BRIGHTCOVE INC - Quarter Report: 2016 March (Form 10-Q)

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UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

(Mark One)

For the quarterly period ended March 31, 2016

OR

For the transition period from                      to                      

Commission File Number: 001-35429

BRIGHTCOVE INC.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

290 Congress Street

Boston, MA 02210

(Address of principal executive offices)

(888) 882-1880

(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.    Yes  x    No  ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files).    Yes  x    No  ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer” and “smaller reporting company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).    Yes  ¨    No  x

As of April 25, 2016 there were 32,767,729 shares of the registrant’s common stock, $0.001 par value per share, outstanding.

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BRIGHTCOVE INC.

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PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION

ITEM 1. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Brightcove Inc.

Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets

(unaudited)

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

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Brightcove Inc.

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations

(unaudited)

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

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Brightcove Inc.

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Loss

(unaudited)

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

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Brightcove Inc.

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows

(unaudited)

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

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Brightcove Inc.

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

(unaudited)

(in thousands, except share and per share data, unless otherwise noted)

1. Business Description and Basis of Presentation

Business Description

Brightcove Inc. (the Company) is a leading global provider of cloud services for video which enable its customers to publish and distribute video to Internet-connected devices quickly, easily and in a cost-effective and high-quality manner.

The Company is headquartered in Boston, Massachusetts and was incorporated in the state of Delaware on August 24, 2004. At March 31, 2016, the Company had nine wholly-owned subsidiaries: Brightcove UK Ltd, Brightcove Singapore Pte. Ltd., Brightcove Korea, Brightcove Australia Pty Ltd, Brightcove Holdings, Inc., Brightcove Kabushiki Kaisha (Brightcove KK), Zencoder Inc. (Zencoder), Brightcove FZ-LLC, and Cacti Acquisition LLC.

On March 10, 2016, the Company purchased an intangible asset for $300 plus a contingent amount of up to an additional $250, which will be determined on the 90^th day following the closing date. The useful life of the intangible asset was determined to be three years. As of March 31, 2016, the net carrying value of the intangible asset is $294.

Basis of Presentation

The accompanying interim condensed consolidated financial statements are unaudited. These condensed consolidated financial statements and notes should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements and related notes, together with Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations, contained in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2015.

The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared pursuant to the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission. Accordingly, certain information and footnote disclosures normally included in financial statements prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States have been condensed or omitted pursuant to such rules and regulations. In the opinion of management, the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements and notes have been prepared on the same basis as the audited consolidated financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2015 contained in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K and include all adjustments, consisting of normal recurring adjustments, necessary for a fair presentation of the Company’s financial position for the three months ended March 31, 2016 and 2015. These interim periods are not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected for any other interim period or the full year.

The Company considers events or transactions that occur after the balance sheet date but prior to the issuance of the financial statements to provide additional evidence for certain estimates or to identify matters that require additional disclosure. Subsequent events have been evaluated as required. The Company has evaluated all subsequent events and determined that there are no material recognized or unrecognized subsequent events requiring disclosure, other than those disclosed in this Report on Form 10-Q.

The accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements reflect the application of certain significant accounting policies as described below and elsewhere in these notes to the condensed consolidated financial statements. As of March 31, 2016, the Company’s significant accounting policies and estimates, which are detailed in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2015, have not changed.

2. Concentration of Credit Risk

The Company has no significant off-balance sheet risk, such as foreign exchange contracts, option contracts or other foreign hedging arrangements. Financial instruments that potentially expose the Company to concentrations of credit risk consist primarily of cash, cash equivalents and trade accounts receivable. The Company maintains its cash and cash equivalents principally with accredited financial institutions of high credit standing. Although the Company deposits its cash with multiple financial institutions, its deposits, at times, may exceed federally insured limits. The Company routinely assesses the creditworthiness of its customers. The Company generally has not experienced any material losses related to receivables from individual customers, or groups of customers. The Company does not require collateral. Due to these factors, no additional credit risk beyond amounts provided for collection losses is believed by management to be probable in the Company’s accounts receivable.

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At March 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015, no individual customer accounted for 10% or more of net accounts receivable. For the three months ended March 31, 2016 and 2015, no individual customer accounted for 10% or more of total revenue.

3. Concentration of Other Risks

The Company is dependent on certain content delivery network providers who provide digital media delivery functionality enabling the Company’s on-demand application service to function as intended for the Company’s customers and ultimate end-users. The disruption of these services could have a material adverse effect on the Company’s business, financial position, and results of operations.

4. Cash and Cash Equivalents

The Company considers all highly liquid investments with an original maturity of three months or less at the date of purchase to be cash equivalents. Management determines the appropriate classification of investments at the time of purchase, and re-evaluates such determination at each balance sheet date. The Company did not have any short-term or long-term investments at March 31, 2016 or December 31, 2015.

Cash and cash equivalents primarily consist of cash on deposit with banks and amounts held in interest-bearing money market accounts. Cash equivalents are carried at cost, which approximates their fair market value.

Cash and cash equivalents as of March 31, 2016 consist of the following:

Cash and cash equivalents as of December 31, 2015 consist of the following:

5. Net Loss per Share

The following potentially dilutive common stock equivalent shares have been excluded from the computation of weighted-average shares outstanding as their effect would have been anti-dilutive (in thousands):

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6. Fair Value of Financial Instruments

The following tables set forth the Company’s financial instruments carried at fair value using the lowest level of input as of March 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015:

7. Stock-based Compensation

The fair value of stock options granted was estimated at the date of grant using the following weighted-average assumptions:

The Company recorded stock-based compensation expense of $1,459 and $1,453 for the three months ended March 31, 2016 and 2015, respectively. As of March 31, 2016, there was $11,368 of unrecognized stock-based compensation expense related to stock-based awards that is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of 2.77 years. The following is a summary of the status of the Company’s stock options as of March 31, 2016 and the stock option activity during the three months ended March 31, 2016.

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The following table summarizes the restricted stock unit activity during the three months ended March 31, 2016:

8. Income Taxes

For the three months ended March 31, 2016 and 2015, the Company recorded income tax expense of $45 and $66, respectively. The income tax expense relates principally to the Company’s foreign operations.

The Company has evaluated the positive and negative evidence bearing upon the realizability of its U.S. net deferred tax assets. As required by the provisions of Accounting Standards Codification (ASC) 740, Income Taxes, management has determined that it is more-likely-than-not that the Company will not utilize the benefits of federal and state U.S. net deferred tax assets for financial reporting purposes. Accordingly, the net deferred tax assets are subject to a valuation allowance at March 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015. The Company’s income tax return reporting periods since December 31, 2012 are open to income tax audit examination by the federal and state tax authorities. In addition, because the Company has net operating loss carryforwards, the Internal Revenue Service is permitted to audit earlier years and propose adjustments up to the amount of net operating losses generated in those years. There are currently no federal, state or foreign audits in progress.

9. Commitments and Contingencies

Legal Matters

The Company, from time to time, is party to litigation arising in the ordinary course of business. Management does not believe that the outcome of these claims will have a material adverse effect on the consolidated financial position, results of operations or cash flows of the Company based on the status of proceedings at this time.

