BLONDER TONGUE LABORATORIES INC - Annual Report: 2017 (Form 10-K)

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-K

☒ ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

FOR THE FISCAL YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2017, OR

☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

FOR THE TRANSITION PERIOD FROM ______ to ______

Commission file number: 1-14120

BLONDER TONGUE LABORATORIES, INC.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Registrant’s telephone number, including area code: (732) 679-4000

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: None

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes ☐  No ☒

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act. Yes ☐  No ☒

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒  No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§ 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files). Yes ☒  No ☐

Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K (§ 229.405 of this chapter) is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of registrant’s knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this Form 10-K. ☒

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or emerging growth company. See definition of “accelerated filer,” “large accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐  No ☒

The aggregate market value of voting stock held by non-affiliates of the registrant as of June 30, 2017: $2,542,581

Number of shares of common stock, par value $.001, outstanding as of March 15, 2018: 8,210,743

Documents incorporated by reference:

Certain portions of the registrant’s definitive Proxy Statement for the Annual Meeting of Stockholders expected to be held on June 26, 2018 are incorporated by reference into Part III of this report.

Forward-Looking Statements

In addition to historical information, this Annual Report of Blonder Tongue Laboratories, Inc., a Delaware Corporation (“Blonder Tongue” or the “Company”), contains forward-looking statements regarding future events relating to such matters as anticipated financial performance, business prospects, technological developments, new products, research and development activities and similar matters. The Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995, the Securities Act of 1933 and the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 provide safe harbors for forward-looking statements. In order to comply with the terms of these safe harbors, the Company notes that a variety of factors could cause the Company’s actual results and experience to differ materially and adversely from the anticipated results or other expectations expressed in the Company’s forward-looking statements. The risks and uncertainties that may affect the operation, performance, development and results of the Company’s business include, but are not limited to, those matters discussed herein in the sections entitled Item 1 - Business, Item 1A - Risk Factors, Item 3 - Legal Proceedings and Item 7 - Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations. The words “believe,” “expect,” “anticipate,” “project,” “target,” “intend,” “plan,” “seek,” “estimate,” “endeavor,” “should,” “could,” “may” and similar expressions are intended to identify forward-looking statements. In addition, any statements that refer to projections of our future financial performance, our anticipated growth trends in our business and other characterizations of future events or circumstances are forward-looking statements. Readers are cautioned not to place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements, which reflect management’s analysis only as of the date hereof. The Company undertakes no obligation to publicly revise these forward-looking statements to reflect events or circumstances that arise after the date hereof, except as may be required under applicable law. Readers should carefully review the risk factors described herein and in other documents the Company files from time to time with the Securities and Exchange Commission.

PART I

Introduction

Overview

Blonder Tongue, with its subsidiary R. L. Drake Holdings, LLC (“Drake”), is a technology-development and manufacturing company that delivers a wide range of products and services to the cable entertainment and media industry. For over 65 years, Blonder Tongue/Drake products have been deployed in a long list of locations, including lodging/hospitality, multi-dwelling units/apartments (“MDU”), broadcast studios/networks, universities/schools, healthcare/hospitals, fitness centers, government facilities/offices, prisons, airports, sports stadiums/arenas, entertainment venues/casinos, retail stores, and small-medium businesses. These applications are also variously described as commercial, institutional, and/or enterprise environments and will be referred to herein collectively as “CIE”. The customers we serve include business entities installing private video and data networks in these environments, whether they are the largest cable television operators, telco or satellite providers, integrators, architects, engineers or the next generation of Internet Protocol Television (“IPTV”) streaming video providers.

From the cable television pioneers that founded the Company in 1950, to the highly experienced research and development team that creates new products today, the Company’s success stems from listening to the needs of its customers, providing quality products to meet those needs and supporting those products after delivery. For over 65 years Blonder Tongue has been providing innovative solutions based on continually advancing technology, enabling the Company to maintain its position as a leader in many of the CIE markets it serves. Since its founding Blonder Tongue has continued to keep abreast of evolving technologies, from analog to digital television, Hybrid-Fiber Coax (“HFC”) networks with Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (“QAM”) edge devices, High Definition (“HD”) and Ultra HD (4K) encoding and transcoding, IPTV processing and distribution, and Multiscreen Adaptive Bit Rate based services.

The cable television market has reacted quickly to consumer demands for additional services by integrating multiple technologies into existing networks, providing consumers with high speed internet access in addition to enhanced video offerings. Today, video offerings have expanded from traditional broadcast linear delivery to the living room TV to live streaming to any device in your home or on the go. Traditional TV content is now available in any format to be viewed on tablets, mobile phones, computers or gaming consoles. Service Operators are migrating their video-on-demand (“VOD”) architecture to an internet protocol (“IP”) multiscreen ecosystem, which is the first step in transitioning to an all IP-based video delivery system. CIE businesses are upgrading their networks from standard definition (“SD”) to deliver HD content to their first screen (TV) and adding the capability of IP streaming, thereby expanding viewer access to HD content on any IP-connected devices. The infrastructure requirements to enable IP streaming provide the Company with an opportunity to market and sell its expanded IP streaming encoders and digital product lines.

While residential growth remains relatively flat, the CIE environment is growing ($10.44 billion in 2017, up from $9.3 billion in 2014). The CIE market segments that the Company serves have been focused on the migration to IPTV networks. The Company has expanded its video product line portfolio to address the growth of IP streaming. The Company’s newly introduced Scalable Transcode-Encoder Platform (“STEP”) transcodes HD/SD video content to Adaptive Bit Rate video profiles supporting multi-screen protocols for further processing into the operator’s multiscreen work flow. The Company has collaborated with cable television (“CATV”) Multiple System Operators (“MSOs”) to produce a cost-effective encoder for IP support of Public Education Government (“PEG”) video content. A custom hotel guide solution was developed for MSOs, enabling them to extract guide source data from the headend and transmit it over traditional HFC networks to produce a custom hotel guide at a lower price than the traditional third-party guide solutions. As the industry adopts Ultra-HD (4K) and High Efficiency Video Coding (“HEVC”) encoding, the Company plans to produce products to support its traditional customers as well as new customers. While already experiencing full scale commercialization in international markets, the United States market continues to increasingly embrace IPTV technology. The worldwide market now has over 150 million IPTV subscribers, and is projected to have 192 million by 2020.

The Company continues to advance the implementation of its strategic plan to maximize shareholder value. The Company’s strategic plan consists of the following:

The Company has entered into and renewed several agreements through which it has acquired rights to use and incorporate certain proprietary technologies in its digital encoder line of products, including:

The Dolby® Labs License Agreement grants the Company the right to manufacture, label and sell professional digital encoder products and consumer digital decoder products and to use the Dolby trademarks. This technology has a number of improvements aimed at increasing quality at a given bit rate compared with legacy Dolby Digital (AC-3). Most notably, it offers increased bit rates, support for more audio channels, improved coding techniques to reduce compression artifacts, and backward compatibility with existing AC-3 hardware.

The DTLA and LG Electronics license agreements provide the Company with certain technology necessary for production of EdgeQAM devices for the hospitality industry. With the DTLA agreement the Company became a full-adopter of DTCP license technology, which is used to encrypt the interconnections between devices such as satellite receivers, personal computers and portable media players. Consequently, content can be transferred through and among these devices only if incorporating this technology.

The Pro:Idiom digital technology platform provides the hospitality market with a robust, secure Digital Rights Management (“DRM”) system, ensuring rapid, broad deployment of HD television (“HDTV”) and other high-value digital content to licensed users in the lodging industry. Lodging industry leaders such as World Cinema Inc. have licensed the Pro:Idiom DRM system. A growing number of content providers have demonstrated their acceptance of Pro:Idiom by licensing their HD content for delivery to Pro:Idiom users.

The MPEG-2 Encoder IP core has a unique compression engine capable of creating HD MPEG-2 real-time encoding of a single channel of 1080i/720p/480i video. The use of this real-time encoding technique enables the Company to provide broadcast MPEG-2 HD and SD encoding. MPEG-2 is widely used as the format of digital television signals that are broadcast by terrestrial (over-the-air), cable, and direct broadcast satellite TV systems. The Company’s revenues for digital encoders were $6,957,000 in 2017 and $7,762,000 in 2016.

The H.264/AVC is a video compression standard that enables a compelling solution for growing IP video services. The H.264 HD Encoder core has the capability to cut the bandwidth requirement for digital video delivery in half when compared against MPEG-2 encoders. This essentially facilitates the transmission of twice the number of programs in a given bandwidth. The use of this H.264 encoding technique enables the Company to provide high quality video at higher resolutions like 720p & 1080i. H.264 is a widely used format for transmitting high quality digital television signals over IP networks. The Company started shipping the H.264 encoders in 2012.

The Company’s manufacturing is allocated primarily between its facility in Old Bridge, New Jersey (the “Old Bridge Facility”) and a key contract manufacturer located in the People’s Republic of China (“PRC”). The Company currently manufactures most of its digital products, including the latest encoder and EdgeQAM collections at its Old Bridge Facility. Since 2007 the Company has transitioned and continues to manufacture certain high- volume, labor intensive products, including many of the Company’s analog products, in the PRC, pursuant to a manufacturing agreement that governs the production of products that may from time to time be the subject of purchase orders submitted by (and in the discretion of) the Company. Although the Company does not currently anticipate the transfer of any additional products to the PRC for manufacture, the Company may do so if business and market conditions make it advantageous to do so. Manufacturing products both at the Company’s Old Bridge Facility and in the PRC enables the Company to realize cost reductions while maintaining a competitive position and time-to-market advantage.

The Company may, from time to time, provide manufacturing, research and development and product support services for other companies’ products. In 2015, the Company entered into an agreement with VBrick Systems, Inc. (“VBrick”) to provide procurement, manufacturing, warehousing and fulfillment support to VBrick for a line of high end encoder products and sub-assemblies. Sales to VBrick of encoder products were approximately $840,000 and $1,176,000 in 2017 and 2016, respectively. Sales to VBrick for sub-assemblies were not material in 2017 or 2016.

The Company was incorporated in November, 1988, under the laws of Delaware as GPS Acquisition Corp. for the purpose of acquiring the business of Blonder-Tongue Laboratories, Inc., a New Jersey corporation, which was founded in 1950 by Ben H. Tongue and Isaac S. Blonder to design, manufacture and supply a line of electronics and systems equipment principally for the private cable industry. Following the acquisition, the Company changed its name to Blonder Tongue Laboratories, Inc. The Company completed the initial public offering of its shares of Common Stock in December, 1995. The address of the Company’s principal executive offices is One Jake Brown Road, Old Bridge, New Jersey 08857, and its telephone number at that location is (732) 679-4000.

Strategy

It is a constant challenge for the Company to stay at the forefront of the technological requirements of the CIE market segments that it serves. Changes and developments in the manner in which information (whether video, telephony or data) is transmitted, as well as the use of alternative compression and delivery technologies, all require the Company to continue to develop innovative new products. The Company allocates its resources as needed to create innovative products that are responsive to the demand for digital signal generation and transmission. The Company’s key product lines are more thoroughly discussed under “Key Products” beginning on page 7. The ongoing evolution of the Company’s product lines focuses on the increased needs created in the digital space by digital video, IPTV and HDTV signals and the transport of these signals over state-of-the-art broadband networks.

The primary end locations of the Company’s product are the CIE environments described above, including lodging/hospitality, multi-dwelling units/apartments, broadcast studios/networks, universities/schools, healthcare/hospitals, fitness centers, government facilities/offices, prisons, airports, sports stadiums/arenas, entertainment venues/casinos, retail stores, and small-medium businesses. We provide a wide range of products to meet the special needs of these applications, and we serve many types of customers, from the large cable companies to private contractors. We sell to anyone putting product into the CIE business market, including:

The key to proactively responding to the needs of the foregoing CIE environments is to build a suite of product solutions that are optimized for the operator’s existing infrastructure, as well as future strategy. Operators look for the following features when selecting technology:

A key component of the Company’s growth strategy is to leverage its reputation across a broad product line, offering one-stop-shop convenience to the cable, broadcast and professional markets and delivering products having a high performance-to-cost ratio. The Company has historically enjoyed, and continues to enjoy, a leading position in many of the CIE market segments that it serves.

Markets Overview

The television industry has been dominated by traditional cable operators, who subsequently expanded into high-speed internet and telephony services. The penetration of wireless and direct-broadcast satellite (“DBS”) (such as DIRECTV^® and DISH Network^®) in the video market, continues to grow, with a combined subscriber count of almost 48.6 million. Telephone companies (i.e. Verizon and AT&T) also compete with cable operators for services on a national level, delivering video, high-speed internet and telephony services direct to the home or to the curb with an estimate of over 26.6 million subscribers.

With IPTV technology comes additional market pressures and opportunities. First, there is the matter of alternative TV services riding “Over the Top” of existing infrastructures (“OTT television”), where the delivered video is not part of the service provider’s own video service. Examples include Web-delivered video such as Netflix, Hulu and Apple TV. Cable, satellite and telco service providers will need to innovate to provide additional service offerings to compete with lower cost OTT television providers (subscribers exceeding 246.7 million). In addition, content providers such as HBO, SHOWTIME and CBS have deployed their own streaming services, without requiring a cable TV subscription. Streaming service subscribers are now larger than cable TV subscribers. With the advent of “TV Everywhere”, where video is displayed not only on the traditional television, but also on personal computers and mobile devices, cable operators are trying to tackle not only technological challenges associated with these offerings, but also content management and customer authentication. The idea that the consumer is at the center, and not the hardware or the network, is revolutionizing how video (and media) content is delivered.

The long term implications of these developments are increased competition for the provision of services and a trend toward delivery of these services using IP technology. This continuing major market transition has resulted in increased consumer expectations, placing the lodging and institutional markets under pressure to install new infrastructure and upgrade existing networks. It is not known how long this transition will take, but to remain competitive the Company must continue to increase its product offerings for digital television, encoding and decoding, and digital media applications.

Cable Television

Most cable operators, large and small, have built networks with various combinations of fiber optic and coax cable to deliver television, internet and telephone services on one drop cable. Cable television deployment of fiber optic trunk has been completed in nearly all existing systems. The HFC network architecture is employed to provide digital video, VOD, HDTV, IPTV, high speed internet, and digital telephone service. With the adoption of new technology developed by CableLabs®, the cable industry is using “edge” devices, node splitting and digital video switching to increase both services and subscriber capacity from each node, to accommodate IPTV offerings in both residential and CIE market deployments. All of these networks are potential users of our product offerings.

Lodging

Historically, in response to lodging property owners seeking additional revenue streams and guests demanding increased in-room technology services, cable operators serving the lodging market sought to provide more channels (especially in HD), VOD, and enhanced interactivity. Initially installed mostly in large hotels, smaller hotels and motels continue to be upgraded and outfitted with enhanced technology to provide a full suite of HD channels and VOD.

More recently, the competition among cable providers to the hospitality industry has shifted from emphasis on VOD, to providing an ever-increasing number of HD programs free to each guest room and the capability of offering OTT television. The Company believes that the demand for HD based headends that support free-to-guest service and OTT television, will continue to grow for several years. The rate of growth is limited by the costs associated with replacing all televisions in a hotel with flat screen Pro:Idiom compatible televisions, the infrastructure required to support OTT television, authentication and system management issues.

