Business First Bancshares, Inc. - Quarter Report: 2019 March (Form 10-Q)

bfbi20190331_10q.htm

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UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

(Mark One)

☒

QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(D) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended March 31, 2019

☐

TRANSITION REPORT PURUSANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(D) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from to

Commission file number: 333-200112

BUSINESS FIRST BANCSHARES, INC.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)


Louisiana	20-5340628
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)	(I.R.S. Employer Identification Number)

500 Laurel Street, Suite 101 Baton Rouge, Louisiana	70801
(Address of principal executive offices)	(Zip Code)

(225) 248-7600

(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☒ No ☐

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Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer	☐	Accelerated filer	☒

Non-accelerated filer	☐	Smaller reporting company	☐

		Emerging growth company	☒

If an emerging growth company, indicate by a check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☒

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No ☒

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class	Trading Symbol(s)	Name of each exchange on which registered
Common Stock, par value $1.00 per share	BFST	NASDAQ Global Select Market

As of May 3, 2019, the issuer has outstanding 13,361,482 shares of common stock, par value $1.00 per share.

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BUSINESS FIRST BANCSHARES, INC.

PART I - FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1.	Financial Statements	4

	Consolidated Balance Sheets as of March 31, 2019 (Unaudited) and December 31, 2018	4

	Unaudited Consolidated Statements of Income for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018	5

	Unaudited Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018	6

	Unaudited Consolidated Statements of Changes in Shareholders’ Equity for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018	7

	Unaudited Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018	8

	Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements	10

Item 2.	Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	32

Item 3.	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk	58

Item 4.	Controls and Procedures	58

PART II - OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1.	Legal Proceedings	59

Item 1A.	Risk Factors	59

Item 2.	Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds	59

Item 3.	Defaults Upon Senior Securities	59

Item 4.	Mine Safety Disclosures	59

Item 5.	Other Information	59

Item 6.	Exhibits	59

Signatures		60

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PART I – FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1.

Financial Statements

BUSINESS FIRST BANCSHARES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

(Dollars in thousands, except per share data)


	March 31, 2019			December 31,
	(Unaudited)			2018
ASSETS
Cash and Due from Banks	$	52,606		$	96,072
Federal Funds Sold		30,093			41,836
Securities Available for Sale, at Fair Values		304,122			309,516
Mortgage Loans Held for Sale		753			58
Loans and Lease Receivable, Net of Allowance for Loan
Losses of $11,818 at March 31, 2019 and $11,220 at December 31, 2018		1,574,364			1,517,249
Premises and Equipment, Net		27,014			15,114
Accrued Interest Receivable		7,054			8,223
Other Equity Securities		8,508			9,282
Other Real Estate Owned		1,683			1,909
Cash Value of Life Insurance		32,050			31,882
Deferred Taxes		3,077			3,848
Goodwill		49,534			49,488
Core Deposit Intangible		7,655			7,885
Other Assets		2,887			2,534
Total Assets	$	2,101,400		$	2,094,896

LIABILITIES
Deposits:
Noninterest Bearing	$	396,775		$	382,354
Interest Bearing		1,347,608			1,351,580
Total Deposits		1,744,383			1,733,934
Securities Sold Under Agreements to Repurchase		11,070			12,229
Subordinated Debt		25,000			25,000
Federal Home Loan Bank Borrowings		30,000			55,000
Accrued Interest Payable		2,039			1,374
Other Liabilities		19,764			7,301
Total Liabilities		1,832,256			1,834,838

Commitments and Contingencies (See Note 7)

SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY
Preferred Stock, No Par Value; 5,000,000 Shares Authorized		-			-
Common Stock, $1 Par Value; 50,000,000 Shares Authorized; 13,361,482 and 13,213,280 Shares Issued and Outstanding at March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively		13,361			13,213
Additional Paid-in Capital		213,537			212,332
Retained Earnings		42,576			37,982
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss		(330	)		(3,469	)
Total Shareholders' Equity		269,144			260,058
Total Liabilities and Shareholders' Equity	$	2,101,400		$	2,094,896

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements.

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BUSINESS FIRST BANCSHARES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME

(Dollars in thousands, except per share data)

	For The Three Months Ended March 31,
	2019		2018
Interest Income:
Interest and Fees on Loans	$	22,423	$	15,676
Interest and Dividends on Securities		1,874		1,423
Interest on Federal Funds Sold and Due From Banks		290		127
Total Interest Income		24,587		17,226
Interest Expense:
Interest on Deposits		4,757		2,298
Interest on Borrowings		710		428
Total Interest Expense		5,467		2,726
Net Interest Income		19,120		14,500
Provision for Loan Losses		633		474
Net Interest Income after Provision for Loan Losses		18,487		14,026
Other Income:
Service Charges on Deposit Accounts		938		610
Other Income		1,373		1,125
Total Other Income		2,311		1,735
Other Expenses:
Salaries and Employee Benefits		8,552		6,704
Occupancy and Equipment Expense		1,894		1,418
Other Expenses		3,344		3,822
Total Other Expenses		13,790		11,944
Income Before Income Taxes		7,008		3,817
Provision for Income Taxes		1,349		709
Net Income	$	5,659	$	3,108
Earnings Per Share:
Basic	$	0.43	$	0.30
Diluted	$	0.41	$	0.29

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements.

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BUSINESS FIRST BANCSHARES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME

(Dollars in thousands)

	For The Three Months Ended March 31,
	2019			2018
Consolidated Net Income	$	5,659		$	3,108

Other Comprehensive Income (Loss):
Unrealized Gain (Loss) on Investment Securities		3,973			(3,470	)
Income Tax Effect		(834	)		729
Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)		3,139			(2,741	)
Consolidated Comprehensive Income (Loss)	$	8,798		$	367

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements.

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BUSINESS FIRST BANCSHARES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY

FOR THE THREE MONTHS ENDED MARCH 31, 2019 AND 2018

(Dollars in thousands, except per share data)

										Accumulated
				Additional						Other			Total
	Common			Paid-In			Retained			Comprehensive			Shareholders'
	Stock			Capital			Earnings			Income (Loss)			Equity
Balances at December 31, 2017	$	10,232		$	144,172		$	27,175		$	(1,644	)	$	179,935
Comprehensive Income:
Net Income		-			-			3,108			-			3,108
Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)		-			-			-			(2,741	)		(2,741	)
Cash Dividends Declared, $0.06 Per Share		-			-			(614	)		-			(614	)
Stock Based Compensation Cost		44			344			-			-			388
Surrendered Shares of Stock Based Compensation		(4	)		(75	)		(3	)		-			(82	)
Balances at March 31, 2018	$	10,272		$	144,441		$	29,666		$	(4,385	)	$	179,994

Balances at December 31, 2018	$	13,213		$	212,332		$	37,982		$	(3,469	)	$	260,058
Comprehensive Income:
Net Income		-			-			5,659			-			5,659
Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)		-			-			-			3,139			3,139
Cash Dividends Declared, $0.08 Per Share		-			-			(1,065	)		-			(1,065	)
Stock Issuance		114			1,154			-			-			1,268
Stock Based Compensation Cost		44			249			-			-			293
Surrendered Shares of Stock Based Compensation		(10	)		(198	)		-			-			(208	)
Balances at March 31, 2019	$	13,361		$	213,537		$	42,576		$	(330	)	$	269,144

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements.

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BUSINESS FIRST BANCSHARES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

(Dollars in thousands)

	For The Three Months Ended March 31,
	2019			2018
Cash Flows From Operating Activities:
Consolidated Net Income	$	5,659		$	3,108
Adjustments to Reconcile Net Income to Net Cash Provided by (Used in) Operating Activities:
Provision for Loan Losses		633			474
Depreciation and Amortization		398			290
Net Accretion of Purchase Accounting Valuations		(282	)		(253	)
Noncash Compensation Expense		85			306
Net Amortization of Securities		439			571
Loss on Sale of Other Real Estate Owned, Net of Writedowns		56			-
Increase in Cash Value of Life Insurance		(168	)		(168	)
Credit for Deferred Income Taxes		(63	)		(465	)
Changes in Assets and Liabilities:
Decrease in Accrued Interest Receivable		1,169			565
(Increase) Decrease in Other Assets		(353	)		1,014
Increase (Decrease) in Accrued Interest Payable		665			(16	)
Increase (Decrease) in Other Liabilities		597			(1,144	)
Net Cash Provided by Operating Activities		8,835			4,282

Cash Flows From Investing Activities:
Purchases of Securities Available for Sale		(9,594	)		(2,015	)
Proceeds from Maturities / Sales of Securities Available for Sale		9,828			5,740
Proceeds from Paydowns of Securities Available for Sale		8,694			8,261
Net Cash Paid in Merger		-			(49,796	)
Purchases of Other Equity Securities		(46	)		(255	)
Redemption of Other Equity Securities		820			58
Net Increase in Loans		(58,057	)		(22,614	)
Purchases of Premises and Equipment		(432	)		(305	)
Proceeds from Sales of Other Real Estate		170			2
Net Decrease in Federal Funds Sold		11,743			6,590
Net Cash Used in Investing Activities		(36,874	)		(54,334	)

(CONTINUED)

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	For The Three Months Ended March 31,
	2019			2018
Cash Flows From Financing Activities:
Net Increase (Decrease) in Deposits		10,529			(11,746	)
Net Decrease in Securities Sold Under Agreements to Repurchase		(1,159	)		(2,552	)
Net Repayments on Federal Home Loan Bank Borrowings		(25,000	)		(5,000	)
Proceeds from Issuance of Common Stock		392			-
Proceeds from Exercise of Stock Warrants		876			-
Payment of Dividends on Common Stock		(1,065	)		(614	)
Net Cash Used in Financing Activities		(15,427	)		(19,912	)
Net Increase (Decrease) in Cash and Cash Equivalents		(43,466	)		(69,964	)
Cash and Cash Equivalents at Beginning of Period		96,072			107,591
Cash and Cash Equivalents at End of Period	$	52,606		$	37,627

Supplemental Disclosures for Cash Flow Information:
Cash Payments for:
Interest on Deposits	$	4,498		$	2,082
Interest on Borrowings	$	304		$	430
Income Tax Payments	$	-		$	-

Supplemental Schedule for Noncash Investing
and Financing Activities:
Change in the Unrealized Gain (Loss) on Securities Available for Sale	$	3,973		$	(3,470	)
Change in Deferred Tax Effect on the Unrealized (Gain) Loss on Securities Available for Sale	$	(834	)	$	729
Transfer of Loans to Other Real Estate	$	-		$	8
Transfer of Premises and Equipment to Other Real Estate	$	-		$	1,049

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements.

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BUSINESS FIRST BANCSHARES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Note 1 – Basis of Presentation –

The unaudited consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Business First Bancshares, Inc. (the “Company”) and its wholly-owned subsidiary, Business First Bank (the “Bank”), and the Bank’s wholly-owned subsidiary, Business First Insurance, LLC. The Bank operates out of branch locations in markets across Louisiana and Texas. As a state bank, it is subject to regulation by the Office of Financial Institutions, State of Louisiana, and the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, and undergoes periodic examinations by these agencies. The Company is also regulated by the Federal Reserve and is subject to periodic examinations.

In the opinion of management, the accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements contain all adjustments necessary to present fairly the financial results for the periods presented, and all such adjustments are of a normal recurring nature. All material intercompany transactions are eliminated. The results of operations for the interim periods are not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected for the entire year.

These interim consolidated financial statements have been prepared according to the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and, therefore, certain information and footnote disclosures normally presented in accordance with United States (“U.S.”) generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”) have been omitted or abbreviated. These interim financial statements should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements and footnote disclosures for the Company’s previously filed Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018.

Preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the consolidated financial statements and accompanying disclosures. These estimates are based on management’s best knowledge of current events and actions the Company may undertake in the future. Estimates are used in accounting for, among other items, the allowance for loan losses, useful lives for depreciation and amortization, fair value of financial instruments, deferred taxes, and contingencies. Estimates that are particularly susceptible to significant change for the Company include the determination of the allowance for loan losses and the assessment of deferred tax assets and liabilities and, therefore, are critical accounting policies. Management does not anticipate any material changes to estimates in the near term. Factors that may cause sensitivity to the aforementioned estimates include but are not limited to: external market factors such as market interest rates and employment rates, changes to operating policies and procedures, economic conditions in our markets, and changes in applicable banking regulations. Actual results may ultimately differ from estimates, although management does not generally believe such differences would materially affect the consolidated financial statements in any individual reporting period presented.

Note 2 – Reclassifications –

Certain reclassifications may have been made to conform to the classifications adopted for reporting in 2019. These reclassifications have no effect on previously reported net income.

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BUSINESS FIRST BANCSHARES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Note 3 – Mergers and Acquisitions –

On January 1, 2018, the Company completed the acquisition of Minden Bancorp, Inc. (MBI), and its wholly-owned subsidiary, MBL Bank, located in Minden, Louisiana, further increasing its presence in the Northwest Louisiana region. The Company paid an aggregate cash consideration equal to $56.2 million, or approximately $23.20 in exchange for each share of MBI common stock outstanding immediately prior to the effective time of the acquisition. At December 31, 2017, MBI had fair values of approximately $317.4 million in total assets, $192.7 million in net loans, $264.0 million in total deposits, and $30.6 million in total shareholders’ equity, and was the leading financial institution in Webster Parish, part of the Shreveport-Bossier City MSA, through its two banking center locations.

Cost and Allocation of Purchase Price for Minden Bancorp, Inc. (MBI):

(Dollars in thousands, except per share data)

Purchase Price:
MBI Shares Outstanding at December 31, 2017	2,407,627
MBI Restricted Stock Awards Outstanding at December 31, 2017	1,480
MBI Shares Cashed Out Under Terms of Merger			2,409,107
Exchange Ratio			23.20
Cash Paid to Shareholders for Shares of Common Stock		$	55,891
MBI Stock Options Outstanding at December 31, 2017 17,822 Shares at $31.50 Less Strike Price
Cash Paid on MBI Options			296
Total Purchase Price		$	56,187
Net Assets Acquired:
Cash and Cash Equivalents		$	15,891
Securities Available for Sale			99,867
Loans and Leases Receivable			192,714
Premises and Equipment, Net			2,678
Cash Value of Life Insurance			741
Core Deposit Intangible			2,494
Other Assets			3,055
Total Assets			317,440

Deposits			263,951
Borrowings			21,047
Other Liabilities			1,858
Total Liablilites			286,856
Net Assets Acquired			30,584
Goodwill Resulting from Merger		$	25,603

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BUSINESS FIRST BANCSHARES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

After the close of business on November 30, 2018, the Company completed the acquisition of Richland State Bancorp, Inc. (RSBI), and its wholly-owned subsidiary, Richland State Bank, located in Richland, Louisiana. The Company issued 1,679,559 shares of its common stock to the RSBI shareholders for a purchase price of $42.4 million. At November 30, 2018, RSBI had provisional fair values of approximately $316.5 million in total assets, $191.0 million in net loans, $290.0 million in total deposits, and $25.4 million in total shareholders’ equity.

Cost and Allocation of Purchase Price for Richland State Bancorp, Inc. (RSBI):

(Dollars in thousands, except per share data)

Purchase Price:
Shares Issued to RSBI Shareholders on December 1, 2018		1,679,559
Closing Stock Price on November 30, 2018		25.29
Total Purchase Price	$	42,476
Net Assets Acquired:
Cash and Cash Equivalents	$	40,648
Securities Available for Sale		63,823
Loans and Leases Receivable		190,964
Premises and Equipment, Net		5,282
Cash Value of Life Insurance		7,260
Core Deposit Intangible		3,947
Other Assets		4,527
Total Assets		316,451

Deposits		289,979
Other Liabilities		1,103
Total Liabilities		291,082
Net Assets Acquired		25,369
Goodwill Resulting from Merger	$	17,107

On May 3, 2019, the Company executed a branch purchase and assumption agreement with another financial institution to transfer a banking branch acquired from Richland State Bank. As of March 31, 2019, the banking branch consisted of approximately $28.3 million in deposits and $4.7 million in loans. The Company does not believe the transaction will result in the recognition of any net impairment or loss.