On August 27, 2012, a complaint was filed by Blue Spike, LLC naming the Company in a patent infringement case (Blue Spike, LLC v. Audible Magic Corporation, et al., United States District Court for the Eastern District of Texas). The complaint alleges that the Company has infringed U.S. Patent No. 7,346,472 with a listed issue date of March 18, 2008, entitled “Method and Device for Monitoring and Analyzing Signals,” U.S. Patent No. 7,660,700 with a listed issue date of February 9, 2010, entitled “Method and Device for Monitoring and Analyzing Signals,” U.S. Patent No. 7,949,494 with a listed issue date of May 24, 2011, entitled “Method and Device for Monitoring and Analyzing Signals” and U.S. Patent No. 8,214,175 with a listed issue date of July 3, 2012, entitled “Method and Device for Monitoring and Analyzing Signals.” The complaint seeks an injunction enjoining infringement, damages and pre- and post-judgment costs and interest. The Company answered and filed counterclaims against Blue Spike on December 3, 2012. The Company amended its answer and counterclaims on July 15, 2013. This complaint is subject to indemnification by one of the Company’s vendors. The Company cannot yet determine whether it is probable that a loss will be incurred in connection with this complaint, nor can the Company reasonably estimate the potential loss, if any.

Guarantees and Indemnification Obligations

The Company typically enters into indemnification agreements in the ordinary course of business. Pursuant to these agreements, the Company indemnifies and agrees to reimburse the indemnified party for losses and costs incurred by the indemnified party, generally the Company’s customers, in connection with patent, copyright, trade secret, or other intellectual property or personal right infringement claim by third parties with respect to the Company’s technology. The term of these indemnification agreements is generally perpetual after execution of the agreement. Based on when customers first subscribe for the Company’s service, the maximum potential amount of future payments the Company could be required to make under certain of these indemnification agreements is unlimited, however, more recently the Company has typically limited the maximum potential value of such potential future payments in relation to the value of the contract. Based on historical experience and information known as of March 31, 2016, the Company has not incurred any costs for the above guarantees and indemnities. The Company has received requests for indemnification from customers in connection with patent infringement suits brought against the customer by a third party. To date, the Company has not agreed that the requested indemnification is required by the Company’s contract with any such customer.

In certain circumstances, the Company warrants that its products and services will perform in all material respects in accordance with its standard published specification documentation in effect at the time of delivery of the licensed products and services to the customer for the warranty period of the product or service. To date, the Company has not incurred significant expense under its warranties and, as a result, the Company believes the estimated fair value of these agreements is immaterial.

10. Debt

On November 19, 2015, the Company entered into an amended and restated loan and security agreement with a lender (the “Loan Agreement”) providing for up to a $20.0 million asset based line of credit (the “Line of Credit”). Under the Line of Credit, the Company can borrow up to $20.0 million. Borrowings under the Line of Credit are secured by substantially all of the Company’s assets, excluding our

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intellectual property. Outstanding amounts under the Line of Credit accrue interest at a rate equal to the prime rate or the LIBOR rate plus 2.5%. Under the Loan Agreement, the Company must comply with certain financial covenants, including maintaining a minimum asset coverage ratio. If the outstanding principal during any month is at least $15.0 million, the Company must also maintain a minimum net income threshold based on non-GAAP operating measures. Failure to comply with these covenants, or the occurrence of an event of default, could permit the lender under the Line of Credit to declare all amounts borrowed under the Line of Credit, together with accrued interest and fees, to be immediately due and payable. The Company was in compliance with all covenants under the Line of Credit as of March 31, 2016.

On December 31, 2015, the Company entered into an equipment financing agreement with a lender (the “December 2015 Equipment Financing Agreement”) to finance the purchase of $604 in computer equipment. In February 2016, the Company drew down $604 under the December 2015 Equipment Financing Agreement, and the liability was recorded at fair value using a market interest rate. The Company is repaying its obligation over a two year period through January 2018, and the amount outstanding was $556 as of March 31, 2016.

11. Segment Information

Geographic Data

Total revenue from unaffiliated customers by geographic area, based on the location of the customer, was as follows:

North America is comprised of revenue from the United States, Canada and Mexico. During the three months ended March 31, 2016 and 2015, revenue from customers located in the United States was $21,663 and $19,007, respectively. During the three months ended March 31, 2016 and 2015, no other country contributed more than 10% of the Company’s total revenue.

As of March 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015, property and equipment at locations outside the U.S. was not material.

12. Recently Issued and Adopted Accounting Standards

In May 2014, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) and the International Accounting Standards Board jointly issued Accounting Standards Update (ASU) No. 2014-9, Revenue from Contracts with Customers, which clarifies the principles for recognizing revenue and develops a common revenue standard for GAAP and International Financial Reporting Standards. The core principle of the guidance is that an entity should recognize revenue to depict the transfer of promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the entity expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods and services. The ASU is effective for public entities for annual and interim periods beginning after December 15, 2017 and allows for either full retrospective or modified retrospective application, with early adoption not permitted. Accordingly, the standard is effective for the Company on January 1, 2018. The Company is currently evaluating the adoption method it will apply and the impact that this guidance will have on its financial statements and related disclosures. Early adoption is permitted, but not before the original public organization effective date (that is, annual periods beginning after December 15, 2016).

In August 2014, the FASB issued ASU No. 2014-15, Disclosure of Uncertainties about an Entity’s Ability to Continue as a Going Concern. ASU 2014-15 requires management to evaluate, at each annual or interim reporting period, whether there are conditions or events that exist that raise substantial doubt about an entity’s ability to continue as a going concern within one year after the date the financial statements are issued and provide related disclosures. ASU 2014-15 is effective for annual periods ending after December 15, 2016 and earlier application is permitted. The adoption of ASU 2014-15 is not expected to have a material effect on the Company’s consolidated financial statements or disclosures.

In March 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-09, Compensation—Stock Compensation (Topic 718): Improvements to Employee Share-Based Payment Accounting. ASU 2016-09 identifies areas for simplification involving several aspects of accounting for share based payments, including income tax consequences, classification of awards as either equity, or liabilities, an option to make a policy election to recognize gross share based compensation expense with actual forfeitures recognized as they occur as well as certain classification changes on the statement of cash flows. This guidance is effective for annual and interim reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2016, with early adoption permitted. The Company is currently assessing the impact that adopting ASU 2016-09 will have on its consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.

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In February 2016 the FASB issued ASU 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842), Amendments to the FASB Accounting Standards Codification, which replaces the existing guidance for leases. ASU 2016-02 requires the identification of arrangements that should be accounted for as leases by lessees. In general, for lease arrangements exceeding a twelve month term, these arrangements must now be recognized as assets and liabilities on the balance sheet of the lessee. Under ASU 2016-02, a right-of-use asset and lease obligation will be recorded for all leases, whether operating or financing, while the income statement will reflect lease expense for operating leases and amortization/interest expense for financing leases. The balance sheet amount recorded for existing leases at the date of adoption of ASU 2016-02 must be calculated using the applicable incremental borrowing rate at the date of adoption. In addition, ASU 2016-02 requires the use of the modified retrospective method, which will require adjustment to all comparative periods presented in the consolidated financial statements. This guidance is effective for annual and interim periods beginning after December 15, 2018 and requires retrospective application. The Company is currently assessing the impact that adopting ASU 2016-02 will have on its consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.