CIE-Commercial, Institutional, and/or Enterprise

The Company defines its target CIE markets to include educational campus environments, correctional facilities, short and long term health service environments, sports stadiums and airport terminals. All of these seemingly unrelated facilities contain private networks that are dependent on either locally generated or externally sourced video and/or data content. As the advanced technologies of distance learning, HDTV and IPTV permeate the market, institutional facilities are embracing these technologies to achieve site specific goals. The following are examples of the types of applications:

The Company traditionally benefited from a very strong share of this market with its Analog Video Headend and Distribution Products. We anticipate that we will continue to be a leader in this market with our digital video solutions and our evolving IPTV platforms.

International

The Company has authorized distributors and sales agents in various locations outside the United States, but the Company primarily manufactures products for sale in the USA and North America. Historically, international sales have not materially contributed to the Company’s revenue base.

Additional Considerations

The evolution of technology with respect to video, internet and telephone services continues at a rapid pace. Cable TV’s QAM video is competing with DIRECTV® and EchoStar’s DBS service and cable modems compete with digital subscriber lines and fiber-to-the-home offered by regional telephone companies. Telephone companies are building national fiber optic networks and are delivering video, internet and telephone services directly to the home over fiber optic cable, and digital telephone is being offered by cable companies and others in competition with traditional phone companies. The convergence of data and video communications continues, wherein computer and television systems merge. This merging of technologies is extending services and content delivery to mobile smart phone devices and tablet computers with over-the-air data delivery competing with cable- delivered services.

Larger MSOs have transitioned or are in the process of transitioning to all-digital platforms (and in some instances MPEG-4/H.264). Satellite DBS television, digitally compressed programming and IP delivery require headend products, set-top decoding receivers, or digital terminal adapters, to convert the transmitted signals back to analog so that they may be viewed on analog television sets. The split of analog and digital offerings provided to customers varies as a function of the size of the operator and their deployment strategy. For example, the majority of private cable and other smaller service providers continue to deliver an analog television signal on standard channels to subscribers’ television sets using headend products at some distribution point in their networks or employ set-top boxes or digital terminal adapters at each television set.

Key Products

Blonder Tongue’s products can be separated according to function and technology. Four key categories account for the majority of the Company’s revenue – Digital Video Headend, Analog Video Headend, HFC Distribution and Data:

●           Digital Video Headend Products (including Encoders) are used by a system operator for acquisition, processing, compression, encoding and management of digital video. The headend is the center of a digital television system. It is the central location where multiple programs are received and, through additional processing, allocated to specific channels for digital distribution. Blonder Tongue continues to expand its Digital Product offerings to meet the evolving needs of its customers, which is expected to continue for years to come. We offer a broad line of HD and SD, MPEG-2 and MPEG-4/H.264 encoders optimized for the CIE environment. One example is a line of enhanced encoders optimized for the extreme demands of broadcasting live sports, another is a cost effective MPEG-2/H.264 encoder for IP support of PEG channels. The Company’s STEP and custom hotel guide products were developed to provide solutions for certain additional needs of the Company’s customers and customer prospects, that the Company believes were not being met in a cost effective manner by the Company’s competitors. IP interfaces have been added to a wide range of products to help in the migration to IPTV. One such example is the AQT8, a multichannel 8VSB/QAM-IP transcoder that receives off-air broadcast signals and transcodes them for coax and IP distribution. Other lines of digital products provided by Blonder Tongue and Drake include EdgeQAM devices and Satellite Quadrature Phase Shift Key (“QPSK”) to QAM transcoders.

Encoders accept various input sources (analog and/or digital) and output digitally encoded HD or SD video in various output formats such as Asynchronous Serial Interface (“ASI”), IP and QAM. ASI is a streaming data format which carries the MPEG-2 Transport Stream. The IP output format allows operators to stream video over private data networks with greater reliability and content security. The QAM outputs can be used for digital video distribution over typical private coax networks in a variety of CIE environments (i.e. sports arenas, broadcast and cable television studios, airports, hospitals, university campuses, etc.). As a complement to the encoder line, Blonder Tongue also provides digital QAM multiplexers which take multiple inputs (ASI or 8VSB/QAM) and deliver a single multiplexed QAM output, thereby optimizing the HD channel lineup by preserving bandwidth. The Company’s QAM output MPEG-2 encoders have a low latency feature and superior motion optimization for fast-paced sporting events, which is ideal for live sporting events within a stadium or arena.

ATSC/QAM-IP Transcoder series of products (“AQT8”) allow the user to create a customized line up from off-air and/or cable feeds for coax IP distribution. The customizable IP output contains multiple programs with a combination of single and multiple transport streams, from multiple RF input sources. The unique MPEG-2 tables associated with each of the selected input programs are transferred to the IP outputs. This means the virtual channel numbers and program names on the IP outputs can be the same as their RF program input sources. The Company’s AQT8 products enable the user to modify the metadata, including PSIP parameters, such as the Program ID, Program #, Short Name, Major Ch., and Minor Ch. Information, to provide a customized IP program delivery solution. The AQT8-IP features Emergency Alert System (“EAS”) program switching through either an ASI or IP format EAS input and terminal block contacts for triggering.

EdgeQAM devices accept Ethernet input and capture MPEG over IP transport streams, decrypt service provider conditional access or content protection, and insert proprietary conditional access, such as Pro:Idiom, into the stream. These streams are then combined and modulated on to QAM RF carriers, in most cases providing multiple streams on to one 6MHz digital channel. Inputs to EdgeQAM devices can come from satellite receivers, set-top boxes, network devices or video servers. The use of these devices adds flexibility for the service provider, in part, because all of this routing happens in one device. Scaling is accomplished via software and modules embedded inside the hardware. Since it is a true network device, the EdgeQAM can be managed over a traditional Ethernet network or over the Internet.

The QPSK to QAM transcoders (QTM Series) are used for economically deploying or adding a satellite-based tier of digital or HDTV digital programming. The unit transcodes a satellite signal’s modulation from QPSK to QAM or from 8PSK (HDTV Format) to QAM. Since QPSK and 8PSK are optimum for satellite transmission and QAM is optimum for fiber/coax distribution, precious system bandwidth is saved while the signal retains its digital information. Building upon the innovative design work that brought about the QTM transcoders, QAM up-converters and HDTV processors, the Company launched a series of ATSC/QAM demodulators.

Digital Video Headend Product use continues to expand in all of the Company’s primary markets, bringing more advanced technology to consumers and operators. It is expected that this area will continue to be a major component of the Company’s business. The Company’s Digital Video Headend Products accounted for approximately 41% and 52% of the Company’s revenues in 2017 and 2016, respectively.

●           Analog Video Headend Products are used by a system operator for signal acquisition, processing and manipulation to create an analog channel lineup for further transmission. Among the products offered by the Company in this category are pre-fabricated headends to accommodate legacy analog TV systems, modulators, demodulators, and processors. The Company’s Analog Video Headend Products accounted for approximately 8% and 10% of the Company’s revenues in 2017 and 2016, respectively.

●           HFC Distribution Products are used to transport signals from the headend to their ultimate destination in a home, apartment unit, hotel room, office or other terminal location along a fiber optic, coax or HFC distribution network. Among the products offered by the Company in this category are broadband amplifiers, directional taps, splitters and wall outlets for coax distribution and fiber optic transmitters, receivers (nodes), and couplers. In cable television systems, the HFC distribution products are either mounted on exterior utility poles or encased in pedestals, vaults or other security devices. In CIE systems the distribution system is typically enclosed within the walls of the building (if a single structure) or added to an existing structure using various techniques to hide the coax cable and devices. The non-passive devices within this category are designed to ensure that the signal distributed from the headend is of sufficient strength when it arrives at its final destination to provide high quality audio/video images. The Company’s HFC Distribution Products accounted for approximately 14% and 16% of the Company’s revenues in 2017 and 2016, respectively.

●           Data Products give service providers, integrators, and premise owners a means to deliver data, video, and voice-over-coaxial in locations such as hospitality, MDU's, and college campuses using IP technology. Among the products offered by the Company are CMTS (Cable Modem Termination System) and modem cards. The Company’s Data Products accounted for approximately 30% and 12% of the Company’s revenues in 2017 and 2016, respectively.

●           Other Products. There are a variety of other products that the Company sells to a lesser degree, either to fill a customer need or where sales have reduced due to changes in Company direction, technology, or market influences. Sales of products in these categories contributed less significantly to the Company’s revenues in 2017 and 2016 and are expected to remain this way for 2018. These products include:

Test instruments, for measuring both digital and analog CATV and Broadcast TV signals, as well as capture, analyze and/ or generate MPEG ASI transport streams.

Contract Manufacturing Services, providing manufacturing, research and development and product support services for other companies’ products.

Reception products for receiving off-air broadcast television and satellite transmissions prior to headend processing.

Technical Services, including hands-on training, system design engineering, on-site field support and complete system verification testing.

Miscellaneous products and services, filling customers’ needs for satellite distribution, repair, and parts.

The Company will modify its products to meet specific customer requirements. Typically, these modifications are minor and do not materially alter either the product functionality or the ability to sell such altered products to other customers.

Research and Product Development

The markets served by Blonder Tongue are characterized by technological change, new product introductions, and evolving industry standards. To compete effectively in this environment, the Company must engage in ongoing research and development in order to (i) create new products, (ii) expand features of existing products to accommodate customer demand for greater capability, (iii) license new technologies, and (iv) acquire products incorporating technology that could not otherwise be developed quickly enough using internal resources. Research and development projects are often initially undertaken at the request of and in an effort to address the particular needs of the Company’s customers and customer prospects, with the expectation or promise of substantial future orders. Projects may also result from new technologies that become available, or new market applications of existing technology. In the new product development process, the vast experience of the Company’s Engineering Group is leveraged to ensure the highest level of suitability and widest acceptance in the marketplace. Products tend to be developed in a functional building block approach that allows for different combinations of blocks to generate new relevant products. Additional research and development efforts are also continuously underway for the purpose of enhancing product quality and lowering production costs. For the acquisition of new technologies, the Company may rely upon technology licenses from third parties. The Company will also license technology if it can obtain technology more quickly, or more cost-effectively from third parties than it could otherwise develop on its own, or if the desired technology is proprietary to a third party. There were 18 employees in the research and development department of the Company at December 31, 2017, including five employees located at the Company’s facility in Springboro, Ohio and four employees located at the Company’s facility in Ft. Wayne, Indiana. The Company’s research and development expenses were $2,452,000 and $2,741,000 for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively.

Marketing and Sales

Blonder Tongue markets and sells its products for use in a wide range of traditional and CIE markets, including traditional cable television, MDU, lodging/hospitality, and institutional (schools, hospitals and prisons). The Company also sells into a multitude of niche CIE markets such as sports arenas and the cruise ship industry. Sales are made directly to customers by the Company’s internal sales force, as well as through Premier Authorized Stocking Distributors. The Company instituted its Premier Distributor Program in 2007, through which a limited group of larger distributors who stock a significant amount of the Company’s products in their inventory (Premier Authorized Stocking Distributors) are given access to a special purchase incentive program allowing them to achieve volume price concessions measured on a year-to-year basis. Sales to Premier Authorized Stocking Distributors accounted for approximately 30% and 36% of the Company’s revenues for 2017 and 2016, respectively. These Premier Authorized Stocking Distributors serve multiple markets. Direct sales to cable operators and system integrators accounted for approximately 10% and 14% of the Company’s revenues for 2017 and 2016, respectively.

The Company’s sales and marketing function is performed predominantly by its internal sales force. Should it be deemed necessary, the Company may retain independent sales representatives in particular geographic areas or targeted to specific customer prospects or target market opportunities. The Company’s internal sales force consists of 13 employees, including three salespersons in Old Bridge, NJ, one salesperson in Round Rock, TX, one salesperson in Seminole, FL, one salesperson in Springboro, OH, one salesperson in Peterborough, Ontario, Canada, one sales-support person in Springboro, OH, one sales-support person in Cape Coral, FL and four sales-support personnel at the Company’s headquarters in Old Bridge, New Jersey.

The Company’s standard customer payment terms are net 30 days. From time to time, when circumstances warrant, such as a commitment to a large blanket purchase order, the Company will extend payment terms beyond its standard payment terms.

The Company has several marketing programs to support the sale and distribution of its products. Blonder Tongue participates in industry trade shows and conferences and also maintains a robust website. The Company publishes technical articles in trade and technical journals, distributes sales and product literature and has an active public relations plan to ensure complete coverage of Blonder Tongue’s products and technology by editors of trade journals. The Company provides system design engineering for its customers, maintains extensive ongoing communications with many original equipment manufacturer customers and provides one-on-one demonstrations and technical seminars to potential new customers. Blonder Tongue supplies sales and applications support, product literature and training to its sales representatives and distributors. The management of the Company travels extensively, identifying customer needs and meeting potential customers.

Customers

Blonder Tongue has a diverse customer base, which in 2017 consisted of approximately 196 active accounts. Approximately 63% and 53% of the Company’s revenues in 2017 and 2016, respectively, were derived from sales of products to the Company’s five largest customers. World Cinema, Inc. and Toner Cable Equipment, Inc. accounted for approximately 34% and 13%, respectively, of the Company’s revenues in 2017 and approximately 17% and 15%, respectively, of the Company’s revenues in 2016. None of these customers are obligated to purchase any specified amount of products or to provide the Company with binding forecasts of product purchases for any future period. Accordingly, there can be no assurance that sales to these entities, individually or as a group, will reach or exceed historical levels in any future period; however, the Company currently anticipates that Toner Cable Equipment, Inc. and World Cinema, Inc. will continue to account for a significant portion of the Company’s revenues in future periods. See disclosure below in “Risk Factors – Any substantial decrease in sales to our largest customers may adversely affect our results of operations or financial condition” for further details.

Since 2010, the Company has held multi-year contracts with key distributors in its Premier Distributor Program. This program, which began in 2007, has been quite successful for the Company. Many of the Company’s smaller business customers, with whom the Company had formerly dealt on a direct basis, now purchase the Company’s products from these Premier Authorized Stocking Distributors.

In the Company’s direct sales to system integrators, the complement of leading customers tends to vary over time as the most efficient and better financed integrators grow more rapidly than others. Any substantial decrease or delay in sales to one or more of the Company’s leading customers, the financial failure of any of these entities, or the Company’s inability to develop and maintain solid relationships with the integrators that may replace the present leading customers, would have a material adverse effect on the Company’s results of operations and financial condition.

The Company’s revenues are derived primarily from customers in the continental United States; however, the Company also derives some revenues from customers in other geographical markets, primarily Canada and to a much more limited extent, in developing countries. Sales to customers outside of the United States represented approximately 7% and 3% of the Company’s revenues in 2017 and 2016, respectively. All of the Company’s transactions with customers located outside of the United States have historically been denominated in U.S. dollars. As such, the Company has had no material foreign currency transactions from which it derives revenues. However, the Company derived certain relatively limited sales from customers located in Canada during 2017 and 2016 denominated in Canadian Dollars. Transactions denominated in foreign currencies have certain inherent risks associated with them due to currency fluctuations. See “Risk Factors” below for more detail on the risks associated with foreign currency transactions.

