Builders FirstSource, Inc. - Quarter Report: 2016 September (Form 10-Q)

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

Form 10-Q

For the quarterly period ended September 30, 2016

OR

For the transition period from                 to                

Commission File Number 0-51357

BUILDERS FIRSTSOURCE, INC.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

(214) 880-3500

(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.    Yes  ☒    No  ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (Section 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files).     Yes  ☒    No  ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer” and “smaller reporting company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined by Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).    Yes  ☐    No  ☒

The number of shares of the issuer’s common stock, par value $0.01, outstanding as of November 1, 2016 was 111,538,162.

BUILDERS FIRSTSOURCE, INC.

Index to Form 10-Q

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PART I  — FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1. Financial Statements (unaudited)

BUILDERS FIRSTSOURCE, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS AND COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS)

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

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BUILDERS FIRSTSOURCE, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

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BUILDERS FIRSTSOURCE, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

Supplemental disclosure of non-cash activities

For the nine months ended September 30, 2016 and 2015 the Company retired assets subject to lease finance obligations of $34.4 million and $1.4 million and extinguished the related lease finance obligation of $39.4 million and $1.5 million, respectively.

The company purchased equipment which was financed through capital lease obligations of $8.0 million and $0.7 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2016 and 2015, respectively.

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

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BUILDERS FIRSTSOURCE, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(unaudited)

1. Basis of Presentation

Builders FirstSource, Inc., a Delaware corporation formed in 1998, is a leading supplier of building materials, manufactured components and construction services to professional contractors, sub-contractors, and consumers.  Following our acquisition of ProBuild Holdings LLC (“ProBuild”) in July 2015, the company operates 400 locations in 40 states across the United States. In this quarterly report, references to the “Company,” “we,” “our,” “ours” or “us” refer to Builders FirstSource, Inc. and its consolidated subsidiaries (including ProBuild as of July 31, 2015), unless otherwise stated or the context otherwise requires.

In the opinion of management, the accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements include all recurring adjustments and normal accruals necessary for a fair statement of the Company’s financial position, results of operations and cash flows for the dates and periods presented. Results for interim periods are not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected during the remainder of the current year or for any future period. All significant intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.

The condensed consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2015 is derived from the audited consolidated financial statements but does not include all disclosures required by accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. This condensed consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2015 and the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements included herein should be read in conjunction with the more detailed audited consolidated financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2015 included in our most recent annual report on Form 10-K. Accounting policies used in the preparation of these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements are consistent with the accounting policies described in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included in our Form 10-K.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

In August 2016, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued an update to the existing guidance under the Statement of Cash Flows topic. This update clarifies the classification of certain transactions in the statement of cash flows. This update requires application using a retrospective transition method. This update is effective for public companies for annual and interim reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2017. Early adoption is permitted, provided that all of the amendments in this update are adopted in the same period. We are currently evaluating the impact of this guidance on our financial statements.

In March 2016, the FASB issued an update to the existing guidance under the Compensation-Stock Compensation topic. This update simplifies several aspects of accounting for stock compensation including accounting for income taxes, classification of awards as liabilities or equity, forfeitures and classification on the statement of cash flows. This update is effective for public companies for annual and interim reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2016. Early adoption is permitted with adjustments reflected as of the beginning of the fiscal year of adoption. The various aspects of this guidance require prospective, retrospective, or modified retrospective application. We are currently evaluating the impact of this guidance on our financial statements.

In February 2016, the FASB issued an update to the existing guidance under Leases topic. Under the new guidance, lessees will be required to recognize the following for all leases, with the exception of short-term leases, at the commencement date: (1) a lease liability, which is a lessee‘s obligation to make lease payments arising from a lease, measured on a discounted basis; and (2) a right-of-use asset, which is an asset that represents the lessee’s right to use, or control the use of, a specified asset for the lease term. This update requires a modified retrospective transition as of the beginning of the earliest comparative period presented in the financial statements. This update is effective for public companies for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, including interim periods within those fiscal years, with early adoption permitted. We are currently evaluating the impact of this guidance on our financial statements.

In July 2015 the FASB issued an update to the existing guidance under the Inventory topic of the Codification. This update changes the subsequent measurement of inventory from lower of cost or market to lower of cost and net realizable value. This guidance is effective for interim and annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2016. Early adoption of this guidance is permitted as of the beginning of an interim or annual reporting period. This guidance requires prospective application. We do not expect the adoption of this guidance to have an impact on our financial statements.

In August 2014, the FASB issued an update to the existing guidance under the Presentation of Financial Statements topic of the Codification. This update requires management to perform interim and annual assessments on whether there are conditions or events that raise substantial doubt about the entity’s ability to continue as a going concern within one year of the date the financial statements

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are issued and to provide related disclosures, if required. This new guidance is effective for the annual period ending after December 15, 2016, and for annual and interim periods thereafter. Early adoption is permitted, but not required. We do not expect the adoption of this guidance to have an impact on our financial statements.

In May 2014, the FASB issued an update to the existing guidance under the Revenue Recognition topic of the Codification which is a comprehensive new revenue recognition model requiring a company to recognize revenue to depict the transfer of promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the entity expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services.  This new guidance was originally effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2016. However, in July 2015 the FASB approved an optional one year deferral of the effective date to annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2017.  As such, this guidance will be effective for us beginning on January 1, 2018. Early adoption is permitted; however, this guidance cannot be adopted earlier than the original effective date. This guidance allows either full retrospective or modified retrospective methods of adoption. Subsequent to issuance of the original update the FASB issued several updates amending this new guidance. In April 2016, the FASB issued an update clarifying issues related to identifying performance obligations and licensing. In May 2016, the FASB issued an update regarding the assessment of collectability criteria, presentation of sales taxes, measurement of noncash consideration and transition guidance for completed contracts and contract modifications. While we are still evaluating the impact of these updates on our financial statements, we anticipate this guidance will primarily impact our contracts with service elements and certain classifications within the statement of operations.

2. Acquisitions

ProBuild Acquisition

On July 31, 2015, we acquired all of the operating affiliates of ProBuild through the purchase of all issued and outstanding equity interests of ProBuild for $1.63 billion in cash, subject to certain adjustments. The purchase price was funded by the net proceeds received from concurrent financing transactions. Previously headquartered in Denver, Colorado, ProBuild is one of the nation’s largest professional building materials suppliers. As a result of the ProBuild acquisition, the Company has a greater diversification of products and services and a significantly expanded geographic footprint.

The ProBuild acquisition was accounted for by the acquisition method, and accordingly the results of operations were included in the Company’s consolidated financial statements from the acquisition date. The purchase price was allocated to the assets acquired based on estimated fair values at the acquisition date, with the excess of purchase price over the estimated fair value of the net assets acquired recorded as goodwill. All final purchase accounting adjustments related to this acquisition, which primarily reflect the final purchase price allocations and other revisions to the methodology and assumptions associated with the intangible asset valuations, have been recorded as of December 31, 2015. The fair value of acquired intangible assets of $184.5 million, primarily related to tradenames, customer relationships and lease contract intangibles, was estimated by applying an income approach. That measure is based on significant Level 3 inputs not observable in the market. Key assumptions developed based on the Company’s historical experience, future projections and comparable market data include future cash flows, long-term growth rates, royalty rates, attrition rates and discount rates.

We incurred $8.8 million and $20.3 million in costs related to the acquisition of ProBuild during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2015, respectively. These costs include due diligence costs and transaction costs to complete the acquisition, and were recognized in selling, general and administrative expense in the accompanying condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss) for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2015. We did not incur any acquisition costs related to ProBuild during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2016.

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The following table summarizes the aggregate fair values of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed at the acquisition date for ProBuild, net of cash (in thousands):

All of the goodwill and intangible assets recognized from the ProBuild acquisitions are expected to be deductible for tax purposes, with the goodwill recognized from these acquisitions being amortized ratably over a 15 year period. The ProBuild acquisition was treated as an asset purchase for tax purposes.

