Byrna Technologies Inc. - Quarter Report: 2021 May (Form 10-Q)

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

☒ QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended May 31, 2021

☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

 For the transition period from _________ to _________

 Commission File No. 333-132456 

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act: None.

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: None.

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☐ No ☒

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files).   Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

☐ Large accelerated filer      ☐ Accelerated filer      ☒ Non-accelerated filer       ☒ Smaller reporting company       ☐ Emerging growth company

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act): Yes ☐ No ☒

As of June 29, 2021, the Company had 20,693,521 issued and outstanding shares of common stock.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

References in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q to the “Company,” “we,” “us” or “our” refer to Byrna Technologies Inc.

PART 1 – FINANCIAL INFORMATION

BYRNA TECHNOLOGIES INC. 

Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets 

(Amounts in thousands, except share and per share data)

See accompanying notes to the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

BYRNA TECHNOLOGIES INC.

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income (Loss)

(Amounts in thousands except share and per share data)

(Unaudited)

See accompanying notes to the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

BYRNA TECHNOLOGIES INC. 

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows 

(Amounts in thousands) 

(Unaudited)

See accompanying notes to the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

BYRNA TECHNOLOGIES INC. 

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows 

(Amounts in thousands) 

(Unaudited)

SUPPLEMENTAL DISCLOSURES OF NON-CASH OPERATING, INVESTING AND FINANCING ACTIVITIES:

Six months ended May 31, 2021 and 2020

The Company entered into an operating lease during the six months ended May 31, 2021 resulting in $0.1 million of right-of-use asset and corresponding operating lease liability. See Note 21 “Leases” for additional information.

On April 9, 2021, the Board of Directors of the Company declared a cash dividend in the amount of $750 per share of Series A Convertible Preferred Stock, par value $0.001 per share, outstanding at the close of business on April 12, 2021 (the record date), in the aggregate amount of $1.0 million. In connection therewith, the Company and each holder of Series A Convertible Preferred Stock agreed that effective April 15, 2021, the Series A Convertible Stock, plus accrued and unpaid dividends thereon (including without limitation the dividend of $750 per share) be converted into common stock. Accordingly, on April 15, 2021, all of the Series A Convertible Preferred Stock outstanding was converted to 4,636,649 shares of common stock with an additional 695,498 shares of common stock issued in exchange for all accrued and unpaid dividends. See Note 17 “Stockholders’ Equity” for additional information.

Effective April 8, 2020, the Company exchanged an aggregate of approximately $6.95 million of all its outstanding convertible notes payable which were issued in October 2018, April 2019, May 2019, July 2019, and September 2019 (collectively the “Notes”), representing principal and accrued interest through April 7, 2020, for 1,391 shares of Series A Convertible Preferred Stock (“Series A Preferred Stock”). As the transaction was accounted for as a debt extinguishment, the shares of Series A Preferred Stock and Warrants issued were recorded in equity at fair value of $11.59 million (before reduction of $0.03 million related to issuance costs) and $0.2 million, respectively. See Note 17 “Stockholders’ Equity” for additional information.

FinTekk AP, LLC (“FinTekk”) returned 369,999 shares associated with the Treasury Stock Receivable recorded in fiscal year 2019, which were subsequently retired in January 2020.

On January 6, 2020, the Company issued 386,681 shares of common stock with a value of $0.7 million in exchange for Patent Rights.

In January 2020, the Company issued 49,842 warrants to all noteholders as payment in kind to satisfy $0.1 million of accrued interest.

In February 2020, the Company issued 15,000 warrants with a value of approximately $0.01 million for marketing services.

See accompanying notes to the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

BYRNA TECHNOLOGIES INC. 

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders’ Equity

For the Three Months Ended May 31, 2021 and 2020

(Amounts in thousands except share numbers)

(Unaudited)

See accompanying notes to the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

BYRNA TECHNOLOGIES INC. 

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders’ Equity

For the Six Months Ended May 31, 2021 and 2020

(Amounts in thousands except share numbers)

(Unaudited)

See accompanying notes to the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

BYRNA TECHNOLOGIES INC. 

Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

For the three and six months ended May 31, 2021 and May 31, 2020

The Company was incorporated under the laws of the state of Delaware on March 1, 2005. On February 3, 2014, the Company incorporated a wholly-owned subsidiary in Canada, Security Devices International Canada Corp. (“SDI Canada”). SDI Canada was dissolved on December 19, 2019. On March 1, 2018, the Company acquired all the shares of a company in South Africa, Byrna South Africa (Pty) Ltd. (“Byrna South Africa”). On May 5, 2020, the Company acquired all the outstanding shares of Roboro Industries (“Roboro”), at that time, its exclusive manufacturer in South Africa. See Note 6, “Acquisitions: Business Combination.” On May 12, 2021, the Company acquired certain assets of the Mission Less Lethal brand from Kore Outdoor (U.S.), Inc. See Note 6, “Acquisitions: Asset Acquisition.” 

Byrna Technologies Inc. (the “Company” or “Byrna”) is a non-lethal defense technology company, specializing in next generation solutions for security situations that do not require the use of lethal force. The Company’s primary product is its .68 caliber handheld personal security device called the Byrna® HD and Byrna® HD magazines and projectiles. The Company manufactured its Byrna HD launchers and magazines at Roboro until May 2020 when Roboro became a subsidiary and its operations were assumed by Byrna South Africa. On October 6, 2020, the Company opened a second manufacturing facility in Fort Wayne, Indiana. The Company has implemented manufacturing partnerships in the United States and South Africa, to assist in the deployment of its patented family of 40mm ammunition and its .68 caliber ammunition. The Company’s 40mm products are its Blunt Impact Projectile 40mm (“BIP®”) line of products.

From inception to May 31, 2021, the Company had incurred a cumulative loss of $48.5 million. The Company has funded operations through the issuance of common stock, warrants, and convertible notes payable. The Company generated $22.3 million in revenue and income from operations of $1.6 million for the six months ended May 31, 2021. The Company’s future success is dependent upon its ability to continue to generate adequate revenue or raise sufficient capital, to cover its ongoing operating expenses, and also to continue to develop and be able to profitably market its products.

The rapid growth of revenues and development of the production capacity to support them have substantially improved the Company’s operations and financial condition. Sales increased by $21.0 million for the six months ended May 31, 2021, as compared to the previous period ended May 31, 2020, cash increased by $1.2 million and restricted cash has decreased by $5.5 million as of May 31, 2021 as compared to November 30, 2020. The decrease in restricted cash was due to successful efforts to reduce the sales order backlog.

Since the order backlog has been eliminated, cash generation through sales will be limited to the rate of incoming sales orders. Though growth in the rate of new sales orders is expected to continue, cash flow from operations is expected to be flat for the next several months. During this period, some loan financing may be needed to sustain adequate levels of liquidity.

On January 19, 2021, the Company entered into a $5.0 million revolving line of credit, secured by the Company’s accounts receivable and inventory, and a $1.5 million line of credit, secured by the Company’s equipment. See Note 16, “Lines of Credit” for additional information. Management projects that all cash needs will be met beyond one year from the time these financial statements are issued.

The accompanying unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements have been prepared in accordance with the instructions to Form 10-Q and therefore do not include all information and footnotes necessary for a fair presentation of financial position, results of operations and cash flows in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”); however, such information reflects all adjustments consisting solely of normal recurring adjustments, which are, in the opinion of management, necessary for a fair presentation of the results for the interim periods. Certain prior year amounts have been reclassified to conform with the presentation of amounts for the three and six months ended May 31, 2021.

The unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements should be read in conjunction with the Consolidated Financial Statements and notes thereto together with management’s discussion and analysis of financial condition and results of operations contained in Byrna Technologies Inc.’s (“Byrna” or the “Company”) annual report on Form 10-K for the year ended November 30, 2020. In the opinion of management, the accompanying unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements, the results of its operations for the three and six months ended May 31, 2021 and 2020, and its cash flows for the six months ended May 31, 2021 and 2020 are not necessarily indicative of results to be expected for the full year.