Manufacturing and Suppliers

Blonder Tongue’s primary manufacturing operations are presently located at the Old Bridge Facility, which also serves as the Company’s headquarters. The Company has developed, implemented and maintains a Quality Management System, that has been certified as conforming to all requirements of the ISO 9001:2015 international standard. The Company’s manufacturing operations are vertically integrated and consist principally of the programming, assembly, and testing of electronic assemblies built from fabricated parts, printed circuit boards and electronic devices and the fabrication from raw sheet metal, of chassis and cabinets for such assemblies. Management continues to implement improvements to the manufacturing process to increase production volume and reduce product cost, including logistics modifications on the factory floor to accommodate increasingly fine pitch surface mount electronic components. The Company is capable of manufacturing assemblies of 16 layer printed circuit boards with thousands of components, including placement of 0.030x0.030mil ball grid arrays and 0201 packaged sized components, utilizing its advanced state-of-the-art automatic placement equipment as well as automated optical inspection and testing systems. Investments by the Company in these advanced manufacturing technologies is consistent with and part of the Company’s strategy to provide its customers with high performance-to-cost ratio products. The Company also maintains a small sales and engineering facility in Springboro, Ohio and maintains a small engineering facility in Ft. Wayne, Indiana.

Since 2007, the Company has been manufacturing certain high volume, labor intensive products, including many of the Company’s analog products, in the PRC. A key contract manufacturer in the PRC produces such products (all of which are proprietary Blonder Tongue designs) as may be requested by the Company from time to time (in the Company’s discretion) through the submission of purchase orders, the terms of which are governed by a manufacturing agreement. Although the Company does not currently anticipate the transfer of any additional products to the PRC for manufacture, the Company may do so if business and market conditions make it advantageous to do so. In connection with the Company’s initiatives in the PRC, the Company may have foreign currency transactions and may be subject to various currency exchange control programs related to its PRC operations. See “Risk Factors” below for more detail on the risk of foreign operations.

Outside contractors supply standard components, printed circuit boards and electronic subassemblies to the Company’s specifications. While the Company generally purchases electronic parts that do not have a unique source, certain electronic component parts used within the Company’s products are available from a limited number of suppliers and may be subject to temporary shortages because of general economic conditions and the demand and supply for such component parts. If the Company were to experience a temporary shortage of any given electronic part, the Company believes that alternative parts could be obtained or system design changes implemented. In such situations, however, the Company may experience temporary reductions in its ability to ship products affected by the component shortage. On an as-needed basis, the Company purchases several products from sole suppliers for which alternative sources are not available. An inability to timely obtain sufficient quantities of certain of these components could have a material adverse effect on the Company’s operating results. The Company does not have an agreement with any sole source supplier requiring the supplier to sell a specified volume of components to the Company. See “Risk Factors” below for more detail on the risk associated with sole supplier products.

Blonder Tongue maintains a quality assurance program which monitors and controls manufacturing processes, and extensively tests samples throughout the process. Samples of component parts purchased are tested, as well as its finished products, on an ongoing basis. The Company also tests component and sub-assemblies throughout the manufacturing process using commercially available and in-house built testing systems that incorporate proprietary procedures. The highest level of quality assurance is maintained throughout all aspects of the design and manufacturing process. The extensive in-house calibration program assures test equipment integrity, correlation and calibration. This program ensures that all test and measurement equipment that is used in the manufacturing process is calibrated to the same in-house reference standard on a consistent basis. When all test and measurement devices are calibrated in this manner, discrepancies are eliminated between the engineering, manufacturing and quality control departments, thus increasing operational efficiency and ensuring a high level of product quality. Blonder Tongue performs final product tests prior to shipment to customers. In 2008, the Company was certified to perform Underwriters Laboratories (UL) witness testing of products to UL International Standard 60950.

Competition

All aspects of the Company’s business are highly competitive. The Company competes with national, regional and local manufacturers and distributors, including companies larger than Blonder Tongue that have substantially greater resources. Various manufacturers who are suppliers to the Company sell directly as well as through distributors into the franchise and private cable marketplaces. Because of the convergence of the cable, telecommunications and computer industries and rapid technological developments, new competitors may seek to enter the principal markets served by the Company. Many of these potential competitors have significantly greater financial, technical, manufacturing, marketing, sales and other resources than Blonder Tongue. The Company expects that direct and indirect competition will increase in the future. Additional competition could result in price reductions, loss of market share and delays in the timing of customer orders. The principal methods of competition are product differentiation, performance, quality, price, terms, service, technical support and administrative support. The Company believes it is a leader in many of the markets that it serves and differentiates itself from competitors by consistently offering innovative products, providing excellent technical service support and delivering high performance-to-cost ratio products.

Intellectual Property

The Company currently holds several United States and foreign patents, none of which are considered material to the Company’s present operations, since they do not relate to high volume applications. Because of the rapidly evolving nature of the cable television industry, the Company believes that its market position as a supplier to cable integrators derives primarily from its ability to timely develop a consistent stream of new products that are designed to meet its customers’ needs and that have a high performance-to-cost ratio.

The Company owns a United States trademark registration for the word mark “Blonder Tongue®” and also on a “BT®” logo. Drake owns a United States trademark registration for the word mark “DRAKE®”.

Since 2008, the Company has obtained and renewed licenses for a variety of technologies in concert with its digital encoder line of products. The licenses are from a number of companies including DTLA (expires April 30, 2018), and LG Electronics (expires December 2018). These standard licenses are all non-exclusive and require payment of royalties based upon the unit sales of the licensed products. With regard to the licenses expiring in 2018, the Company expects to renew these standard licenses on similar terms to those presently in force. For additional information regarding these licenses, see “Introduction – Overview” starting on page 3.

The Company relies on a combination of contractual rights and trade secret laws to protect its proprietary technologies and know-how. There can be no assurance that the Company will be able to protect its technologies and know-how or that third parties will not be able to develop similar technologies and know-how independently. Therefore, existing and potential competitors may be able to develop products that are competitive with the Company’s products and such competition could adversely affect the prices for the Company’s products or the Company’s market share. The Company also believes that factors such as the technological and creative skills of its personnel, new product developments, frequent product enhancements, name recognition and reliable product maintenance are essential to establishing and maintaining its competitive position. The industries in which the Company competes are subject to constant development of new technologies and evolution of existing technologies, many of which are the subject of existing third party patents and new patents are issued frequently.

Regulation

Private cable, while in some cases subject to certain Federal Communications Commission (“FCC”) licensing requirements, is not presently burdened with extensive government regulations. The Telecommunications Act of 1996 deregulated many aspects of franchise cable system operation and opened the door to competition among cable operators and telephone companies in each of their respective industries.

Environmental Regulations

The Company is subject to a variety of Federal, state and local governmental regulations related to the storage, use, discharge and disposal of toxic, volatile or otherwise hazardous chemicals used in its manufacturing processes. The Company did not incur in 2017 and does not anticipate incurring in 2018, material capital expenditures for compliance with Federal, state and local environmental laws and regulations. There can be no assurance, however, that changes in environmental regulations will not result in the need for additional capital expenditures or otherwise impose additional financial burdens on the Company. Further, such regulations could restrict the Company’s ability to expand its operations. Any failure by the Company to obtain required permits for, control the use of, or adequately restrict the discharge of, hazardous substances under present or future regulations could subject the Company to substantial liability or could cause its manufacturing operations to be suspended.

The Company has authorization to discharge wastewater under the New Jersey Pollution Discharge Elimination System/Discharge to Surface Waters General Industrial Stormwater Permit, Permit No. NJ0088315. This permit will expire May 31, 2018. The Company intends to renew this permit.

Employees

As of February 28, 2018, the Company employed approximately 117 people, including 71 in manufacturing, 18 in research and development, 4 in quality assurance, 13 in sales and marketing, and 11 in a general and administrative capacity. Substantially all of these employees are full time employees. Thirty-four of the Company’s employees are members of the International Brotherhood of Electrical Workers Union, Local 2066, which has a labor agreement with the Company that is scheduled to expire in February 2019.

The Company’s business operates in a rapidly changing environment that involves numerous risks, some of which are beyond the Company’s control. The following “Risk Factors” highlight some of these risks. Additional risks not currently known to the Company or that the Company now deems immaterial may also affect the Company and the value of its Common Stock. The risks described below, together with all of the other information included in this report, should be carefully considered in evaluating our business and prospects. The occurrence of any of the following risks could harm the Company’s business, financial condition or results of operations.

Any substantial decrease in sales to our largest customers may adversely affect our results of operations or financial condition.

Approximately 63% and 53% of our revenues in 2017 and 2016, respectively, were derived from sales of products to the Company’s five largest customers. None of these customers are obligated to purchase any specified amount of products or to provide the Company with binding forecasts of product purchases for any future period. Accordingly, there can be no assurance that sales to these entities, individually or as a group, will reach or exceed historical levels in any future period.

With respect to our direct sales to system integrators, the complement of leading customers tends to vary over time as the most efficient and better-financed integrators grow more rapidly than others. Our success with those customers will depend in part on:

In addition, five and three of our customers, respectively accounted for approximately 74% and 41% of our outstanding trade accounts receivable at December 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively. Any substantial decrease or delay in sales to one or more of our leading customers, the financial failure of any of these entities, their inability to pay their trade accounts owing to us, or our inability to develop solid relationships with integrators that may replace the present leading customers, could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations and financial condition.

An inability to reduce expenses or increase revenues may cause continued net losses.

We have had losses each year since 2010, including a net loss of $402,000 for the year ended December 31, 2017. While management believes its ongoing efforts to reduce expenses and increase revenues will improve profitability, there can be no assurance that these actions will be successful. Failure to reduce expenses or increase revenues could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations and financial condition.

Inventory reserves for excess or obsolete inventories may adversely affect our results of operations and financial condition.

We continually analyze our excess or obsolete inventories. Based on historical and projected sales volumes and anticipated selling prices, we establish reserves. If we do not meet our sales expectations, these reserves are increased. Products that are determined to be obsolete are written down to net realizable value. Although we believe reserves are adequate and inventories are reflected at net realizable value, there can be no assurance that we will not have to record additional inventory reserves in the future. Significant increases to inventory reserves could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations and financial condition.

An inability to develop, or acquire the rights to technology, products or applications in response to changes in industry standards or customer needs may reduce our sales and profitability.

Both the private cable and franchised cable industries are characterized by the continuing advancement of technology, evolving industry standards and changing customer needs. To be successful, we must anticipate the evolution of industry standards and changes in customer needs, through the timely development and introduction of new products, enhancement of existing products and licensing of new technology from third parties. This is particularly true at this time as the Company must develop and market new digital products to offset the continuing decline in demand for, and therefore sales of, analog products. Although we depend primarily on our own research and development efforts to develop new products and enhancements to our existing products, we have and may continue to seek licenses for new technology from third parties when we believe that we can obtain such technology more quickly and/or cost-effectively from such third parties than we could otherwise develop on our own, or when the desired technology has already been patented by a third party. There can, however, be no assurance that new technology or such licenses will be available on terms acceptable to us. There can be no assurance that:

If we are unable for technological or other reasons to develop and introduce products and applications or to obtain licenses for new technologies from third parties in a timely manner in response to changing market conditions or customer requirements, our results of operations and financial condition could be materially adversely affected.

Anticipated increases in direct and indirect competition with us may have an adverse effect on our results of operations and financial condition.

All aspects of our business are highly competitive. We compete with national, regional and local manufacturers and distributors, including companies larger than us, which have substantially greater resources. Various manufacturers who are suppliers to us sell directly as well as through distributors into the cable television marketplace. Because of the convergence of the cable, telecommunications and computer industries and rapid technological development, new competitors may seek to enter the principal markets served by us. Many of these potential competitors have significantly greater financial, technical, manufacturing, marketing, sales and other resources than we have. We expect that direct and indirect competition will increase in the future. Additional competition could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations and financial condition through:

Our sales and profitability may suffer due to any substantial decrease or delay in capital spending by the cable infrastructure operators that we serve in the MDU, lodging and institutional cable markets.

The vast majority of our revenues in 2017 and 2016 came from sales of our products for use by cable infrastructure operators. Demand for our products depends to a large extent upon capital spending on private cable systems and specifically by private cable operators for constructing, rebuilding, maintaining or upgrading their systems. Capital spending by private cable operators and, therefore, our sales and profitability, are dependent on a variety of factors, including:

In addition, our sales and profitability may in the future be more dependent on capital spending by traditional franchise cable system operators as well as by new entrants to this market planning to over-build existing cable system infrastructures, or constructing, rebuilding, maintaining and upgrading their systems. There can be no assurance that system operators in private cable or franchise cable will continue capital spending for constructing, rebuilding, maintaining, or upgrading their systems. Any substantial decrease or delay in capital spending by private cable or franchise cable operators would have a material adverse effect on our results of operations and financial condition.

Adverse changes in economic conditions could adversely affect our business, results of operations and financial condition.

Our business and earnings are affected by general business, economic and financial markets conditions in the United States and elsewhere. We continue to operate in a challenging and uncertain economic environment, and any return to recessionary conditions or prolonged stagnant or deteriorating economic conditions could significantly affect the markets in which we do business, the demand for our products, the ability of our customers to make payments to us in a timely fashion or at all, our ability and the ability of our customers to obtain adequate financing to maintain operations and other potential events that could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. Moreover, our stock price could remain depressed or decrease if investors have concerns that our business, financial condition or results of operations will be negatively impacted by a worldwide economic downturn. Other uncertainties, including the potential effect of the recently-announced plans for the United States to impose tariffs on imported steel and aluminum, which are important materials for the production of many of our products, could also have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

The terms of our credit facility with Sterling Bank may restrict our current and future operating and financial flexibility and could adversely affect our financial and operational results.

On December 28, 2016, the Company, entered into a new credit facility with Sterling National Bank (“Sterling”). The Loan and Security Agreement between the Company and Sterling (the “Sterling Agreement”) includes a number of covenants that, among other things, may restrict our ability to:

These restrictions in the Sterling Agreement may limit our ability to engage in certain transactions that could be beneficial to us and our stockholders. In addition, the Sterling Agreement also requires us to meet certain financial covenants. A failure by us to comply with the financial or other covenants under the Sterling Agreement could result in an event of default. In the event of a default, Sterling could elect to declare all borrowings, accrued and unpaid interest and other fees outstanding, due and payable, and require us to apply all of our available cash to repay these borrowings, which would likely have a material adverse on our results of operations and financial condition.

Any significant casualty to our facility in Old Bridge, New Jersey may cause a lengthy interruption to our business operations.

We primarily operate out of one manufacturing facility in Old Bridge, New Jersey (the “Old Bridge Facility”). While we maintain a limited amount of business interruption insurance, a casualty that results in a lengthy interruption of our ability to manufacture at, or otherwise use, the Old Bridge Facility could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations and financial condition.

Our dependence on certain third party suppliers could create an inability for us to obtain component products not otherwise available or to do so only at increased prices.

We purchase several products from sole suppliers for which alternative sources are not available. Our results of operations and financial condition could be materially adversely affected by:

Our contract manufacturing in the PRC may subject us to the risks of unfavorable political, regulatory, legal and labor conditions in the PRC.

We manufacture and assemble some of our products in the PRC, under a contract manufacturing arrangement with a certain key Chinese manufacturer. Our future operations and earnings may be adversely affected by the risks related to, or any other problems arising from, having our products manufactured in the PRC, including the following risks:

Although the PRC has a large economy, its potential economic, political, legal and labor developments entail uncertainties and risks. In the event of any changes that adversely affect our ability to manufacture in the PRC after products have been successfully transitioned out of the United States, our business could suffer.

Shifting our operations between regions may entail considerable expense.

