.93%. An increase of 100 basis points in the applicable interest rate would increase our annual interest expense by approximately $2.3 million. A decrease of 100 basis points in the applicable interest rate would decrease our annual interest expense by approximately $2.3 million.

Inflation Risk

Inflationary factors such as increases in overhead costs may adversely affect our operating results. Although we do not believe that inflation has had a material impact on our financial condition or results of operations to date, a high rate of inflation in the future may have an adverse effect on our ability to maintain current levels of operating expenses as a percentage of revenue, if the selling prices of our products do not increase with these increased costs.

ITEM 4. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

Our management, with the participation of our principal executive officer and principal financial officer, has evaluated the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”)), as of the end of the period covered by this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. Our disclosure controls and procedures are designed to provide reasonable assurance that information we are required to disclose in reports that we file or submit under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized, and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms, and that such information is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our principal executive officer and principal financial officer, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.

Based on such evaluation, our principal executive officer and principal financial officer have concluded that, as of such date, our disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of September 30, 2023.

Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting

There were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting identified in management’s evaluation pursuant to Rules 13a-15(d) or 15d-15(d) of the Exchange Act during the period covered by this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q that materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

Inherent Limitations on Effectiveness of Controls

Our management, including our principal executive officer and principal financial officer, do not expect that our disclosure controls and procedures or our internal control over financial reporting will prevent all errors and all fraud. A control system, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable, not absolute, assurance that the objectives of the control system are met. Further, the design of a control system must reflect the fact that there are resource constraints, and the benefits of controls must be considered relative to their costs. Because of the inherent limitations in all control systems, no evaluation of controls can provide absolute assurance that all control issues and instances of fraud, if any, have been detected. These inherent limitations include the realities that judgments in decision-making can be faulty, and that breakdowns can occur because of a simple error or mistake. Additionally, controls can be circumvented by the individual acts of some persons, by collusion of two or more people, or by management override of the controls. The design of any system of controls is also based in part upon certain assumptions about the likelihood of future events, and there can be no assurance that any design will succeed in achieving its stated goals under all potential future conditions; over time, controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or the degree of compliance with policies or procedures may deteriorate. Due to inherent limitations in a cost-effective control system, misstatements due to error or fraud may occur and not be detected.

PART II – OTHER INFORMATION

ITEM 1. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS

From time to time, we may become involved in legal proceedings or be subject to claims arising in the normal course of business. We are not presently party to any litigation that, if determined adversely to us, we believe would be likely to have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations, or cash flows.

Future litigation may be necessary, among other things, to defend ourselves or our customers by determining the scope, enforceability, and validity of third-party proprietary rights or to establish our proprietary rights. The results of any litigation cannot be predicted with certainty, particularly in the areas of unsettled and evolving law in which we operate, and an unfavorable resolution in any legal proceedings could materially affect our future business, financial condition, or results of operations. Regardless of the outcome, litigation can have an adverse impact on us because of defense and settlement costs, diversion of management resources, and other factors.

ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS

Our business involves significant risks, some of which are described below. You should carefully consider the risks and uncertainties described below, together with all of the other information in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, including the section titled “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations,” and our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements and related notes. Any of the following risks could have an adverse effect on our business, results of operations, financial condition, or prospects, and could cause the trading price of our Class A common stock to decline. Our business, financial condition, results of operations, or prospects could also be harmed by risks and uncertainties not currently known to us or that we currently do not believe are material. If any of the risks actually occur, our business, financial condition, results of operations, and prospects could be adversely affected. In that event, the market price of our Class A common stock could decline, and you could lose part or all of your investment. Our Risk Factors are not guarantees that no such conditions exist as of the date of this report and should not be interpreted as an affirmative statement that such risks or conditions have not materialized, in whole or in part.

Risk Factors Summary

The risks and uncertainties to which our business is subject include, but are not limited to, the following:

•Our business is substantially dependent on revenue from the financial services industry and is therefore subject to risks impacting the mortgage industry and the larger financial services industry;

•Increases in market interest rates have, and will likely continue to, adversely affect our business, financial condition, and results of operations;

•Unfavorable conditions in our industry or the global economy or reductions in technology spending could limit our ability to grow our business and adversely affect our financial conditions and results of operations;

•We have a history of net losses, and we may not be able to achieve or maintain profitability in the future;

•A large percentage of our revenue is concentrated with a small number of key customers, and if our relationships with any of these key customers were to be terminated or the level of business with them significantly reduced over time, our business, financial condition, results of operations, and future prospects would be adversely affected;

•If we fail to retain our existing customers or to acquire new customers in a cost-effective manner, or if our customers fail to maintain their utilization of our products and services, our revenue may decrease and our business, financial condition, and results of operations could be adversely affected;

•We face intense competition, and if we are unable to compete effectively, our business, financial condition, and results of operations could be adversely affected;

•We have previously experienced periods of rapid growth; however, our growth rate has fluctuated and may continue to fluctuate in the future;

•We have a limited operating history in an evolving industry, which makes it difficult to evaluate our future prospects and may increase the risk that we will not be successful;

•Our business, financial condition, and results of operations depend on our ability to adapt to technological change as well as global trends in the way customers access cloud-based banking software and successfully introduce new and enhanced products, services and business models;

•Our results of operations have fluctuated from period to period, which has caused the market price of our Class A common stock to fluctuate;

•We operate under a success-based model and often rely on self-reporting of completed transactions by our customers, which can make it difficult to estimate and forecast revenue;

•We have in the past, and may in the future, make strategic acquisitions or enter into partnerships, strategic collaborations, joint ventures or licensing agreements and investments, and we face risks related to

execution and the integration of such acquisitions or investments and the management of any associated growth;

•The impairment of intangible assets, goodwill, and other assets arising from any future acquisitions or investments may have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition, and results of operations;

•A cyberattack, security breach or incident affecting us or the third parties we rely on or partner with could expose us or our customers and consumers to a risk of loss or misuse of confidential information and have an adverse effect on our reputation, brand, business, financial condition, and results of operations;

•We may be subject to claims, lawsuits, government investigations, and other proceedings that may adversely affect our business, financial condition, and results of operations;

•Our customers are, and in some cases we are or may be, subject to, and we facilitate compliance with, a variety of federal, state, and local laws, including those related to consumer protection and financial services;

•We depend on the interoperability of our platform across third-party applications and services that we do not control;

•Failure to adequately protect our intellectual property could adversely affect our business, financial condition, and results of operations;

•We have previously identified a material weakness in our internal control over financial reporting and may identify additional material weaknesses in the future or otherwise fail to maintain an effective system of internal controls, which may result in material misstatements of our consolidated financial statements or cause us to fail to meet our periodic reporting obligations;

•The trading price of our Class A common stock may be volatile, and you could lose all or part of your investment; and

•The multi-class structure of our common stock has the effect of concentrating voting power with Nima Ghamsari, Head of Blend, Co-Founder, and Chair of our board of directors, which will severely limit your ability to influence or direct the outcome of matters submitted to our stockholders for approval, including the election of our board of directors, the adoption of amendments to our certificate of incorporation (the “Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation”) and amended and restated bylaws, and the approval of any merger, consolidation, sale of all or substantially all of our assets or other major corporate transaction.

Risks Related to Our Business and Operations

Our business is substantially dependent on revenue from the financial services industry and, is therefore subject to risks impacting the mortgage industry and the larger financial services industry.

A substantial majority of the transactions enabled through our platform and title orders processed relate to mortgage loans and refinances, and our financial prospects depend significantly on the financial services industry ecosystem. Recently, there has been significant volatility and instability among banks and financial institutions. For example since March 2023, Silicon Valley Bank (“SVB”), Signature Bank, Silvergate Capital Corp. and First Republic Bank have each gone into receivership and Credit Suisse Group AG was acquired to prevent its failure. These events, and others have resulted in significant uncertainty, including concerns about systemic risks and we cannot predict the short term or long term impacts on the financial services industry. Certain of our financial services customers have experienced downturns, which may impact the amount they spend with us. To the extent our financial services customers or potential customers fail or experience further downturns due to challenges in the general macroeconomic environment or adverse conditions in the financial or credit markets, these firms may decrease the amount of money they spend with us, or stop spending with us entirely. In addition, increased competition to financial services firms from challenger banks and technology disruptors as well as decreases in consumer demand

in the financial services industry in general could adversely affect the demand for our product and, in turn, the number of customers and their consumers using our platform.

The mortgage market is heavily influenced by government policies and overall economic conditions. The real estate environment, including interest rates and the general economic environment, typically impacts demand for mortgage and mortgage-related products. An increase in interest rates due to efforts by the Federal Reserve to manage rising inflation, combined with ongoing supply constraints, resulted in a decline in mortgage origination activity in 2022, which has persisted in 2023 and could bring further reductions in future periods. In their latest published update, the Mortgage Bankers Association indicated that overall mortgage originations, including refinancing loans, are expected to further decline in 2023. As a large portion of our revenue is driven by mortgage and mortgage-related transaction volumes, declines in mortgage origination volumes have had and are likely to continue to have adverse effects on our business. The number of mortgage loans and refinances has been and may continue to be affected by negative trends in the general economy in the United States and abroad, including conditions resulting from changes in gross domestic product, financial and credit market fluctuations, the potential recessionary environment and macroeconomic uncertainty, increased interest rates, the availability and cost of credit, reductions in business and consumer confidence, stock market volatility, increased unemployment, political turmoil, pandemics, natural catastrophes, warfare, such as the current war in Ukraine and the potential effects of sanctions, the current conflict in Israel, and terrorist attacks on the United States, Europe, the Middle East region, the Asia Pacific region or elsewhere, and any such decrease in mortgage origination volumes is likely to have an adverse impact on our business.

Increases in market interest rates have, and will likely continue to, adversely affect our business, financial condition, and results of operations.

Increasing interest rates have adversely impacted the spending levels of consumers and their ability and willingness to borrow money. In most cases, higher interest rates have led to higher loan rates charged to consumers, which has adversely affected the ability of our customers to generate volume and in turn, the number of transactions enabled through our platform and thus our ability to generate revenue from such transactions. The U.S. Federal Reserve raised the federal funds interest rates an aggregate of 4.25% over the course of 2022. The U.S. Federal Reserve further raised the federal funds interest rate in 2023 for an aggregate of 1.0%. As a result of interest rate increases, consumers and financial services firms may be less inclined to borrow money for mortgages, or to refinance existing mortgages, which may result in less engagement with our platform and/or our services. We have experienced, and may continue to experience, a reduction in the volume of transactions enabled through our platform and the value of title orders processed. In addition, revenue generated from such transactions may decline faster than our ability to reduce expenses, and such declines have and may continue to adversely affect our business, financial condition, and results of operations.

Unfavorable conditions in our industry or the global economy or reductions in technology spending could limit our ability to grow our business and adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations.

Our results of operations have and are expected to continue to vary based on the impact of changes in our industry or the U.S. economy on us or our customers. Our revenue growth and potential profitability depend on demand for our solutions. Economic uncertainties have and could continue to adversely affect our business and results of operations. Negative conditions in the general economy in the United States and abroad, including conditions resulting from changes in gross domestic product growth, financial and credit market fluctuations, the potential recessionary environment and macroeconomic uncertainty, increased interest rates, the availability and cost of credit, reductions in business and consumer confidence, stock market volatility, increased unemployment, political turmoil, pandemics, natural catastrophes, warfare, such as the current war in Ukraine and the potential effects of sanctions, the current conflict in Israel, and terrorist attacks on the United States, Europe, the Middle East region, the Asia Pacific region or elsewhere, has caused and could further cause a decrease in lending activity and business investments, including spending on technology, and as a result, negatively affect the growth of our business. To the extent our solutions are perceived by customers and potential customers as costly, or too difficult to deploy or migrate to, our revenue may be disproportionately affected by delays or reductions in general technology spending. Also, competitors, some of whom are larger and more established than we are, may respond to market conditions by

lowering prices and attempting to lure away our customers. We cannot predict the timing, strength or duration of any economic slowdown, instability or recovery, generally or within any particular industry. If the economic conditions of the general economy or markets in which we operate worsen from present levels, our business, financial condition, and results of operations could be adversely affected.

We have a history of net losses, and we may not be able to achieve or maintain profitability in the future.

We have incurred net losses in each period since our inception in 2012, and we may not be able to achieve or maintain profitability in the future. We incurred a net loss of $720.2 million and $169.9 million in the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively, and as of December 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021, we had an accumulated deficit of $1,162.9 million and $442.8 million, respectively. We expect our losses to continue as we expect to incur significant costs and invest significant additional funds towards sustaining and growing our business and operating as a public company. We have expended and expect to continue to expend substantial financial and other resources on product development, including investments in our product, engineering, and design teams and the development of new products and new functionality for our existing products and our platform; our technology infrastructure, including systems architecture, management tools, scalability, availability, performance, and security, as well as disaster recovery measures; our sales, marketing, and customer success organizations; acquisitions or strategic investments; and general administration, including legal and accounting expenses. These efforts may be more costly than we expect and may not result in increased revenue or growth in our business. In addition, we expect to incur certain additional charges in the upcoming months in connection with our workforce reduction plans, including cash expenditures for employee benefits, severance payments, payroll taxes and related facilitation costs, as well as stock-based compensation. We may incur other charges or cash expenditures not currently contemplated due to unanticipated events that may occur as a result of or in connection with the implementation of our workforce reduction plans, and there can be no assurance that we will be able achieve our projected cost savings in connection with any workforce reduction plans or related initiatives. We have also incurred impairment charges that have adversely impacted our U.S. GAAP financial results. In addition, failure to increase our revenue sufficiently to keep pace with our investments and other expenses could prevent us from achieving or maintaining profitability or positive cash flows on a consistent basis. In light of increasing interest rates and other factors, the volume of transactions enabled through our platform and, as a result, revenue generated from such transactions, may decline faster than our ability to reduce expenses. Additionally, in an inflationary environment, our costs may increase, and we may not be able to increase the pricing of our products accordingly, which could adversely impact our financial performance. If we are unable to successfully address these risks and challenges as we encounter them, our business, financial condition, and results of operations could be adversely affected.

A large percentage of our revenue is concentrated with a small number of key customers, and if our relationships with any of these key customers were to be terminated or the level of business with them significantly reduced over time, our business, financial condition, results of operations, and future prospects would be adversely affected.

Historically, certain of our customers have accounted for a significant portion of our revenue. For 2022, our top five customers in the Blend Platform segment accounted for 29.8% of the segment revenue, and as of December 31, 2022, we had 20 customers in the Blend Platform segment generating more than $1 million in annual revenue, which represented 54.0% of the segment revenue in 2022. Additionally, we rely on certain of our customers, including Mr. Cooper, for a significant portion of our title transaction volumes. For example, for 2022, our top five customers in the Title segment accounted for 79.7% of the segment revenue, with Mr. Cooper accounting for 57.0% of the segment revenue. As of December 31, 2022, we had 12 customers in the Title segment generating more than $1 million in annual revenue, which represented 90.0% of the segment revenue in 2022. We have experienced lower than anticipated title transaction volume since the closing of our Title365 acquisition and may experience further reductions in the future. Reductions in title transaction volume from any such customers, or a deterioration in or termination of our relationship with any such customers, would likely have a significant impact on our title business. The concentration of a significant portion of our business and transaction volume with a limited number of customers, or type of customer or industry, exposes us disproportionately to any of those customers choosing to no longer partner with us or choosing to partner with a competitor, to the economic performance or market share of those customers or industry, including as a result of challenger banks or technology disruptors, or to any events,

circumstances, or risks affecting such customers or industry. Additionally, because we do not have long-term contractual financial commitments with many of our customers, a material modification in the financial operations of a key customer could affect our transaction volume with that customer and therefore our revenue growth. If we are unable to continue to increase the number of other customers on our platform or if any of our key customers were to suspend, limit, or cease their operations or otherwise terminate their relationship with us or lose market share, our business, financial condition, and results of operations would be adversely affected.

If we fail to retain our existing customers or to acquire new customers in a cost-effective manner, or if our customers fail to maintain their utilization of our products and services, our revenue may decrease and our business, financial condition, and results of operations could be adversely affected.

Our ability to maintain and grow our business will depend in part on our success in maintaining successful relationships with our customers. If any of our customers were to suspend, limit, or cease their operations or otherwise terminate their relationships with us, the number of transactions enabled through our platform could decrease and our revenue and revenue growth rates could be adversely affected. In addition, having a diversified mix of customers is important to mitigate risk associated with changing consumer spending behavior, economic conditions, and other factors that may affect a particular type of financial services firm or industry. While we expect that the revenue from our largest customers will decrease over time as a percentage of our total revenue as we generate more revenue from other customers, we also believe that revenue from our largest customers may continue to account for a significant portion of our revenue, at least in the near term.

If we are not able to retain our existing customers or acquire new customers in a cost-effective manner, or if our customers fail to maintain their utilization of our products and services, we will not be able to maintain or grow our business. Our ability to retain and grow our relationships with our customers depends on the willingness of customers to partner with us. The attractiveness of our platform to customers depends upon, among other things: our brand and reputation, the amount of fees that we charge, our ability to sustain our value proposition to our customers, products and services offered by competitors, and our ability to perform under, and maintain, our customer agreements. Many of our customers do not have long-term contractual financial commitments to us and, therefore, many of our customers may reduce or cease their use of our products and services at any time without penalty or termination charges. Additionally, a subset of our customers can generally terminate their agreements with us without cause with limited requirements to provide prior notice. Our customers could decide to stop working with us and cease processing transactions through our platform or enter into exclusive or more favorable relationships with our competitors. Further, any downturn in the financial services industry may cause our customers to reduce their spending on lending technology or to seek to terminate or renegotiate their agreements with us. Our customers have no obligation to renew their subscriptions with us after the expiration of the initial or current subscription term, and our customers, if they choose to renew at all, may renew on pricing or other contract terms that are less favorable to us or otherwise ask to modify their agreement terms in a manner that is cost prohibitive to us. Our renewal rates may decline or fluctuate as a result of a number of factors, including our customers’ satisfaction with our pricing or our products or their ability to continue their operations or spending levels. In addition, our customers’ regulators may require that they terminate or otherwise limit their business with us, or impose regulatory pressure limiting their ability to do business with us. If any of our customers were to stop working with us, suspend, limit, or cease their operations, do not renew their subscriptions with us on similar pricing terms, or otherwise terminate their relationships with us, the number of loans and other transactions enabled through our platform could decrease and our revenue and revenue growth rates could be adversely affected.

Additionally, as the markets for our cloud-based banking software continue to develop, we may be unable to attract new customers based on the same pricing models that we have used historically. Large or influential financial services firms may demand more favorable pricing or other contract terms from us. As a result, we may in the future be required to change our pricing model, reduce our prices, or accept other unfavorable contract terms, any of which could adversely affect our revenue and revenue growth rate.

We could in the future have disagreements or disputes with any of our customers, which could negatively impact or threaten our relationship with them. In our agreements with customers, we make certain representations and warranties and covenants concerning our performance and our compliance with certain laws and regulations

applicable to the services to be provided by us to our customers. If those representations and warranties were not accurate when made or if we fail to perform a covenant, we may be liable for any resulting damages, including potentially any losses associated with impacted transactions, and our reputation and ability to continue to attract new customers could be adversely affected. Additionally, our customers may engage in mergers, acquisitions or consolidations with each other, our competitors or with third parties, any of which could be disruptive to our existing and prospective relationships with our customers.

If we fail to retain any of our larger customers or a substantial number of our smaller customers, if we do not acquire new customers, if we do not continually expand revenue and volume from customers on our platform, or if we do not attract and retain a diverse mix of customers, our business, financial condition, results of operations, and future prospects could be adversely affected.

We face intense competition, and if we are unable to compete effectively, our business, financial condition, and results of operations could be adversely affected.