In April 2015, the FASB issued ASU 2015-05, Intangibles – Goodwill and Other – Internal-Use Software (Subtopic 350-40), Customer’s Accounting for Fees Paid in a Cloud Computing Arrangement. ASU 2015-05 provides guidance to customers about whether a cloud computing arrangement includes a software license. If a cloud computing arrangement includes a software license, then the customer should account for the software license element of the arrangement consistent with the acquisition of other software licenses. If a cloud computing arrangement does not include a software license, the customer should account for the arrangement as a service contract. The guidance will not change GAAP for a customer’s accounting for service contracts. The ASU aims to reduce complexity and diversity in practice. We adopted this standard on January 1, 2016 and the adoption did not have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.

In April 2015, the FASB, issued ASU 2015-03, Interest – Imputation of Interest (Subtopic 835-30), Simplifying the Presentation of Debt Issuance Costs, which provides that debt issuance costs related to a recognized debt liability be presented in the balance sheet as a direct reduction from the carrying amount of the related debt liability, rather than classifying the costs separately in the balance sheet as a deferred charge. The ASU aims to reduce complexity. We adopted this standard on January 1, 2016 and the adoption did not have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.

In February 2015, the FASB issued ASU 2015-02, Consolidation (Topic 810), Amendments to the Consolidation Analysis, which updated accounting guidance on consolidation requirements. This update changes the guidance with respect to the analysis that a reporting entity must perform to determine whether it should consolidate certain types of legal entities. This guidance is effective for annual periods, and interim periods within those annual periods, beginning after December 15, 2015, with early adoption permitted. We adopted this standard on January 1, 2016 and the adoption did not have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.

ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

The following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations should be read in conjunction with our condensed consolidated financial statements and related notes appearing elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2015.

Forward-Looking Statements

This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q contains “forward-looking statements” that involve risks and uncertainties, as well as assumptions that, if they never materialize or prove incorrect, could cause our results to differ materially from those expressed or implied by such forward-looking statements. The statements contained in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q that are not purely historical are forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or Securities Act, and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, or Exchange Act. Such forward-looking statements include any expectation of earnings, revenue or other financial items; any statements of the plans, strategies and objectives of management for future operations; factors that may affect our operating results; statements related to adding employees; statements related to future capital expenditures; statements related to future economic conditions or performance; statements as to industry trends and other matters that do not relate strictly to historical facts or statements of assumptions underlying any of the foregoing. Forward-looking statements are often identified by the use of words such as, but not limited to, “anticipate,” “believe,” “can,” “continue,” “could,” “estimate,” “expect,” “intend,” “may,” “will,” “plan,” “project,” “seek,” “should,” “target,” “will,” “would,” and similar expressions or variations intended to identify forward-looking statements. These statements are based on the beliefs and assumptions of our management based on information currently available to management. Such forward-looking statements are subject to risks, uncertainties and other important factors that could cause actual results and the timing of certain events to differ materially from future results expressed or implied by such forward-looking statements. Factors that could cause or contribute to such differences include, but are not limited to, those identified below, and those discussed in the section titled “Risk Factors” included in Item 1A of Part II of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2015 and the risks discussed in our other SEC filings. Furthermore, such forward-looking statements speak only as of the date of this report. Except as required by law, we undertake no obligation to update any forward-looking statements to reflect events or circumstances after the date of such statements.

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Company Overview

We are a leading global provider of cloud-based services for video. We were incorporated in Delaware in August 2004 and our headquarters are in Boston, Massachusetts. Our suite of products and services reduce the cost and complexity associated with publishing, distributing, measuring and monetizing video across devices.

Brightcove Video Cloud, or Video Cloud, our flagship product released in 2006, is the world’s leading online video platform. Video Cloud enables our customers to publish and distribute video to Internet-connected devices quickly, easily and in a cost-effective and high-quality manner. Brightcove Zencoder, or Zencoder, is a cloud-based video encoding service. Brightcove Once, or Once, is an innovative, cloud-based ad insertion and video stitching service that addresses the limitations of traditional online video ad insertion technology. Brightcove Gallery, or Gallery, is a cloud-based service that enables customers to create and publish video portals. Brightcove Perform, or Perform, is a cloud-based service for creating and managing video player experiences. Brightcove Video Marketing Suite, or Video Marketing Suite, is a comprehensive suite of video technologies designed to address the needs of marketers to drive awareness, engagement and conversion. Brightcove Lift, or Lift, released in October 2015, is a solution designed to defeat ad blockers, optimize ad delivery and deliver a premium TV-like viewing experience across connected platforms.

Our philosophy for the next few years will continue to be to invest in our product strategy and development, sales, and go-to-market to support our long-term revenue growth. We believe these investments will help us address some of the challenges facing our business such as demand for our products by existing customers and potential customers, rapid technological change in our industry, increased competition and resulting price sensitivity. These investments include support for the expansion of our infrastructure within our hosting facilities, the hiring of additional technical and sales personnel, the innovation of new features for existing products and the development of new products. We believe this strategy will help us retain our existing customers, increase our average annual subscription revenue per premium customer and lead to the acquisition of new customers. Additionally, we believe customer growth will enable us to achieve economies of scale which will reduce our cost of goods sold, research and development and general and administrative expenses as a percentage of total revenue.

As of March 31, 2016, we had 439 employees and 4,915 customers, of which 3,005 used our volume offerings and 1,910 used our premium offerings. As of March 31, 2015, we had 410 employees and 5,578 customers, of which 3,714 used our volume offerings and 1,864 used our premium offerings.

We generate revenue by offering our products to customers on a subscription-based, software as a service, or SaaS, model. Our revenue grew from $32.9 million in the three months ended March 31, 2015 to $36.3 million in the three months ended March 31, 2016, primarily as a result of continued adoption of Video Cloud across our customer base. Our consolidated net loss was $1.6 million and $2.8 million for the three months ended March 31, 2016 and 2015, respectively. Included in consolidated net loss for the three months ended March 31, 2016 was stock-based compensation expense and amortization of acquired intangible assets of $1.5 million and $765,000, respectively. Included in consolidated net loss for the three months ended March 31, 2015 was stock-based compensation expense and amortization of acquired intangible assets of $1.5 million and $790,000, respectively.

For the three months ended March 31, 2016 and 2015, our revenue derived from customers located outside North America was 37% and 38%, respectively. We expect the percentage of total net revenue derived from outside North America to increase in future periods as we continue to expand our international operations.

Key Metrics

We regularly review a number of metrics, including the following key metrics, to evaluate our business, measure our performance, identify trends affecting our business, formulate financial projections and make strategic decisions.

As of March 31, 2016, we had 4,915 customers, of which 3,005 used our volume offerings and 1,910 used our premium offerings. As of March 31, 2015, we had 5,578 customers, of which 3,714 used our volume offerings and 1,864 used our premium offerings. During 2013, we shifted our go-to-market focus and growth strategy to expanding our premium customer base, as we believe our premium customers represent a greater opportunity for our solutions. Volume customers decreased during 2014 and 2015 primarily due to our discontinuation of the promotional Video Cloud Express offering. As a result, we have experienced attrition of this base level offering without a corresponding addition of customers. We expect customers using our volume offerings to continue to decrease in 2016 as we continue to focus on the market for our premium solutions and adjust Video Cloud Express price levels.

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The following table includes our key metrics for the periods presented:

Components of Consolidated Statements of Operations

Revenue

Subscription and Support Revenue — We generate subscription and support revenue from the sale of our products.

Video Cloud is offered in two product lines. The first product line is comprised of our premium product editions, Pro and Enterprise. All Pro and Enterprise editions include functionality to publish and distribute video to Internet-connected devices. The Enterprise edition provides additional features and functionality such as a multi-account environment with consolidated billing, IP address filtering, the ability to produce live events with DVR functionality and advanced upload acceleration of content. Customer arrangements are typically one year contracts, which include a subscription to Video Cloud, basic support and a pre-determined amount of video streams, bandwidth, and managed content. We also offer gold support or platinum support to our premium customers for an additional fee, which includes extended phone support. The pricing for our premium editions is based on the number of users, accounts and usage, which is comprised of video streams, bandwidth and managed content. Should a customer’s usage exceed the contractual entitlements, the contract will provide the rate at which the customer must pay for actual usage above the contractual entitlements. The second product line is comprised of our volume product edition, which we refer to as our Express edition. Our Express edition targets small and medium-sized businesses, or SMBs. The Express edition provides customers with the same basic functionality that is offered in our premium product editions but has been designed for customers who have lower usage requirements and do not typically seek advanced features and functionality. We are discontinuing the lower level pricing options for the Express edition and expect the total number of customers using the Express edition to continue to decrease. Customers who purchase the Express edition generally enter into month-to-month agreements. Express customers are generally billed on a monthly basis and pay via a credit card.

Zencoder is offered to customers on a subscription basis, with either committed contracts or pay-as-you-go contracts. The pricing is based on usage, which is comprised of minutes of video processed. The committed contracts include a fixed number of minutes of video processed. Should a customer’s usage exceed the contractual entitlements, the contract will provide the rate at which the customer must pay for actual usage above the contractual entitlements. Customers of Zencoder on annual contracts are considered premium customers. Customers on month-to-month contracts, pay-as-you-go contracts, or contracts for a period of less than one year, are considered volume customers.

Once is offered to customers on a subscription basis, with varying levels of functionality, usage entitlements and support based on the size and complexity of a customer’s needs.

Gallery is offered to customers of our premium Video Cloud editions on a subscription basis. A customer’s usage of Gallery counts against the pre-determined amount of video streams, bandwidth and managed content included with their Video Cloud Pro or Enterprise contract. Should a customer’s usage exceed the contractual entitlements, the contract will provide the rate at which the customer must pay for actual usage above the contractual entitlements. We also offer gold support or platinum support to our Gallery customers for an additional fee, which includes extended phone support.

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Perform is offered to customers on a subscription basis. Customer arrangements are typically one-year contracts, which include a subscription to Perform, basic support and a pre-determined amount of video streams. We also offer gold support or platinum support to our Perform customers for an additional fee, which includes extended phone support. The pricing for Perform is based on the number of users, accounts and usage, which is comprised of video streams. Should a customer’s usage exceed the contractual entitlements, the contract will provide the rate at which the customer must pay for actual usage above the contractual entitlements.

Video Marketing Suite is offered to customers on a subscription basis. Customer arrangements are typically one-year contracts, which include a subscription to Video Cloud, the Video Cloud Live Module, Gallery, basic support and a pre-determined amount of video streams or plays, bandwidth and managed content. We also offer gold support or platinum support to our Video Marketing Suite customers for an additional fee, which includes extended phone support. The pricing for Video Marketing Suite is based on the number of users, accounts and usage, which is comprised of video streams or plays, bandwidth and managed content. Should a customer’s usage exceed the contractual entitlements, the contract will provide the rate at which the customer must pay for actual usage above the contractual entitlements.

Lift is offered to customers on a subscription basis. Customer arrangements are typically one year contracts, which include a subscription to Lift, basic support and a pre-determined amount of video streams. We also offer gold support or platinum support to our Lift customers for an additional fee, which includes extended phone support. The pricing for Lift is based on the number of users, accounts and usage, which is comprised of video streams. Should a customer’s usage exceed the contractual entitlements, the contract will provide the rate at which the customer must pay for actual usage above the contractual entitlements.

All Once, Gallery, Perform, Video Marketing Suite and Lift customers are considered premium customers.

Professional Services and Other Revenue — Professional services and other revenue consists of services such as implementation, software customizations and project management for customers who subscribe to our premium editions. These arrangements are priced either on a fixed fee basis with a portion due upon contract signing and the remainder due when the related services have been completed, or on a time and materials basis.

Cost of Revenue

Cost of subscription, support and professional services revenue primarily consists of costs related to supporting and hosting our product offerings and delivering our professional services. These costs include salaries, benefits, incentive compensation and stock-based compensation expense related to the management of our data centers, our customer support team and our professional services staff. In addition to these expenses, we incur third-party service provider costs such as data center and content delivery network, or CDN, expenses, allocated overhead, depreciation expense and amortization of capitalized internal-use software development costs and acquired intangible assets. We allocate overhead costs such as rent, utilities and supplies to all departments based on relative headcount. As such, general overhead expenses are reflected in cost of revenue in addition to each operating expense category.

The costs associated with providing professional services are significantly higher as a percentage of related revenue than the costs associated with delivering our subscription and support services due to the labor costs of providing professional services. As such, the implementation and professional services costs relating to an arrangement with a new customer are more significant than the costs to renew a customer’s subscription and support arrangement.

Cost of revenue increased in absolute dollars from the first three months of 2015 to the first three months of 2016. In future periods we expect our cost of revenue will increase in absolute dollars as our revenue increases. We also expect that cost of revenue as a percentage of revenue will decrease over time as we are able to achieve economies of scale in our business. However, cost of revenue as a percentage of revenue could fluctuate from period to period depending on the growth of our professional services business and any associated costs relating to the delivery of subscription services and the timing of significant expenditures. To the extent that our customer base grows, we intend to continue to invest additional resources in expanding the delivery capability of our products and other services. The timing of these additional expenses could affect our cost of revenue, both in terms of absolute dollars and as a percentage of revenue, in any particular quarterly or annual period.

Operating Expenses

We classify our operating expenses as follows:

Research and Development. Research and development expenses consist primarily of personnel and related expenses for our research and development staff, including salaries, benefits, incentive compensation and stock-based compensation, in addition to the costs associated with contractors and allocated overhead. We have focused our research and development efforts on expanding the functionality and scalability of our products and enhancing their ease of use, as well as creating new product offerings. We expect research and development expenses to increase in

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absolute dollars as we intend to continue to periodically release new features and functionality, expand our product offerings, continue the localization of our products in various languages, upgrade and extend our service offerings, and develop new technologies. Over the long term, we believe that research and development expenses as a percentage of revenue will decrease, but will vary depending upon the mix of revenue from new and existing products, features and functionality, as well as changes in the technology that our products must support, such as new operating systems or new Internet-connected devices.

Sales and Marketing. Sales and marketing expenses consist primarily of personnel and related expenses for our sales and marketing staff, including salaries, benefits, incentive compensation, commissions, stock-based compensation and travel costs, amortization of acquired intangible assets, in addition to costs associated with marketing and promotional events, corporate communications, advertising, other brand building and product marketing expenses and allocated overhead. Our sales and marketing expenses have increased in absolute dollars in each of the last three years. We intend to continue to invest in sales and marketing and increase the number of sales representatives to add new customers and expand the sale of our product offerings within our existing customer base, build brand awareness and sponsor additional marketing events. Accordingly, in future periods we expect sales and marketing expense to increase in absolute dollars and continue to be our most significant operating expense. Over the long term, we believe that sales and marketing expense as a percentage of revenue will decrease, but will vary depending upon the mix of revenue from new and existing customers and from small, medium-sized and enterprise customers, as well as changes in the productivity of our sales and marketing programs.

General and Administrative. General and administrative expenses consist primarily of personnel and related expenses for executive, legal, finance, information technology and human resources functions, including salaries, benefits, incentive compensation and stock-based compensation, in addition to the costs associated with professional fees, insurance premiums, other corporate expenses and allocated overhead. In future periods we expect general and administrative expenses to increase in absolute dollars as we continue to incur additional personnel and professional services costs in order to support the growth of our business. Over the long term, we believe that general and administrative expenses as a percentage of revenue will decrease.

Merger-related. Merger-related costs consisted of transaction expenses incurred as part of the Unicorn acquisition as well as costs associated with the retention of key employees of Unicorn. Approximately $1.5 million was required to be paid to retain certain key employees from the Unicorn acquisition. The period in which these services were performed varies by employee. Given that the retention amount was related to a future service requirement, the related expense was recorded as merger-related compensation expense in the consolidated statement of operations over the expected service period.

Other Expense

Other expense consists primarily of interest income earned on our cash, cash equivalents and investments, foreign exchange gains and losses, interest expense payable on our debt, loss on disposal of equipment and changes in the fair value of the warrants issued in connection with a line of credit.

Income Taxes

As part of the process of preparing our consolidated financial statements, we are required to estimate our taxes in each of the jurisdictions in which we operate. We account for income taxes in accordance with the asset and liability method. Under this method, deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized based on temporary differences between the financial reporting and income tax bases of assets and liabilities using statutory rates. In addition, this method requires a valuation allowance against net deferred tax assets if, based upon the available evidence, it is more likely than not that some or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. We have provided a valuation allowance against our existing net deferred tax assets at March 31, 2016, with the exception of the deferred tax assets related to Brightcove KK.

Stock-Based Compensation Expense

Our cost of revenue, research and development, sales and marketing, and general and administrative expenses include stock-based compensation expense. Stock-based compensation expense represents the fair value of outstanding stock options and restricted stock awards, which is recognized as expense over the respective stock option and restricted stock award service periods. For the three months ended March 31, 2016 and 2015, we recorded $1.5 million of stock-based compensation expense. We expect stock-based compensation expense to increase in absolute dollars in future periods.

Foreign Currency Translation

With regard to our international operations, we frequently enter into transactions in currencies other than the U.S. dollar. As a result, our revenue, expenses and cash flows are subject to fluctuations due to changes in foreign currency exchange rates, particularly changes in the euro, British pound, Australian dollar, and Japanese yen. For the three months ended March 31, 2016 and 2015, 40% and 42%, respectively, of our revenue was generated in locations outside the United States. For the three months ended March 31, 2016 and 2015, 28% of our revenue was in currencies other than the U.S. dollar, as were some of the associated expenses. In periods when the U.S. dollar declines in value as compared to the foreign currencies in which we conduct business, our foreign currency-based revenue and expenses generally increase in value when translated into U.S. dollars. We expect our foreign currency-based revenue to increase in absolute dollars and as a percentage of total revenue.

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Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

Our consolidated financial statements are prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States. The preparation of these financial statements requires us to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting periods. We base our estimates on historical experience and on various other assumptions that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. Our actual results may differ from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions.

We consider the assumptions and estimates associated with revenue recognition, allowance for doubtful accounts, software development costs, income taxes, business combinations, intangible assets, goodwill and stock-based compensation to be our critical accounting policies and estimates. There have been no material changes to our critical accounting policies since December 31, 2015.

For a detailed explanation of the judgments made in these areas, refer to “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2015, which we filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on February 26, 2016.

We believe that our significant accounting policies, which are more fully described in the notes to our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, have not materially changed from those described in the notes to our audited consolidated financial statements included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2015.

Results of Operations

The following tables set forth our results of operations for the periods presented. The data has been derived from the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements contained in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q which, in the opinion of our management, reflect all adjustments, consisting only of normal recurring adjustments, necessary to present fairly the financial position and results of operations for the interim periods presented. The period-to-period comparison of financial results is not necessarily indicative of future results. This information should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and notes thereto included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2015.

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Overview of Results of Operations for the Three Months Ended March 31, 2016 and 2015

Total revenue increased by 10%, or $3.4 million, in the three months ended March 31, 2016 compared to the three months ended March 31, 2015 due to both an increase in subscription and support revenue of 9%, or $2.8 million, and an increase in professional services and other revenue of 53%, or $565,000. The increase in subscription and support revenue resulted primarily from an increase in revenue from new and existing customers. In addition, our revenue from premium offerings grew by $3.8 million, or 13%, in the three months ended March 31, 2016 compared to the three months ended March 31, 2015. These increases are offset by a $567,000 reduction in revenue due to changes in foreign exchange rates compared to the exchange rates that were in effect during the three months ended March 31, 2015. Our ability to continue to provide the product functionality and performance that our customers require will be a major factor in our ability to continue to increase revenue.

Our gross profit increased by $1.7 million, or 8%, in the three months ended March 31, 2016 compared to the three months ended March 31, 2015, primarily due to an increase in revenue. Our ability to continue to maintain our overall gross profit will depend primarily on our ability to continue controlling our costs of delivery. Loss from operations was $1.5 million in the three months ended March 31, 2016 compared to $2.5 million in the three months ended March 31, 2015. Loss from operations in the three months ended March 31, 2016 included stock-based compensation expense and amortization of acquired intangible assets of $1.5 million and $765,000, respectively. Loss from operations in the three months ended March 31, 2015 included stock-based compensation expense and amortization of acquired intangible assets of $1.5 million and $790,000, respectively. We expect operating income to improve from increased sales to both new and existing customers and from improved efficiencies throughout our organization as we continue to grow and scale our operations.

As of March 31, 2016, we had $29.3 million of unrestricted cash and cash equivalents, an increase of $1.7 million from $27.6 million at December 31, 2015, due primarily to $3.0 million of cash provided by operating activities and $604,000 in proceeds from an equipment financing. These increases were offset by $843,000 in capital expenditures, $810,000 in capitalization on internal-use software costs and $278,000 in payments under capital lease obligations.

Revenue

During the three months ended March 31, 2016, revenue increased by $3.4 million, or 10%, compared to the three months ended March 31, 2015, primarily due to an increase in revenue from our premium offerings, which consist of subscription and support revenue, as well as professional services and other revenue. The increase in premium revenue of $3.8 million, or 13%, is partially the result of a 2% increase in the number of premium customers from 1,864 at March 31, 2015 to 1,910 at March 31, 2016 and a 10% increase in the average annual subscription revenue per premium customer during the three months ended March 31, 2016. These increases are offset by a $567,000 reduction in revenue due to changes in foreign exchange rates compared to the exchange rates that were in effect during the three months ended March 31, 2015. In the three months ended March 31, 2016, volume revenue decreased by $436,000, or 18%, compared to the three months ended March 31, 2015, as we continue to focus on the market for our premium solutions.

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In the three months ended March 31, 2016, subscription and support revenue increased by $2.8 million, or 9%, compared to the three months ended March 31, 2015. The increase was primarily related to the continued growth of our customer base for our premium offerings including sales to both new and existing customers and a 10% increase in the average annual subscription revenue per premium customer during the three months ended March 31, 2016. These increases are offset by a $567,000 reduction in revenue due to changes in foreign exchange rates compared to the exchange rates that were in effect during the three months ended March 31, 2015. In addition, professional services and other revenue increased by $565,000, or 53%. Professional services and other revenue will vary from period to period depending on the number of implementations and other projects that are in process.

For purposes of this section, we designate revenue by geographic regions based upon the locations of our customers. North America is comprised of revenue from the United States, Canada and Mexico. International is comprised of revenue from locations outside of North America. Depending on the timing of new customer contracts, revenue mix from a geographic region can vary from period to period.

In the three months ended March 31, 2016, total revenue for North America increased $2.6 million, or 13%, compared to the three months ended March 31, 2015. The increase in revenue for North America resulted primarily from an increase in subscription and support revenue from our premium offerings. In the three months ended March 31, 2016, total revenue outside of North America increased $815,000, or 7%, compared to the three months ended March 31, 2015. The increase in revenue from international regions is primarily related to an increase in revenue in Japan. This increase is offset by a decrease in sales in Europe combined with a reduction in revenue due to changes in foreign exchange rates compared to the exchange rates that were in effect during the three months ended March 31, 2015.

Cost of Revenue

In the three months ended March 31, 2016, cost of subscription and support revenue increased $1.3 million, or 13%, compared to the three months ended March 31, 2015. The increase resulted primarily from an increase in content delivery network expenses and network hosting services of $1.1 million and $585,000, respectively. These increases were offset by a decrease in depreciation expense of $384,000.

In the three months ended March 31, 2016, cost of professional services and other revenue increased $343,000, or 28%, compared to the three months ended March 31, 2015. The increase resulted primarily from an increase in contractor expenses of $350,000.

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Gross Profit

The overall gross profit percentage was 63% and 65% for the three months ended March 31, 2016 and 2015, respectively. Subscription and support gross profit increased $1.5 million, or 7%, compared to the three months ended March 31, 2015. Professional services and other gross profit increased $222,000, or 129% compared to the three months ended March 31, 2015. It is likely that gross profit, as a percentage of revenue, will fluctuate quarter by quarter due to the timing and mix of subscription and support revenue and professional services and other revenue, and the type, timing and duration of service required in delivering certain projects.

Operating Expenses

Research and Development. In the three months ended March 31, 2016, research and development expense decreased by $394,000, or 5%, compared to the three months ended March 31, 2015 primarily due to decreases in rent, travel, employee-related and contractor expenses of $119,000, $92,000, $70,000 and $54,000, respectively. In future periods, we expect that our research and development expense will increase in absolute dollars as we continue to add employees, develop new features and functionality for our products, introduce additional software solutions and expand our product and service offerings.

Sales and Marketing. In the three months ended March 31, 2016, sales and marketing expense increased by $1.7 million, or 16%, compared to the three months ended March 31, 2015 primarily due to increases in employee-related and commission expenses of $1.3 million and $439,000 respectively. We expect that our sales and marketing expense will increase in absolute dollars along with our revenue, as we continue to expand sales coverage and build brand awareness through what we believe are cost-effective channels. We expect that such increases may fluctuate from period to period, however, due to the timing of marketing programs.

General and Administrative. In the three months ended March 31, 2016, general and administrative expense decreased by 584,000, or 11%, compared to the three months ended March 31, 2015 primarily due to decreases in outside accounting and legal fees and employee- related expenses of $437,000 and $143,000, respectively. In future periods, we expect general and administrative expense will increase in absolute dollars as we add personnel and incur additional costs related to the growth of our business and operations.

Merger-related. In the three months ended March 31, 2016, merger-related expenses were relatively unchanged when compared to the three months ended March 31, 2015.

Other Expense, Net

nm – not meaningful

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In the three months ended March 31, 2016, interest income, net, increased by $25,000 compared to the corresponding period of the prior year. The increase is primarily due to a higher average cash balance as interest income is generated from the investment of our cash balances, less related bank fees.

The interest expense during the three months ended March 31, 2016 is primarily comprised of interest paid on capital leases and an equipment financing. The increase in other expense, net during the three months ended March 31, 2016 was primarily due to a decrease in foreign currency exchange losses of $175,000 upon collection of foreign denominated accounts receivable.

Provision for Income Taxes

In the three months ended March 31, 2016 and 2015, the provision for income taxes was primarily comprised of income tax expenses related to foreign jurisdictions.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

In connection with our initial public offering in February 2012, we received aggregate proceeds of approximately $58.8 million, including the proceeds from the underwriters’ exercise of their overallotment option, net of underwriters’ discounts and commissions, but before deducting offering expenses of approximately $4.3 million. Prior to our initial public offering, we funded our operations primarily through private placements of preferred and common stock, as well as through borrowings of $7.0 million under our bank credit facilities. In February 2012, we repaid the $7.0 million balance under our bank credit facilities. All of the preferred stock was converted into shares of our common stock in connection with our initial public offering.

Cash and cash equivalents.

Our cash and cash equivalents at March 31, 2016 were held for working capital purposes and were invested primarily in money market funds. We do not enter into investments for trading or speculative purposes. At March 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015, restricted cash was $201,000 and was held in certificates of deposit as collateral for letters of credit related to the contractual provisions of our corporate credit cards and the contractual provisions with a customer. At March 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015, we had $4.1 million and $5.2 million, respectively, of cash and cash equivalents held by subsidiaries in international locations, including subsidiaries located in Japan and the United Kingdom. It is our current intention to permanently reinvest unremitted earnings in such subsidiaries or to repatriate the earnings only when tax effective. We believe that our existing cash and cash equivalents will be sufficient to meet our anticipated working capital and capital expenditure needs over at least the next 12 months.