Over time we may shift additional portions of our manufacturing operations to the PRC in order to maximize manufacturing and operational efficiency. This could result in reducing our domestic operations in the future, which in turn could entail significant one-time earnings charges to account for severance, equipment write-offs or write downs and moving expenses.

Our earnings would be reduced if our goodwill or intangible assets recorded as part of the Drake Acquisition were to become impaired.

We recorded goodwill and identifiable intangible assets as part of the Drake Acquisition in February 2012. Goodwill is generated when the cost of an acquisition exceeds the fair value of the net tangible and identifiable intangible assets acquired. We also have certain intangible assets with indefinite lives. We assess the impairment of goodwill and indefinite lived intangible assets annually or more often if events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value may not be recoverable. We assess the impairment of acquired product rights and other finite lived intangible assets whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that their carrying amount may not be recoverable. If our goodwill or intangible assets recorded in connection with the Drake Acquisition were determined to be impaired, then we would be required to recognize a charge against our earnings, which could materially and adversely affect our results of operations during the period in which the impairment was recognized. Any potential charges for impairment related to goodwill or intangible assets would not impact cash flow, tangible capital or liquidity.

We may face risks relating to currency fluctuations and currency exchange.

Historically the Company has had limited exposure to currency fluctuations since transactions with customers located outside the United States have generally been denominated in U.S. Dollars. The Company incurs certain expenses which are denominated in Canadian Dollars in connection with its sales and product distribution in Canada. In addition, the Company incurs certain expenses denominated in Renminbi (“RMB”) in connection with its contract manufacturing activities in the PRC. The Company's functional currency is the U.S. Dollar. Accordingly, any expense denominated in Canadian Dollars or RMB needs to be translated into U.S. Dollars at the applicable currency exchange rate for inclusion in our consolidated financial statements. Exchange rates between the Canadian Dollar and the U.S. Dollar and the RMB and U.S. Dollar in recent years have fluctuated significantly and may do so in the future. We do not engage in currency hedging activities to limit the risks of currency fluctuations. Currency fluctuations could adversely impact our results of operations, cash flows and financial position.

Competitors may develop products that are similar to, and compete with, our products due to our limited proprietary protection.

We possess limited patent or registered intellectual property rights with respect to our technology. We rely on a combination of contractual rights and trade secret laws to protect our proprietary technology and know-how. There can be no assurance that we will be able to protect our technology and know-how or that third parties will not be able to develop similar technology independently. Therefore, existing and potential competitors may be able to develop similar products which compete with our products. Such competition could adversely affect the prices for our products or our market share and could have a material adverse effect upon our results of operations and financial condition.

Patent infringement claims against us or our customers, whether or not successful, may cause us to incur significant costs.

While we do not believe that our products (including products and technologies licensed from others) infringe valid intellectual property rights of any third parties, there can be no assurance that infringement or invalidity claims (or claims for indemnification resulting from infringement claims) will not be asserted against us or our customers. Damages for infringement of valid intellectual property rights of third parties could be substantial, and if determined to be willful, can be trebled. Such an outcome could have a material adverse effect on the Company’s financial condition and results of operation. Regardless of the validity or the successful assertion of any such claims, we could incur significant costs and diversion of resources with respect to the defense thereof which could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations. If we are unsuccessful in defending any claims or actions that are asserted against us or our customers, we could seek to obtain a license under a third party’s intellectual property rights. There can be no assurance, however, that under such circumstances, a license would be available under reasonable terms or at all. The failure to obtain a license to a third party’s intellectual property rights on commercially reasonable terms could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations and financial condition.

Any increase in governmental regulation of the markets that we serve, including the cable television system, MDU, lodging and institutional markets, may have an adverse effect on our results of operations and financial condition.

The cable television, MDU, lodging and institutional markets within the cable industry, which represents the vast majority of our business, while in some cases subject to certain FCC licensing requirements, is not presently burdened with extensive government regulations. It is possible, however, that regulations could be adopted in the future which impose burdensome restrictions on these markets resulting in, among other things, barriers to the entry of new competitors or limitations on capital expenditures. Any such regulations, if adopted, could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations and financial condition.

Private cable system operation is not presently burdened with significant government regulation, other than, in some cases, certain FCC licensing and signal leakage requirements. The Telecommunications Act of 1996 deregulated many aspects of franchise cable system operation and opened the door to competition among cable operators and telephone companies in each of their respective industries. It is possible, however, that regulations could be adopted which would re-impose burdensome restrictions on franchise cable operators resulting in, among other things, the grant of exclusive rights or franchises within certain geographical areas. Any increased regulation of franchise cable could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations and financial condition.

Any increase in governmental environmental regulations or our inability or failure to comply with existing environmental regulations may cause an adverse effect on our results of operations or financial condition.

We are subject to a variety of federal, state and local governmental regulations related to the storage, use, discharge and disposal of toxic, volatile or otherwise hazardous chemicals used in our manufacturing processes. We do not anticipate material capital expenditures during 2018 for compliance with federal, state and local environmental laws and regulations. There can be no assurance, however, that changes in environmental regulations will not result in the need for additional capital expenditures or otherwise impose additional financial burdens on us. Further, such regulations could restrict our ability to expand our operations. Any failure by us to obtain required permits for, control the use of, or adequately restrict the discharge of, hazardous substances under present or future regulations could subject us to substantial liability or could cause our manufacturing operations to be suspended. Such liability or suspension of manufacturing operations could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations and financial condition.

Losing the services of our executive officers or our other highly qualified and experienced employees, or our inability to continue to attract and retain highly qualified and experienced employees, could adversely affect our business.

Our future success depends in large part on the continued service of our key executives and technical and management personnel. Our future success also depends on our ability to continue to attract and retain highly skilled engineering, manufacturing, marketing and managerial personnel. The competition for such personnel is intense, and the loss of key employees, in particular the principal members of our management and technical staff, could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations and financial condition.

Our organizational documents and Delaware state law contain provisions that could discourage or prevent a potential takeover or change in control of our company or prevent our stockholders from receiving a premium for their shares of our Common Stock.

Our board of directors has the authority to issue up to 5,000,000 shares of undesignated Preferred Stock, to determine the powers, preferences and rights and the qualifications, limitations or restrictions granted to or imposed upon any unissued series of undesignated Preferred Stock and to fix the number of shares constituting any series and the designation of such series, without any further vote or action by our stockholders. The Preferred Stock could be issued with voting, liquidation, dividend and other rights superior to the rights of the Common Stock. Furthermore, such Preferred Stock may have other rights, including economic rights, senior to the Common Stock, and as a result, the issuance of such stock could have a material adverse effect on the market value of the Common Stock. In addition, our Restated Certificate of Incorporation:

These provisions and the Board’s ability to issue Preferred Stock may have the effect of deterring hostile takeovers or offers from third parties to acquire the Company, preventing our stockholders from receiving a premium for their shares of our Common Stock, or delaying or preventing changes in control or management of the Company. We are also afforded the protection of Section 203 of the Delaware General Corporation Law, which could:

Any of these provisions which may have the effect of delaying or preventing a change in control of the Company, could have a material adverse effect on the market value of our Common Stock.

It is unlikely that we will pay dividends on our Common Stock.

We currently intend to retain all earnings to finance the growth of our business and therefore do not intend to pay dividends on our Common Stock in the foreseeable future. Moreover, the Sterling Agreement prohibits the payment of cash dividends by us on our Common Stock.

Our Common Stock is thinly traded and subject to volatility, which may adversely affect the market price for our Common Stock.

Although our Common Stock is traded on the NYSE American, it may remain relatively illiquid, or “thinly traded,” which can increase share price volatility and make it difficult for investors to buy or sell shares in the public market without materially affecting the quoted share price. Investors may be unable to buy or sell a certain quantity of our shares in the public market within one or more trading days. If limited trading in our stock continues, it may be difficult for holders to sell their shares in the public market at any given time at prevailing prices.

The prevailing market price of our Common Stock may fluctuate significantly in response to a number of factors, some of which are beyond our control, including the following:

The uncertainties we face relating to our liquidity and ability to generate sufficient cash flows from operations and to continue to operate our business as a going concern also contributes to the volatility of our stock price, and any investment in our common stock could suffer a significant decline or total loss in value. Furthermore, we may not be able to maintain compliance with the continued listing standards of the NYSE American LLC or any other national securities exchange or over-the-counter market on which our common stock is then traded, which may also adversely affect the trading price of our common stock.

Our share ownership is highly concentrated.

Our directors and officers beneficially own, or have the right to vote, approximately 45% of our Common Stock and will continue to have significant influence over the outcome of all matters submitted to the stockholders for approval, including the election of our directors.

Delays or difficulties in negotiating a labor agreement or other difficulties in our relationship with our union employees may cause an adverse effect on our manufacturing and business operations.

All of our direct labor employees located at the Old Bridge, New Jersey facility are members of the International Brotherhood of Electrical Workers Union, Local 2066 (the “Union”), under a collective bargaining agreement, which expires in February 2019. In connection with any renewal or renegotiation of the labor agreement upon its termination, there can be no assurance that work stoppages will not occur or that we will be able to agree upon terms for future agreements with the Union. Any work stoppages could have a material adverse effect on our business operations, results of operations and financial condition.

Our business and operations could suffer in the event of security breaches.

Attempts by others to gain unauthorized access to information technology systems are becoming more sophisticated. Our systems are designed to detect security incidents and to prevent their recurrence, but, in some cases, we might be unaware of an incident or its magnitude and effects. While we have not identified any material incidents of unauthorized access to date, the theft, unauthorized use or publication of our intellectual property, confidential business or personal information could harm our competitive position, reduce the value of our investment in research and development and other strategic initiatives, damage our reputation or otherwise adversely affect our business. In addition, to the extent that any future security breach results in inappropriate disclosure of our employees’, licensees’, or customers’ confidential and /or personal information, we may incur liability or additional costs to remedy any damages caused by such breach. We could also be impacted by existing and proposed laws and regulations, as well as government policies and practices related to cybersecurity, privacy and data protection.

Recently enacted tax reform legislation in the U.S. could adversely affect our business and financial condition.

On December 22, 2017, the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017 (“Tax Act”) was signed into law, making significant changes to the Internal Revenue Code. Changes under the Tax Act include, but are not limited to, a corporate tax rate decrease from 35% to 21% effective for tax years beginning after December 31, 2017, a one-time transition tax on the mandatory deemed repatriation of cumulative foreign earnings, limitation of the tax deduction for interest expense to 30% of adjusted earnings (except for certain small businesses), limitation of the deduction for net operating losses to 80% of current year taxable income and elimination of net operating loss carrybacks, one time taxation of offshore earnings at reduced rates regardless of whether they are repatriated, elimination of U.S. tax on foreign earnings (subject to certain important exceptions), immediate deductions for certain new investments instead of deductions for depreciation expense over time, and modifying or repealing many business deductions and credits (including reducing the business tax credit for certain clinical testing expenses incurred in the testing of orphan drugs). The overall impact of the Tax Act is uncertain, and our business and financial condition could be adversely affected. For example, because of the tax rate decrease, our deferred tax assets and our corresponding valuation allowance against these deferred tax assets have been reduced and may continue to be adversely impacted. In addition, it is uncertain if and to what extent various states will conform to the Tax Act and what effect legal challenges will have on the Tax Act, including litigation in the U.S. and international challenges brought at organizations such as the World Trade Organization. The impact of the Tax Act on holders of our common stock is also uncertain and could be adverse. Investors should consult with their legal and tax advisors with respect to this legislation and the potential tax consequences of investing in or holding our common stock.

Not applicable to smaller reporting companies.

The Company’s principal manufacturing, engineering, sales and administrative facilities consist of one building totaling approximately 130,000 square feet located on approximately 20 acres of land in Old Bridge, New Jersey (the “Old Bridge Facility”) which currently is owned by the Company. As discussed in further detail below, the Company has entered into an agreement to sell the Old Bridge Facility and lease back a substantial portion of the premises. The Old Bridge Facility is currently encumbered by a mortgage held by Sterling National Bank, securing the obligations of the Company to Sterling under the Sterling Agreement, which includes the principal amount of $3,286,000 under the term loan portion of the Sterling Agreement as of December 31, 2017, and by a mortgage held by the Subordinated Lenders (defined in Item 7 below) securing the Subordinated Loan Facility (defined in Item 7 below) in the principal amount of up to $750,000, of which $500,000 (plus accrued unpaid interest) is outstanding as of December 31, 2017. The Company expects that the mortgages will be released in connection with the Company’s repayments of amounts due under the Sterling Agreement and the Subordinated Loan Facility, which repayments are expected to occur upon the closing of the sale of the Old Bridge Facility. In addition, the Company leases an engineering and sales facility consisting of one building totaling approximately 7,500 square feet in Springboro, Ohio. The lease for this facility expires in October, 2021. The total lease obligation for the Springboro, Ohio facility will be approximately $48,000 during 2018. Further, the Company leases an engineering facility consisting of one building totaling approximately 2,400 square feet in Fort Wayne, Indiana. The lease for this facility expires in May, 2020. The total lease obligation for the Fort Wayne, Indiana facility will be approximately $38,000 during 2018. Management believes that these facilities are adequate to support the Company’s anticipated needs in 2018.

As previously announced, the Company has entered into an Agreement of Sale (the “Sale Agreement”) with Mountainblue Jake Brown Realty LLC (“Mountainblue”), providing for the sale of the Old Bridge Facility to Mountainblue. In connection with the transaction, Mountainblue has agreed to pay the Company $10,300,000 at closing, subject to certain adjustments as provided in the Sale Agreement. Mountainblue has deposited $525,000 in escrow as a deposit towards the full purchase price. Completion of the transactions contemplated by the Sale Agreement is subject to a number of closing conditions, including the Buyer’s satisfactory completion of certain due diligence matters.

In addition, in connection with the closing of the sale of the Old Bridge Facility, the Company (as tenant) and Mountainblue (as landlord) will enter into a lease (the “Lease”), pursuant to which the Company will continue to occupy a portion of, and continue to conduct its manufacturing, engineering, sales and administrative functions in, the Old Bridge Facility. The Lease will have an initial term of five years and allows the Company to extend the term for an additional five years following the initial term. The Company is obligated to pay base rent of $573,750 for the first year of the Lease, with the amount of the base rent adjusted for each subsequent year to equal 102.75% of the preceding year’s base rent.

The Company is a party to certain proceedings incidental to the ordinary course of its business, none of which, in the opinion of management, is likely to have a material adverse effect on the Company’s business, financial condition, results of operations or cash flows.

Not applicable.

PART II

The Company’s Common Stock has been traded on the NYSE American (formerly the NYSE MKT) since the Company’s initial public offering on December 14, 1995. The following table sets forth for the quarters indicated, the high and low sale prices for the Company’s Common Stock on the NYSE American:

Market Information

The Company’s Common Stock is traded on NYSE American under the symbol “BDR.”

Holders

As of March 15, 2018, the Company had 79 holders of record of the Common Stock. Since a portion of the Company’s common stock is held in “street” or nominee name, the Company is unable to determine the exact number of beneficial holders.

Dividends

The Company currently anticipates that it will retain all of its earnings to finance the operation of its business, and therefore does not intend to pay dividends on its Common Stock in the foreseeable future. Since its initial public offering, the Company has never declared or paid any cash dividends on its Common Stock. Any determination to pay dividends in the future is at the discretion of the Company’s Board of Directors and will depend upon the Company’s financial condition, results of operations, capital requirements, limitations contained in loan agreements and such other factors as the Board of Directors deems relevant. The Sterling Agreement prohibits the payment of cash dividends by the Company on its Common Stock.