The market in which we operate is intensely competitive and characterized by shifting user preferences, fragmentation, and frequent introductions of new services and offerings. The primary competitors for our software platform include point solution vendors, providers of back office software with proprietary digital capabilities, and systems developed internally at financial services firms. Our current and future competitors may enjoy competitive advantages, such as greater name recognition, longer operating histories, greater category share in certain markets, market-specific knowledge, established relationships with financial services firms, including those with larger market share than our customers, and larger existing user bases in certain markets, more successful marketing capabilities, and substantially greater financial, technical, and other resources than we have. Greater financial resources and product development capabilities may allow these competitors to respond more quickly to new or emerging technologies and changes in financial services firm preferences that may render our platform less attractive or obsolete. Our competitors may also make acquisitions or establish cooperative or other strategic relationships among themselves or with others, introduce new offerings with competitive price and performance characteristics or undertake more aggressive marketing campaigns than ours. Additionally, many of our competitors are well capitalized and offer discounted services, lower pricing, incentives, discounts and promotions, and innovative platforms and offerings, which may be more attractive than those that we offer. Further, our customers may decide to develop their own solutions that compete with ours.

As we and our competitors introduce new offerings and invest more in digital capabilities, and as existing offerings evolve, we expect to become subject to additional competition. Our competitors may adopt certain of our platform features or may adopt innovations that our customers value more highly than ours, which would render our platform less attractive and reduce our ability to differentiate our platform. Increased competition could result in, among other things, a reduction of the revenue we generate from the use of our platform from reduced demand or pricing pressures, the number of customers, the frequency of use of our platform, and our margins. For all of these reasons, we may not be able to compete successfully. If we lose existing customers, fail to attract new customers, or are forced to make pricing concessions as a result of increased competition, our business, financial condition, and results of operations could be adversely affected.

We have previously experienced periods of rapid growth; however, our growth rate has fluctuated and may continue to fluctuate in the future.

We grew rapidly over the last several years, and in recent periods, our growth rate has declined primarily due to macroeconomic factors, including an unfavorable interest rate environment, decreased housing affordability, and uncertain worldwide political and economic conditions in 2022 have persisted and are expected to continue at least through 2023. Our historical revenue growth rate and financial performance may not be indicative of our future performance. In 2022 and 2021, our Blend Platform segment revenue was $121.4 million and $134.2 million, respectively, representing a 10% year-over-year decline, and our revenue has continued to decline in 2023. We believe that future growth of our revenue depends on a number of factors, including our ability to price our products and services effectively so that we are able to attract and retain customers without compromising our profitability, attract new customers, increase our existing customers’ use of our solutions, provide our customers with excellent

support, and successfully identify and acquire or invest in businesses, products, or technology that we believe could complement or expand our solutions. However, we are also impacted by macroeconomic factors over which we have no control, which have adversely impacted our business in recent periods.

You should not rely on our revenue or key business metrics for any previous quarterly or annual period as any indication of our revenue, revenue growth, key business metrics, or key business metrics growth in future periods. In particular, our revenue growth rate has fluctuated in prior periods, and we expect it to continue to fluctuate over future periods. Our revenue growth rate may decline in future periods as the size of our business grows and as we achieve higher market adoption rates, or for a number of other possible reasons, including macroeconomic conditions, reduced demand for our products and services, insufficient growth in the number of financial services firms that utilize our products and services or the lack of expansion of products and services within our existing customer base, transaction volume and mix, particularly with our significant customers, increased competition, a decrease in the growth or reduction in size of our overall market, unintended consequences from our workforce reduction plans or related initiatives that impact our business, or if we fail for any reason to capitalize on growth opportunities and the maturation of our business, among others. We also expect to continue to make investments in the development and expansion of our business, which may not result in increased revenue or growth. If our revenue growth rate declines, investors’ perceptions of our business and the trading price of our Class A common stock could be adversely affected.

We have a limited operating history in an evolving industry, which makes it difficult to evaluate our future prospects and may increase the risk that we will not be successful.

We were founded in 2012 and have previously experienced periods of rapid growth, but due primarily to macroeconomic factors, including an unfavorable interest rate environment, decreased housing affordability, and uncertain worldwide political and economic conditions, our growth rate declined in recent periods. Our limited operating history may make it difficult to make accurate predictions about our future performance. Assessing our business and future prospects may also be difficult because of the risks and difficulties we face. These risks and difficulties include our ability to:

•accurately forecast the impact of macroeconomic or other external factors on our business, including the timing and extent of such impacts;

•accurately forecast our revenue and plan or adjust our operating expenses in light of fluctuations in our revenue;

•develop a scalable, high-performance technology infrastructure that can efficiently and reliably handle increased usage, as well as the deployment of new features and services;

•maintain and increase the volume of transactions enabled through our platform;

•enter into new and maintain existing customer relationships;

•successfully identify, negotiate, execute, and integrate acquisitions or partnerships;

•successfully compete with current and future competitors;

•successfully build our brand and protect our reputation from negative publicity;

•increase the effectiveness of our marketing strategies;

•successfully adjust our proprietary technology, products, and services in a timely manner in response to changing macroeconomic conditions and fluctuations in the credit market;

•enter into new and maintain existing ecosystem partnerships;

•successfully introduce and integrate new products and services and enter new markets and geographies;

•adapt to rapidly evolving trends in the ways customers and consumers interact with technology;

•comply with and successfully adapt to complex and evolving regulatory environments;

•protect against fraud and online theft;

•avoid interruptions or disruptions in our service;

•effectively secure and maintain the confidentiality of the information received, accessed, stored, provided, and used across our systems;

•successfully obtain and maintain funding and liquidity to support continued growth and general corporate purposes;

•attract, integrate, and retain qualified employees; and

•effectively manage growth in our personnel and operations.

If we fail to address the risks and difficulties that we face, including those associated with the challenges listed above as well as those described elsewhere in this “Risk Factors” section, our business, financial condition, and results of operations could be adversely affected. Further, because we have limited historical financial data and operate in a rapidly evolving market, any predictions about our future revenue and expenses may not be as accurate as they would be if we had a longer operating history or operated in a more predictable market. We have encountered in the past, and will encounter in the future, risks and uncertainties frequently experienced by growing companies with limited operating histories in rapidly changing industries. If our assumptions regarding these risks and uncertainties, which we use to plan and operate our business, are incorrect or change, or if we do not address these risks successfully, our results of operations could differ materially from our expectations and our business, financial condition, and results of operations could be adversely affected.

Our business, financial condition, and results of operations depend on our ability to adapt to technological change as well as global trends in the way customers access cloud-based banking software and successfully introduce new and enhanced products, services and business models.

We operate in industries that are characterized by rapidly changing technology, evolving industry standards, and frequent new product introductions. We believe that the pace of innovation will continue to accelerate as customers increasingly base their technology investments on a broad range of factors, including products and markets addressed, performance and scale, consumer experience, data governance, and regulatory compliance. We must continue to innovate and develop new products and features to meet changing customer and consumer needs and attract and retain talented software developers.

Our business depends significantly on revenue from large and mid-sized financial services firms. As our existing platform components mature, we will need to successfully integrate new products on our platform, including by achieving interoperability between such new products and our existing products, as well as upgrade the decisioning, verification, and automation components of our existing platform in order to continue to help our customers adapt quickly to constantly changing market conditions. If we are not able to develop and clearly demonstrate the value of new products, upgraded components, or services to our customers, or effectively utilize our customers’ data to provide them with value, our ability to retain and acquire customers could be adversely affected. If competitors introduce new offerings embodying new technologies, or if new industry standards and practices emerge, our existing technology, services, and website may become obsolete. Our future success could depend on our ability to respond to technological advances and emerging industry standards and practices in a cost-effective and timely manner.

We have scaled our business rapidly and significant new platform features and services have in the past resulted in, and in the future may continue to result in, operational challenges affecting our business. Developing and launching enhancements to our platform and new products and services on our platform may involve significant technical risks and upfront capital investments that may not generate return on investment. We may use new technologies ineffectively, or we may fail to adapt to emerging industry standards. If we face material delays in introducing new or enhanced platform features, products, and services or if our recently introduced offerings do not perform in accordance with our expectations, the customers and consumers that utilize our platform may forego the use of our

services in favor of those of our competitors, and our business, financial condition, and results of operations could be adversely affected.

Our results of operations have fluctuated from period to period, which has caused the market price of our Class A common stock to fluctuate.

Our results of operations have historically varied from period to period, and we expect that our results of operations will continue to vary significantly from quarter to quarter and year to year because of a variety of factors, many of which are outside of our control and difficult to predict. As a result, you should not rely upon our historical results of operations as indicators of future performance. Numerous factors can influence our results of operations, including:

•our ability to attract and retain customers in a cost-effective manner;

•our ability to maintain or increase loan volumes, transactions processed, platform utilization, and title orders closed, and improve loan mix;

•our ability to successfully expand in existing markets and successfully enter new markets;

•changes in financial services firm behavior with respect to cloud-based software products and solutions;

•the amount and timing of operating expenses related to maintaining and expanding our business, operations, and infrastructure, including acquiring new and maintaining existing customers;

•our restructuring actions and the timing of incurring expenses and cash expenditures related to such actions;

•our ability to successfully identify, negotiate, execute, and integrate strategic acquisitions or partnerships;

•the mix of revenue we generate from our products and our marketplace;

•the timing and success of new products and services;

•the impact of worldwide economic conditions, including economic slowdowns, changes in market interest rates, recessions, housing affordability, and tightening of credit markets, including due to the war in Ukraine and the conflict in Israel;

•the seasonality of our business;

•our ability to maintain an adequate rate of growth and effectively manage that growth;

•our ability to keep pace with technology changes in our industry;

•the success of our sales and marketing efforts;

•the effects of negative publicity on our business, reputation, or brand;

•our ability to protect, maintain, and enforce our intellectual property;

•costs associated with defending claims, including intellectual property infringement claims, and related judgments or settlements;

•changes in governmental or other regulations, including state and federal banking laws and regulations or in federal monetary policies, affecting our business;

•interruptions in service and any related impact on our business, reputation, or brand;

•the attraction, retention and engagement of qualified employees and key personnel;

•our ability to choose and effectively manage partners, vendors, and other service providers;

•the effects of natural or man-made catastrophic events;

•the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting; and

•changes in our tax rates or exposure to additional tax liabilities.

The variability and unpredictability of our results of operations could result in our failure to meet our expectations or those of analysts that cover us or investors with respect to revenue or other results of operations for a particular period. If we fail to meet or exceed such expectations, the market price of our Class A common stock could fall substantially, and we could face costly lawsuits, including securities class action suits.

We operate under a success-based business model and often rely on self-reporting of completed transactions by our customers, which can make it difficult to estimate and forecast revenue.

We offer our digital lending platform and products to financial institutions through software-as-a-service agreements where fees are assessed for each completed transaction, such as a funded loan, new account opening, or API call. For those products that involve a loan or deposit account application we do not charge for abandoned applications or rejected applications, even though they cause us to incur costs. Our customers have the ability to access our platform, including Blend Builder Platform, our configurable platform, under (a) subscription arrangements, in which customers commit to a minimum number of completed transactions at specified prices over the contract term, (b) under usage-based arrangements, in which customers pay in arrears a variable amount for completed transactions at a specified price or (c) a fixed price platform fee, allowing the use of multiple products and services, including those on Blend Builder Platform. We may earn additional overage fees if the number of completed transactions exceeds contractual minimums for customers who elect to enter into subscription agreements in which a minimum number of transactions are completed at specified prices. Additionally, other than our usage-based agreements pursuant to which customers pay for a variable amount of completed transactions, our subscription agreements are generally non-cancellable during the contract term. Our usage-based arrangements generally can be terminated at any time by the customer. We recognize revenue ratably for our subscription arrangements because the customer receives and consumes the benefits of our platform throughout the contract period. We recognize fees for usage-based arrangements as the completed transactions are processed using our platform.

We use and often rely on the reporting of completed transactions by our customers when invoicing them for usage and overage fees in connection with our arrangements. If the reporting of completed transactions by our customers is not timely or accurate, it may impact our ability to estimate revenue, which may impact the accuracy of our actual and forecasted revenue recognized from our customers. If we incorrectly forecast revenue from our customers and the amount of revenue is less than projections we provide to investors, the price of our Class A common stock could decline substantially and our business, financial condition, and results of operations could be adversely affected.

We have in the past, and may in the future, make strategic acquisitions or enter into partnerships, strategic collaborations, joint ventures or licensing agreements and investments, and we face risks related to the execution and integration of such acquisitions, including our acquisition of Title365, or investments and the management of any associated growth.

We have in the past and plan to continue to expand and diversify our operations with strategic acquisitions or partnerships, strategic collaborations, joint ventures, or licensing arrangements and investments in and with companies, businesses, personnel, and technologies in the future. For example, on June 30, 2021, we completed our acquisition of Title365. Each acquisition requires unique approaches to integration due to, among other reasons, the structure of the acquisitions, the integration of technology, the size, locations, and cultural differences among their teams and ours, and has required, and will continue to require, attention from our management team. Such acquisitions and investments may also require additional management resources to integrate more significant and often more complex businesses into our company.

We may be unable to identify or complete prospective acquisitions or partnerships, strategic collaborations, joint ventures or licensing arrangements and investments for many reasons, including, competition for acquisition targets, our inability or unwillingness to pay for targets with high valuations, the absence of a market for certain strategic transactions we may want to pursue or our inability to identify suitable targets, or our inability to finance an acquisition. Antitrust or other regulatory requirements may also delay or prevent an acquisition or require us to make changes to our business to be able to consummate the acquisition. Further, any issuances of equity as part of the consideration for the target will dilute our existing stockholders.

Even if we are able to complete an acquisition, partnership, or investment, our future success depends in part on our ability to integrate any future acquisitions and manage any investments, businesses, and partnerships effectively, and we can provide no assurance that such acquired businesses, or any investment or strategic transaction that we enter into, will be successfully integrated into our business, generate revenue, or achieve any expected benefits on a timely basis or at all.

Any future acquisitions, or similar strategic transactions involve numerous risks, any of which could harm our business and negatively affect our financial condition and results of operations, including:

•diversion of management’s attention, including oversight over acquired businesses;

•difficulty in accurately forecasting and accounting for the financial impact of an acquisition transaction, including accounting charges, write-offs of deferred revenue under purchase accounting, and integrating and reporting results for acquired companies that have not historically followed U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“U.S. GAAP”);

•maintaining employee morale and retaining key employees;

•integration of operations, systems, technologies, products, and personnel of each acquired company, the inefficiencies and lack of control that may result if such integration is delayed or not implemented, and unforeseen difficulties and expenditures that may arise in connection with integration;

•implementation of internal controls, procedures, and policies, in particular, with respect to the effectiveness of internal controls, cyber and information security practices, incident response plans, and business continuity and disaster recovery plans, compliance with privacy, data protection, information security, and other regulations, and compliance with U.S.-based economic policies and sanctions which may not have previously been applicable to the acquired company’s operations;

•implementation of restructuring actions and cost reduction initiatives to streamline operations and improve cost efficiencies;

•our acquisitions or investments may not achieve the planned objectives or return on investment and we may incur impairment charges for acquired intangible assets, goodwill or investments;

•we may be required to pay contingent consideration in excess of the initial fair value, and contingent consideration may become payable at a time when we do not have sufficient cash available to pay such consideration;

•significant costs incurred in connection with acquisition transactions, such as professional service fees;

•the risk that any additional stock-based compensation issued or assumed in connection with an acquisition or strategic transaction may dilute our current stockholders, which may in turn impact our stock price and results of operations;

•in the case of foreign acquisitions or acquisitions that include a foreign entity or operations, the need to integrate operations across different cultures and languages and to address the particular economic, currency, political, and regulatory risks associated with specific countries as well as tax risks that may arise from the acquisition;

•tax risks, including any requirement to make tax withholdings in various jurisdictions in connection with such transactions or as part of our continuing operations following a transaction, and companies or businesses that we acquire may cause us to alter our international tax structure or otherwise create more complexity with respect to tax matters;

•increasing legal, regulatory, and compliance exposure, and the additional costs related to mitigate each of those, as a result of adding new offices, employees, and other service providers, benefit plans, equity awards, job types, and lines of business globally; and

•liability for activities of the acquired company before the acquisition, including intellectual property, commercial, and other litigation claims or disputes, cyber and information security vulnerabilities and

incidents, violations of laws, rules and regulations, including with respect to employee classification, tax liabilities, and other known and unknown liabilities.

In particular, the ongoing integration of Title365 into our existing operations has resulted in greater than anticipated costs and management attention. We may not be able to integrate Title365 into our existing operations in a timely manner or at all, and as such, we have not and may not be able to achieve the anticipated benefits of our acquisition of Title365, including cost savings and other synergies and growth opportunities. Failure to realize the full extent of the anticipated benefits of our acquisition of Title365, as well as any delays encountered in the integration process, has and could continue to have an adverse effect on our revenue, level of expenses, and results of operations. In addition, the integration process has resulted in and could in the future result in the loss of key employees, errors or delays in the implementation of shared services, the disruption of our ongoing business, or inconsistencies in standards, controls, procedures, and policies that may adversely affect our ability to maintain relationships with other employees and customers or to achieve the anticipated benefits of our acquisition of Title365.

If we fail to address the foregoing risks or other problems encountered in connection with past acquisitions or are unable to successfully integrate and manage our acquisitions and investments, we may not realize the expected benefits of such acquisitions or other strategic transactions or become exposed to additional liabilities, and our business, financial condition, and results of operations could be adversely affected.

The impairment of intangible assets, goodwill, and other assets arising from any future acquisitions or investments may have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition, and results of operations

When we acquire or invest in a business, a substantial portion of the purchase price of the acquisition may be allocated to goodwill and other indefinite-lived intangible assets. Under U.S. GAAP, we review goodwill and other indefinite-lived intangible assets for impairment annually, and more frequently if an event occurs or circumstances change that would more likely than not reduce the fair value of goodwill or an indefinite-lived asset below its carrying value. An adverse change in market conditions or operating results, particularly if such change has the effect of changing one of our critical assumptions or estimates, could result in a change to the estimation of fair value that could result in an impairment charge to our goodwill or intangible assets. Moreover, we may not be able to achieve our business targets for any future acquisitions or investments, which could result in us incurring additional goodwill and other intangible assets impairment charges. Further declines in our market capitalization increase the risk that we may be required to perform another impairment analysis, which could result in an impairment of up to the entire balance of our goodwill and other intangible assets. Any such impairment charge or write-off may have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition, and results of operations.

For example, due to a continued decline in economic and market conditions, including a decline in our market capitalization, and current and projected declines in the operating results of the Title reporting unit, we determined that factors existed which triggered a goodwill impairment review under U.S. GAAP as of June 30, 2022. As such, we performed an interim quantitative impairment analysis and as a result of our assessment, we determined the carrying amounts of certain impacted assets are not recoverable. Based on this analysis, we recorded an impairment charge comprised of a $240.1 million write-down of goodwill and a $151.7 million write-down of customer relationship intangible assets. Subsequently, based on further deterioration in the market conditions in the third quarter of 2022, such as continued increases in interest rates, we determined that triggering events existed as of September 30, 2022, and performed another interim quantitative impairment analysis. Based on this analysis, we recorded an impairment charge comprised of a $47.1 million write-down of goodwill and a $10.7 million write-down of the customer relationship intangible asset, resulting in the full write-off of the goodwill and customer relationship intangible assets.

The terms of our credit facility require us to meet certain operating and financial covenants and place restrictions on our operating and financial flexibility. If we raise additional capital through debt financing, the terms of any new debt could further restrict our ability to operate our business.

Our credit facility contains customary affirmative and negative covenants that either limit our ability to, or require a mandatory prepayment in the event we incur certain additional indebtedness and liens, merge with other companies or consummate certain changes of control, acquire other companies, engage in new lines of business, make certain investments, pay dividends, transfer or dispose of assets, amend certain material agreements, and enter into various specified transactions. As a result, to the extent any transaction of the foregoing type is contemplated but not permitted by a carve-out or “basket” in the credit facility, we may not be able to engage in any such transaction unless we obtain the consent of our lender or prepay any outstanding amount under our credit facility. Our credit facility also contains a minimum liquidity covenant and financial reporting requirements. Our obligations under our credit facility are secured by substantially all of our assets (other than Title365 and its direct and indirect subsidiaries), with limited exceptions. We may not be able to generate sufficient cash flow to pay the principal and interest under our credit facility. In the event of a liquidation, our lender would be repaid all outstanding principal and interest prior to the distribution of assets to unsecured creditors, and the holders of our Class A common stock would receive a portion of any liquidation proceeds only if all of our creditors, including our lenders, were first repaid in full. Any declaration by our lender of an event of default could significantly harm our business and prospects and could cause the price of our common stock to decline. If we raise any additional debt financing, the terms of such additional debt could further restrict our operating and financial flexibility.