The operating results of this acquisition have been included in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss) from the acquisition date through September 30, 2016. For the three months ended September 30, 2016, net sales and net income attributable to ProBuild were approximately $1,256.9 million and $69.3 million, respectively. For the nine months ended September 30, 2016, net sales and net income attributable to ProBuild were approximately $3,429.0 million and $131.4 million, respectively. Net sales and net income attributable to ProBuild were $811.9 million and $24.8 million, respectively, for the period of August 1, 2015 through September 30, 2015. Net income attributable to ProBuild does not include an allocation of the additional interest expense incurred by the Company as a result of the ProBuild acquisition financing transactions.

The following table reflects the unaudited pro forma operating results for the Company for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2015 which gives effect to the acquisition of ProBuild as if it had occurred on January 1, 2014. The pro forma results are based on assumptions that the Company believes are reasonable under the circumstances. The pro forma results are not necessarily indicative of future results. The pro forma financial information includes the historical results of the Company and ProBuild adjusted for certain items, which are described below, and does not include the effects of any synergies or cost reduction initiatives related to the acquisition of ProBuild.

Pro forma net income (loss) for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2015 reflects adjustments primarily related to depreciation and amortization, the conversion from last-in, first-out to first-in, first out inventory valuation, and interest expense. Pro forma net income (loss) was adjusted to exclude transaction-related expenses of $33.3 million ($22.8 million incurred by the Company and $10.5 million incurred by ProBuild) and $46.7 million ($34.4 million incurred by the Company and $12.3 million incurred by ProBuild) in the three and nine months ended September 30, 2015, respectively.

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Alaska Truss Acquisition

On May 13, 2016 the Company acquired certain assets and the operations of Alaska Truss Manufacturing, LLC and ATM, LLC (collectively “Alaska Truss”) for cash of $4.0 million and $1.0 million of other consideration, subject to certain adjustments. Of the total consideration, $3.4 million was allocated to tangible assets acquired, primarily property, plant and equipment, $0.8 million was allocated to intangible assets and $0.8 million was allocated to goodwill.

Based in Chugiak, Alaska, Alaska Truss supplies roof trusses to both residential and commercial contractors throughout the greater Anchorage area. Acquisition costs related to Alaska Truss were not material in the three or nine months ended September 30, 2016. Pro forma results of operations are not presented as this acquisition is not material.

3. Net Income (Loss) per Common Share

Net income (loss) per common share (“EPS”) is calculated in accordance with the Earnings per Share topic of the FASB Accounting Standards Codification (“Codification”), which requires the presentation of basic and diluted EPS. Basic EPS is computed using the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period. Diluted EPS is computed using the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period, plus the dilutive effect of potential common shares.

Our restricted stock shares include rights to receive dividends that are not subject to the risk of forfeiture even if the underlying restricted stock shares on which the dividends were paid do not vest. In accordance with the Earnings per Share topic of the Codification, unvested share-based payment awards that contain non-forfeitable rights to dividends are deemed participating securities and should be considered in the calculation of basic EPS. Since the restricted stock shares do not include an obligation to share in losses, they will be included in our basic EPS calculation in periods of net income and excluded from our basic EPS calculation in periods of net loss. Accordingly, there were 13,000 restricted stock shares excluded from our calculation of basic EPS for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2015 as we generated a net loss. There were no outstanding restricted stock shares as of September 30, 2016.  

For the purpose of computing diluted EPS, weighted average shares outstanding have been adjusted for common shares underlying 3.5 million options and 2.1 million restricted stock units (“RSUs”) for the three months and nine months ended September 30, 2016. There were no outstanding warrants as of September 30, 2016 as all of the remaining stock warrants were exercised in the second quarter of 2015.

For the purpose of computing diluted EPS, options to purchase 5.5 million shares of common stock and 1.5 million RSUs were not included in the computations of diluted EPS for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2015 because their effect was anti-dilutive. Incremental shares attributable to average warrants outstanding during the nine months ended September 30, 2015 were not included in the computation of diluted EPS for the nine months ended September 30, 2015 as their effect was anti-dilutive. 

The table below presents a reconciliation of weighted average common shares used in the calculation of basic and diluted EPS (in thousands):  

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4. Debt

Long-term debt and lease obligations consisted of the following (in thousands):

2016 Debt Transactions

During the nine months ended September 30, 2016, the Company executed several debt transactions which are described in more detail below. These transactions include two debt exchanges, complete extinguishment of our 7.625% senior secured notes due 2021 (“2021 notes”), as well as repricing and partially repaying our $600.0 million term loan facility due 2022 (“2015 term loan”).  These transactions have extended our debt maturity profile and reduced our annual cash interest on a go forward basis.

Note Exchange Transactions

On February 12, 2016, we completed separate privately negotiated note exchange transactions in which $218.6 million in aggregate principal amount of our 10.75% senior unsecured notes due 2023 (“2023 notes”) was exchanged for $207.6 million in aggregate principal amount of our previously outstanding 2021 notes. On February 29, 2016, we completed additional separate privately negotiated note exchange transactions in which $63.8 million in aggregate principal amount of our 2023 notes was exchanged for $60.0 million in aggregate principal amount of our previously outstanding 2021 notes.

The note exchange transactions were considered to be debt extinguishments. As such, we recognized a net gain of $7.8 million which was recorded as an offset to interest expense in the accompanying condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss) for the nine months ended September 30, 2016. Of this $7.8 million gain, $14.8 million was attributable to the reduction in outstanding principal which was partially offset by the write-off of $7.0 million of unamortized debt issuance costs associated with the 2023 notes which were extinguished in the exchange transactions.

In connection with issuance of the 2021 notes in the exchange transactions, we incurred $4.9 million of various third-party fees and expenses. These costs were previously recorded as a reduction to long-term debt and were subsequently written off to interest expense in the third quarter of 2016 in connection with the extinguishment of the 2021 notes as described in the “2016 Refinancing Transactions” section below.

Note Redemption Transaction

In May 2016, the Company exercised its contractual right to redeem $35.0 million in aggregate principal amount of 2021 notes at a price of 103.0%, plus accrued and unpaid interest. The redemption transaction was considered to be a debt extinguishment. As such, we recognized a loss of $1.7 million which was recorded as a component of interest expense in the accompanying condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss) for the nine months ended September 30, 2016. Of this $1.7 million loss, $1.0 million was attributable to the payment of the redemption premium and $0.7 million was attributable to the write-off of unamortized debt issuance costs associated with the redeemed notes.

2016 Refinancing Transactions

In August 2016, we completed a private offering of $750.0 million in aggregate principal amount of 5.625% senior secured notes due 2024 (“2024 notes”) at an issue price equal to 100% of their face value. At the same time the Company also repriced its 2015 term loan. This repricing lowered the applicable margin to 3.75% in the case of Eurodollar loans and 2.75% in the case of base

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rate loans. This reduction represents a 1.25% decrease in the applicable margin for both Eurodollar and base rate loans. In connection with the repricing, the mandatory quarterly principal repayments were reduced from $1.375 million to $1.175 million. All other material terms of the 2015 term loan remain unchanged.

The proceeds from the issuance of the 2024 notes were used, together with cash on hand and borrowings on the $800.0 million senior secured revolving credit facility due 2020 (“2015 facility”), to fully redeem the $582.6 million in aggregate outstanding principal amount of 2021 notes, to pay down $125.9 million of the 2015 term loan and to pay related transaction fees and expenses.

The redemption of the 2021 notes was considered to be a debt extinguishment. As such, we recognized a loss of $43.9 million which was recorded as a component of interest expense in the accompanying condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss) for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2016. Of this $43.9 million loss, $33.3 million was attributable to the payment of the redemption premium and $10.6 million was attributable to the write-off of unamortized debt issuance costs associated with the redeemed notes. In addition, in connection with the repricing and pay down of the 2015 term loan we recognized $8.2 million in interest expense in the third quarter of 2016 related to the write-off of unamortized debt discount and debt issuance costs.