Share Repurchases

On July 24, 2002, the Company commenced a stock repurchase program to acquire up to $300,000 of its outstanding common stock (the “2002 Program”). On February 13, 2007, the Company announced a new stock repurchase program to acquire up to an additional 100,000 shares of its outstanding common stock (the “2007 Program”). As of December 31, 2017, the Company can purchase up to $72,000 of its common stock under the 2002 Program and up to 100,000 shares of its common stock under the 2007 Program. The Company may, in its discretion, continue making purchases under the 2002 Program up to its limits, and thereafter to make purchases under the 2007 Program. The Sterling Agreement currently prohibits the Company from repurchasing shares of its common stock, whether under the 2002 Program and the 2007 Program or otherwise. During 2017, the Company did not purchase any of its common stock under the 2002 Program or the 2007 Program.

Not applicable to smaller reporting companies.

The following discussion and analysis of the Company’s historical results of operations and liquidity and capital resources should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements of the Company and notes thereto appearing elsewhere herein. The following discussion and analysis also contains forward-looking statements that involve risks and uncertainties. Our actual results could differ materially from those anticipated in these forward-looking statements as a result of various factors. See “Forward Looking Statements” that precedes Item 1 above.

Overview

The Company was incorporated in November 1988, under the laws of Delaware as GPS Acquisition Corp. for the purpose of acquiring the business of Blonder-Tongue Laboratories, Inc., a New Jersey corporation, which was founded in 1950 by Ben H. Tongue and Isaac S. Blonder to design, manufacture and supply a line of electronics and systems equipment principally for the private cable industry. Following the acquisition, the Company changed its name to Blonder Tongue Laboratories, Inc. The Company completed the initial public offering of its shares of Common Stock in December 1995.

Today, the Company is a technology-development and manufacturing company that delivers a wide range of products and services to the cable entertainment and media industry. For over 65 years, Blonder Tongue/Drake products have been deployed in a long list of locations, including lodging/hospitality, multi-dwelling units/apartments, broadcast studios/networks, universities/schools, healthcare/hospitals, fitness centers, government facilities/offices, prisons, airports, sports stadiums/arenas, entertainment venues/casinos, retail stores, and small-medium businesses. These applications are variously described as commercial, institutional and/or enterprise environments and will be referred to herein collectively as “CIE”. The customers we serve include business entities installing private video and data networks in these environments, whether they are the largest cable television operators, telco or satellite providers, integrators, architects, engineers or the next generation of Internet Protocol Television (“IPTV”) streaming video providers. The technology requirements of these markets change rapidly and the Company’s research and development team is continually delivering high performance-lower cost solutions to meet customers’ needs.

The Company’s strategy is focused on providing a wide range of products to meet the needs of the CIE environments described above, including lodging/hospitality, multi-dwelling units/apartments, broadcast studios/networks, universities/schools, healthcare/hospitals, fitness centers, government facilities/offices, prisons, airports, sports stadiums/arenas, entertainment venues/casinos, retail stores, and small-medium businesses, and to provide offerings that are optimized for an operator’s existing infrastructure, as well as the operator’s future strategy. A key component of this growth strategy is to provide products that deliver the latest technologies (such as IPTV and digital SD and HD video content) and have a high performance-to-cost ratio.

The Company has seen a continuing shift in product mix from analog products to digital products and expects this shift to continue. Accordingly, any substantial decrease in sales of analog products without a related increase in digital products could have a material adverse effect on the Company’s results of operations, financial condition and cash flows. Sales of digital video headend products were $9,438,000 and $11,777,000 and sales of analog video headend products were $1,819,000 and $2,317,000 in 2017 and 2016, respectively.

The Company’s manufacturing is allocated primarily between its facility in Old Bridge, New Jersey (“Old Bridge Facility”) and a key contract manufacturer located in the People’s Republic of China (“PRC”). The Company currently manufactures most of its digital products, including the latest encoder and EdgeQAM collections at the Old Bridge Facility. Since 2007 the Company has transitioned and continues to manufacture certain high volume, labor intensive products, including many of the Company’s analog products, in the PRC, pursuant to a manufacturing agreement that governs the production of products that may from time to time be the subject of purchase orders submitted by (and in the discretion of) the Company. Although the Company does not currently anticipate the transfer of any additional products to the PRC for manufacture, the Company may do so if business and market conditions make it advantageous to do so. Manufacturing products both at the Company’s Old Bridge Facility as well as in the PRC, enables the Company to realize cost reductions while maintaining a competitive position and time-to-market advantage.

The Company may, from time to time, provide manufacturing, research and development and product support services for other companies’ products. In 2015, the Company entered into an agreement with VBrick Systems, Inc. (“VBrick”) to provide procurement, manufacturing, warehousing and fulfillment support to VBrick for a line of high end encoder products and sub-assemblies. Sales to VBrick of encoder products were approximately $840,000 and $1,176,000 in 2017 and 2016, respectively. Sales to VBrick for sub-assemblies were not material in 2017 or 2016.

Results of Operations

The following table sets forth, for the fiscal periods indicated, certain consolidated statement of earnings data as a percentage of net sales.

2017 Compared with 2016

Net Sales. Net sales increased $777,000 or 3.5% to $23,283,000 in 2017 from $22,506,000 in 2016. The increase is primarily attributable to an increase in sales of data products offset, in part, by a decrease in sales of digital video headend products, analog video headend products and contract manufactured products. Sales of data products were $6,942,000 and $2,701,000, sales of digital video headend products were $9,438,000 and $11,777,000, sales of analog video headend products were $1,819,000 and $2,317,000, and sales of contract manufactured products were $840,000 and $1,176,000 in 2017 and 2016, respectively. The increase in sales of data products in 2017 is primarily attributable to an increased level of purchases by one customer. The Company has experienced and expects to continue to experience a shift in product mix from analog products to digital products.

Cost of Goods Sold. Cost of goods sold increased to $14,347,000 in 2017 from $14,149,000 in 2016 but decreased as a percentage of sales to 61.6% from 62.9%. The dollar increase is primarily attributable to an increase in sales. The decrease as a percentage of sales is attributable to a decrease in the provision for inventory reserves as well as a more favorable product mix, as sales of data products comprised a greater percentage of sales in 2017. The provision for (reversal of) inventory reserves was $(49,000) and $128,000 in 2017 and 2016, respectively. The Company expects cost of goods sold as a percentage of sales to go down during 2018.

Selling Expenses. Selling expenses increased to $2,492,000 in 2017 from $2,459,000 in 2016 but decreased as a percentage of sales to 10.7% for 2017 from 10.9% for 2016. This $33,000 increase is primarily attributable to an increase in department supplies of $129,000 offset by a decrease in salaries and fringe benefits of $74,000 due to reduced head count and a decrease in royalty expenses of $73,000. The decrease as a percentage of sales is primarily attributable to the increase in net sales. The Company anticipates that expenses in this area, as a percentage of revenue, will increase slightly in 2018.

General and Administrative Expenses. General and administrative expenses decreased to $3,529,000 in 2017 from $3,828,000 in 2016 and decreased as a percentage of sales to 15.2% for 2017 from 17.0% in 2016. This $299,000 decrease was primarily the result of a decrease in professional fees of $171,000, a decrease in building reconfiguration expenses of $89,000 and a decrease in travel and entertainment expenses of $79,000 offset by an increase in salaries and fringe benefits of $79,000 due to salary increases. The decrease as a percentage of sales is attributable to the overall decrease as well as an increase in net sales. The Company anticipates that expenses in this area, as a percentage of revenue, will increase slightly in 2018.

Research and Development Expense. Research and development expenses decreased to $2,452,000 in 2017 from $2,741,000 in 2016, and decreased as a percentage of sales to 10.5% in 2017 from 12.2% in 2016. This $289,000 decrease is primarily attributable to a decrease in license fees of $215,000 as well as a decrease in depreciation of $57,000. The decrease as a percentage of sales is attributable to the overall decrease as well as an increase in net sales. The Company anticipates that expenses in this area, as a percentage of revenue, will decrease slightly in 2018.

Operating Income (loss). Operating income of $463,000 for 2017 represents an improvement from the operating loss of $(671,000) in 2016. Operating income (loss) as a percentage of sales improved to 2.0% in 2017 from (3.0)% in 2016.

Interest expense. Interest expense increased to $723,000 in 2017 from $412,000 in 2016. The increase is primarily the result of the accretion of the debt discount related to the former derivative liability of $177,000 relating to the subordinated convertible debt and $144,000 of amortization of deferred loan fees, both of which were non-cash expenses.

Income Taxes. The provision (benefit) for income taxes was $(18,000) in 2017 and $29,000 in 2016. The Company records a full valuation allowance for net deferred tax assets that are no longer considered to be realizable. The decrease in the 2017 provision is attributable to a decrease in the deferred tax provision related to the amortization of indefinite lived intangible assets, or “naked credits,” which cannot be offset by the valuation allowance, a decrease in the valuation allowance, along with an offsetting decrease to the gross deferred tax assets due to a change in federal corporate tax rates. The Company expects to continue to provide a full valuation allowance until it can sustain a level of profitability that demonstrates its ability to utilize these net deferred tax assets. The significant negative evidence supporting the full valuation allowance includes a loss for the current year, a cumulative pre-tax loss for the three years ended December 31, 2017, the inability to carryback the net operating losses, limited future reversals of existing temporary differences and the limited availability of tax planning strategies. The Company expects to continue to provide a full valuation allowance until, or unless, it can sustain a level of profitability that demonstrates its ability to utilize these assets.

Inflation and Seasonality

Inflation and seasonality have not had a material impact on the results of operations of the Company. Fourth quarter sales in 2017 as compared to other quarters were slightly impacted by fewer production days. The Company expects sales each year in the fourth quarter to be impacted by fewer production days.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

As of December 31, 2017 and 2016, the Company’s working capital was $5,011,000 and $3,464,000, respectively. The increase in working capital in 2017 is primarily due to a decrease in accounts payable of $690,000, an increase in inventories of $432,000 a change in benefit costs of $415,000 and an increase in accounts receivable of $348,000 offset by an increase in borrowings under the Revolver of $367,000.

The Company’s net cash used in operating activities for the year ended December 31, 2017 was $237,000, primarily due to a reduction in accounts payable and accrued expenses of $711,000, a net loss of $384,000 and an increase in accounts receivable of $348,000 offset by non-cash expenses of $1,538,000, compared to net cash provided by operating activities for the year ended December 31, 2016 of $771,000, primarily due to non-cash expenses of $1,653,000 and a reduction in inventories of $856,000 offset by a net loss of $1,195,000 and a reduction in accounts payable and accrued expenses.

Cash used in investing activities for the year ended December 31, 2017 was $200,000, which was attributable primarily to capital expenditures of $138,000 and the acquisition of licenses of $62,000. Cash used in investing activities for the year ended December 31, 2016 was $56,000, which was attributable primarily to capital expenditures of $37,000 and the acquisition of licenses of $19,000.

Cash provided by financing activities was $137,000 for the year ended December 31, 2017, comprised primarily of net borrowings on the line of credit of $367,000 offset by repayments of debt of $230,000. Cash used in financing activities was $256,000 for the year ended December 31, 2016, comprised primarily of repayments of debt of $3,612,000 and net borrowings on the line of credit of $544,000 offset by borrowings of debt of $3,500,000 and borrowings of subordinated debt of $400,000.

For a full description of the Company’s senior secured indebtedness under the Sterling Facility and the Company’s senior subordinated convertible indebtedness under the Subordinated Loan Facility, and their respective effects upon the Company’s consolidated financial position and results of operations, see Note 5 – Debt and Note 6 – Subordinated Convertible Debt with Related Parties of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

The Company’s primary sources of liquidity are its existing cash balances, cash generated from operations and amounts available under the Sterling Facility and the Subordinated Loan Facility. As of December 31, 2017, the Company had approximately $939,000 of additional availability for borrowing under the Revolver, as well as $250,000 of additional availability for borrowing under the Subordinated Loan Facility.

As discussed in Item 2 – Properties, the Company has entered into a Sale Agreement with Mountainblue, providing for the sale of the Old Bridge Facility, pursuant to which Mountainblue has agreed to pay the Company $10,300,000 at closing, subject to certain adjustments as provided in the Sale Agreement. Completion of the transactions contemplated by the Sale Agreement is subject to a number of closing conditions, including the Buyer’s satisfactory completion of certain due diligence matters. Assuming the sale closes, the Company currently expects to use the net proceeds to repay outstanding amounts under the Sterling Facility and the Subordinated Loan Facility (to the extent the holders of the convertible subordinated indebtedness do not convert all or part of the indebtedness into shares of the Company’s common stock). The Company currently intends to use the remaining proceeds for working capital and other general corporate purposes.

The Company’s primary long-term obligations are for payment of interest and principal on the Sterling Facility, which expires on December 28, 2019, and the Subordinated Loan Facility, which expires on March 28, 2019. Repayment of the Subordinated Loan Facility is subject to the prior payment, satisfaction and discharge of the Sterling Facility. The Company expects to use cash generated from operations to meet its long-term debt obligations. The Company also expects to make financed and unfinanced long-term capital expenditures from time to time in the ordinary course of business, which capital expenditures were $138,000 and $37,000 in the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively. The Company expects to use cash generated from operations, amounts available under the Sterling Facility, proceeds from advances under the Subordinated Loan Facility, and purchase-money financing to meet any anticipated long-term capital expenditures.

Even without the sale of the Old Bridge Facility as discussed above, the Company believes that it has sufficient liquidity and capital resources to sustain its planned operations for at least the next 12 months from the filing date of this Form 10-K.

As discussed above, assuming the sale of the Old Bridge Facility closes, the Company currently expects to use the net proceeds to repay outstanding amounts under the Sterling Facility and the Subordinated Loan Facility (to the extent the holders of the convertible subordinated indebtedness do not convert all or part of the indebtedness into shares of the Company’s common stock). As of March 14, 2018, the amount currently outstanding under the Sterling Facility was approximately $5,330,000 and the amount outstanding under the Subordinated Loan Facility was approximately $636,000. Assuming the sale had closed on March 14, 2018, the Company anticipates it would have received approximately $3,109,000 of net proceeds after satisfying all of then-outstanding amounts under the Sterling Facility and the Subordinated Loan Facility. The Company currently intends to use the remaining proceeds for working capital and other general corporate purposes. The Company has been advised by Sterling that Sterling will agree to release its mortgage on the Old Bridge Facility in connection with the consummation of the transactions contemplated by the Agreement of Sale, assuming the concurrent repayment of the Term Loan secured thereby, and the application of a portion of the remaining proceeds to pay down of the balance due under the Revolver (but without the termination of Sterling’s commitment to lend under the Revolver, which shall remain in force). The Company is currently in discussions with Sterling regarding certain modifications to the terms of the Sterling Facility and the Company’s desire to retain the Revolver following consummation of the transactions contemplated by the Agreement of Sale. The Company anticipates that it will enter into a satisfactory amendment to the Sterling Facility, which should result in the Revolver under the Sterling Facility remaining in place through its natural maturity date. The Company has advised the holders of the indebtedness under the Subordinated Loan Facility, that promptly upon the consummation of the Agreement of Sale, it expects to repay in full all amounts outstanding under the Subordinated Loan Agreement, including all PIK Interest, that has not been converted into shares of the Company’s common stock, as permitted under the Subordinated Loan Agreement, and thereupon terminate the Subordinated Loan Facility.