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BUSINESS FIRST BANCSHARES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Note 4 – Earnings per Common Share –

Basic earnings per share (“EPS”) represents income available to common shareholders divided by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding; no dilution for any potentially convertible shares is included in the calculation. Diluted EPS reflects the potential dilution that could occur if securities or other contracts to issue common stock were exercised or converted into common stock or resulted in the issuance of common stock that then shared in the earnings of the Company. The potential common shares that may be issued by the Company relate to outstanding stock warrants and stock options.

	For The Three Months Ended March 31,
	2019		2018
	(Dollars in thousands, except per share data)
Numerator:
Net Income Available to Common Shares	$	5,659	$	3,108
Denominator:
Weighted Average Common Shares Outstanding		13,287,560		10,232,933
Dilutive Effect of Stock Options and Warrants		365,565		345,822
Weighted Average Dilutive Common Shares		13,653,125		10,578,755

Basic Earnings Per Common Share From Net Income Available to Common Shares	$	0.43	$	0.30

Diluted Earnings Per Common Share From Net Income Available to Common Shares	$	0.41	$	0.29

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BUSINESS FIRST BANCSHARES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Note 5 – Securities –

The amortized cost and fair values of securities available for sale as of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018 are summarized as follows:

	March 31, 2019
	(Dollars in thousands)
			Gross		Gross
	Amortized		Unrealized		Unrealized		Fair
	Cost		Gains		Losses		Value
U.S. Government Agencies	$	19,352	$	200	$	37	$	19,515
Corporate Securities		13,046		98		232		12,912
Mortgage-Backed Securities		167,705		975		1,816		166,864
Municipal Securities		104,436		630		235		104,831
Total Securities Available for Sale	$	304,539	$	1,903	$	2,320	$	304,122

	December 31, 2018
	(Dollars in thousands)
			Gross		Gross
	Amortized		Unrealized		Unrealized		Fair
	Cost		Gains		Losses		Value
U.S. Government Agencies	$	17,529	$	54	$	144	$	17,439
Corporate Securities		13,052		76		436		12,692
Mortgage-Backed Securities		168,854		328		3,564		165,618
Municipal Securities		114,472		250		955		113,767
Total Securities Available for Sale	$	313,907	$	708	$	5,099	$	309,516

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BUSINESS FIRST BANCSHARES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

The following tables present a summary of securities with gross unrealized losses and fair values at March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, aggregated by investment category and length of time in a continued unrealized loss position. Due to the nature of these investments and current prevailing market prices, these unrealized losses are considered a temporary impairment of the securities.

	March 31, 2019
	Less Than 12 Months				12 Months or Greater				Total
	(Dollars in thousands)
			Gross				Gross				Gross
	Fair		Unrealized		Fair		Unrealized		Fair		Unrealized
	Value		Losses		Value		Losses		Value		Losses
U.S. Government Agencies	$	-	$	-	$	4,347	$	37	$	4,347	$	37
Corporate Securities		3,938		92		2,360		140		6,298		232
Mortgage-Backed Securities		17		-		109,574		1,816		109,591		1,816
Municipal Securities		7,529		31		26,745		204		34,274		235
Total Securities Available for Sale	$	11,484	$	123	$	143,026	$	2,197	$	154,510	$	2,320

	December 31, 2018
	Less Than 12 Months				12 Months or Greater				Total
	(Dollars in thousands)
			Gross				Gross				Gross
	Fair		Unrealized		Fair		Unrealized		Fair		Unrealized
	Value		Losses		Value		Losses		Value		Losses
U.S. Government Agencies	$	4,399	$	28	$	4,610	$	116	$	9,009	$	144
Corporate Securities		6,274		260		2,324		176		8,598		436
Mortgage-Backed Securities		67,770		1,264		61,271		2,300		129,041		3,564
Municipal Securities		40,473		484		29,782		471		70,255		955
Total Securities Available for Sale	$	118,916	$	2,036	$	97,987	$	3,063	$	216,903	$	5,099

Management evaluates securities for other than temporary impairment when economic and market conditions warrant such evaluations. Consideration is given to the extent and length of time the fair value has been below cost, the reasons for the decline in value, and the Company’s intent to sell a security or whether it is more likely than not that the Company will be required to sell the security before the recovery of its amortized cost. The Company has developed a process to identify securities that could potentially have a credit impairment that is other than temporary. This process involves evaluating each security for impairment by monitoring credit performance, collateral type, collateral geography, loan-to-value ratios, credit scores, loss severity levels, pricing levels, downgrades by rating agencies, cash flow projections and other factors as indicators of potential credit issues. When the Company determines that a security is deemed to be other than temporarily impaired, an impairment loss is recognized.

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BUSINESS FIRST BANCSHARES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

The amortized cost and fair values of securities available for sale as of March 31, 2019 by contractual maturity are shown below. Actual maturities may differ from contractual maturities in mortgage-backed securities because the mortgages underlying the securities may be called or repaid without any penalties.

	Amortized		Fair
	Cost		Value
	(Dollars in thousands)
Less Than One Year	$	13,370	$	13,395
One to Five Years		67,733		67,901
Over Five to Ten Years		138,146		137,588
Over Ten Years		85,290		85,238
Total Securities Available for Sale	$	304,539	$	304,122

Note 6 – Loans and the Allowance for Loan Losses –

Loans receivable at March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018 are summarized as follows:

	March 31,			December 31,
	2019			2018
	(Dollars in thousands)
Real estate loans:
Construction and land	$	211,888		$	211,054
Farmland		44,066			45,989
1-4 family residential		275,610			270,583
Multi-family residential		39,548			39,273
Nonfarm nonresidential		550,103			518,660
Commercial		389,855			363,640
Consumer		75,112			79,270
Total loans held for investment		1,586,182			1,528,469

Less:
Allowance for loan losses		(11,818	)		(11,220	)
Net loans	$	1,574,364		$	1,517,249

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BUSINESS FIRST BANCSHARES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

The performing 1-4 family residential, multi-family residential, commercial real estate, and commercial loans are pledged, under a blanket lien, as collateral securing advances from the FHLB at March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018.

Net deferred loan origination fees were $2.1 million and $1.7 million at March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively, and are netted in their respective loan categories above. In addition to loans issued in the normal course of business, the Company considers overdrafts on customer deposit accounts to be loans, and reclassifies overdrafts as loans in its consolidated balance sheets. At March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, overdrafts of $299,000 and $858,000, respectively, have been reclassified to loans.

The Bank is the lead lender on participations sold, without recourse, to other financial institutions which amounts are not included in the consolidated balance sheets. The unpaid principal balances of mortgages and other loans serviced for others were approximately $164.2 million and $147.0 million at March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively.

The Bank grants loans and extensions of credit to individuals and a variety of businesses and corporations located in its general market areas throughout Louisiana and Texas. Management segregates the loan portfolio into portfolio segments which is defined as the level at which the Bank develops and documents a systematic method for determining its allowance for loan losses. The portfolio segments are segregated based on loan types and the underlying risk factors present in each loan type. Such risk factors are periodically reviewed by management and revised as deemed appropriate.

Loans acquired in business combinations are initially recorded at fair value, which includes an estimate of credit losses expected to be realized over the remaining lives of the loans and, therefore, no corresponding allowance for loan losses is recorded for these loans at acquisition. Methods utilized to estimate any subsequently required allowance for loan losses for acquired loans not deemed credit-impaired at acquisition are similar to originated loans; however, the estimate of loss is based on the unpaid principal balance and then compared to any remaining unaccreted purchase discount. To the extent the calculated loss is greater than the remaining unaccreted discount, an allowance is recorded for such difference.

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BUSINESS FIRST BANCSHARES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Loans acquired in business combinations were recorded at estimated fair value at the acquisition date with no carryover of the related allowance for loan losses.

Total loans held for investment at March 31, 2019 includes $288.2 million of loans acquired in acquisitions that were recorded at fair value as of the acquisition date. Included in the acquired balances at March 31, 2019 were acquired impaired loans accounted for under the Financial Accounting Standard Board’s (“FASB”) Accounting Standards Codification 310-30, Loans and Debt Securities Acquired with Deteriorated Credit Quality (“ASC 310-30”) with a net carrying amount of $8.0 million and acquired performing loans not accounted for under ASC 310-30 totaling $283.1 million with a related purchase discount of $2.9 million.

Total loans held for investment at December 31, 2018 includes $334.8 million of loans acquired in acquisitions that were recorded at fair value as of the acquisition date. Included in the acquired balances at December 31, 2018 were acquired impaired loans with a net carrying amount of $10.7 million and acquired performing loans totaling $327.3 million with a related purchase discount of $3.2 million.

The following tables set forth, as of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, the balance of the allowance for loan losses by portfolio segment, disaggregated by impairment methodology, which is then further segregated by amounts evaluated for impairment collectively and individually. The allowance for loan losses allocated to each portfolio segment is not necessarily indicative of future losses in any particular portfolio segment and does not restrict the use of the allowance to absorb losses in other portfolio segments.

Allowance for Credit Losses and Recorded Investment in Loans Receivable

	March 31, 2019
	(Dollars in thousands)
	Real Estate:						Real Estate:			Real Estate:			Real Estate:
	Construction			Real Estate:			1-4 Family			Multi-family			Nonfarm
	and Land			Farmland			Residential			Residential			Nonresidential			Commercial			Consumer			Total
Allowance for credit losses:
Beginning Balance	$	1,590		$	104		$	1,538		$	236		$	2,715		$	4,453		$	584		$	11,220
Charge-offs		(2	)		(2	)		(10	)		-			(10	)		(20	)		(13	)		(57	)
Recoveries		-			-			7			-			-			5			10			22
Provision		12			3			39			(1	)		144			448			(12	)		633
Ending Balance	$	1,600		$	105		$	1,574		$	235		$	2,849		$	4,886		$	569		$	11,818
Ending Balance:
Individually evaluated for impairment	$	2		$	3		$	143		$	-		$	18		$	1,115		$	74		$	1,355
Collectively evaluated for impairment	$	1,598		$	102		$	1,431		$	235		$	2,831		$	3,771		$	495		$	10,463
Purchased Credit Impaired (1)	$	-		$	-		$	-		$	-		$	-		$	-		$	-		$	-
Loans receivable:
Ending Balance	$	211,888		$	44,066		$	275,610		$	39,548		$	550,103		$	389,855		$	75,112		$	1,586,182
Ending Balance:
Individually evaluated for impairment	$	109		$	202		$	2,958		$	-		$	4,405		$	5,865		$	200		$	13,739
Collectively evaluated for impairment	$	211,779		$	43,700		$	272,557		$	39,548		$	538,682		$	383,280		$	74,912		$	1,564,458
Purchased Credit Impaired (1)	$	-		$	164		$	95		$	-		$	7,016		$	710		$	-		$	7,985

(1) Purchased credit impaired loans are evaluated for impairment on an individual basis.

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BUSINESS FIRST BANCSHARES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

	December 31, 2018
	(Dollars in thousands)
	Real Estate:					Real Estate:			Real Estate:		Real Estate:
	Construction			Real Estate:		1-4 Family			Multi-family		Nonfarm
	and Land			Farmland		Residential			Residential		Nonresidential		Commercial		Consumer			Total
Allowance for credit losses:
Beginning balance	$	1,421		$	76	$	1,284		$	144	$	2,323	$	3,147	$	370		$	8,765
Charge-offs		(90	)		-		(294	)		-		-		-		(88	)		(472	)
Recoveries		398			-		18			-		13		28		80			537
Provision		(139	)		28		530			92		379		1,278		222			2,390
Ending Balance	$	1,590		$	104	$	1,538		$	236	$	2,715	$	4,453	$	584		$	11,220
Ending Balance:
Individually evaluated for impairment	$	-		$	-	$	96		$	-	$	47	$	1,112	$	25		$	1,280
Collectively evaluated for impairment	$	1,590		$	104	$	1,442		$	236	$	2,668	$	3,341	$	559		$	9,940
Purchased Credit Impaired (1)	$	-		$	-	$	-		$	-	$	-	$	-	$	-		$	-
Loans receivable:
Ending Balance	$	211,054		$	45,989	$	270,583		$	39,273	$	518,660	$	363,640	$	79,270		$	1,528,469
Ending Balance:
Individually evaluated for impairment	$	32		$	112	$	2,728		$	-	$	4,155	$	5,208	$	125		$	12,360
Collectively evaluated for impairment	$	211,022		$	45,713	$	267,761		$	39,273	$	507,506	$	354,985	$	79,145		$	1,505,405
Purchased Credit Impaired (1)	$	-		$	164	$	94		$	-	$	6,999	$	3,447	$	-		$	10,704

(1) Purchased credit impaired loans are evaluated for impairment on an individual basis.

Management further disaggregates the loan portfolio segments into classes of loans, which are based on the initial measurement of the loan, risk characteristics of the loan and the method for monitoring and assessing the credit risk of the loan.

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NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

As of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, the credit quality indicators, disaggregated by class of loan, are as follows:

Credit Quality Indicators

	March 31, 2019
	Pass		Special Mention		Substandard		Doubtful		Total
	(Dollars in thousands)
Real Estate Loans:
Construction and land	$	208,997	$	1,568	$	1,214	$	109	$	211,888
Farmland		43,697		152		15		202		44,066
1-4 family residential		264,981		4,956		2,714		2,959		275,610
Multi-family residential		39,513		-		35		-		39,548
Nonfarm nonresidential		526,600		12,604		4,562		6,337		550,103
Commercial		375,412		3,985		7,081		3,377		389,855
Consumer		73,743		1,024		146		199		75,112
Total	$	1,532,943	$	24,289	$	15,767	$	13,183	$	1,586,182

	December 31, 2018
	Pass		Special Mention		Substandard		Doubtful		Total
	(Dollars in thousands)
Real Estate Loans:
Construction and land	$	209,027	$	718	$	1,277	$	32	$	211,054
Farmland		45,563		153		161		112		45,989
1-4 family residential		260,325		4,601		2,929		2,728		270,583
Multi-family residential		39,237		-		36		-		39,273
Nonfarm nonresidential		494,698		14,421		3,510		6,031		518,660
Commercial		347,839		5,690		7,448		2,663		363,640
Consumer		77,731		1,180		234		125		79,270
Total	$	1,474,420	$	26,763	$	15,595	$	11,691	$	1,528,469

The above classifications follow regulatory guidelines and can generally be described as follows:

●

Pass loans are of satisfactory quality.

●

Special mention loans have an existing weakness that could cause future impairment, including the deterioration of financial ratios, past due status, questionable management capabilities and possible reduction in the collateral values.

●

Substandard loans have an existing specific and well defined weakness that may include poor liquidity and deterioration of financial ratios. The loan may be past due and related deposit accounts experiencing overdrafts. Immediate corrective action is necessary.

●

Doubtful loans have specific weaknesses that are severe enough to make collection or liquidation in full highly questionable and improbable.

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BUSINESS FIRST BANCSHARES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

The following tables reflect certain information with respect to the loan portfolio delinquencies by loan class and amount as of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018. All loans greater than 90 days past due are generally placed on non-accrual status.

Aged Analysis of Past Due Loans Receivable

	March 31, 2019
	(Dollars in thousands)
													Recorded
					Greater								Investment Over
	30-59 Days		60-89 Days		Than 90 Days		Total				Total Loans		90 Days Past Due
	Past Due		Past Due		Past Due		Past Due		Current		Receivable		and Still Accruing
Real Estate Loans:
Construction and land	$	480	$	-	$	30	$	510	$	211,378	$	211,888	$	-
Farmland		24		-		-		24		44,042		44,066		-
1-4 family residential		1,646		318		1,396		3,360		272,250		275,610		-
Multi-family residential		35		-		-		35		39,513		39,548		-
Nonfarm nonresidential		191		730		5,439		6,360		543,743		550,103		-
Commercial		218		96		3,008		3,322		386,533		389,855		72
Consumer		224		32		166		422		74,690		75,112		5
Total	$	2,818	$	1,176	$	10,039	$	14,033	$	1,572,149	$	1,586,182	$	77

	December 31, 2018
	(Dollars in thousands)
													Recorded
					Greater								Investment Over
	30-59 Days		60-89 Days		Than 90 Days		Total				Total Loans		90 Days Past Due
	Past Due		Past Due		Past Due		Past Due		Current		Receivable		and Still Accruing
Real Estate Loans:
Construction and land	$	325	$	13	$	89	$	427	$	210,627	$	211,054	$	60
Farmland		-		96		-		96		45,893		45,989		-
1-4 family residential		1,596		588		1,400		3,584		266,999		270,583		270
Multi-family residential		36		-		-		36		39,237		39,273		-
Nonfarm nonresidential		2,437		-		3,967		6,404		512,256		518,660		450
Commercial		328		287		3,241		3,856		359,784		363,640		1,038
Consumer		237		89		106		432		78,838		79,270		58
Total	$	4,959	$	1,073	$	8,803	$	14,835	$	1,513,634	$	1,528,469	$	1,876

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BUSINESS FIRST BANCSHARES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

The following is a summary of information pertaining to impaired loans as of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018. Acquired non-impaired loans are placed on nonaccrual status and reported as impaired using the same criteria applied to the originated portfolio. Purchased impaired credits are excluded from this table. The interest income recognized for impaired loans was $69,000 and $116,000 for the three months ending March 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively.

