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BUNGELTD - Quarter Report: 2019 March (Form 10-Q)

Table of Contents

UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549
FORM 10-Q
 
ý      QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the quarterly period ended March 31, 2019
OR
¨         TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the transition period from        to       
Commission File Number 001-16625
BUNGE LIMITED
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
Bermuda
 
98-0231912
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or
organization)
 
(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)
 
 
 
50 Main Street, White Plains, New York
 
10606
(Address of principal executive offices)
 
(Zip Code)
(914) 684-2800
(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.  Yes  ý  No  o
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files).  Yes  ý  No  o
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer”, “smaller reporting company” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one):
Large accelerated filer ý
 
Accelerated filer ¨
 
Non-accelerated filer ¨
(Do not check if a smaller
reporting company)
 
Smaller reporting company ¨
 
Emerging growth company ¨
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934).  Yes    No  
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934).  Yes  ¨  No  ý
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
Title of each class
 
Trading Symbol(s)
 
Name of each exchange on which registered
Common Shares, $0.01 par value per share
 
BG
 
New York Stock Exchange
As of May 3, 2019 the number of shares issued of the registrant was:
Common shares, par value $.01 per share: 141,477,794

Table of Contents

BUNGE LIMITED
TABLE OF CONTENTS
 
 
Page
 
 
 
 
Item 1.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Item 2.
 
 
 
Item 3.
 
 
 
Item 4.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Item 1.
 
 
 
Item 1A.
 
 
 
Item 2.
 
 
 
Item 3.
 
 
 
Item 4.
 
 
 
Item 5.
 
 
 
Item 6.
 
 
 
 
 

2
Table of Contents

PART I— FINANCIAL INFORMATION
ITEM 1.
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

BUNGE LIMITED AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME
(Unaudited)
(U.S. dollars in millions, except per share data)
 
 
Three Months Ended
March 31,
 
 
2019
 
2018
Net sales
 
$
9,938

 
$
10,641

Cost of goods sold
 
(9,501
)
 
(10,257
)
Gross profit
 
437

 
384

Selling, general and administrative expenses
 
(305
)
 
(344
)
Interest income
 
7

 
8

Interest expense
 
(75
)
 
(70
)
Foreign exchange gains (losses)
 
(7
)
 
—

Other income (expense) – net
 
31

 
24

Income (loss) from continuing operations before income tax
 
88

 
2

Income tax (expense) benefit
 
(38
)
 
(19
)
Income (loss) from continuing operations
 
50

 
(17
)
Income (loss) from discontinued operations, net of tax
 
—

 
(2
)
Net income (loss)
 
50

 
(19
)
Net (income) loss attributable to noncontrolling interests and redeemable noncontrolling interests
 
(5
)

(2
)
Net income (loss) attributable to Bunge
 
45

 
(21
)
Convertible preference share dividends
 
(8
)
 
(8
)
Net income (loss) available to Bunge common shareholders
 
$
37

 
$
(29
)
 
 
 
 
 
Earnings per common share—basic (Note 19)
 
 

 
 

Net income (loss) from continuing operations
 
$
0.26

 
$
(0.20
)
Net income (loss) from discontinued operations
 
—

 
(0.01
)
Net income (loss) attributable to Bunge common shareholders
 
$
0.26

 
$
(0.21
)
 
 
 
 
 
Earnings per common share—diluted (Note 19)
 
 

 
 

Net income (loss) from continuing operations
 
$
0.26

 
$
(0.20
)
Net income (loss) from discontinued operations
 
—

 
(0.01
)
Net income (loss) attributable to Bunge common shareholders
 
$
0.26

 
$
(0.21
)
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

3
Table of Contents

BUNGE LIMITED AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS)
(Unaudited)
(U.S. dollars in millions)
 
 
Three Months Ended
March 31,
 
 
2019
 
2018
Net income (loss)
 
$
50

 
$
(19
)
Other comprehensive income (loss):
 
 

 
 

Foreign exchange translation adjustment
 
(29
)
 
(12
)
  Unrealized gains (losses) on designated hedges, net of tax (expense) benefit of nil in 2019 and ($1) in 2018
 
(23
)
 
3

Reclassification of realized net (gains) losses to net income, net of tax expense (benefit) of nil in 2019 and nil in 2018
 
(1
)
 
(4
)
Pension adjustment, net of tax (expense) benefit of nil in 2019 and nil in 2018
 
—

 
(1
)
Total other comprehensive income (loss)
 
(53
)
 
(14
)
Total comprehensive income (loss)
 
(3
)
 
(33
)
Less: comprehensive (income) loss attributable to noncontrolling interests and redeemable noncontrolling interests
 
4

 
(5
)
Total comprehensive income (loss) attributable to Bunge
 
$
1

 
$
(38
)
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.


4
Table of Contents

BUNGE LIMITED AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(Unaudited)
(U.S. dollars in millions, except share data)
 
 
March 31,
2019
 
December 31,
2018
ASSETS
 
 

 
 

Current assets:
 
 

 
 

Cash and cash equivalents
 
$
464

 
$
389

Trade accounts receivable (less allowances of $117 and $113) (Note 14)
 
1,717

 
1,637

Inventories (Note 6)
 
5,938

 
5,871

Other current assets (Note 7)
 
3,120

 
3,171

Total current assets
 
11,239

 
11,068

Property, plant and equipment, net
 
5,197

 
5,201

Operating lease assets (Note 4)
 
1,010

 
—

Goodwill
 
723

 
727

Other intangible assets, net
 
657

 
697

Investments in affiliates
 
463

 
451

Deferred income taxes
 
425

 
458

Other non-current assets (Note 8)
 
821

 
823

Total assets
 
$
20,535

 
$
19,425

LIABILITIES AND EQUITY
 
 

 
 

Current liabilities:
 
 

 
 

Short-term debt
 
$
1,733

 
$
750

Current portion of long-term debt (Note 13)
 
414

 
419

Trade accounts payable (includes $846 and $441 carried at fair value)
 
3,841

 
3,501

Current operating lease obligations (Note 4)
 
225

 
—

Other current liabilities (Note 10)
 
1,840

 
2,502

Total current liabilities
 
8,053

 
7,172

Long-term debt (Note 13)
 
3,821

 
4,203

Deferred income taxes
 
323

 
356

Non-current operating lease obligations (Note 4)
 
739

 
—

Other non-current liabilities
 
874

 
892

Commitments and contingencies (Note 16)
 


 


Redeemable noncontrolling interest (Note 17)
 
421

 
424

Equity (Note 18):
 
 

 
 

Convertible perpetual preference shares, par value $.01; authorized – 21,000,000 shares, issued and outstanding: 2019 - 6,899,683 shares and 2018 - 6,899,683 shares (liquidation preference $100 per share)
 
690

 
690

Common shares, par value $.01; authorized – 400,000,000 shares; issued and outstanding: 2019 – 141,469,061 shares, 2018 – 141,111,081 shares
 
1

 
1

Additional paid-in capital
 
5,284

 
5,278

Retained earnings
 
8,045

 
8,059

Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) (Note 18)
 
(7,000
)
 
(6,935
)
Treasury shares, at cost - 2019 and 2018 - 12,882,313 shares
 
(920
)
 
(920
)
Total Bunge shareholders’ equity
 
6,100

 
6,173

Noncontrolling interests
 
204

 
205

Total equity
 
6,304

 
6,378

Total liabilities, redeemable noncontrolling interest and equity
 
$
20,535

 
$
19,425

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

5
Table of Contents

BUNGE LIMITED AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(Unaudited)
(U.S. dollars in millions)
 
 
Three Months Ended
March 31,
 
 
2019
 
2018
OPERATING ACTIVITIES
 
 

 
 

Net income (loss)
 
$
50

 
$
(19
)
Adjustments to reconcile net income (loss) to cash provided by (used for) operating activities:
 
 

 
 

Impairment charges
 
9

 
2

Foreign exchange loss on net debt
 
37

 
33

Bad debt expense
 
7

 
10

Depreciation, depletion and amortization
 
139

 
142

Share-based compensation expense
 
4

 
7

Deferred income tax (benefit)
 
(3
)
 
(15
)
Other, net
 
12

 
2

Changes in operating assets and liabilities, excluding the effects of acquisitions:
 
 

 
 

Trade accounts receivable
 
(128
)
 
47

Inventories
 
(94
)
 
(1,466
)
Secured advances to suppliers
 
(31
)
 
(110
)
Trade accounts payable and accrued liabilities
 
248

 
268

Advances on sales
 
(97
)
 
(93
)
Net unrealized gains and losses on derivative contracts
 
(370
)
 
435

Margin deposits
 
102

 
(187
)
Marketable securities
 
(36
)
 
(153
)
Beneficial interest in securitized trade receivables
 
(244
)
 
(663
)
Other, net
 
(7
)
 
(13
)
Cash provided by (used for) operating activities
 
(402
)
 
(1,773
)
INVESTING ACTIVITIES
 
 

 
 

Payments made for capital expenditures
 
(119
)
 
(105
)
Acquisitions of businesses (net of cash acquired)
 
—

 
(968
)
Proceeds from investments
 
37

 
336

Payments for investments
 
(193
)
 
(620
)
Settlement of net investment hedges
 
(51
)
 
10

Proceeds from beneficial interest in securitized trade receivables
 
275

 
662

Payments for investments in affiliates
 
(4
)
 
(16
)
Other, net
 
14

 
(6
)
Cash provided by (used for) investing activities
 
(41
)
 
(707
)
FINANCING ACTIVITIES
 
 

 
 

Net change in short-term debt with maturities of 90 days or less
 
1,193

 
931

Proceeds from short-term debt with maturities greater than 90 days
 
9

 
53

Repayments of short-term debt with maturities greater than 90 days
 
(214
)
 
—

Proceeds from long-term debt
 
978

 
2,560

Repayments of long-term debt
 
(1,376
)
 
(1,296
)
Proceeds from the exercise of options for common shares
 
5

 
4

Dividends paid to common and preference shareholders
 
(79
)
 
(73
)
Other, net
 
(3
)
 
(5
)
Cash provided by (used for) financing activities
 
513

 
2,174

Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash
 
6

 
(7
)
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash
 
76

 
(313
)
Cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash - beginning of period
 
393

 
605

Cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash - end of period
 
$
469

 
$
292

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

6
Table of Contents

BUNGE LIMITED AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN EQUITY AND REDEEMABLE NONCONTROLLING INTERESTS
(Unaudited)
(U.S. dollars in millions, except share data)
 
 
 
Convertible
Preference Shares
 
Common Shares
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Redeemable
Non-
Controlling
Interests
Shares
 
Amount
 
Shares
 
Amount
 
Additional
Paid-in
Capital
 
Retained
Earnings
 
Accumulated
Other
Comprehensive
Income (Loss)
 
Treasury
Shares
 
Non-
Controlling
Interests
 
Total
Equity
Balance, January 1, 2019
 
$
424

6,899,683

 
$
690

 
141,111,081

 
$
1

 
$
5,278

 
$
8,059

 
$
(6,935
)
 
$
(920
)
 
$
205

 
$
6,378

Net income (loss)
 
5

—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
45

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
45

Other comprehensive income (loss)
 
(8
)
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
(44
)
 
—

 
(1
)
 
(45
)
Dividends on common shares, $0.50 per share
 
—

—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
(71
)
 
—

 
—

 
—

 
(71
)
Dividends on preference shares, $1.21875 per share
 
—

—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
(8
)
 
—

 
—

 
—

 
(8
)
Dividends to noncontrolling interests on subsidiary common stock
 
—

—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
(1
)
 
(1
)
Contribution from noncontrolling interest
 
—

—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
1

 
1

Share-based compensation expense
 
—

—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
4

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
4

Impact of adoption of new accounting standards (1)
 
—

—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
21

 
(21
)
 
—

 
—

 
—

Issuance of common shares, including stock dividends
 
—

—

 
—

 
357,980

 
—

 
2

 
(1
)
 
—

 
—

 
—

 
1

Balance, March 31, 2019
 
$
421

6,899,683

 
$
690

 
141,469,061

 
$
1

 
$
5,284

 
$
8,045

 
$
(7,000
)
 
$
(920
)
 
$
204

 
$
6,304

 
 
 
Convertible
Preference Shares
 
Common Shares
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Redeemable
Non-
Controlling
Interests
Shares
 
Amount
 
Shares
 
Amount
 
Additional
Paid-in
Capital
 
Retained
Earnings
 
Accumulated
Other
Comprehensive
Income (Loss)
 
Treasury
Shares
 
Non-
Controlling
Interests
 
Total
Equity
Balance, January 1, 2018
 
$
—

6,899,700

 
$
690

 
140,646,829

 
$
1

 
$
5,226

 
$
8,081

 
$
(5,930
)
 
$
(920
)
 
$
209

 
$
7,357

Net income (loss)
 
—

—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
(21
)
 
—

 
—

 
2

 
(19
)
Other comprehensive income (loss)
 
4

—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
(17
)
 
—

 
3

 
(14
)
Dividends on common shares, $0.46 per share
 
—

—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
(65
)
 
—

 
—

 
—

 
(65
)
Dividends on preference shares, $1.21875 per share
 
—

—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
(8
)
 
—

 
—

 
—

 
(8
)
Deconsolidation of a subsidiary
 
—

—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
(2
)
 
(2
)
Acquisition of noncontrolling interest
 
466

—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

Share-based compensation expense
 
—

—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
7

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
7

Impact of adoption of new accounting standards
 
—

—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
21

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
21

Issuance of (conversion to) common shares
 
—

—

 
—

 
257,199

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

Balance, March 31, 2018
 
$
470

6,899,700

 
$
690

 
140,904,028

 
$
1

 
$
5,233

 
$
8,008

 
$
(5,947
)
 
$
(920
)
 
$
212

 
$
7,277

(1) See Note 2 for further details.

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.


7
Table of Contents

BUNGE LIMITED AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO THE CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Unaudited)
1.
BASIS OF PRESENTATION, PRINCIPLES OF CONSOLIDATION, AND SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES
The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Bunge Limited (“Bunge”), its subsidiaries and variable interest entities (“VIEs”) in which Bunge is considered to be the primary beneficiary, and as a result, include the assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses of all entities over which Bunge has a controlling financial interest. The financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”) for interim financial information and the instructions to Form 10-Q and Article 10 of Regulation S-X under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (“Exchange Act”).  Certain information and footnote disclosures normally included in annual financial statements prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP have been condensed or omitted pursuant to Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) rules. In the opinion of management, all adjustments (consisting of normal recurring adjustments) necessary for a fair presentation have been included. The condensed consolidated balance sheet at December 31, 2018 has been derived from Bunge’s audited consolidated financial statements at that date.  Operating results for the three months ended March 31, 2019 are not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected for the year ending December 31, 2019.  The financial statements should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements and notes thereto for the year ended December 31, 2018, forming part of Bunge’s 2018 Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC on February 22, 2019.

Cash, Cash Equivalents, and Restricted Cash
Restricted cash is included with cash and cash equivalents when reconciling the beginning-of-period and end-of-period total amounts shown on the statement of cash flows. The following table provides a reconciliation of cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash reported within the condensed consolidated balance sheet that sums to the total of the same such amounts shown in the condensed consolidated statement of cash flows.
(US$ in millions)
March 31, 2019
March 31, 2018
Cash and cash equivalents
$
464

$
287

Restricted cash included in other current assets
5

5

Total
$
469

$
292

Statement of Cash Flows
On January 1, 2018, the Company adopted Accounting Standards Update ("ASU") 2016-15, Statement of Cash Flows (Topic 230), Classification of Certain Cash Receipts and Cash Payments (a consensus of the Emerging Issues Task Force). Subsequent to the Company's initial adoption of ASU 2016-15, additional interpretative guidance was released by the SEC in the third quarter of 2018 that clarified the method to be used for calculating the cash received from payments on the deferred purchase price of securitized receivables. This additional guidance indicated that an entity must evaluate daily transaction activity to calculate the value of cash received from payments on the deferred purchase price. The company has applied this guidance on a retrospective basis, effective with the Form 10-Q for the quarterly period ended September 30, 2018, which resulted in additional reclassification of cash inflows from operating activities to cash inflows from investing activities. Therefore, the condensed consolidated statement of cash flows for the three months ended March 31, 2018 and certain amounts in Note 14, Trade Receivables Securitization Program, have been revised to reflect this change.