Assuming the sale of the Old Bridge Facility closes, the Company’s will undertake a long-term obligation through its lease-back of a portion of the Old Bridge Facility. As discussed in Item 2 – Properties, upon closing of the sale of the Old Bridge Facility, the Company (as tenant) and Mountainblue (as landlord) will enter into the Lease, which will have an initial term of five years and allows the Company to extend the term for an additional five years following the initial term. The Company will be obligated to pay base rent of $573,750 for the first year of the Lease, with the amount of the base rent adjusted for each subsequent year to equal 102.75% of the preceding year’s base rent. For the first year of the Lease, this amount would offset the anticipated annualized saving of interest and depreciation expense of approximately $512,000 and the cash debt service of approximately $533,000.

Critical Accounting Estimates

The Company prepares its financial statements in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States. Preparing financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles requires the Company to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities as of the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. The following paragraphs include a discussion of some critical areas where estimates are required. You should also review Note 1 to the consolidated financial statements for further discussion of significant accounting policies.

Inventory and Obsolescence

Inventories are stated at the lower of cost, determined by the first-in, first-out (“FIFO”) method, or net realizable value.

The Company periodically analyzes anticipated product sales based on historical results, current backlog and marketing plans. Based on these analyses, the Company anticipates that certain products will not be sold during the next twelve months. Inventories that are not anticipated to be sold in the next twelve months, have been classified as non-current.

The Company continually analyzes its slow-moving and excess inventories. Based on historical and projected sales volumes and anticipated selling prices, the Company establishes reserves. Inventory that is in excess of current and projected use is reduced by an allowance to a level that approximates its estimate of future demand. Products that are determined to be obsolete are written down to net realizable value.

Accounts Receivable and Allowance for Doubtful Accounts

Accounts receivable are customer obligations due under normal trade terms. The Company sells its products primarily to distributors and private cable operators. The Company performs continuing credit evaluations of its customers’ financial condition and although the Company generally does not require collateral, letters of credit may be required from its customers in certain circumstances.

Senior management reviews accounts receivable on a monthly basis to determine if any receivables will potentially be uncollectible. The Company includes any accounts receivable balances that are determined to be uncollectible, along with a general reserve based on historical experience, in its overall allowance for doubtful accounts.

Long-Lived Assets

The Company continually monitors events and changes in circumstances that could indicate carrying amounts of the long-lived assets, including intangible assets may not be recoverable. When such events or changes in circumstances occur, the Company assesses recoverability by determining whether the carrying value of such assets will be recovered through the undiscounted expected future cash flows. If the future undiscounted cash flows are less than the carrying amount of these assets, an impairment loss is recognized based on the excess of the carrying amount over the fair value of the assets. The Company did not recognize any intangible asset impairment charges in 2017 and 2016, respectively.

Valuation of Deferred Tax Assets

The Company accounts for income taxes under the provisions of the FASB ASC Topic 740 “Income Taxes”. Deferred income taxes are provided for temporary differences in the recognition of certain income and expenses for financial and tax reporting purposes. Valuation allowances are established when necessary to reduce deferred tax assets to the amount expected to be realized.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

See financial statement pages 35 - 38.

Not applicable to smaller reporting companies.

Incorporated by reference from the consolidated financial statements and notes thereto of the Company, which are attached hereto beginning on page 35.

Not applicable.

Disclosure Controls and Procedures

The Company maintains a system of disclosure controls and procedures designed to provide reasonable assurance that information required to be disclosed in the Company’s reports filed or submitted pursuant to Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the rules and forms of the Securities and Exchange Commission. Disclosure controls and procedures include, without limitation, controls and procedures designed to ensure that such information is accumulated and communicated to the Company’s management, including its principal executive officer and principal financial officer, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. The Company carried out an evaluation, under the supervision and with the participation of management, including the principal executive officer and principal financial officer, of the design and operation of the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures as of the end of the period covered by this report. Based on this evaluation, the Company’s principal executive officer and principal financial officer concluded that the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures were effective at December 31, 2017.

Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

The management of the Company is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting as defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) of the Exchange Act. The Company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.

All internal control systems, no matter how well designed, have inherent limitations. Therefore, even those systems determined to be effective can provide only reasonable assurance with respect to financial statement preparation and presentation.

The Company’s management assessed the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2017. In making this assessment, it used the 2013 criteria set forth by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO) in Internal Control—Integrated Framework. Based on this assessment the Company believes that, as of December 31, 2017 the Company’s internal control over financial reporting is effective based on those criteria.

This annual report does not include an attestation report of the Company's registered public accounting firm regarding internal control over financial reporting. Management's report was not subject to attestation by the Company's registered public accounting firm pursuant to the rules of the Securities and Exchange Commission for Smaller Reporting Companies that permit the Company to provide only management's report in this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

During the quarter ended December 31, 2017, there have been no changes in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.

Not applicable.

PART III

The information about the Company’s directors and executive officers is incorporated by reference from the discussion under the heading “Directors and Executive Officers” in the Company’s proxy statement for its 2017 Annual Meeting of Stockholders. The information about the Company’s Audit Committee (excluding the Audit Committee Report) and the Audit Committee’s “audit committee financial expert,” is incorporated by reference from the discussion under the heading “Corporate Governance and Board Matters” in the Company’s proxy statement for its 2018 Annual Meeting of Stockholders. Information about compliance with Section 16(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 is incorporated by reference from the discussion under the heading “Section 16(a) Beneficial Ownership Reporting Compliance” in the Company’s proxy statement for its 2018 Annual Meeting of Stockholders.

Each of the Company’s directors, officers and employees are required to comply with the Blonder Tongue Laboratories, Inc. Code of Ethics adopted by the Company. The Code of Ethics sets forth policies covering a broad range of subjects and requires strict adherence to laws and regulations applicable to the Company’s business. The Code of Ethics is available on the Company’s website at www.blondertongue.com, under the “About Us - Investor Relations - Code of Ethics” captions. The Company will post to its website any amendments to the Code of Ethics under the “About Us - Investor Relations - Code of Ethics” caption.

Information about director and executive officer compensation is incorporated by reference from the discussion under the headings “Directors’ Compensation” and “Executive Compensation” in the Company’s proxy statement for its 2018 Annual Meeting of Stockholders.

Information about security ownership of certain beneficial owners and management is incorporated by reference from the discussion under the heading “Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management” in the Company’s proxy statement for its 2018 Annual Meeting of Stockholders.

Information about certain relationships and transactions with related parties is incorporated by reference from the discussion under the heading “Certain Relationships and Related Transactions” in the Company’s proxy statement for its 2018 Annual Meeting of Stockholders. Information about the independence of each director or nominee for director of the Company during 2017 is incorporated by reference from the discussion under the heading “Corporate Governance and Board Matters” in the Company’s proxy statement for its 2018 Annual Meeting of Stockholders.

Information about procedures related to the engagement of the independent registered public accountants and fees and services paid to the independent registered public accountants is incorporated by reference from the discussion under the headings “Audit and Other Fees Paid to Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm” and “Pre-Approval Policy for Services by Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm” in the Company’s proxy statement for its 2018 Annual Meeting of Stockholders.

PART IV

All schedules for which provision is made in the applicable accounting regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission are not required under the applicable instructions or are inapplicable and therefore have been omitted.

The exhibits are listed in the Index to Exhibits appearing below and are filed herewith or are incorporated by reference to exhibits previously filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission.

Exhibits 10.1 and 10.3-10.23 represent management contracts or compensation plans or arrangements.

All schedules for which provision is made in the applicable accounting regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission are not required under the applicable instructions or are inapplicable and therefore have been omitted.

BLONDER TONGUE LABORATORIES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

INDEX TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM

To the Shareholders and Board of Directors of

Blonder Tongue Laboratories, Inc.

Opinion on the Financial Statements

We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Blonder Tongue Laboratories, Inc. and Subsidiaries (the “Company”) as of December 31, 2017 and 2016, the related consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss), stockholders’ equity and cash flows for each of the two years in the period ended December 31, 2017, and the related notes (collectively referred to as the “financial statements”). In our opinion, the financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of December 31, 2017 and 2016, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the two years in the period ended December 31, 2017, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.

Basis for Opinion

These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company's management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company's financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) ("PCAOB") and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.

We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audits to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. The Company is not required to have, nor were we engaged to perform, an audit of its internal control over financial reporting. As part of our audits we are required to obtain an understanding of internal control over financial reporting but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the Company's internal control over financial reporting. Accordingly, we express no such opinion.

Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.

Marcum llp

/s/ Marcum LLP

We have served as the Company’s auditor since 2005.

New York, NY

April 2, 2018

BLONDER TONGUE LABORATORIES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

(In thousands, except per share data)

See accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statements.

BLONDER TONGUE LABORATORIES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS AND COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS)

(In thousands, except per share data)

See accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statements.

BLONDER TONGUE LABORATORIES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY

(In thousands)

See accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statements.

BLONDER TONGUE LABORATORIES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

(In thousands)

See accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statements.

BLONDER TONGUE LABORATORIES, INC.

AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(in thousands, except per share data)

Note 1 - Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Blonder Tongue Laboratories, Inc. (together with its consolidated subsidiaries, the “Company”) is a technology-development and manufacturing company that delivers television signal encoding, transcoding, digital transport, and broadband product solutions to the markets the Company serves, including the multi-dwelling unit market, the lodging/hospitality market and the institutional market, including hospitals, prisons and schools, primarily throughout the United States and Canada. The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Blonder Tongue Laboratories, Inc. and its wholly-owned subsidiaries. Significant intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.

The Company considers all highly liquid debt instruments with a maturity of less than three months at purchase to be cash equivalents. The Company did not have any cash equivalents at December 31, 2017 and 2016. Cash balances at financial institutions are insured by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (“FDIC”). At times, cash and cash equivalents may be uninsured or in deposit accounts that exceed the FDIC insurance limit. Periodically, the Company evaluates the creditworthiness of the financial institutions and evaluates its credit exposure.

Accounts receivable are customer obligations due under normal trade terms. The Company sells its products primarily to distributors and private cable operators. The Company performs continuing credit evaluations of its customers’ financial condition and although the Company generally does not require collateral, letters of credit may be required from its customers in certain circumstances.

Senior management reviews accounts receivable on a monthly basis to determine if any receivables will potentially be uncollectible. The Company includes any accounts receivable balances that are determined to be uncollectible, along with a general reserve based on historical experience, in its overall allowance for doubtful accounts.

Inventories are stated at the lower of cost, determined by the first-in, first-out (“FIFO”) method, or net realizable value.

The Company periodically analyzes anticipated product sales based on historical results, current backlog and marketing plans. Based on these analyses, the Company anticipates that certain products will not be sold during the next twelve months. Inventories that are not anticipated to be sold in the next twelve months, have been classified as non-current.

The Company continually analyzes its slow-moving and excess inventories. Based on historical and projected sales volumes and anticipated selling prices, the Company establishes reserves. Inventory that is in excess of current and projected use is reduced by an allowance to a level that approximates its estimate of future demand. Products that are determined to be obsolete are written down to net realizable value.

Property, plant and equipment are stated at cost. The Company provides for depreciation generally on the straight-line method based upon estimated useful lives of 3 to 5 years for office equipment, 5 to 7 years for furniture and fixtures, 6 to 10 years for machinery and equipment, 10 to 15 years for building improvements and 40 years for the manufacturing and administrative office facility.

BLONDER TONGUE LABORATORIES, INC.

AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(in thousands, except per share data)

The Company accounts for goodwill and intangible assets in accordance with Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) ASC 350 Intangibles - Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets (“ASC 350”). ASC 350 requires that goodwill and other intangibles with indefinite lives be tested for impairment annually or on an interim basis if events or circumstances indicate that the fair value of an asset has decreased below its carrying value.

Goodwill represents the excess of the purchase price over the fair value of net assets acquired in business combinations. Accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (“GAAP”) requires that goodwill be tested for impairment at the reporting unit level (operating segment or one level below an operating segment) on an annual basis and between annual tests when circumstances indicate that the recoverability of the carrying amount of goodwill may be in doubt. Application of the goodwill impairment test requires judgment, including the identification of reporting units, assigning assets and liabilities to reporting units, assigning goodwill to reporting units, and determining the fair value. Significant judgment is required to estimate the fair value of reporting units including estimating future cash flows, determining appropriate discount rates and other assumptions. Changes in these estimates and assumptions could materially affect the determination of fair value and/or goodwill impairment.

The Company’s business includes one goodwill reporting unit. The Company annually reviews goodwill for possible impairment by comparing the fair value of the reporting unit to the carrying value of the assets. If the fair value exceeds the carrying value of the net asset, no goodwill impairment is deemed to exist. If the fair value does not exceed the carrying value, goodwill is tested for impairment and written down to its implied fair value if it is determined to be impaired. The Company performed its annual goodwill impairment test on December 31, 2017. Based upon its qualitative assessment, the Company determined that goodwill was not impaired .

The Company considers its trade name to have an indefinite life and in accordance with ASC 350, will not be amortized and will be reviewed annually for impairment.

The components of intangible assets that are carried at cost less accumulated amortization at December 31, 2017 are as follows:

The components of intangible assets that are carried at cost less accumulated amortization at December 31, 2016 are as follows:

BLONDER TONGUE LABORATORIES, INC.

AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(in thousands, except per share data)

Amortization is computed utilizing the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of 10 years for customer relationships, 10 years for proprietary technology, and 3 years for non-compete agreements. Amortization expense for intangible assets was $171 for both years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively. Intangible asset amortization is projected to be approximately $171 per year in 2018, 2019, 2020 and 2021, $14 in 2022 and $2 thereafter, respectively.

The Company continually monitors events and changes in circumstances that could indicate carrying amounts of the long-lived assets, including intangible assets may not be recoverable. When such events or changes in circumstances occur, the Company assesses recoverability by determining whether the carrying value of such assets will be recovered through the undiscounted expected future cash flows. If the future undiscounted cash flows are less than the carrying amount of these assets, an impairment loss is recognized based on the excess of the carrying amount over the fair value of the assets. The Company did not recognize any intangible asset impairment charges in 2017 and 2016.

The Company accounted for the derivative liability embedded in subordinated convertible debt with related parties in accordance with the provisions of ASC Topic 815 “Derivatives and Hedging”. Based upon the provisions of ASC Topic 815, an embedded derivative shall be separated from the host contract and accounted for as a derivative instrument if all of the following criteria are met: (i) the economic characteristics and risks of the embedded derivative are not clearly and closely related to the economic characteristics and risks of the host contract; (ii) the hybrid instrument is not measured at fair value under otherwise applicable GAAP with changes in fair value reported in earnings as they occur; and (iii) a separate instrument with the same terms as the embedded derivative would, pursuant to Section 815-10-15, be a derivative instrument subject to the requirements of this Subtopic.

Treasury Stock is recorded at cost. Gains and losses on subsequent reissuance are recorded as increases or decreases to additional paid-in capital with losses in excess of previously recorded gains charged directly to retained earnings. During 2017 and 2016, 92 shares and 1,358 shares, respectively of common stock were reissued from treasury.