Accounts receivable, net.

Our accounts receivable balance fluctuates from period to period, which affects our cash flow from operating activities. The fluctuations vary depending on the timing of our billing activity, cash collections, and changes to our allowance for doubtful accounts. In many instances we receive cash payment from a customer prior to the time we are able to recognize revenue on a transaction. We record these payments as deferred revenue, which has a positive effect on our accounts receivable balances. We use days’ sales outstanding, or DSO, calculated on a quarterly basis, as a measurement of the quality and status of our receivables. We define DSO as (a) accounts receivable, net of allowance for doubtful accounts, divided by total revenue for the most recent quarter, multiplied by (b) the number of days in that quarter. DSO was 52 days at March 31, 2016 and 56 days at December 31, 2015.

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Cash flows provided by operating activities.

Cash provided by operating activities consists primarily of net loss adjusted for certain non-cash items including depreciation and amortization, stock-based compensation expense, the provision for bad debts and the effect of changes in working capital and other activities. Cash provided by operating activities during the three months ended March 31, 2016 was $3.0 million. The cash flow provided by operating activities primarily resulted from net non-cash charges of $3.6 million, cash provided by changes in our operating assets and liabilities of $1.0 million, partially offset by net losses of $1.6 million. Net non-cash expenses consisted of $2.0 million for depreciation and amortization expense and $1.5 million for stock-based compensation expense. Cash provided from changes in our operating assets and liabilities consisted primary of an increase in deferred revenue and accrued expenses of $2.9 million and $844,000, respectively, and a decrease in accounts receivable of $541,000. These inflows were offset in part by an increase in prepaid expenses and other current assets of $2.1 million and a decrease in accounts payable of $1.0 million.

Cash flows used in investing activities.

Cash used in investing activities during the three months ended March 31, 2016 was $1.8 million, consisting primarily of $843,000 in capital expenditures to support the business, $810,000 for the capitalization of internal-use software costs and $125,000 in cash paid for the purchase of an intangible asset.

Cash flows provided by (used in) financing activities

Cash provided by financing activities for the three months ended March 31, 2016 was $235,000, consisting of proceeds received from an equipment financing and the exercise of common stock options of $604,000 and $43,000, respectively, offset in part by payments under capital lease obligation, withholding tax on RSU vesting and equipment financing of $278,000, $86,000 and $48,000, respectively.

Credit facility borrowings

On November 19, 2015, we entered into an amended and restated loan and security agreement with a lender (the “Loan Agreement”) providing for up to a $20.0 million asset based line of credit (the “Line of Credit”). Under the Line of Credit, we can borrow up to $20.0 million. Borrowings under the Line of Credit are secured by substantially all of our assets, excluding our intellectual property. Outstanding amounts under the Line of Credit accrue interest at a rate equal to the prime rate or the LIBOR rate plus2.5%. Under the Loan Agreement, we must comply with certain financial covenants, including maintaining a minimum asset coverage ratio. If the outstanding principal during any month is at least $15.0 million, the Company must also maintain a minimum net income threshold based on non-GAAP operating measures. Failure to comply with these covenants, or the occurrence of an event of default, could permit the Lenders under the Line of Credit to declare all amounts borrowed under the Line of Credit, together with accrued interest and fees, to be immediately due and payable. We were in compliance with all covenants under the Line of Credit as of March 31, 2016.

On December 31, 2015, the Company entered into an equipment financing agreement with a lender (the “December 2015 Equipment Financing Agreement”) to finance the purchase of $604,000 in computer equipment. In February 2016, the Company drew down $604,000 under the December 2015 Equipment Financing Agreement, and the liability was recorded at fair value using a market interest rate. The Company is repaying its obligation over a two year period through January 2018, and the amount outstanding was $556,000 as of March 31, 2016.

Net operating loss carryforwards.

As of December 31, 2015, we had federal and state net operating losses of approximately $131.5 million and $48.0 million, respectively, which are available to offset future taxable income, if any, through 2035. Included in the federal and state net operating losses are deductions attributable to excess tax benefits from the exercise of non-qualified stock options of $12.3 million and $7.8 million, respectively. The tax benefits attributable to these net operating losses are credited directly to additional paid-in capital when realized. The Company has not realized any such tax benefits through December 31, 2015. We had federal and state research and development tax credits of $4.7 million and $2.9 million, respectively, which expire in various amounts through 2035. Our net operating loss and tax credit amounts are subject to annual limitations under Section 382 change of ownership rules of the U.S. Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended. We completed an assessment to determine whether there may have been a Section 382 ownership change and determined that it is more likely than not that our net operating and tax credit amounts as disclosed are not subject to any material Section 382 limitations.

In assessing our ability to utilize our net deferred tax assets, we considered whether it is more likely than not that some portion or all of our net deferred tax assets will not be realized. Based upon the level of our historical U.S. losses and future projections over the period in which the net deferred tax assets are deductible, at this time, we believe it is more likely than not that we will not realize the benefits of these deductible differences. Accordingly, we have provided a valuation allowance against our U.S. deferred tax assets as of March 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015.

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Contractual Obligations and Commitments

Our principal commitments consist primarily of obligations under our leases for our office space and contractual commitments for capital leases and equipment financing as well as content delivery network services, hosting and other support services. Other than these lease obligations and contractual commitments, we do not have commercial commitments under lines of credit, standby repurchase obligations or other such debt arrangements.

Our contractual obligations as of December 31, 2015 are summarized in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2015. In addition to the obligations outlined in our Annual Report on Form 10-K, we had $556,000 of equipment financing obligations as of March 31, 2016. The obligation under the December 2015 Equipment Financing Agreement is being repaid over a two year period through January 2018.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

For information on recent accounting pronouncements, see Recently Issued and Adopted Accounting Standards in the notes to the condensed consolidated financial statements appearing elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

We do not have any special purpose entities or off-balance sheet arrangements.

Anticipated Cash Flows

We expect to incur significant operating costs, particularly related to services delivery costs, sales and marketing and research and development, for the foreseeable future in order to execute our business plan. We anticipate that such operating costs, as well as planned capital expenditures will constitute a material use of our cash resources. As a result, our net cash flows will depend heavily on the level of future sales, changes in deferred revenue and our ability to manage infrastructure costs.

We believe our existing cash and cash equivalents will be sufficient to meet our working capital and capital expenditures for at least the next 12 months. Our future working capital requirements will depend on many factors, including the rate of our revenue growth, our introduction of new products and enhancements, and our expansion of sales and marketing and product development activities. To the extent that our cash and cash equivalents, short and long-term investments and cash flow from operating activities are insufficient to fund our future activities, we may need to raise additional funds through bank credit arrangements or public or private equity or debt financings. We also may need to raise additional funds in the event we determine in the future to acquire businesses, technologies and products that will complement our existing operations. In the event funding is required, we may not be able to obtain bank credit arrangements or equity or debt financing on terms acceptable to us or at all.

ITEM 3. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK

Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk

We have operations both within the United States and internationally, and we are exposed to market risks in the ordinary course of our business. These risks include primarily foreign exchange risks, interest rate and inflation.

Financial instruments

Financial instruments meeting fair value disclosure requirements consist of cash equivalents, accounts receivable and accounts payable. The fair value of these financial instruments approximates their carrying amount.

Foreign currency exchange risk

Our results of operations and cash flows are subject to fluctuations due to changes in foreign currency exchange rates, particularly changes in the euro, British pound, Australian dollar and Japanese yen. Except for revenue transactions in Japan, we enter into transactions directly with substantially all of our foreign customers.

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Percentage of revenues and expenses in foreign currency is as follows:

(1) Percentage of revenues and expenses denominated in foreign currency for the three months ended March 31, 2016 and 2015:

As of March 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015, we had $5.5 million and $5.4 million, respectively, of receivables denominated in currencies other than the U.S. dollar. We also maintain cash accounts denominated in currencies other than the local currency, which exposes us to foreign exchange rate movements.

In addition, although our foreign subsidiaries have intercompany accounts that are eliminated upon consolidation, these accounts expose us to foreign currency exchange rate fluctuations. Exchange rate fluctuations on short-term intercompany accounts are recorded in our consolidated statements of operations under “other income (expense), net”, while exchange rate fluctuations on long-term intercompany accounts are recorded in our consolidated balance sheets under “accumulated other comprehensive income” in stockholders’ equity, as they are considered part of our net investment and hence do not give rise to gains or losses.

Currently, our largest foreign currency exposures are the euro and British pound, primarily because our European operations have a higher proportion of our local currency denominated expenses. Relative to foreign currency exposures existing at March 31, 2016, a 10% unfavorable movement in foreign currency exchange rates would expose us to significant losses in earnings or cash flows or significantly diminish the fair value of our foreign currency financial instruments. For the three months ended March 31, 2016, we estimated that a 10% unfavorable movement in foreign currency exchange rates would have decreased revenues by $1.0 million, decreased expenses by $538,000 and decreased operating income by $462,000. The estimates used assume that all currencies move in the same direction at the same time and the ratio of non-U.S. dollar denominated revenue and expenses to U.S. dollar denominated revenue and expenses does not change from current levels. Since a portion of our revenue is deferred revenue that is recorded at different foreign currency exchange rates, the impact to revenue of a change in foreign currency exchange rates is recognized over time, and the impact to expenses is more immediate, as expenses are recognized at the current foreign currency exchange rate in effect at the time the expense is incurred. All of the potential changes noted above are based on sensitivity analyses performed on our financial results as of March 31, 2016 and 2015.

Interest rate risk

We had unrestricted cash and cash equivalents totaling $29.3 million at March 31, 2016. Cash and cash equivalents were invested primarily in money market funds and are held for working capital purposes. We do not use derivative financial instruments in our investment portfolio. Declines in interest rates, however, would reduce future interest income. We incurred $19,000 of interest expense during the three months ended March 31, 2016 related to interest paid on capital leases and an equipment financing. While we continue to incur interest expense in connection with our capital leases and equipment financing, the interest expense is fixed and not subject to changes in market interest rates. In the event that we borrow under our line of credit, which bears interest at the prime rate or the LIBOR rate plus the LIBOR rate margin, the related interest expense recorded would be subject to changes in the rate of interest.

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Inflation risk

We do not believe that inflation has had a material effect on our business, financial condition or results of operations. If our costs were to become subject to significant inflationary pressures, we may not be able to fully offset such higher costs through price increases. Our inability or failure to do so could harm our business, financial condition and results of operations.

ITEM 4. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

As of March 31, 2016, our management, with the participation of our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, evaluated the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Exchange Act. Management recognizes that any controls and procedures, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable assurance of achieving their objectives and management necessarily applies its judgment in evaluating the cost-benefit relationship of possible controls and procedures. Based upon that evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that, as of March 31, 2016, our disclosure controls and procedures were effective in ensuring that material information required to be disclosed by us in the reports that we file or submit under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the Securities and Exchange Commission’s rules and forms, including ensuring that such material information is accumulated by and communicated to our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.

Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting

There was no change in our internal control over financial reporting identified in connection with the evaluation required by Rule 13a-15(d) and 15d-15(d) of the Exchange Act that occurred during the period covered by this report that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

PART II. OTHER INFORMATION

ITEM 1. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS

On August 27, 2012, a complaint was filed by Blue Spike, LLC naming us in a patent infringement case (Blue Spike, LLC v. Audible Magic Corporation, et al., United States District Court for the Eastern District of Texas). The complaint alleges that we have infringed U.S. Patent No. 7,346,472 with a listed issue date of March 18, 2008, entitled “Method and Device for Monitoring and Analyzing Signals,” U.S. Patent No. 7,660,700 with a listed issue date of February 9, 2010, entitled “Method and Device for Monitoring and Analyzing Signals,” U.S. Patent No. 7,949,494 with a listed issue date of May 24, 2011, entitled “Method and Device for Monitoring and Analyzing Signals” and U.S. Patent No. 8,214,175 with a listed issue date of July 3, 2012, entitled “Method and Device for Monitoring and Analyzing Signals.” The complaint seeks an injunction enjoining infringement, damages and pre- and post-judgment costs and interest. We answered and filed counterclaims against Blue Spike on December 3, 2012. We amended our answer and counterclaims on July 15, 2013. This complaint is subject to indemnification by one of our vendors. We cannot yet determine whether it is probable that a loss will be incurred in connection with this complaint, nor can we reasonably estimate the potential loss, if any.

In addition, we are, from time to time, party to litigation arising in the ordinary course of our business. Management does not believe that the outcome of these claims will have a material adverse effect on our consolidated financial position, results of operations or cash flows based on the status of proceedings at this time.

ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS

You should carefully consider the risks described in our annual report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2015, under the heading “Part I — Item 1A. Risk Factors,” together with all of the other information in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. Our business, prospects, financial condition, or operating results could be harmed by any of these risks, as well as other risks not currently known to us or that we currently consider immaterial. If any of such risks and uncertainties actually occurs, our business, financial condition or operating results could differ materially from the plans, projections and other forward-looking statements included in the section titled “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” and elsewhere in this report and in our other public filings. The trading price of our common stock could decline due to any of these risks, and, as a result, you may lose all or part of your investment.

ITEM 5. OTHER INFORMATION

Our policy governing transactions in our securities by directors, officers and employees permits our officers, directors and certain other persons to enter into trading plans complying with Rule 10b5-1 under the Exchange Act. Generally, under these trading plans, the individual relinquishes control over the transactions once the trading plan is put into place. Accordingly, sales under these plans may occur at any time, including possibly before, simultaneously with, or immediately after significant events involving our company.

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We anticipate that, as permitted by Rule 10b5-1 and our policy governing transactions in our securities, some or all of our officers, directors and employees may establish trading plans in the future. We intend to disclose the names of executive officers and directors who establish a trading plan in compliance with Rule 10b5-1 and the requirements of our policy governing transactions in our securities in our future quarterly and annual reports on Form 10-Q and 10-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission. However, we undertake no obligation to update or revise the information provided herein, including for revision or termination of an established trading plan.

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ITEM 6. EXHIBITS

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SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

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