In connection with the issuance of the 2024 notes and the 2015 term loan repricing, we incurred approximately $12.0 million of various third-party fees and expenses. Of these costs $10.5 million were allocated to the 2024 notes and have been recorded as a reduction to long-term debt. These costs will be amortized over the contractual life of the 2024 notes using the effective interest method. The remaining $1.5 million in costs incurred were allocated to the 2015 term loan. Of this $1.5 million, $1.2 million was recorded to interest expense in the third quarter of 2016. The remaining $0.3 million of new third-party costs together with $10.9 million in remaining unamortized debt discount and debt issuance costs have been recorded as a reduction of long-term debt and will be amortized over the remaining contractual life of the 2015 term loan using the effective interest method.

Senior Secured Notes due 2024

As of September 30, 2016 we have $750.0 million outstanding in aggregate principal amount of the 2024 notes which mature on September 1, 2024. Interest accrues on the 2024 notes at a rate of 5.625% per annum and is payable semi-annually on March 1 and September 1 of each year, commencing on March 1, 2017.

The terms of the 2024 notes are governed by the indenture, dated as of August 22, 2016 (the “Indenture”), among the Company, the guarantors named therein (the “Guarantors”) and Wilmington Trust, National Association, as trustee (the “Trustee”) and notes collateral agent (the “Notes Collateral Agent”). The 2024 notes, subject to certain exceptions, are guaranteed, jointly and severally, on a senior secured basis, by certain of our direct and indirect wholly owned subsidiaries. All obligations under the 2024 notes, and the guarantees of those obligations, will be secured by substantially all of the assets of the Company and the Guarantors subject to certain exceptions and permitted liens, including a first-priority security interest in such assets that constitute Notes Collateral (as defined below) and a second-priority security interest in such assets that constitute ABL Collateral (as defined below).

“ABL Collateral” includes substantially all presently owned and after-acquired accounts, inventory, rights of an unpaid vendor with respect to inventory, deposit accounts, investment property, cash and cash equivalents, and instruments and chattel paper and general intangibles, books and records and documents related to and proceeds of each of the foregoing. “Notes Collateral” includes all collateral which is not ABL Collateral.

The ABL/Bond Intercreditor Agreement, dated as of May 29, 2013, among SunTrust Bank, as agent under the Company’s 2015 facility, the Wilmington Trust, National Association, the Company and the Guarantors, and the Pari Passu Intercreditor Agreement, dated as of July 31, 2015, among Deutsche Bank AG New York Branch, as term collateral agent under the Company’s 2015 term loan, Wilmington Trust, National Association, the Company and the Guarantors, in each case will be joined by the Notes Collateral Agent and together will govern all arrangements in respect of the priority of the security interests in the ABL Collateral and the Notes Collateral among the parties to the Indenture, the 2015 facility and the 2015 term loan. The 2024 notes constitute senior secured obligations of the Company and Guarantors, rank senior in right of payment to all future debt of the Company and Guarantors that is expressly subordinated in right of payment to the 2024 notes, and rank equally in right of payment with all existing and future liabilities of the Company and Guarantors that are not so subordinated, including the 2015 facility.

The Indenture contains restrictive covenants that limit the ability of the Company and its restricted subsidiaries to, among other things, incur additional debt or issue preferred stock; create liens; create restrictions on the Company’s subsidiaries’ ability to make payments to the Company; pay dividends and make other distributions in respect of the Company’s and its subsidiaries’ capital stock; make certain investments or certain other restricted payments; guarantee indebtedness; designate unrestricted subsidiaries; sell certain kinds of assets; enter into certain types of transactions with affiliates; and effect mergers and consolidations.

At any time prior to September 1, 2019, the Company may redeem the 2024 notes in whole or in part at a redemption price equal to 100% of the principal amount of the 2024 notes plus the “applicable premium” set forth in the Indenture. At any time on or

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after September 1, 2019, the Company may redeem the 2024 notes at the redemption prices set forth in the Indenture, plus accrued and unpaid interest, if any, to the redemption date. At any time and from time to time during the 36-month period following August 22, 2016 (“the Closing Date”), the Company may redeem up to 10% of the aggregate principal amount of the 2024 notes during each twelve-month period commencing on the Closing Date at a redemption price of 103% of the aggregate principal amount thereof plus accrued and unpaid interest to the redemption date. In addition, at any time prior to September 1, 2019, the Company may redeem up to 40% of the aggregate principal amount of the 2024 notes with the net cash proceeds of one or more equity offerings, as described in the Indenture, at a price equal to 105.625% of the principal amount thereof, plus accrued and unpaid interest, if any, to the redemption date. If the Company experiences certain change of control events, holders of the 2024 notes may require it to repurchase all or part of their 2024 notes at 101% of the principal amount thereof, plus accrued and unpaid interest, if any, to the repurchase date.

2015 Facility Borrowings

As of September 30, 2016, we have $89.0 million in borrowings outstanding under our $800.0 million senior secured revolving credit facility (“2015 facility”). During the first nine months of 2016, we borrowed $707.0 million, primarily related to the transactions described above, and repaid $678.0 million at a weighted average interest rate of 2.5%.

2015 Term Loan

As of September 30, 2016, we have $468.8 million in borrowings outstanding under our 2015 facility term loan at a weighted average interest rate of 5.9%. During the first nine months of 2016 we repaid $129.8 million of the 2015 term loan.

We were not in violation of any covenants or restrictions imposed by any of our debt agreements at September 30, 2016.

Fair Value

As of September 30, 2016 and December 31, 2015 the Company does not have any financial instruments which are measured at fair value on a recurring basis. We have elected to report the value of our 2023 notes, 2024 notes, and 2015 term loan at amortized cost. The fair values of the 2023 notes, the 2024 notes and the 2015 term loan at September 30, 2016 were approximately $541.2 million, $772.5 million and $471.2 million, respectively, and were determined using Level 2 inputs based on market prices.

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5. Employee Stock-Based Compensation

Time Based Restricted Stock Unit Grants

In the first quarter of 2016, our board of directors granted 625,000 RSUs to employees and eligible directors under our 2007 and 2014 Incentive Plans for which vesting is based on continuous employment over the requisite service period. 530,000 of the RSUs vest at 33% per year at each anniversary of the grant date over the next three years, 63,000 RSUs vest at 25% per year at each anniversary of the grant date over the next four years and 32,000 RSUs vest 100% at the first anniversary of the grant date. The weighted average grant date fair value for these RSUs was $10.52 per share, which was based on the closing stock price on the grant dates.

Performance and Service Condition Based Restricted Stock Unit Grants

In the first quarter of 2016, our board of directors granted 265,000 RSUs to employees under our 2014 Incentive Plan, which vest if the compound annual growth rate of the Company’s total sales in 2018 over 2015 exceeds a composite annual growth rate based on single-family housing starts, multi-family housing starts, and growth in repair and remodeling sales over the same period. Assuming continued employment and if the performance vesting condition is achieved, these awards will cliff vest on the third anniversary of the grant date. The weighted average grant date fair value for these RSUs was $10.96 per share, which was based on the closing stock price on the grant dates.

Market and Service Condition Based Restricted Stock Unit Grants

In the first quarter of 2016, our board of directors granted 265,000 RSUs to employees under our 2014 Incentive Plan for which vesting is contingent upon the Company’s total shareholder return exceeding that of the Company’s peer group over a three year measurement period. Assuming continued employment and if the market vesting condition is met, these awards will cliff vest on the third anniversary of the grant date. The weighted average grant date fair value for these RSUs was $7.58 per share, which was determined using the Monte Carlo simulation model using the following weighted average assumptions:

The expected volatilities are based on the historical volatilities of our common stock and the common stocks of the constituents of the Company’s peer group over the most recent period equal to the measurement period. The expected dividend yield is based on our history of not paying regular dividends in the past and our current intention to not pay regular dividends in the foreseeable future. The risk-free rate is based on the U.S. Treasury yield curve in effect at the time of grant and has a term equal to the measurement period.

Stock Option Grant

In the first quarter of 2016, our board of directors granted 63,000 stock options to employees under our 2014 Incentive Plan. All the awards vest at 25% per year at each anniversary of the grant date over four years. The exercise price for the options was $6.59 per share, which was the closing stock price on the grant date. The weighted average grant date fair value of the options was $3.71 and was determined using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model with the following weighted average assumptions:

The expected life represents the period of time the options are expected to be outstanding. We used the simplified method for determining the expected life assumption due to limited historical exercise experience on our stock options. The expected volatility is based on the historical volatility of our common stock over the most recent period equal to the expected life of the option. The expected dividend yield is based on our history of not paying regular dividends in the past and our current intention to not pay regular dividends in the foreseeable future. The risk-free rate is based on the U.S. Treasury yield curve in effect at the time of grant and has a term equal to the expected life of the options.

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6. Income Taxes

We evaluate our deferred tax assets on a quarterly basis to determine whether a valuation allowance is required. In accordance with the Income Taxes topic of the Codification we assess whether it is more likely than not that some or all of our deferred tax assets will not be realized. Significant judgment is required in estimating valuation allowances for deferred tax assets and in making this determination, we consider all available positive and negative evidence and make certain assumptions. The realization of a deferred tax asset ultimately depends on the existence of sufficient taxable income in the applicable carryback or carryforward periods. We consider nature, frequency, and severity of current and cumulative losses, as well as historical and forecasted financial results, the overall business environment, our industry's historic cyclicality, the reversal of existing deferred tax liabilities, and tax planning strategies in our assessment. Changes in our estimates of future taxable income and tax planning strategies will affect our estimate of the realization of the tax benefits of these tax carryforwards.  

We recorded a full valuation allowance in 2008 due to our cumulative three year loss position at that time, compounded by the negative industry-wide business trends and outlook. At December 31, 2015, we reported a valuation allowance of $136.5 million against our deferred income tax assets, representing a full valuation allowance against our net deferred income tax assets. Historically weak housing market conditions have contributed to our cumulative loss position for the past several years.  In the second quarter of 2016, we moved from a cumulative loss position over the previous three years to a cumulative income position for the first time since we established the full valuation allowance in 2008. Absent the effect of the Company’s debt refinance transaction, we continued that trend of profitability in the third quarter of 2016. With this positive historical evidence and the projection of future profitability resulting in taxable income, management determined that there was sufficient positive evidence to conclude that it is more likely than not that the valuation allowance should be released against our net federal and some state deferred tax assets, resulting in $128.6 million benefit being recognized in our provision for income taxes for the nine months ended September 30, 2016.

As of September 30, 2016, we have certain states where we are not currently projecting future taxable income levels that would be sufficient to utilize the carryover net operating losses and as such continue to maintain a partial valuation allowance against certain of these state deferred tax assets. We will continue to evaluate our projections of future taxable income related to these states to assess whether it is more likely than not that some or all of these state deferred tax assets will realizable in the future.

We recorded reductions to the valuation allowance of $117.6 million and $128.6 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2016, respectively against our net deferred tax assets as we released valuation allowances on our net deferred tax assets as noted above. We recorded net increases to the valuation allowance of $1.1 million and $2.9 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2015 against our net deferred tax assets as we generated net operating losses during those periods.  Our effective tax rate was 2,179.7% and (810.9%) for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2016, respectively. Our effective tax rate was (12.8%) and (8.7%) for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2015, respectively.  We have calculated the provision for income taxes during the third quarter interim reporting period by applying an estimate of the annual effective tax rate for the full fiscal year to “ordinary” income or loss (pretax income or loss excluding unusual or infrequently occurring discrete items) for the reporting period. We used a discrete effective tax rate method to calculate income tax expense for the first two quarters of 2016.

Section 382 of the Internal Revenue Code imposes annual limitations on the utilization of net operating loss (“NOL”) carryforwards, other tax carryforwards, and certain built-in losses upon an ownership change as defined under that section. In general terms, an ownership change may result from transactions that increase the aggregate ownership of certain stockholders in the Company’s stock by more than 50 percentage points over a three year testing period (“Section 382 Ownership Change”). If the Company were to experience a Section 382 Ownership Change, an annual limitation would be imposed on certain of the Company’s tax attributes, including NOL and capital loss carryforwards, and certain other losses, credits, deductions or tax basis.

We base our estimate of deferred tax assets and liabilities on current tax laws and rates. In certain cases, we also base our estimate on business plan forecasts and other expectations about future outcomes. Changes in existing tax laws or rates could affect our actual tax results, and future business results may affect the amount of our deferred tax liabilities or the valuation of our deferred tax assets over time. Due to uncertainties in the estimation process, particularly with respect to changes in facts and circumstances in future reporting periods, as well as the residential homebuilding industry’s cyclicality and sensitivity to changes in economic conditions, it is possible that actual results could differ from the estimates used in previous analyses.  

Accounting for deferred taxes is based upon estimates of future results. Differences between the anticipated and actual outcomes of these future results could have a material impact on our consolidated results of operations or financial position.

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7. Commitments and Contingencies

We are a party to various legal proceedings in the ordinary course of business. Although the ultimate disposition of these proceedings cannot be predicted with certainty, management believes the outcome of any claim that is pending or threatened, either individually or on a combined basis, will not have a material adverse effect on our consolidated financial position, cash flows or results of operations. However, there can be no assurances that future costs related to legal proceedings would not be material to our results of operations or liquidity for a particular period.

8. Segment and Product Information

We offer an integrated solution to our customers providing manufacturing, supply, and installation of a full range of structural and related building products.  We provide a wide variety of building products and services directly to homebuilder customers. We manufacture floor trusses, roof trusses, wall panels, stairs, millwork, windows, and doors. We also provide a full range of construction services. These product and service offerings are distributed across approximately 400 locations operating in 40 states across the United States, which were reorganized into nine geographical regions following the ProBuild acquisition.  Centralized financial and operational oversight, including resource allocation and assessment of performance on an income (loss) before income taxes basis, is performed by our CEO, whom we have determined to be our chief operating decision maker (“CODM”).    

As a result of the reorganization following the ProBuild acquisition, the Company has nine operating segments aligned with its nine geographical regions (Regions 1 through 9). While all of our operating segments have products, distribution methods and customers of a similar nature, certain of our operating segments have been aggregated due to also containing similar economic characteristics, resulting in the following composition of reportable segments:

In addition to our reportable segments, our consolidated results include corporate overhead, other various operating activities that are not internally allocated to a geographical region nor separately reported to the CODM, and certain reconciling items primarily related to allocations of corporate overhead and rent expense, which have collectively been presented as “All Other”.  The accounting policies of the segments are consistent with those referenced in Note 1, except for noted reconciling items.  

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The following tables present Net sales, income (loss) before income taxes and certain other measures for the reportable segments, reconciled to consolidated total continuing operations, for the periods indicated (in thousands):

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Asset information by segment is not reported internally or otherwise reviewed by the CODM nor does the Company earn revenues or have long-lived assets located in foreign countries.  The Company’s net sales by product category for the periods indicated were as follows (in thousands):

In the above presentation of the Company’s Net sales by product category, prior periods have been revised to reflect a categorization of the Company’s install material sales within the respective product categories. Install labor sales are reflected in the “Other building products & services” category.  The revised presentation of the Company’s prior quarterly periods is as follows (in thousands):

9. Related Party Transactions

Floyd F. Sherman, our chief executive officer, and Brett Milgrim, a member of the Company’s board of directors, serve on the board of directors for PGT, Inc. We purchased windows from PGT, Inc. totaling $3.3 million and $3.0 million for the three months ended September 30, 2016 and 2015 respectively. We purchased windows from PGT, Inc. totaling $8.0 million and $6.7 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2016 and 2015 respectively.  We had accounts payable to PGT, Inc. in the amounts of $1.5 million and $1.1 million as of September 30, 2016 and December 31, 2015, respectively.

Transactions between the Company and other related parties occur in the ordinary course of business. However, the Company carefully monitors and assesses related party relationships. Management does not believe that any of these transactions with related parties had a material impact on the Company’s results for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2016 and 2015.

10. Subsequent Event

In October 2016, we purchased $50.0 million in aggregate principal amount of our 2023 notes pursuant to the terms of a cash tender offer at a price of 117.0% of par value plus accrued and unpaid interest. The purchase of the 2023 notes was funded with cash on hand and borrowings under our 2015 facility. Following this transaction, we have $367.6 million in 2023 notes outstanding and $116.0 million in outstanding borrowings under our 2015 facility.  

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Item  2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

The following discussion of our financial condition and results of operations should be read in conjunction with the Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations and the consolidated financial statements and notes thereto for the year ended December 31, 2015 included in our most recent annual report on Form 10-K. The following discussion and analysis should also be read in conjunction with the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements appearing elsewhere in this report. In this quarterly report on Form 10-Q, references to the “company,” “we,” “our,” “ours” or “us” refer to Builders FirstSource, Inc. and its consolidated subsidiaries, including ProBuild Holdings LLC (“ProBuild”), as of July 31, 2015, unless otherwise stated or the context otherwise requires.

Cautionary Statement

Statements in this report and the schedules hereto that are not purely historical facts or that necessarily depend upon future events, including statements about expected market share gains, forecasted financial performance or other statements about anticipations, beliefs, expectations, hopes, intentions or strategies for the future, may be forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended.  Readers are cautioned not to place undue reliance on forward-looking statements. In addition, oral statements made by our directors, officers and employees to the investor and analyst communities, media representatives and others, depending upon their nature, may also constitute forward-looking statements. As with the forward-looking statements included in this report, these forward-looking statements are by nature inherently uncertain, and actual results may differ materially as a result of many factors.  All forward-looking statements are based upon information available to Builders FirstSource, Inc. on the date this report was submitted.  Builders FirstSource, Inc. undertakes no obligation to publicly update or revise any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise. Any forward-looking statements involve risks and uncertainties that could cause actual events or results to differ materially from the events or results described in the forward-looking statements, including risks or uncertainties related to the Company’s growth strategies, including gaining market share, or the Company’s revenues and operating results being highly dependent on, among other things, the homebuilding industry, lumber prices and the economy.  Builders FirstSource, Inc. may not succeed in addressing these and other risks. Further information regarding factors that could affect our financial and other results can be found in the risk factors section of Builders FirstSource, Inc.’s most recent annual report on Form 10-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission.  Consequently, all forward-looking statements in this report are qualified by the factors, risks and uncertainties contained therein.

COMPANY OVERVIEW

We are a leading supplier of building materials, manufactured components and construction services to professional contractors, sub-contractors, and consumers. Following our acquisition of ProBuild in July 2015, the Company operates 400 locations in 40 states across the United States. Given the span and depth of our geographical reach, our locations are organized into nine geographical regions (Regions 1 through 9), which are also our operating segments, further aggregated into four reportable segments: Northeast, Southeast, South and West. All of our segments have similar customers, products and services, and distribution methods. Our financial statements contain additional information regarding segment performance which is discussed in Note 8 to the condensed consolidated financial statements included in Item 1 of this quarterly report on Form 10-Q.

We offer an integrated solution to our customers providing manufacturing, supply and installation of a full range of structural and related building products. Our manufactured products include our factory-built roof and floor trusses, wall panels and stairs, vinyl windows, custom millwork and trim, as well as engineered wood that we design, cut, and assemble for each home. We also assemble interior and exterior doors into pre-hung units. Additionally, we supply our customers with a broad offering of professional grade building products not manufactured by us, such as dimensional lumber and lumber sheet goods and various window, door and millwork lines. Our full range of construction-related services includes professional installation, turn-key framing and shell construction, and spans all our product categories.

We group our building products into six product categories:

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Our operating results are dependent on the following trends, events and uncertainties, some of which are beyond our control:

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RECENT DEVELOPMENTS

During the nine months ended September 30, 2016 the Company executed several debt transactions which are described in more detail below. These transactions include two debt exchanges, complete extinguishment of our 7.625% senior secured notes due 2021 (“2021 notes”), as well as repricing and partially repaying our $600.0 million term loan facility due 2022 (“2015 term loan”) and the repurchase of $50.0 million in aggregate principal amount of our 2023 notes.  These transactions have extended our debt maturity profile and reduced our annual cash interest on a go forward basis.

On February 12, 2016, we completed separate privately negotiated note exchange transactions in which $218.6 million in outstanding aggregate principal amount of our 10.75% senior unsecured notes due 2023 (“2023 notes”) was exchanged for $207.6 million in aggregate principal amount of our 2021 notes. On February 29, 2016, we completed additional separate privately negotiated note exchange transactions in which $63.8 million in outstanding aggregate principal amount of our 2023 notes was exchanged for $60.0 million in aggregate principal amount of our 2021 notes. The additional 2021 notes were issued under the existing indenture dated as of May 29, 2013. These transactions resulted in a $7.8 million net gain on debt extinguishment, reducing interest expense in the first quarter of 2016.

In May 2016, the Company exercised its contractual right to redeem $35.0 million in aggregate principal amount of 2021 notes at a price of 103.0%. This transaction resulted in a $1.7 million loss on debt extinguishment, which increased interest expense in the second quarter of 2016.

In August 2016, the Company issued $750.0 million in aggregate principal amount of 5.625% senior secured notes due 2024 (“2024 notes”) in a private offering. At the same time the Company also repriced its $600.0 million term loan facility (“2015 term loan”). This repricing lowered the margin to 3.75% in the case of Eurodollar loans and 2.75% in the case of base rate loans. This reduction represents a 1.25% decrease in the applicable margin for both Eurodollar and base rate loans. The proceeds from the

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issuance of the 2024 notes were used, together with cash on hand and borrowings on our $800.0 million senior secured revolving credit facility (“2015 facility”), to fully redeem the $582.6 million in aggregate outstanding principal amount 2021 notes, to pay down $125.9 million of the 2015 term loan and to pay related transaction fees and expenses. We recognized a $43.9 million loss on extinguishment of the 2021 notes and $8.2 million in write off of debt discount and debt issuance costs related to the 2015 term loan repricing as components of interest expense in the third quarter of 2016.

In October 2016, we purchased $50.0 million in aggregate principal amount of our 2023 notes pursuant to the terms of a cash tender offer at a price of 117.0% of par value plus accrued and unpaid interest. The purchase of the 2023 notes was funded with cash on hand and borrowings under our 2015 facility. Following this transaction, we have $367.6 million in 2023 notes outstanding and $116.0 million in outstanding borrowings under our 2015 facility.  

The transactions described above will allow the Company to reduce its annual cash interest expense by approximately $34 million going forward.

CURRENT OPERATING CONDITIONS AND OUTLOOK

Though the level of housing starts remains below the historical average, the homebuilding industry has shown improvement since 2011. For the third quarter of 2016, actual U.S. single-family housing starts were 207,300, a 2.0% increase compared to the third quarter of 2015. U.S. single-family units under construction increased 9.6% during the third quarter of 2016 compared to the same quarter a year ago. While the housing industry has strengthened over the past few years, the limited availability of credit to smaller homebuilders and potential homebuyers, as well as the high demand for a limited supply of skilled construction labor and the slow economic recovery, among other factors, have hampered a stronger recovery. A composite of third party sources, including the NAHB, are forecasting 786,000 U.S single family housing starts for 2016, which is an increase of 9.9% from 2015. In addition, the Home Improvement Research Institute (“HIRI”) is forecasting sales in the repair and remodel end market to increase approximately 6.0% in 2016 compared to 2015.

Our net sales for the third quarter of 2016 were up 37% over the same period last year largely due to the acquisition of ProBuild. Our gross margin percentage decreased by 0.5% during the third quarter of 2016 compared to the third quarter of 2015. Our gross margin percentage decreased primarily due to the impact of commodity price inflation during the third quarter of 2016 relative to our short-term customer pricing commitments. We continue to invest in our business to improve our operating efficiency, which has allowed us to better leverage our operating costs against changes in net sales. Our selling, general and administrative expenses, as a percentage of net sales, were 20.1% in the third quarter of 2016, a 2.4% decrease from 22.5% in the third quarter of 2015. This decrease in selling, general and administrative expenses, as a percentage of net sales, was largely due to the benefit of synergy cost savings. Synergy cost savings were primarily attributable to reduced payroll and benefits expense, as well as decreased delivery costs and location consolidations.

We still believe that the long-term outlook for the housing industry is positive due to growth in the underlying demographics. We feel we are well-positioned to take advantage of the construction activity in our markets and to increase our market share, which may include strategic acquisitions. We will continue to focus on working capital by closely monitoring the credit exposure of our customers and by working with our vendors to improve our payment terms and pricing on our products. We will also continue to work diligently to achieve the appropriate balance of short-term expense control while maintaining the expertise and capacity to grow the business as market conditions improve. We want to create long-term shareholder value and avoid taking steps that will limit our ability to compete.

SEASONALITY AND OTHER FACTORS

Our first and fourth quarters have historically been, and are generally expected to continue to be, adversely affected by weather causing reduced construction activity during these quarters. In addition, quarterly results historically have reflected, and are expected to continue to reflect, fluctuations from period to period arising from the following:

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The composition and level of working capital typically change during periods of increasing sales as we carry more inventory and receivables. Working capital levels typically increase in the second and third quarters of the year due to higher sales during the peak residential construction season. These increases have in the past resulted in negative operating cash flows during this peak season, which historically have been financed through available cash and borrowing availability under credit facilities. Collection of receivables and reduction in inventory levels following the peak building and construction season have in the past positively impacted cash flow.

RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

The following table sets forth, for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2016 and 2015, the percentage relationship to net sales of certain costs, expenses and income items:

Three Months Ended September 30, 2016 Compared with the Three Months Ended September 30, 2015

Net Sales. Net sales for the three months ended September 30, 2016 were $1,746.0 million, a 37% increase over net sales of $1,276.1 million for the three months ended September 30, 2015. Net sales increased $445.0 million, or approximately 35%, due to the ProBuild acquisition. Excluding the impact of the ProBuild acquisition, we estimate net sales increased $24.9 million, or approximately 2%, largely due to the impact of commodity price inflation on net sales. According to the U.S. Census Bureau, actual U.S. single-family housing starts increased 2.0% and single-family units under construction increased 9.6% in the third quarter of 2016 compared to the third quarter of 2015.

The following table shows net sales classified by product category (dollars in millions):

We achieved increased net sales across all product categories primarily due to the ProBuild acquisition.  Our sales classification by product categories has shifted as we diversified our product offerings to support a broader customer mix across 40 states through the ProBuild acquisition.

Gross Margin. Gross margin increased $112.3 million to $437.1 million. Of this increase, $109.8 million is due to the ProBuild acquisition. Excluding ProBuild, gross margin increased $2.5 million. Our gross margin percentage decreased to 25.0% in the third quarter of 2016 from 25.5% in the third quarter of 2015, a 0.5% decrease. Our gross margin percentage decreased primarily due to the impact of commodity price inflation during the third quarter of 2016 relative to our short-term customer pricing commitments.

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Selling, General and Administrative Expenses.  Selling, general and administrative expenses increased $64.3 million, or 22.4%. Our salaries and benefits expense, excluding stock compensation expense, was $236.1 million, an increase of $54.3 million from the third quarter of 2015 primarily due to increased full time equivalent employees following the ProBuild acquisition. Occupancy expense increased $8.3 million, delivery expense increased $3.8 million and office general and administrative expense increased $3.7 million. These increases were primarily a result of the ProBuild acquisition and the related integration activities. These increases were partially offset by a $4.3 million increase in gain from the sale of assets in the third quarter of 2016 compared to the third quarter of 2015.

As a percentage of net sales, selling, general and administrative expenses decreased to 20.1% in the third quarter 2016 from 22.5% in the third quarter of 2015, largely due to the benefit of synergy cost savings. Synergy cost savings were primarily attributable to reduced payroll and benefits expense, as well as decreased delivery costs and location consolidations. As a percentage of net sales, salaries and benefits expense, excluding stock compensation expense, decreased 0.7%, delivery expense decreased 0.7% and office general and administrative expense decreased 0.6%.

Interest Expense, Net. Interest expense was $92.3 million in the third quarter of 2016, an increase of $46.3 million from the third quarter of 2015. Of the $46.3 million increase, $33.3 million was due to the payment of the redemption premium on the 2021 notes redeemed in the third quarter of 2016, $6.3 million was related to increased amortization and write-off of debt discount and debt issuance costs largely related to our refinancing transactions in the third quarter of 2016, $4.7 was attributable to our 2024 notes which were issued in the third quarter of 2016 and $2.3 million was due to interest expense primarily related to lease obligations assumed in the ProBuild acquisition.

Income Tax Expense. We recorded income tax benefit of $131.5 million in the third quarter of 2016 compared to an income tax expense of $1.0 million in the third quarter of 2015. We recorded a reduction of the after-tax, non-cash valuation allowance on our net deferred tax assets of $117.6 million in the third quarter of 2016 and a $1.1 million increase in the after tax non-cash valuation allowance on our net deferred tax assets in the third quarter of 2015. Absent the valuation allowance our effective tax rate would have been 53.2% and 1.4% in the third quarters of 2016 and 2015, respectively.

Nine Months Ended September 30, 2016 Compared with the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2015

Net Sales. Net sales for the nine months ended September 30, 2016 were $4,820.4 million, a 129% increase over net sales of $2,108.6 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2015. Net sales increased $2,618.1 million, or approximately 124%, due to recent acquisitions, primarily ProBuild. Excluding the impact of acquisitions, we estimate net sales increased $93.7 million, or approximately 5%, due to increased volume. According to the U.S. Census Bureau, actual U.S. single-family housing starts increased 8.6% and single-family units under construction increased 14.1% in the first nine months of 2016 compared to the first nine months of 2015.

The following table shows net sales classified by product category (dollars in millions):

Due to the ProBuild acquisition, we achieved increased net sales across all product categories.  Our sales classification by product categories has shifted as we diversified our product offerings to support a broader customer mix across 40 states through the ProBuild acquisition. Excluding ProBuild, net sales increased across all product categories primarily due to increased sales volume.

Gross Margin. Gross margin increased $686.1 million to $1,205.2 million. Of this increase, $664.0 million is due to the ProBuild acquisition. Excluding ProBuild, gross margin increased $22.1 million. Our gross margin percentage increased to 25.0% in the first nine months of 2016 from 24.6% in the first nine months of 2015, a 0.4% increase. Our gross margin percentage increased primarily due to the ProBuild acquisition, as well as improved profitability in our value-added product categories in the first nine

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months of 2016 compared to the first nine months of 2015. However, this increase was partially offset by impact of commodity price inflation during the nine months ended September 30, 2016 relative to our short-term customer pricing commitments.

Selling, General and Administrative Expenses.  Selling, general and administrative expenses increased $555.5 million, or 119.7%, largely due to the ProBuild acquisition. Our salaries and benefits expense, excluding stock compensation expense, was $672.2 million, an increase of $385.4 million from the first nine months of 2015 primarily due to increased full time equivalent employees following the ProBuild acquisition. Delivery expense increased $72.7 million, office general and administrative expense increased $50.8 million, occupancy expense increased $44.8 million and intangible asset amortization increased $11.6 million. These increases were primarily a result of the ProBuild acquisition, the related integration activities and increased sales volume. These increases were partially offset by a $4.6 million increase in gain from the sale of assets in the first nine months of 2016 compared to the same period one year ago.

As a percentage of net sales, selling, general and administrative expenses decreased to 21.2% in the first nine months of 2016 from 22.0% in the first nine months of 2015 largely due to the benefit of synergy cost savings and an increase in sales volume. Synergy cost savings were primarily attributable to reduced payroll and benefits expense, as well as decreased delivery costs and location consolidations. As a percentage of net sales, office general and administrative expense decreased 0.7% and delivery expense decreased 0.4%. Partially offsetting these decreases, salaries and benefits expense, excluding stock compensation expense increased 0.3%, occupancy expense increased 0.2% and intangible asset amortization increased 0.1%.

Interest Expense, Net. Interest expense was $170.3 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2016, an increase of $104.1 million from the nine months ended September 30, 2015. Of the $104.1 million increase, $58.1 million was attributable to increased interest expense associated with our increased debt balances following the ProBuild acquisition financing and subsequent refinancing transactions, $19.6 million was attributable to losses on debt extinguishment largely due to the payment of redemption premiums on our 2021 notes, $16.8 million was related to increased amortization and write-off of debt discount and debt issuance costs largely due to our refinancing transactions in the nine months ended September 30, 2016 and $14.2 million was due to interest expense primarily related to lease obligations assumed in the ProBuild acquisition. These increases were partially offset by a $4.6 million decrease in interest expense due to non-cash fair value adjustments related to the exercise of all remaining stock warrants in 2015.

Income Tax Expense. We recorded income tax benefit of $122.8 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2016 compared to an income tax expense of $1.0 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2015. We recorded a reduction of the after-tax, non-cash valuation allowance on our net deferred tax assets of $128.6 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2016 compared to an increase of $2.9 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2015.  Absent the valuation allowance our effective tax rate would have been 38.2% and 16.9% for the nine months ended September 30, 2016 and 2015, respectively.

Results by Reportable Segment

The following table shows net sales and income (loss) from continuing operations before income taxes by reportable segment (dollars in thousands):

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As a result of our reorganization following the ProBuild acquisition, we have four reportable segments based on an aggregation of the geographic regions in which we operate. Our reportable segments do not necessarily align with any single region as defined by the U.S Census Bureau.  

According to the U.S. Census Bureau, actual single-family housing starts in the third quarter of 2016 increased 0.7% and 10.6% in the South region and West region, respectively. Housing starts decreased 7.7% and 0.9% in the Northeast region and Midwest region, respectively. For the third quarter of 2016, we achieved increased net sales across all our reportable segments, primarily due to the ProBuild acquisition. However, our profitability decreased in our Northeast reportable segment largely due to pricing pressures in that segment resulting from decreased housing starts in the Northeast region.

According to the U.S. Census Bureau, actual single-family housing starts in the first nine months of 2016 increased 8.4%, 11.8%, 5.9% and 11.4% in the South region, Northeast region, West region and Midwest region, respectively. For the nine months ended September 30, 2016, we achieved increased net sales and profitability across all our reportable segments, primarily due to the ProBuild acquisition and sales volume increases.

LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES

Our primary capital requirements are to fund working capital needs and operating expenses, meet required interest and principal payments, and to fund capital expenditures and potential future acquisitions. Our capital resources at September 30, 2016 consist of cash on hand and borrowing availability under our revolving credit facility.

Our $800.0 million senior secured revolving credit facility (“2015 facility”) will be primarily used for working capital, general corporate purposes, and funding acquisitions. In addition, we may use the 2015 facility to facilitate debt consolidation. Availability under the 2015 facility is determined by a borrowing base. Our borrowing base consists of trade accounts receivable, inventory, other receivables, including progress billings and credit card receivables, and qualified cash that all meet specific criteria contained within the credit agreement, minus agent specified reserves. Net excess borrowing availability is equal to the maximum borrowing amount minus outstanding borrowings and letters of credit.

The following table shows our borrowing base and excess availability as of September 30, 2016 and December 31, 2015 (in millions):

As of September 30, 2016 we had $89.0 million in outstanding borrowings under our 2015 facility and our net excess borrowing availability was $626.0 million after being reduced by outstanding letters of credit of approximately $85.0 million. Excess availability must equal or exceed a minimum specified amount, currently $80.0 million, or we are required to meet a fixed charge coverage ratio of 1:00 to 1:00. We were not in violation of any covenants or restrictions imposed by any of our debt agreements at September 30, 2016.

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Liquidity

Our liquidity at September 30, 2016 was $631.9 million, which consists of net borrowing availability under the 2015 facility and cash on hand.

We substantially increased our indebtedness following completion of the ProBuild acquisition in comparison to our indebtedness on a recent historical basis, which increased our interest expense and could have the effect of, among other things, reducing our flexibility to respond to changing business and economic conditions. From time to time, based on market conditions and other factors and subject to compliance with applicable laws and regulations, the Company may repurchase or call the 2023 notes or 2024 notes, repay debt, or otherwise enter into transactions regarding its capital structure.

Should the current industry conditions deteriorate or we pursue additional acquisitions, we may be required to raise additional funds through the sale of common stock or debt in the public capital markets or in privately negotiated transactions. There can be no assurance that any of these financing options would be available on favorable terms, if at all. Alternatives to help supplement our liquidity position could include, but are not limited to, idling or permanently closing additional facilities, adjusting our headcount in response to current business conditions, attempts to renegotiate leases, and divesting of non-core businesses. There are no assurances that these steps would prove successful.

Consolidated Cash Flows

Cash used in operating activities was $38.1 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2016 compared to cash provided by operating activities of $118.8 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2015.  Our working capital increased $163.1 million in the first nine months of 2016 compared to a decrease of $69.7 million in the first nine months of 2015. The change in working capital is largely due to the ProBuild acquisition, as well as increases in receivables and inventory, increased customer demand and a decrease in accrued liabilities. These increases were partially offset by an increase in accounts payable due to increased purchases and increased accounts payable days. Cash interest payments increased $151.0 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2016 compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2015. Cash interest payments for the nine months ended September 30, 2016 includes $34.3 million in redemption premiums paid on our extinguished 2021 notes. The remainder of the increase in cash interest payments is due to increased indebtedness following the ProBuild acquisition in the third quarter of 2015. The remaining change is due to an increase in cash provided by operations primarily related to increased sales and profitability during the nine months ended September 30, 2016 as a result the acquisition of ProBuild and higher sales volume.

Cash used in investing activities was $35.3 million and $1,491.0 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2016 and 2015, respectively. The change is primarily due to $1,459.3 million in cash used for the ProBuild acquisition in 2015. The remaining change is primarily due to an increase in capital expenditures related to facility relocation, improvements to existing facilities and the purchase of machinery and equipment to support sales growth

Cash provided by financing activities was $14.2 million and $1,455.7 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2016 and 2015, respectively. Cash provided by financing activities during the nine months ended September 30, 2016 was primarily due to $750.0 million in proceeds from the 2024 notes issuance and $29.0 million in net borrowings under the 2015 facility. These proceeds were mostly offset by $755.1 million in repayments of long-term debt, largely related to the extinguishment of our 2021 notes and pay down of the 2015 term loan. In addition, we paid $15.2 million of debt issuance costs during the nine months ended September 30, 2016. During the nine months ended September 30, 2015, cash provided by financing activities was primarily due to $700.0 million of proceeds from the issuance of the 2023 notes, $594.0 million of proceeds from the 2015 term loan, $320.0 million of borrowings under the 2015 facility, and $111.3 million of proceeds from the public offering of common stock, net of issuance costs. Slightly offsetting this, we repaid $215.0 million under the revolving credit facilities during the nine months ended September 30, 2015.  We paid $56.6 million of deferred loan costs during the nine months ended September 30, 2015.

RECENT ACCOUNTING PRONOUNCEMENTS

Information regarding recent accounting pronouncements is discussed in Note 1 to the condensed consolidated financial statements included in Item 1 of this quarterly report on Form 10-Q.

Item  3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk

We may experience changes in interest expense if changes in our debt occur. Changes in market interest rates could also affect our interest expense. Our 2023 notes and 2024 notes bear interest at a fixed rate, therefore, our interest expense related to these notes would not be affected by an increase in market interest rates. Borrowings under the 2015 facility and the 2015 term loan bear interest at either a base rate or eurodollar rate, plus, in each case, an applicable margin. At September 30, 2016, a 1.0% increase in interest

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rates would result in approximately $0.9 million in additional interest expense annually as we had $89.0 million in outstanding borrowings under the 2015 facility. The 2015 facility also assesses variable commitment and outstanding letter of credit fees based on quarterly average loan utilization. At September 30, 2016, a 1.0% increase in interest rates on the 2015 term loan would result in approximately $4.0 million in additional interest expense annually.

We purchase certain materials, including lumber products, which are then sold to customers as well as used as direct production inputs for our manufactured products that we deliver. Short-term changes in the cost of these materials and the related in-bound freight costs, some of which are subject to significant fluctuations, are sometimes, but not always, passed on to our customers. Our delayed ability to pass on material price increases to our customers can adversely impact our operating results.

Item 4. Controls and Procedures

Disclosure Controls Evaluation and Related CEO and CFO Certifications. Our management, with the participation of our principal executive officer (“CEO”) and principal financial officer (“CFO”), conducted an evaluation of the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures as of the end of the period covered by this quarterly report.

Certifications of our CEO and our CFO, which are required in accordance with Rule 13a-14 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (“Exchange Act”), are attached as exhibits to this quarterly report. This “Controls and Procedures” section includes the information concerning the controls evaluation referred to in the certifications, and it should be read in conjunction with the certifications for a more complete understanding of the topics presented.

Limitations on the Effectiveness of Controls. We do not expect that our disclosure controls and procedures will prevent all errors and all fraud. A system of controls and procedures, no matter how well conceived and operated, can provide only reasonable, not absolute, assurance that the objectives of the system are met. Because of the limitations in all such systems, no evaluation can provide absolute assurance that all control issues and instances of fraud, if any, within the Company have been detected. Furthermore, the design of any system of controls and procedures is based in part upon certain assumptions about the likelihood of future events, and there can be no assurance that any design will succeed in achieving its stated goals under all potential future conditions, regardless of how unlikely. Because of these inherent limitations in a cost-effective system of controls and procedures, misstatements or omissions due to error or fraud may occur and not be detected.

Scope of the Controls Evaluation. The evaluation of our disclosure controls and procedures included a review of their objectives and design, and the effect of the controls and procedures on the information generated for use in this quarterly report. In the course of the evaluation, we sought to identify whether we had any data errors, control problems or acts of fraud and to confirm that appropriate corrective action, including process improvements, were being undertaken if needed. This type of evaluation is performed on a quarterly basis so that conclusions concerning the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures can be reported in our quarterly reports on Form 10-Q. Many of the components of our disclosure controls and procedures are also evaluated by our internal audit department, our legal department and by personnel in our finance organization. The overall goals of these various evaluation activities are to monitor our disclosure controls and procedures on an ongoing basis, and to maintain them as dynamic systems that change as conditions warrant.

Conclusions regarding Disclosure Controls. Based on the required evaluation of our disclosure controls and procedures, our CEO and CFO have concluded that, as of September 30, 2016, we maintain disclosure controls and procedures that are effective in providing reasonable assurance that information required to be disclosed by us in the reports that we file or submit under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms, and that such information is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our CEO and CFO, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.

Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting. During the period covered by this report, there have been no changes in our internal control over financial reporting identified in connection with the evaluation described above that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

On July 31, 2015, the Company acquired all of the operating affiliates of ProBuild Holdings, LLC (“ProBuild”). The Company continues to evaluate processes, information technology systems and other components of internal controls over financial reporting (“ICFR”) as part of its ongoing integration activities and has concluded that ProBuild will be subject to the Company’s 2016 ICFR assessment.

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PART II  — OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1. Legal Proceedings

We are involved in various claims and lawsuits incidental to the conduct of our business in the ordinary course. We carry insurance coverage in such amounts in excess of our self-insured retention as we believe to be reasonable under the circumstances and that may or may not cover any or all of our liabilities in respect of claims and lawsuits. We do not believe that the ultimate resolution of these matters will have a material adverse impact on our consolidated financial position, cash flows or results of operations.

Although our business and facilities are subject to federal, state and local environmental regulation, environmental regulation does not have a material impact on our operations. We believe that our facilities are in material compliance with such laws and regulations. As owners and lessees of real property, we can be held liable for the investigation or remediation of contamination on such properties, in some circumstances without regard to whether we knew of or were responsible for such contamination. Our current expenditures with respect to environmental investigation and remediation at our facilities are minimal, although no assurance can be provided that more significant remediation may not be required in the future as a result of spills or releases of petroleum products or hazardous substances or the discovery of unknown environmental conditions.

Item  1A. Risk Factors

In addition to the other information set forth in this report, you should carefully consider the factors discussed in Part 1, “Item 1A. Risk Factors” in our annual report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2015, which could materially affect our business, financial condition or future results. The risks described in our annual report on Form 10-K are not the only risks facing our company. Additional risks and uncertainties not currently known to us or that we currently deem to be immaterial also may materially adversely affect our business, financial condition and/or operating results

Item  2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds

Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities

(a)  None

Use of Proceeds

(b) Not applicable

Company Stock Repurchases

(c) None

Item 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities

(a) None

(b) None

Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures

Not applicable.

Item 5. Other Information

(a) On November 4, 2016, the Company announced the appointment of Peter M. Jackson as the Company’s Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer.  Prior to joining the Company, Mr. Jackson, age 44, was employed by Lennox International, Inc. (“Lennox”), which manufactures and markets a broad range of heating, ventilation, air conditioning, and refrigeration products.  Since July 2014, Mr. Jackson had served as Vice President and CFO of Lennox’s Refrigeration Segment.  From March 2013 to June 2014, he was Vice President, Finance - Financial Planning and Analysis and Mergers and Acquisitions for Lennox.  He also served as Vice President and Chief Financial Officer of Lennox’s Residential Heating and Cooling Segment from 2007 until 2013.  Before joining Lennox, Mr. Jackson served in multiple financial leadership positions at SPX Corporation, General Electric, and Gerber

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Scientific.  Mr. Jackson is a certified public accountant and a graduate of General Electric’s Experienced Financial Leadership program.  He holds an M.B.A. degree from Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute and a B.S. from Bryant University.

Pursuant to his offer letter, Mr. Jackson will receive an annual salary of $425,000 and he will be eligible for an annual bonus with a target payout of 75% of his base salary pursuant to the Company’s annual incentive plan.  Under his offer letter, Mr. Jackson is to receive an annual long-term incentive in the form of equity grants with a value of $425,000, which is expected to be granted in February of each year.  The letter also provides that he will receive cash payments of (i) $200,000 within 30 days of his start date and (ii) $150,000 six months after his start date.  Those cash payments will be subject to a 100% claw-back if he voluntarily leaves the Company or is terminated for cause prior to the first anniversary of his start date.  Mr. Jackson will receive an initial grant of restricted stock units valued at $350,000 on his start date.  These shares will vest one year from his start date, assuming he is still employed by the Company on the vesting date.  He will be entitled to participate in all health and dental benefits and insurance programs, life and short- and long-term disability benefits and insurance programs, defined contribution programs, and other group benefits according to Company policy and eligibility guidelines.  At or around the start of his employment with the Company, Mr. Jackson will enter into an employment agreement consistent with the foregoing that is substantially similar to the agreements in place for the Company’s other executive officers, including without limitation non-competition and severance provisions.

Mr. Jackson is not a party to any transaction with any related person required to be disclosed pursuant to Item 404(a) of regulation S-K.

Until Mr. Jackson commences his role as Chief Financial Officer on November 14, 2016, Chad Crow, the Company’s President, Chief Operating Officer, and Chief Financial Officer will continue to serve as the Company’s Chief Financial Officer.  Mr. Crow will resign from that role on November 14, 2016 in order to focus on his duties as President and Chief Operating Officer.

(b) None

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Item 6.  Exhibits