We may be unable to generate sufficient cash flow to satisfy our significant debt service obligations, which could have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations, and cash flows.

Our ability to make scheduled payments on or to refinance our debt obligations depends on our financial condition and results of operations, which are subject to prevailing economic and competitive conditions and to certain financial, business, legislative, regulatory, and other factors beyond our control. We may not be able to maintain a level of cash flows from operating activities sufficient to permit us to pay the principal, premium, if any, or interest on our indebtedness. If our cash flows and capital resources are insufficient to fund our debt service obligations, we may be forced to reduce or delay strategic acquisitions and partnerships, capital expenditures, and payments on account of other obligations, seek additional capital, restructure or refinance our indebtedness, or sell assets. These alternative measures may not be successful and may not permit us to meet our scheduled debt service obligations. Our ability to restructure or refinance our debt will depend on the condition of the capital markets and our financial condition at such time. Any refinancing of our debt could be at higher interest rates and could require us to comply with more onerous covenants, which could further restrict our business operations. In addition, we cannot assure you that we will be able to refinance any of our indebtedness on commercially reasonable terms, or at all.

Our credit facility is subject to a floating rate of SOFR plus a margin, and as a result, we have exposure to interest rate risk. In 2022, the U.S. Federal Reserve raised the federal funds interest rates an aggregate of 4.25%. The U.S. Federal Reserve further raised the federal funds interest rates throughout 2023, for an aggregate 1.0% increase, and have indicated that it may raise that interest rate again in the future. Though we have met our debt service obligations under the credit facility, increases in interest rates increase our cost of borrowing and potentially make it more difficult to refinance our existing indebtedness, if necessary.

If we are unable to repay or otherwise refinance our indebtedness when due, or if any other event of default is not cured or waived, the applicable lenders could accelerate our outstanding obligations or proceed against the collateral granted to them to secure that indebtedness, which could force us into bankruptcy or liquidation. In the event the applicable lenders accelerate the repayment of our borrowings, we and our subsidiaries may not have sufficient assets to repay that indebtedness. Any acceleration of amounts due under the agreements governing our credit facility or the exercise by the applicable lenders of their rights under the security documents could have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

A cyberattack, security breach, or incident affecting us or the third parties we rely on or partner with could expose us or our customers and consumers to a risk of loss or misuse of confidential information and have an adverse effect on our reputation, brand, business, financial condition, and results of operations.

We are increasingly dependent on information technology systems and infrastructure to operate our business. In the ordinary course of our business, we collect, receive, use, transmit, store, and otherwise process large amounts of sensitive information, including personal information, credit information, and other sensitive and confidential information of consumers. It is critical that we do so in a manner designed to maintain the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of such sensitive information. Additionally, in the ordinary course of our business, we collect, store, transmit, and otherwise process large amounts of confidential business information, including intellectual property, proprietary corporate and business information, and other confidential information. We also have arrangements in place with certain of our partners, vendors, and other service providers that require us to share certain information we maintain and otherwise process, including consumer information, with them. Certain elements of our operations (including elements of our information technology infrastructure) rely on third parties, and as a result, we use numerous third-party service providers that may have access to our computer networks and sensitive or confidential information. In addition, many of those third parties may subcontract or outsource some of their responsibilities to other third parties. Our information technology systems, including the functions of third parties that are involved with or have access to those systems, are large and complex, with many points of entry and access. Our systems and those of our third-party service providers are potentially vulnerable to and may be subject to unintentional, inadvertent, or malicious, internal and external cyberattacks, including security breaches, incidents, exposures, intrusions, malware, ransomware, social engineering attacks, phishing and spearphishing attempts, fraudulent inducement, electronic fraud, wire fraud attempts to overload our servers with distributed denial-of-service attacks, employee theft, error, or malfeasance, unauthorized access by third parties (including foreign governments or state actors with significant financial and technological resources) or internal actors, or other attacks and similar disruptions. Any vulnerabilities can be exploited from inadvertent or intentional actions of our employees, partners, vendors, service providers, customers, or by malicious third parties. For example, in December 2021, a vulnerability in a popular logging software, Log4j, was publicly announced. If left unpatched, the Log4j vulnerability could be exploited to allow unauthorized actors to execute code remotely on a system using Log4j. We have taken steps to ensure this vulnerability has been patched in our systems, but we cannot guarantee that all vulnerabilities have been patched in every system upon which we are dependent or that additional vulnerabilities of Log4j or other software upon which we rely will not be discovered. Additionally, to the extent manual processes are involved in the handling of sensitive information, such sensitive information could be inadvertently misdirected despite our training and quality assurance precautions. While we have taken steps to protect the sensitive and confidential information that we have access to and have implemented multiple overlapping controls to reduce risk of a single control failure, our security measures or those of our partners, vendors, or other service providers could be breached or we could suffer data loss, unavailability, corruption, or unauthorized use or other processing, or unauthorized access to our platform or the systems or networks used in our business.

Because cyberattacks of this nature are increasing in frequency, levels of persistence, sophistication and intensity, and techniques used to obtain unauthorized access or to sabotage systems change frequently and may not be known until they are launched against a target, we and our partners, vendors, and other service providers may be unable to anticipate or prevent these attacks, react in a timely manner, or implement adequate preventive measures, and we may face delays in our detection or remediation of, or other responses to, security breaches and other privacy- and security-related incidents. These security risks that we and our partners, vendors, and other service providers face have been heightened by an increase in employees and service providers working remotely. Additionally, these risks may be elevated in connection with the current war in Ukraine and the conflict in Israel.

In addition, consumers on our platform could have vulnerabilities on their own devices that are unrelated to our systems and platform but could mistakenly attribute their own vulnerabilities to us. Consumers on our platform may also provide sensitive information to third parties through their use of our platform, and consumers could mistakenly attribute any misuse of such information by third parties to us. Further, breaches and incidents experienced by other companies may be leveraged against us. For example, credential stuffing and business email compromise attacks are becoming increasingly common and sophisticated actors can mask their attacks, making them increasingly difficult to identify and prevent. Certain efforts may be state-sponsored or supported by significant financial and technological resources, making them even more difficult to detect, remediate, and otherwise respond to.

There also have been and may continue to be significant supply chain attacks, and we cannot guarantee that our or our partners’, vendors’, or service providers’ systems and networks have not been breached or that they do not contain exploitable defects or bugs that could result in a breach of or incident impacting, or a disruption to our systems and networks or the systems and networks of third parties that support us and our services. In addition, laws, regulations, government guidance, and industry standards and practices in the United States and elsewhere are rapidly evolving to combat these threats. We may face increased compliance burdens regarding such requirements with regulators and customers regarding our products and services and will incur additional costs for oversight and monitoring of our own supply chain.

Although we have developed systems and processes that are designed to help protect the confidential and sensitive information we maintain and our partners, vendors, and other service providers maintain on our behalf, including personal information of our customers, consumers, and employees, protect our systems, prevent data loss, and prevent security breaches and security incidents, these security measures may not have fully protected our systems in the past and cannot guarantee security in the future. The information technology systems and infrastructure used in our business may be vulnerable to cyberattacks or security breaches, and third parties may be able to access data, including personal information of our customers, consumers, or employees, or other sensitive and proprietary data, accessible through those systems. Employee and service provider error, malfeasance, or other errors in the storage, use, or transmission of any of these types of data could result in an actual or perceived privacy or security breach or other security incident. Although we have policies and technologies restricting access to the personal information we store, that these policies and technologies may not be effective in all cases. Any breach of privacy, or any security breach or other incident, could interrupt our operations, result in our platform being unavailable, result in loss of or improper access to, or acquisition, disclosure, or other processing of sensitive or confidential information, personal information, or other data, result in fraudulent transfer of funds. Further, any such event, or the perception it has occurred, may harm our reputation, brand, and competitive position, damage our relationships with our customers, subject us to adverse media coverage, or result in claims, regulatory investigations, and proceedings and significant legal, regulatory, and financial exposure, including ongoing monitoring by regulators, and any such incidents or any perception that our security measures are inadequate could lead to loss of customer confidence in, or decreased use of, our platform, any of which could adversely affect our business, financial condition, and results of operations. Any actual or perceived breach of privacy or security, or other security incident, impacting any entities with which we share or disclose data (including, for example, our partners, vendors, or other service providers) could have similar effects. We also expect to incur significant costs in an effort to detect and prevent privacy and security breaches and other security incidents, and we may face increased costs and requirements to expend substantial resources in the event of an actual or perceived privacy or security breach or other incident.

Additionally, defending against claims or litigation based on any privacy or security breach or other security incident, regardless of their merit, could be costly and divert management’s attention. We cannot ensure that any provisions in our agreements with customers, contracts with service providers and other contracts relating to limitations of liability, including those in connection with a privacy or security breach or other security incident, would be enforceable or adequate or would otherwise protect us from any liabilities or damages with respect to any particular claim. We cannot be certain that our insurance coverage will be adequate for data handling or information security costs or liabilities actually incurred, that insurance will continue to be available to us on commercially reasonable terms or at all, or that any insurer will not deny coverage as to any future claim. The successful assertion of one or more large claims against us that exceed available insurance coverage, or the occurrence of changes in our insurance policies, including premium increases or the imposition of large deductible or co-insurance requirements, could have an adverse effect on our reputation, brand, business, financial condition, and results of operations.

The success of our business depends on a trustworthy reputation and strong brand and any failure to maintain, protect, and enhance our brand would hurt our ability to retain or expand our base of customers and our ability to increase their level of engagement.

We believe maintaining a trustworthy reputation and strong brand is critical to our success and our ability to attract customers to our platform and maintain good relations with regulators. Our reputation, brand, and ability to build trust with existing and new customers may be adversely affected by complaints and negative publicity about us, our platform, partners, and customers that utilize our platform or our competitors’ platforms, even if factually incorrect or based on isolated incidents. Negative perception of our platform or company may harm our reputation and brand, including as a result of:

•perceptions of cloud-based software and our industry and our company, including the quality, security, and reliability of our cloud-based software platform;

•the overall user experience of our platform;

•changes to our platform;

•a failure to provide a range of options sought by customers or consumers;

•our ability to effectively manage and resolve customer and consumer complaints;

•fraudulent, illegal, negligent, reckless, or otherwise inappropriate behavior by users or third parties;

•actual or perceived disruptions to, failures of, or defects, bugs, vulnerabilities, or errors in our platform or similar incidents, such as privacy or security breaches or other security incidents, site outages, payment disruptions, or other incidents that impact or may be perceived to impact the reliability of our services, including services provided by third parties we rely on;

•litigation over, or investigations by regulators into, our platform;

•customers’ or consumers’ lack of awareness of, or compliance with, our policies;

•a failure to comply with legal, tax, privacy, data protection, information security, or regulatory requirements;

•changes to our practices with respect to collection and use of customer and consumer data;

•a failure to enforce our policies in a manner that users perceive as effective, fair, and transparent;

•a failure to operate our business in a way that is consistent with our values and mission;

•inadequate or unsatisfactory support experiences for our customers;

•perceptions about our liquidity or financial strength;

•illegal or otherwise inappropriate behavior by our management team or other employees or contractors; or

•a failure to register and prevent misappropriation of our trademarks.

If we do not successfully develop, protect, and enhance our reputation and brand, our business, financial condition, and results of operations could be adversely affected.

If we fail to manage our growth effectively, our reputation, business, financial condition, and results of operations could be adversely affected.

In the past, we have experienced periods of rapid growth in our customers, and our operations, and we expect to experience growth in the future. We also experienced significant growth in employee headcount for several years in the past both at our San Francisco headquarters and through remote work arrangements. Our growth has placed, and may continue to place, substantial demands on management and our operational and financial infrastructure. However, we have undertaken several restructuring actions to better align our financial model and our business, and we may need to take additional restructuring actions in the future to align our business with the market. Steps we take to manage our business operations, including reductions in operating expense and restructurings may adversely impact our business. Steps we take to manage our business operations and future growth may adversely affect our reputation and brand, our ability to recruit, retain and motivate highly skilled personnel.

We have made, and intend to continue to make in the future, substantial investments in our technology, customer service, risk, sales and marketing infrastructure. Our ability to manage our growth and business operations effectively and to integrate new employees, technologies, and acquisitions into our existing business will require us to continue to expand our operational and financial infrastructure and to continue to effectively integrate, develop, and motivate employees, while maintaining the beneficial aspects of our culture. Continued growth could challenge our ability to develop and improve our information technology infrastructure and our operational, financial, and management controls, enhance our reporting systems and procedures, recruit, train, and retain highly skilled personnel and maintain user satisfaction. Additionally, if we do not manage the growth of our business and operations effectively, the quality of our platform and the efficiency of our operations could suffer, which could adversely affect our reputation, business, financial condition, and results of operations. For example, in connection with the audit of our consolidated financial statements as of and for the year ended December 31, 2021, we identified a material weakness in our internal control over financial reporting. Our failure to implement and maintain effective internal control over financial reporting could result in errors in our consolidated financial statements that could result in a restatement of our financial statements and could cause us to fail to meet our reporting obligations, any of which could diminish investor confidence in us and could cause a decline in the price of our Class A common stock. While we believe that the previously reported material weakness has been remediated as of December 31, 2022, additional weaknesses in our disclosure controls and internal control over financial reporting may be discovered in the future. We will need to continue to improve our operational and financial infrastructure in order to manage our business effectively and accurately report our results of operations.

Systems failures and resulting interruptions in the availability of our website or platform, or other delays or slow response times from our website or platform, could adversely affect our business, financial condition, and results of operations.

We currently serve our customers and consumers on our platform from third-party data center hosting facilities. It is critical to our success that our customers (including their customers) and consumers be able to access our platform at all times, and that the performance of our platform is responsive and rapid. Our systems, or those of third parties upon which we rely, may experience service interruptions, outages, failures, or degradation or other performance problems because of hardware and software defects or malfunctions, distributed denial-of-service and other cyberattacks, infrastructure changes, human error, earthquakes, hurricanes, floods, fires, other natural disasters, power losses, disruptions in telecommunications services, fraud, military or political conflicts, terrorist attacks, computer viruses, ransomware, malware, or other events. Our systems also may be subject to break-ins, sabotage, theft, and intentional acts of vandalism, including by our own employees. Some of our systems are not fully redundant and our disaster recovery planning may not be sufficient for all eventualities. These eventualities could cause information, including information relating to our customers and consumers, to be lost, corrupted, altered, or delayed. Our business interruption insurance may not be sufficient to cover all of our losses that may result from interruptions in our service as a result of systems failures and similar events. Additionally, in some cases, partners, vendors, and other service providers run their own platforms that we access, and we are, therefore, vulnerable to their service interruptions. In the event that our data center arrangements are terminated, or if there are any lapses of service or damage to a center, we could experience lengthy interruptions in our service as well as delays and additional expenses in arranging new facilities and services.

We have experienced and will likely continue to experience system failures and other events or conditions from time to time that interrupt the availability or reduce or affect the speed or functionality of our platform. These system failures generally occur either as a result of software updates being deployed with unexpected errors or as a result of temporary infrastructure failures related to storage, network, or compute capacity being exhausted. These events have resulted in losses in revenue, though such losses have not been material to date. System failures in the future could result in significant losses of revenue. Moreover, we have in the past provided credits to customers per contractual obligations and/or voluntarily made payments to customers to compensate them for the system failure or similar event, and we may provide similar such credits in the future. In addition, the affected customer or consumer could seek monetary recourse from us for its losses and such claims, even if unsuccessful, would likely be time-consuming and costly for us to address. Further, in some instances, we may not be able to identify the cause or causes of these performance problems within an acceptable period of time. A prolonged interruption in the availability or reduction in the availability, speed, or other functionality of our platform could adversely affect our business and reputation and could result in the loss of customers.

Further, we have service level agreements with our customers that require us to meet uptime requirements, and in some cases, system performance or latency standards. In the event that we fail to meet those requirements, whether because of system failures, slow platform performance, or otherwise, our customers may request credits from us, which could adversely impact our revenue and results of operations in a period where we provide such credits.

Our sales cycle can be unpredictable, time-consuming, and costly.

Our sales process involves educating prospective and existing customers about the benefits and technical capabilities of our products and services. Prospective customers often undertake a prolonged evaluation process, which typically involves not only our products and services, but also those of our competitors. In addition to a prolonged evaluation process, macroeconomic conditions including rising interest rates and declining demand for mortgage, mortgage-related and consumer banking products may also impact our sales cycle. Our sales cycles are typically lengthy, generally ranging from six to nine months for smaller financial services firms and ranging from twelve to eighteen months or more for larger financial services firms. We may spend substantial time, effort, and money on our sales and marketing efforts without any assurance that our efforts will produce any sales. Events affecting our customers’ businesses may occur during the sales cycle that could affect the size or timing of a purchase, contributing to more unpredictability in our business and results of operations. As a result of these factors, we may face greater costs, longer sales cycles, and less predictability in the future, which could adversely affect our business, financial condition, and results of operations.

We may encounter deployment challenges, which could adversely affect our business, financial condition, and results of operations.

We may face unexpected challenges related to the complexity of our customers’ deployment and configuration requirements. Deployment of our software platform may be delayed or expenses may increase when customers have unexpected data, software, or technology challenges, or unanticipated business requirements, which could adversely affect our relationship with our customers and our business, financial condition, and results of operations. In general, our revenue related to deployment and other professional services we provide is recognized on a proportional performance basis, and delays and difficulties in these engagements could result in losses or the recognition of revenue later than expected. Further, because we do not fully control our customers’ deployment schedules, if our customers do not allocate or have the internal resources necessary to meet deployment timelines or if there are otherwise unanticipated deployment delays or difficulties, our ability to take customers live and the overall customer experience could be adversely affected. We rely on existing customers to act as references for prospective customers, and difficulties in deployment and configuration could therefore adversely affect our ability to attract new customers. Any difficulties or delays in the deployment processes could cause customers to delay or forego future purchases of our products and services, which could adversely affect our business, financial condition, and results of operations.

Defects, errors, or vulnerabilities in our applications, backend systems, or other technology systems and those of third-party technology providers could harm our reputation and brand and adversely impact our business, financial condition, and results of operations.

Our platform and system infrastructure rely on software that is highly technical and complex and depend on the ability of such software to store, retrieve, process, and manage high volumes of data. The software on which we rely may contain undetected errors, defects, bugs, or vulnerabilities, some of which may only be discovered after the code has been released. Our practice is to affect frequent releases of software updates, sometimes multiple times per day. Further, as we create new products and services and enhance our existing products and services, we may encounter difficulties in achieving interoperability between our new products and services and our existing products and services. The third-party software that we incorporate into our platform or rely on may also be subject to errors, defects, bugs, or vulnerabilities. Any errors, defects, bugs, or vulnerabilities discovered in our code or from third-party software after release could result in negative publicity, a loss of users, increased regulatory scrutiny, fines or penalties, loss of revenue or liability for damages, and access or other performance issues. Such vulnerabilities could also be exploited by malicious actors and result in exposure of data of users on our platform, or otherwise result in a security breach or other security incident. We may need to expend significant financial and development resources to analyze, correct, eliminate, or work around errors, bugs, or defects or to address, analyze, correct, and eliminate software platform vulnerabilities. Any failure to timely and effectively resolve any such errors, defects, bugs, or vulnerabilities could adversely affect our business, reputation, brand, financial condition, and results of operations.

Any failure to offer high-quality customer support by us or by partners, vendors, and other service providers may adversely affect our relationships with our customers and could adversely affect our reputation, brand, business, financial condition, and results of operations.

Our ability to attract and retain customers is dependent in part on our ability to provide high-quality support. Our customers depend on our customer success organization to resolve any issues relating to our platform and products. As we continue to grow our business and improve our offerings, we will face challenges related to providing high-quality support services at scale. Additionally, to the extent we decide to grow our international business and the number of international users on our platform, our customer success organization will face additional challenges, including those associated with delivering support in languages other than English. Any failure to maintain high-quality support, or a market perception that we do not maintain high-quality support, could harm our reputation and adversely affect our ability to scale our platform and business, our financial condition, and our results of operations.

We experience significant seasonal fluctuations in our financial results, which could cause our Class A common stock price to fluctuate.

Our business is highly dependent on consumer borrowing patterns that have an impact on our results of operations. We generally experience changes in consumer activity over the course of the calendar year, although macroeconomic factors, including an unfavorable interest rate environment, decreased housing affordability, and uncertain worldwide political and economic conditions has made, and may continue to make, seasonal fluctuations difficult to detect. Historically, our revenue has been strongest during the second and third quarters of our fiscal year as a result of higher demand for mortgages and other loans during the summer months. Seasonality has and will likely continue to cause fluctuations in our financial results on a quarterly basis. While our growth has obscured this seasonality in our overall financial results, we expect our results of operations to continue to be affected by such seasonality in the future. In addition, other seasonal trends may develop and the existing seasonal trends that we experience may become more pronounced and contribute to fluctuations in our results of operations as we continue to scale and our growth slows. As such, we may not accurately forecast our results of operations. However, we base our spending and investment plans on forecasts and estimates, and we may not be able to adjust our spending quickly enough if our revenue is less than expected, causing our results of operations to fail to meet our expectations or the expectations of investors.

The market for cloud-based banking software is still in relatively early stages of growth and if this market does not continue to grow, grows more slowly than we expect, or fails to grow as large as we expect, our business, financial condition, and results of operations could be adversely affected.

Use of, and reliance on, cloud-based banking software is still at an early stage, and we do not know whether financial services firms will continue to adopt cloud-based banking software in the future, or whether the market will change in ways we do not anticipate. Many financial services firms have invested substantial personnel and financial resources in legacy software, and these institutions may be reluctant, unwilling or unable to convert from their existing systems to our software platform. Furthermore, these financial services firms may be reluctant, unwilling or unable to use cloud-based banking software due to various concerns such as the security of their data and reliability of the delivery model. These concerns or other considerations may cause financial services firms to choose not to adopt cloud-based banking software such as our cloud-based software platform or to adopt them more slowly than we anticipate, either of which would adversely affect our business, financial condition, and results of operations. Our future success also depends on our ability to sell additional products, services, and functionality to our current and prospective customers. As we create new products and services and enhance our existing products and services, these applications and enhancements may not be attractive to customers or we may encounter difficulties in achieving interoperability between our new products and services and our existing products and services. In addition, promoting and selling new and enhanced functionality may require increasingly costly sales and marketing efforts, and if customers choose not to adopt this functionality our business and results of operations could suffer. If financial services firms are unwilling or unable to transition from their legacy systems, or if the demand for our software platform does not meet our expectations, our business, financial condition, and results of operations could be adversely affected.

We depend on our senior management team and our other highly skilled employees to grow and operate our business, and if we are unable to hire, retain, manage, and motivate our employees, or if our new employees do not perform as we anticipate, we may not be able to grow effectively and our business, financial condition, and results of operations could be adversely affected.

Our future success will depend in part on the continued service of our founders, senior management team, key technical employees, and other highly skilled employees, including Nima Ghamsari, Head of Blend, Co-Founder, and Chair of our board of directors, and on our ability to continue to identify, hire, develop, motivate, and retain talented employees. We may not be able to retain the services of any of our employees or other members of senior management in the future. Also, all of our U.S.-based employees, including our senior management team and Mr. Ghamsari, work for us on an at-will basis, and there is no assurance that any such employee will remain with us. Our competitors may be successful in recruiting and hiring members of our management team or other key employees, and it may be difficult for us to find suitable replacements on a timely basis, on competitive terms, or at all, or we may need to offer additional compensation to retain such employees. If we are unable to attract and retain the necessary employees, particularly in critical areas of our business, we may not achieve our strategic goals. Moreover, the implementation of our workforce reduction plans or related initiatives may have adverse consequences on our employee morale, our culture, and our ability to attract and retain employees. In addition, from time to time, there may be changes in our senior management team that may be disruptive to our business. If our senior management team fails to work together effectively and to execute its plans and strategies, our business, financial condition, and results of operations could be adversely affected.

We face intense competition for highly skilled employees, especially in the San Francisco Bay Area where we have a substantial presence and need for highly skilled employees. To attract and retain top talent, we have offered, and we believe we will need to continue to offer, competitive compensation and benefits packages. Job candidates and existing employees often consider the value of the equity awards they receive in connection with their employment. The trading price of our Class A common stock has been volatile and has declined since our Initial Public Offering and may continue to fluctuate in response to various factors. If the perceived value of our equity awards declines for this or other reasons, it may adversely affect our ability to attract and retain highly qualified employees. In addition, due to declines in the trading price of our Class A common stock, in order to offer competitive compensation packages, we have issued, and may have to continue to issue more shares for equity awards to new and existing employees than in previous periods when the trading price of our Class A common stock was higher, which has and may continue to affect our outstanding share count and cause dilution to existing shareholders. Certain of our employees have received significant proceeds from sales of our equity in private transactions and many of our employees may receive significant proceeds from sales of our equity in the public markets, which may reduce their motivation to continue to work for us. We may need to invest significant amounts of cash and equity to attract and retain new employees and expend significant time and resources to identify, recruit, train, and integrate such employees, and we may never realize returns on these investments. If we are unable to effectively manage our hiring needs or successfully integrate new hires, our efficiency, ability to meet forecasts, and employee morale, productivity, and engagement could suffer, which could adversely affect our business, financial condition, and results of operations.

Misconduct and errors by our employees, partners, vendors, and other service providers could adversely affect our business, financial condition, results of operations, and reputation.

We are exposed to many types of operational risk, including the risk of misconduct and errors by our employees, partners, vendors, and other service providers. Our business depends on our employees, partners, vendors, and other service providers to enable the processing of a large number of increasingly complex transactions, including transactions that involve significant dollar amounts and loan and financial transactions that involve the collection, use, and disclosure of sensitive information, including personal information and confidential business information. We could be adversely affected if transactions were redirected, misappropriated, or otherwise improperly executed, sensitive information, including personal information and confidential business information, was accessible by or disclosed to unintended persons, or an operational breakdown or failure in the processing of other transactions occurred, whether as a result of human error, a purposeful sabotage or a fraudulent manipulation of our operations or systems. In addition, the manner in which we store and use certain personal information and interact with consumers, and the manner in which our customers interact with their customers through our platform is governed by various federal and state laws. It is not always possible to identify and deter misconduct or errors by employees, partners, vendors, or other service providers, and the precautions we take to detect and prevent this activity may not be effective in controlling unknown or unmanaged risks or losses. Any of these occurrences could result in our diminished ability to operate our business, potential liability to customers and consumers, inability to attract future customers and consumers, reputational damage, regulatory intervention, and financial harm, which could adversely affect our business, financial condition, results of operations, and reputation.

We are committed to expanding our platform and enhancing the user experience, which may not maximize short-term financial results and may yield results that conflict with the market’s expectations, which could result in our stock price being adversely affected.

We are passionate about expanding our platform and continually enhancing the user experience, with a focus on driving long-term engagement through innovation, the expansion of our platform, products, and services, and providing high-quality support, which may not necessarily maximize short-term financial results. We frequently make business decisions that may reduce our short-term financial results if we believe that the decisions are consistent with our goals to improve the user experience, which we believe will improve our financial results over the long term. These decisions may not be consistent with the short-term expectations of our stockholders and may not produce the long-term benefits that we expect, in which case our growth, business, financial condition, and results of operations could be adversely affected.

We rely on assumptions, estimates, and unaudited financial information to calculate certain of our key metrics and other figures presented herein, and real or perceived inaccuracies in such metrics could adversely affect our reputation and our business.

Certain of the metrics presented herein are calculated using internal company data that has not been independently verified, data from third-party attribution partners, or unaudited financial information of companies that we have acquired or partnered with. While these metrics and figures are based on what we believe to be reasonable calculations for the applicable period of measurement, there are inherent challenges in measuring these metrics and figures across our client base and user base. Additionally, certain figures relating to our strategic acquisitions and partnerships are based on unaudited financial information that has been prepared by the management of such companies and has not been independently reviewed or audited. We cannot assure you that such financial information would not be materially different if such information was independently reviewed or audited. We regularly review and may adjust our processes for calculating our metrics and other figures to improve their accuracy, but these efforts may not prove successful and we may discover material inaccuracies. In addition, our methodology for calculating these metrics may differ from the methodology used by other companies to calculate similar metrics and figures. We may also discover unexpected errors in the data that we are using that resulted from technical or other errors. If we determine that any of our metrics or figures are not accurate, we may be required to revise or cease reporting such metrics or figures. Any real or perceived inaccuracies in our metrics and other figures could adversely affect our reputation and our business.

Our marketing efforts to help grow our business may not be effective.

Promoting awareness of our business is important to our ability to grow our business and to attract new customers and consumers and can be costly. We believe that the importance of brand recognition will increase as competition in the consumer lending industry expands. Successful promotion of our brand will depend largely on the effectiveness of marketing efforts and the overall user experience of our customers and consumers on our platform, which factors are outside our control. The marketing channels that we employ may also become more crowded and saturated by other cloud-based software platforms, which may decrease the effectiveness of our marketing campaigns. Our marketing initiatives may become increasingly expensive and generating a meaningful return on these initiatives may be difficult. Even if we successfully increase revenue as a result of our paid marketing efforts, it may not offset the additional marketing expenses we incur. If our marketing efforts to help grow our business are not effective, we expect that our business, financial condition, and results of operations could be adversely affected.

Negative publicity about us, our partners, vendors, and other service providers, or the financial services technology industry, could adversely affect our business, results of operations, financial condition, and future prospects.

Negative publicity about us, our partners or the financial services technology industry, including the transparency, fairness, user experience, quality, and reliability of our platform, our or our partners’ privacy, data protection and information security practices, litigation, regulatory activity, misconduct by our employees, partners, vendors, or other service providers, or others in the financial services technology industry, the experience of consumers with our platform or services, or with our customers, even if inaccurate, could adversely affect our reputation and the confidence in, and the use of, our platform by customers and their consumers, which could harm our reputation and cause a loss of confidence in our platform. Any such reputational harm could further affect the behavior of customers and their consumers, including their willingness to use our platform. As a result, our business, results of operations, financial condition, and future prospects would be materially and adversely affected.

Our company culture has contributed to our success and if we cannot maintain and evolve our culture as we grow, our business could be adversely affected.

We believe that our company culture has been critical to our success. We have invested substantial time and resources in building out our team with an emphasis on our shared beliefs and practices and a commitment to diversity and inclusion.

We face a number of challenges that may affect our ability to sustain our corporate culture, including:

•failure to identify, attract, reward, and retain people in our organization who share and further our culture, values, and mission;

•the geographic diversity of our workforce, including as a result of remote work;

•competitive pressures to move in directions that may divert us from our mission, vision, and values;

•the continued challenges of a rapidly evolving industry;

•the increasing need to develop expertise in new areas of business that affect us;

•any negative perception of our response to employee sentiment related to political or social causes or actions of management;

•employee concerns regarding workforce reductions we have taken or may need to take in the future;

•harm to employee morale due to workforce reductions;

•challenges in our business and the macroeconomic environment; and

•the integration of new personnel and businesses from acquisitions.

If we are not able to maintain and evolve our culture, our business, financial condition, and results of operations could be adversely affected.

If we are unable to effectively combat the increasing number and sophistication of fraudulent activities by third parties using our platform, we may suffer losses, which may be substantial, and lose the confidence of our customers, and government agencies and our business, financial condition, and results of operations may be adversely affected.

The title industry has been experiencing an increasing number of fraudulent activities by third parties, and those fraudulent activities are becoming increasingly sophisticated. Although we do not believe that any of this activity is uniquely targeted at our platform or business, this type of fraudulent activity may adversely affect our title business. In addition to any losses that may result from such fraud, which may be substantial, a loss of confidence by our customers, or governmental agencies in our ability to prevent fraudulent activity that is perpetrated through our software platform or business may seriously harm our business and damage its brand. As fraudulent activities become more pervasive and increasingly sophisticated, and fraud detection and prevention measures must become correspondingly more complex to combat them across the various industries in which we operate, we may implement risk control mechanisms that could make it more difficult for legitimate users to obtain access to and use our platform, which could result in lost revenue and adversely affect our business, financial condition, and results of operations. High profile fraudulent activity or significant increases in fraudulent activity could also lead to regulatory intervention, negative publicity, and the erosion of trust from our customers and consumers, and our business, financial condition, and results of operations could be adversely affected.

Our presence outside the United States and any future international expansion strategy will subject us to additional costs and risks and our plans may not be successful.

We have operations outside of the United States and are considering expanding our presence internationally. In addition, in connection with our acquisition of Title365, we acquired Title365’s India operations. Operating outside of the United States requires significant management attention to oversee operations over a broad geographic area with varying cultural norms and customs, in addition to placing strain on our finance, analytics, compliance, legal, engineering, and operations teams. We may incur significant operating expenses and may not be successful in our international expansion for a variety of reasons, including:

•recruiting and retaining talented and capable employees in foreign countries and maintaining our company culture across all of our offices;

•an inability to attract and retain customers;

•complying with varying laws and regulatory standards, including with respect to financial services, labor and employment, data privacy, data protection, information security, tax, and local regulatory restrictions;

•obtaining any required government approvals, licenses, or other authorizations;

•varying levels of Internet and mobile technology adoption and infrastructure;

•currency exchange restrictions or costs and exchange rate fluctuations;

•operating in jurisdictions that do not protect intellectual property rights in the same manner or to the same extent as the United States;

•public health concerns or emergencies, such as the COVID-19 pandemic and other highly communicable diseases or viruses, outbreaks of which have from time to time occurred, and which may occur, in various parts of the world in which we operate or may operate in the future; and

•limitations on the repatriation and investment of funds as well as foreign currency exchange restrictions.

Our lack of experience in operating our business internationally increases the risk that any potential future expansion efforts that we may undertake may not be successful. If we invest substantial time and resources to expand our operations internationally and are unable to manage these risks effectively, our business, financial condition, and results of operations could be adversely affected.

In addition, international expansion may increase our risks in complying with various laws and standards, including with respect to anti-corruption, anti-bribery, export controls, and trade and economic sanctions.

We may require additional capital to support business growth, and this capital might not be available on acceptable terms, if at all.

Historically, we have financed our operations primarily through equity issuances and cash collections from our customers. In 2021, we also entered into a credit agreement that provides for a term facility and a revolving facility. The term facility was fully drawn at closing to provide, in part, the consideration being paid in connection with our acquisition of Title365. To support growing our business and to effectively compete, we must have sufficient capital to continue to make significant investments in our platform. We intend to continue to make investments to support the growth of our business and may require additional funds to respond to business challenges, including the need to develop new platform features and services or enhance our existing platform, improve our operating infrastructure, or acquire complementary businesses and technologies. Additionally, we may consider adopting various employee compensation programs from time to time. In particular, to the extent the perceived value of our equity awards declines, we may need to pay a greater proportion of compensation in cash or issue additional equity awards. The adoption of various employee compensation programs could result in us paying a greater percentage of our employees’ compensation in the form of cash or equity. This could result in us using a larger amount of our cash reserves for the payment of compensation in future periods or could result in us granting a greater number of our shares subject to equity awards, which could increase our overall dilution, increase our stock-based compensation expense for financial accounting purposes, and increase our tax withholding and remittance obligations. How we determine any such tax withholding obligations would be satisfied could further impact our cash position or increase dilution.

Although we currently anticipate that our existing cash, cash equivalents, and marketable securities and cash collections from our customers will be sufficient to meet our working capital and capital expenditure needs for at least the next 12 months, we may require additional financing. Accordingly, we may need to engage in equity or debt financings to secure additional funds. If we raise additional funds through future issuances of equity, equity-linked securities, or convertible debt securities, our existing stockholders could suffer significant dilution, and any new securities we issue could have rights, preferences, and privileges superior to those of holders of our Class A common stock.

We evaluate financing opportunities from time to time, and our ability to obtain financing will depend, among other things, on our development efforts, business plans, and operating performance and the condition of the capital markets at the time we seek financing. We may not be able to obtain additional financing on terms favorable to us, if at all. If we are unable to obtain adequate financing or financing on terms satisfactory to us when we require it, our ability to continue to support our business growth and to respond to business challenges could be impaired, and our business, financial condition, and results of operations could be adversely affected.

If we fail to maintain an effective system of disclosure controls and internal control over financial reporting, our ability to produce timely and accurate financial statements or comply with applicable regulations could be impaired.

As a public company, we are subject to the reporting requirements of the Exchange Act, the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (the “Sarbanes-Oxley Act”), and the rules and regulations of the applicable listing standards of the New York Stock Exchange. We expect that the requirements of these rules and regulations will continue to increase our legal, accounting, and financial compliance costs, make some activities more difficult, time-consuming, and costly, and place significant strain on our systems, processes, and personnel.

The Sarbanes-Oxley Act requires, among other things, that we maintain effective disclosure controls and procedures and internal control over financial reporting. We are continuing to develop and refine our disclosure controls and other procedures that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by us in the reports that we will file with the SEC is recorded, processed, summarized, and reported within the time periods specified in SEC rules and forms and that information required to be disclosed in reports under the Exchange Act is accumulated and communicated to our principal executive and financial officers. We are also continuing to improve our internal control over financial reporting, which includes hiring additional accounting and financial personnel to implement such processes and controls. In order to maintain and improve the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures and internal control over financial reporting, we have expended, and anticipate that we will continue to expend, significant resources, including accounting-related costs and significant management oversight. If any of these new or improved controls and systems does not perform as expected, we may continue to experience material weaknesses in our controls.

Our current controls and any new controls that we develop may become inadequate because of changes in conditions in our business. After our acquisition of Title365, we determined that a material weakness existed in our internal controls over financial reporting related to the accounting for the Company’s business combination, including a lack of sufficient precision in the performance of reviews supporting the prospective financial information used in the customer relationship intangible asset valuation and a lack of adequate documentation to provide evidence of operating effectiveness of an associated management review control. While the material weakness was remediated, additional weaknesses in our disclosure controls and internal control over financial reporting may be discovered in the future.

Any failure to develop or maintain effective controls or any difficulties encountered in their implementation or improvement could harm our results of operations or cause us to fail to meet our reporting obligations and may result in a restatement of our financial statements for prior periods. Any failure to implement and maintain effective internal control over financial reporting also could adversely affect the results of periodic management evaluations and annual independent registered public accounting firm attestation reports regarding the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting that we will eventually be required to include in our periodic reports that will be filed with the SEC. Ineffective disclosure controls and procedures and internal control over financial reporting could also cause investors to lose confidence in our reported financial and other information, which would likely have a negative effect on the trading price of our Class A common stock. In addition, if we are unable to continue to meet these requirements, we may not be able to remain listed on the New York Stock Exchange. As a public company, we are required to comply with the SEC rules that implement Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act.

We are required to provide an annual management report. However, our independent registered public accounting firm is not required to formally attest to the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting until after we are no longer an emerging growth company as defined in the Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act (“JOBS Act”). At such time, our independent registered public accounting firm may issue a report that is adverse in the event it is not satisfied with the level at which our internal control over financial reporting is documented, designed, or operating. Any failure to maintain effective disclosure controls and internal control over financial reporting could have an adverse effect on our business and results of operations and could cause a decline in the price of our Class A common stock.

If our estimates or judgments relating to our critical accounting policies prove to be incorrect or financial reporting standards or interpretations change, our results of operations could be adversely affected.

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires our management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported and disclosed in our consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes. We base our estimates and assumptions on historical experience and on various other assumptions that we believe to be reasonable under the circumstances. The results of these estimates form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets, liabilities, and equity, and the amount of revenue and expenses that are not readily apparent from other sources. Significant assumptions and estimates used in preparing our consolidated financial statements include those related to revenue recognition, stock-based compensation, valuations of acquired intangible assets and redeemable noncontrolling interest, and common stock valuations. Our results of operations may be adversely affected if our assumptions change or if actual circumstances differ from those in our assumptions, which could cause our results of operations to fall below the expectations of industry or financial analysts and investors, resulting in a decline in the trading price of our Class A common stock.

Additionally, U.S. GAAP is subject to interpretation by the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”), the SEC, and various bodies formed to promulgate and interpret appropriate accounting principles. A change in these principles or interpretations could have a significant effect on our reported results of operations and could affect the reporting of transactions completed before the announcement of a change. It is difficult to predict the impact of future changes to accounting principles or our accounting policies, any of which could adversely affect our reported results of operations.

Operating as a public company requires us to incur substantial costs and requires substantial management attention. In addition, key members of our management team have limited experience managing a public company.

As a public company, we have incurred and will continue to incur substantial legal, accounting, and other expenses that we did not incur as a private company. For example, we are subject to the reporting requirements of the Exchange Act, the applicable requirements of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, the Dodd–Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act, or the Dodd-Frank Act, the rules and regulations of the SEC, and the listing standards of the New York Stock Exchange. For example, the Exchange Act requires, among other things, we file annual, quarterly, and current reports with respect to our business, financial condition, and results of operations. Compliance with these rules and regulations has increased and will continue to increase our legal and financial compliance costs, and increase demand on our systems, particularly after we are no longer an emerging growth company. In addition, as a public company, we may be subject to stockholder activism, which can lead to additional substantial costs, distract management, and impact the manner in which we operate our business in ways we cannot currently anticipate.

Many members of our management team have limited experience managing a publicly traded company, interacting with public company investors, and complying with the increasingly complex laws pertaining to public companies. Our management team may not successfully or efficiently manage our ongoing operations as a public company subject to significant regulatory oversight and reporting obligations under the federal securities laws and the continuous scrutiny of securities analysts and investors. These new obligations and constituents will require significant attention from our senior management and could divert their attention away from the day-to-day

management of our business, and our business, financial condition, and results of operations could be adversely affected.

Our investment portfolio may become impaired by conditions in the financial markets and failures at financial institutions at which we deposit funds or maintain investments could adversely affect us.

We deposit substantial funds in financial institutions and may, from time to time, maintain cash balances at such financial institutions in excess of the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation Limit. These funds include amounts in our operating accounts, which are held primarily at three financial institutions and used for our day-to-day business operations. We also hold investments and settled funds in accounts held at financial institutions acting as brokers or custodians. Our investment portfolio generally consists of money market funds, U.S. treasury and agency securities, commercial paper, and corporate debt securities. The investments in our portfolio are subject to our investment policy, which focuses on the preservation of capital, fulfillment or our liquidity needs, and maximization of investment performance within the parameters set forth in our investment policy and subject to market conditions. The investment policy sets forth credit rating minimums, permissible allocations, and limits our exposure to specific investment types. However, these investments are subject to general credit, liquidity, market, and interest rate risks and in particular, volatility in the global financial markets or in specific segments of those markets can negatively impact the value of our investments and adversely affect our financial condition, cash flows and results of operations. In addition, we deposit certain funds owned by third parties, such as escrow deposits, in financial institutions. Recently, there has been significant volatility and instability among banks and financial institutions. For example, on March 10, 2023, SVB was closed by the California Department of Financial Protection and Innovation, which appointed the FDIC as receiver, and for a period of time, customers of the bank did not have access to their funds and there was uncertainty as to when, if at all, customers would have access to funds in excess of the FDIC insured amounts. Should one or more of the financial institutions at which deposits are maintained fail, there is no guarantee as to the extent that we would recover the funds deposited, whether through Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation coverage or otherwise, or the timing of any recovery. In the event of any such failure, we also could be held liable for the funds owned by third parties. Further, certain of our investments and settled funds are held at financial institutions. Should one or more of the financial institutions acting as brokers or custodians for our investments and settled funds fail, there may be a delay or some uncertainty in our ability to take possession of, or fully recover, all of our investments or settled funds.

Risks Related to Our Legal and Regulatory Environment

We may be subject to claims, lawsuits, government investigations, and other proceedings that may adversely affect our business, financial condition, and results of operations.

We face potential liability, expenses for legal claims, and harm to our business relating to the nature of our business generally, and with the lending and financial services we enable. We, or our partners, vendors, or other service providers, may be subject to claims, lawsuits, arbitration proceedings, government investigations and other legal, regulatory and other administrative proceedings in the ordinary course of business, including those involving compliance with regulatory requirements, personal injury, property damage, worker classification, labor and employment, anti-discrimination, commercial disputes, competition, consumer complaints, intellectual property disputes, and other matters, and we may become subject to additional types of claims, lawsuits, government investigations and legal or regulatory proceedings as our business grows and as we deploy new services.

In addition, a number of participants in the consumer financial and real estate settlement services industries have been the subject of putative class action lawsuits, state attorney general actions, other state regulatory actions, and federal regulatory enforcement actions, including actions relating to alleged unfair, deceptive, or abusive acts or practices, violations of state licensing and disclosure laws and actions alleging discrimination on the basis of race, ethnicity, gender, or other prohibited bases. The current regulatory environment, increased regulatory compliance efforts, and enhanced regulatory enforcement have resulted in us undertaking significant time-consuming and expensive operational and compliance efforts, which may delay or preclude our ability to provide certain new products and services to our customers and/or delay adoption of new products and services by our customers. There is no assurance that these regulatory matters or other factors will not, in the future, affect how we conduct our business and, in turn, have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition, and results of operations. In particular, legal proceedings brought under state consumer protection statutes or under several of the various federal consumer financial services statutes may result in a separate fine assessed for each statutory and regulatory violation or substantial damages from class action lawsuits, potentially in excess of the amounts we earned from the underlying activities.

The results of any such claims, lawsuits, arbitration proceedings, government investigations, or other legal or regulatory proceedings cannot be predicted with any degree of certainty. Any claims against us, or our partners, vendors, or other service providers, whether meritorious or not, could be time-consuming, result in costly litigation, be harmful to our reputation, subject us to adverse media coverage, require significant management attention and divert significant resources. Determining reserves for pending litigation is a complex and fact-intensive process that requires significant subjective judgment and speculation. It is possible that a resolution of one or more such proceedings could result in substantial damages, settlement costs, fines and penalties that could adversely affect our business, financial condition, and results of operations. These proceedings, including those involving our partners, vendors, and other third parties, could also result in harm to our reputation and brand, sanctions, consent decrees, injunctions or other orders requiring a change in our business practices. Any of these consequences could adversely affect our business, financial condition, and results of operations. Furthermore, under certain circumstances, we have contractual and other legal obligations to indemnify and to incur legal expenses on behalf of our business and partners and current and former directors and officers.

We also include arbitration and class action waiver provisions in our terms of service with many of our consumers. These provisions are intended to streamline the litigation process for all parties involved, as they can in some cases be faster and less costly than litigating disputes in state or federal court. However, arbitration can be costly and burdensome, and the use of arbitration and class action waiver provisions subjects us to certain risks to our reputation and brand, as these provisions have been the subject of increasing public scrutiny. In order to minimize these risks to our reputation and brand, we may limit our use of arbitration and class action waiver provisions or be required to do so in a legal or regulatory proceeding, either of which could cause an increase in our litigation costs and exposure.

Further, with the potential for conflicting rules regarding the scope and enforceability of arbitration and class action waivers on a state-by-state basis, as well as between state and federal law, there is a risk that some or all of our arbitration and class action waiver provisions could be subject to challenge or may need to be revised to exempt certain categories of protection. The enforceability of arbitration and class action waiver provisions has often been challenged, particularly recently, and if those challenges are successful, these provisions could be found to be unenforceable, in whole or in part, or specific claims could be required to be exempted. Any judicial decisions, legislation, or other rules or regulations that impair our ability to enter into and enforce our arbitration agreements and class action waivers could significantly increase our exposure to potentially costly lawsuits, our costs to litigate disputes, and the time involved in resolving such disputes, each of which could adversely affect our business, financial condition, and results of operations.

Our customers are, and in some cases we are or may be, subject to, and we facilitate compliance with, a variety of federal, state, and local laws, including those related to consumer protection and financial services.

Our customers and prospective customers are highly regulated and are generally required to comply with stringent regulations in connection with performing business functions that our products and services address; we facilitate compliance with these regulatory requirements. While we currently operate our business in an effort to ensure our business itself is not subject to extensive regulation, there is a risk that certain regulations could become applicable to us, including as we expand the functionality of and services offered through the platform. In addition, we and our partners, vendors, and other service providers must comply with laws and regulatory regimes that apply to us directly and our partners, vendors, and other service providers indirectly, including through certain of our products, as a technology provider to financial services firms, and in areas such as privacy, information security and data protection, and our contractual relationships with our customers.

In particular, certain laws, regulations, and rules our customers are subject to, and we facilitate compliance with, include the:

•TILA, and Regulation Z promulgated thereunder, and similar state laws, which require certain disclosures to borrowers regarding the terms and conditions of their loans and credit transactions, and require creditors to comply with certain lending practice restrictions as well as the TILA-RESPA Integrated Disclosure rule, or TRID, which imposes specific requirements around the collection of information, charging of fees, and disclosure of specific loan terms and costs upon receipt of an application for credit;

•RESPA, and Regulation X, which require certain disclosures to be made to the borrower at application, as to the financial services firm’s good faith estimate of loan origination costs, and at closing with respect to the real estate settlement statement; prohibits giving or accepting any fee, kickback or a thing of value for the referral of real estate settlement services or accepting a portion or split of a settlement fee other than for services actually provided; for affiliated business relationships, prohibits receiving anything other than a legitimate return on ownership, requiring use of an affiliate, and failing to provide a disclosure of the affiliate relationship;

•ECOA, and Regulation B promulgated thereunder, and similar state fair lending laws, which prohibit creditors from discouraging or discriminating against credit applicants on the basis of race, color, sex, age, religion, national origin, marital status, the fact that all or part of the applicant’s income derives from any public assistance program or the fact that the applicant has in good faith exercised any right under the federal Consumer Credit Protection Act;

•FCRA, and Regulation V promulgated thereunder, impose certain obligations on consumer reporting agencies, users of consumer reports and those that furnish information to consumer reporting agencies, including obligations relating to obtaining consumer reports, marketing using consumer reports, taking adverse action on the basis of information from consumer reports and protecting the privacy and security of consumer reports and consumer report information;

•Section 5 of the FTC Act, which prohibits unfair and deceptive acts or practices in or affecting commerce, and Section 1031 of the Dodd-Frank Act, which prohibits unfair, deceptive or abusive acts or practices in connection with any consumer financial product or service, and analogous state laws prohibiting unfair, deceptive or abusive acts or practices;

•GLBA, and Regulation P promulgated thereunder, which include limitations on financial services firms’ disclosure of nonpublic personal information about a consumer to nonaffiliated third parties, in certain circumstances requires financial services firms to limit the use and further disclosure of nonpublic personal information by nonaffiliated third parties to whom they disclose such information, and requires financial services firms to disclose certain privacy notices and practices with respect to information sharing with affiliated and unaffiliated entities as well as to safeguard personal borrower information, and other laws and regulations relating to privacy and security;

•EFTA, and Regulation E promulgated thereunder, which provide guidelines and restrictions on the electronic transfer of funds from consumers’ bank accounts, including requirements for overdraft services and a prohibition on a creditor requiring a consumer to repay a credit agreement in preauthorized (recurring) electronic fund transfers and disclosure and authorization requirements in connection with such transfers;

•HPA, which requires certain disclosures and the cancellation or termination of mortgage insurance once certain equity levels are reached;

•HMDA, and Regulation C, which require reporting of loan origination data, including the number of loan applications taken, approved, denied and withdrawn;

•Fair Housing Act (“FHA”), which prohibits discrimination in housing on the basis of race, sex, national origin, and certain other characteristics;

•SAFE Act, which imposes state licensing requirements on mortgage loan originators;

•state laws and regulations impose requirements related to unfair or deceptive business practices and consumer protection, as well as other state laws relating to privacy, data protection, information security, and conduct in connection with data breaches;

•TCPA, and the regulations promulgated thereunder, which impose various consumer consent requirements and other restrictions in connection with telemarketing activity and other communication with consumers by phone, fax or text message, and which provide guidelines designed to safeguard consumer privacy in connection with such communications;

•CAN-SPAM Act, and the TSR, and analogous state laws, which impose various restrictions on marketing conducted by use of email, telephone, fax or text message;

•ESIGN Act, and similar state laws, particularly UETA, which authorize the creation of legally binding and enforceable agreements utilizing electronic records and signatures and which require financial services firms to obtain a consumer’s consent to electronically receive disclosures required under federal and state laws and regulations;

•ADA, which has been interpreted to include websites as “places of public accommodations” that must meet certain federal requirements related to access and use;

•RFPA, and similar state laws enacted to provide the financial records of financial services firms’ customers a reasonable amount of privacy from government scrutiny;

•BSA, and the USA PATRIOT Act, which relate to compliance with anti-money laundering, borrower due diligence and record-keeping policies and procedures;

•the regulations promulgated by OFAC, under the U.S. Treasury Department related to the administration and enforcement of sanctions against foreign jurisdictions and persons that threaten U.S. foreign policy and national security goals, primarily to prevent targeted jurisdictions and persons from accessing the U.S. financial system; and

•other state-specific and local laws and regulations.

In addition to the laws, regulations, and rules that apply to our customers, and that we facilitate compliance with, we, in our capacity as a service provider to financial services firms and as a provider of marketplace services directly to consumers, and our partners, vendors, and other service providers, may be deemed to be subject to certain laws, regulations, and rules through our relationships with our customers including RESPA, FCRA, FTC Act, GLBA, FHA, TCPA, CAN-SPAM, TSR, ESIGN Act, ADA, OFAC, and state-specific laws and regulations, including those that impose requirements related to unfair or deceptive business practices and consumer protection, as well as other state laws relating to privacy, information security, and conduct in connection with data breaches. We may also be examined on a periodic basis by various regulatory agencies and may be required to review certain of our partners, vendors, or other service providers. These potential examinations may lead to increased regulatory compliance efforts that are time-consuming and expensive operationally. Matters subject to review and examination by federal and state regulatory agencies and external auditors include our internal information technology controls in connection with our performance of services, the agreements giving rise to these activities, and the design of our platform. Any inability to satisfy these examinations and maintain compliance with applicable regulations could adversely affect our ability to conduct our business, including attracting and maintaining customers.

In addition, we are currently subject to a variety of, and may in the future become subject to, additional, federal, state, and local laws that are continuously changing, including laws related to: the real estate brokerage, title and settlement services, consumer reporting agency services, and property and casualty insurance industries; mobile- and internet-based businesses; and information security, advertising, privacy, data protection, and consumer protection. These laws can be costly to comply with, require significant management attention, and could subject us to claims, government enforcement actions, civil and criminal liability, or other remedies, including revocation of licenses and suspension of business operations.

Furthermore, federal and state officials are discussing various potential changes to laws and regulations that could impact us, including the reform of government-sponsored enterprises such as the Federal National Mortgage Association (“Fannie Mae”) and the Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation (“Freddie Mac”), and additional data privacy laws and regulations, among others. Changes in these areas, generally in the regulatory environment in which we operate and our customers operate, could adversely impact the volume of mortgage originations in the United States and our competitive position and results of operations.

While we have developed policies and procedures designed to assist in compliance with these laws and regulations, no assurance can be given that our compliance policies and procedures will be effective. Compliance with these requirements is also costly, time-consuming and limits our operational flexibility. Additionally, Congress, the states and regulatory agencies, as well as local municipalities, could further regulate the consumer financial services and adjacent industries in ways that make it more difficult or costly for us to offer our platform and related services. These laws also are often subject to changes that could severely limit the operations of our business model. Further, changes in the regulatory application or judicial interpretation of the laws and regulations applicable to financial services firms also could impact the manner in which we conduct our business.

The regulatory environment in which financial services firms operate has become increasingly complex, and following the financial crisis that began in 2008, supervisory efforts to apply relevant laws, regulations and policies have become more intense. For example, California has enacted legislation to create a “mini-CFPB,” which could strengthen state consumer protection authority of state regulators over unfair, deceptive, or abusive acts and practices. Nevertheless, if we or our partners, vendors or other service providers are found to not comply with applicable laws, we could become subject to greater scrutiny by federal and state regulatory agencies, or face other sanctions, which may have an adverse effect on our ability to continue to provide our services or make our platform available in particular states, or utilize the services of third-party providers, which may harm our business. In addition, non-compliance could subject us to damages, class action lawsuits, administrative enforcement actions, rescission rights held by investors in securities offerings and civil and criminal liability, all of which would adversely affect our business, financial condition, and results of operations.

Changes in laws or regulations relating to privacy, information security, data protection, or the protection or transfer of personal information, or any actual or perceived failure by us to comply with such laws and regulations or any other obligations relating to privacy, information security, data protection, or the protection or transfer of personal information, could adversely affect our business.

We, and our partners, vendors, and other service providers, receive, collect, use, disclose, share, transfer, transmit, store, and otherwise process a large volume of personal information and other sensitive data relating to individuals, such as consumers and our employees. Our collection, use, receipt, and other processing of data in our business subjects us to numerous state, federal, and foreign laws and regulations, addressing privacy, information security, data protection, and the collection, storing, sharing, use, transfer, disclosure, protection, and processing of certain data. Such regulations include, for example, the GLBA, FCRA, California Consumer Privacy Act (“CCPA”) and the California Privacy Rights Act (the “CPRA”). These laws, rules, and regulations evolve frequently and their scope may continually change, through new legislation, amendments to existing legislation, and changes in interpretation or enforcement, and may impose conflicting and inconsistent obligations.

For example, in 2021, the Federal Trade Commission, or the FTC, amended the GLBA’s Safeguards Rule, which requires covered financial services firms, which may include some of our customers, to develop, implement, and maintain a comprehensive information security program. The rule provides more prescriptive security controls that financial services firms must implement and oversight by a designated Qualified Individual who must provide annual written reports to the board of directors or equivalent governing body. In addition, the FTC has brought enforcement actions against service providers of financial services firms directly and against financial services firms for failures by service providers to implement appropriate controls to safeguard consumers’ personal information.

The CCPA went into effect on January 1, 2020, and, among other things, requires new disclosures to California consumers and affords such consumers new data privacy rights. The California Attorney General can enforce the CCPA, including seeking an injunction and civil penalties of up to $7,500 per violation. The CCPA also provides a private right of action for certain data breaches that may increase data breach litigation. Additionally, the CPRA, was approved by California voters in November 2020, and significantly modifies the CCPA, including expanding California consumers’ rights with respect to certain personal information and creating a new state agency to oversee implementation and enforcement efforts. The CPRA created obligations relating to consumer data beginning on January 1, 2022 and it became effective on January 1, 2023. Numerous states have proposed, and in certain cases enacted, legislation addressing privacy and data security that in many cases are similar to the CCPA and CPRA. For example, Connecticut, Virginia, and Colorado have enacted legislation similar to the CCPA and CPRA that has taken effect in 2023; Utah has enacted such legislation that will take effect on December 31, 2023; Florida, Montana, Oregon, and Texas have enacted similar legislation that takes effect in 2024; Tennessee and Iowa have enacted similar legislation that will take effect in 2025; and Indiana has enacted similar legislation that will take effect in 2026. The California Age-Appropriate Design Code Act (“CAADCA”), which expands the CPRA for businesses with websites that are likely to be accessed by children, was signed into law on September 15, 2022 and goes into effect on July 1, 2024.