	March 31, 2019
	(Dollars in thousands)
			Unpaid				Average
	Recorded		Principal		Related		Recorded
	Investment		Balance		Allowance		Investment
With an allowance recorded:
Real Estate Loans:
Construction and land	$	2	$	2	$	2	$	2
Farmland		21		22		3		21
1-4 family residential		251		288		143		251
Multi-family residential		-		-		-		-
Nonfarm nonresidential		559		568		18		559
Other Loans:
Commercial		1,886		2,944		1,115		1,886
Consumer		74		76		74		74
Total	$	2,793	$	3,900	$	1,355	$	2,793

With no allowance recorded:
Real Estate Loans:
Construction and land	$	107	$	133	$	-	$	94
Farmland		181		265		-		196
1-4 family residential		2,707		4,445		-		2,818
Multi-family residential		-		-		-		-
Nonfarm nonresidential		3,846		4,043		-		4,321
Other Loans:
Commercial		3,979		4,830		-		5,506
Consumer		126		171		-		162
Total	$	10,946	$	13,887	$	-	$	13,097

Total Impaired Loans:
Real Estate Loans:
Construction and land	$	109	$	135	$	2	$	96
Farmland		202		287		3		217
1-4 family residential		2,958		4,733		143		3,069
Multi-family residential		-		-		-		-
Nonfarm nonresidential		4,405		4,611		18		4,880
Other Loans:
Commercial		5,865		7,774		1,115		7,392
Consumer		200		247		74		236
Total	$	13,739	$	17,787	$	1,355	$	15,890

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BUSINESS FIRST BANCSHARES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

	December 31, 2018
	(Dollars in thousands)
			Unpaid				Average
	Recorded		Principal		Related		Recorded
	Investment		Balance		Allowance		Investment
With an allowance recorded:
Real Estate Loans:
Construction and land	$	-	$	-	$	-	$	22
Farmland		-		-		-		-
1-4 family residential		363		451		96		303
Multi-family residential		-		-		-		-
Nonfarm nonresidential		447		501		47		367
Other Loans:
Commercial		1,883		2,935		1,112		547
Consumer		25		25		25		2
Total	$	2,718	$	3,912	$	1,280	$	1,241

With no allowance recorded:
Real Estate Loans:
Construction and land	$	32	$	56	$	-	$	15
Farmland		112		193		-		9
1-4 family residential		2,365		3,975		-		2,708
Multi-family residential		-		-		-		-
Nonfarm nonresidential		3,708		3,833		-		5,240
Other Loans:
Commercial		3,325		4,198		-		5,350
Consumer		100		144		-		261
Total	$	9,642	$	12,399	$	-	$	13,583

Total Impaired Loans:
Real Estate Loans:
Construction and land	$	32	$	56	$	-	$	37
Farmland		112		193		-		9
1-4 family residential		2,728		4,426		96		3,011
Multi-family residential		-		-		-		-
Nonfarm nonresidential		4,155		4,334		47		5,607
Other Loans:
Commercial		5,208		7,133		1,112		5,897
Consumer		125		169		25		263
Total	$	12,360	$	16,311	$	1,280	$	14,824

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BUSINESS FIRST BANCSHARES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

The Company elected to account for certain loans acquired in business combinations as acquired impaired loans under ASC 310-30 due to evidence of credit deterioration at acquisition and the probability that the Company will be unable to collect all contractually required payments. The expected cash flows approximated fair value as of the date of mergers.

The following table presents the changes in the carrying amount of the purchased impaired credits accounted for under ASC 310-30 for the periods presented.

	Purchased
	Impaired Credits
	(Dollars in thousands)

Carrying amount - December 31, 2017	$	696
Carrying amount of purchased impaired credits acquired in MBI acquisition		5,798
Carrying amount of purchased impaired credits acquired in RSBI acquisition		4,533
Payments received, net of discounts realized		(507	)
Purchased impaired credit participation interest sales proceeds, net of discount realized		210
Charge-offs		(26	)
Carrying amount - December 31, 2018		10,704
Payments received, net of discounts realized		(2,719	)
Carrying amount - March 31, 2019	$	7,985

The Bank seeks to assist customers that are experiencing financial difficulty by renegotiating loans within lending regulations and guidelines. The Bank makes loan modifications, primarily utilizing internal renegotiation programs via direct customer contact, that manage customers’ debt exposures held only by the Bank. Additionally, the Bank makes loan modifications with customers who have elected to work with external renegotiation agencies and these modifications provide solutions to customers’ entire unsecured debt structures. During the periods ended March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, the concessions granted to certain borrowers included extending the payment due dates, lowering the contractual interest rate, reducing accrued interest, and reducing the debt’s face or maturity amount.

Once modified in a troubled debt restructuring, a loan is generally considered impaired until its contractual maturity. At the time of the restructuring, the loan is evaluated for an asset-specific allowance for credit losses. The Bank continues to specifically reevaluate the loan in subsequent periods, regardless of the borrower’s performance under the modified terms. If a borrower subsequently defaults on the loan after it is restructured, the Bank provides an allowance for credit losses for the amount of the loan that exceeds the value of the related collateral.

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BUSINESS FIRST BANCSHARES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

The following tables present informative data regarding troubled debt restructurings as of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018. The Bank had $79,000 in troubled debt restructurings that had subsequently defaulted during the year ended December 31, 2018 and none that had subsequently defaulted during the three months ended March 31, 2019.

Modifications as of March 31, 2019:
			Pre-Modification		Post-Modification
	Number		Outstanding		Outstanding
	of		Recorded		Recorded
	Contracts		Investment		Investment
	(Dollars in thousands)
Troubled Debt Restructuring
Real Estate Loans:
1-4 family residential		1	$	-	$	-
Nonfarm nonresidential		3		2,411		2,300
Other Loans:
Commercial		6		5,914		3,433
Total		10	$	8,325	$	5,733

Modifications as of December 31, 2018:
			Pre-Modification		Post-Modification
	Number		Outstanding		Outstanding
	of		Recorded		Recorded
	Contracts		Investment		Investment
	(Dollars in thousands)
Troubled Debt Restructuring
Real Estate Loans:
1-4 family residential		1	$	-	$	-
Nonfarm nonresidential		3		2,412		2,308
Other Loans:
Commercial		6		5,914		3,512
Total		10	$	8,326	$	5,820

Note 7 – Commitments and Contingencies –

In the normal course of business, the Bank is a party to financial instruments with off-balance-sheet risk to meet the financing needs of its customers. These financial instruments include commitments to extend credit and standby and commercial letters of credit which are not included in the accompanying financial statements. These instruments involve, to varying degrees, elements of credit risk in excess of the amount recognized in the balance sheet.

The Bank’s exposure to credit loss in the event of nonperformance by the other party to the financial instrument for commitments to extend credit and standby and commercial letters of credit is represented by the contractual amount of those instruments. The Bank’s policy for obtaining collateral, and the nature of such collateral, is essentially the same as that involved in making commitments to extend credit. The Bank uses the same credit policies in making such commitments and conditional obligations as it does for instruments that are included in the balance sheet. In the normal course of business, the Bank has made commitments to extend credit of approximately $343.7 million and standby and commercial letters of credit of approximately $22.7 million at March 31, 2019.

The Bank leases certain branch offices through non-cancelable operating leases with terms that range from one to ten years and contain various renewal options for certain of the leases. Rental expense under these agreements was $673,000 and $579,000 for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively.

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BUSINESS FIRST BANCSHARES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Future minimum lease payments under these leases are as follows:

	(Dollars in thousands)
April 1, 2019 through March 31, 2020	$	2,329
April 1, 2020 through March 31, 2021		1,752
April 1, 2021 through March 31, 2022		1,536
April 1, 2022 through March 31, 2023		1,299
April 1, 2023 and Thereafter		6,999
Total Future Minimum Lease Payments	$	13,915

In the normal course of business, the Bank is involved in various legal proceedings. In the opinion of management and counsel, the disposition or ultimate resolution of such proceedings would not have a material adverse effect on the Bank’s financial statements.

Note 8 – Fair Value of Financial Instruments –

Fair Value Disclosures

The Company groups its financial assets and liabilities measured at fair value in three levels. Fair value should be based on the assumptions market participants would use when pricing the asset or liability and establishes a fair value hierarchy that prioritizes the inputs used to develop those assumptions and measure fair value. The hierarchy requires companies to maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs. The three levels of inputs used to measure fair value are as follows:

●

Level 1 – Includes the most reliable sources, and includes quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.

●

Level 2 – Includes observable inputs. Observable inputs include inputs other than quoted prices that are observable for the asset or liability (for example, interest rates and yield curves at commonly quoted intervals, volatilities, prepayment speeds, loss severities, credit risks, and default rates) as well as inputs that are derived principally from or corroborated by observable market data by correlation or other means (market-corroborated inputs).

●

Level 3 – Includes unobservable inputs and should be used only when observable inputs are unavailable.

Recurring Basis

Fair values of investment securities available for sale were primarily measured using information from a third-party pricing service. This pricing service provides information by utilizing evaluated pricing models supported with market data information. Standard inputs include benchmark yields, reported trades, broker/dealer quotes, issuer spreads, benchmark securities, bids, offers, and reference data from market research publications.

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BUSINESS FIRST BANCSHARES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

The following tables present the balance of assets and liabilities measured on a recurring basis as of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018. The Company did not record any liabilities at fair value for which measurement of the fair value was made on a recurring basis.

	Fair Value		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3
	(Dollars in thousands)
March 31, 2019
Available for Sale:
U.S. Government Agency Securities	$	19,515	$	-	$	19,515	$	-
Corporate Securities		12,912		-		12,912		-
Mortgage-Backed Securities		166,864		-		166,864		-
Municipal Securities		104,831		-		96,792		8,039
Total	$	304,122	$	-	$	296,083	$	8,039


December 31, 2018
Available for Sale:
U.S. Government Agency Securities	$	17,439	$	-	$	17,439	$	-
Corporate Securities		12,692		-		12,692		-
Mortgage-Backed Securities		165,618		-		165,618		-
Municipal Securities		113,767		-		105,383		8,384
Total	$	309,516	$	-	$	301,132	$	8,384

Nonrecurring Basis

The Company has segregated all financial assets and liabilities that are measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis into the most appropriate level within the fair value hierarchy based on the inputs used to determine the fair value at the measurement date in the tables below. The Company did not record any liabilities at fair value for which measurement of the fair value was made on a nonrecurring basis.

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BUSINESS FIRST BANCSHARES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

The fair value of the impaired loans is measured at the fair value of the collateral for collateral-dependent loans. Impaired loans are Level 2 assets measured using appraisals from external parties of the collateral less any prior liens. Repossessed assets are initially recorded at fair value less estimated cost to sell. The fair value of repossessed assets is based on property appraisals and an analysis of similar properties available. As such, the Bank records repossessed assets as Level 2.

	Fair Value		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3
	(Dollars in thousands)
March 31, 2019
Assets:
Impaired Loans	$	20,078	$	-	$	20,078	$	-
Repossessed Assets		1,694		-		1,694		-
Total	$	21,772	$	-	$	21,772	$	-

December 31, 2018
Assets:
Impaired Loans	$	21,557	$	-	$	21,557	$	-
Repossessed Assets		1,920		-		1,920		-
Total	$	23,477	$	-	$	23,477	$	-

Fair Value Financial Instruments

The fair value of a financial instrument is the current amount that would be exchanged between willing parties, other than in a forced liquidation. Fair value is best determined based upon quoted market prices. However, in many instances, there are no quoted market prices for the Company’s various financial instruments. In cases where quoted market prices are not available, fair values are based on estimates using present value or other valuation techniques. Those techniques are significantly affected by the assumptions used, including the discount rate and estimates of future cash flows. Accordingly, the fair value estimates may not be realized in an immediate settlement of the instrument. In accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, certain financial instruments and all non-financial instruments are excluded from these disclosure requirements. Accordingly, the aggregate fair value amounts presented may not necessarily represent the underlying fair value of the Company.

The following methods and assumptions were used to estimate the fair value of each class of financial instruments for which it is practicable to estimate that value:

Cash and Short-Term Investments – For those short-term instruments, the carrying amount is a reasonable estimate of fair value.

Securities – Fair value of securities is based on quoted market prices. If a quoted market price is not available, fair value is estimated using quoted market prices for similar securities.

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BUSINESS FIRST BANCSHARES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Loans – The fair value for loans is estimated using discounted cash flow analyses, with interest rates currently being offered for similar loans to borrowers with similar credit rates. Loans with similar classifications are aggregated for purposes of the calculations. The allowance for loan losses, which was used to measure the credit risk, is subtracted from loans.

Cash Value of Bank-Owned Life Insurance (“BOLI”) – The carrying amount approximates its fair value.

Other Equity Securities – The carrying amount approximates its fair value.

Deposits – The fair value of demand deposits and certain money market deposits is the amount payable at the reporting date. The fair value of fixed-maturity certificates of deposit is estimated using discounted cash flow analyses, with interest rates currently offered for deposits of similar remaining maturities.

Borrowings – The fair value of FHLB advances and other long-term borrowings is estimated using the rates currently offered for advances of similar maturities. The carrying amount of short-term borrowings maturing within ninety days approximates the fair value.

Commitments to Extend Credit and Standby and Commercial Letters of Credit – The fair values of commitments to extend credit and standby and commercial letters of credit do not differ significantly from the commitment amount and are therefore omitted from this disclosure.

The estimated approximate fair values of the Bank’s financial instruments as of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018 are as follows:

	Carrying		Total
	Amount		Fair Value		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3
	(Dollars in thousands)
March 31, 2019
Financial Assets:
Cash and Short-Term Investments	$	82,699	$	82,699	$	82,699	$	-	$	-
Securities		304,122		304,122		-		296,083		8,039
Mortgage Loans Held for Sale		753		753		-		753		-
Loans - Net		1,574,364		1,554,947		-		-		1,554,947
Cash Value of BOLI		32,050		32,050		-		32,050		-
Other Equity Securities		8,508		8,508		-		-		8,508
Total	$	2,002,496	$	1,983,079	$	82,699	$	328,886	$	1,571,494

Financial Liabilities:
Deposits	$	1,744,383	$	1,736,715	$	-	$	-	$	1,736,715
Borrowings		66,070		80,116		-		80,116		-
Total	$	1,810,453	$	1,816,831	$	-	$	80,116	$	1,736,715

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BUSINESS FIRST BANCSHARES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

	Carrying		Total
	Amount		Fair Value		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3
	(Dollars in thousands)
December 31, 2018
Financial Assets:
Cash and Short-Term Investments	$	137,908	$	137,908	$	137,908	$	-	$	-
Securities		309,516		309,516		-		301,132		8,384
Mortgage Loans Held for Sale		58		58		-		58		-
Loans - Net		1,517,249		1,495,454		-		-		1,495,454
Cash Value of BOLI		31,882		31,882		-		31,882		-
Other Equity Securities		9,282		9,282		-		-		9,282
Total	$	2,005,895	$	1,984,100	$	137,908	$	333,072	$	1,513,120

Financial Liabilities:
Deposits	$	1,733,934	$	1,717,698	$	-	$	-	$	1,717,698
Borrowings		92,229		104,930		-		104,930		-
Total	$	1,826,163	$	1,822,628	$	-	$	104,930	$	1,717,698

Note 9 – Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements –

Accounting Standards Adopted in Current Period

In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842), Conforming Amendments Related to Leases. This ASU amends the codification regarding leases in order to increase transparency and comparability. The ASU requires companies to recognize lease assets and liabilities on the statement of condition and disclose key information about leasing arrangements. A lessee would recognize a liability to make lease payments and a right-of-use asset representing its right to use the leased asset for the lease term. The ASU was effective on January 1, 2019. The Company elected certain practical expedients offered by the FASB, including foregoing the restatement of prior periods at adoption. The Company recognized a right-of-use asset and lease liability of approximately $11.9 million as of March 31, 2019. The right-of-use asset and lease liability are recorded within premises and equipment and other liabilities, respectively.