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. The Company’s significant estimates include stock compensation and reserves related to accounts receivable, inventory and deferred tax assets. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

At December 31, 2017, approximately 28% of the Company’s employees were covered by a collective bargaining agreement, that is scheduled to expire in February 2019.

The Company’s analog video headend products accounted for approximately 8% and 10% of the Company’s revenues in the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively. The Company’s digital video headend products accounted for approximately 41% and 52% of the Company’s revenues in the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively. Any substantial decrease in sales of analog video headend products without a related increase in digital video headend products could have a material adverse effect on the Company’s results of operations, financial condition and cash flows.

BLONDER TONGUE LABORATORIES, INC.

AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(in thousands, except per share data)

The Company records royalty expense, as applicable, when the related products are sold. Royalty expense is recorded as a component of selling expenses. Royalty expense was $77 and $150 for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively. The Company amortizes license fees over the life of the relevant contract.

The components of intangible assets consisting of license agreements that are carried at cost less accumulated amortization are as follows:

Amortization of license fees is computed utilizing the straight-line method over the estimated useful life of 1 to 2 years. Amortization expense for license fees was $150 and $361 in the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively. Amortization expense for license fees is projected to be approximately $29 in the year ending December 31, 2018.

The Company uses the United States dollar as its functional and reporting currency since the majority of the Company’s revenues, expenses, assets and liabilities are in the United States and the focus of the Company’s operations is in that country. Assets and liabilities in foreign currencies are translated using the exchange rate at the balance sheet date. Revenues and expenses are translated at average rates of exchange during the year. Gains and losses from foreign currency transactions and translation for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016 and cumulative translation gains and losses as of December 31, 2017 and 2016 were not material.

Research and development expenditures for the Company’s projects are expensed as incurred.

The Company records revenues when products are shipped and the amount of revenue is determinable and collection is reasonably assured. Customers do not have a right of return. The Company provides a three year warranty on most products. Warranty expense was de minimis in the two years ended December 31, 2017.

The Company computes stock-based compensation in accordance with authoritative guidance. The Company uses the Black-Scholes-Merton option pricing model to determine the fair value of its stock options. The Black-Scholes-Merton option-pricing model includes various assumptions, including the fair market value of the common stock of the Company, expected life of stock options, the expected volatility and the expected risk-free interest rate, among others. These assumptions reflect the Company’s best estimates, but they involve inherent uncertainties based on market conditions generally outside the control of the Company. Forfeitures are recorded when they occur.

As a result, if other assumptions had been used, stock-based compensation cost, as determined in accordance with authoritative guidance, could have been materially impacted. Furthermore, if the Company uses different assumptions on future grants, stock-based compensation cost could be materially affected in future periods.

BLONDER TONGUE LABORATORIES, INC.

AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(in thousands, except per share data)

The Company accounts for income taxes under the provisions of the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) ASC Topic 740 “Income Taxes” (“ASC Topic 740”). Deferred income taxes are provided for temporary differences in the recognition of certain income and expenses for financial and tax reporting purposes. Valuation allowances are established when necessary to reduce deferred tax assets to the amount expected to be realized.

The Company will classify as income tax expense any interest and penalties recognized in accordance with ASC Topic 740. The Company files income tax returns primarily in New Jersey, along with certain other jurisdictions.

Earnings (loss) per share are calculated in accordance with ASC Topic 260 “Earnings Per Share,” which provides for the calculation of “basic” and “diluted” earnings (loss) per share. Basic earnings (loss) per share includes no dilution and is computed by dividing net earnings by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding for the period. Diluted earnings (loss) per share reflect, in periods in which they have a dilutive effect, the effect of potential issuances of common shares. The diluted share base excludes incremental shares related to stock options and convertible debt of 1,256 and 1,156 and 1,670 and 1,026 for the year ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively. These shares were excluded due to their antidilutive effect.

Comprehensive income (loss) is a measure of income which includes both net loss and other comprehensive income (loss). Other comprehensive income (loss) results from items deferred from recognition into the statement of operations and principally consists of unrecognized pension losses net of taxes. Accumulated other comprehensive loss is separately presented on the Company's consolidated balance sheet as part of stockholders’ equity.

The Company evaluates events that have occurred after the balance sheet date but before the financial statements are issued. Based upon the evaluation, the Company did not identify any recognized or non-recognized subsequent events that would require adjustment to or disclosure in the consolidated financial statements.

BLONDER TONGUE LABORATORIES, INC.

AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(in thousands, except per share data)

In May 2014, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) ASU No. 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers, which supersedes the revenue recognition requirements in Topic 605, Revenue Recognition and requires entities to recognize revenue in a way that depicts the transfer of promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the entity expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. In August 2015, the FASB issued ASU 2015-14, which defers by one year the effective date of ASU 2014-09. Accordingly, this guidance is effective for interim and annual periods beginning after December 15, 2017 with early adoption permitted for interim and annual periods beginning after December 15, 2016. In March 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-08 Principal versus Agent Considerations (Reporting Revenue Gross versus Net), which finalizes its amendments to the guidance in the new revenue standard on assessing whether an entity is a principal or an agent in a revenue transaction. This conclusion impacts whether an entity reports revenue on a gross or net basis. In April 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-10 Identifying Performance Obligations and Licensing, which finalizes its amendments to the guidance in the new revenue standard regarding the identification of performance obligations and accounting for the license of intellectual property. In May 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-12 Narrow-Scope Improvements and Practical Expedients, which finalizes its amendments to the guidance in the new revenue standard on collectability, noncash consideration, presentation of sales tax, and transition. In December 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-20, Technical Corrections and Improvements to Topic 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers, which continues the FASB's ongoing project to issue technical corrections and improvements to clarify the codification or correct unintended applications of guidance. The amendments are intended to make the guidance more operable and lead to more consistent application. The amendments have the same effective date and transition requirements as the new revenue recognition standard. In September 2017, the FASB Issued ASU 2017-13, Revenue Recognition (Topic 605), Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606), Leases (Topic 840), and Leases (Topic 842), which provides additional implementation guidance on the previously issued ASU 2014-09. Overall, ASU No. 2014-09, as amended, provides for either full retrospective adoption or a modified retrospective adoption by which it is applied only to the most current period presented. The Company has adopted Topic 606 as of January 1, 2018 and the Company has concluded that it will utilize the modified retrospective method of adoption. The Company has reviewed its 2017 revenue under both Topic 605 and Topic 606 and does not believe that there will be a material impact in the accounting treatment under each Topic. While the Company will provide expanded disclosures as a result of ASU No. 2014-09, this standard is not expected to have a material impact on its results of operations and financial condition.

In February 2016, the FASB ASU No. 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842) which supersedes FASB ASC Topic 840, Leases (Topic 840) and provides principles for the recognition, measurement, presentation and disclosure of leases for both lessees and lessors. The FASB has continued to clarify this guidance and most recently issued ASU 2017-13 “Amendments to SEC Paragraphs Pursuant to the Staff Announcement at the July 20, 2017 EITF Meeting and Rescission of Prior SEC Staff Announcements and Observer Comments.” The new standard requires lessees to apply a dual approach, classifying leases as either finance or operating leases based on the principle of whether or not the lease is effectively a financed purchase by the lessee. This classification will determine whether lease expense is recognized based on an effective interest method or on a straight-line basis over the term of the lease, respectively. A lessee is also required to record a right-of-use asset and a lease liability for all leases with a term of greater than twelve months regardless of classification. Leases with a term of twelve months or less will be accounted for similar to existing guidance for operating leases. The standard will be effective for annual and interim periods beginning after December 15, 2018, with early adoption permitted upon issuance. The Company is currently evaluating the impact that ASU 2016-02 will have on its financial statements and related disclosures.

In August 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-15, Classification of Certain Cash Receipts and Cash Payments (a consensus of the Emerging Issues Task Force). The amendments in ASU 2016-15 address eight specific cash flow issues and apply to all entities, including both business entities and not-for-profit entities that are required to present a statement of cash flows under FASB Accounting Standards Codification 230, Statement of Cash Flows. The amendments in ASU 2016-15 are effective for public business entities for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2017, and interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption is permitted, including adoption in an interim period. The Company has adopted this update as of January 1, 2018 and the adoption will not have a material impact on its financial condition or results of operations.

In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-04, Intangibles—Goodwill and Other (Topic 350) Simplifying the Test for Goodwill Impairment. This standard simplifies the accounting for goodwill impairment. The guidance removes Step 2 of the goodwill impairment test, which requires a hypothetical purchase price allocation. Goodwill impairment will now be the amount by which a reporting unit’s carrying value exceeds its fair value, not to exceed the carrying amount of goodwill. The revised guidance will be applied prospectively, and is effective for calendar year-end SEC filers for its annual or any interim goodwill impairment tests in fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019. Early adoption is permitted for interim or annual goodwill impairment tests performed on testing dates after January 1, 2017. The Company has not yet adopted this update and currently evaluating the effect this new standard will have on its financial condition and results of operations.

BLONDER TONGUE LABORATORIES, INC.

AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(in thousands, except per share data)

In May 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-09, Compensation-Stock Compensation (Topic 718) Scope of Modification Accounting (“ASU 2017-09”). This ASU clarifies which changes to the terms or conditions of a share-based payment award require an entry to apply modification accounting in Topic 718. The standard is effective for the Company on January 1, 2018, with early adoption permitted. The Company does not believe the adoption of this standard will have a material effect on the Company’s consolidated financial position and results of operations.

In July 2017, the FASB issued a two-part ASU, ASU No. 2017-11, “Earnings per Share (Topic 260), Distinguishing Liabilities from Equity (Topic 480), Derivatives and Hedging (Topic 815): I “Accounting for Certain Financial Instruments With Down Round Features” and II “Replacement of the Indefinite Deferral for Mandatorily Redeemable Financial Instruments of Certain Nonpublic Entities and Certain Mandatorily Redeemable Noncontrolling Interests With a Scope Execution.” The ASU Part I changes the classification analysis of certain equity –linked financial instruments with down round features and the related disclosures. Part II of the amendment re-characterizes the indefinite deferral of certain provisions of Topic 480 and does not have an accounting effect. The ASU is effective for public business entities for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2018. Early adoption is permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the impact that the adoption of this new standard will have on its consolidated financial position and results of operations.

In February 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-02, Income Statement – Reporting Comprehensive Income (Topic 220): Reclassification of Certain Tax Effects from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income ("ASU 2018-02"). ASU 2018-02 provides financial statement preparers with an option to reclassify stranded tax effects within accumulated other comprehensive income to retained earnings in each period in which the effect of the change in the U.S. federal corporate income tax rate in the Tax Reform (or portion thereof) is recorded. ASU 2018-02 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018. Early adoption is permitted for any interim period for which financial statements have not been issued. The Company does not believe that the adoption of this guidance will have a material impact on the Company's consolidated financial statements due the presence of a full valuation allowance. However, the Company is in the process of evaluating the impact of this new guidance on the Company's consolidated financial statements and disclosures.

Note 2 – Inventories

Inventories, net of reserves, are summarized as follows:

BLONDER TONGUE LABORATORIES, INC.

AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(in thousands, except per share data)

Note 3 – Property, Plant and Equipment

Property, plant and equipment are summarized as follows:

Depreciation expense amounted to approximately $321 and $440 during the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively.

Note 4 – Debt

On December 28, 2016, the Company entered into a Loan and Security Agreement (the “Sterling Agreement”) with Sterling National Bank (“Sterling”). The Sterling Agreement provides the Company with a credit facility in an aggregate amount of $8,500 (the “Sterling Facility”) consisting of a $5,000 asset-based revolving line of credit (the “Revolver”) and a $3,500 amortizing term loan (the “Term Loan”). The Sterling Facility matures in December 2019. Interest on the Revolver is variable, based upon the 30-day LIBOR rate (1.56% at December 31, 2017) plus a margin of 4.00%. Interest on the Term Loan also is variable, based upon the 30-day LIBOR rate (1.56% at December 31, 2017) plus a margin of 4.50%. The Term Loan will amortize at the rate of $19 per month. On March 30, 2017, the Company and Sterling entered into a certain First Amendment to Loan and Security Agreement (the “First Amendment”), pursuant to which, among other things, the parties amended the definitions of certain items used in the calculation of the fixed charge coverage ratio, deferred the first measurement period of the financial covenants contemplated by the Sterling Agreement, from December 31, 2016 to January 31, 2017, and modified certain terms relating to permitted investments by the Company. The outstanding balances under the Revolver were $2,487 and $2,120 at December 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively. All outstanding indebtedness under the Sterling Agreement is secured by all of the assets of the Company and its subsidiaries.

A portion of the proceeds received by the Company were used to repay all amounts outstanding under the Company’s former Revolving Credit, Term Loan and Security Agreement with Santander Bank, N.A., which was terminated on December 28, 2016. 

The Sterling Agreement contains customary covenants, including restrictions on the incurrence of additional indebtedness, encumbrances on the Company’s assets, the payment of cash dividends or similar distributions, the repayment of any subordinated indebtedness and the sale or other disposition of the Company’s assets. In addition, the Company must maintain (i) a fixed charge coverage ratio of not less than 1.1 to 1.0 for any fiscal month (determined as of the last day of each fiscal month on a rolling twelve-month basis, as calculated for the Company and its consolidated subsidiaries) and (ii) a leverage ratio of not more than 2.0 to 1.0 for any fiscal month (determined as of the last day of each fiscal month, as calculated for the Company and its consolidated subsidiaries). By virtue of the First Amendment, compliance with the foregoing financial covenants was tested commencing as of January 31, 2017. At December 31, 2017, the Company was in compliance with all financial covenants.

BLONDER TONGUE LABORATORIES, INC.

AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(in thousands, except per share data)

Long-term debt consists of the following:

Annual maturities of long term debt at December 31, 2017 are $249 in 2018, $3,069 in 2019, $15 in 2020 and $10 in 2021.

Note 5 – Subordinated Convertible Debt with Related Parties

On March 28, 2016, the Company and its wholly-owned subsidiary, R.L. Drake Holdings, LLC (“Drake”), as borrowers and Robert J. Pallé, as agent (in such capacity “Agent”) and as a lender, together with Carol M. Pallé, Steven Shea and James H. Williams as lenders (collectively, the “Subordinated Lenders”) entered into a certain Amended and Restated Senior Subordinated Convertible Loan and Security Agreement (the “Subordinated Loan Agreement”), pursuant to which the Subordinated Lenders agreed to provide the Company with a delayed draw term loan facility of up to $750 (“Subordinated Loan Facility”), under which individual advances in amounts not less than $50 may be drawn by the Company. Interest on the outstanding balance under the Subordinated Loan Facility from time to time, accrues at 12% per annum (subject to increase under certain circumstances) and is payable monthly in-kind by the automatic increase of the principal amount of the loan on each monthly interest payment date, by the amount of the accrued interest payable at that time (“PIK Interest”); provided, however, that at the option of the Company, it may pay interest in cash on any interest payment date, in lieu of PIK Interest. The Subordinated Lenders have the option of converting the principal balance of the loan, in whole (unless otherwise agreed by the Company), into shares of the Company’s common stock at a conversion price of $0.54 per share (subject to adjustment under certain circumstances). This conversion right was subject to stockholder approval as required by the rules of the NYSE American (formerly the NYSE MKT), which approval was obtained on May 24, 2016 at the Company’s annual meeting of stockholders. The obligations of the Company and Drake under the Subordinated Loan Agreement are secured by substantially all of the Company’s and Drake’s assets, including by a mortgage against the Old Bridge

Facility (the “Subordinated Mortgage”). In connection with the Subordinated Loan Agreement, the Company, Drake, the Subordinated Lenders and Sterling entered into a Subordination Agreement (the “Subordination Agreement”), pursuant to which the rights of the Subordinated Lenders under the Subordinated Loan Agreement and the Subordinated Mortgage are subordinate to the rights of Sterling under the Sterling Agreement and related security documents. The Subordination Agreement precludes the Company from making cash payments of interest in lieu of PIK Interest, in the absence of the prior written consent of Sterling.