2.
ACCOUNTING PRONOUNCEMENTS
The below outlines updates on certain previously disclosed ASUs.
New Accounting Pronouncements
In June 2016, the Financial Accounting Standards Board issued ASU 2016-13, Financial Instruments-Credit Losses (Topic 326), which introduces a new accounting model, referred to as the current expected credit losses ("CECL") model, for estimating credit losses on certain financial instruments and expands the disclosure requirements for estimating such credit losses. Under the new model, an entity is required to estimate the credit losses expected over the life of an exposure (or pool of

8
Table of Contents

exposures). The guidance also amends the current impairment model for debt securities classified as available-for-sale securities. The new guidance will be effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019, including interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption is permitted. Bunge is evaluating the impact of this standard on its consolidated financial statements.    
Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements
On January 1, 2019 the Company adopted ASU 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842). Under the new provisions, all leases, except short-term leases, are recognized on the balance sheet as right-of-use assets and lease liabilities for the obligation to make payments under such leases. Bunge has elected the amended transition approach provided by ASU 2018-11, Leases (Topic 842): Targeted Improvements, which allows entities to apply the guidance as of the date of initial application by recognizing a cumulative-effect adjustment to opening retained earnings, with no retrospective adjustments. The Company also elected the package of practical expedients that permits the Company to not reassess under the new standard prior conclusions about lease identification, lease classification, and initial direct costs, as well as the practical expedient to not separate lease components from non-lease components in accounting for all classes of underlying assets. Upon adoption, the Company recorded $1,006 million of operating lease assets and $962 million of operating lease liabilities. Included in Operating lease assets at January 1, 2019 was $44 million of prepaid lease balances that were reclassified from Other non-current assets.
On January 1, 2019 the Company adopted ASU 2018-02, Income Statement - Reporting Comprehensive Income (Topic 220) - Reclassification of Certain Tax Effects from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income. This ASU allows a reclassification from accumulated other comprehensive income ("AOCI") to retained earnings for stranded tax effects resulting from the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act ("Tax Act"). Consequently, the ASU eliminates the stranded tax effects resulting from the Tax Act and will improve the usefulness of information reported to financial statement users. However, because this ASU only relates to the reclassification of the income tax effects of the Tax Act, the underlying guidance that requires that the effect of a change in tax laws or rates be included in income from continuing operations is not affected. The Company's stranded tax effects relate to unrecognized costs associated with certain pension plans for which the tax benefit was initially recorded to AOCI. Absent this ASU, the Company's policy is to release stranded tax effects upon the pension plans' termination. Upon the adoption of this ASU, the Company elected to reclassify the income tax effects of the Tax Act, resulting in a decrease to AOCI and an increase to retained earnings of $21 million.    

3.     GLOBAL COMPETITIVENESS PROGRAM
In July 2017, Bunge announced a comprehensive global competitiveness program to improve its cost position and deliver increased value to shareholders (the “Global Competitiveness Program”). When fully implemented, the Global Competitiveness Program is expected to reduce the Company’s overhead costs by approximately $250 million annually by the end of 2019. The Company identified key elements of its strategy to meet this goal, including adopting a zero-based budgeting process that will target excess costs in specific budget categories and improving efficiency and scalability by simplifying organizational structures, streamlining processes and consolidating back office functions globally. In conjunction with the Global Competitiveness Program, the Company has implemented other cost reduction and strategic initiatives to enhance the efficiency and performance of the Company’s business.

The table below sets forth, by segment, the types of costs recorded for the Global Competitiveness Program.
 
Three Months Ended March 31,
 
2019
 
2018
(US$ in millions)
Severance and Other Employee Benefit Costs
 
Consulting and Professional Services
 
Other Program Costs
 
Total Program Costs
 
Severance and Other Employee Benefit Costs
 
Consulting and Professional Services
 
Total Program Costs
Agribusiness Segment
$
2

 
$
2

 
$
1

 
$
5

 
$
5

 
$
6

 
$
11

Edible Oils Segment
1

 
1

 
—

 
2

 
1

 
1

 
2

Milling Segment
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
1

 
1

 
2

Sugar and Bioenergy Segment
(1
)
 
—

 
—

 
(1
)
 
—

 
1

 
1

Total
$
2

 
$
3

 
$
1

 
$
6

 
$
7

 
$
9

 
$
16

In addition to the above charges, nil and $1 million of severance and other employee benefit costs were recorded related to other industrial productivity initiatives for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively. For the

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three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018 costs recorded above, nil and $3 million, respectively, were recorded in Cost of goods sold and $6 million and $14 million, respectively, were recorded in Selling, general and administrative expenses.

Bunge's liability associated with the Global Competitiveness Program and other associated initiatives is primarily comprised of accruals for severance and other employee benefit costs. The following table sets forth the activity affecting the liability for severance and other employee benefit costs related to the Global Competitiveness Program and other associated initiatives, which is recorded in Other current liabilities on the condensed consolidated balance sheet.
(US$ in millions)

Severance and Other Employee Benefit Costs
Balance at January 1, 2019
 
$
3

Charges incurred
 
2

Cash payments
 
(2
)
Balance at March 31, 2019
 
$
3


In addition to the cash charges described above, the Company's restructuring initiatives may include the sale or disposal of long-lived assets and rationalization of certain investments. As Bunge continues to review its opportunities, certain gains and charges may be recorded in earnings, including those related to the disposal of assets or investments. For the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, nil and $1 million, respectively, of such gains have been recognized.

4.     LEASES
Bunge routinely leases storage facilities, transportation equipment, land, and office facilities which are typically classified as operating leases. The accounting for some of Bunge's leases may require significant judgment when determining whether a contract is or contains a lease, the lease term, and the likelihood of renewal or termination options. Leases with an initial term of more than 12 months are recognized on the balance sheet as right-of-use assets (Operating lease assets) and lease liabilities for the obligation to make payments under such leases (Current operating lease obligations and Non-current operating lease obligations). As of the lease commencement date, the lease liability is initially measured as the present value of lease payments not yet paid. The lease asset is initially measured equal to the lease liability and adjusted for lease payments made at or before lease commencement (e.g., prepaid rent), lease incentives, and any initial direct costs. Over time, the lease liability is reduced for lease payments made and the lease asset is reduced through expense, classified as either Cost of goods sold or Selling, general and administrative expense depending upon the nature of the lease. Lease assets are subject to review for impairment in a manner consistent with Property, plant and equipment. Leases with an initial term of 12 months or less (“short-term leases”) are not recorded on the balance sheet, and lease expense for these short-term leases is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term.
The Company’s leases range in length of term, with an average remaining lease term of 6.4 years, but with certain land leases continuing for up to 94 years. Additionally, certain leases contain renewal options that can extend the lease term up to an additional 5 years. Renewal options are generally exercisable solely at the Company’s discretion. When a renewal option is reasonably certain to be exercised, such additional terms are considered when calculating the associated operating lease asset and liability. When determining the lease liability at commencement of the lease, the present value of lease payments is based on the Company’s incremental borrowing rate determined using a portfolio approach and the Company’s incremental cost of debt, adjusted to arrive to the rate in the applicable country and for the applicable term of the lease, as the rate implicit in the lease is generally not readily determinable. As of March 31, 2019, such weighted average discount rate was 6.8%.
Certain of the Company’s freight supply agreements for ocean freight vessels and rail cars, as well as land leases associated with agricultural partnership agreements for the production of sugarcane, may include rental payments that are variable in nature. Variable payments on time charter agreements for ocean freight vessels under freight supply agreements are dependent on then current market daily hire rates. Variable payments for certain rail cars can be based on volumes, and in some cases, benchmark interest rates. Payments under the Company's agricultural partnership agreements in Brazil are dependent on the quantity of sugarcane produced per hectare, the total recoverable sugar ("ATR") per ton of sugarcane produced, and the price for each kilogram of ATR as determined by Consecana, the state of São Paulo sugarcane, sugar and ethanol council. Such variable payments are not included in the calculation of the associated operating lease asset or liability subsequent to the inception date of the associated lease and are recorded as expense in the period in which the adjustment to the variable payment obligation is incurred. Certain of the Company’s lease agreements related to railcars and barges contain residual value guarantees (see Note 16, Commitments and Contingencies). None of the Company’s lease agreements contain material restrictive covenants.

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The components of lease expense were as follows:
(US$ in millions)
 
Three Months Ended
March 31, 2019
Operating lease cost
 
$
80

Short-term lease cost
 
152

Variable lease cost
 
3

Sublease income
 
(30
)
Total lease cost
 
$
205


Supplemental cash flow information related to leases was as follows:
(US$ in millions)
 
Three Months Ended
 March 31, 2019
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities:
 
 
       Operating cash flows from operating leases
 
$
79

Supplemental noncash information:
 
 
       Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for lease obligations
 
$
70

    
Maturities of lease liabilities for operating leases as of March 31, 2019, are as follows:
(US$ in millions)
 
Remaining in 2019
 
$
215

2020
 
237

2021
 
197

2022
 
157

2023
 
117

Thereafter
 
289

Total lease payments (1)
 
1,212

Less imputed interest
 
248

Present value of lease liabilities
 
$
964


(1) Minimum lease payments have not been reduced by minimum sublease income receipts of $42 million due in future periods under non-cancelable subleases. Non-cancelable subleases primarily relate to an agreement with a third party for the use of a portion of a port terminal facility with a remaining sublease term of approximately 5 years, as well as an agreement with an unconsolidated joint venture in which Bunge subleases rail cars with remaining sublease terms of approximately three to four years. Additionally, Bunge may enter into re-let agreements to sell the right to use ocean freight vessels under time charter agreements when excess capacity is available.

As of March 31, 2019, the Company has additional operating leases for freight supply agreements on ocean freight vessels, that have not yet commenced, of $162 million. These operating leases will commence in 2019 and 2020, with lease terms of up to seven years.











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Prior year lease disclosures
The following pertains to previously disclosed information from Note 21, Commitments and contingencies and Note 26, Lease commitments, contained in Bunge's 2018 Annual Report on Form 10-K, which incorporates information about leases now in scope of ASC 842, Leases, disclosed above.
Operating lease for storage facilities, transportation equipment and office facilities—Future minimum lease payments by year and in the aggregate under non-cancelable operating leases with initial term of one year or more at December 31, 2018 are as follows:
(US$ in millions)
 
2019
$
134

2020
107

2021
84

2022
58

2023
48

Thereafter
126

Total (1)
$
557

(1) Minimum lease payments have not been reduced by minimum sublease income receipts of $43 million due in future periods under non-cancelable subleases.
Freight Supply Agreements—In the ordinary course of business, Bunge enters into time charter agreements for the use of ocean freight vessels for the purpose of transporting agricultural commodities. In addition, Bunge sells the right to use these ocean freight vessels when excess freight capacity is available. These agreements generally range from two months to approximately seven years. Future minimum payment obligations due under these agreements as of December 31, 2018 are as follows:
(US$ in millions)
 
2019
$
172

2020 and 2021
176

2022 and 2023
121

2024 and thereafter
37

Total
$
506



5.    TRADE STRUCTURED FINANCE PROGRAM
Bunge engages in various trade structured finance activities to leverage the value of its trade flows across its operating regions. For the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, net returns from these activities were $5 million and $8 million, respectively, and were included as a reduction of cost of goods sold in the accompanying condensed consolidated statements of income. These activities include programs under which Bunge generally obtains U.S. dollar-denominated letters of credit (“LCs”), each based on an underlying commodity trade flow, from financial institutions and time deposits denominated in either the local currency of the financial institutions' counterparties or in U.S. dollars, as well as foreign exchange forward contracts, and other programs in which trade related payables are set-off against receivables, all of which are subject to legally enforceable set-off agreements.
As of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, time deposits and LCs of $4,543 million and $4,729 million, respectively, were presented net on the condensed consolidated balance sheets as the criteria of ASC 210-20, Offsetting, had been met. At March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, time deposits, including those presented on a net basis, carried weighted-average interest rates of 3.82% and 3.76%, respectively. During the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, total net proceeds from issuances of LCs were $1,117 million and $1,488 million, respectively. These cash inflows are offset by

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the related cash outflows resulting from placement of the time deposits and repayment of the LCs. All cash flows related to the programs are included in operating activities in the condensed consolidated statements of cash flows.

6.
INVENTORIES
Inventories by segment are presented below. Readily marketable inventories (“RMI”) are agricultural commodity inventories, such as soybeans, soybean meal, soybean oil, corn, and wheat carried at fair value because of their commodity characteristics, widely available markets, and international pricing mechanisms.  Bunge engages in trading and distribution, or merchandising activities, and part of RMI can be attributable to such activities and is not held for processing. All other inventories are carried at lower of cost or net realizable value.
(US$ in millions)
 
March 31,
2019
 
December 31,
2018
Agribusiness (1)
 
$
4,623

 
$
4,551

Edible Oil Products (2)
 
731

 
742

Milling Products
 
243

 
220

Sugar and Bioenergy (3)
 
253

 
280

Fertilizer
 
88

 
78

Total
 
$
5,938

 
$
5,871

 
(1)
Includes RMI of $4,372 million and $4,365 million at March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively.  Of these amounts, $3,360 million and $3,300 million can be attributable to merchandising activities at March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively.
(2)
Includes RMI of $97 million and $88 million at March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively.
(3)
Includes RMI of $33 million and $79 million at March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively. Of these amounts, $27 million and $74 million can be attributable to merchandising activities at March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively.

7.
OTHER CURRENT ASSETS
Other current assets consist of the following:
(US$ in millions)
 
March 31,
2019
 
December 31,
2018
Unrealized gains on derivative contracts, at fair value
 
$
1,014

 
$
1,071

Prepaid commodity purchase contracts (1)
 
238

 
253

Secured advances to suppliers, net (2)
 
301

 
257

Recoverable taxes, net
 
473

 
500

Margin deposits
 
248

 
348

Marketable securities, at fair value, and other short-term investments
 
343

 
162

Deferred purchase price receivable, at fair value (3)
 
97

 
128

Income taxes receivable
 
48

 
102

Prepaid expenses
 
144

 
165

Other
 
214

 
185

Total
 
$
3,120

 
$
3,171

 
(1)
Prepaid commodity purchase contracts represent advance payments against contracts for future delivery of specified quantities of agricultural commodities.

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(2)
Bunge provides cash advances to suppliers, primarily Brazilian farmers of soybeans and sugarcane, to finance a portion of the suppliers’ production costs.  Bunge does not bear any of the costs or operational risks associated with the related growing crops.  The advances are largely collateralized by future crops and physical assets of the suppliers, carry a local market interest rate, and settle when the farmer’s crop is harvested and sold.  The secured advances to farmers are reported net of allowances of $1 million at March 31, 2019 and $1 million at December 31, 2018.
Interest earned on secured advances to suppliers of $7 million and $10 million for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively, is included in net sales in the condensed consolidated statements of income.
(3)
Deferred purchase price receivable represents additional credit support for the investment conduits in Bunge’s trade receivables securitization program (see Note 14).
Marketable Securities and Other Short-Term Investments - Bunge invests in foreign government securities, corporate debt securities, deposits, and other securities. The following is a summary of amounts recorded in the condensed consolidated balance sheets for marketable securities and other short-term investments.
(US$ in millions)
 
March 31,
2019
 
December 31,
2018
Foreign government securities
 
$
61

 
$
55

Corporate debt securities
 
115

 
91

Certificates of deposit/time deposits
 
164

 
15

Other
 
3

 
1

Total
 
$
343

 
$
162

As of March 31, 2019, total marketable securities and other short-term investments includes $176 million that are recorded at fair value and $167 million of other short-term investments. As of December 31, 2018, total marketable securities and other short-term investments includes $144 million that are recorded at fair value and $18 million as other short-term investments. Due to the short-term nature of these investments, carrying value approximates fair value.

8.
OTHER NON-CURRENT ASSETS
Other non-current assets consist of the following:
(US$ in millions)
 
March 31,
2019
 
December 31,
2018
Recoverable taxes, net (1)
 
$
156

 
$
112

Judicial deposits (1)
 
116

 
115

Other long-term receivables
 
6

 
8

Income taxes receivable (1)
 
230

 
221

Long-term investments
 
85

 
91

Affiliate loans receivable
 
29

 
29

Long-term receivables from farmers in Brazil, net (1)
 
91

 
93

Other
 
108

 
154

Total
 
$
821

 
$
823

 
(1)
These non-current assets arise primarily from Bunge’s Brazilian operations and their realization could take several years.
Recoverable taxes, net - Recoverable taxes are reported net of allowances of $27 million and $27 million at March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively.
Judicial deposits - Judicial deposits are funds that Bunge has placed on deposit with the courts in Brazil. These funds are held in judicial escrow relating to certain legal proceedings pending legal resolution and bear interest at the SELIC rate, which is the benchmark rate of the Brazilian central bank.

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Income taxes receivable - Income taxes receivable includes overpayments of current income taxes plus accrued interest. These income tax prepayments are expected to be primarily utilized for settlement of future income tax obligations. Income taxes receivable in Brazil bear interest at the SELIC rate.
Affiliate loans receivable - Affiliate loans receivable are primarily interest-bearing receivables from unconsolidated affiliates with a remaining maturity of greater than one year.
Long-term receivables from farmers in Brazil, net - Bunge provides financing to farmers in Brazil, primarily through secured advances against farmer commitments to deliver agricultural commodities (primarily soybeans) upon harvest of the then-current year’s crop and through credit sales of fertilizer to farmers. Certain of such long-term receivables from farmers are originally recorded in other current assets as prepaid commodity contracts or secured advances to suppliers (see Note 7) and reclassified to other non-current assets when collection issues with farmers arise and amounts become past due and resolution of matters is expected to take more than one year.
The average recorded investment in long-term receivables from farmers in Brazil for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and the year ended December 31, 2018 was $203 million and $215 million, respectively.  The table below summarizes Bunge’s recorded investment in long-term receivables from farmers in Brazil and the related allowance amounts.
 
 
March 31, 2019
 
December 31, 2018
(US$ in millions)
 
Recorded
Investment
 
Allowance
 
Recorded
Investment
 
Allowance
For which an allowance has been provided:
 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

Legal collection process (1)
 
$
105

 
$
90

 
$
105

 
$
89

Renegotiated amounts (2)
 
15

 
15

 
17

 
17

For which no allowance has been provided:
 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

Legal collection process (1)
 
48

 
—

 
51

 
—

Renegotiated amounts (2)
 
9

 
—

 
10

 
—

Other long-term receivables
 
19

 
—

 
16

 
—

Total
 
$
196

 
$
105

 
$
199

 
$
106

(1)
All amounts in legal process are considered past due upon initiation of legal action.
(2)
All renegotiated amounts are current on repayment terms.
The table below summarizes the activity in the allowance for doubtful accounts related to long-term receivables from farmers in Brazil.
 
Three Months Ended
March 31,
(US$ in millions)
2019
 
2018
Beginning balance
$
106

 
$
113

Bad debt provisions
1

 
4

Recoveries
(1
)
 
(1
)
Foreign exchange translation
(1
)
 
—

Ending balance
$
105

 
$
116


9.
INCOME TAXES
Income tax expense is provided on an interim basis based on management’s estimate of the annual effective income tax rate and includes the tax effects of certain discrete items, such as changes in tax laws or tax rates or other unusual or non-recurring tax adjustments in the interim period in which they occur. In addition, jurisdictions with a projected loss for the year or a year-to-date loss where no tax benefit can be recognized are excluded from the estimated annual effective tax rate. The effective tax rate is highly dependent on the geographic distribution of Bunge’s worldwide earnings or losses and tax regulations in each jurisdiction. Management regularly monitors the assumptions used in estimating its annual effective tax rate and adjusts estimates accordingly, including the realizability of deferred tax assets. Volatility in earnings within a taxing jurisdiction could result in a determination that additional valuation allowance adjustments may be warranted.

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For the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, income tax expense related to continuing operations was $38 million and $19 million, respectively. The effective tax rates for the first quarters of 2019 and 2018 were higher than the U.S. statutory rate of 21% primarily due to an unfavorable earnings mix associated with pretax losses in certain jurisdictions.
As a global enterprise, Bunge files income tax returns that are subject to periodic examination and challenge by federal, state and foreign tax authorities. In many jurisdictions, income tax examinations, including settlement negotiations or litigation, may take several years to finalize. While it is difficult to predict the outcome or timing of resolution of any particular matter, management believes that the condensed consolidated financial statements reflect the largest amount of tax benefit that is more likely than not to be realized.

10.
OTHER CURRENT LIABILITIES
Other current liabilities consist of the following:
(US$ in millions)
 
March 31,
2019
 
December 31,
2018
Unrealized losses on derivative contracts, at fair value
 
$
763

 
$
1,192

Accrued liabilities
 
517

 
618

Advances on sales
 
310

 
405

Other
 
250

 
287

Total
 
$
1,840

 
$
2,502


11.
FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS
The fair value standard describes three levels within its hierarchy that may be used to measure fair value.
Level
Description
Financial Instrument (Assets / Liabilities)
Level 1
Quoted price (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.
Exchange traded derivative contracts.

Marketable securities in active markets.
Level 2
Observable inputs, including adjusted Level 1 quotes, quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities, quoted prices in markets that are less active than traded exchanges and other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data for substantially the full term of the assets or liabilities.
Readily marketable inventories.

Over-the-counter (‘‘OTC’’) commodity purchase and sale contracts.

OTC derivatives whose value is determined using pricing models with inputs that are generally based on exchange traded prices, adjusted for location specific inputs that are primarily observable in the market or can be derived principally from or corroborated by observable market data.

Marketable securities in less active markets.
Level 3
Unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activity and that are a significant component of the fair value of the assets or liabilities.
Assets and liabilities whose value is determined using proprietary pricing models, discounted cash flow methodologies or similar techniques.
 
Assets and liabilities for which the determination of fair value requires significant management judgment or estimation.
In many cases, a valuation technique used to measure fair value includes inputs from multiple levels of the fair value hierarchy. The lowest level of input that is a significant component of the fair value measurement determines the placement of the entire fair value measurement in the hierarchy. Bunge’s assessment of the significance of a particular input to the fair value measurement requires judgment and may affect the classification of fair value assets and liabilities within the fair value hierarchy levels.
Bunge’s policy regarding the timing of transfers between levels, including both transfers into and transfers out of Level 3, is to measure and record the transfers at the end of the reporting period.
For a further definition of fair value and the associated fair value levels, refer to the Financial Instruments and Fair Value Measurements footnote included in Bunge's 2018 Annual Report on Form 10-K.

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The following table sets forth, by level, Bunge’s assets and liabilities that were accounted for at fair value on a recurring basis.
 
 
Fair Value Measurements at Reporting Date
 
 
March 31, 2019
 
December 31, 2018
(US$ in millions)
 
Level 1
 
Level 2
 
Level 3
 
Total
 
Level 1
 
Level 2
 
Level 3
 
Total
Assets:
 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

Readily marketable inventories (Note 6)
 
$
—

 
$
3,869

 
$
633

 
$
4,502

 
$
—

 
$
4,286

 
$
246

 
$
4,532

Unrealized gain on derivative contracts (1):
 
 
 
 
 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

Interest rate
 
—

 
19

 
—

 
19

 
—

 
6

 
—

 
6

Foreign exchange
 
—

 
443

 
—

 
443

 
—

 
473

 
—

 
473

Commodities
 
64

 
422

 
27

 
513

 
128

 
407

 
18

 
553

Freight
 
15

 
—

 
4

 
19

 
6

 
—

 
6

 
12

Energy
 
34

 
—

 
—

 
34

 
30

 
—

 
—

 
30

Credit
 
—

 
1

 
—

 
1

 
—


—


—


—

Deferred purchase price receivable (Note 14)
 
—

 
97

 
—

 
97

 
—

 
128

 
—

 
128

Other (2)
 
96

 
100

 
—

 
196

 
67

 
98

 
—

 
165

Total assets
 
$
209

 
$
4,951

 
$
664

 
$
5,824

 
$
231

 
$
5,398

 
$
270

 
$
5,899

Liabilities:
 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

Trade accounts payable (3)
 
$
—

 
$
449

 
$
397

 
$
846

 
$
—

 
$
394

 
$
47

 
$
441

Unrealized loss on derivative contracts (4):
 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

Interest rate
 
—

 
24

 
—

 
24

 
—

 
42

 
—

 
42

Foreign exchange
 
—

 
398

 
—

 
398

 
—

 
499

 
—

 
499

Commodities
 
49

 
229

 
26

 
304

 
152

 
446

 
23

 
621

Freight
 
21

 
—

 
5

 
26

 
13

 
—

 
6

 
19

Energy
 
26

 
—

 
2

 
28

 
43

 
—

 
1

 
44

Equity
 
1


—


—


1

 
—


—


—


—

Total liabilities
 
$
97

 
$
1,100

 
$
430

 
$
1,627

 
$
208

 
$
1,381

 
$
77

 
$
1,666

 
(1)
Unrealized gains on derivative contracts are generally included in other current assets. There were $15 million and $3 million included in other non-current assets at March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively.
(2)
Other includes the fair values of marketable securities and investments in other current assets and other non-current assets.
(3)
These payables are hybrid financial instruments for which Bunge has elected the fair value option.
(4)
Unrealized losses on derivative contracts are generally included in other current liabilities. There are $18 million and $33 million included in other non-current liabilities at March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively.
Readily marketable inventories—RMI reported at fair value are valued based on commodity futures exchange quotations, broker or dealer quotations, or market transactions in either listed or OTC markets with appropriate adjustments for differences in local markets where Bunge's inventories are located. In such cases, the inventory is classified within Level 2. Certain inventories may utilize significant unobservable data related to local market adjustments to determine fair value. In such cases, the inventory is classified as Level 3.
If Bunge used different methods or factors to determine fair values, amounts reported as unrealized gains and losses on derivative contracts and RMI at fair value in the consolidated balance sheets and consolidated statements of income could differ. Additionally, if market conditions change subsequent to the reporting date, amounts reported in future periods as unrealized gains and losses on derivative contracts and RMI at fair value in the consolidated balance sheets and consolidated statements of income could differ.
Derivatives—Exchange traded futures and options contracts and exchange cleared contracts are valued based on unadjusted quoted prices in active markets and are classified within Level 1. The majority of the Bunge’s exchange-traded agricultural commodity futures are cash-settled on a daily basis and, therefore, are not included in these tables. Bunge's forward

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commodity purchase and sale contracts are classified as derivatives along with other OTC derivative instruments relating primarily to freight, energy, foreign exchange and interest rates, and are classified within Level 2 or Level 3 as described below. Bunge estimates fair values based on exchange quoted prices, adjusted as appropriate for differences in local markets. These differences are generally valued using inputs from broker or dealer quotations, or market transactions in either the listed or OTC markets. In such cases, these derivative contracts are classified within Level 2.
OTC derivative contracts include swaps, options and structured transactions that are generally fair valued using quantitative models that require the use of multiple market inputs including quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in active markets, quoted prices for identical or similar assets or liabilities in markets which are not highly active, other observable inputs relevant to the asset or liability, and market inputs corroborated by correlation or other means. These valuation models include inputs such as interest rates, prices and indices to generate continuous yield or pricing curves and volatility factors. Where observable inputs are available for substantially the full term of the asset or liability, the instrument is categorized in Level 2. Certain OTC derivatives trade in less active markets with less availability of pricing information and certain structured transactions can require internally developed model inputs that might not be observable in or corroborated by the market.
Level 3 Measurements
The following relates to Level 3 measurements. An instrument may transfer into or out of Level 3 due to inputs becoming either observable or unobservable.
Level 3 Readily marketable inventories and other—The significant unobservable inputs resulting in Level 3 classification for RMI, physically settled forward purchase and sale contracts, and trade accounts payable, relate to certain management estimations regarding costs of transportation and other local market or location-related adjustments, primarily freight related adjustments in the interior of Brazil and the lack of market corroborated information in Canada. In both situations, Bunge uses proprietary information such as purchase and sale contracts and contracted prices to value freight, premiums and discounts in its contracts. Movements in the price of these unobservable inputs alone would not have a material effect on Bunge's financial statements as these contracts do not typically exceed one future crop cycle.
Level 3 Derivatives—Level 3 derivative instruments utilize both market observable and unobservable inputs within the fair value measurements. These inputs include commodity prices, price volatility, interest rates, volumes and locations.
The tables below present reconciliations for assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis using significant unobservable inputs (Level 3) during the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018.  These instruments were valued using pricing models that management believes reflect the assumptions that would be used by a marketplace participant.
 
 
Three Months Ended March 31, 2019
(US$ in millions)
 
Readily
Marketable
Inventories
 
Derivatives,
Net
 
Trade
Accounts
Payable
 
Total
Balance, January 1, 2019
 
$
246

 
$
(6
)
 
$
(47
)
 
$
193

Total gains and losses (realized/unrealized) included in cost of goods sold (1)
 
37

 
2

 
5

 
44

Purchases
 
699

 
—

 
(361
)
 
338

Sales
 
(570
)
 
—

 
—

 
(570
)
Issuances
 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

Settlements
 
—

 
1

 
(21
)
 
(20
)
Transfers into Level 3
 
276

 
1

 
27

 
304

Transfers out of Level 3
 
(55
)
 
—

 
—

 
(55
)
Balance, March 31, 2019
 
$
633

 
$
(2
)
 
$
(397
)
 
$
234

1)
Readily marketable inventories, derivatives, net and trade accounts payable, include gains/(losses) of $37 million, $6 million and $5 million, respectively, that are attributable to the change in unrealized gains/(losses) relating to Level 3 assets and liabilities still held at March 31, 2019.

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Three Months Ended March 31, 2018
(US$ in millions)
 
Readily
Marketable
Inventories
 
Derivatives,
Net
 
Trade
Accounts Payable
 
Total
Balance, January 1, 2018
 
$
365

 
$
2

 
$
(116
)
 
$
251

Total gains and losses (realized/unrealized) included in cost of goods sold (1)
 
63

 
(3
)
 
10

 
70

Purchases
 
613

 
9

 
(248
)
 
374

Sales
 
(279
)
 
—

 
—

 
(279
)
Issuances
 
—

 
(9
)
 
—

 
(9
)
Settlements
 
—

 
8

 
40

 
48

Transfers into Level 3
 
124

 
(2
)
 
(3
)
 
119

Transfers out of Level 3
 
(26
)
 
—

 
—

 
(26
)
Balance, March 31, 2018
 
$
860

 
$
5

 
$
(317
)
 
$
548

1) Readily marketable inventories, derivatives, net and trade accounts payable, includes gains/(losses) of $(3) million, $(12) million and $0 million, respectively, that are attributable to the change in unrealized gains/(losses) relating to Level 3 assets and liabilities still held at March 31, 2018.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
12.
DERIVATIVE INSTRUMENTS AND HEDGING ACTIVITIES
Bunge uses derivative instruments to manage several market risks, such as interest rate, foreign currency rate, and commodity risk. Some of those hedges Bunge enter into qualify for hedge accounting in the financial statements (Hedge Accounting Derivatives) and some, while intended as economic hedges, do not qualify (Economic Hedge Derivatives). As these impact the financial statements in different ways, they are discussed separately below.
Hedge Accounting Derivatives - Bunge uses derivatives in qualifying hedge accounting relationships to manage certain of its interest rate and foreign currency risks. In executing these hedge strategies, Bunge primarily relies on the shortcut and critical terms match methods in designing its hedge accounting strategy, which results in little to no net earnings impact for these hedge relationships. Bunge monitors these relationships on a quarterly basis and will perform a quantitative analysis to validate the assertion that the hedges are highly effective if there are changes to the hedged item or hedging derivative.
Fair value hedges - These derivatives are used to hedge the effect of interest rate and currency exchange rate changes on certain long-term debt. Under hedge accounting, the derivative is measured at fair value and the carrying value of hedged debt is adjusted for the change in value related to the exposure being hedged, with both adjustments offset to earnings. In other words, the earnings effect of an increase in the fair value of the derivative will be substantially offset by the earnings effect of the increase in the carrying value of the hedged debt. The net impact of hedge accounting for interest rate swaps is recognized in Interest expense. For cross currency swaps the changes in currency risk on the derivative are recognized in Foreign exchange gains (losses), and the changes in interest rate risk are recognized in Interest expense. Changes in basis risk are held in Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) until realized through the coupon.
Cash flow hedges of currency risk - Bunge manages currency risk on certain forecasted purchases, sales, and selling, general and administrative expenses with currency forwards. The change in the value of the forward is classified in Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) until the transaction affects earnings, at which time the change in value of the currency forward is reclassified to Net sales, Cost of goods sold or Selling, general and administrative expenses. These hedges mature at various times through November 2020. Of the amount currently in Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss), $0 million is expected to be reclassified to earnings in the next twelve months.
Net investment hedges - Bunge hedges the currency risk of certain of its foreign subsidiaries with currency forwards and intercompany loans for which the currency risk is remeasured through Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss). For currency forwards, the forward method is used. The change in the value of the forward is classified in Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) until the transaction affects earnings.
The table below provides information about the balance sheet values of hedged items and the notional amount of derivatives used in hedging strategies. The notional amount of the derivative is the number of units of the underlying (for example, the notional principal amount of the debt in an interest rate swap). The notional amount is used to compute interest or

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other payment streams to be made under the contract and is a measure of Bunge’s level of activity. Bunge discloses derivative notional amounts on a gross basis.
(US$ in millions)
March 31, 2019
December 31, 2018
Hedging instrument type:
 
 
Fair value hedges of interest rate risk
 
 
 
Carrying value of hedged debt
$
2,238

$
2,229

 
Cumulative adjustment to long-term debt from application of hedge accounting
$
(3
)
$
(29
)
 
Interest rate swap - notional amount
$
2,249

$
2,266

 
 
 
 
Fair value hedges of currency risk
 
 
 
Carrying value of hedged debt
$
311

$
312

 
Cross currency swap - notional amount
$
312

$
313

 
 
 
 
Cash flow hedges of currency risk
 
 
 
Foreign currency forward - notional amount
$
81

$
50

 
 
 
 
Net investment hedges
 
 
 
Foreign currency forward - notional amount
$
1,503

$
1,888

 
Carrying value of non-derivative hedging instrument
$
895

$
912

Economic Hedge Derivatives - In addition to using derivatives in qualifying hedge relationships, Bunge enters into derivatives to economically hedge its exposure to a variety of market risks it incurs in the normal course of operations.
Interest rate derivatives are used to hedge exposures to the Company's financial instrument portfolios and debt issuances. The impact of changes in fair value of these instruments is primarily presented in Interest expense.
Currency derivatives are used to hedge the balance sheet and commercial exposures that arise from the Company's global operations. The impact of changes in fair value of these instruments is presented in Cost of goods sold when hedging commercial exposures and Foreign exchange gains (losses) when hedging monetary exposures.
Agricultural commodity derivatives are used primarily to manage the Company's inventory and forward purchase and sales contracts. Contracts to purchase agricultural commodities generally relate to current or future crop years for delivery periods quoted by regulated commodity exchanges. Contracts for the sale of agricultural commodities generally do not extend beyond one future crop cycle. The impact of changes in fair value of these instruments is presented in Cost of goods sold.
Bunge uses derivative instruments referred to as forward freight agreements ("FFA") and FFA options to hedge portions of its current and anticipated ocean freight costs. The impact of changes in fair value of these instruments is presented in Cost of goods sold.
Bunge uses energy derivative instruments to manage its exposure to volatility in energy costs. Hedges may be entered into for natural gas, electricity, coal and fuel oil, including bunker fuel. The impact of changes in fair value of these instruments is presented in Cost of goods sold.
The Company may also enter into other derivatives, including credit default swaps and equity derivatives to manage exposure to credit risk and broader macroeconomic risks, respectively. The impact of changes in fair value of these instruments is presented in Cost of goods sold.
The table below summarizes the volume of economic derivatives as of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018. For those contracts traded bilaterally through the over-the-counter markets (e.g., forwards, forward rate agreements ("FRA") and swaps), the gross position is provided. For exchange traded (e.g., futures, FFAs and options) and cleared positions (e.g., energy swaps), the net position is provided.

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March 31,
December 31,
 
 
2019
2018
Unit of
Measure
(US$ in millions)
Long
(Short)
Long
(Short)
Interest rate
 

 
 

 

 
   Swaps
$
6,822

$
(87
)
$
3,349

$
(111
)
$ Notional
   Futures
$
3

$
—

$
—

$
—

$ Notional
   FRAs
$
—

$
(258
)
$
139

$
(149
)
$ Notional
Currency
 
 
 
 
 
   Forwards
$
11,604

$
(12,199
)
$
13,713

$
(13,701
)
$ Notional
   Swaps
$
94

$
(144
)
$
127

$
(535
)
$ Notional
   Futures
$
22

$
—

$
—

$
(16
)
$ Notional
   Options
$
471

$
(533
)
$
869

$
(919
)
Delta
Agricultural commodities
 
 
 
 
 
   Forwards
24,713,267

(29,186,825
)
25,523,840

(29,314,930
)
Metric Tons
   Swaps
301,820

(8,173,465
)
—

(9,908,728
)
Metric Tons
   Futures
5,053,778

—

4,136,525

—

Metric Tons
   Options
—

(33,979
)
718,709

—

Metric Tons
Ocean freight
 
 
 
 
 
   FFA
—

(89
)
—

(90
)
Hire Days
   FFA options
148

—

302

—

Hire Days
Natural gas
 
 
 
 
 
   Swaps
1,169,194

—

1,205,687

—

MMBtus
   Futures
1,818,332

—

2,268,190

—

MMBtus
Energy - other
 
 
 
 
 
   Forwards
5,534,290

—

5,536,290

—

Metric Tons
   Futures
8,541

—

—

(29,367
)
Metric Tons
   Swaps
185,400

—

188,800

—

Metric Tons
Other
 
 
 
 
 
Swaps and futures
$
205

$
(4,377
)
$
52

$
—

$ Notional

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The Effect of Derivative Instruments and Hedge Accounting on the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income
The table below summarizes the net effect of derivative instruments and hedge accounting on the condensed consolidated statements of income for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018.
 
 
Gain (Loss) Recognized in
Income on Derivative Instruments
 
 
Three Months Ended March 31,
(US$ in millions)
 
2019
2018
Income statement classification
Type of derivative
 
 
Net sales
 
 
 
Hedge accounting
Foreign currency
$
1

$
—

 
 
 
 
Cost of goods sold
 
 
 
   Hedge accounting
Foreign currency
$
—

$
—

   Economic hedges
Foreign currency
75

(35
)
 
Commodities
138

(260
)
 
Other (1)
28

(7
)
     Total Cost of goods sold
 
$
241

$
(302
)
 
 
 
 
Interest expense
 
 
 
   Hedge accounting
Interest rate
$
(3
)
$
2

   Economic hedges
Interest rate
(3
)
—

     Total Interest expense
 
$
(6
)
$
2

 
 
 
 
Foreign exchange gains (losses)
 
 
 
   Hedge accounting
Foreign currency
$
(1
)
$
3

   Economic hedges
Foreign currency
38

(3
)
     Total Foreign exchange gains (losses)
 
$
37

$
—

 
 
 
 
Other comprehensive income (loss)
 
 
 
Gains and losses on derivatives used as cash flow hedges of foreign currency risk included in other comprehensive income (loss) during the period
$
—

$
2

Gains and losses on derivatives used as net investment hedges included in other comprehensive income (loss) during the period
$
(38
)
$
19

Foreign currency gains and losses on intercompany loans used as net investment hedges included in other comprehensive income (loss) during the period
$
17

$
(17
)
Gains and losses on derivatives used as fair value hedges of foreign currency risk included in other comprehensive income (loss) during the period
$
(2
)
$
(1
)
 
 
 
Amounts released from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) during the period
 
 
   Cash flow hedge of foreign currency risk
$
1

$
3

(1) Other includes the results from freight, energy and other derivatives.
 
 
 
 
13.
DEBT
Bunge’s commercial paper program is supported by an identical amount of committed back-up bank credit lines (the “Liquidity Facility”) provided by banks that are rated at least A-1 by Standard & Poor’s Financial Services and P-1 by Moody’s Investors Service. The cost of borrowing under the Liquidity Facility would typically be higher than the cost of issuing under Bunge’s commercial paper program. At March 31, 2019, there were $596 million of borrowings outstanding under the commercial paper program and no borrowings under the Liquidity Facility.

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In addition to committed facilities, from time to time, Bunge Limited and/or its financing subsidiaries enter into uncommitted bilateral short-term credit lines as necessary based on its financing requirements. At March 31, 2019, there was $275 million outstanding under these bilateral short-term credit lines. Loans under such credit lines are non-callable by the respective lenders. In addition, Bunge's operating companies had $862 million in short-term borrowings outstanding under local bank lines of credit at March 31, 2019 to support working capital requirements.
At March 31, 2019, Bunge had $4,319 million of unused and available borrowing capacity under its committed credit facilities totaling $5,015 million with a number of lending institutions.
The fair value of Bunge’s long-term debt is based on interest rates currently available on comparable maturities to companies with credit standing similar to that of Bunge. The carrying amounts and fair value of long-term debt are as follows:
 
 
March 31, 2019
 
December 31, 2018
(US$ in millions)
 
Carrying
Value
 
Fair Value
(Level 2)
 
Carrying
Value
 
Fair Value
(Level 2)
Long-term debt, including current portion
 
$
4,235

 
$
4,251

 
$
4,622

 
$
4,584


14.
TRADE RECEIVABLES SECURITIZATION PROGRAM
Bunge and certain of its subsidiaries participate in a trade receivables securitization program (the “Program”) with a financial institution, as administrative agent, and certain commercial paper conduit purchasers and committed purchasers that provides for funding of receivables sold into the Program. On February 19, 2019, Bunge exercised a portion of the $300 million accordion feature under the Program to increase the aggregate size of the facility by $100 million from $700 million to an aggregate of $800 million.

(US$ in millions)
 
March 31,
2019
 
December 31,
2018
Receivables sold which were derecognized from Bunge's balance sheet
 
$
769

 
$
826

Deferred purchase price included in other current assets
 
$
97

 
$
128


The table below summarizes the cash flows and discounts of Bunge’s trade receivables associated with the Program. Servicing fees under the Program were not significant in any period.
 
 
Three Months Ended
March 31,
(US$ in millions)
 
2019
 
2018
Gross receivables sold
 
$
2,258

 
$
2,322

Proceeds received in cash related to transfer of receivables
 
$
2,101

 
$
2,164

Cash collections from customers on receivables previously sold
 
$
1,875

 
$
2,414

Discounts related to gross receivables sold included in SG&A
 
$
4

 
$
3


Non-cash activity for the program in the reporting period is represented by the difference between gross receivables sold and cash collections from customers on receivables previously sold.

15.
RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS
Notes receivable - Bunge holds a note receivable from Navegações Unidas Tapajós S.A., a 50% equity method investment in Brazil, having a carrying value of $20 million at March 31, 2019, which matures in June 2019, with interest based on CDI, the average overnight interbank loan rate in Brazil.
Bunge holds a note receivable from Bunge SCF Grain LLC, a 50% equity method investment in the U.S., with a carrying value of $7 million at March 31, 2019, which matures on March 31, 2023, with an interest rate based on LIBOR.
In addition, Bunge held notes receivables from other related parties totaling $3 million at March 31, 2019.
Notes payable - Bunge holds a note payable with Bunge SCF Grain LLC with a carrying value of $18 million at March 31, 2019. This note matures on March 31, 2023 with a variable interest rate of 2.49%.

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Other - Bunge purchased soybeans, and other agricultural commodity products from certain of its unconsolidated investees and other related parties totaling $354 million and $271 million for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively. Bunge also sold soybeans and other agricultural commodity products to certain of its unconsolidated investees and other related parties totaling $110 million and $94 million for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively. In addition, Bunge receives services from and provides services to its unconsolidated investees, including tolling, port services, administrative support, and other services. During the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, Bunge received services totaling $24 million and $25 million, respectively, and provided services of $4 million and $3 million, respectively. Bunge believes all transaction values to be similar to those that would be conducted with third parties.
At March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, Bunge had approximately $26 million and $28 million of receivables from these related parties included in trade accounts receivable in the condensed consolidated balance sheets as of those dates. In addition, at March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, Bunge had approximately $58 million and $26 million of payables to these related parties included in trade accounts payable in the condensed consolidated balance sheets as of those dates.

16.    COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES
Bunge is party to claims and lawsuits, primarily non-income tax and labor claims in Brazil and non-income tax claims in Argentina, arising in the normal course of business. Bunge is also involved from time to time in various contract, antitrust, environmental litigation and remediation and other litigation, claims, government investigations and legal proceedings. The ability to predict the ultimate outcome of such matters involves judgments, estimates and inherent uncertainties. Bunge records liabilities related to its general claims and lawsuits when the exposure item becomes probable and can be reasonably estimated. Bunge management does not expect these matters to have a material adverse effect on Bunge’s financial condition, results of operations or liquidity. However, these matters are subject to inherent uncertainties and there exists the remote possibility of an adverse impact on Bunge’s position in the period the uncertainties are resolved whereby the settlement of the identified contingencies could exceed the amount of provisions included in the condensed consolidated balance sheets. Included in other non-current liabilities at March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018 are the following amounts related to these matters:
(US$ in millions)
 
March 31,
2019
 
December 31,
2018
Non-income tax claims
 
$
92

 
$
94

Labor claims
 
76

 
78

Civil and other claims
 
94

 
95

Total
 
$
262

 
$
267

Brazil Indirect Taxes
Non-income tax claims - These tax claims relate principally to claims against Bunge’s Brazilian subsidiaries, primarily value-added tax claims (ICMS, ISS, IPI and PIS/COFINS). The determination of the manner in which various Brazilian federal, state and municipal taxes apply to the operations of Bunge is subject to varying interpretations arising from the complex nature of Brazilian tax law. In addition to the matter discussed below, Bunge monitors other potential claims in Brazil regarding these value-added taxes. In particular, Bunge monitors the Brazilian federal and state governments’ responses to recent Brazilian Supreme Court decisions invalidating on constitutional grounds certain ICMS incentives and benefits granted by various states. While Bunge was not a recipient of any of the incentives and benefits that were the subject of these Supreme Court decisions, it has received other similar tax incentives and benefits which are being challenged before the Supreme Court. In August 2017, Complementary Law 160/2017 (“LC 160/2017”) was published, authorizing the states, through an agreement to be reached within the framework of CONFAZ (National Council of Fiscal Policy), to grant amnesty for tax debts arising from existing tax benefits granted without previous CONFAZ authorization and to maintain such existing benefits still in force for up to 15 years. In December 2017, Interstate Agreement ICMS 190/2017 was published to regulate Complementary Law 160/2017, which endorsed the past incentives granted by the Brazilian states of CONFAZ. Bunge has not received any tax assessment from the states that granted these incentives or benefits related to their validity and, based on Bunge's evaluation of this matter as required by U.S. GAAP, no liability has been recorded in the condensed consolidated financial statements.
On February 13, 2015, Brazil’s Supreme Federal Court ruled in a leading case that certain state ICMS tax credits for staple foods (including soy oil, margarine, mayonnaise and wheat flours) are unconstitutional. Bunge, like other companies in the Brazilian food industry, is involved in several administrative and judicial disputes with Brazilian states regarding these tax credits. While the leading case does not involve Bunge and each case is unique in facts and circumstances and applicable state law, the ruling has general precedent authority in lower court cases. Based on management’s review of the ruling (without considering the future success of any potential clarification or modulation of the ruling) and its general application to Bunge’s pending cases, management recorded a liability in the fourth quarter of 2014. Since 2015, Bunge settled a portion of its

24
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outstanding liabilities in amnesty programs in certain Brazilian states. In the fourth quarter of 2018, Bunge participated in an amnesty program in the Brazilian state of Rio Grande do Sul, which resulted in a discounted settlement of certain cases. As of March 31, 2019, the liability was reduced to 243 million Brazilian reais (approximately $63 million).
As of March 31, 2019, the Brazilian federal and state authorities have concluded examinations of the ICMS and PIS COFINS tax returns and have issued the outstanding claims (including applicable interest and penalties) as of:
(US$ in millions)
Years Examined
March 31, 2019
December 31, 2018
ICMS
1990 to Present
$
264

$
264

PIS/COFINS
2004 through 2015
$
230

$
231

Argentina Export Tax
Since 2010, the Argentine tax authorities have been conducting a review of income and other taxes paid by exporters and processors of cereals and other agricultural commodities in the country. In that regard, the Company has been subject to a number of assessments, proceedings, and claims related to its activities. During 2011, Bunge’s subsidiary in Argentina paid $112 million of accrued export tax obligations under protest and preserved its rights with respect to such payment. In 2012, the Argentine tax authorities further assessed interest on these payments, which as of March 31, 2019, totaled approximately $301 million. In 2012, the Argentine government suspended Bunge’s Argentine subsidiary from a registry of grain traders. While the suspension has not had a material adverse effect on Bunge’s business in Argentina, these actions have resulted in additional administrative requirements and increased logistical costs on domestic grain shipments within Argentina. Bunge is challenging these actions in the Argentine courts.
Labor claims — The labor claims are principally claims against Bunge’s Brazilian subsidiaries. The labor claims primarily relate to dismissals, severance, health and safety, salary adjustments and supplementary retirement benefits.
Civil and other claims — The civil and other claims relate to various disputes with third parties, including suppliers and customers.
During the first quarter of 2016, Bunge received a notice from the Brazilian Administrative Council for Economic Defense ("CADE") initiating an administrative proceeding against its Brazilian subsidiary and two of its employees, certain of its former employees, several other companies in the Brazilian wheat milling industry, and others for alleged anticompetitive activities in the north and northeast of Brazil. Additionally, in the second quarter of 2018, Bunge received a notification from CADE that it has extended the scope of an existing administrative proceeding relating to alleged anticompetitive practices in the Rio Grande port in Brazil to include certain of Bunge's Brazilian subsidiaries and certain former employees of those subsidiaries. Bunge is defending against these actions; however, the proceedings are at an early stage and Bunge cannot, at this time, reasonably predict the ultimate outcome of the proceedings or sanctions, if any, which may be imposed.
Guarantees — Bunge has issued or was a party to the following guarantees at March 31, 2019:
(US$ in millions)
 
Maximum
Potential
Future
Payments
Unconsolidated affiliates guarantee (1) (2)
 
$
310

Residual value guarantee (3)
 
264

Total
 
$
574

 
(1)
Bunge has issued guarantees to certain financial institutions related to debt of certain of its unconsolidated affiliates. The terms of the guarantees are equal to the terms of the related financings which have maturity dates through 2034. There are no recourse provisions or collateral that would enable Bunge to recover any amounts paid under these guarantees. In addition, a Bunge subsidiary has guaranteed the obligations of two of its affiliates and in connection therewith has secured its guarantee obligations through a pledge of one of its affiliate's shares plus loans receivable from the affiliate to the financial institutions in the event that the guaranteed obligations are enforced. Based on the amounts drawn under such debt facilities at March 31, 2019, Bunge's potential liability was $147 million and it has recorded a $19 million obligation related to these guarantees.
(2)
Bunge has issued guarantees to certain third parties related to performance of its unconsolidated affiliates. The terms of the guarantees are equal to the completion date of a port terminal which is expected to be completed in 2020. There are no recourse provisions or collateral that would enable Bunge to recover any amounts paid under these guarantees.

25
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At March 31, 2019, Bunge's maximum potential future payments under these guarantees was $64 million, and no obligation has been recorded related to these guarantees.
(3)
Bunge has issued guarantees to certain financial institutions which are party to certain operating lease arrangements for railcars and barges. These guarantees provide for a minimum residual value to be received by the lessor at the conclusion of the lease term. These leases expire at various dates from 2019 through 2024. At March 31, 2019, no obligation has been recorded related to these guarantees. Any obligation recorded would be recognized in Current operating lease obligations or Non-current operating lease obligations (see Note 4, Leases).
Bunge Limited has provided a guarantee to the Director of the Illinois Department of Agriculture as Trustee for Bunge North America, Inc. (“BNA”), an indirect wholly‑owned subsidiary, which guarantees all amounts due and owing by BNA to grain producers and/or depositors in the State of Illinois who have delivered commodities to BNA’s Illinois facilities.
In addition, Bunge Limited has provided full and unconditional parent level guarantees of the outstanding indebtedness under certain credit facilities entered into, and senior notes issued, by its 100% owned subsidiaries.  At March 31, 2019, Bunge’s condensed consolidated balance sheet includes debt with a carrying amount of $5,302 million related to these guarantees.  This debt includes the senior notes issued by two of Bunge’s 100% owned finance subsidiaries, Bunge Limited Finance Corp. and Bunge Finance Europe, B.V.  There are largely no restrictions on the ability of Bunge Limited Finance Corp. and Bunge Finance Europe B.V. or any other Bunge subsidiary to transfer funds to Bunge Limited.

17.    REDEEMABLE NONCONTROLLING INTEREST
In connection with the acquisition of a 70% ownership interest in IOI Loders Croklaan ("Loders"), the Company has entered into a put/call arrangement with the Loders minority shareholder and may be required or elect to purchase the additional 30% ownership interest in Loders within a specified time frame.
The Company classifies these redeemable equity securities outside of permanent stockholders’ equity as the equity securities are redeemable at the option of the holder. The carrying amount of redeemable noncontrolling interests is the greater of: (i) the initial carrying amount, increased or decreased for the noncontrolling interests’ share of net income or loss, equity capital contributions and distributions or (ii) the redemption value. Any resulting increases in the redemption amount, in excess of the initial carrying amount, increased or decreased for the noncontrolling interests’ share of net income or loss and distributions, are affected by corresponding charges against retained earnings. Additionally, any such charges to retained earnings will affect net income (loss) available to Bunge common shareholders as part of Bunge's calculation of earnings per common share.

18.
EQUITY
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) attributable to Bunge — The following table summarizes the balances of related after-tax components of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) attributable to Bunge:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(US$ in millions)
 
Foreign Exchange
Translation
Adjustment
 
Deferred
Gains (Losses)
on Hedging
Activities
 
Pension and Other
Postretirement
Liability
Adjustments
 
Accumulated
Other
Comprehensive
Income (Loss)
Balance, January 1, 2019
 
$
(6,637
)
 
$
(145
)
 
$
(153
)
 
$
(6,935
)
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications
 
(20
)
 
(23
)
 
—

 
(43
)
Amount reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)
 
—

 
(1
)
 
(21
)
 
(22
)
Balance, March 31, 2019
 
$
(6,657
)
 
$
(169
)
 
$
(174
)
 
$
(7,000
)

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Table of Contents

(US$ in millions)
 
Foreign Exchange
Translation
Adjustment
 
Deferred
Gains (Losses)
on Hedging
Activities
 
Pension and Other
Postretirement
Liability
Adjustments
 
Unrealized
Gains (Losses)
on
Investments
 
Accumulated
Other
Comprehensive
Income (Loss)
Balance, January 1, 2018
 
$
(5,547
)
 
$
(244
)
 
$
(140
)
 
$
1

 
$
(5,930
)
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications
 
(15
)
 
3

 
(1
)
 
—

 
(13
)
Amount reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)
 
—

 
(3
)
 
—

 
(1
)
 
(4
)
Balance, March 31, 2018
 
$
(5,562
)
 
$
(244
)
 
$
(141
)
 
$
—

 
$
(5,947
)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
19.    EARNINGS PER COMMON SHARE
The following table sets forth the computation of basic and diluted earnings per common share.
 
 
Three Months Ended
March 31,
(US$ in millions, except for share data)
 
2019
 
2018
Income (loss) from continuing operations
 
$
50

 
$
(17
)
Net (income) loss attributable to noncontrolling interests and redeemable noncontrolling interests
 
(5
)
 
(2
)
Income (loss) from continuing operations attributable to Bunge
 
45

 
(19
)
Convertible preference share dividends
 
(8
)
 
(8
)
Income (loss) from discontinued operations, net of tax
 
—

 
(2
)
Net income (loss) available to Bunge common shareholders - Basic
 
37

 
(29
)
Add back convertible preference share dividends
 
—

 
—

Net income (loss) available to Bunge common shareholders - Diluted
 
$
37

 
$
(29
)
 
 
 
 
 
Weighted-average number of common shares outstanding:
 
 

Basic
 
141,205,004

 
140,736,907

Effect of dilutive shares:
 
 

 
 

—stock options and awards (1)
 
353,766

 
—

—convertible preference shares (2)
 
—

 
—

Diluted
 
141,558,770

 
140,736,907

 
 
 
 
 
Basic earnings per common share:
 
 
 
 
Net income (loss) from continuing operations
 
$
0.26

 
$
(0.20
)
Net income (loss) from discontinued operations
 
—

 
(0.01
)
Net income (loss) attributable to Bunge common shareholders—basic
 
$
0.26

 
$
(0.21
)
 
 
 
 
 
Diluted earnings per common share:
 
 
 
 
Net income (loss) from continuing operations
 
$
0.26

 
$
(0.20
)
Net income (loss) from discontinued operations
 
—

 
(0.01
)
Net income (loss) attributable to Bunge common shareholders—diluted
 
$
0.26

 
$
(0.21
)
 
(1)
The weighted-average common shares outstanding-diluted excludes approximately 5 million and 7 million stock options and contingently issuable restricted stock units, which were not dilutive and not included in the computation of earnings per share for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively.
(2)
Weighted-average common shares outstanding-diluted for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018 excludes approximately 8 million and 8 million, respectively, weighted-average common shares that are issuable upon

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conversion of the convertible preference shares that were not dilutive and not included in the weighted-average number of common shares, respectively.

20.
SEGMENT INFORMATION
Bunge has five reportable segments - Agribusiness, Edible Oil Products, Milling Products, Sugar and Bioenergy, and Fertilizer, which are organized based upon similar economic characteristics and are similar in nature of products and services offered, the nature of production processes, and the type and class of customer and distribution methods. The Agribusiness segment is characterized by both inputs and outputs being agricultural commodities and thus high volume and low margin. The Edible Oil Products segment involves the processing, production and marketing of products derived from vegetable oils. The Milling Products segment involves the processing, production and marketing of products derived primarily from wheat and corn. The Sugar and Bioenergy segment involves sugarcane growing and milling in Brazil, as well as sugarcane-based ethanol production and corn-based ethanol investments and related activities. The Fertilizer segment includes its port operations in Brazil and Argentina and its blending and retail operations in Argentina.
The “Discontinued Operations & Unallocated” column in the following table contains the reconciliation between the totals for reportable segments and Bunge consolidated totals, which consist primarily of amounts attributable to discontinued operations, corporate items not allocated to the operating segments, and inter-segment eliminations. Transfers between the segments are generally valued at market. The segment revenues generated from these transfers are shown in the following table as “Inter-segment revenues.”
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Three Months Ended March 31, 2019
(US$ in millions)
 
Agribusiness
 
Edible
Oil
Products
 
Milling
Products
 
Sugar and
Bioenergy
 
Fertilizer
 
Unallocated (1)
 
Total
Net sales to external customers
 
$
6,919

 
$
2,239

 
$
426

 
$
285

 
$
69

 
$
—

 
$
9,938

Inter–segment revenues
 
1,168

 
32

 
—

 
—

 
1

 
(1,201
)
 
—

Foreign exchange gains (losses)
 
(8
)
 
2

 
2

 
(3
)
 
—

 
—

 
(7
)
Noncontrolling interests (1)
 
2

 
(6
)
 
—

 
(1
)
 
—

 
—

 
(5
)
Other income (expense) – net
 
32

 
1

 
(1
)
 
—

 
(1
)
 
—

 
31

Segment EBIT (2)
 
109

 
48

 
17

 
(24
)
 
1

 
—

 
151

Depreciation, depletion and amortization
 
(63
)
 
(40
)
 
(14
)
 
(20
)
 
(2
)
 
—

 
(139
)
Total assets
 
12,681

 
3,990

 
1,528

 
1,843

 
333

 
160

 
20,535

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Three Months Ended March 31, 2018
(US$ in millions)
 
Agribusiness
 
Edible
Oil
Products
 
Milling
Products
 
Sugar and
Bioenergy
 
Fertilizer
 
Discontinued Operations & Unallocated (1)
 
Total
Net sales to external customers
 
$
7,462

 
$
2,149

 
$
409

 
$
563

 
$
58

 
$
—

 
$
10,641

Inter–segment revenues
 
1,066

 
37

 
—

 
18

 
—

 
(1,121
)
 
—

Foreign exchange gains (losses)
 
—

 
(1
)
 
2

 
1

 
(2
)
 
—

 
—

Noncontrolling interests (1)
 
—

 
(3
)
 
—

 
1

 
(1
)
 
1

 
(2
)
Other income (expense) – net
 
24

 
(3
)
 
—

 
2

 
1

 
—

 
24

Segment EBIT (2)
 
42

 
28

 
17

 
(24
)
 
(2
)
 
—

 
61

Discontinued operations (3)
 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
(2
)
 
(2
)
Depreciation, depletion and amortization
 
(67
)
 
(32
)
 
(15
)
 
(26
)
 
(2
)
 
—

 
(142
)
Total assets
 
14,531

 
4,346

 
1,608

 
2,124

 
297

 
178

 
23,084

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(1)
Includes noncontrolling interests share of interest and tax to reconcile to consolidated noncontrolling interest.

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(2) 
Total segment earnings before interest and taxes (“EBIT”) is an operating performance measure used by Bunge’s management to evaluate segment operating activities. Bunge’s management believes total segment EBIT is a useful measure of operating profitability, since the measure allows for an evaluation of the performance of its segments without regard to its financing methods or capital structure. In addition, total segment EBIT is a financial measure that is widely used by analysts and investors in Bunge’s industry. However, total segment EBIT is a non-GAAP financial measure and is not intended to replace net income (loss) attributable to Bunge, the most directly comparable U.S. GAAP financial measure. Further, total segment EBIT is not a measure of consolidated operating results under U.S. GAAP and should not be considered as an alternative to net income (loss) or any other measure of consolidated operating results under U.S. GAAP. See the reconciliation of total segment EBIT to net income (loss) in the table below.
(3)
Represents net income (loss) from discontinued operations.

A reconciliation of total Segment EBIT to net income (loss) attributable to Bunge follows:
 
 
Three Months Ended
March 31,
(US$ in millions)
 
2019
 
2018
Total Segment EBIT from continuing operations
 
$
151

 
$
61

Interest income
 
7

 
8

Interest expense
 
(75
)
 
(70
)
Income tax (expense) benefit
 
(38
)
 
(19
)
Income (loss) from discontinued operations, net of tax
 
—

 
(2
)
Noncontrolling interests' share of interest and tax
 
—

 
1

Net income (loss) attributable to Bunge
 
$
45

 
$
(21
)

The Company’s revenue comprises sales from commodity contracts that are accounted for under ASC 815, Derivatives and Hedging (ASC 815) and sales of other products and services that are accounted for under ASC 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (ASC 606). The following tables provide a disaggregation of net sales to external customers between sales from contracts with customers and sales from other arrangements:
 
 
Three Months Ended March 31, 2019
(US$ in millions)
 
Agribusiness
 
Edible
Oil
Products
 
Milling
Products
 
Sugar and
Bioenergy
 
Fertilizer
 
Total
Sales from other arrangements
 
6,717

 
459

 
15

 
205

 
—

 
7,396

Sales from contracts with customers
 
$
202

 
$
1,780

 
$
411

 
$
80

 
$
69

 
$
2,542

Net sales to external customers
 
6,919

 
2,239

 
426

 
285

 
69

 
9,938

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Three Months Ended March 31, 2018
(US$ in millions)
 
Agribusiness
 
Edible
Oil
Products
 
Milling
Products
 
Sugar and
Bioenergy
 
Fertilizer
 
Total
Sales from other arrangements
 
7,138

 
423

 
12

 
451

 
—

 
8,024

Sales from contracts with customers
 
$
324

 
$
1,726

 
$
397

 
$
112

 
$
58

 
$
2,617

Net sales to external customers
 
7,462

 
2,149

 
409

 
563

 
58

 
10,641


29
Table of Contents

Cautionary Statement Regarding Forward Looking Statements
This report contains both historical and forward looking statements.  All statements, other than statements of historical fact are, or may be deemed to be, forward looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (Exchange Act).  These forward looking statements are not based on historical facts, but rather reflect our current expectations and projections about our future results, performance, prospects and opportunities.  We have tried to identify these forward looking statements by using words including “may,” “will,” “should,” “could,” “expect,” “anticipate,” “believe,” “plan,” “intend,” “estimate,” “continue” and similar expressions.  These forward looking statements are subject to a number of risks, uncertainties and other factors that could cause our actual results, performance, prospects or opportunities to differ materially from those expressed in, or implied by, these forward looking statements.  The following important factors, among others, could cause actual results to differ from these forward-looking statements: industry conditions, including fluctuations in supply, demand and prices for agricultural commodities and other raw materials and products used in our business, fluctuations in energy and freight costs; competitive developments in our industries; the effects of weather conditions and the outbreak of crop and animal disease on our business; global and regional economic, agricultural, financial and commodities market, political, social and health conditions; the outcome of pending regulatory and legal proceedings; our ability to complete, integrate and benefit from acquisitions, dispositions, joint ventures and strategic alliances; our ability to achieve the efficiencies, savings and other benefits anticipated from our cost reduction, margin improvement, operational excellence and other business optimization initiatives; changes in government policies, laws and regulations affecting our business, including agricultural and trade policies and environmental, tax and biofuels regulation; our capital allocation plans, funding needs and financing sources; changes in foreign exchange policy or rates; the outcome of our strategic review process; the effectiveness of our risk management strategies; our ability to attract and retain executive management and key personnel; operational risks, including industrial accidents, natural disasters and cybersecurity incidents; and other factors affecting our business generally.
The forward looking statements included in this report are made only as of the date of this report, and except as otherwise required by federal securities law, we do not have any obligation to publicly update or revise any forward looking statements to reflect subsequent events or circumstances.
You should refer to “Item 1A.  Risk Factors” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018, filed with the SEC on February 22, 2019, and “Part II — Item 1A. Risk Factors” in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for a more detailed discussion of these factors.

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Table of Contents


ITEM 2.
MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

First Quarter 2019 Overview

You should refer to “Item 7, Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations - Factors Affecting Operating Results" in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018 for a discussion of key factors affecting operating results in each of our business segments. In addition, you should refer to “Item 9A, Controls and Procedures” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018 and to “Item 4, Controls and Procedures” in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the period ended March 31, 2019 for a discussion of our internal controls over financial reporting.

Non-U.S. GAAP Financial Measures

Total segment earnings before interest and taxes (“EBIT”) is an operating performance measure used by Bunge’s management to evaluate segment operating activities. Bunge’s management believes total segment EBIT is a useful measure of operating profitability, since the measure allows for an evaluation of the performance of its segments without regard to its financing methods or capital structure. In addition, EBIT is a financial measure that is widely used by analysts and investors in Bunge’s industry. Total Segment EBIT is a non-U.S. GAAP financial measure and is not intended to replace net income (loss) attributable to Bunge, the most directly comparable U.S. GAAP financial measure. Further, Total Segment EBIT excludes EBIT attributable to noncontrolling interests and is not a measure of consolidated operating results under U.S. GAAP and should not be considered as an alternative to net income (loss) or any other measure of consolidated operating results under U.S. GAAP. See the reconciliation of Total Segment EBIT to net income (loss) attributable to Bunge below.

Segment Overview

Agribusiness - EBIT for the first quarter of 2019 was $109 million compared to $42 million in the first quarter of 2018. In Oilseeds, soy crush margins were higher in the U.S., Brazil and Europe, due to our decision in 2018 to hedge a portion of our first-half 2019 crush capacity before market conditions weakened. These improvements were partially offset by lower results in Argentina and China. Softseed processing results increased due to higher margins in Europe and Canada, partially offset by lower results in China. Oilseed trading and distribution results were lower than last year, which benefited from higher volatility in 2018. Additionally, first quarter results in 2018 were impacted by negative mark-to-market related to forward oilseed crushing contracts.
In Grains, lower margins and volumes due to the combination of farmer retention of soybeans and reduced export demand from China negatively impacted results in both our origination, and trading and distribution businesses. While risk management was a positive contributor to the quarter, results were lower than last year.

Edible Oil Products - EBIT for the first quarter of 2019 was $48 million compared to $28 million in the first quarter of 2018. Higher results in the quarter were primarily associated with the acquisition of IOI Loders Croklaan ("Loders") in March 2018 and improved performance in our packaged oil businesses in Brazil and Europe, which benefited from higher volumes and lower costs, partially offset by lower results in Asia.
Milling Products - EBIT for the first quarter of 2019 was $17 million compared to $17 million in the first quarter of 2018. Higher results in Brazil due to lower costs from the depreciation of the Brazilian real against the U.S. dollar were offset by lower results in Mexico, which were impacted by lower volumes and margins. Results in the U.S. were similar to last year.
Sugar and Bioenergy - EBIT was a loss of $24 million for both the first quarters of 2019 and 2018. For the first quarter of 2019, sugarcane milling results were impacted by lower sugar and ethanol prices, which were offset by lower costs. The first quarter is the inter-harvest period in Brazil when sugarcane mills in the Center-South region typically do not operate for most of the quarter and are selling sugar and ethanol inventories from the previous sugarcane harvest.


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Fertilizer - EBIT for the first quarter of 2019 was $1 million compared to a loss of $2 million in the first quarter of 2018. Higher results in the quarter were primarily driven by lower costs related to restructuring of our operations in Argentina.
Three Months Ended March 31, 2019 Compared to Three Months Ended March 31, 2018

Net Income (Loss) Attributable to Bunge - For the quarter ended March 31, 2019, net income attributable to Bunge increased by $66 million to $45 million from a loss of $21 million for the quarter ended March 31, 2018. This increase resulted primarily from an increase in segment EBIT of $90 million, predominantly in our Agribusiness and Edible Oil Products segments, partially offset by higher income taxes.
Income Tax Expense - For the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, income tax expense related to continuing operations was $38 million and $19 million, respectively. The higher income tax expense for the first quarter of 2019 compared to the same period last year is primarily due to higher overall pre-tax income. The effective tax rates for the first quarters of 2019 and 2018 are impacted by a less favorable earnings mix associated with pretax losses in certain jurisdictions.
Segment Results
A summary of certain items in our condensed consolidated statements of income and volumes by reportable segment for the periods indicated is set forth below.
 
 
Three Months Ended
March 31,
(US$ in millions, except volumes)
 
2019
 
2018
Volumes (in thousands of metric tons):
 
 

 
 

Agribusiness
 
34,429

 
35,805

Edible Oil Products
 
2,309

 
2,008

Milling Products
 
1,105

 
1,135

Sugar and Bioenergy
 
816

 
1,447

Fertilizer
 
196

 
172

 
 
 
 
 
Net sales:
 
 

 
 

Agribusiness
 
$
6,919

 
$
7,462

Edible Oil Products
 
2,239

 
2,149

Milling Products
 
426

 
409

Sugar and Bioenergy
 
285

 
563

Fertilizer
 
69

 
58

Total
 
$
9,938

 
$
10,641

 
 
 
 
 
Cost of goods sold:
 
 

 
 

Agribusiness
 
$
(6,684
)
 
$
(7,259
)
Edible Oil Products
 
(2,089
)
 
(2,023
)
Milling Products
 
(377
)
 
(355
)
Sugar and Bioenergy
 
(287
)
 
(567
)
Fertilizer
 
(64
)
 
(53
)
Total
 
$
(9,501
)
 
$
(10,257
)
 
 
 
 
 
Gross profit:
 
 

 
 

Agribusiness
 
$
235

 
$
203

Edible Oil Products
 
150

 
126

Milling Products
 
49

 
54


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Sugar and Bioenergy
 
(2
)
 
(4
)
Fertilizer
 
5

 
5

Total
 
$
437

 
$
384

 
 
 
 
 
Selling, general and administrative expenses:
 
 

 
 

Agribusiness
 
$
(152
)
 
$
(185
)
Edible Oil Products
 
(99
)
 
(91
)
Milling Products
 
(33
)
 
(39
)
Sugar and Bioenergy
 
(18
)
 
(24
)
Fertilizer
 
(3
)
 
(5
)
Total
 
$
(305
)
 
$
(344
)
 
 
 
 
 
Foreign exchange gains (losses):
 
 

 
 

Agribusiness
 
$
(8
)
 
$
—

Edible Oil Products
 
2

 
(1
)
Milling Products
 
2

 
2

Sugar and Bioenergy
 
(3
)
 
1

Fertilizer
 
—

 
(2
)
Total
 
$
(7
)
 
$
—

 
 
 
 
 
EBIT attributable to noncontrolling interests:
 
 

 
 

Agribusiness
 
$
2

 
$
—

Edible Oil Products
 
(6
)
 
(3
)
Milling Products
 
—

 
—

Sugar and Bioenergy
 
(1
)
 
1

Fertilizer
 
—

 
(1
)
Total
 
$
(5
)
 
$
(3
)
 
 
 
 
 
Other income (expense) - net:
 
 

 
 

Agribusiness
 
$
32

 
$
24

Edible Oil Products
 
1

 
(3
)
Milling Products
 
(1
)
 
—

Sugar and Bioenergy
 
—

 
2

Fertilizer
 
(1
)
 
1

Unallocated
 
—

 


Total
 
$
31

 
$
24

 
 
 
 
 
Segment EBIT:
 
 

 
 

Agribusiness
 
$
109

 
$
42

Edible Oil Products
 
48

 
28

Milling Products
 
17

 
17

Sugar and Bioenergy
 
(24
)
 
(24
)
Fertilizer
 
1

 
(2
)
Unallocated
 
—

 
—

Total
 
$
151

 
$
61


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Table of Contents

A reconciliation of Net income (loss) attributable to Bunge to Total Segment EBIT follows:
 
 
Three Months Ended
March 31,
(US$ in millions)
 
2019
 
2018
Net income (loss) attributable to Bunge
 
$
45

 
$
(21
)
Interest income
 
(7
)
 
(8
)
Interest expense
 
75

 
70

Income tax expense (benefit)
 
38

 
19

(Income) loss from discontinued operations, net of tax
 
—

 
2

Noncontrolling interest's share of interest and tax
 
—

 
(1
)
Total Segment EBIT
 
$
151

 
$
61


Agribusiness Segment - Agribusiness segment net sales decreased by 7% to $6.9 billion in the first quarter of 2019, compared to $7.5 billion in the first quarter of 2018. The decrease was primarily due to lower volumes and on average lower prices in our grain businesses and lower prices in our oilseed processing business, associated with lower supply in North America due to severe weather conditions, lower demand from China as a result of the African Swine Fever outbreak, and slow farmer selling in Argentina. These lower net sales were partially offset by an increase in our oilseed trading and distribution business from higher volumes.

Cost of goods sold decreased by 8%, primarily in our grain origination, grain trading and distribution, and oilseed processing businesses related to lower volumes and prices, partially offset by an increase from our oilseed trading and distribution business as discussed above.

Gross profit increased by $32 million in the first quarter of 2019 to $235 million from $203 million in the first quarter of 2018. The increase was primarily in the U.S., Europe, and Brazil, resulting from hedging soy crush margins at the higher levels during the second half of last year. Additionally, improved results in softseed processing due to higher margins in Europe and Canada, and better results in our ocean freight business contributed to the overall improvement compared to the prior year. Partially offsetting these improvements were lower results in our grain origination, and grain trading and distribution businesses driven by lower volumes and margins in all regions, and lower oilseed processing results in Argentina and China. Gross profit in the first quarter of 2018 was impacted by negative mark-to-market related to forward oilseed crushing contracts.

SG&A expenses decreased $33 million to $152 million in the first quarter of 2019, from $185 million in the same period last year. The decrease was mainly due to savings from our global competitiveness program ("GCP"), as well as lower charges recognized in the first quarter of 2019 associated with execution of the GCP as compared to the same period last year, and from the depreciation of the Brazilian real against the U.S. dollar.

Foreign exchange results in the first quarter of 2019 were losses of $8 million, compared to nil in the first quarter of 2018. These results were primarily related to net losses on currency hedges.

Other income (expenses) - net was income of $32 million in the first quarter of 2019, compared to income of $24 million in the first quarter of 2018. The increase was primarily due to improved results from soy crush equity method investments in Asia and South America.

Segment EBIT increased by $67 million to $109 million in the first quarter of 2019 from $42 million in the first quarter of 2018. The increase was primarily due to higher soy crush and softseed processing results, better results from ocean freight and lower SG&A expenses, partially offset by lower results in our grain businesses.

Edible Oil Products Segment - Edible Oil Products segment net sales increased by 4% in the first quarter of 2019 to $2.2 billion, compared to $2.1 billion in the first quarter of 2018, resulting primarily from a 15% increase in volumes driven by our acquisition of Loders in March 2018. This was partially offset by lower prices in North America and the impact of the depreciation of the Brazilian real and the euro against the U.S. dollar.
Cost of goods sold in the first quarter of 2019 increased 3% from the same period of 2018, which is substantially in line with the increase in net sales noted above, and primarily driven by the impact of the acquisition of Loders in March 2018.

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Table of Contents


Gross profit in the first quarter of 2019 increased by 19% to $150 million compared to $126 million for the first quarter of 2018. The increase was primarily due to the acquisition of Loders and improved results in Brazil from higher volumes and lower industrial costs.

SG&A expenses increased to $99 million in the first quarter of 2019 compared with $91 million in the same period a year ago. The increase was related to the acquisition of Loders, partially offset by lower costs in Europe and Brazil due to the depreciation of the euro and Brazilian real against the U.S. dollar, as well as savings from the GCP across all regions.

Segment EBIT increased to $48 million for the first quarter of 2019 from $28 million in the first quarter of 2018. The increase was primarily from higher gross profit due to the acquisition of Loders and improved results in Brazil and Europe.

Milling Products Segment - Milling Products segment net sales were $426 million in the first quarter of 2019, 4% higher compared to $409 million for the same period a year ago, primarily driven by Brazil, resulting from increased prices for wheat products, and the U.S., from the acquisition of two corn mills in the U.S. ("Minsa") in the first quarter of 2018. These increases were partially offset by lower volumes in Mexico.

Cost of goods sold increased by 6% to $377 million for the first quarter of 2019 from $355 million in the first quarter of 2018, which was generally aligned with the increase in net sales and additional costs associated with the acquisition of Minsa.

Gross profit decreased to $49 million in the first quarter of 2019, compared to $54 million in the first quarter of 2018 mainly due to lower volumes and margins in Mexico.

SG&A expenses of $33 million in the first quarter of 2019 decreased by $6 million compared to 2018. The decrease was primarily due to savings from the GCP and the depreciation of the Brazilian real against the U.S. dollar. Additionally, the first quarter of 2018 was impacted by acquisition costs related to Minsa.

Segment EBIT was $17 million in the first quarter of 2019, compared to $17 million last year, as lower gross profit was offset by lower SG&A costs.

Sugar and Bioenergy Segment - Sugar and Bioenergy segment net sales decreased 49% to $285 million in the first quarter of 2019 compared to $563 million in the same quarter last year. The decrease in net sales was primarily due to exiting our international trading and merchandising business in 2018, as well as lower global prices of sugar and ethanol.

Cost of goods sold decreased 49% in the first quarter of 2019 compared to the same period of 2018, which is in line with lower net sales.

Gross profit increased $2 million to a loss of $2 million reported in the first quarter of 2019 from a loss of $4 million in 2018, as lower industrial costs were substantially offset by lower margins.

SG&A expenses of $18 million in the first quarter of 2019 decreased by $6 million from $24 million in the same period of 2018, primarily due to savings from the GCP and the impact of the depreciation of the Brazilian real against the U.S. dollar.

Foreign exchange results in the first quarter of 2019 were losses of $3 million, compared to gains of $1 million in the first quarter of 2018. These results relate primarily to hedging activities on forward sales positions.

Segment EBIT was a loss of $24 million in the first quarters of both 2019 and 2018. Lower SG&A expenses and improved gross profit were offset by higher foreign exchange losses and lower results in our unconsolidated joint ventures.

Fertilizer Segment - Fertilizer segment net sales were $69 million in the first quarter of 2019 compared to $58 million in the first quarter of 2018. The increase was primarily due to higher volumes and prices in Argentina, partially offset by reduced port services in Brazil.


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Table of Contents

Cost of goods sold increased to $64 million in the first quarter of 2019, from $53 million in the first quarter of 2018, primarily due to higher sales and higher raw materials costs due to prior restructuring actions, partially offset by lower industrial costs from such prior restructuring actions.

Gross profit was $5 million in the first quarter of 2019 unchanged from the comparable period last year, as lower margins were offset by industrial cost savings.

SG&A expenses were $3 million in the first quarter of 2019, compared to $5 million in the comparable period of 2018. The decrease was primarily due to certain bad debt recoveries during 2019.
    
Segment EBIT increased by $3 million to $1 million in the first quarter of 2019 as compared to a loss of $2 million in the same period a year ago. The increase was primarily due to lower overall expenses, partially offset by lower margins.
 
Interest - A summary of consolidated interest income and expense follows:
 
 
Three Months Ended
March 31,
(US$ in millions)
 
2019
 
2018
Interest income
 
$
7

 
$
8

Interest expense
 
(75
)
 
(70
)

Interest income decreased to $7 million in the first quarter of 2019 compared to $8 million in the first quarter of 2018. Interest expense increased by $5 million compared to 2018, primarily due to higher interest rates, partially offset by lower, on average outstanding debt balances.

Liquidity and Capital Resources
Liquidity
Our main financial objectives are to prudently manage financial risks, ensure consistent access to liquidity and minimize cost of capital in order to efficiently finance our business and maintain balance sheet strength. We generally finance our ongoing operations with cash flows generated from operations, issuance of commercial paper, borrowings under various bilateral and syndicated revolving credit facilities, term loans and proceeds from the issuance of senior notes. Acquisitions and long-lived assets are generally financed with a combination of equity and long-term debt.
Our current ratio, which is a widely used measure of liquidity and is defined as current assets divided by current liabilities, was 1.40 and 1.54 at March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively.
Cash and Cash Equivalents - Cash and cash equivalents were $464 million and $389 million at March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively. Cash balances are managed in accordance with our investment policy, the objectives of which are to preserve the principal value of our cash assets, maintain a high degree of liquidity and deliver competitive returns subject to prevailing market conditions. Cash balances are typically invested in short term deposits with highly-rated financial institutions and in U.S. government securities.
Readily Marketable Inventories (“RMI”) - RMI are agricultural commodity inventories such as soybeans, soybean meal, soybean oil, corn, wheat and sugar that are readily convertible to cash because of their commodity characteristics, widely available markets and international pricing mechanisms. Total RMI reported at fair value were $4,502 million and $4,532 million at March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively (see Note 6 - Inventories, to our condensed consolidated financial statements).
Financing Arrangements and Outstanding Indebtedness - We conduct most of our financing activities through a centralized financing structure that provides the company efficient access to debt and capital markets. This structure includes a master trust, the primary assets of which consist of intercompany loans made to Bunge Limited and its subsidiaries. Certain of Bunge Limited’s 100% owned finance subsidiaries, Bunge Limited Finance Corp., Bunge Finance Europe B.V. and Bunge Asset Funding Corp., fund the master trust with short and long-term debt obtained from third parties, including through our commercial paper program and certain credit facilities, as well as the issuance of senior notes. Borrowings by these finance subsidiaries carry full, unconditional guarantees by Bunge Limited.
Revolving Credit Facilities - At March 31, 2019, we had approximately $5,015 million of aggregate committed borrowing capacity under our commercial paper program and various revolving bilateral and syndicated credit facilities, of

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which $4,319 million was unused and available. The following table summarizes these facilities as of the periods presented:
(US$ in millions)
 
 
 
Total Committed
Capacity
 
Borrowings Outstanding
Commercial Paper Program
and Revolving Credit Facilities
 
Maturities
 
March 31,
2019
 
March 31,
2019
 
December 31,
2018
Commercial paper
 
2020
 
$
600

 
$
596

 
$
—

Long-term revolving credit facilities (1)
 
2020 - 2023
 
$
4,415

 
100

 
500

Total
 
 
 
$
5,015

 
$
696

 
$
500

 
(1) 
Borrowings under the revolving credit facilities that have maturities greater than one year from the date of the condensed consolidated balance sheets are classified as long-term debt, consistent with the long-term maturity of the underlying facilities. However, individual borrowings under the revolving credit facilities are generally short-term in nature, bear interest at variable rates and can be repaid or renewed as each such individual borrowing matures.
We had no borrowings outstanding at March 31, 2019 under our unsecured $1,100 million five-year syndicated revolving credit agreement (the "Credit Agreement") with certain lenders party thereto maturing December 14, 2023. We have the option to request an extension of the maturity date of the Credit Agreement for two additional one-year periods, subject to the consent of the lenders. Borrowings under the Credit Agreement will bear interest at LIBOR plus a margin, which will vary from 1.00% to 1.625%, based on the credit ratings of our senior long-term unsecured debt ("Rating Level"). Amounts under the Credit Agreement that remain undrawn are subject to a commitment fee at rates ranging from 0.09% to 0.225%, varying based on the Rating Level. We may, from time to time, request one or more of the existing lenders or new lenders to increase the total commitments under the Credit Agreement by up to $200 million pursuant to an accordion provision.
We had $100 million of borrowings outstanding at March 31, 2019 under our $1,750 million unsecured syndicated revolving credit facility with certain lenders party thereto maturing December 12, 2020 (the ‘‘2020 Facility’’). Borrowings under the 2020 Facility bear interest at LIBOR plus a margin, which will vary from 0.30% to 1.30% per annum, based on the credit ratings of our senior long-term unsecured debt. We also pay a fee that varies from 0.10% to 0.40% per annum, based on the utilization of the 2020 Facility. Amounts under the 2020 Facility that remain undrawn are subject to a commitment fee payable quarterly in arrears at a rate of 35% of the margin specified above, which varies based on the rating level at each quarterly payment date. We may, from time to time, with the consent of the facility agent, request one or more of the existing lenders or new lenders to increase the total commitments under the 2020 Facility by up to $250 million pursuant to an accordion provision. We have the option to request an extension of the maturity date of the 2020 Facility for two additional one-year periods. Each lender in its sole discretion may agree to any such extension request.
We had no borrowings outstanding at March 31, 2019 under our unsecured $865 million revolving credit facility, maturing September 6, 2022 (the "2022 Facility"). Borrowings under the 2022 Facility bear interest at LIBOR plus a margin, which will vary from 1.00% to 1.75% per annum, based on the credit ratings of our senior long-term unsecured debt. Amounts under the 2022 Facility that remain undrawn are subject to a commitment fee payable quarterly based on the average undrawn portion of the 2022 Facility at rates ranging from 0.125% to 0.275%, based on the credit ratings of our senior long-term unsecured debt.
We had no borrowings outstanding at March 31, 2019 under our unsecured $700 million, 5-year revolving credit facility, maturing on May 1, 2023. We entered into this facility in connection with our previously announced strategy to reduce our exposure to the sugar milling business in Brazil. This facility is upon fulfillment of certain conditions convertible into a non-recourse secured term loan facility with our sugar milling business as the borrower, and therewith providing financial flexibility for us to fund our sugar milling business on a stand-alone basis. Additionally, subject to lender approval, we may request an increase, in an amount not to exceed $100 million, to the revolving credit facility commitments pursuant to an accordion provision set forth in the revolving credit facility.
Our commercial paper program is supported by committed back-up bank credit lines (the ‘‘Liquidity Facility’’) equal to the amount of the commercial paper program provided by lending institutions that are required to be rated at least A-1 by Standard & Poor’s and P-1 by Moody’s Investor Services. The cost of borrowing under the Liquidity Facility would typically be higher than the cost of issuance under our commercial paper program. At March 31, 2019, $596 million of borrowings were outstanding under the commercial paper program and no borrowings were outstanding under the Liquidity Facility. The Liquidity Facility is our only revolving credit facility that requires lenders to maintain minimum credit ratings.

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In addition to committed credit facilities, from time to time, through our financing subsidiaries, we enter into bilateral short-term credit lines as necessary based on our financing requirements. At March 31, 2019 there were $275 million of borrowings outstanding under these bilateral short-term credit lines.
Short and long-term debt - Our short and long-term debt increased by $596 million at March 31, 2019 from December 31, 2018, primarily due to the funding of working capital requirements. For the three months ended March 31, 2019, our average short and long-term debt outstanding was approximately $6,007 million compared to approximately $5,590 million for the three months ended at March 31, 2018. Our long-term debt balance was $4,235 million at March 31, 2019 compared to $4,622 million at December 31, 2018. The following table summarizes our short-term debt at March 31, 2019.
(US$ in millions)
 
Outstanding
Balance at March 31, 2019
 
Weighted Average
Interest Rate at
March 31, 2019
 
Highest Balance
Outstanding During
Quarter Ended March 31, 2019
 
Average Balance
During Quarter Ended March 31, 2019
 
Weighted Average
Interest Rate
During Quarter Ended March 31, 2019
Bank borrowings (1)
 
$
1,137

 
6.91
%
 
$
1,137

 
$
953

 
6.50
%
Commercial paper
 
596

 
2.96
%
 
596

 
397

 
3.03
%
Total
 
$
1,733

 


 
$
1,733

 
$
1,350

 


 
(1)
Includes $213 million of local currency bank borrowings in certain Central and Eastern European, South American, and Asia Pacific countries at a weighted average interest rate of 22.11% as of March 31, 2019.

The following table summarizes our short and long-term indebtedness:
(US$ in millions)
 
March 31,
2019

December 31,
2018
Short-term debt: (1)
 
20

 
 

Short-term debt (2)
 
$
1,733

 
$
750

Current portion of long-term debt
 
414

 
419

Total short-term debt
 
2,147

 
1,169

 
 
 
 
 
Long-term debt (3):
 
 

 
 

Revolving credit facility expiry 2020
 
100

 
500

Term loan due 2019 - three-month Yen LIBOR plus 0.75% (Tranche A)
 
257

 
258

Term loan due 2019 - fixed Yen interest rate of 0.96% (Tranche B)
 
54

 
54

Term loan due 2019 - three-month LIBOR plus 1.30% (Tranche C)
 
85

 
85

3.50% Senior Notes due 2020
 
499

 
498

3.00% Senior Notes due 2022
 
397

 
397

1.85% Senior Notes due 2023 - Euro
 
899

 
916

4.35% Senior Notes due 2024
 
595

 
595

3.25% Senior Notes due 2026
 
695

 
695

3.75% Senior Notes due 2027
 
594

 
594

Other
 
60

 
30

Subtotal
 
4,235

 
4,622

Less: Current portion of long-term debt
 
(414
)
 
(419
)
Total long-term debt
 
3,821

 
4,203

Total debt
 
$
5,968

 
$
5,372

 
(1) 
Includes secured debt of $4 million and $9 million at March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively.

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(2) 
Includes $213 million and $136 million of local currency bank borrowings in certain Central and Eastern European, South American, African and Asia-Pacific countries at a weighted average interest rate of 22.11% and 23.61% as of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively.
(3) 
Includes secured debt of $26 million and $17 million at March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively.
Credit Ratings — Bunge’s debt ratings and outlook by major credit rating agencies at March 31, 2019 was as follows:
 
 
Short-term
Debt (1)
 
Long-term
Debt
 
Outlook
Standard & Poor’s
 
A-1
 
BBB
 
Negative
Moody’s
 
P-1
 
Baa3
 
Stable
Fitch
 
F1
 
BBB-
 
Stable
 
(1)
Short-term debt rating applies only to Bunge Asset Funding Corp., the issuer under our commercial paper program.
Our debt agreements do not have any credit rating downgrade triggers that would accelerate maturity of our debt. However, credit rating downgrades would increase our borrowing costs under our syndicated credit facilities and, depending on their severity, could impede our ability to obtain credit facilities or access the capital markets in the future on competitive terms. A significant increase in our borrowing costs could impair our ability to compete effectively in our business relative to competitors with higher credit ratings.
Our credit facilities and certain senior notes require us to comply with specified financial covenants including minimum net worth, minimum current ratio, a maximum debt to capitalization ratio and limitations on secured indebtedness. We were in compliance with these covenants as of March 31, 2019.
Trade Receivable Securitization Program - We participate in a trade receivable securitization program (the "Program"), which provides us with an additional source of liquidity. The Program terminates on May 26, 2021, however, each committed purchaser's commitment to fund trade receivables sold under the Program would have terminated on May 26, 2019 unless extended in accordance with the terms of the receivables transfer agreement. On February 19, 2019, we extended the committed purchasers' commitments to fund trade accounts receivables under the Program until May 26, 2020 and exercised a portion of the $300 million accordion feature under the Program to increase the aggregate size of the facility by $100 million to an aggregate of $800 million.
Equity
Total equity is set forth in the following table:
(US$ in millions)
 
March 31,
2019

December 31, 2018
Equity:
 
 

 
 

Convertible perpetual preference shares
 
$
690

 
$
690

Common shares
 
1

 
1

Additional paid-in capital
 
5,284

 
5,278

Retained earnings
 
8,045

 
8,059

Accumulated other comprehensive income
 
(7,000
)
 
(6,935
)
Treasury shares, at cost - 2019 and 2018 - 12,882,313 shares
 
(920
)
 
(920
)
Total Bunge shareholders’ equity
 
6,100

 
6,173

Noncontrolling interest
 
204

 
205

Total equity
 
$
6,304

 
$
6,378

Total Bunge shareholders’ equity was $6,100 million at March 31, 2019 compared to $6,173 million at December 31, 2018. The decrease in shareholders’ equity during the three months ended March 31, 2019 was primarily due to $23 million of losses associated with hedging activities, $20 million cumulative translation loss and declared dividends to common and preferred shareholders of $71 million and $8 million, respectively, partially offset by $45 million of net income attributable to Bunge.
Noncontrolling interest decreased to $204 million at March 31, 2019 from $205 million at December 31, 2018.

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As of March 31, 2019, we had 6,899,683 of 4.875% cumulative convertible perpetual preference shares outstanding with an aggregate liquidation preference of $690 million. Each convertible perpetual preference share has an initial liquidation preference of $100, which will be adjusted for any accumulated and unpaid dividends. The convertible perpetual preference shares carry an annual dividend of $4.875 per share payable quarterly. As a result of adjustments made to the initial conversion price because cash dividends paid on Bunge Limited’s common shares exceeded certain specified thresholds, each convertible perpetual preference share is convertible, at the holder’s option, at any time into 1.1995 Bunge Limited common shares, based on the conversion price of $83.3696 per share, subject to certain additional anti-dilution adjustments (which represents 8,276,170 Bunge Limited common shares at March 31, 2019). At any time, if the closing price of our common shares equals or exceeds 130% of the conversion price for 20 trading days during any consecutive 30 trading days (including the last trading day of such period), we may elect to cause the convertible perpetual preference shares to be automatically converted into Bunge Limited common shares at the then-prevailing conversion price. The convertible perpetual preference shares are not redeemable by us at any time.
Cash Flows
Our cash flows from operations vary depending on, among other items, the market prices and timing of the purchase and sale of our inventories. Generally, during periods when commodity prices are rising, our Agribusiness operations require increased use of cash to support working capital to acquire inventories and fund daily settlement requirements on exchange traded futures that we use to minimize price risk related to the purchase and sale of our inventories.
For the three months ended March 31, 2019, our cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash increased by $76 million, compared to a decrease of $313 million in cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash for the three months ended March 31, 2018.
Cash used for operating activities was $402 million for the three months ended March 31, 2019 compared to $1,773 million for the three months ended March 31, 2018. Net cash outflows for operating activities was lower for the three months ended March 31, 2019, primarily due to lower working capital requirements, the lower use of cash associated with beneficial interests in securitized trade receivables, and higher net income during 2019 compared to the three months ended March 31, 2018.
Certain of our non-U.S. operating subsidiaries are primarily funded with U.S. dollar-denominated debt, while currency risk is hedged with U.S. dollar-denominated assets. The functional currency of our operating subsidiaries is generally the local currency. The financial statements of our subsidiaries are calculated in the functional currency, and when the local currency is the functional currency, translated into U.S. dollar. U.S. dollar-denominated loans are remeasured into their respective functional currencies at exchange rates at the applicable balance sheet date. Also, certain of our U.S. dollar functional operating subsidiaries outside the U.S. are partially funded with local currency borrowings, while the currency risk is hedged with local currency denominated assets. Local currency loans in U.S. dollar functional currency subsidiaries outside the U.S. are remeasured into U.S. dollars at the exchange rate on the applicable balance sheet date. The resulting gain or loss is included in our condensed consolidated statements of income as foreign exchange gains or losses. For the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, we recorded foreign currency losses on our debt of $37 million and $33 million, respectively, which were included as adjustments to reconcile net income to cash used for operating activities in the line item “Foreign exchange loss on net debt” in our condensed consolidated statements of cash flows. This adjustment is required as these losses are non-cash items that arise from financing activities and therefore will have no impact on cash flows from operations.
Cash used for investing activities was $41 million in the three months ended March 31, 2019 compared to $707 million in the three months ended March 31, 2018. For the three months ended March 31, 2019, payments were made for capital expenditures of $119 million, primarily related to replanting of sugarcane for our industrial sugar business in Brazil, as well as other capital projects at various facilities. In addition, payments were made for investments of $193 million, primarily related to deposits in South America related to financial services, which were partially offset by proceeds from such investments of $37 million. Additionally, cash outflows of $51 million occurred in the three months ended March 31, 2019, primarily due to the settlement of Brazilian real denominated net investment hedges, as a result of the depreciation of the Brazilian real relative to the U.S. dollar in 2019. Cash provided by investing activities was primarily associated with proceeds of $275 million from beneficial interests in securitized trade receivables. For the three months ended March 31, 2018, payments made for capital expenditures were $105 million, primarily related to replanting of sugarcane for our industrial sugar business in Brazil, as well as other capital projects at various facilities. In addition, we acquired Loders for $895 million, net of cash acquired and Minsa Corporation for $73 million, net of cash acquired. These payments were partially offset by proceeds of $662 million from beneficial interests in securitized trade receivables. In addition, payments were made for investments of $620 million, primarily related to deposits, treasuries and bonds in South America related to financial services, which were substantially offset by proceeds from such investments of $336 million.
Cash provided by financing activities was $513 million in the three months ended March 31, 2019, compared to $2,174 million in the three months ended March 31, 2018. In the three months ended March 31, 2019, the net increase of $590

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million in borrowings was primarily related to the funding of working capital needs, payments for investments and to finance capital expenditures. In addition, we paid dividends of $79 million to our common shareholders and holders of our convertible preference shares. In the three months ended March 31, 2018, the net increase of $2,248 million in borrowings was primarily related to the funding of acquisitions, working capital needs and to finance capital expenditures. In addition, we paid dividends of $73 million to our common shareholders and holders of our convertible preference shares.
Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements
Guarantees - We have issued or were a party to the following guarantees at March 31, 2019:
(US$ in millions)
 
Maximum
Potential
Future
Payments
Unconsolidated affiliates guarantee (1)(2)
 
$
310

Residual value guarantee (3)
 
264

Total
 
$
574

 
(1) 
We have issued guarantees to certain financial institutions related to debt of certain of our unconsolidated affiliates. The terms of the guarantees are equal to the terms of the related financings which have maturity dates through 2034. There are no recourse provisions or collateral that would enable us to recover any amounts paid under these guarantees. In addition, one of our subsidiaries has guaranteed the obligations of two of its affiliates and in connection therewith has secured its guarantee obligations through a pledge of one of its affiliate's shares plus loans receivable from the affiliate to the financial institutions in the event that the guaranteed obligations are enforced. Based on the amounts drawn under such debt facilities at March 31, 2019, our potential liability was $147 million, and we have recorded a $19 million obligation related to these guarantees.
(2) 
We have issued guarantees to certain third parties related to performance of our unconsolidated affiliates. The terms of the guarantees are equal to the completion date of a port terminal which is expected to be completed in 2020. There are no recourse provisions or collateral that would enable us to recover any amounts paid under these guarantees. At March 31, 2019, Bunge's maximum potential future payments under these guarantees was $64 million, and no obligation has been recorded related to these guarantees.
(3) 
We have issued guarantees to certain financial institutions which are party to certain operating lease arrangements for railcars and barges. These guarantees provide for a minimum residual value to be received by the lessor at the conclusion of the lease term. These leases expire at various dates from 2019 through 2024. At March 31, 2019, no obligation has been recorded related to these guarantees. Any obligation recorded would be recognized in Current operating lease obligations or Non-current operating lease obligations (see Note 4, Leases, to our condensed consolidated financial statements).
We have provided a guarantee to the Director of the Illinois Department of Agriculture as Trustee for Bunge North America, Inc. (“BNA”), an indirect wholly-owned subsidiary, which guarantees all amounts due and owing by BNA, to grain producers and/or depositors in the State of Illinois who have delivered commodities to BNA’s Illinois facilities.
In addition, Bunge Limited has provided full and unconditional parent level guarantees of the outstanding indebtedness under certain credit facilities entered into and senior notes issued by its 100% owned subsidiaries. At March 31, 2019, debt with a carrying amount of $5,302 million related to these guarantees is included in our condensed consolidated balance sheet. This debt includes the senior notes issued by two of our 100% owned finance subsidiaries, Bunge Limited Finance Corp. and Bunge Finance Europe B.V. There are largely no restrictions on the ability of Bunge Limited Finance Corp. and Bunge Finance Europe B.V. or any other of our subsidiaries to transfer funds to Bunge Limited.
Dividends
We paid a regular quarterly cash dividend of $0.50 per share on March 4, 2019 to common shareholders of record on February 19, 2019. In addition, we paid a quarterly dividend of $1.21875 per share on our cumulative convertible perpetual preference shares on March 1, 2019 to shareholders of record on February 15, 2019. On March 13, 2019, we announced that our Board of Directors had approved a regular quarterly cash dividend of $0.50 per common share. The dividend will be payable on June 3, 2019 to common shareholders of record on May 20, 2019. We also announced on March 13, 2019 that we will pay a quarterly cash dividend of $1.21875 per share on our cumulative convertible perpetual preference shares on June 1, 2019 to shareholders of record on May 15, 2019.

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Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates
Critical accounting policies are defined as those policies that are significant to our financial condition and results of operations and require management to exercise significant judgment. For a complete discussion of our accounting policies, see our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018, filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission. There were no material changes to Bunge’s critical accounting policies during the three months ended March 31, 2019. For recent accounting pronouncements refer to Note 2 to the condensed consolidated financial statements in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.

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ITEM 3. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK
Risk Management
As a result of our global activities, we are exposed to changes in, among other things, agricultural commodity prices, transportation costs, foreign currency exchange rates, interest rates and energy costs which may affect our results of operations and financial position. We actively monitor and manage these various market risks associated with our business activities. Our risk management decisions take place in various locations, but exposure limits are centrally set and monitored, operating under a global governance framework. Additionally, our Board of Directors' Finance and Risk Policy Committee oversees our global market risk governance framework, including risk management policies and limits.
We use derivative instruments for the purpose of managing the exposures associated with commodity prices, transportation costs, foreign currency exchange rates, interest rates and energy costs and for positioning our overall portfolio relative to expected market movements in accordance with established policies and procedures. We enter into derivative instruments primarily with commodity exchanges in the case of commodity futures and options, major financial institutions, or approved exchange clearing shipping companies in the case of ocean freight. While these derivative instruments are subject to fluctuations in value, for hedged exposures those fluctuations are generally offset by the changes in fair value of the underlying exposures. The derivative instruments that we use for hedging purposes are intended to reduce the volatility on our results of operations; however, they can occasionally result in earnings volatility, which may be material. See Note 12 to the condensed consolidated financial statements in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for a more detailed discussion of our use of derivative instruments.
Credit and Counterparty Risk
Through our normal business activities, we are subject to significant credit and counterparty risks that arise through normal commercial sales and purchases, including forward commitments to buy or sell, and through various other OTC derivative instruments that we utilize to manage risks inherent in our business activities. We define credit and counterparty risk as a potential financial loss due to the failure of a counterparty to honor its obligations. The exposure is measured based upon several factors, including unpaid accounts receivable from counterparties and unrealized gains from forward cash contracts, as well as OTC derivative instruments. Credit and counterparty risk also includes sovereign credit risk. We actively monitor credit and counterparty risk through regular review of exposures and credit analysis by regional credit teams, as well as review by global and corporate committees which monitor counterparty performance. We record provisions for counterparty losses from time to time as a result of our credit and counterparty analysis.
During periods of tight conditions in global credit markets, downturns in regional or global economic conditions, and/or significant price volatility, credit and counterparty risks are heightened. This increased risk is monitored through, among other things, exposure reporting, increased communication with key counterparties, management reviews and specific focus on counterparties or groups of counterparties that we may determine as high risk. In addition, we have limited exposures and limits in certain cases and reduced our use of non-exchange cleared derivative instruments.
Commodities Risk
We operate in many areas of the food industry, from agricultural raw materials to the production and sale of branded food products. As a result, we purchase and produce various materials, many of which are agricultural commodities, including: soybeans, soybean oil, soybean meal, palm oil, softseeds (including sunflower seed, rapeseed and canola) and related oil and meal derived from them, wheat, barley, shea nut, and corn. In addition, we grow and purchase sugarcane to produce sugar, ethanol and electricity. Agricultural commodities are subject to price fluctuations due to a number of unpredictable factors that may create price risk. As described above, we are also subject to the risk of counterparty non-performance under forward purchase or sale contracts. From time to time, we have experienced instances of counterparty non-performance, as a result of significant declines in counterparty profitability under these contracts due to significant movements in commodity prices between the time the contracts were executed and the contractual forward delivery period.
We enter into various derivative contracts with the primary objective of managing our exposure to adverse price movements in the agricultural commodities used and produced in our business operations. We have established policies that limit the amount of unhedged fixed price agricultural commodity positions permissible for our operating companies, which are generally a combination of volumetric and value-at-risk ("VaR") limits. We measure and review our net commodities position on a daily basis. We also employ stress testing techniques in order to quantify its exposures to price and liquidity risks under non-normal or event driven market conditions.
Our daily net agricultural commodity position consists of inventory, forward purchase and sale contracts, and OTC and exchange traded derivative instruments, including those used to hedge portions of our production requirements. The fair value of that position is a summation of the fair values calculated for each agricultural commodity by valuing all of our

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commodity positions at quoted market prices for the period where available or utilizing a close proxy. VaR is calculated on the net position and monitored at the 95% confidence interval. In addition, scenario analysis and stress testing are performed. For example, one measure of market risk is estimated as the potential loss in fair value resulting from a hypothetical 10% adverse change in prices. The results of this analysis, which may differ from actual results, are as follows:
 
 
Three Months Ended
March 31, 2019
 
Year Ended
December 31, 2018
(US$ in millions)
 
Value
 
Market
Risk
 
Value
 
Market
Risk
Highest daily aggregated position value
 
$
405

 
$
(41
)
 
$
2,131

 
$
(213
)
Lowest daily aggregated position value
 
$
(673
)
 
$
(67
)
 
$
(624
)
 
$
(62
)
Ocean Freight Risk
Ocean freight represents a significant portion of our operating costs. The market price for ocean freight varies depending on the supply and demand for ocean vessels, global economic conditions and other factors. We enter into time charter agreements for time on ocean freight vessels based on forecasted requirements for the purpose of transporting agricultural commodities. Our time charter agreements generally have terms ranging from two months to approximately seven years. We use financial derivatives, generally freight forward agreements, to hedge portions of our ocean freight costs. The ocean freight derivatives are included in other current assets and other current liabilities on the condensed consolidated balance sheets at fair value.
Energy Risk
We purchase various energy commodities such as electricity, natural gas and bunker fuel, that are used to operate our manufacturing facilities and ocean freight vessels. We produce ethanol as part of our sugar milling operations and we also refine and produce biofuels. The energy commodities are subject to price risk. We use financial derivatives, including exchange traded and OTC swaps and options for various purposes to manage our exposure to volatility in energy costs and market prices. These energy derivatives are included in other current assets and other current liabilities on the condensed consolidated balance sheets at fair value.
Currency Risk
Our global operations require active participation in foreign exchange markets. Our primary foreign currency exposures are the Brazilian real, Canadian dollar, the Euro and the Chinese yuan/renminbi. To reduce the risk arising from foreign exchange rate fluctuations, we enter into derivative instruments, such as foreign currency forward contracts, swaps and options. The changes in market value of such contracts have a high correlation to the price changes in the related currency exposures. The potential loss in fair value for such net currency position resulting from a hypothetical 10% adverse change in foreign currency exchange rates as of March 31, 2019 was not material.
When determining our exposure, we exclude intercompany loans that are deemed to be permanently invested. The repayments of permanently invested intercompany loans are not planned or anticipated in the foreseeable future and therefore, are treated as analogous to equity for accounting purposes. As a result, the foreign exchange gains and losses on these borrowings are excluded from the determination of net income and recorded as a component of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) in the condensed consolidated balance sheets. Included in other comprehensive income (loss) are foreign exchange losses of $13 million for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and foreign exchange losses of $344 million for the year ended December 31, 2018 related to permanently invested intercompany loans.
We have significant operations in Argentina and, up until June 30, 2018, had utilized the official exchange rate of the Argentine peso published by the Argentine government for its commercial transactions and re-measurement purposes of financial statements. Argentina has experienced negative economic trends, as evidenced by multiple periods of increasing inflation rates, devaluation of the peso, and increasing borrowing rates, requiring the Argentine government to take mitigating actions. During the second quarter of 2018, it was determined that Argentina's economy should be considered highly inflationary, and as such, beginning on July 1, 2018, our Argentine subsidiaries changed their functional currency to the U.S. Dollar. This change in functional currency did not have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.
Interest Rate Risk
We have debt in fixed and floating rate instruments. We are exposed to market risk due to changes in interest rates. We may enter into interest rate swap agreements to manage our interest rate exposure related to our debt portfolio.

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The aggregate fair value of our short and long-term debt based on market yields at March 31, 2019, was $5,984 million with a carrying value of $5,968 million. There was no significant change in our interest rate risk at March 31, 2019.
A hypothetical 100 basis point increase in the interest yields on our senior note debt at March 31, 2019 would result in a decrease of approximately $62 million in the fair value of our debt. Similarly, a decrease of 100 basis points in the interest yields on our debt at March 31, 2019 would cause an increase of approximately $66 million in the fair value of our debt.
A hypothetical 1% change in LIBOR would result in a change of approximately $45 million in our interest expense on our variable rate debt at March 31, 2019. Some of our variable rate debt is denominated in currencies other than in U.S. dollars and is indexed to non-U.S. dollar-based interest rate indices, such as EURIBOR and TJLP and certain benchmark rates in local bank markets. As such, the hypothetical 1% change in interest rate ignores the potential impact of any currency movements.

ITEM 4.
CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES
Disclosure Controls and Procedures - Disclosure controls and procedures are the controls and other procedures that are designed to provide reasonable assurance that information required to be disclosed by the issuer in the reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”) is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the Securities and Exchange Commission’s rules and forms. Disclosure controls and procedures include, without limitation, controls and procedures designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by an issuer in the reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act is accumulated and communicated to the issuer’s management, including the principal executive and principal financial officer, or persons performing similar functions, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.
As of March 31, 2019, we carried out an evaluation, under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, of the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures, as that term is defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e), as of the end of the period covered by this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. Based upon that evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer have concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective at the reasonable assurance level as of the end of the period covered by this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.
Internal Controls Over Financial Reporting - There have been no changes in the Company’s internal controls over financial reporting during the first quarter ended March 31, 2019, that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company’s internal controls over financial reporting.
As part of the GCP (see Note 3 -  Global Competitiveness Program, to our condensed consolidated financial statements), the Company is simplifying organizational structures, streamlining processes and consolidating back office functions globally. In connection with this initiative, the Company has and will continue to align and streamline the design and operation of its internal controls over financial reporting. This initiative is not in response to any identified deficiency or weakness in the Company’s internal controls over financial reporting, but is expected, over time, to result in changes to the Company's internal controls over financial reporting.


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PART II.
INFORMATION
ITEM 1.
LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
From time to time, we are involved in litigation and other claims, investigations and proceedings incidental to our business. While the outcome of these matters cannot be predicted with certainty, we believe the outcome of these proceedings, net of established reserves, will not have a material adverse effect on our consolidated financial position, results of operations or liquidity.
For a discussion of certain legal and tax matters relating to Argentina and Brazil, see Note 16 to our condensed consolidated financial statements included as part of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. Additionally, we are a party to a large number of labor and civil and other claims relating to our Brazilian operations. We have reserved an aggregate of $68 million and $66 million, for labor and civil claims, respectively, as of March 31, 2019. The labor claims primarily relate to dismissals, severance, health and safety, salary adjustments and supplementary retirement benefits. The civil claims relate to various legal proceedings and disputes, including disputes with suppliers and customers and include approximately 128 million Brazilian reais (approximately $33 million as of March 31, 2019) related to a legacy environmental claim in Brazil.

ITEM 1A.
RISK FACTORS
In addition to the other information set forth in this report, you should carefully consider the factors discussed in Part I, “Item 1A. Risk Factors” in our 2018 Annual Report on Form 10-K, which could materially affect our business, financial condition or future results. The risks described in our Annual Report on Form 10-K are not the only risks facing our Company. Additional risks and uncertainties not currently known to us or that we currently deem to be immaterial also may materially adversely affect our business, financial condition and/or operating results.

ITEM 2.
UNREGISTERED SALES OF EQUITY SECURITIES AND USE OF PROCEEDS
None.

ITEM 3.
DEFAULTS UPON SENIOR SECURITIES
None.

ITEM 4.
MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES
Not applicable.

ITEM 5.
OTHER INFORMATION
None

ITEM 6.
EXHIBITS
(a) The exhibits in the accompanying Exhibit Index on page E-1 are filed or furnished as part of this Quarterly Report.

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EXHIBIT INDEX
 
Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes Oxley Act of 2002
 
 
 
 
Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes Oxley Act of 2002
 
 
 
 
Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes Oxley Act of 2002
 
 
 
 
Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes Oxley Act of 2002
 
 
 
 
Employment Agreement, dated April 25, 2019, between Bunge Limited and Gregory A. Heckman (incorporated by reference from the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on April 26, 2019).
 
 
 
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The following financial information from Bunge Limited’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarterly period ended March 31, 2019 formatted in Extensible Business Reporting Language (XBRL): (i) the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income, (ii) the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss), (iii) the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets, (iv) the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows, (v) the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Changes in Equity and Redeemable Noncontrolling Interests, and (vi) the Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.*
 
*
Filed herewith.
E-1

SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.
 
 
BUNGE LIMITED
 
 
 
 
 
 
Date: May 8, 2019
 
By:
/s/ Thomas M. Boehlert
 
 
 
Thomas M. Boehlert
 
 
 
Chief Financial Officer
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
/s/ J. Matt Simmons, Jr.
 
 
 
J. Matt Simmons, Jr.
 
 
 
Controller and Principal Accounting Officer

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