The CCPA, CPRA, CAADCA, other new and evolving state legislation, and other changes in laws or regulations relating to privacy, data protection, and information security, particularly any new or modified laws or regulations, or changes to the interpretation or enforcement of laws or regulations, that require enhanced protection of certain types of data or new obligations with regard to data retention, transfer, or disclosure, could add additional complexity and variations in requirements, restrictions, and legal risks, greatly increase the cost of providing our platform, require significant changes to our operations and additional investment of resources, impact strategies and the availability of previously useful data for processing, or prevent us from providing our platform in jurisdictions in which we currently operate and in which we may operate in the future. Certain other state laws impose similar privacy, data protection, and information security obligations and we also expect that more states may enact new legislation to provide consumers with new privacy rights and increase the privacy, data protection, and information security obligations of entities handling certain personal information of such consumers. In addition, some jurisdictions, such as New York, Massachusetts, and Nevada have enacted more generalized information security laws that apply to certain data that we process. The U.S. federal government also has proposed legislation relating to privacy and data security. We cannot yet fully determine the impact these or future laws, rules, regulations, and industry standards may have on our business or operations. Any such laws, rules, regulations, and industry standards may be inconsistent, subject to differing interpretations, or may conflict, or be alleged to conflict, with our current or future practices. Additionally, our customers may be subject to differing privacy laws, rules, and legislation, or self-regulatory principles, codes, or other obligations, which may cause them to require us to be bound by varying contractual requirements, including certain requirements applicable to other jurisdictions. Adherence to such contractual requirements may impact our collection, use, storage, sharing, disclosure, and processing of various types of information and may mean we become bound by, or voluntarily comply with, self-regulatory or other industry standards, or other actual or asserted obligations, relating to these matters that may further change as laws, rules, and regulations evolve. Complying with these requirements and other actual or asserted obligations, and changing our policies and practices may be onerous and costly, and we may not be able to respond quickly or effectively to regulatory, legislative and other developments. These changes may in turn impair our ability to offer our existing or planned products and services and/or increase our cost of doing business.

Additionally, we have incurred, and may continue to incur, significant expenses in an effort to comply with privacy, data protection, and information security standards and protocols imposed by law, regulation, industry standards, contractual obligations, or other actual or asserted obligations, and may face substantial challenges in our efforts to do so. We may face challenges in addressing their requirements and making necessary changes to our policies and practices and may incur significant costs and expenses in an effort to do so.

As our business grows, we may become subject to privacy, data protection, and information security laws from jurisdictions outside of the United States, potentially including the General Data Protection Regulation (“GDPR”). The GDPR governs the collection, use, disclosure, transfer or other processing of personal data of European persons. Among other things, the GDPR imposes requirements regarding the security of personal data and notification of data processing obligations to competent national data processing authorities, provides for lawful bases on which personal data can be processed, provides for an expansive definition of personal data and requires changes to informed consent practices. In addition, the GDPR provides for heightened scrutiny of transfers of personal data from the European Economic Area (“EEA”) to the United States and other jurisdictions that the European Commission does not recognize as having “adequate” data protection laws, and imposes substantial fines for breaches and violations (up to the greater of €20 million or 4% of an enterprise’s consolidated annual worldwide gross revenue). The GDPR also confers a private right of action on data subjects and consumer associations to lodge complaints with supervisory authorities, seek judicial remedies and obtain compensation for damages resulting from violations. The United Kingdom has implemented legislation that substantially implements the GDPR in the United Kingdom, which legislation provides for penalties for violations of up to the greater of 17.5 million British pounds or 4% of an enterprise’s consolidated annual worldwide gross revenue. If we expand our business into the EEA and/or the United Kingdom, we will need to comply with the GDPR and data protection laws of the United Kingdom. This will involve significant resources and expense and may also impair our ability to offer our existing or planned features, products and services and/or increase our cost of doing business.

Despite our efforts to comply with applicable laws, regulations, and other obligations relating to privacy, data protection, and information security, it is possible that our interpretations of the law, practices, or platform could be inconsistent with, or fail or be alleged to fail to meet all requirements of, such laws, regulations, or actual or asserted obligations. Our failure, or the failure by our partners, vendors, service providers, or customers, to comply with applicable laws or regulations, policies, documentation, contractual obligations, or any other actual or asserted obligations relating to privacy, data protection, or information security, or any compromise of security that results in unauthorized access to, or use, release, disclosure, or other processing of data relating to consumers or other individuals, or the perception that any of the foregoing types of failure or compromise has occurred, could damage our reputation, discourage new and existing customers and consumers from using our platform, or result in fines, investigations, or proceedings by governmental agencies and private claims and litigation, any of which could adversely affect our business, financial condition, and results of operations. Even if not subject to legal challenge, the perception of privacy, data protection, or information security concerns, whether or not valid, may harm our reputation and brand and adversely affect our business, financial condition, and results of operations.

A heightened regulatory environment in the financial services industry may have an adverse impact on our customers and our business.

Since the enactment of the Dodd-Frank Act, a number of substantial regulations affecting the supervision and operation of the financial services industry within the United States have been adopted, including those that establish the CFPB. The CFPB has issued guidance that applies to, and conducts direct examinations of, “supervised banks and nonbanks” as well as “supervised service providers” like us. In addition, the CFPB regulates consumer financial products and services. Certain of our partners are also subject to regulation by federal and state authorities and, as a result, could pass through some of those compliance obligations to us.

To the extent this oversight or regulation negatively impacts our customers, our business, financial condition, and results of operations could be adversely affected because, among other matters, our customers could have less capacity to purchase products and services from us, could decide to avoid or abandon certain lines of business, or could seek to pass on increased costs to us by re-negotiating their agreements with us. Additional regulation, examination, and oversight of us could require us to modify the manner in which we contract with or provide products and services to our customers, directly or indirectly limit how much we can charge for our products and services, require us to invest additional time and resources to comply with such oversight and regulations, or limit our ability to update our existing products and services, or require us to develop new ones. Any of these events, if realized, could adversely affect our business, financial condition, and results of operations.

Failure to obtain or maintain state licenses or other regulatory infractions resulting in license revocation could impact our ability to offer products and services.

Our ability to obtain or maintain state licenses for the services offered through our platform, including for our property and casualty insurance agency, title insurance agency, and real estate brokerage business, depends on our ability to meet licensing requirements established by the applicable regulatory agency and adopted by each state, subject to variations across states. In addition, as we expand the functionality of and services offered through the platform, or if a regulator determines that the services offered through the platform require licensing, we may be required to obtain additional licensing and incur additional costs. If we are unable to satisfy the applicable licensing requirements of any particular state, we could lose our license to do business in such state, which would result in the temporary or permanent cessation of our operations in that state. Alternatively, if we are unable to satisfy, or if a regulator determines that we have not satisfied, applicable state licensing requirements, we may be subject to additional regulatory oversight, have our license suspended or may incur additional costs or regulatory infractions. Any such events could adversely affect our business, financial condition, and results of operations.

Regulation of title insurance rates and relationships with insurance underwriters could adversely affect our title insurance business.

We are subject to extensive rate regulation by the applicable state agencies in the jurisdictions in which our title insurance business operates. Title insurance rates are regulated differently in various states, with some states

requiring us to file and receive approval of rates before such rates become effective and some states promulgating the rates that can be charged. These regulations could hinder our ability to promptly adapt to changing market dynamics through price adjustments, which could adversely affect our business, financial condition, and results of operations, particularly in a rapidly declining market.

Further, we derive a significant portion of our commission revenue from a limited number of insurance underwriters, the loss of which would result in additional expense and loss of market share. If we lose our relationships with insurance underwriters, fail to maintain good relationships with insurance underwriters, become dependent upon a limited number of insurance underwriters, or fail to develop new insurance underwriter relationships, our business, financial condition, and results of operations could be adversely affected.

Our position as an agent utilizing partners, vendors, and other service providers for issuing a significant amount of title and property and casualty insurance policies could adversely affect the frequency and severity of claims.

In our position as a licensed insurance agent, we may perform the search and examination function for policies we issue on behalf of underwriters or we may purchase a search product from another partner, vendor, or service provider. In either case, we are responsible for ensuring that the search and examination is completed. Our relationship with each title and property and casualty insurance underwriter is governed by an agency agreement defining how an insurance policy is issued on their behalf. The agency agreement also sets forth our liability to the underwriter for policy losses attributable to our errors. Periodic audits by our underwriters are also conducted. Despite our efforts to monitor partners, vendors, and other service providers with whom we transact business, there is no guarantee that they will comply with their contractual obligations. Furthermore, we cannot be certain that, due to changes in the regulatory environment and litigation trends, we will not be held liable for errors and omissions by these vendors. Accordingly, our use of partners, vendors, and other service providers could adversely impact the frequency and severity of claims, and any such impact could adversely affect our business, financial condition, and results of operations.

We and our insurance carriers and underwriters are subject to extensive insurance industry regulations.

In the United States, each state regulator retains the authority to license insurance agencies in their states, and an insurance agency generally may not operate in a state in which it is not licensed. Accordingly, we are not permitted to sell insurance to residents of states and territories of the United States in which we are not licensed.

Employees who engage in the solicitation, negotiation, or sale of insurance, or provide certain other insurance services, generally are required to be licensed individually. Insurance, including related laws and regulations, govern whether licensees may share commissions with unlicensed entities and individuals and, in the context of real estate settlement transactions, such payments are also subject to RESPA restrictions as it relates to splitting or sharing settlement service fees. We believe that any payments we make to third parties are in compliance with applicable laws. However, should any regulatory agency take a contrary position and prevail, we will be required to change the manner in which we pay fees to such employees or principals or require entities receiving such payments to become registered or licensed.

Our insurance products are subject to extensive regulation and supervision in the states in which we transact business by the individual state insurance departments. This regulation is generally designed to protect the interests of consumers, and not necessarily the interests of insurers or agents, their shareholders or other investors. For example, state insurance laws are generally prescriptive with respect to the content and timeliness of notices we must provide policyholders. States have also adopted legislation defining and prohibiting unfair methods of competition and unfair or deceptive acts and practices in the business of insurance that may apply to insurance agencies. Noncompliance with any of such state statutes may subject us to regulatory action by the relevant state insurance regulator, and, in certain states, private litigation. In addition, we cannot predict the impact that any new laws, rules or regulations may have on our business and financial results. States also regulate various aspects of the contractual relationships between insurers and independent agents. The California Department of Insurance, the insurance regulatory authority in the State of California, as well as the insurance regulators of other states in which

we are licensed to sell insurance may also conduct periodic examinations. The results of these examinations can give rise to regulatory orders requiring remedial, injunctive, or other corrective action.

Although state insurance regulators have primary responsibility for administering and enforcing insurance regulations in the United States, such laws and regulations are further administered and enforced by a number of additional governmental authorities, each of which exercises a degree of interpretive latitude, including state securities administrators, state attorneys general as well as federal agencies including the Federal Reserve Board, the Federal Insurance Office and the U.S. Department of Justice. Consequently, compliance with any particular regulator’s or enforcement authority’s interpretation of a legal issue may not result in compliance with another’s interpretation of the same issue, particularly when compliance is judged in hindsight.

We may be subject to restrictions, actions and claims relating to the advertising, marketing and sale of insurance, including the suitability of such products and services. Actions and claims may result in the rescission of such sales; consequently, insurance carriers may seek to recoup commissions paid to us, which may lead to legal action against us. The outcome of such restrictions or actions cannot be predicted and such restrictions, claims or actions could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Additionally, regulations affecting insurance carriers and underwriters with which we place business may affect how we conduct our operations. Insurers are also regulated by state insurance departments for solvency issues and are subject to reserve requirements. We cannot guarantee that all insurance carriers and underwriters with whom we do business comply with regulations instituted by state insurance departments. We may need to expend resources to address questions or concerns regarding our relationships with these insurers and underwriters, diverting management resources away from operating our business, which could adversely affect our business, financial condition, and results of operations.

The CFPB is a relatively new agency that has sometimes taken expansive views of its authority to regulate consumer financial services, creating uncertainty as to how the agency’s actions or the actions of any other new agency could adversely affect our business, financial condition, and results of operations.

The CFPB, which commenced operations in July 2011, has broad authority to create and modify regulations under federal consumer financial protection laws and regulations, such as TILA and Regulation Z, ECOA and Regulation B, FCRA and Regulation V, the EFTA and Regulation E, among other regulations, and to enforce compliance with those laws. The CFPB supervises banks, thrifts, and credit unions with assets over $10 billion and examines certain of our customers. Further, the CFPB is charged with the examination and supervision of certain participants in the consumer financial services market, including larger participants in other areas of financial services. The CFPB is also authorized to prevent “unfair, deceptive or abusive acts or practices” through its rulemaking, supervisory, and enforcement authority. To assist in its enforcement, the CFPB maintains an online complaint system that allows consumers to log complaints with respect to various consumer finance products. This system could inform future CFPB decisions with respect to its regulatory, enforcement or examination focus. The CFPB may also request reports concerning our organization, business conduct, markets and activities and conduct on-site examinations of our business on a periodic basis if the CFPB were to determine, through its complaint system, that we were engaging in activities that pose risks to consumers.

Although we have committed resources to enhancing our compliance programs, actions by the CFPB (or other regulators) against us, our customers or our competitors could discourage the use of our services or those of our customers, which could result in reputational harm, a loss of customers, or discourage the use of our or their services and adversely affect our business. If the CFPB changes regulations that were adopted in the past by other regulators and transferred to the CFPB by the Dodd-Frank Act, or modifies through supervision or enforcement, past regulatory guidance or interprets existing regulations in a different or stricter manner than they have been interpreted in the past by us, the industry or other regulators, our compliance costs and litigation exposure could increase materially. If the CFPB, or another regulator, were to issue a consent decree or other similar order against us, this could also directly or indirectly adversely affect our business, financial condition, and results of operations.

Our compliance and operational costs and litigation exposure could increase if and when the CFPB amends or finalizes any proposed regulations, including the regulations discussed above or if the CFPB or other regulators enact new regulations, change regulations that were previously adopted, modify, through supervision or enforcement, past regulatory guidance, or interpret existing regulations in a manner different or stricter than have been previously interpreted.

Our business could be adversely impacted by changes in the Internet and mobile device accessibility of consumers, and our software platform’s failure to comply with existing or future laws governing the Internet and mobile devices.

Our business depends on consumers’ access to our platform via the Internet and/or a mobile device. We may operate in jurisdictions that provide limited Internet connectivity, particularly if we expand internationally. Internet access and access to a mobile device are frequently provided by companies with significant market power that could take actions that degrade, disrupt, or increase the cost of consumers’ ability to access our platform. In addition, the Internet infrastructure that we and users of our platform rely on in any particular geographic area may be unable to support the demands placed upon it. Any such failure in Internet or mobile device accessibility, even for a short period of time, could adversely affect our business, financial condition, and results of operations.

Moreover, the application of laws and regulations to online platforms is constantly evolving. Existing and future laws and regulations, or changes thereto, may impede the growth and availability of the Internet and online offerings, require us to change our business practices, or raise compliance costs or other costs of doing business. These laws and regulations, which continue to evolve, cover consumer protection, advertising practices and provision of disclosures, among other things. Any failure, or perceived failure, by us, or our software platform, as applicable, to comply with any of these laws or regulations could result in damage to our reputation and brand a loss in business and proceedings or actions against us by governmental entities or others, which could adversely affect our business, financial condition, and results of operations.

Indemnity provisions in various agreements potentially expose us to substantial liability for intellectual property infringement, data protection and other losses.

Our agreements with customers and other third parties may include indemnification provisions under which we agree to indemnify them for losses suffered or incurred as a result of claims of intellectual property infringement, data protection, damages caused by us to property or persons, or other liabilities relating to or arising from our platform, services, or other contractual obligations. Some of these indemnity agreements provide for uncapped liability for which we would be responsible, and some indemnity provisions survive termination or expiration of the applicable agreement. We also cannot be certain that any provisions in these agreements relating to limitations of liability would be enforceable or adequate or would otherwise protect us from any liabilities or damages with respect to any particular claim. Large indemnity payments could adversely affect our business, financial condition, and results of operations. Although we carry general liability insurance, our insurance may not cover potential claims of this type or may not be adequate to indemnify us for all liability that may be imposed. We generally contractually limit our liability with respect to such obligations, but we may still incur substantial liability related to such obligations and we may be required to cease use of certain functions of our platform or services as a result of any such claims. Any dispute with a customer or third party with respect to such obligations could harm our relationship with that customer or third party, as well as other existing customers and new customers, and adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.

We are subject to various U.S. and international anti-corruption laws and other anti-bribery and anti-kickback laws and regulations.

We are subject to the U.S. Foreign Corrupt Practices Act of 1977 (as amended, the “FCPA”), and other anti-corruption, and anti-bribery laws in the jurisdictions in which we do business, both domestic and abroad. These laws generally prohibit us and our employees from improperly influencing government officials or commercial parties in order to obtain or retain business, direct business to any person, or gain any improper advantage. The FCPA and other applicable anti-bribery and anti-corruption laws also may hold us liable for acts of corruption and bribery committed by our partners, representatives, and agents who are acting on our behalf. We and our partners, representatives, and agents may have direct or indirect interactions with officials and employees of government agencies or state-owned or affiliated entities and we may be held liable for the corrupt or other illegal activities of these partners and intermediaries and our employees, representatives, contractors, and agents, even if we do not explicitly authorize such activities. These laws also require that we keep accurate books and records and maintain internal controls and compliance procedures designed to prevent any such actions. While we have policies and procedures to address compliance with such laws, we cannot assure you that our employees and agents will not take actions in violation of our policies or applicable law, for which we may be ultimately held responsible, and our exposure for violating these laws increases as our international presence expands and as we increase sales and operations in foreign jurisdictions.

Any violation of the FCPA or other applicable anti-bribery, and anti-corruption laws could result in whistleblower complaints, adverse media coverage, investigations, imposition of significant legal fees, loss of export privileges, severe criminal or civil sanctions, or suspension or debarment from U.S. government contracts, substantial diversion of management’s attention, a drop in our stock price, or overall adverse consequences to our business, all of which may have an adverse effect on our reputation, business, financial condition, and results of operations.

Taxing authorities may successfully assert that we have not properly collected or remitted, or in the future should collect or remit, sales and use, gross receipts, value added, or similar taxes or withholding taxes, and may successfully impose additional obligations on us, and any such assessments, obligations, or inaccuracies could adversely affect our business, financial condition, and results of operations.

The application of indirect taxes, such as sales and use tax, value-added tax, goods and services tax, business tax and gross receipts tax, to platform businesses is a complex and evolving issue. Many of the fundamental statutes and regulations that impose these taxes were established before the adoption and growth of the Internet and e-commerce. Significant judgment is required on an ongoing basis to evaluate applicable tax obligations and as a result amounts recorded are estimates and are subject to adjustments. In many cases, the ultimate tax determination is uncertain because it is not clear how new and existing statutes might apply to our business. In addition, governments are increasingly looking for ways to increase revenue, which has resulted in discussions about tax reform and other legislative action to increase tax revenue, including through indirect taxes.

We may face various indirect tax audits in various U.S. jurisdictions. In certain jurisdictions, we collect and remit indirect taxes. However, tax authorities may raise questions about or challenge or disagree with our calculation, reporting or collection of taxes and may require us to collect taxes in jurisdictions in which we do not currently do so or to remit additional taxes and interest, and could impose associated penalties and fees. For example, after the U.S. Supreme Court decision in South Dakota v. Wayfair Inc., certain states have adopted, or started to enforce, laws that may require the calculation, collection and remittance of taxes on sales in their jurisdictions, even if we do not have a physical presence in such jurisdictions. A successful assertion by one or more tax authorities requiring us to collect taxes in jurisdictions in which we do not currently do so or to collect additional taxes in a jurisdiction in which we currently collect taxes, could result in substantial tax liabilities, including taxes on past sales, as well as penalties and interest, could harm our business, financial condition, and results of operations.

As a result of these and other factors, the ultimate amount of tax obligations owed may differ from the amounts recorded in our financial statements and any such difference may adversely impact our results of operations in future periods in which we change our estimates of our tax obligations or in which the ultimate tax outcome is determined.

Changes in, or interpretations of, U.S. and international tax laws and regulations could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

The tax regimes we are subject to or operate under are unsettled and may be subject to significant change. Changes in tax laws or tax rulings, or changes in interpretations of existing laws, could cause us to be subject to additional income-based taxes and non-income taxes (such as payroll, sales, use, value-added, digital tax, net worth, property, and goods and services taxes), which in turn could materially affect our financial position and results of operations. Additionally, new, changed, modified, or newly interpreted or applied tax laws could increase our customers’ and our compliance, operating and other costs, as well as the costs of our products. For example, provisions enacted in the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017 (the “Tax Act”), related to the capitalization for tax purposes of research and experimental (“R&E expenditures”), became effective on January 1, 2022. Beginning January 1, 2022, all U.S. and non-U.S. based R&E expenditures must be capitalized and amortized over five and fifteen years, respectively. Additionally, on August 16, 2022, the Inflation Reduction Act of 2022 (the “IRA”), was signed into law, with tax provisions primarily focused on implementing a 15% minimum tax on global adjusted financial statement income, effective for tax years beginning after December 31, 2022, and a 1% excise tax on share repurchases occurring after December 31, 2022. Given its recent pronouncement, it is unclear at this time what, if any, impact the IRA will have on our company's tax rate and financial results. We will continue to evaluate the IRA’s impact (if any) as further information becomes available. As we expand the scale of our business activities, any changes in the U.S. and international taxation of such activities may increase our effective tax rate and harm our business, financial condition, and results of operations.

Our ability to use our net operating loss carryforwards and certain other tax attributes may be limited.

As of December 31, 2022, we had net operating loss carryforwards (“NOLs”), for federal and state income tax purposes of approximately $479.7 million and $546.1 million, respectively, available to reduce future taxable income. The federal net operating losses generated before 2018 will begin to expire in 2032. The federal net operating losses generated in and after 2018 may be carried forward indefinitely. The expiration of state NOL carryforwards vary by state and begin to expire in 2025. Further, as of December 31, 2022, we had research and development tax credits carryforwards for federal and state income tax purposes of approximately $16.3 million and $11.1 million, respectively, available to reduce future tax liabilities. Federal research and development tax credits will begin to expire in 2033 and the state research and development tax credits can be carried forward indefinitely. It is possible that we will not generate taxable income in time to use NOLs before their expiration, or at all. Under Section 382 and Section 383 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 (as amended, the “Code”), if a corporation undergoes an “ownership change,” the corporation’s ability to use its pre-change NOLs and other tax attributes, including research and development tax credits, to offset its post-change income may be limited. In general, an “ownership change” will occur if there is a cumulative change in our ownership by “5 percent stockholders” that exceeds 50 percentage points over a rolling three-year period. Similar rules may apply under state tax laws. Our ability to use NOLs and other tax attributes to reduce future taxable income and liabilities may be subject to annual limitations as a result of ownership changes that may occur in the future (which may be outside our control).

Under the Tax Act, as amended by the CARES Act, NOLs arising in tax years beginning after December 31, 2017 are subject to an 80% of taxable income limitation (as calculated before taking the NOLs into account) for tax years beginning after December 31, 2020. In addition, NOLs arising in tax years 2018, 2019, and 2020 are subject to a five-year carryback and indefinite carryforward, while NOLs arising in tax years beginning after December 31, 2020 also are subject to indefinite carryforward but cannot be carried back. Our NOLs may also be subject to limitations in other jurisdictions. In future years, if and when a net deferred tax asset is recognized related to our NOLs, the changes in the carryforward/carryback periods as well as the new limitation on use of NOLs may significantly impact our valuation allowance assessments for NOLs generated after December 31, 2017.

Risks Related to Our Title365 Business

Our exposure to regulation and residential real estate transaction activity may be greater in California and Texas, where we source a significant proportion of our premiums.

A large portion of our title segment revenue has historically originated from residential real estate transactions in Texas, California and Florida. As compared to our competitors who operate on a wider geographic scale or whose business is less concentrated in these states, any adverse changes in the regulatory environment affecting title insurance and real estate settlement in Texas, California and Florida, which could include reductions in the maximum rates permitted to be charged, inadequate rate increases, or more fundamental changes in the design or implementation of the Texas, California and Florida title insurance regulatory framework, may expose us to more significant risks and our business, financial condition, and result of operations could be adversely affected.

In addition, to the extent residential real estate transaction volume in Texas, California or Florida changes significantly, whether due to changes in real estate values that differ from the overall U.S. real estate market, changes in the local economy relative to the U.S. economy, or natural disasters that disproportionately impact residential real estate activity in these states, we could experience lower revenues and growth than historically observed or projected.

Competition in the title insurance industry may adversely affect our business, financial condition, and results of operations.

Competition in the title insurance industry is intense, particularly with respect to price, service, and expertise. Larger commercial mortgage originators also look at the size and financial strength of a title insurance agency. Although we provide title and settlement services to large commercial customers and mortgage originators, there are many other title insurance agencies that have substantially greater gross revenue than we do and, if affiliated with a title insurance underwriter, could have significantly greater capital. The size and number of title insurance agencies varies in the geographic areas in which we conduct our title business. Our existing competitors may expand their title insurance business and, although we are not aware of any current initiatives to reduce regulatory barriers to entering our industry, any such reduction could result in new competitors, including financial institutions, entering the title insurance business. From time to time, new entrants enter the marketplace with alternative products to traditional title insurance, although many of these alternative products have been disallowed by title insurance regulators. Further, advances in technologies could, over time, significantly disrupt the traditional business model of financial services and real estate-related companies, including title insurance. These alternative products or disruptive technologies, if permitted by regulators, could adversely affect our business, financial condition, and results of operations.

Our success depends upon the real estate and title insurance industries continuing to adopt new products at their current pace and the continued growth and acceptance of digital products and services as effective enhancements and alternatives to traditional manual products and services.

We provide title and escrow products in part through our platform, which competes with traditional manual counterparts. We believe that the continued growth and acceptance of digital and instant experiences generally will depend, to a large extent, on the continued growth in commercial use of the internet and the continued migration of traditional offline markets and industries online.

The title and escrow process may not migrate to new technologies as quickly as (or at the levels that) we expect, and existing or future federal and state laws may prevent us from offering certain of our title and escrow products. For example, certain states do not allow remote notarization, which may impact our ability to introduce our products in certain markets.

Furthermore, although consumers have a legal right to select their own title insurance provider, as well as all of their settlement service vendors, consumers regularly use the providers recommended by their advisor, which may be their real estate agent, loan officer, or attorney. If consumer awareness of their right to select their own title

insurance provider or settlement service vendors and/or if demand for online title and escrow products does not increase, our business, results of operations and financial condition could be adversely affected.

Moreover, if, for any reason, an unfavorable perception develops that digital experiences and/or automation are less efficacious than in-person closings or traditional offline methods of preparing closing disclosures, purchasing title insurance and other services, our business, results of operations and financial condition could be adversely affected.

Risks Related to Our Dependence on Third Parties

We rely on partners, vendors, and other service providers to provide some of the software or data for our platform. If such partners, vendors, and other service providers interfere with the distribution of our platform or with our use of such software, our business could be adversely affected.

We rely upon certain partners, vendors, and other service providers to provide data used in, and software employed by, our platform and services or by customers and consumers using our platform and services, and it is possible that such software or data may not be reliable. From time to time we may in the future have disputes with certain of our partners, vendors, and other service providers. If, in connection with such a dispute, a partner, vendor, or service provider terminates its relationship with us or otherwise limits the provision of their software or data to us, the availability or usage of our platform could be disrupted. If the partners, vendors, and other service providers we rely upon cease to provide access to the software and/or data that we and our customers and consumers use, whether in connection with disputes or otherwise, do not provide access to such software and/or data on terms that we believe to be attractive or reasonable, or do not provide us with the most current version of such software, we may be required to seek comparable software and/or data from other sources, which may be more expensive or inferior, or may not be available at all, any of which would adversely affect our business.

We primarily rely on Amazon Web Services to deliver our services to users on our platform, and any disruption of or interference with our use of Amazon Web Services could adversely affect our business, financial condition, and results of operations.

We currently host our platform and support our operations using data centers provided by Amazon Web Services (“AWS”), a third-party provider of cloud infrastructure services. We do not have control over the operations of the facilities of AWS that we use. AWS’ facilities are vulnerable to damage or interruption from natural disasters, cyberattacks, terrorist attacks, power outages, infrastructure changes, human error, disruptions in telecommunications services, fraud, military or political conflicts, computer viruses, ransomware, malware, and similar events or acts of misconduct. Our platform’s continuing and uninterrupted performance is critical to our success. We have experienced, and expect that in the future we will experience interruptions, delays, and outages in service and availability from time to time due to a variety of factors, including infrastructure changes, human or software errors, website hosting disruptions, and capacity constraints. In addition, any changes in AWS’ service levels may adversely affect our ability to meet the requirements of users on our platform. Since our platform’s continuing and uninterrupted performance is critical to our success, sustained or repeated system failures would reduce the attractiveness of our platform. It may become increasingly difficult to maintain and improve our performance, especially during peak usage times, as we expand and the usage of our platform increases. Any negative publicity arising from these disruptions and any of the above circumstances or events may harm our reputation and brand, reduce the availability or usage of our platform, lead to a significant short-term loss of revenue, increase our costs, and impair our ability to attract new users, any of which could adversely affect our business, financial condition, and results of operations.

Our master agreement with AWS will remain in effect until terminated by AWS or us. We have a three-year agreement with AWS, expiring on June 30, 2026, that may only be terminated by us or AWS for cause upon a material breach of the agreement, subject to the terminating party providing prior written notice and a 30-day cure period. Even though our platform is entirely in the cloud, our plan is to be vendor-agnostic and we believe that we could transition to one or more alternative cloud infrastructure providers on commercially reasonable terms. We do not believe that such transfer to, or the addition of, new cloud infrastructure service providers would cause substantial harm to our business, financial condition, and results of operations over the longer term.

We depend on the interoperability of our platform across third-party applications and services that we do not control.

We have built integrations with many technology partners, including leading providers of customer relationship management platforms, loan origination systems, core banking systems, document generation systems, income and asset verification services, and pricing and product engines, and a variety of other service providers. Third-party applications, products, and services are constantly evolving, and we may not be able to maintain or modify our platform to ensure its compatibility with third-party offerings following development changes. In addition, some of our competitors, partners, or other service providers may take actions that disrupt the interoperability of our platform with their own products or services, or exert strong business influence on our ability to, and the terms on which we operate our platform. As our platform evolves, we expect the types and levels of competition we face to increase. Should any of our competitors, partners, or other service providers modify their technologies, standards, or terms of use in a manner that degrades the functionality or performance of our platform or is otherwise unsatisfactory to us or gives preferential treatment to our other competitors’ products or services, our platform, business, financial condition, and results of operations could be adversely affected.

The loss of access to credit, employment, financial and other data from external sources could harm our ability to provide our products and services.

We rely on a wide variety of data sources to provide our services and products, including data collected from applicants and borrowers, credit bureaus, payroll providers, data aggregators, and unaffiliated third parties. If we are unable to access and use data collected from or on behalf of applicants and borrowers, or other third-party data, or our access to such data is limited, our ability to provide our services and enable our customers to verify applicant data would be compromised. Any of the foregoing could negatively impact the consumer experience of our platform, the volume of loans enabled through our platform, the delivery of closing services like title and settlement services, and the degree of automation in our application process and on our platform.

Further, although we utilize third parties to enable financial services firms to verify the income and employment information provided by certain selected applicants, we cannot guarantee the accuracy of applicant information. Information provided by borrowers may be incomplete, inaccurate, or intentionally false. Any of the foregoing could adversely affect our business, financial condition, and results of operations.

Risks Related to Our Intellectual Property

Failure to adequately protect our intellectual property could adversely affect our business, financial condition, and results of operations.

Our business depends on our intellectual property, the protection of which is important to the success of our business. We rely on a combination of trademark, trade secret, copyright, and patent law and contractual restrictions to protect our intellectual property. In addition, we attempt to protect our intellectual property, technology, and confidential information by requiring our employees and consultants who develop intellectual property on our behalf to enter into confidentiality and invention assignment agreements, and third parties we share information with to enter into nondisclosure agreements. These agreements may not effectively prevent unauthorized use or disclosure of our confidential information, intellectual property, or technology and may not provide an adequate remedy in the event of unauthorized use or disclosure of our confidential information or technology, or infringement of our intellectual property. Despite our efforts to protect our proprietary rights, unauthorized parties may copy aspects of our platform or other software, technology, and functionality or obtain and use information that we consider proprietary. In addition, unauthorized parties may also attempt, or successfully endeavor, to obtain our intellectual property, confidential information, and trade secrets through various methods, including through cyberattacks, and legal or other methods of protecting this data may be inadequate.

We have registered the term “Blend” in the United States, the United Kingdom, and the European Union, and as of September 30, 2023, we had pending trademark applications in the United States as well as Canada. We have also registered the term “Title365” in the United States. Additionally, we have registered domain names that we use in, or are related to, our business, most importantly blend.com and title365.com. Competitors have and may continue to adopt service names similar to ours, thereby harming our ability to build brand identity and possibly leading to user confusion. In addition, there could be potential trade name or trademark infringement claims brought by owners of other trademarks that are similar to our trademarks. As of September 30, 2023, we had one issued patent in the United States and patent applications pending in the United States and Canada. Litigation or proceedings before the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office or other governmental authorities and administrative bodies in the United States and abroad may be necessary in the future to enforce our intellectual property rights and to determine the validity and scope of the proprietary rights of others. Further, we may not timely or successfully apply for a patent or register our trademarks or otherwise secure our intellectual property. Our efforts to protect, maintain, or enforce our proprietary rights may be ineffective and could result in substantial costs and diversion of resources, which could adversely affect our business, financial condition, and results of operations.

Intellectual property infringement assertions by third parties could result in significant costs and adversely affect our business, financial condition, results of operations, and reputation.

We operate in an industry with frequent intellectual property litigation. Other parties may assert that we have infringed their intellectual property rights. We could be required to pay substantial damages or cease using intellectual property or technology that is deemed infringing.

Further, we cannot predict whether assertions of third-party intellectual property rights or claims arising from such assertions would substantially adversely affect our business, financial condition, and results of operations. The defense of these claims and any future infringement claims, whether they are with or without merit or are determined in our favor, may result in costly litigation and diversion of technical and management personnel. Further, an adverse outcome of a dispute may require us to pay damages, potentially including treble damages and attorneys’ fees if we are found to have willfully infringed a party’s patent or copyright rights, cease making, licensing, or using products that are alleged to incorporate the intellectual property of others, expend additional development resources to redesign our offerings, and enter into potentially unfavorable royalty or license agreements in order to obtain the right to use necessary technologies. Royalty or licensing agreements, if required, may be unavailable on terms acceptable to us, or at all. In any event, we may need to license intellectual property which would require us to pay royalties or make one-time payments. Even if these matters do not result in litigation or are resolved in our favor or without significant cash settlements, the time and resources necessary to resolve them could adversely affect our business, reputation, financial condition, results of operations, and reputation.

Our platform contains third-party open source software components, and failure to comply with the terms of the underlying open source software licenses could restrict our ability to provide our platform.

Our platform contains software modules licensed to us by third-party authors under “open source” licenses. Use and distribution of open source software may entail greater risks than use of third-party commercial software, as open source licensors generally do not provide support, warranties, indemnification, or other contractual protections regarding infringement claims or the quality of the code. In addition, the public availability of such software may make it easier for others to compromise our platform.

Some open source licenses contain requirements that may, depending on how the licensed software is used or modified, require that we make available source code for modifications or derivative works we create based upon the licensed open source software, authorize further modification and redistribution of that source code, make that source code available at little or no cost, or grant other licenses to our intellectual property. If we combine our proprietary software with open source software in a certain manner, we could, under certain open source licenses, be required to release the source code of our proprietary software under the terms of an open source software license. This could enable our competitors to create similar offerings with lower development effort and time and ultimately could result in a loss of our competitive advantages. Alternatively, to avoid the release of the affected portions of our source code, we could be required to purchase additional licenses, expend substantial time, and resources to re-engineer some or all of our software or cease use or distribution of some or all of our software until we can adequately address the concerns.

Although we have certain policies and procedures in place to monitor our use of open source software that are designed to avoid subjecting our platform to conditions, those policies and procedures may not be effective to detect or address all such conditions. In addition, the terms of many open source licenses have not been interpreted by U.S. or foreign courts, and there is a risk that these licenses could be construed in a way that could impose unanticipated conditions or restrictions on our ability to provide or distribute our platform. From time to time, there have been claims challenging the ownership of open source software against companies that incorporate open source software into their solutions. As a result, we could be subject to lawsuits by parties claiming ownership of what we believe to be open source software. If we are held to have breached or failed to fully comply with all the terms and conditions of an open source software license, we could face infringement or other liability, or be required to seek costly licenses from third parties to continue providing our platform on terms that are not economically feasible, to re-engineer our platform, to discontinue or delay the provision of our platform if re-engineering could not be accomplished on a timely basis, or to make generally available, in source code form, our proprietary code, any of which could adversely affect our business, financial condition, and results of operations.

Risks Related to Ownership of Our Class A Common Stock

The multi-class structure of our common stock has the effect of concentrating voting power with Nima Ghamsari, Head of Blend, Co-Founder, and Chair of our board of directors, which will severely limit your ability to influence or direct the outcome of matters submitted to our stockholders for approval, including the election of our board of directors, the adoption of amendments to our Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation and amended and restated bylaws, and the approval of any merger, consolidation, sale of all or substantially all of our assets or other major corporate transaction.

Our Class A common stock has one vote per share, our Class B common stock has 40 votes per share, and our Class C common stock has no voting rights, except as otherwise required by law. As of December 31, 2022, Nima Ghamsari, Head of Blend, Co-Founder, and Chair of our board of directors, beneficially owns all of the issued and outstanding shares of our Class B common stock. As of September 30, 2023, the shares beneficially owned by Mr. Ghamsari represented approximately 63% of the total voting power of our outstanding capital stock, which voting power may increase over time as Mr. Ghamsari exercises equity awards and exchanges them for our Class B common stock under the Equity Exchange Agreement. If all such equity awards held by Mr. Ghamsari (including the Co-Founder and Head of Blend Long-Term Performance Award) had been exercised for cash as of September 30, 2023, Mr. Ghamsari would hold approximately 87% of the voting power of our outstanding capital

stock. As a result, for the foreseeable future, Mr. Ghamsari will be able to control matters requiring approval by our stockholders, including the election of members of our board of directors, the adoption of amendments to our Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation and amended and restated bylaws, and the approval of any merger, consolidation, sale of all or substantially all of our assets or other major corporate transaction. Mr. Ghamsari may have interests that differ from yours and may vote in a way with which you disagree and which may be adverse to your interest. The concentration of control will limit or preclude your ability to influence corporate matters for the foreseeable future and could have the effect of delaying, preventing, or deterring a change in control of our company, could deprive you and other holders of Class A common stock of an opportunity to receive a premium for your Class A common stock as part of a sale of our company and could negatively affect the market price of our Class A common stock. In addition, this may prevent or discourage unsolicited acquisition proposals or offers for our capital stock that you may feel are in your best interest as one of our stockholders.

Because of the 40-to-one voting ratio between our Class B and Class A common stock, even if Mr. Ghamsari transfers or sells a significant number of shares of Class A common stock, he will continue to control a significant portion of the voting power of our capital stock based on his current ownership. Future transfers by Mr. Ghamsari and his affiliates of Class B common stock will generally result in those shares converting into shares of Class A common stock, subject to limited exceptions, such as certain transfers effected for estate planning or charitable purposes. In addition, each share of Class B common stock will convert automatically into one share of Class A common stock upon (i) the date fixed by our board of directors that is no less than 61 days and no more than 180 days following the first date following the completion of our initial public offering (“IPO”), on which the number of shares of our capital stock, including Class A common stock, Class B common stock, and Class C common stock, and any shares of capital stock underlying equity securities or other convertible instruments, held by Mr. Ghamsari and his affiliates is less than 35% of the number of shares of Class B common stock held by Mr. Ghamsari and his affiliates as of immediately following the completion of our IPO, which we sometimes refer to herein as the 35% Ownership Threshold; (ii) 12 months after the death or total disability of Mr. Ghamsari, during which 12-month period the shares of our Class B common stock shall be voted as directed by a person designated by Mr. Ghamsari and approved by our board of directors (or if there is no such person, then our secretary then in office); (iii) the date fixed by our board of directors that is no less than 61 days and no more than 180 days following the date on which Mr. Ghamsari is terminated for cause (as defined in our Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation); (iv) the date fixed by our board of directors that is no less than 61 days and no more than 180 days following the date upon which (A) Mr. Ghamsari is no longer providing services to us as an officer or employee and (B) Mr. Ghamsari is no longer a member of our board of directors, either as a result of Mr. Ghamsari’s voluntary resignation or as a result of a request or agreement by Mr. Ghamsari at a meeting of our stockholders for Mr. Ghamsari not to be renominated as a member of our board of directors; or (v) the 50-year anniversary of the completion of our IPO. We refer to the date on which such final conversion of all outstanding shares of Class B common stock pursuant to the terms of our Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation occurs as the Final Conversion Date.

No shares of our Class C common stock, which entitle the holder to zero votes per share (except as otherwise required by law), were issued and outstanding as of December 31, 2022 and we have no current plans to issue shares of Class C common stock. These shares will be available to be used in the future to further strategic initiatives, such as financings or acquisitions, or issue future equity awards to our service providers. Over time the issuance of shares of Class A common stock will result in voting dilution to all of our stockholders and this dilution could eventually result in Mr. Ghamsari and his affiliates holding less than a majority of our total outstanding voting power. Once Mr. Ghamsari and his affiliates own less than a majority of our total outstanding voting power, Mr. Ghamsari would no longer have the unilateral ability to elect all of our directors and to determine the outcome of any matter submitted for a vote of our stockholders. Because the shares of Class C common stock have no voting rights (except as required by law), the issuance of such shares will not result in further voting dilution, which would prolong the voting control of Mr. Ghamsari. Further, the issuance of such shares of Class C common stock to Mr. Ghamsari would also delay the final conversion of all of our outstanding Class B common stock because shares of Class C common stock issued to Mr. Ghamsari would be counted when determining whether the 35% Ownership Threshold has been met. As a result, the issuance of shares of Class C common stock could prolong the duration of Mr. Ghamsari’s control of our voting power and his ability to elect all of our directors and to determine the outcome of most matters submitted to a vote of our stockholders. In addition, we could issue shares of Class C common stock to Mr. Ghamsari and, in that event, he would be able to sell such shares of Class C common stock and achieve liquidity

in his holdings without diminishing his voting control. Sales of significant amounts of stock by Mr. Ghamsari or changes in our capital structure, including as a result of the Final Conversion Date, could result in a change of control or cause volatility in our stock price and uncertainty. Any future issuances of shares of Class C common stock will not be subject to approval by our stockholders except as required by the listing standards of the New York Stock Exchange.

Although we do not currently expect to rely on the “controlled company” exemption under the listing standards of the New York Stock Exchange, we expect to have the right to use such exemption and therefore we could in the future avail ourselves of certain reduced corporate governance requirements.

As a result of our multi-class common stock structure, Nima Ghamsari, Head of Blend, Co-Founder and Chair of our board of directors, holds a majority of the voting power of our outstanding capital stock. Therefore, we are considered a “controlled company” within the meaning of the rules of the New York Stock Exchange. Under these rules, a company in which over 50% of the voting power for the election of directors is held by an individual, a group, or another company is a “controlled company” and may elect not to comply with certain listing standards of the New York Stock Exchange regarding corporate governance, including:

•the requirement that a majority of its board of directors consist of independent directors;

•the requirement that its nominating/corporate governance committee be composed entirely of independent directors with a written charter addressing the committee’s purpose and responsibilities and an annual performance evaluation of the committee;

•the requirement that its compensation committee be composed entirely of independent directors with a written charter addressing the committee’s purpose and responsibilities, and

•annual performance evaluation of the committee, and the rights and responsibilities of the committee relate to any compensation consultant, independent legal counsel, or any other advisor retained by the committee.

These requirements would not apply to us if, in the future, we choose to avail ourselves of the “controlled company” exemption. Although we qualify as a “controlled company”, we do not currently expect to rely on these exemptions and intend to fully comply with all corporate governance requirements under the listing standards of the New York Stock Exchange. However, if we were to utilize some or all of these exemptions, we would not comply with certain of the corporate governance standards of the New York Stock Exchange, which could adversely affect the protections for other stockholders.

The trading price of our Class A common stock has been and may continue to be volatile, and you could lose all or part of your investment.

The trading price of our Class A common stock has been and may continue to be volatile and could be subject to fluctuations or declines in response to various factors, some of which are beyond our control. These fluctuations could cause you to lose all or part of your investment in our Class A common stock since you might be unable to sell your shares at or above the price you paid for such shares. Factors that could cause fluctuations in the trading price of our Class A common stock include the following:

•price and volume fluctuations in the overall stock market from time to time;

•volatility in the trading prices and trading volumes of technology stocks;

•changes in operating performance and stock market valuations of other technology companies generally, or those in our industry in particular;

•sales of shares of our Class A common stock by us or our stockholders, including sales by or on behalf of Nima Ghamsari, Head of Blend, Co-Founder and Chair of our board of directors, to reduce or satisfy the outstanding amounts under his personal loans as required or permitted under his loan documentation with certain lenders (including as a result of foreclosure), under which he has pledged shares of his Class B common stock to secure certain personal indebtedness, or for any other reason;

•changes in our capital structure, including as a result of the Final Conversion Date, which could result in a change of control;

•failure of securities analysts to maintain coverage of us or changes in financial estimates by securities analysts who follow our company;

•failure to meet our financial estimates or expectations or the financial estimates or expectations of securities analysts or investors;

•the financial projections we may provide to the public, any changes in those projections, or our failure to meet those projections;

•announcements by us or our competitors of new services or platform features;

•the public’s reaction to our press releases, other public announcements, and filings with the SEC;

•rumors and market speculation involving us or other companies in our industry;

•actual or anticipated changes in our results of operations or fluctuations in our results of operations;

•actual or anticipated developments in our business, our competitors’ businesses, or the competitive landscape generally;

•litigation involving us, our industry or both, or investigations by regulators into our operations or those of our competitors;

•actual or perceived privacy or security breaches or other incidents;

•developments or disputes concerning our intellectual property or other proprietary rights;

•announced or completed acquisitions of businesses, services, or technologies by us or our competitors;

•announced or completed strategic transactions by us or our competitors;

•new laws or regulations or new interpretations of existing laws or regulations applicable to our business;

•changes in accounting standards, policies, guidelines, interpretations, or principles;

•any significant change in our management;

•failure to continue to be listed on the New York Stock Exchange (“NYSE”);

•general economic conditions and slow or negative growth of our markets; and

•other events or factors, including those resulting from war, incidents of terrorism, natural disasters, public health concerns or epidemics, such as the COVID-19 pandemic, natural disasters, the war in Ukraine, the conflict in Israel, or responses to these events.

In addition, in the past, following periods of volatility in the overall market and the market price of a particular company’s securities, securities class action litigation has often been instituted against these companies. This litigation, if instituted against us, could result in substantial costs and a diversion of our management’s attention and resources.

If we are unable to remain in compliance with the continued listing requirements of the NYSE, our Class A common stock could be delisted, which could limit investors' ability to make transactions in our securities and subject us to additional trading restrictions.

Our Class A common stock is currently listed on the New York Stock Exchange under the trading symbol “BLND.” On April 28, 2023, we received written notice from the NYSE that we were not in compliance with Section 802.01C of the NYSE Listed Company Manual because the average closing price of our Class A common stock was less than $1.00 over a consecutive 30 trading-day period. We have regained compliance with the NYSE’s listing requirements as of July 31, 2023. However, the trading price of our Class A common stock has been and may continue to be volatile and could be subject to fluctuations or declines. Since April 28, 2023, the closing pricing or our Class A

common stock has varied from a low of $0.55 per share to a high of $1.50. If the average closing price of our Class A common stock is again less than $1.00 over a consecutive 30 trading-day period, we will receive another notice from the NYSE that we are not in compliance with the NYSE Listed Company Manual and we will be required to regain compliance within six months following receipt of the notice or be subject to delisting. If the NYSE delists our securities from trading on its exchange and we are not able to list such securities on another national securities exchange, we expect our securities could be quoted on an over-the-counter market. If this were to occur, it could adversely affect our business, financial condition, and results of operations, and would likely result in some or all of the following:

•a limited availability of market quotations for our Class A common stock;

•reduced liquidity;

•a determination that our Class A common stock is a “penny stock” which will require brokers trading in our shares to adhere to more stringent rules, possibly resulting in a reduced level of trading activity in the secondary trading market for our Class A common stock;

•a limited amount of news and analyst coverage for our company; and

•a decreased ability to issue additional securities or obtain additional financing in the future.

We are an “emerging growth company” and we cannot be certain if the reduced disclosure requirements applicable to emerging growth companies will make our Class A common stock less attractive to investors.

We are an emerging growth company, as defined in the JOBS Act, and have the option to utilize certain exemptions from various reporting requirements that are applicable to other public companies that are not emerging growth companies including, but not limited to, not being required to comply with the auditor attestation requirements of Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, reduced disclosure obligations regarding executive compensation in our periodic reports and proxy statements, and exemptions from the requirements of holding a non-binding advisory vote on executive compensation and stockholder approval of any golden parachute payments not previously approved. We may take advantage of these reporting exemptions until we are no longer an emerging growth company. We will remain an emerging growth company until the earlier of (i) the last day of the fiscal year (A) following the fifth anniversary of the completion of our IPO, (B) in which we have total annual revenue of at least $1.07 billion, or (C) in which we are deemed to be a large accelerated filer, with at least $700 million of equity securities held by non-affiliates as of the prior June 30th, and (ii) the date on which we have issued more than $1 billion in non-convertible debt during the prior three-year period.

Under the JOBS Act, emerging growth companies can also delay adopting new or revised accounting standards until such time as those standards apply to private companies. We intend to use this extended transition period for complying with new or revised accounting standards that have different effective dates for public and private companies until the earlier of the date we (i) are no longer an emerging growth company or (ii) affirmatively and irrevocably opt out of the extended transition period provided in the JOBS Act. As a result, our financial statements may not be comparable to companies that comply with new or revised accounting pronouncements as of public company effective dates. While we have not made such an irrevocable election, we have not delayed the adoption of any applicable accounting standards. Further, we may take advantage of some of the other reduced regulatory and reporting requirements that will be available to us so long as we qualify as an emerging growth company.

Among other things, this means that our independent registered public accounting firm will not be required to provide an attestation report on the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting so long as we qualify as an emerging growth company, which may increase the risk that weaknesses or deficiencies in our internal control over financial reporting go undetected. Likewise, so long as we qualify as an emerging growth company, we may elect not to provide you with certain information, including certain financial information and certain information regarding compensation of our executive officers, that we would otherwise have been required to provide in filings we make with the SEC, which may make it more difficult for investors and securities analysts to evaluate our company. As a result, investor confidence in our company and the market price of our Class A common stock may be adversely affected. Further, we cannot predict if investors will find our Class A common stock less attractive if we will rely on these exemptions. If some investors find our Class A common stock less attractive as a result, there may be a less active trading market for our Class A common stock and our stock price may be more volatile.

Delaware law and provisions in our Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation and amended and restated bylaws could make a merger, tender offer or proxy contest difficult, thereby depressing the market price of our Class A common stock.

Our status as a Delaware corporation and the anti-takeover provisions of the Delaware General Corporation Law may discourage, delay, or prevent a change in control by prohibiting us from engaging in a business combination with an interested stockholder for a period of three years after the date of the transaction in which the person became an interested stockholder, even if a change of control would be beneficial to our existing stockholders. In addition, our Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation and amended and restated bylaws contain provisions that may make the acquisition of our company more difficult, including the following:

•any amendments to our Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation require the approval of at least a majority of the voting power of the outstanding shares of our Class A common stock and Class B common stock voting as a single class;

•our amended and restated bylaws provide that approval of the holders of at least a majority of the voting power of the outstanding shares of our Class A common stock and Class B common stock voting as a single class is required for stockholders to amend or adopt any provision of our amended and restated bylaws;

•our multi-class common stock structure, which provides Nima Ghamsari with the ability to determine or significantly influence the outcome of matters requiring stockholder approval, even if he owns significantly less than a majority of the shares of our outstanding Class A common stock, Class B common stock, and Class C common stock;

•until the first date on which the outstanding shares of our Class B common stock represent less than a majority of the total combined voting power of our Class A common stock and our Class B common stock (the “Voting Threshold Date”), our stockholders will only be able to take action by written consent if such action is first recommended or approved by our board of directors, and after the Voting Threshold Date, our stockholders will only be able to take action at a meeting of stockholders and will not be able to take action by written consent for any matter;

•our Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation does not provide for cumulative voting;

•vacancies on our board of directors are able to be filled only by our board of directors and not by stockholders;

•a special meeting of our stockholders may only be called by the chairperson of our board of directors, our principal executive officer, our president, or a majority of our board of directors;

•certain litigation against us can only be brought in Delaware;

•our Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation authorizes undesignated preferred stock, the terms of which may be established and shares of which may be issued without further action by our stockholders; and

•advance notice procedures apply for stockholders to nominate candidates for election as directors or to bring matters before an annual meeting of stockholders.

These provisions, alone or together, could discourage, delay, or prevent a transaction involving a change in control of our company. These provisions could also discourage proxy contests and make it more difficult for stockholders to elect directors of their choosing and to cause us to take other corporate actions they desire, any of which, under certain circumstances, could limit the opportunity for our stockholders to receive a premium for their shares of our Class A common stock, and could also affect the price that some investors are willing to pay for our Class A common stock.

Our amended and restated bylaws designate a state or federal court located within the State of Delaware as the exclusive forum for substantially all disputes between us and our stockholders, which could limit our stockholders’ ability to choose the judicial forum for disputes with us or our directors, officers or employees.

Our amended and restated bylaws provide that, unless we consent in writing to the selection of an alternative forum, to the fullest extent permitted by law, the sole and exclusive forum for (i) any derivative action or proceeding brought on our behalf, (ii) any action asserting a claim of breach of a fiduciary duty owed by any of our directors, officers, or other employees to us or our stockholders, (iii) any action arising pursuant to any provision of the Delaware General Corporation Law, our Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation, or our amended and restated bylaws, or (iv) any other action asserting a claim that is governed by the internal affairs doctrine shall be the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware (or, if the Court of Chancery does not have jurisdiction, the federal district court for the District of Delaware), in all cases subject to the court having jurisdiction over indispensable parties named as defendants.

Section 22 of the Securities Act creates concurrent jurisdiction for federal and state courts over all such Securities Act actions. Accordingly, both state and federal courts have jurisdiction to entertain such claims. To prevent having to litigate claims in multiple jurisdictions and the threat of inconsistent or contrary rulings by different courts, among other considerations, our amended and restated bylaws also provide that the federal district courts of the United States of America will be the exclusive forum for resolving any complaint asserting a cause of action arising under the Securities Act. Nothing in our amended and restated bylaws precludes stockholders that assert claims under the Exchange Act from bringing such claims in state or federal court, subject to applicable law.

Any person or entity purchasing or otherwise acquiring any interest in any of our securities shall be deemed to have notice of and consented to these provisions. These exclusive forum provisions may limit a stockholder’s ability to bring a claim in a judicial forum of its choosing for disputes with us or our directors, officers, or other employees, which may discourage lawsuits against us and our directors, officers, and other employees. The enforceability of similar choice of forum provisions in other companies’ charter documents has been challenged in legal proceedings, and it is possible that a court could find these types of provisions to be inapplicable or unenforceable. For example, in December 2018, the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware determined that a provision stating that U.S. federal district courts are the exclusive forum for resolving any complaint asserting a cause of action arising under the Securities Act is not enforceable. Although this decision was reversed by the Delaware Supreme Court in March 2020, courts in other states may still find these provisions to be inapplicable or unenforceable. If a court were to find the exclusive forum provisions in our amended and restated bylaws to be inapplicable or unenforceable in an action, we may incur additional costs associated with resolving the dispute in other jurisdictions, which could adversely affect our results of operations.

If securities or industry analysts do not publish research or publish inaccurate or unfavorable research about us, our business or our market, or if they change their recommendation regarding our Class A common stock adversely, the market price and trading volume of our Class A common stock could decline.

The trading market for our common stock depends in part on the research and reports that securities or industry analysts publish about us, our business, our market, or our competitors. The analysts’ estimates are based upon their own opinions and are often different from our estimates or expectations. If any of the analysts who cover us change their recommendation regarding our Class A common stock adversely, provide more favorable relative recommendations about our competitors, or publish inaccurate or unfavorable research about our business, the price of our securities would likely decline. If few securities analysts commence coverage of us, or if one or more of these analysts cease coverage of us or fail to publish reports on us regularly, we could lose visibility in the financial markets and demand for our securities could decrease, which could cause the price and trading volume of our Class A common stock to decline.

We do not expect to pay dividends in the foreseeable future.

We have never declared nor paid cash dividends on our capital stock. We currently intend to retain any future earnings to finance the operation and expansion of our business, and we do not anticipate declaring or paying any cash dividends to holders of our capital stock in the foreseeable future. In addition, our ability to pay cash dividends on our capital stock is likely to be restricted by any current and/or future debt financing arrangement we enter into. Consequently, stockholders must rely on sales of their Class A common stock after price appreciation, which may never occur, as the only way to realize any future gains on their investment.

ITEM 2. RECENT SALES OF UNREGISTERED SECURITIES AND USE OF PROCEEDS

Recent Sales of Unregistered Securities

None.

ITEM 3. DEFAULTS UPON SENIOR SECURITIES

None.

ITEM 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES

Not applicable.

ITEM 5. OTHER INFORMATION

Securities Trading Plans of Directors and Executive Officers

On August 30, 2023, Nima Ghamsari, Head of Blend, adopted a Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement providing for the sale from time to time of an aggregate of approximately $1,850,000 of the Company’s Class A Common Stock, with the number of shares based on market prices at the time of the sale. The trading arrangement is intended to satisfy the affirmative defense in Rule 10b5-1(c). Trades under the trading arrangement occur on a monthly basis, following the cooling-off period, in accordance with the Company’s Insider Trading Policy and Rule 10b5-1 Trading Plan Guidelines. The duration of the trading arrangement is until May 30, 2024, or earlier if all transactions under the trading arrangement are completed.

No other officers or directors, as defined in Rule 16a-1(f), adopted or terminated a “Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement” or a “non-Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement,” as defined in Regulation S-K Item 408, during the last fiscal quarter.

ITEM 6. EXHIBITS

We have filed the exhibits listed on the accompanying Exhibit Index, which is incorporated herein by reference.

EXHIBIT INDEX

Exhibit Number

Description

10.1

L etter Agreement between the Registrant and Nima Gha msari dated as of Au gust 2 5 , 2023.

10.2

F orm of Change in Control S everance Agreement.

10.3

F orm of Award Letter.

31.1

Certification of Principal Executive Officer pursuant to Exchange Act Rules 13a-14(a) and 15d-14(a), as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.

31.2

Certification of Principal Financial Officer pursuant to Exchange Act Rules 13a-14(a) and 15d-14(a), as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.

32.1†

Certifications of Principal Executive Officer and Principal Financial Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.

101.INS

XBRL Instance Document.

101.SCH

XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document.

101.CAL

XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document.

101.DEF

XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document.

101.LAB

XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document.

101.PRE

XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document.

104

The cover page from the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2023 has been formatted in Inline XBRL.

_______________

† The certifications attached as Exhibit 32.1 that accompany this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q are deemed furnished and not filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission and are not to be incorporated by reference into any filing of Blend Labs, Inc. under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, whether made before or after the date of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, irrespective of any general incorporation language contained in such filing.

SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

BLEND LABS, INC.

Date:

November 7, 2023

By:

/s/ Nima Ghamsari

Nima Ghamsari

Head of Blend and Co-Founder

(Principal Executive Officer)

Date:

November 7, 2023

By:

/s/ Amir Jafari

Amir Jafari

Head of Finance

(Principal Financial Officer)

100