Accounting Standards Not Yet Adopted

In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-13, Financial Instruments – Credit Losses (Topic 326), Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments. The amendments introduce an impairment model that is based on current expected credit losses (“CECL”), rather than incurred losses, to estimate credit losses on certain types of financial instruments (ex. loans and held to maturity securities), including certain off-balance sheet financial instruments (ex. commitments to extend credit and standby letters of credit that are not unconditionally cancellable). The CECL should consider historical information, current information, and reasonable and supportable forecasts, including estimates of prepayments, over the contractual term. An entity must use judgment in determining the relevant information and estimation methods that are appropriate in its circumstances. Financial instruments with similar risk characteristics may be grouped together when estimating the CECL. The allowance for credit losses for purchased financial assets with a more-than-insignificant amount of credit deterioration since origination that are measured at amortized cost basis is determined in a similar manner to other financial assets measured at amortized cost basis; however, the initial estimate of expected credit loss would be recognized through an allowance for credit losses with an offset (i.e. increase) to the purchase price at acquisition. Only subsequent changes in the allowance for credit losses are recorded as a credit loss expense for these assets. The ASU also amends the current available for sale security impairment model for debt securities whereby credit losses relating to available for sale debt securities should be recorded through an allowance for credit losses. This ASU is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 31, 2019. The amendments will be applied through a modified retrospective approach, resulting in a cumulative-effect adjustment to retained earnings as of the beginning of the first reporting period in which the guidance is effective. The Company is currently planning for the implementation of this ASU. Management is currently evaluating the potential impact of ASU 2016-13 on the Company’s consolidated financial statements. The adoption of this ASU may have a material effect on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

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BUSINESS FIRST BANCSHARES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-01, Business Combinations (Topic 805): Clarifying the Definition of a Business, which introduces amendments intended to clarify the definition of a business with the objective of adding guidance to assist entities with evaluating whether transactions should be accounted for as acquisitions (or disposals) of assets or businesses. The amendments will be applied prospectively and are effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2017, including interim reporting periods within those periods. The adoption of this ASU is not expected to have a significant impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

On January 26, 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-04, Intangibles – Goodwill and Other (Topic 350) which simplifies the accounting for goodwill impairment. The guidance in this ASU removes Step 2 of the goodwill impairment test, which requires a hypothetical purchase price allocation. The goodwill impairment will now be the amount by which a reporting unit’s carrying value exceeds its fair value, not to exceed the carrying amount of goodwill. All other goodwill impairment guidance will remain largely unchanged. Entities will continue to have the option to perform a qualitative assessment to determine if a quantitative impairment test is necessary. The same one-step impairment test will be applied to goodwill at all reporting units, even those with zero or negative carrying amounts. Entities will be required to disclose the amount of goodwill at reporting units with zero or negative carrying amounts. The revised guidance will be applied prospectively, and is effective for calendar year-end ending in 2020 for public business entities. Early adoption is permitted for any impairment tests performed after January 1, 2017. Based on recent goodwill impairment tests, which did not require the application of Step 2, the Company does not expect the adoption of this ASU to have any immediate impact on the consolidated financial statements.

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Item 2.

Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

When we refer in this Form 10-Q to “we,” “our,” “us,” the “Company” and “Business First,” we are referring to Business First Bancshares, Inc. and its consolidated subsidiaries, including Business First Bank, which we sometimes refer to as “the Bank”, unless the context indicates otherwise.

The information contained in this Form 10-Q is accurate only as of the date of this form and the dates specified herein.

All statements other than statements of historical fact contained in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q (this “Report”) and other periodic reports filed by the Company, and other written or oral statements made by us or on our behalf, are “forward-looking statements,” as defined by (and subject to the “safe harbor” protections under) the federal securities laws. These forward-looking statements include statements that reflect the current views of our senior management with respect to our financial performance and future events with respect to our business and the banking industry in general. These statements are often, but not always, made through the use of words or phrases such as “may,” “should,” “could,” “predict,” “potential,” “believe,” “will likely result,” “expect,” “will continue,” “anticipate,” “seek,” “estimate,” “intend,” “plan,” “projection,” “would” and “outlook,” and similar expressions of a future or forward-looking nature. These statements involve estimates, assumptions, and risks and uncertainties. Accordingly, there are or will be important factors that could cause our actual results to differ materially from those indicated in these statements.

We believe these factors include, but are not limited to, the following:

●

risks related to the integration of any acquired businesses, including exposure to potential asset quality and credit quality risks and unknown or contingent liabilities, the time and costs associated with integrating systems, technology platforms, procedures and personnel, the need for additional capital to finance such transactions, and possible failures in realizing the anticipated benefits from acquisitions;

●

changes in the strength of the United States (“U.S.”) economy in general and the local economy in our local market areas adversely affecting our customers and their ability to transact profitable business with us, including the ability of our borrowers to repay their loans according to their terms or a change in the value of the related collateral;

●

economic risks posed by our geographic concentration in Louisiana and the Dallas/Fort Worth metroplex;

●

the ability to sustain and continue our organic loan and deposit growth, and manage that growth effectively;

●

market declines in industries to which we have exposure, such as the volatility in oil prices and downturn in the energy industry that impact certain of our borrowers and investments that operate within, or are backed by collateral associated with, the energy industry;

●

volatility and direction of interest rates and market prices, which could reduce our net interest margins, asset valuations and expense expectations;

●

interest rate risk associated with our business;

●

changes in the levels of loan prepayments and the resulting effects on the value of our loan portfolio;

●

increased competition in the financial services industry, particularly from regional and national institutions;

●

increased credit risk in our assets and increased operating risk caused by a material change in commercial, consumer and/or real estate loans as a percentage of our total loan portfolio;

●

changes in the value of collateral securing our loans;

●

deteriorating asset quality and higher loan charge-offs, and the time and effort required to resolve problem assets;

●

the failure of assumptions underlying the establishment of and provisions made to our allowance for credit losses;

●

changes in the availability of funds resulting in increased costs or reduced liquidity;

●

our ability to maintain important deposit customer relationships and our reputation;

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●

a determination or downgrade in the credit quality and credit agency ratings of the securities in our securities portfolio;

●

increased asset levels and changes in the composition of assets and the resulting impact on our capital levels and regulatory capital ratios;

●

our ability to prudently manage our growth and execute our strategy;

●

risks associated with our acquisition and de novo branching strategy;

●

the loss of senior management or operating personnel and the potential inability to hire qualified personnel at reasonable compensation levels;

●

legislative or regulatory developments, including changes in the laws, regulations, interpretations or policies relating to financial institutions, accounting, tax, trade, monetary and fiscal matters;

●

government intervention in the U.S. financial system;

●

changes in statutes and government regulations or their interpretations applicable to us, including changes in tax requirements and tax rates;

●

natural disasters and adverse weather, acts of terrorism, an outbreak of hostilities or other international or domestic calamities, and other matters beyond our control; and

●

other risks and uncertainties listed from time to time in our reports and documents filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”).

The foregoing factors should not be construed as exhaustive and should be read together with the other cautionary statements included in this Report. Additional information on these and other risk factors can be found in Item 1A. “Risk Factors” of this Report and in Item 1A. “Risk Factors” in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018, filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission.

In the event that one or more events related to these or other risks or uncertainties materialize, or if our underlying assumptions prove to be incorrect, actual results may differ materially from what we anticipate. Accordingly, you should not place undue reliance on any such forward-looking statements. Any forward-looking statement speaks only as of the date on which it is made and we do not undertake any obligation to update any forward-looking statement or statements to reflect events or circumstances after the date on which such statement is made or to reflect the occurrence of unanticipated events. New factors emerge from time to time, and it is not possible for us to predict which will arise. In addition, we cannot assess the impact of each factor on our business or the extent to which any factor, or combination of factors, may cause actual results to differ materially from those contained in any forward-looking statements.

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MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF

FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS OF BUSINESS FIRST

The following discussion and analysis focuses on significant changes in the financial condition of Business First from December 31, 2018 to March 31, 2019, and its results of operations for the three months ended March 31, 2019. This discussion and analysis is intended to highlight and supplement information presented elsewhere in this report and should be read in conjunction with (i) the accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements and the notes thereto (the “Notes”) and (ii) our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018, including the audited consolidated financial statements and notes thereto, management’s discussion and analysis, and the risk factor disclosures contained therein. This discussion and analysis contains forward-looking statements that are subject to certain risks and uncertainties and are based on certain assumptions that Business First believes are reasonable but may prove to be inaccurate. Certain risks, uncertainties and other factors, including those set forth under “Forward-Looking Statements,” “Risk Factors” and elsewhere in this report, may cause actual results to differ materially from those projected results discussed in the forward-looking statements appearing in this discussion and analysis. Business First assumes no obligation to update any of these forward-looking statements.

Overview

We are a registered bank holding company headquartered in Baton Rouge, Louisiana. Through our wholly-owned subsidiary, Business First Bank, a Louisiana state chartered bank, we provide a broad range of financial services tailored to meet the needs of small to medium-sized businesses and professionals. Since our inception in 2006, our priority has been and continues to be creating shareholder value through the establishment of an attractive commercial banking franchise in Louisiana and across our region. We consider our primary market to include the State of Louisiana and Dallas, Texas. We currently operate out of 25 banking centers in markets across Louisiana and Texas. As of March 31, 2019, we had total assets of $2.1 billion, total loans of $1.6 billion, total deposits of $1.7 billion, and total shareholders’ equity of $269.1 million.

As a bank holding company operating through one market segment, community banking, we generate most of our revenues from interest income on loans, customer service and loan fees, and interest income from securities. We incur interest expense on deposits and other borrowed funds and noninterest expense, such as salaries and employee benefits and occupancy expenses. We analyze our ability to maximize income generated from interest earning assets and expense of our liabilities through our net interest margin. Net interest margin is a ratio calculated as net interest income divided by average interest-earning assets. Net interest income is the difference between interest income on interest-earning assets, such as loans and securities, and interest expense on interest-bearing liabilities, such as deposits and borrowings, which are used to fund those assets.

Changes in the market interest rates and the interest rates we earn on interest-earning assets or pay on interest-bearing liabilities, as well as the volume and types of interest-earning assets, interest-bearing and noninterest-bearing liabilities and shareholders’ equity, are usually the largest drivers of periodic changes in net interest spread, net interest margin and net interest income. Fluctuations in market interest rates are driven by many factors, including governmental monetary policies, inflation, deflation, macroeconomic developments, changes in unemployment, the money supply, political and international conditions, and conditions in domestic and foreign financial markets. Periodic changes in the volume and types of loans in our loan portfolio are affected by, among other factors, economic and competitive conditions in Louisiana, as well as developments affecting the real estate, technology, financial services, insurance, transportation, manufacturing and energy sectors within our markets.

Financial Highlights

The financial highlights as of and for the three months ended March 31, 2019 include:

•

Total assets of $2.1 billion, a $6.5 million, or 0.3%, increase from December 31, 2018.

•

Total loans held for investment of $1.6 billion, a $57.7 million, or 3.8%, increase from December 31, 2018.

•

Total deposits of $1.7 billion, a $10.4 million, or 0.6%, increase from December 31, 2018.

•

Net income of $5.7 million, a $2.6 million, or 82.1%, increase from the quarter ended March 31, 2018.

•

Net interest income of $19.1 million, an increase of $4.6 million, or 31.9%, from the three months ended March 31, 2018.

•

Allowance for loan and lease losses of 0.75% of total loans held for investment, compared to 0.73% as of December 31, 2018, and a ratio of nonperforming loans to total loans held for investment of 0.84%, compared to 0.89% as of December 31, 2018.

•

Return on average assets of 1.09% over the first three months of 2019, compared to 0.77% for the first three months of 2018.

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•

Return on average equity of 8.62% over the first three months of 2019, compared to 6.94% for the first three months of 2018.

•

Capital ratios for Tier 1 Leverage, Common Equity Tier 1, Tier 1 Risk-based and Total Risk-based Capital of 10.45%, 11.64%, 11.64% and 13.66%, respectively, compared to 11.66%, 11.83%, 11.83%, and 13.91%, respectively as of December 31, 2018.

•

Book value per share of $20.14, an increase of 2.3% from $19.68 at December 31, 2018.

Results of Operations for the Three Months Ended March 31, 2019 and 2018

Performance Summary

For the three months ended March 31, 2019, net income was $5.7 million, or $0.43 per basic share and $0.41 per diluted share, compared to net income of $3.1 million, or $0.30 per basic share and $0.29 per diluted share, for the three months ended March 31, 2018. Return on average assets, on an annualized basis, increased to 1.09% for the three months ended March 31, 2019, from 0.77% for the three months ended March 31, 2018. Return on average equity, on an annualized basis, increased to 8.62% for the three months ended March 31, 2019, as compared to 6.94% for the three months ended March 31, 2018.

Net Interest Income

Our operating results depend primarily on our net interest income, calculated as the difference between interest income on interest-earning assets, such as loans and securities, and interest expense on interest-bearing liabilities, such as deposits and borrowings. Fluctuations in market interest rates impact the yield and rates paid on interest sensitive assets and liabilities. Changes in the amount and type of interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities also impact net interest income. The variance driven by the changes in the amount and mix of interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities is referred to as a “volume change.” Changes in yields earned on interest-earning assets and rates paid on interest-bearing deposits and other borrowed funds are referred to as a “rate change.”

To evaluate net interest income, we measure and monitor (1) yields on our loans and other interest-earning assets, (2) the costs of our deposits and other funding sources, (3) our net interest spread and (4) our net interest margin. Net interest spread is the difference between rates earned on interest-earning assets and rates paid on interest-bearing liabilities. Net interest margin is calculated as net interest income divided by average interest-earning assets. Because noninterest-bearing sources of funds, such as noninterest-bearing deposits and shareholders’ equity also fund interest-earning assets, net interest margin includes the benefit of these noninterest-bearing sources. We calculate average assets, liabilities, and capital using a monthly average, and average yield / rate utilizing a 30/360 day count convention.

For the three months ended March 31, 2019, net interest income totaled $19.1 million, and net interest margin and net interest spread were 4.01% and 3.61%, respectively, compared to $14.5 million, 3.97%, and 3.75%, respectively, for the three months ended March 31, 2018. The average yield on the loan portfolio was 5.79%, compared to 5.32% for the three months ended March 31, 2018, and the average yield on total interest-earning assets was 5.16%, compared to 4.72% for the three months ended March 31, 2018. For the three months ended March 31, 2019, overall cost of funds (which includes noninterest-bearing deposits) increased 45 basis points compared to the three months ended March 31, 2018 primarily due to our issuance of subordinated debt in December 2018. While we experienced significant loan growth in average loan balances, we anticipate continued pressure on our net interest margin and net interest spread.

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The following tables present, for the periods indicated, an analysis of net interest income by each major category of interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities, the average amounts outstanding and the interest earned or paid on such amounts. The tables also set forth the average rate earned on interest-earning assets, the average rate paid on interest-bearing liabilities, and the net interest margin on average total interest-earning assets for the same periods. Interest earned on loans that are classified as nonaccrual is not recognized in income; however the balances are reflected in average outstanding balances for the period. For the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, interest income not recognized on nonaccrual loans was not material. Any nonaccrual loans have been included in the table as loans carrying a zero yield. The average total loans reflected below is net of deferred loan fees and discounts. Acquired loans were recorded at fair value at acquisition and accrete interest income over the remaining lives of the respective loans. Averages presented in the tables below, and throughout this report, are monthly averages.