As of December 31, 2017 and 2016, the Subordinated Lenders advanced $500 to the Company. In addition, $71 and $53 of PIK interest was accrued in the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively. The Company evaluated the conversion option embedded in the Subordinated Loan Agreement issued in December 2016 in accordance with the provisions of ASC Topic 815, Derivatives and Hedging, and determined that the conversion option had all of the characteristics of a derivative in its entirety and did not qualify for an exception to the derivative accounting rules. Specifically, prior to the adoption of the First Sub-Debt Amendment (as defined below), pursuant to Section 4.4(e)(ii) of the Subordinated Debt Agreement, the exercise price of the conversion option entitled the Subordinated Lenders to an adjustment of the exercise price in the event that the Company subsequently issued equity securities or equity linked securities at prices more favorable to a new investor than the exercise price of the conversion option embedded in the Subordinated Loan Agreement (the “Price Protection Provision”). Accordingly, the conversion option was not indexed to the Company’s own stock. Due to the derivative treatment of the conversion option, the Company recorded $260 derivative liability at December 31, 2016. The change in the fair value of the derivative liability and accretion of the debt discount included in the statement of operations was $83 in the year ended December 31, 2016.

BLONDER TONGUE LABORATORIES, INC.

AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(in thousands, except per share data)

On March 21, 2017, the Company, Drake, and the Subordinated Lenders entered into a certain First Amendment to Amended and Restated Convertible Loan and Security Agreement (the “First Sub-Debt Amendment”), pursuant to which the Subordinated Loan Agreement was amended to eliminate the Price Protection Provision, effective as of such date. The First Sub-Debt Amendment also eliminated certain defined terms related to the Price Protection Provision. As a result of the First Sub-Debt Amendment, during the first quarter of 2017, the Company recorded a change in the derivative liability (expense) of $142, the fair value of the liability at the date of the modification and reclassified the aggregate value of the derivative liability at the date of modification in the amount of $402 to additional paid-in capital. In addition, during the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, the Company incurred interest of $248 and $53, respectively, related to these loans. The Company computed the fair value of the derivative liability at the date of modification using the Black-Scholes Model, which approximates a binomial lattice model with the following assumptions: stock price of $0.65, conversion price of $0.54, volatility of 104%, expected term of two years, risk free rate of 1.30% and dividend yield 0%.

Note 6 – Commitments and Contingencies

Leases

The Company leases certain real estate, factory, and office equipment under non-cancellable operating leases and equipment under capital leases expiring at various dates through July, 2022.

Future minimum rental payments, required for all non-cancellable leases are as follows:

Property, plant and equipment included capitalized leases of $86 and $66 at December 31, 2017 and 2016, less accumulated amortization of $23 and $6 at December 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively.

Rent expense was $199 and $206 for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively.

Litigation

The Company  from time to time is a party to certain proceedings incidental to the ordinary course of its business, none of which, in the current opinion of management, is likely to have a material adverse effect on the Company’s business, financial condition, results of operations or cash flows.

BLONDER TONGUE LABORATORIES, INC.

AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(in thousands, except per share data)

Note 7 – Benefit Plans

Defined Contribution Plan

The Company has a defined contribution plan covering all full time employees qualified under Section 401(k) of the Internal Revenue Code, in which the Company matches a portion of an employee’s salary deferral. The Company’s contributions to this plan were $157 and $151, for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively.

Defined Benefit Pension Plan

Substantially all union employees who met certain requirements of age, length of service and hours worked per year were covered by a Company sponsored non-contributory defined benefit pension plan. Benefits paid to retirees are based upon age at retirement and years of credited service.

On August 1, 2006, the plan was frozen. The defined benefit pension plan is closed to new entrants and existing participants do not accrue any additional benefits. The Company complies with minimum funding requirements. The total expense (credit) for this plan was $9 in 2017 and $(63) in 2016, respectively.

The Company recognizes the funded status of its defined benefit pension plan measured as the difference between the fair value of the plan assets and the projected benefit obligation, in the Consolidated Balance Sheets. As of December 31, 2017 and 2016, the funded status related to the defined benefit pension plan was overfunded (underfunded) by $314 and $(101), respectively, and is recorded in current assets (current liabilities).

Note 8 – Related Party Transactions

On March 28, 2016, the Company’s current Chief Executive Officer and his wife, together with two of the Company’s independent directors, as lenders, and the Company and Drake, as borrowers, entered into the Subordinated Loan Agreement pursuant to which they agreed to provide the Company with the Subordinated Loan Facility in an amount up to $750, all as more fully described in Note 5, above.

A director and shareholder of the Company is a partner of a law firm that serves as outside legal counsel for the Company. During the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, this law firm billed the Company approximately $358 and $532, respectively for legal services provided by this firm. Included in accounts payable on the accompanying balance sheets at December 31, 2017 and 2016, is approximately $25 and $40, respectively, owed to this law firm.

Note 9 – Concentration of Credit Risk

Financial instruments that potentially subject the Company to significant concentrations of credit risk consist principally of cash deposits and trade accounts receivable.

Credit risk with respect to trade accounts receivable was concentrated with five and three of the Company’s customers in 2017 and 2016, respectively. These customers accounted for approximately 74% and 41% of the Company’s outstanding trade accounts receivable at December 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively. The Company performs ongoing credit evaluations of its customers’ financial condition, uses credit insurance and requires collateral, such as letters of credit, to mitigate its credit risk. The deterioration of the financial condition of one or more of its major customers could adversely impact the Company’s operations. From time to time where the Company determines that circumstances warrant, such as when a customer agrees to commit to a large blanket purchase order, the Company extends payment terms beyond its standard payment terms.

During the year ended December 31, 2017, one customer represented approximately 34% and one customer represented approximately 13% of the Company’s net sales. During the year ended December 31, 2016, one customer represented approximately 17% and one customer represented approximately 15% of the Company’s net sales. At December 31, 2017, one customer represented approximately 26%, one customer represented approximately 19% and two customers each represented approximately 10% of the Company’s net accounts receivable. At December 31, 2016, one customer represented approximately 19%, one customer represented approximately 12% and one customer represented approximately 10% of the Company’s net accounts receivable. The Company had sales outside the United States of approximately 7% and 3% in the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively. 

BLONDER TONGUE LABORATORIES, INC.

AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(in thousands, except per share data)

Note 10 – Stock Repurchase Program

On July 24, 2002, the Company commenced a stock repurchase program to acquire up to $300 of its outstanding common stock (the “2002 Program”). The stock repurchase was funded by a combination of the Company’s cash on hand and borrowings against its revolving line of credit. On February 13, 2007, the Company announced a new stock repurchase program to acquire up to an additional 100 shares of its outstanding common stock (the “2007 Program”). As of December 31, 2017, the Company can purchase up to $72 of its common stock under the 2002 Program and up to 100 shares of its common stock under the 2007 Program. The Company may, in its discretion, continue making purchases under the 2002 Program up to its limits, and thereafter to make purchases under the 2007 Program. During 2017 and 2016, the Company did not purchase any of its Common Stock under the 2002 Program or 2007 Program.

Note 11 – Executive Stock Purchase Plan

On June 16, 2014, the Company’s Board of Directors adopted the Executive Stock Purchase Plan (the “Plan”). The Plan allows executive officers of the Company to elect to purchase common stock of the Company in lieu of receiving a portion of their salary. The maximum number of shares of common stock that can be purchased by all participants, in the aggregate, pursuant to the Plan is 250 shares. The shares will be purchased directly from the Company at the fair market value of the Company’s common stock on the date of purchase (based on selling prices reported on NYSE American), which is the payroll date when the salary is withheld. As of December 31, 2017, approximately 13 shares were purchased under the Plan.

Note 12 – Preferred Stock

The Company is authorized to issue 5,000 shares of preferred stock with such designations, voting and other rights and preferences as may be determined from time to time by the Board of Directors. At December 31, 2017 and 2016, there were no outstanding preferred shares.

Note 13 – Equity Incentive Plans

In May 2016, the stockholders of the Company approved the 2016 Employee Equity Incentive Plan (the “2016 Employee Plan”), which authorized the Compensation Committee of the Board of Directors (the “Committee”) to grant a maximum of 1,000 shares of equity based and other performance based awards to executive officers and other key employees of the Company. The term of the 2016 Employee Plan expires on February 4, 2026. The Committee determines the recipients and the terms of the awards granted under the 2016 Employee Plan, including the type of awards, exercise price, number of shares subject to the award and the exercisability thereof. In May 2017, the stockholders of the Company approved an amendment to the 2016 Employee Plan to increase the annual individual award limits relating to stock options and stock appreciation rights from 100 to 250 shares of Common Stock.

In May 2005, the stockholders of the Company approved the 2005 Employee Equity Incentive Plan (the “Employee Plan”), which initially authorized the Compensation Committee of the Board of Directors (the “Committee”) to grant a maximum of 500 shares of equity based and other performance based awards to executive officers and other key employees of the Company. In May 2007, the stockholders of the Company approved an amendment to the Employee Plan to increase the maximum number of equity based and other performance awards to 1,100. In May 2010, the stockholders of the Company approved an amendment to the Employee Plan to increase the maximum number of equity based and other performance awards to 1,600. In May 2014, the stockholders of the Company approved the amendment and restatement of the Employee Plan to extend the term of the Employee Plan to February 7, 2024 and increase the maximum number of equity based and other performance awards to 2,600. The Committee determines the recipients and the terms of the awards granted under the Employee Plan, including the type of awards, exercise price, number of shares subject to the award and the exercisability thereof.

In May 2016, the stockholders of the Company approved the 2016 Director Equity Incentive Plan (the “2016 Director Plan”). The 2016 Director Plan authorizes the Board of Directors (the “Board”) to grant a maximum of 400 shares of equity based and other performance based awards to non-employee directors of the Company. The term of the 2016 Director Plan expires on February 4, 2026. The Board determines the recipients and the terms of the awards granted under the 2016 Director Plan, including the type of awards, exercise price, number of shares subject to the award and the exercisability thereof.

BLONDER TONGUE LABORATORIES, INC.

AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(in thousands, except per share data)

In May 2005, the stockholders of the Company approved the 2005 Director Equity Incentive Plan (the “Director Plan”). The Director Plan authorizes the Board of Directors (the “Board”) to grant a maximum of 200 shares of equity based and other performance based awards to non-employee directors of the Company. In May 2010, the stockholders of the Company approved an amendment to the Director Plan to increase the maximum number of equity based and other performance awards to 400. In May 2014, the stockholders of the Company approved the amendment and restatement of the Director Plan to extend the term of the Director Plan to February 7, 2024 and increase the maximum number of equity based and other performance awards to 600. The Board determines the recipients and the terms of the awards granted under the Director Plan, including the type of awards, exercise price, number of shares subject to the award and the exercisability thereof.

The Company issues performance based stock options to employees. The Company estimates the fair value of performance stock option awards using the Black-Scholes-Merton option pricing model. Compensation expense for stock option awards is amortized on a straight-line basis over the awards’ vesting period.

The expected term of the stock options represents the average period the stock options are expected to remain outstanding and is based on the expected term calculated using the approach prescribed by the Securities and Exchange Commission's Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 110 for “plain vanilla” options. The expected stock price volatility for the Company’s stock options was determined by using an average of the historical volatilities of the Company. The Company will continue to analyze the stock price volatility and expected term assumptions as more data for the Company’s common stock and exercise patterns become available. The risk-free interest rate assumption is based on the U.S. Treasury instruments whose term was consistent with the expected term of the Company’s stock options. The expected dividend assumption is based on the Company’s history and expectation of dividend payouts. The Company does not estimate forfeitures based on historical experience but rather reduces compensation expense when they occur.

The fair value of employee stock options is being amortized on a straight-line basis over the requisite service periods of the respective awards. The fair value of employee stock options was estimated using the following weighted-average assumptions:

The following table summarizes total stock-based compensation costs recognized for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016:

BLONDER TONGUE LABORATORIES, INC.

AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(in thousands, except per share data)

The following table summarizes information about stock-based awards outstanding under the various plans for the year ended December 31, 2017:

Stock options award activity for the year ended December 31, 2017 is as follows:

The aggregate intrinsic value of stock options is calculated as the difference between exercise price of the underlying stock options and the fair value of the Company’s common stock or $0.61 per share at December 31, 2017.

Restricted stock award activity is as follows:

BLONDER TONGUE LABORATORIES, INC.

AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(in thousands, except per share data)

The Company does not capitalize any cost associated with stock-based compensation.

The Company issues new shares of common stock (or reduces the amount of treasury stock) upon exercise of stock options or release of restricted stock awards.

In August 2012, the Company issued a warrant to purchase 100 shares of common stock of the Company to Adaptive Micro-Ware, Inc., an Indiana corporation (“AMW”). The warrant was granted as partial consideration in connection with a commercial licensing and manufacturing agreement between the Company and AMW. The warrant is exercisable at $1.09 per share, and the warrant vested one-third (1/3) on May 23, 2013, one-third (1/3) on May 23, 2014 and one-third (1/3) on May 23, 2015. The fair value of the warrant was not deemed to be material.

Note 14 - Income Taxes

On December 22, 2017, the 2017 Tax Cut and Jobs Act (the “Act”) was enacted into law and the new legislation contains several key tax provisions, including a one-time mandatory transition tax on undistributed foreign earnings and a reduction of the corporate income tax rate to 21% effective January 1, 2018, among others. The Company is required to recognize the effect of the tax law changes in the period of enactment, such as determining the estimated transition tax, re-measuring its U.S. deferred tax assets and liabilities at a 21% rate as well as reassessing the net realizability of its deferred tax assets and liabilities. The onetime transition tax does not apply to the Company as it does not have any undistributed foreign earnings. The provisional amount related to the re-measurement of its net deferred tax balance is a reduction of approximately $4,100 with an offsetting adjustment to the valuation allowance, resulting in a benefit of $18 recorded in provision (benefit) for income taxes on the accompanying consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss).

On December 22, 2017, the SEC Staff issued Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 118 (“SAB 118”) to address the application of ASC Topic 740 in situations when a registrant does not have the necessary information available, prepared, or analyzed in reasonable detail to complete the accounting for certain income tax effects of the Act.  The Company is complete with its accounting for the effects of the Act, however, as additional guidance and interpretation may be issued by the U.S. Treasury Department, the IRS and other standard setting bodies, the Company may be required to make adjustment to the above provisional amount in 2018.

The following summarizes the provision (benefit) for income taxes for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016:

The provision (benefit) for income taxes differs from the amounts computed by applying the applicable Federal statutory rates due to the following for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016:

BLONDER TONGUE LABORATORIES, INC.

AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(in thousands, except per share data)

Significant components of the Company’s deferred tax assets and liabilities are as follows: