Builders FirstSource, Inc. - Quarter Report: 2023 March (Form 10-Q)

1. Basis of Presentation

Builders FirstSource, Inc., a Delaware corporation formed in 1998, is a leading supplier and manufacturer of building materials, manufactured components and construction services to professional homebuilders, sub-contractors, remodelers and consumers. The Company operates approximately 570 locations in 42 states across the United States. In this quarterly report, references to the “Company,” “we,” “our,” “ours” or “us” refer to Builders FirstSource, Inc. and its consolidated subsidiaries unless otherwise stated or the context otherwise requires.

In the opinion of management, the accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements include all recurring adjustments and normal accruals necessary for a fair statement of the Company’s financial position, results of operations and cash flows for the dates and periods presented. Results for interim periods are not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected during the remainder of the current year or for any future period. Intercompany transactions are eliminated in consolidation.

The condensed consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2022 is derived from the audited consolidated financial statements but does not include all disclosures required by accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. This condensed consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2022 and the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements included herein should be read in conjunction with the more detailed audited consolidated financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2022 included in our most recent annual report on Form 10-K (“Form 10-K”). Accounting policies used in the preparation of these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements are consistent with the accounting policies described in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included in our Form 10-K.

2. Business Combinations

On February 1, 2023, we acquired certain assets and operations of Noltex Holdings, Inc. and affiliates (“Noltex”) for $84.6 million. Noltex manufactures trusses and provides building components to the single and multi-family markets, serving Texas markets in the Dallas-Fort Worth, San Antonio, Houston, Lubbock, and Midland areas.

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The acquisition was funded with a combination of cash on hand and borrowings under our $1.8 billion revolving credit facility due January 17, 2028 (the “Revolving Facility”). The transaction was accounted for by the acquisition method, and accordingly the results of operations have been included in the Company’s consolidated financial statements from the acquisition date. The purchase price was allocated to the assets acquired and liabilities assumed based on estimated fair values at the acquisition date, with the excess of purchase price over the estimated fair value of the net assets acquired recorded as goodwill. Pro forma results of operations as well as net sales and income attributable to the acquisition discussed above are not presented as this acquisition did not have a material impact on our results of operations.

3. Revenue

Net sales from installation and construction services were less than 10% of the Company’s net sales for each period presented.

The timing of revenue recognition, invoicing and cash collection results in accounts receivable, unbilled receivables, contract assets and contract liabilities. Contract assets include unbilled amounts when the revenue recognized exceeds the amount billed to the customer, and amounts representing a right to payment from previous performance that is conditional on something other than passage of time, such as retainage. Contract liabilities consist of customer advances and deposits, and deferred revenue.

Through March 31, 2023 and 2022, we recognized as revenue approximately 71% and 70% of the contract liabilities balances at December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively.

4. Net Income per Common Share

5. Goodwill

In 2023, the change in the carrying amount of goodwill is attributable to the acquisitions completed during the year. As of March 31, 2023, no triggering events have occurred. The amount allocated to goodwill is attributable to the assembled workforce, synergies and expected growth from the expanded product and service offerings of acquisitions. The goodwill recognized from the current year acquisition is expected to be deductible for tax purposes and will be amortizable ratably over a 15-year period for tax purposes.

6. Intangible Assets

In connection with the current year acquisition, we recorded customer relationships intangible assets of $26.7 million. The weighted average useful life of the current year acquired intangible assets is 9.3 years. The fair value of acquired customer relationship intangible assets was primarily estimated by applying the multi-period excess earnings method, which involved the use of significant estimates and assumptions primarily related to forecasted revenue growth rates, gross margin, contributory asset charges, customer attrition rates, and market-participant discount rates. These measures are based on significant Level 3 inputs not observable in the market. Key assumptions developed based on the Company’s historical experience, future projections and comparable market data include future cash flows, long-term growth rates, attrition rates and discount rates.

During the three months ended March 31, 2023 and three months ended March 31, 2022, we recorded amortization expense in relation to the above-listed intangible assets of $84.6 million and $65.7 million, respectively.

7. Accrued Liabilities

8. Long-Term Debt

2022 Debt Transactions

On January 21, 2022, the Company completed a private offering of an additional $300.0 million in aggregate principal amount of 4.25% senior unsecured notes due 2032 (“4.25% 2032 notes”) at an issue price equal to 100.50% of par value. The net proceeds from the offering were used to repay indebtedness outstanding under the Revolving Facility and pay related transaction fees and expenses. The 4.25% 2032 notes issued in January 2022 form part of the same series of notes as the $1.0 billion of 4.25% 2032 notes issued in July 2021.

The additional $1.5 million in proceeds received in excess of par value represents a debt premium which has been recorded as an increase to long-term debt. In connection with the offering, we incurred approximately $4.4 million of various third-party fees and expenses which have been recorded as a reduction to long-term debt. The debt premium and third-party costs will be amortized over the contractual life of the 4.25% 2032 notes using the effective interest method.

On February 4, 2022, the Company amended the Revolving Facility to increase the total commitments by an aggregate amount of $400.0 million, resulting in a new $1.8 billion amended credit facility. All other material terms of the Revolving Facility remain unchanged from those of the previous agreement. Effective with this amendment, the eurodollar rate loans and related interest rate benchmark were changed to the Secured Overnight Financing Rate (“SOFR”). The applicable margin ranges for term SOFR loans were amended to be from 1.35% to 1.60% and there are no changes to base rate loan borrowings. In connection with this amendment, we incurred approximately $2.0 million of new debt issuance costs which have been recorded as other assets and will be amortized straight-line through December 2026. The Revolving Facility is discussed in more detail below.

2023 Debt Transactions

On January 17, 2023, the Company amended the Revolving Facility to extend the maturity of a portion of the Revolving Facility. Under the agreement, we have a total of $1,620.0 million commitments with a maturity date of January 17, 2028 and $180.0 million commitments with a maturity date of December 17, 2026. Additionally, the amendment included additional interest pricing tiers for the amounts under the extended facility, which range from 1.10% to 1.60% in the case of SOFR loans, and 0.00% to 0.50% in the case of base rate loans. The letters of credit under the extended facility were assessed at a rate between 1.00% to 1.50% based on the average excess availability. Amounts under the non-extended facility borrowings were subject to interest, at our option, at either the SOFR or a base rate, plus, in each case, an applicable margin. The applicable margin ranged from 1.35% to 1.60% per annum in the case of term SOFR loans and 0.25% to 0.50% per annum in the case of base rate loans. The margin in either case is based on a measure of availability under the Revolving Facility.

In connection with this amendment, we incurred approximately $1.2 million of new debt issuance costs which, together with the previous unamortized debt issuance costs, will be deferred and amortized over the remaining contractual life.

Subsequent to quarter-end, on April 3, 2023, the Company further amended the Revolving Facility to extend the maturity of the remaining $180.0 million commitments to January 17, 2028. This amendment also updated the interest pricing tiers for borrowings and letters of credits, and other terms to be consistent with the $1,620.0 million commitments amended on January 17, 2023. The Revolving Facility is discussed in more detail below.

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Revolving Credit Facility

The Revolving Facility provides for a $1.8 billion revolving credit line to be used for working capital, general corporate purposes and funding capital expenditures and growth opportunities. In addition, we may use borrowings under the Revolving Facility to facilitate debt repayment and consolidation. The available borrowing capacity, or borrowing base, is derived from a percentage of the Company’s eligible receivables and inventory, as defined by the agreement evidencing the Revolving Facility, subject to certain reserves. As of March 31, 2023, we had $481.0 million in outstanding borrowings under our Revolving Facility and our net excess borrowing availability was $1.2 billion after being reduced by outstanding letters of credit totaling $95.9 million.

Borrowings under the Revolving Facility bear interest, at our option, at either the SOFR or a base rate, plus, in each case, an applicable margin. The applicable margin ranges from 1.10% to 1.60% per annum in the case of term SOFR loans and 0.00% to 0.50% per annum in the case of base rate loans. The margin in either case is based on a measure of availability under the Revolving Facility. A commitment fee, currently 0.20% per annum, is charged on the unused amount of the revolver based on quarterly average loan utilization. Letters of credit under the Revolving Facility are assessed at a rate equal to 1.00% to 1.50%, based on the average excess availability, as well as a fronting fee at a rate of 0.125% per annum. These fees are payable quarterly in arrears at the end of March, June, September, and December.

All obligations under the Revolving Facility are guaranteed jointly and severally by the Company and all other subsidiaries that guarantee our 5.00% senior unsecured notes due 2030 (the “2030 notes”), our 4.25% 2032 notes, and our 6.375% 2032 notes (such subsidiaries, the “Debt Guarantors”). All obligations and the guarantees of those obligations are secured by substantially all of the assets of the Company and the Debt Guarantors, subject to certain exceptions and permitted liens, including, with respect to the Revolving Facility, a first-priority security interest in such assets that constitute ABL Collateral (as defined below) and a second-priority security interest in such assets that constitute Notes Collateral (as defined below).

“ABL Collateral” includes substantially all presently owned and after-acquired accounts receivable, inventory, rights of unpaid vendors with respect to inventory, deposit accounts, commodity accounts, securities accounts and lock boxes, investment property, cash and cash equivalents, and general intangibles, books and records, supporting obligations and documents and related letters of credit, commercial tort claims or other claims related to and proceeds of each of the foregoing. “Notes Collateral” includes all collateral that is not ABL Collateral.

The Revolving Facility contains restrictive covenants which, among other things, limit the Company’s ability to incur additional indebtedness, incur liens, engage in mergers or other fundamental changes, sell certain assets, pay dividends, make acquisitions or investments, prepay certain indebtedness, change the nature of our business, and engage in certain transactions with affiliates. In addition, the Revolving Facility also contains a financial covenant requiring the satisfaction of a minimum fixed charge ratio of 1.00 to 1.00 if our excess availability falls below the greater of $80.0 million or 10% of the maximum borrowing amount, which was $180.0 million as of March 31, 2023.

Senior Unsecured Notes due 2032

As described above, during 2022, the Company issued $300.0 million of 4.25% 2032 notes, which form part of the same series of notes as the $1.0 billion of 4.25% 2032 notes issued in July 2021, and $700.0 million of 6.375% 2032 notes (collectively, the “2032 notes”). The 4.25% 2032 notes mature on February 1, 2032, with interest accruing at a rate of 4.25% per annum and interest payable semi-annually on February 1 and August 1 of each year. The 6.375% 2032 notes mature on June 15, 2032, with interest accruing at a rate of 6.375% per annum and interest payable semi-annually on June 15 and December 15 of each year.

The terms of the 4.25% 2032 notes and the 6.375% 2032 notes are governed by the indentures, dated as of July 23, 2021 and June 15, 2022 (collectively the “2032 Indentures”), respectively, The 2032 Indentures contain consistent terms and are among the Company, the guarantors named therein and Wilmington Trust, National Association, as trustee.

The 2032 notes, subject to certain exceptions, are guaranteed, jointly and severally, on a senior unsecured basis, by the Debt Guarantors. Subject to certain exceptions, future subsidiaries that guarantee the Revolving Facility, the 2030 notes or certain other indebtedness will also guarantee the 2032 notes.

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The 2032 notes constitute senior unsecured obligations of the Company and Debt Guarantors, pari passu in right of payment, with all of the existing and future senior indebtedness of the Company, including indebtedness under the Revolving Facility and the 2030 notes, effectively subordinated to all existing and future secured indebtedness of the Company and the Debt Guarantors (including indebtedness under the Revolving Facility and 2032 notes) to the extent of the value of the assets securing such indebtedness, senior to all of the future subordinated indebtedness of the Company and the Debt Guarantors and structurally subordinated to any existing and future indebtedness and other liabilities, including preferred stock, of the Company’s subsidiaries that do not guarantee the 2032 notes.

The 2032 Indentures contain restrictive covenants that limit the ability of the Company and its restricted subsidiaries to, among other things, incur additional debt or issue preferred stock, create liens, create restrictions on the Company’s subsidiaries’ ability to make payments to the Company, pay dividends and make other distributions in respect of the Company’s and its subsidiaries’ capital stock, make certain investments or certain other restricted payments, guarantee indebtedness, designate unrestricted subsidiaries, sell certain kinds of assets, enter into certain types of transactions with affiliates, and effect mergers and consolidations.

The Company may redeem the 2032 notes within five years from the date of issuance, in whole or in part, at a redemption price equal to 100% of the principal amount of each of the 2032 notes plus the “applicable premium” set forth in the 2032 Indentures. The Company may, within three years of the date of issuance, redeem up to 40% of the aggregate principal amount of each of the 2032 notes with the net cash proceeds of one or more equity offerings at a premium of the principal amount thereof, as described in the 2032 Indentures, plus accrued and unpaid interest, if any, to the redemption date. After the five-year period from original issuance, the Company may redeem each of the 2032 notes at the redemption prices set forth in the 2032 Indentures, plus accrued and unpaid interest, if any, to the redemption date. If the Company experiences certain change of control triggering events, holders of each of the 2032 notes may require it to repurchase all or part of their notes at 101% of the principal amount thereof, plus accrued and unpaid interest, if any, to the repurchase date.

Fair Value

As of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the Company does not have any financial instruments that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis. We have elected to report the value of our 2030 notes, 4.25% 2032 notes, 6.375% 2032 notes, and Revolving Facility at amortized cost. The fair values of the 2030 notes, 4.25% 2032 notes, and 6.375% 2032 notes at March 31, 2023 were approximately $511.5 million, $1,137.5 million, and $700.0 million, respectively, and were determined using Level 2 inputs based on market prices. The carrying value of the Revolving Facility at March 31, 2023 approximates fair value as the rates are comparable to those at which we could currently borrow under similar terms, are variable and incorporate a measure of our credit risk. As such, the fair value of the Revolving Facility was also classified as Level 2 in the hierarchy.

We were not in violation of any covenants or restrictions imposed by any of our debt agreements at March 31, 2023.

9. Employee Stock-Based Compensation

Time Based Restricted Stock Unit Grants

In the first three months of 2023, our board of directors granted 268,000 restricted stock units (“RSUs”) to employees under our 2014 Incentive Plan for which vesting is based solely on continuous employment over the requisite service period. These grants vest over a service period between one and three years. The weighted average grant date fair value for these RSUs was $73.52 per unit, which was based on the closing stock price on the respective grant dates.

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Performance, Market and Service Condition Based Restricted Stock Unit Grants

In the first three months of 2023, our board of directors granted 157,500 RSUs to employees under our 2014 Incentive Plan, which cliff vest on the third anniversary of the grant date based on the Company’s level of achievement of performance goals relating to return on invested capital over a three-year period (“performance condition”) and continued employment during the performance period (“service condition”). The total number of shares of common stock that may be earned from the performance condition ranges from zero to 200% of the RSUs granted. The number of shares earned from the performance condition may be further increased by 10% or decreased by 10% based on the Company’s total shareholder return relative to a peer group during the performance period (“market condition”). The average grant date fair value for these RSUs, with consideration of the market condition, was $83.75 per unit, which was determined using the Monte Carlo simulation model, applying the following assumptions:

The expected volatilities and correlation are based on the historical daily returns of our common stock and the common stocks of the constituents of our peer group over the most recent period equal to the measurement period. The expected dividend yield is based on our history of not paying regular dividends in the past and our current intention to not pay regular dividends in the foreseeable future. The risk-free rate is based on the U.S. Treasury yield curve in effect at the time of grant and has a term equal to the measurement period.

10. Income Taxes

We base our estimate of deferred tax assets and liabilities on current tax laws and rates. In certain cases, we also base our estimate on business plan forecasts and other expectations about future outcomes. Changes in existing tax laws or rates could affect our actual tax results, and future business results may affect the amount of our deferred tax liabilities or the valuation of our deferred tax assets over time. Due to uncertainties in the estimation process, particularly with respect to changes in facts and circumstances in future reporting periods, as well as the residential homebuilding industry’s cyclicality and sensitivity to changes in economic conditions, it is possible that actual results could differ from the estimates used in previous analyses.

Accounting for deferred taxes is based upon estimates of future results. Differences between the anticipated and actual outcomes of these future results could have a material impact on our consolidated results of operations or financial position.

11. Commitments and Contingencies

As of March 31, 2023, we had outstanding letters of credit totaling $95.9 million under our Revolving Facility that principally support our self-insurance programs.

The Company has a number of known and threatened construction defect legal claims. While these claims are generally covered under the Company’s existing insurance programs to the extent any loss exceeds the deductible, there is a reasonable possibility of loss that is not able to be estimated at this time because (i) many of the proceedings are in the discovery stage, (ii) the outcome of future litigation is uncertain, and/or (iii) the complex nature of the claims. Although the Company cannot estimate a reasonable range of loss based on currently available information, the resolution of these matters could have a material adverse effect on the Company's financial position, results of operations or cash flows.

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In addition, we are involved in various other claims and lawsuits incidental to the conduct of our business in the ordinary course. We carry insurance coverage in amounts in excess of our self-insured retention that we believe to be reasonable under the circumstances and that may or may not cover any or all of our liabilities in respect of such claims and lawsuits. Although the ultimate disposition of these other proceedings cannot be predicted with certainty, management believes the outcome of any such claims that are pending or threatened, either individually or on a combined basis, will not have a material adverse effect on our consolidated financial position, cash flows or results of operations. However, there can be no assurances that future adverse judgments and costs would not be material to our results of operations or liquidity for a particular period.

12. Related Party Transactions

A member of the Company’s board of directors was an executive officer of one of our customers, Ashton Woods USA, L.L.C., during 2022. Accounts receivable due from and net sales to Ashton Woods USA, L.L.C. were approximately 1% of our total accounts receivable and our total net sales, respectively, for the three months ended March 31, 2022.

Transactions between the Company and other related parties occur in the ordinary course of business. However, the Company carefully monitors and assesses related party relationships. Management does not believe that any of these transactions with related parties had a material impact on the Company’s results for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022.