	For the Three Months Ended March 31,
	2019								2018
	Average Outstanding Balance			Interest Earned/ Interest Paid		Average Yield/ Rate			Average Outstanding Balance			Interest Earned/ Interest Paid		Average Yield/ Rate
	(Dollars in thousands) (Unaudited)
Assets
Interest-earning assets:
Total loans	$	1,549,887		$	22,423		5.79	%	$	1,178,146		$	15,676		5.32	%
Securities available for sale		309,768			1,874		2.42			245,098			1,423		2.32
Interest-bearing deposits in other banks		45,215			290		2.57			37,634			127		1.35
Total interest-earning assets		1,904,870			24,587		5.16			1,460,878			17,226		4.72
Allowance for loan losses		(11,390	)							(8,965	)
Noninterest-earning assets		182,203								162,837
Total assets	$	2,075,683		$	24,587				$	1,614,750		$	17,226

Liabilities and Shareholders’ Equity
Interest-bearing liabilities:
Interest-bearing deposits	$	1,335,413		$	4,757		1.42	%	$	1,026,014		$	2,298		0.90	%
Subordinated debt		25,000			416		6.66			—			—		—
Advances from Federal Home Loan Bank (“FHLB”)		37,527			281		3.00			75,108			373		1.99
Other borrowings		12,482			13		0.42			21,729			55		1.01
Total interest-bearing liabilities		1,410,422			5,467		1.55			1,122,851			2,726		0.97

Noninterest-bearing liabilities:
Noninterest-bearing deposits		393,816								307,424
Other liabilities		8,764								5,377
Total noninterest-bearing liabilities		402,580								312,801
Shareholders’ equity		262,681								179,098
Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity	$	2,075,683							$	1,614,750

Net interest rate spread							3.61	%							3.75	%
Net interest income				$	19,120							$	14,500
Net interest margin							4.01	%							3.97	%

(1)	Net interest spread is the average yield on interest-earning assets minus the average rate on interest-bearing liabilities.

(2)	Net interest margin is equal to net interest income divided by average interest-earning assets.

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The following tables present information regarding the dollar amount of changes in interest income and interest expense for the periods indicated for each major component of interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities, and distinguishes between the changes attributable to changes in volume and changes attributable to changes in interest rates. For purposes of this table, changes attributable to both rate and volume that cannot be segregated have been allocated to rate.

	For the Three Months Ended March 31, 2019 compared to the Three Months Ended March 31, 2018
	Increase (Decrease) due to change in
	Volume			Rate			Total
	(Dollars in thousands) (Unaudited)
Interest-earning assets:
Total loans	$	5,378		$	1,369		$	6,747
Securities available for sale		391			60			451
Interest-earning deposits in other banks		49			114			163
Total increase in interest income	$	5,818		$	1,543		$	7,361

Interest-bearing liabilities:
Interest-bearing deposits	$	1,102		$	1,357		$	2,459
Subordinated debt		416			—			416
Advances from FHLB		(281	)		189			(92	)
Other borrowings		(10	)		(32	)		(42	)
Total increase in interest expense		1,227			1,514			2,741
Increase in net interest income	$	4,591		$	29		$	4,620

Provision for Loan Losses

Our provision for loan losses is a charge to income in order to bring our allowance for loan losses to a level deemed appropriate by management. For a description of the factors taken into account by management in determining the allowance for loan losses see “—Financial Condition—Allowance for Loan Losses.” The provision for loan losses was $633,000 for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and $474,000 for the same period in 2018. The higher provision for the three months ended March 31, 2019 compared to the same period in 2018 was generally attributable to higher loan balances.

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Noninterest Income

Our primary sources of noninterest income are service charges on deposit accounts, debit card and automated teller machine (“ATM”) fee income, income from bank-owned life insurance, and brokerage commissions. The following tables present, for the periods indicated, the major categories of noninterest income:

	For the Three Months Ended March 31,					Increase
	2019			2018		(Decrease)
	(Dollars in thousands) (Unaudited)
Noninterest income:
Service charges on deposit accounts	$	938		$	610	$	328
Debit card and ATM fee income		445			250		195
Bank-owned life insurance income		168			169		(1	)
Brokerage commissions		34			234		(200	)
Mortgage origination income		90			67		23
Correspondent bank income		208			81		127
Rental income		164			164		—
Gain on sale of other assets		—			47		(47	)
Gain (loss) on sales of other real estate owned		(56	)		—		(56	)
Other		320			113		207
Total noninterest income	$	2,311		$	1,735	$	576

Noninterest income for the three months ended March 31, 2019 increased $576,000, or 33.2%, to $2.3 million compared to noninterest income of $1.7 million for the same period in 2018. The primary components of noninterest income were as follows:

Service charges on deposit accounts. We earn fees from our customers for deposit-related services, and these fees constitute a significant and predictable component of our noninterest income. Service charges on deposit accounts were $938,000 for the three months ended March 31, 2019, an increase of $328,000 over the same period in 2018. The increase for the three months ended March 31, 2019, over the same period in 2018, was primarily due to increases in deposit balances and accounts from the acquisition of Richland State Bancorp, Inc. (“RSBI”) and organic growth.

Debit card and ATM fee income. We earn fees from our customers based upon card activity, and these fees constitute a significant recurring component of our noninterest income. Fee income was $445,000 and $250,000 for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively, representing an increase of $195,000, or 78.0%. The increase was primarily due to the additional accounts from the acquisition of RSBI.

Brokerage commissions. We earn commissions from brokerage services provided by our Wealth Solutions Group. Brokerage commissions were $34,000 and $234,000 for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively. The decrease of $200,000 or 85.5% for the three months ended March 31, 2019 over the same period in 2018, was primarily due to restructuring our brokerage activities.

Correspondent bank income. We receive earnings credit income on certain of our correspondent banking relationships. Correspondent bank income was $208,000 and $81,000 during the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively, representing an increase of $127,000 or 156.8%. The increase was attributed to an increase in cash balances.

Gain on sales of other assets. During the first three months of 2018, we closed two branch locations. As part of the process of closing those branches, we moved the buildings to other real estate owned and recognized $47,000 in gains to mark the buildings to fair value.

Other. This category includes a variety of other income producing activities, including wire transfer fees, mortgage-related income, insurance commissions, credit card income and participation fee income. Other income increased $207,000, or 183.2%, for the three months ended March 31, 2019, compared to the same period in 2018. The increase in the three months ended March 31, 2019, compared to the same period in 2018, was primarily due to increases in the use of these services by legacy RSBI customers. We also received a grant in the amount of $113,000 that represented part of the increase.

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Noninterest Expense

Generally, noninterest expense is composed of all employee expenses and costs associated with operating our facilities, obtaining and retaining customer relationships, and providing bank services. The largest component of noninterest expense is salaries and employee benefits. Noninterest expense also includes operational expenses, such as occupancy expenses, depreciation and amortization, professional and regulatory fees, including Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (“FDIC”) assessments, data processing expenses, and advertising and promotion expenses.

The following tables present, for the periods indicated, the major categories of noninterest expense:

	For the Three Months Ended March 31,					Increase
	2019			2018		(Decrease)
	(Dollars in thousands) (Unaudited)
Salaries and employee benefits	$	8,552		$	6,704	$	1,848
Non-staff expenses:
Occupancy of bank premises		1,103			857		246
Depreciation and amortization		628			422		206
Data processing		616			410		206
FDIC assessment fees		150			393		(243	)
Legal and other professional fees		318			402		(84	)
Advertising and promotions		327			229		98
Utilities and communications		298			272		26
Ad valorem shares tax		345			322		23
Directors’ fees		205			159		46
Other real estate owned expenses and write-downs		27			2		25
Merger and conversion related expenses		(254	)		512		(766	)
Other		1,475			1,260		215
Total noninterest expense	$	13,790		$	11,944	$	1,846

Noninterest expense for the three months ended March 31, 2019 increased $1.8 million, or 15.5%, to $13.8 million, compared to noninterest expense of $11.9 million for the same period in 2018. The most significant components of the increase were as follows:

Salaries and employee benefits. Salaries and employee benefits are the largest component of noninterest expense and include payroll expense, the cost of incentive compensation, stock-based compensation, benefit plans, health insurance and payroll taxes. Salaries and employee benefits were $8.6 million for the three months ended March 31, 2019, an increase of $1.8 million, or 27.6%, compared to the same period in 2018. The increase was primarily due to additional hires for new positions, our merit increase cycle, and the acquisition of RSBI (including severance and retention payments related to the acquisitions) and its legacy operations. As of March 31, 2019, we had 346 full-time equivalent employees, compared to 236 as of March 31, 2018.

Occupancy of bank premises. Expenses associated with occupancy of premises were $1.1 million and $857,000 for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively. The increase for the three months ended March 31, 2019, compared to the same period in 2018, is primarily due to increased rent expense on our corporate office location and the acquisition of RSBI and its legacy branch locations.

Depreciation and amortization. Depreciation and amortization costs were $628,000 and $422,000 for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively. This category includes leasehold, furniture, fixtures and equipment depreciation totaling $398,000 and $291,000 for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively. The amortization of intangible assets was $230,000 and $131,000 for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively.

FDIC assessment fees. FDIC assessment fees were $150,000 and $393,000 for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively. The decrease for the three months ended March 31, 2019, compared to the same period in 2018, is primarily due to increased capital ratios.

Legal and other professional fees. Other professional fees include audit, loan review, compliance, and other consultants. Legal and other professional fees were $318,000 and $402,000 for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively. Legal and other professional fees decreased $84,000, or 20.9%, during the three months ended March 31, 2019 due to legal fees in 2018 related to the acquisition of Minden Bancorp, Inc. ("MBI") and our listing on the NASDAQ Global Select Market.

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Advertising and promotions. Advertising and promotions expense was $327,000 and $229,000 for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively. The increase for the three months ended March 31, 2019 was primarily due to higher advertising costs, compared to the same period in 2018.

Merger and conversion related expenses. Merger and conversion related expenses for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018 were related to the acquisitions of RSBI and MBI, respectively. During the three months ended March 31, 2019, we had a merger related termination fee downwards adjustment of $469,000.

Other. This category includes various operating and administrative expenses, including business development expenses (i.e. travel and entertainment, donations and club dues), insurance, supplies and printing, equipment rent, and software support and maintenance. Other noninterest expense increased $215,000 for the three months ended March 31, 2019 compared to the same period in 2018. The increase in other expenses for the three months ended March 31, 2019, compared to the same period in 2018, was primarily due to the acquisition of RSBI and its legacy operations.

Income Tax Expense

The amount of income tax expense is influenced by the amounts of our pre-tax income, tax-exempt income and other nondeductible expenses. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are reflected at currently enacted income tax rates in effect for the period in which the deferred tax assets and liabilities are expected to be realized or settled. As changes in tax laws or rates are enacted, deferred tax assets and liabilities are adjusted through the provision for income taxes. Valuation allowances are established when necessary to reduce deferred tax assets to the amount expected to be realized.

For the three months ended March 31, 2019, income tax expense totaled $1.3 million, an increase of $640,000, or 90.3%, compared to the same period in 2018. Our effective tax rates for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018 were 19.2% and 18.6%, respectively. The increase in our effective tax rate for the three months ended March 31, 2019 is primarily due to the acquisition of RSBI. Our effective tax rate was affected by tax-exempt income generated by municipal securities and BOLI and by other nondeductible expenses.

Financial Condition

Our total assets increased $6.5 million, or 0.3%, from December 31, 2018 to March 31, 2019.

Loan Portfolio

Our primary source of income is interest on loans to individuals, professionals and small to medium-sized businesses located in our markets. Our loan portfolio consists primarily of commercial loans and real estate loans secured by commercial real estate properties located in our primary market areas. Our loan portfolio represents the highest yielding component of our earning asset base.

As of March 31, 2019, total loans held for investment were $1.6 billion, an increase of $57.7 million, or 3.8%, compared to December 31, 2018. The increase was primarily due to our continued loan penetration in our primary market areas. Additionally, $753,000 and $58,000 in mortgage loans were classified as loans held for sale as of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively.

Total loans held for investment as a percentage of total deposits were 90.9% and 88.2% as of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively. Total loans held for investment as a percentage of total assets were 75.5% and 73.0% as of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively.

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The following table summarizes our loan portfolio by type of loan as of the dates indicated:

	As of March 31, 2019 (Unaudited)					As of December 31, 2018
	Amount		Percent			Amount		Percent
	(Dollars in thousands)
Commercial	$	389,855		24.6	%	$	363,640		23.8	%
Real estate:
Construction and land		211,888		13.3			211,054		13.8
Farmland		44,066		2.8			45,989		3.0
1-4 family residential		275,610		17.4			270,583		17.7
Multi-family residential		39,548		2.5			39,273		2.6
Nonfarm nonresidential		550,103		34.7			518,660		33.9
Consumer		75,112		4.7			79,270		5.2
Total loans held for investment	$	1,586,182		100.0	%	$	1,528,469		100.0	%

Commercial loans. Commercial loans are underwritten after evaluating and understanding the borrower’s ability to operate profitably and effectively. These loans are made based primarily on the identified cash flows of the borrower and, secondarily, on the underlying collateral provided by the borrower. Most commercial loans are secured by the assets being financed or other business assets, such as accounts receivable or inventory, and generally include personal guarantees.

Commercial loans increased $26.2 million, or 7.2%, to $389.9 million as of March 31, 2019 from $363.6 million as of December 31, 2018, primarily due to the efforts of our bankers who attracted new clients and leveraged existing bank relationships to fund expansion and growth opportunities.

Construction and land. Construction and land development loans are comprised of loans to fund construction, land acquisition and land development construction. The properties securing the portfolio are located primarily throughout Louisiana and Dallas, Texas, and are generally diverse in terms of type.

Construction and land loans increased $834,000, or 0.4%, to $211.9 million as of March 31, 2019 from $211.1 million as of December 31, 2018, primarily due to opportunities to fund small residential land development projects with proven developers who are existing customers of the Bank and have demonstrated a successful track record for many years.

1-4 family residential. Our 1-4 family residential loan portfolio is comprised of loans secured primarily by single family homes, which are both owner-occupied and investor owned. Our 1-4 family residential loans have a relatively small average balance spread between many individual borrowers.

1-4 family residential loans increased $5.0 million, or 1.9%, to $275.6 million as of March 31, 2019 from $270.6 million as of December 31, 2018.

Nonfarm nonresidential. Nonfarm nonresidential loans are underwritten primarily based on projected cash flows and, secondarily, as loans secured by real estate. These loans may be more adversely affected by conditions in the real estate markets or in the general economy. The properties securing the portfolio are located throughout Louisiana and Texas and are generally diverse in terms of type. This diversity helps reduce the exposure to adverse economic events that affect any single industry.

Nonfarm nonresidential loans increased $31.4 million, or 6.1%, to $550.1 million as of March 31, 2019 from $518.7 million as of December 31, 2018.

Other loan categories. Other categories of loans included in our loan portfolio include farmland and agricultural loans made to farmers and ranchers relating to their operations, multi-family residential loans, and consumer loans. None of these categories of loans represent a significant portion of our total loan portfolio.

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The contractual maturity ranges of loans in our loan portfolio and the amount of such loans with fixed and floating interest rates in each maturity range as of date indicated are summarized in the following tables:

	As of March 31, 2019
	One Year or Less		One Through Five Years		After Five Years		Total
	(Dollars in thousands) (Unaudited)
Commercial	$	143,997	$	185,857	$	60,001	$	389,855
Real estate:
Construction and land		91,177		106,265		14,446		211,888
Farmland		16,037		26,093		1,936		44,066
1-4 family residential		40,223		146,582		88,805		275,610
Multi-family residential		14,544		10,505		14,499		39,548
Nonfarm nonresidential		53,976		330,817		165,310		550,103
Consumer		31,701		38,049		5,362		75,112
Total loans held for investment	$	391,655	$	844,168	$	350,359	$	1,586,182
Amounts with fixed rates	$	138,966	$	598,452	$	256,105	$	993,523
Amounts with floating rates		252,689		245,716		94,254		592,659

	As of December 31, 2018
	One Year or Less		One Through Five Years		After Five Years		Total
	(Dollars in thousands)
Commercial	$	137,581	$	161,874	$	64,185	$	363,640
Real estate:
Construction and land		104,033		74,730		32,291		211,054
Farmland		12,340		31,755		1,894		45,989
1-4 family residential		40,613		137,617		92,353		270,583
Multi-family residential		12,253		12,945		14,075		39,273
Nonfarm nonresidential		61,561		294,683		162,416		518,660
Consumer		36,129		37,161		5,980		79,270
Total loans held for investment	$	404,510	$	750,765	$	373,194	$	1,528,469
Amounts with fixed rates	$	147,087	$	541,076	$	267,748	$	955,911
Amounts with floating rates		257,423		209,689		105,446		572,558

Nonperforming Assets

Loans are considered past due if the required principal and interest payments have not been received as of the date such payments were due. Loans are placed on nonaccrual status when, in management’s opinion, the borrower may be unable to meet payment obligations as they become due, as well as when required by regulatory provisions. Loans may be placed on nonaccrual status regardless of whether or not such loans are considered past due. When interest accrual is discontinued, all unpaid accrued interest is reversed. Interest income is subsequently recognized only to the extent cash payments are received in excess of principal due. Loans are returned to accrual status when all the principal and interest amounts contractually due are brought current and future payments are reasonably assured.

We have several procedures in place to assist in maintaining the overall quality of our loan portfolio. We have established underwriting guidelines to be followed by our bankers, and we also monitor our delinquency levels for any negative or adverse trends. There can be no assurance, however, that our loan portfolio will not become subject to increasing pressures from deteriorating borrower credit due to general economic conditions.

We believe our conservative lending approach and focused management of nonperforming assets has resulted in sound asset quality and timely resolution of problem assets. We had $15.0 million and $15.5 million in nonperforming assets as of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively. We had $13.3 million in nonperforming loans as of March 31, 2019 compared to $13.6 million as of December 31, 2018. The decrease in nonperforming assets from December 31, 2018 to March 31, 2019 is primarily due to the reduction in loans past due 90 or more days and other real estate owned.

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The following tables present information regarding nonperforming loans at the dates indicated:

	As of March 31, 2019 (Unaudited)			As of December 31, 2018
	(Dollars in thousands)
Nonaccrual loans	$	13,183		$	11,691
Accruing loans 90 or more days past due		77			1,876
Total nonperforming loans		13,260			13,567
Repossessed assets		11			11
Other real estate owned:
Commercial real estate, construction, land and land development		1,343			1,568
Residential real estate		340			341
Total other real estate owned		1,683			1,909
Total nonperforming assets	$	14,954		$	15,487
Restructured loans-nonaccrual	$	2,878		$	2,900
Restructured loans-accruing	$	2,855		$	2,920
Ratio of nonperforming loans to total loans held for investment		0.84	%		0.89	%
Ratio of nonperforming assets to total assets		0.71			0.74

	As of March 31, 2019 (Unaudited)		As of December 31, 2018
	(Dollars in thousands)
Nonaccrual loans by category:
Real estate:
Construction and land	$	109	$	32
Farmland		202		112
1-4 family residential		2,959		2,728
Multi-family residential		—		—
Nonfarm nonresidential		6,337		6,031
Commercial		3,377		2,663
Consumer		199		125
Total	$	13,183	$	11,691

Potential Problem Loans

From a credit risk standpoint, we classify loans in our portfolio in one of four categories: pass, special mention, substandard or doubtful. Loans classified as loss are charged-off. The classifications of loans reflect a judgment about the risks of default and loss associated with the loan. Ratings are adjusted to reflect the degree of risk and loss that is believed to be inherent in each credit. Our methodology is structured so that specific allocations are increased in accordance with deterioration in credit quality (and a corresponding increase in risk of loss) or decreased in accordance with improvement in credit quality (and a corresponding decrease in risk of loss).

Credits rated special mention show clear signs of financial weaknesses or deterioration in credit worthiness; however, such concerns are not so pronounced that we generally expect to experience significant loss within the short-term. These credits typically maintain the ability to perform within standard credit terms and credit exposure is not as prominent as credits with a lower rating.

Credits rated substandard are those in which the normal repayment of principal and interest may be, or has been, jeopardized by reason of adverse trends or developments of a financial, managerial, economic or political nature, or important weaknesses which exist in collateral. A protracted workout on these credits is a distinct possibility. Prompt corrective action is therefore required to reduce exposure and to assure that adequate remedial measures are taken by the borrower. Credit exposure becomes more likely in such credits and a serious evaluation of the secondary support to the credit is performed.

Credits rated doubtful have all the weaknesses inherent in those rated substandard, with the added characteristic that the weaknesses make collection or liquidation in full, on the basis of currently existing facts, conditions, and values, highly questionable and improbable.

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The following tables summarize our internal ratings of loans held for investment as of the dates indicated.

	As of March 31, 2019
	Pass		Special Mention		Substandard		Doubtful		Total
	(Dollars in thousands) (Unaudited)
Real estate:
Construction and land	$	208,997	$	1,568	$	1,214	$	109	$	211,888
Farmland		43,697		152		15		202		44,066
1-4 family residential		264,981		4,956		2,714		2,959		275,610
Multi-family residential		39,513		—		35		—		39,548
Nonfarm nonresidential		526,600		12,604		4,562		6,337		550,103
Commercial		375,412		3,985		7,081		3,377		389,855
Consumer		73,743		1,024		146		199		75,112
Total	$	1,532,943	$	24,289	$	15,767	$	13,183	$	1,586,182

	As of December 31, 2018
	Pass		Special Mention		Substandard		Doubtful		Total
	(Dollars in thousands)
Real estate:
Construction and land	$	209,027	$	718	$	1,277	$	32	$	211,054
Farmland		45,563		153		161		112		45,989
1-4 family residential		260,325		4,601		2,929		2,728		270,583
Multi-family residential		39,237		—		36		—		39,273
Nonfarm nonresidential		494,698		14,421		3,510		6,031		518,660
Commercial		347,839		5,690		7,448		2,663		363,640
Consumer		77,731		1,180		234		125		79,270
Total	$	1,474,420	$	26,763	$	15,595	$	11,691	$	1,528,469

Allowance for Loan Losses

We maintain an allowance for loan losses that represents management’s best estimate of the loan losses and risks inherent in the loan portfolio. In determining the allowance for loan losses, we estimate losses on specific loans, or groups of loans, where the probable loss can be identified and reasonably determined. The balance of the allowance for loan losses is based on internally assigned risk classifications of loans, historical loan loss rates, changes in the nature of the loan portfolio, overall portfolio quality, industry concentrations, delinquency trends, current economic factors and the estimated impact of current economic conditions on certain historical loan loss rates. For additional information, see Note 6 to the consolidated financial statements.

In connection with our review of the loan portfolio, we consider risk elements attributable to particular loan types or categories in assessing the quality of individual loans. Some of the risk elements we consider include:

•

for commercial and industrial loans, the operating results of the commercial, industrial or professional enterprise, the borrower’s business, professional and financial ability and expertise, the specific risks and volatility of income and operating results typical for businesses in that category, and the value, nature and marketability of collateral;

•

for commercial mortgage loans and multifamily residential loans, the debt service coverage ratio (income from the property in excess of operating expenses compared to loan payment requirements), operating results of the owner in the case of owner occupied properties, the loan to value ratio, the age and condition of the collateral, and the volatility of income, property value and future operating results typical for properties of that type;

•

for 1-4 family residential mortgage loans, the borrower’s ability to repay the loan, including a consideration of the debt to income ratio and employment and income stability, the loan to value ratio, and the age, condition and marketability of the collateral; and

•

for construction, land development and other land loans, the perceived feasibility of the project including the ability to sell developed lots or improvements constructed for resale or the ability to lease property constructed for lease, the quality and nature of contracts for presale or prelease, if any, the experience and ability of the developer, and the loan to value ratio.

As of March 31, 2019, the allowance for loan losses totaled $11.8 million, or 0.75%, of total loans held for investment. As of December 31, 2018, the allowance for loan losses totaled $11.2 million, or 0.73%, of total loans held for investment.

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The following table presents, as of and for the periods indicated, an analysis of the allowance for loan losses and other related data:

	As of and For the Three Months Ended March 31, 2019 (Unaudited)			As of and For the Year Ended December 31, 2018
	(Dollars in thousands)
Average loans outstanding⁽¹⁾	$	1,549,887		$	1,258,178
Gross loans held for investment outstanding at end of period⁽¹⁾	$	1,586,182		$	1,528,469
Allowance for loan losses at beginning of period	$	11,220		$	8,765
Provision for loan losses		633			2,390
Charge-offs:
Real estate:
Construction, land and farmland		4			90
Residential		10			294
Nonfarm non-residential		10			—
Commercial		20			—
Consumer		13			88
Total charge-offs		57			472
Recoveries:
Real estate:
Construction, land and farmland		—			398
Residential		7			18
Nonfarm non-residential		—			13
Commercial		5			28
Consumer		10			80
Total recoveries		22			537
Net charge-offs (recoveries)		35			(65	)
Allowance for loan losses at end of period	$	11,818		$	11,220
Ratio of allowance to end of period loans held for investment		0.75	%		0.73	%
Ratio of net charge-offs (recoveries) to average loans		—			—

(1)	Excluding loans held for sale.

Although we believe that we have established our allowance for loan losses in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”) and that the allowance for loan losses was adequate to provide for known and inherent losses in the portfolio at all times shown above, future provisions will be subject to ongoing evaluations of the risks in our loan portfolio. If we experience economic declines or if asset quality deteriorates, material additional provisions could be required.

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The following table shows the allocation of the allowance for loan losses among loan categories and certain other information as of the dates indicated. The allocation of the allowance for loan losses as shown in the table should neither be interpreted as an indication of future charge-offs, nor as an indication that charge-offs in future periods will necessarily occur in these amounts or in the indicated proportions. The total allowance is available to absorb losses from any loan category.

	As of March 31, 2019 (Unaudited)					As of December 31, 2018
	Amount		Percent to Total			Amount		Percent to Total
	(Dollars in thousands)
Real estate:
Construction and land	$	1,600		13.5	%	$	1,590		14.2	%
Farmland		105		0.9			104		0.9
1-4 family residential		1,574		13.3			1,538		13.7
Multi-family residential		235		2.0			236		2.1
Nonfarm nonresidential		2,849		24.1			2,715		24.2
Total real estate		6,363		53.8			6,183		55.1
Commercial		4,886		41.4			4,453		39.7
Consumer		569		4.8			584		5.2
Total allowance for loan losses	$	11,818		100.0	%	$	11,220		100.0	%

Securities

We use our securities portfolio to provide a source of liquidity, an appropriate return on funds invested, manage interest rate risk, meet collateral requirements, and meet regulatory capital requirements. As of March 31, 2019, the carrying amount of investment securities totaled $304.1 million, a decrease of $5.4 million, or 1.7%, compared to $309.5 million as of December 31, 2018. Our securities portfolio represented 14.5% and 14.8% of total assets as of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively.

Our investment portfolio consists entirely of securities classified as available for sale. As a result, the carrying values of our investment securities are adjusted for unrealized gain or loss, and any gain or loss is reported on an after-tax basis as a component of other comprehensive income in shareholders’ equity. The following tables summarize the amortized cost and estimated fair value of investment securities as of the dates shown:

	As of March 31, 2019
	Amortized Cost		Gross Unrealized Gains		Gross Unrealized Losses		Fair Value
	(Dollars in thousands) (Unaudited)
U.S. government agencies	$	19,352	$	200	$	37	$	19,515
Corporate bonds		13,046		98		232		12,912
Mortgage-backed securities		167,705		975		1,816		166,864
Municipal securities		104,436		630		235		104,831
Total	$	304,539	$	1,903	$	2,320	$	304,122

	As of December 31, 2018
	Amortized Cost		Gross Unrealized Gains		Gross Unrealized Losses		Fair Value
	(Dollars in thousands)
U.S. government agencies	$	17,529	$	54	$	144	$	17,439
Corporate bonds		13,052		76		436		12,692
Mortgage-backed securities		168,854		328		3,564		165,618
Municipal securities		114,472		250		955		113,767
Total	$	313,907	$	708	$	5,099	$	309,516

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All of our mortgage-backed securities are agency securities. We do not hold any Fannie Mae or Freddie Mac preferred stock, corporate equity, collateralized debt obligations, collateralized loan obligations, structured investment vehicles, private label collateralized mortgage obligations, subprime, Alt-A, or second lien elements in our investment portfolio. As of March 31, 2019, the investment portfolio did not contain any securities that are directly backed by subprime or Alt-A mortgages.

Management evaluates securities for other-than-temporary impairment, at least on a quarterly basis, and more frequently when economic or market conditions warrant such an evaluation.

The following tables set forth the fair value, maturities and approximated weighted average yield based on estimated annual income divided by the average amortized cost of the securities portfolio as of the dates indicated. The contractual maturity of a mortgage-backed security is the date at which the last underlying mortgage matures.

	As of March 31, 2019
	Within One Year					After One Year but Within Five Years					After Five Years but Within Ten Years					After Ten Years					Total
	Amount		Yield			Amount		Yield			Amount		Yield			Amount		Yield			Total		Yield
	(Dollars in thousands) (Unaudited)
U.S. government agencies	$	999		1.11	%	$	6,791		2.86	%	$	11,725		2.88	%	$	—		—	%	$	19,515		2.78	%
Corporate bonds		—		—	%		8,494		3.94	%		4,418		5.22	%		—		—	%		12,912		4.38	%
Mortgage-backed securities		79		0.56	%		12,253		2.46	%		82,078		2.21	%		72,454		2.86	%		166,864		2.51	%
Municipal securities		12,317		2.10	%		40,363		2.09	%		39,367		2.23	%		12,784		2.80	%		104,831		2.23	%
Total	$	13,395		2.01	%	$	67,901		2.47	%	$	137,588		2.37	%	$	85,238		2.85	%	$	304,122		2.51	%

	As of December 31, 2018
	Within One Year					After One Year but Within Five Years					After Five Years but Within Ten Years					After Ten Years					Total
	Amount		Yield			Amount		Yield			Amount		Yield			Amount		Yield			Total		Yield
	(Dollars in thousands)
U.S. government agencies	$	997		1.11	%	$	6,915		2.85	%	$	9,527		2.85	%	$	—		—	%	$	17,439		2.75	%
Corporate bonds		—		—	%		8,316		3.78	%		4,376		5.22	%		—		—	%		12,692		4.28	%
Mortgage-backed securities		71		1.27	%		13,308		2.45	%		82,754		2.16	%		69,485		2.82	%		165,618		2.46	%
Municipal securities		14,227		1.98	%		45,674		2.09	%		38,222		2.20	%		15,644		2.77	%		113,767		2.21	%
Total	$	15,295		1.92	%	$	74,213		2.42	%	$	134,879		2.32	%	$	85,129		2.81	%	$	309,516		2.46	%

The contractual maturity of mortgage-backed securities, collateralized mortgage obligations and asset backed securities is not a reliable indicator of their expected life because borrowers have the right to prepay their obligations at any time. Mortgage-backed securities and asset-backed securities are typically issued with stated principal amounts and are backed by pools of mortgage loans and other loans with varying maturities. The term of the underlying mortgages and loans may vary significantly due to the ability of a borrower to pre-pay. Monthly pay downs on mortgage-backed securities tend to cause the average life of the securities to be much different than the stated contractual maturity. During a period of increasing interest rates, fixed rate mortgage-backed securities do not tend to experience heavy prepayments of principal and, consequently, the average life of this security will be lengthened. If interest rates begin to fall, prepayments may increase, thereby shortening the estimated life of this security. The weighted average life of our investment portfolio was 4.51 years with an estimated effective duration of 44.58 months as of March 31, 2019.

As of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, we did not own securities of any one issuer for which aggregate adjusted cost exceeded 10% of our consolidated shareholders’ equity as of such respective dates.

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Deposits

We offer a variety of deposit accounts having a wide range of interest rates and terms including demand, savings, money market and time accounts. We rely primarily on competitive pricing policies, convenient locations and personalized service to attract and retain these deposits.

Total deposits as of March 31, 2019 were $1.7 billion, an increase of $10.4 million, or 0.6%, compared to $1.7 billion as of December 31, 2018, primarily due to organic growth.

Noninterest-bearing deposits as of March 31, 2019 were $396.8 million, compared to $382.4 million as of December 31, 2018, an increase of $14.4 million, or 3.8%.

Average deposits for the three months ended March 31, 2019 were $1.7 billion, an increase of $357.7 million, or 26.1%, over the average deposits for the year ended December 31, 2018 of $1.4 billion. The average rate paid on total interest-bearing deposits increased over this period from 1.12% for the year ended December 31, 2018 to 1.42% for the three months ended March 31, 2019. The increase in average rates during the three months ended March 31, 2019 over the average for the year ended December 31, 2018 was primarily due to the increase in deposit pricing from rising interest rates. In addition, the stability and continued growth of noninterest-bearing demand accounts served to reduce the cost of deposits to 1.10% for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 0.86% for the year ended December 31, 2018.

The following table presents the monthly average balances and weighted average rates paid on deposits for the periods indicated:

	For the Three Months Ended March 31, 2019 (Unaudited)					For the Year Ended December 31, 2018
	Average Balance		Average Rate			Average Balance		Average Rate
	(Dollars in thousands)
Interest-bearing demand accounts	$	35,528		1.15	%	$	37,178		0.88	%
Negotiable order of withdrawal (“NOW”) accounts		274,218		0.94	%		183,705		0.57	%
Limited access money market accounts and savings		447,321		0.99	%		356,880		0.74	%
Certificates and other time deposits > $250k		187,925		1.91	%		152,159		1.60	%
Certificates and other time deposits < $250k		390,421		2.05	%		322,010		1.67	%
Total interest-bearing deposits		1,335,413		1.42	%		1,051,932		1.12	%
Noninterest-bearing demand accounts		393,816		—			319,623		—
Total deposits	$	1,729,229		1.10	%	$	1,371,555		0.86	%

The ratio of average noninterest-bearing deposits to average total deposits for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and the year ended December 31, 2018 was 22.8% and 23.3%, respectively.

The following table sets forth the certificates of deposit by time remaining until maturity:

	As of March 31, 2019
	Certificates of Deposit More Than $250,000		Certificates of Deposit of $100,000 Through $250,000		Certificates of Deposit Less Than $100,000		Total
	(Dollars in thousands) (Unaudited)
1 year or less	$	92,970	$	215,709	$	70,634	$	379,313
More than 1 year but less than 3 years		60,910		81,355		38,311		180,576
3 years or more but less than 5 years		10,419		12,698		6,875		29,992
5 years or more		—		—		—		—
Total	$	164,299	$	309,762	$	115,820	$	589,881

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	As of December 31, 2018
	Certificates of Deposit More Than $250,000		Certificates of Deposit of $100,000 Through $250,000		Certificates of Deposit Less Than $100,000		Total
	(Dollars in thousands)
1 year or less	$	89,045	$	214,470	$	71,097	$	374,612
More than 1 year but less than 3 years		60,161		69,613		36,438		166,212
3 years or more but less than 5 years		10,939		12,226		7,121		30,286
5 years or more		—		—		—		—
Total	$	160,145	$	296,309	$	114,656	$	571,110

Borrowings

We utilize short-term and long-term borrowings to supplement deposits in funding our lending and investment activities. In addition, we use short-term borrowings to periodically repurchase outstanding shares of our common stock and for general corporate purposes. Each of these relationships are discussed below.

FHLB advances. The Federal Home Loan Bank, or FHLB, allows us to borrow on a blanket floating lien status collateralized by certain securities and loans. As of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, total borrowing capacity of $652.1 million and $544.0 million, respectively, was available under this arrangement, and $30.0 million and $55.0 million, respectively, was outstanding with a weighted average stated interest rate of 2.41% as of March 31, 2019 and 2.47% as of December 31, 2018. Our current FHLB advance matures within five years. We utilize these borrowings to meet liquidity needs and to fund certain fixed rate loans in our portfolio.

The following table presents our FHLB borrowings at the dates indicated.

	FHLB Advances
	(Dollars in Thousands)
March 31, 2019
Amount outstanding at quarter-end	$	30,000
Weighted average stated interest rate at quarter-end		2.41	%
Maximum month-end balance during the quarter	$	30,000
Average balance outstanding during the quarter	$	37,527
Weighted average interest rate during the quarter		3.04	%

December 31, 2018
Amount outstanding at year-end	$	55,000
Weighted average stated interest rate at year-end		2.47	%
Maximum month-end balance during the year	$	105,000
Average balance outstanding during the year	$	84,187
Weighted average interest rate during the year		2.20	%

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Subordinated Note Purchase Agreement (“Subordinated Debt”). On December 17, 2018 we entered into a subordinated debt agreement with EJF Capital, LLC for $25.0 million due in 2033. This subordinated debt agreement is due at maturity with quarterly interest payments bearing a 6.75% fixed-to-floating rate. The balance outstanding at both March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018 was $25.0 million. This subordinated debt agreement was established for the purpose of paying off the FNBB long term advance and line of credit and to gain additional Tier 2 capital.

The following table presents the Subordinated Debt at the dates indicated.

	Subordinated Debt
	(Dollars in Thousands)
March 31, 2019
Amount outstanding at quarter-end	$	25,000
Weighted average stated interest rate at quarter-end		6.75	%
Maximum month-end balance during the quarter	$	25,000
Average balance outstanding during the quarter	$	25,000
Weighted average interest rate during the quarter		6.73	%

December 31, 2018
Amount outstanding at year-end	$	25,000
Weighted average stated interest rate at year-end		6.75	%
Maximum month-end balance during the year	$	25,000
Average balance outstanding during the year	$	1,027
Weighted average interest rate during the year		6.75	%

Correspondent Bank Federal Funds Purchased Relationships

We maintain Federal Funds Purchased Relationships with the following financial institutions and limits as of March 31, 2019:

	Fed Funds Limits
	(Dollars in Thousands)
FNBB	$	35,000
Compass Bank	$	30,000
The Independent Bankers Bank	$	25,000
FTN	$	17,000
ServisFirst Bank	$	10,000
Center State Bank	$	9,000

The following table represents combined Federal Funds Purchased for all relationships at the dates indicated.

	Fed Funds Purchased
	(Dollars in Thousands)
March 31, 2019
Amount outstanding at quarter-end	$	—
Weighted average interest rate at quarter-end		—	%
Maximum month-end balance during the quarter	$	—
Average balance outstanding during the quarter	$	501
Weighted average interest rate during the quarter		3.12	%

December 31, 2018
Amount outstanding at year-end	$	—
Weighted average interest rate at year-end		—	%
Maximum month-end balance during the year	$	—
Average balance outstanding during the year	$	114
Weighted average interest rate during the year		2.44	%

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Liquidity and Capital Resources

Liquidity

Liquidity involves our ability to utilize funds to support asset growth and acquisitions or reduce assets to meet deposit withdrawals and other payment obligations, to maintain reserve requirements and otherwise to operate on an ongoing basis and manage unexpected events. For the three months ended March 31, 2019 and the year ended December 31, 2018, liquidity needs were primarily met by core deposits, security and loan maturities, and amortizing investment and loan portfolios. Although access to brokered deposits, purchased funds from correspondent banks and overnight advances from the FHLB have been utilized on occasion to take advantage of investment opportunities, we do not generally rely on these external funding sources. As of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, we maintained six lines of credit with commercial banks which provided for extensions of credit with an availability to borrow up to an aggregate of $126.0 million. There were no funds under these lines of credit outstanding as of March 31, 2019 or December 31, 2018.

The following table illustrates, during the periods presented, the mix of our funding sources and the average assets in which those funds are invested as a percentage of average total assets for the periods indicated. Average total assets equaled $2.1 billion and $1.7 billion for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and the year ended December 31, 2018, respectively.

	For the Three Months Ended March 31, 2019			For the Year Ended December 31, 2018
	(Unaudited)
Sources of Funds:
Deposits:
Noninterest-bearing		19.0	%		19.0	%
Interest-bearing		64.3	%		62.5	%
Subordinated debt		1.2	%		0.1	%
Advances from FHLB		1.8	%		5.0	%
Other borrowings		0.6	%		1.1	%
Other liabilities		0.4	%		0.4	%
Shareholders’ equity		12.7	%		11.9	%
Total		100.0	%		100.0	%

Uses of Funds:
Loans, net of allowance for loan losses		74.1	%		74.2	%
Securities available for sale		14.9	%		15.3	%
Interest-bearing deposits in other banks		2.2	%		1.9	%
Other noninterest-earning assets		8.8	%		8.6	%
Total		100.0	%		100.0	%
Average noninterest-bearing deposits to average deposits		22.8	%		23.3	%
Average loans to average deposits		89.6	%		91.7	%

Our primary source of funds is deposits, and our primary use of funds is loans. We do not expect a change in the primary source or use of our funds in the foreseeable future. Our average loans increased 31.6% for the three months ended March 31, 2019 compared to the same period in 2018, primarily due to the acquisition of RSBI and organic growth. We predominantly invest excess deposits in overnight deposits with the Federal Reserve, securities, interest-bearing deposits at other banks or other short-term liquid investments until needed to fund loan growth. Our securities portfolio had a weighted average life of 4.51 years and an effective duration of 44.58 months as of March 31, 2019. As of December 31, 2018, our securities portfolio had a weighted average life of 4.50 years and an effective duration of 44.69 months.

As of March 31, 2019, we had outstanding $343.7 million in commitments to extend credit and $22.7 million in commitments associated with outstanding standby and commercial letters of credit. As of December 31, 2018, we had outstanding $322.5 million in commitments to extend credit and $11.5 million in commitments associated with outstanding standby and commercial letters of credit. Because commitments associated with letters of credit and commitments to extend credit may expire unused, the total outstanding may not necessarily reflect the actual future cash funding requirements.

As of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, we had no exposure to future cash requirements associated with known uncertainties or capital expenditures of a material nature. As of March 31, 2019, we had cash and cash equivalents of $52.6 million compared to $96.1 million as of December 31, 2018.

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Capital Resources

Total shareholders’ equity increased to $269.1 million as of March 31, 2019, compared to $260.1 million as of December 31, 2018, an increase of $9.1 million, or 3.5%. This increase was primarily due to $5.7 million in net income and a $3.1 million reduction in unrealized losses on our investment portfolio, and offset with $1.1 million in paid dividends.

On April 23, 2019, our Board of Directors (the “Board”) declared a quarterly dividend based upon our financial performance for the three months ended March 31, 2019 in the amount of $0.10 per share to the common shareholders of record as of May 15, 2019. The dividend is to be paid on May 31, 2019, or as soon as practicable thereafter.

The declaration and payment of dividends to our shareholders, as well as the amounts thereof, are subject to the discretion of the Board and depend upon our results of operations, financial condition, capital levels, cash requirements, future prospects and other factors deemed relevant by the Board. As a bank holding company, our ability to pay dividends is largely dependent upon the receipt of dividends from our subsidiary, Business First Bank. There can be no assurance that we will declare and pay any dividends to our shareholders.

Capital management consists of providing equity to support current and future operations. Banking regulators view capital levels as important indicators of an institution’s financial soundness. As a general matter, FDIC-insured depository institutions and their holding companies are required to maintain minimum capital relative to the amount and types of assets they hold. We are subject to regulatory capital requirements at the bank holding company and bank levels. As of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, we and Business First Bank were in compliance with all applicable regulatory capital requirements, and Business First Bank was classified as “well-capitalized,” for purposes of prompt corrective action regulations. As we employ our capital and continue to grow our operations, our regulatory capital levels may decrease depending on our level of earnings. However, we expect to monitor and control our growth in order to remain in compliance with all applicable regulatory capital standards applicable to us.

The following table presents the actual capital amounts and regulatory capital ratios for us and Business First Bank as of the dates indicated.

	As of March 31, 2019 (Unaudited)					As of December 31, 2018
	Amount		Ratio			Amount		Ratio
	(Dollars in thousands)
Business First Bancshares, Inc. (Consolidated)
Total capital (to risk weighted assets)	$	248,971		13.66	%	$	242,144		13.91	%
Tier 1 capital (to risk weighted assets)		212,153		11.64	%		205,924		11.83	%
Common Equity Tier 1 capital (to risk weighted assets)		212,153		11.64	%		205,924		11.83	%
Tier 1 Leverage capital (to average assets)		212,153		10.45	%		205,924		11.66	%

Business First Bank
Total capital (to risk weighted assets)	$	231,673		12.72	%	$	224,356		12.90	%
Tier 1 capital (to risk weighted assets)		219,855		12.07	%		213,136		12.26	%
Common Equity Tier 1 capital (to risk weighted assets)		219,855		12.07	%		213,136		12.26	%
Tier 1 Leverage capital (to average assets)		219,855		10.83	%		213,136		12.08	%

Long Term Debt

For information on our borrowings for the subordinated debt, please refer to “Borrowings.”

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Contractual Obligations

The following tables summarize contractual obligations and other commitments to make future payments as of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018 (other than non-maturity deposit obligations), which consist of future cash payments associated with our contractual obligations pursuant to our FHLB short term advances, subordinated debt, and non-cancelable future operating leases. Payments related to leases are based on actual payments specified in underlying contracts. Advances from the FHLB totaled approximately $30.0 million and $55.0 million at March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively. As of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, the FHLB short term advances were collateralized by a blanket floating lien on certain securities and loans, had a weighted average stated rate of 2.41% and 2.47%, respectively, and maturing in 2022. The subordinated debt agreement totaled $25.0 million at both March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018. This subordinated debt was secured by a pledge of and security interest in the common stock of our wholly-owned subsidiary, Business First Bank, bearing interest at a fixed-to-floating rate of 6.75%, and maturing in 2033.

	As of March 31, 2019
	1 year or less		More than 1 year but less than 3 years		3 years or more but less than 5 years		5 years or more		Total
	(Dollars in thousands) (Unaudited)
Non-cancelable future operating leases	$	2,329	$	3,288	$	2,508	$	5,790	$	13,915
Time deposits		379,313		180,576		29,992		—		589,881
Subordinated debt		—		—		—		25,000		25,000
Advances from FHLB		—		—		30,000		—		30,000
Securities sold under agreements to repurchase		11,070		—		—		—		11,070
Standby and commercial letters of credit		21,415		1,313		—		—		22,728
Commitments to extend credit		178,634		119,451		20,215		25,387		343,687
Total	$	592,761	$	304,628	$	82,715	$	56,177	$	1,036,281

	As of December 31, 2018
	1 year or less		More than 1 year but less than 3 years		3 years or more but less than 5 years		5 years or more		Total
	(Dollars in thousands)
Non-cancelable future operating leases	$	2,366	$	3,087	$	2,294	$	4,751	$	12,498
Time deposits		374,612		166,212		30,286		—		571,110
Subordinated debt		—		—		—		25,000		25,000
Advances from FHLB		25,000		—		30,000		—		55,000
Securities sold under agreements to repurchase		12,229		—		—		—		12,229
Standby and commercial letters of credit		8,691		2,816		—		—		11,507
Commitments to extend credit		171,113		113,441		16,696		21,216		322,466
Total	$	594,011	$	285,556	$	79,276	$	50,967	$	1,009,810

Off-Balance Sheet Items

In the normal course of business, we enter into various transactions which, in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, or GAAP, are not included in our consolidated balance sheets. We enter into these transactions to meet the financing needs of our customers. These transactions include commitments to extend credit and standby and commercial letters of credit which involve, to varying degrees, elements of credit risk and interest rate risk in excess of the amounts recognized in the consolidated balance sheets.

Our commitments associated with outstanding standby and commercial letters of credit and commitments to extend credit expiring by period as of the dates indicated are summarized below. Because commitments associated with letters of credit and commitments to extend credit may expire unused, the amounts shown do not necessarily reflect the actual future cash funding requirements.

	As of March 31, 2019
	1 year or less		More than 1 year but less than 3 years		3 years or more but less than 5 years		5 years or more		Total
	(Dollars in thousands) (Unaudited)
Standby and commercial letters of credit	$	21,415	$	1,313	$	—	$	—	$	22,728
Commitments to extend credit		178,634		119,451		20,215		25,387		343,687
Total	$	200,049	$	120,764	$	20,215	$	25,387	$	366,415

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	As of December 31, 2018
	1 year or less		More than 1 year but less than 3 years		3 years or more but less than 5 years		5 years or more		Total
	(Dollars in thousands)
Standby and commercial letters of credit	$	8,691	$	2,816	$	—	$	—	$	11,507
Commitments to extend credit		171,113		113,441		16,696		21,216		322,466
Total	$	179,804	$	116,257	$	16,696	$	21,216	$	333,973

Standby and commercial letters of credit are conditional commitments issued by us to guarantee the performance of a customer to a third party. In the event of nonperformance by the customer, we have rights to the underlying collateral, which can include commercial real estate, physical plant and property, inventory, receivables, cash and/or marketable securities. The credit risk to us in issuing letters of credit is essentially the same as that involved in extending loan facilities to our customers.

Commitments to extend credit are agreements to lend to a customer as long as there is no violation of any condition established in the contract. Commitments generally have fixed expiration dates or other termination clauses and may require payment of a fee. Because many of the commitments are expected to expire without being fully drawn upon, the total commitment amounts disclosed above do not necessarily represent future cash requirements. We evaluate each customer’s creditworthiness on a case-by-case basis. The amount of collateral obtained, if considered necessary by us, upon extension of credit, is based on management’s credit evaluation of the customer.

Interest Rate Sensitivity and Market Risk

As a financial institution, our primary component of market risk is interest rate volatility. Our asset liability and funds management policy provides management with the guidelines for effective funds management, and we have established a measurement system for monitoring our net interest rate sensitivity position. We manage our sensitivity position within our established guidelines.

Fluctuations in interest rates will ultimately impact both the level of income and expense recorded on most of our assets and liabilities, and the market value of all interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities, other than those which have a short term to maturity. Interest rate risk is the potential of economic losses due to future interest rate changes. These economic losses can be reflected as a loss of future net interest income and/or a loss of current fair market values. The objective is to measure the effect on net interest income and to adjust the balance sheet to minimize the inherent risk while at the same time maximizing income.

We manage our exposure to interest rates by structuring our balance sheet in the ordinary course of business. We do not enter into instruments such as leveraged derivatives, interest rate swaps, financial options, financial futures contracts or forward delivery contracts for the purpose of reducing interest rate risk. Based upon the nature of our operations, we are not subject to foreign exchange or commodity price risk. We do not own any trading assets.

Our exposure to interest rate risk is managed by the asset-liability committee of Business First Bank, in accordance with policies approved by our board of directors. The committee formulates strategies based on appropriate levels of interest rate risk. In determining the appropriate level of interest rate risk, the committee considers the impact on earnings and capital of the current outlook on interest rates, potential changes in interest rates, regional economies, liquidity, business strategies and other factors. The committee meets regularly to review, among other things, the sensitivity of assets and liabilities to interest rate changes, the book and market values of assets and liabilities, unrealized gains and losses, purchase and sale activities, commitments to originate loans and the maturities of investments and borrowings. Additionally, the committee reviews liquidity, cash flow flexibility, maturities of deposits and consumer and commercial deposit activity. Management employs methodologies to manage interest rate risk which include an analysis of relationships between interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities, and an interest rate shock simulation model.

We use interest rate risk simulation models and shock analysis to test the interest rate sensitivity of net interest income and fair value of equity, and the impact of changes in interest rates on other financial metrics. Contractual maturities and re-pricing opportunities of loans are incorporated in the model as are prepayment assumptions, maturity data and call options within the investment portfolio. Average lives of non-maturity deposit accounts are based on standard regulatory decay assumptions and are also incorporated into the model. Model assumptions are revised and updated as more accurate information becomes available. The assumptions used are inherently uncertain and, as a result, the model cannot precisely measure future net interest income or precisely predict the impact of fluctuations in market interest rates on net interest income. Actual results will differ from the model’s simulated results due to timing, magnitude and frequency of interest rate changes, as well as changes in market conditions and the application and timing of various management strategies.

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On at least a quarterly basis, we run two simulation models including a static balance sheet and dynamic growth balance sheet. These models test the impact on net interest income and fair value of equity from changes in market interest rates under various scenarios. Under the static and dynamic growth models, rates are shocked instantaneously based upon parallel and non-parallel yield curve shifts. Parallel shock scenarios assume instantaneous parallel movements in the yield curve compared to a flat yield curve scenario. Non-parallel simulation involves analysis of interest income and expense under various changes in the shape of the yield curve. Internal policy regarding interest rate risk simulations currently specifies that for instantaneous parallel shifts of the yield curve, estimated net interest income at risk for the subsequent one-year period should not decline by more than 5.0% for a 100 basis point shift, 10% for a 200 basis point shift, and 12.5% for a 300 basis point shift. Internal policy regarding interest rate simulations currently specifies that for instantaneous parallel shifts of the yield curve, estimated fair value of equity at risk for the subsequent one-year period should not decline by more than 10.00% for a 100 basis point shift, 15.00% for a 200 basis point shift, and 25.00% for a 300 basis point shift.

The following table summarizes the simulated change in net interest income and fair value of equity over a 12-month horizon as of the dates indicated:

	As of March 31, 2019						As of December 31, 2018
Change in Interest Rates (Basis Points)	Percent Change in Net Interest Income			Percent Change in Fair Value of Equity			Percent Change in Net Interest Income			Percent Change in Fair Value of Equity
+300		6.10	%		(3.96	%)		5.20	%		(2.07	%)
+200		3.70	%		(2.50	%)		3.10	%		(1.24	%)
+100		1.60	%		(1.27	%)		1.10	%		(0.64	%)
Base		0.00	%		0.00	%		0.00	%		0.00	%
-100		(4.20	%)		0.70	%		(4.40	%)		(0.29	%)

The results are primarily due to the behavior of demand, money market and savings deposits during such rate fluctuations. We have found that, historically, interest rates on these deposits change more slowly than changes in the discount and federal funds rates. This assumption is incorporated into the simulation model and is generally not fully reflected in a gap analysis.

Impact of Inflation

Our consolidated financial statements and related notes included elsewhere in this statement have been prepared in accordance with GAAP. These require the measurement of financial position and operating results in terms of historical dollars, without considering changes in the relative value of money over time due to inflation or recession.

Unlike many industrial companies, substantially all of our assets and liabilities are monetary in nature. As a result, interest rates have a more significant impact on our performance than the effects of general levels of inflation. Interest rates may not necessarily move in the same direction or in the same magnitude as the prices of goods and services. However, other operating expenses do reflect general levels of inflation.

Non-GAAP Financial Measures

Our accounting and reporting policies conform to GAAP, and the prevailing practices in the banking industry. However, we also evaluate our performance based on certain additional non-GAAP financial measures. We classify a financial measure as being a non-GAAP financial measure if that financial measure excludes or includes amounts, or is subject to adjustments that have the effect of excluding or including amounts, that are included or excluded, as the case may be, in the most directly comparable measure calculated and presented in accordance with GAAP as in effect from time to time in the United States in our statements of income, balance sheets or statements of cash flows. Non-GAAP financial measures do not include operating and other statistical measures or ratios or statistical measures calculated using exclusively either financial measures calculated in accordance with GAAP, operating measures or other measures that are not non-GAAP financial measures or both.

This discussion and analysis section includes certain non-GAAP financial measures (e.g., referenced as “core” or “tangible”) intended to supplement, not substitute for, comparable GAAP measures. These measures typically adjust income available to common shareholders for certain significant activities or transactions that in management’s opinion can distort period-to-period comparisons of Business First’s performance. Transactions that are typically excluded from non-GAAP measures include realized and unrealized gains/losses on former bank premises and equipment, impaired loan sales, and acquisition-related expenses (including, but not limited to, legal costs, system conversion costs, severance and retention payments, etc.). The measures also typically adjust goodwill and intangible assets from book value and shareholders’ equity.

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Management believes presentations of these non-GAAP financial measures provide useful supplemental information that is essential to a proper understanding of the operating results of the Company’s core business. These non-GAAP disclosures are not necessarily comparable to non-GAAP measures that may be presented by other companies. You should understand how such other banking organizations calculate their financial metrics or with names similar to the non-GAAP financial measures we have discussed in this statement when comparing such non-GAAP financial measures.

Core Net Income. Notable noncore events impacting earnings includes noninterest expense of ($50,000) and $512,000 related to acquisition-related activities (including, but not limited to, severance and retention, system conversion, legal costs, etc.) for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively. Core net income, which excludes noncore income and expenses, for the three months ended March 31, 2019 was $5.6 million, or $0.41 per diluted share, compared to core net income of $3.6 million, or $0.34 per diluted share, for the three months ended March 31, 2018. As adjusted, core return on average assets and core return on average equity, in each case on an annualized basis, were 1.08% and 8.57% for the three months ended March 31, 2019, compared to 0.88% and 7.96% for the three months ended March 31, 2018.

	For the Three Months Ended March 31, (Unaudited)
	2019			2018

	(Dollars in thousands, except per share data)
Core Net Income
Net income	$	5,659		$	3,108
Adjustments (net of tax):⁽¹⁾
Expense
Acquisition-related expenses		(50	)		512
Tax impact		16			(55	)
Core net income	$	5,625		$	3,565

Average common shares outstanding		13,287,560			10,232,933
Average diluted shares outstanding		13,653,125			10,578,755
Core earnings per share - basic	$	0.42		$	0.35
Core earnings per share - diluted	$	0.41		$	0.34
Total quarterly average assets		2,075,683			1,614,750
Total quarterly average equity		262,681			179,098
Core return on average assets		1.08	%		0.88	%
Core return on average equity		8.57	%		7.96	%

(1)	Tax rates utilized, exclusive of certain merger-related expenses, were 21% for both 2019 and 2018. These rates approximated the marginal tax rates for the applicable periods.

Tangible Book Value Per Common Share. Tangible book value per common share is a non-GAAP measure generally used by financial analysts and investment bankers to evaluate financial institutions. We calculate (1) tangible common equity as shareholders’ equity less goodwill and core deposit intangible and other intangible assets, net of accumulated amortization, and (2) tangible book value per common share as tangible common equity divided by shares of common stock outstanding. The most directly comparable GAAP financial measure for tangible book value per common share is book value per common share.

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The following table reconciles, as of the dates set forth below, total shareholders’ equity to tangible common equity and presents tangible book value per common share compared to book value per common share:

	As of March 31, 2019 (Unaudited)			As of December 31, 2018
	(Dollars in thousands, except per share data)
Tangible Common Equity
Total shareholders’ equity	$	269,144		$	260,058
Adjustments:
Goodwill		(49,534	)		(49,488	)
Core deposit and other intangibles		(7,655	)		(7,885	)
Total tangible common equity	$	211,955		$	202,685

Common shares outstanding⁽¹⁾		13,361,482			13,213,280
Book value per common share⁽¹⁾	$	20.14		$	19.68
Tangible book value per common share⁽¹⁾		15.86			15.34

(1)	Excludes the dilutive effect, if any, of 754,027 and 867,705 shares of common stock issuable upon exercise of outstanding stock options and warrants as of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively.

Tangible Common Equity to Tangible Assets. Tangible common equity to tangible assets is a non-GAAP measure generally used by financial analysts and investment bankers to evaluate financial institutions. We calculate tangible common equity, as described above, and tangible assets as total assets less goodwill, core deposit intangible and other intangible assets, net of accumulated amortization. The most directly comparable GAAP financial measure for tangible common equity to tangible assets is total common shareholders’ equity to total assets.

The following table reconciles, as of the dates set forth below, total shareholders’ equity to tangible common equity and total assets to tangible assets:

	As of March 31, 2019 (Unaudited)			As of December 31,
	(Dollars in thousands, except per share data)
Tangible Common Equity
Total shareholders’ equity	$	269,144		$	260,058
Adjustments:
Goodwill		(49,534	)		(49,488	)
Core deposit and other intangibles		(7,655	)		(7,885	)
Total tangible common equity	$	211,955		$	202,685

Tangible Assets
Total assets	$	2,101,400		$	2,094,896
Adjustments:
Goodwill		(49,534	)		(49,488	)
Core deposit and other intangibles		(7,655	)		(7,885	)
Total tangible assets	$	2,044,211		$	2,037,523

Common Equity to Total Assets		12.8	%		12.4	%
Tangible Common Equity to Tangible Assets		10.4			9.9

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Item 3.

Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk

Risk identification and management are essential elements for the successful management of our business. In the normal course of business, we are subject to various types of risk, including interest rate, credit, and liquidity risk. We control and monitor these risks with policies, procedures, and various levels of managerial and board oversight. Our objective is to optimize profitability while managing and controlling risk within board approved policy limits. Interest rate risk is the sensitivity of net interest income and the market value of financial instruments to the magnitude, direction, and frequency of changes in interest rates. Interest rate risk results from various repricing frequencies and the maturity structure of assets and liabilities. We use our asset liability management policy to control and manage interest rate risk. See Item 2. “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations – Interest Rate Sensibility and Market Risk” for additional discussion of interest rate risk.

Liquidity risk represents the inability to generate cash or otherwise obtain funds at reasonable rates to satisfy commitments to borrowers, as well as, the obligations to depositors. We use our asset liability management policy and contingency funding plan to control and manage liquidity risk.

Credit risk represents the possibility that a customer may not perform in accordance with contractual terms. Credit risk results from extending credit to customers, purchasing securities, and entering into certain off-balance sheet loan funding commitments. Our primary credit risk is directly related to our loan portfolio. We use our credit policy and disciplined approach to evaluate the adequacy of our allowance for loan losses to control and manage credit risk. Our investment policy limits the degree of the amount of credit risk that we may assume in our investment portfolio. Our principal financial market risks are liquidity risks and exposures to interest rate movements.

Item 4.

Controls and Procedures

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

Under the supervision and with the participation of our principal executive officer and principal financial officer, we have evaluated the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a – 15(e) and 15d – 15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended) as of the end of the period covered by this Report. Based on such evaluation, our principal executive officer and principal financial officer concluded our disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of the end of the period covered by this Report to provide reasonable assurance that the information we are required to disclose in reports that are filed or furnished under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the rules and forms of the SEC, including to ensure that such information is accumulated and communicated to management, including our principal executive officer and principal financial officer, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. The effectiveness of our or any system of disclosure controls and procedures is subject to certain limitations, including the exercise of judgment in designing, implementing and evaluating the controls and procedures, the assumptions used in identifying the likelihood of future events, and the inability to eliminate misconduct completely. As a result, we cannot assure you that our disclosure controls and procedures will detect all errors or fraud.

Changes in Internal Controls over Financial Reporting

There were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting during the period covered by this Report that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

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PART II. OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1.

Legal Proceedings

From time to time, we are a party to claims and legal proceedings arising in the ordinary course of business. Management evaluates our exposure to these claims and proceedings individually and in the aggregate, and provides for potential losses on such litigation if the amount of the loss is estimable and the loss is probable. We are not currently involved in any pending legal proceedings other than routine, nonmaterial proceedings occurring in the ordinary course of business.

Item 1A.

Risk Factors

In addition to the other information set forth in this Report, we refer you to Item 1A. “Risk Factors” of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for December 31, 2018 filed with the SEC.

Item 2.

Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds

Not applicable.

Item 3.

Defaults upon Senior Securities

Not applicable.

Item 4.

Mine Safety Disclosures

Not applicable.

Item 5.

Other Information

Not applicable.

Item 6.

Exhibits


Number	Description

3.1	Amended and Restated Articles of Incorporation of Business First Bancshares, Inc., adopted September 28, 2017 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Current Report on Form 8-K filed by Business First Bancshares, Inc. on October 2, 2017 (File No. 333-200112)).

3.2	Amended and Restated Bylaws of Business First Bancshares, Inc., adopted August 23, 2017 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.2 to the Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the Quarterly Period Ended September 30, 2017 filed by Business First Bancshares, Inc. on November 9, 2017 (File No. 333-200112)).

4.1	Specimen Common Stock Certificate (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to the Registration Statement on Form S-4 filed by Business First Bancshares, Inc. on November 12, 2014 (File No. 333-200112)).

4.2	Form of 6.75% Fixed-to-Floating Subordinated Note due 2033

31.1	Certification of Principal Executive Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002*

31.2	Certification of Principal Financial Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002*

32.1	Certifications of Principal Executive Officer and Principal Financial Officer Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as Adopted Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002*

101.INS	XBRL Instance Document*

101.SCH	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document*

101.CAL	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document*

101.DEF	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document*

101.LAB	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document*

101.PRE	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document*

*	Filed herewith.

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SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant hereby duly caused this Report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.

		BUSINESS FIRST BANCSHARES, INC.

May 10, 2019		/s/ David R. Melville, III
		David R. Melville, III
		President and Chief Executive Officer

May 10, 2019		/s/ Gregory Robertson
		Gregory Robertson
		Chief Financial Officer