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting period. Future events and their effects cannot be determined with certainty. Therefore, the determination of estimates requires the exercise of judgment. Actual results could differ from those estimates, and any such differences may be material to our Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements. Significant estimates include assumptions about collection of accounts receivable and the reserve for doubtful accounts, stock-based compensation expense, fair value of equity instruments, valuation for deferred tax assets, incremental borrowing rate on leases, valuation and carrying value of goodwill and other identifiable intangible assets, estimates for warranty costs, and useful life of fixed assets. 

Recently Adopted Accounting Guidance

In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-13, Fair Value Measurement (Topic 820) (“ASU 2018-13”). The guidance improves the effectiveness of disclosures about fair value measurements required under ASC 820. ASU 2018-13 amends the disclosure requirements for recurring and nonrecurring fair value measurements by removing, modifying, and adding certain disclosures. The Company adopted ASU 2018-13 in the first quarter of fiscal 2021. The adoption of ASC 2018-13 did not have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements and notes.

In June 2018, the FASB issue ASU 2018-07, Compensation – Stock Compensation (Topic 718): Improvements to Nonemployee Share-Based Payment Accounting (“ASU 2018-07”). FASB issued the update to include share-based payment transaction for acquiring goods or services from nonemployees in Topic 718, Compensation – Stock Compensation. The Company adopted ASU 2018-07 in the first quarter of fiscal 2020 prospectively, which has not had a material impact on its financial statements for share-based payments issued to nonemployees during fiscal 2020.

In July 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-11, Earnings Per Share (Topic: 260), Distinguishing Liabilities from Equity (Topic: 480), Derivatives and Hedges (Topic 815). The FASB issued the update to simplify the accounting for certain financial instruments with down round features. The Company adopted ASU 2017-11 in the first quarter of fiscal 2020. Currently, the Company does not have financial instruments with down round features but will apply this update prospectively.

Accounting Guidance Issued But Not Adopted

In 2019, the FASB issued ASU 2019-12, Income Taxes (Topic 740): Simplifying the Accounting for Income Taxes. The guidance simplifies the accounting for income taxes by primarily addressing the following: recognition of a deferred tax liability after transition to/from the equity method, evaluation when a step-up in the tax basis of goodwill should be related to a business combination or when it should be considered a separate transaction, inclusion of the amount of tax based on income in the income tax provision and any incremental amount as a tax not based on income, and recognition of the effect of an enacted change in tax laws or annual effective tax rates in the period the change was enacted, The guidance is effective for the Company in the first quarter of 2022. Early adoption is permitted. Several of the amendments in the update are required to be adopted using a prospective approach, while other amendments are required to be adopted using a modified-retrospective approach or retrospective approach. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of adopting this update on the consolidated financial statements. 

In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-04, Intangibles - Goodwill and Other (Topic 350): Simplifying the Test for Goodwill

Impairment (“ASU 2017-04”). The FASB issued the update to simplify the measurement of goodwill by eliminating step 2 from the goodwill impairment test. An entity should recognize an impairment charge for the amount by which the carrying amount exceeds the reporting unit’s fair value. ASU 2017-04 will be effective for the Company so long as it remains a smaller reporting company in the first quarter of 2024. Early adoption is permitted. The Company will apply this update upon adoption.

In 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-13, Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments (“ASU 2016-13”). The guidance changes the impairment model used to measure credit losses for most financial assets. A new forward-looking expected credit loss model will replace the existing incurred credit loss model and will impact the Company’s accounts and other receivables. This is expected to generally result in earlier recognition of allowances for credit losses. ASU 2016-13 will be effective for the Company in December 2023 as long as it remains a smaller reporting company. Early adoption is permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of adopting this update on the consolidated financial statements.

Asset Acquisition

On May 12, 2021, the Company entered into an asset purchase agreement to purchase certain assets used in the business of designing, developing, manufacturing, licensing, and selling of products and services for the Mission Less Lethal brand from Kore Outdoor (U.S.) Inc., (“Kore”) a wholly owned subsidiary of Kore Outdoor, Inc.

The transaction was accounted for as an asset acquisition, with estimated $3.7 million total cost of which $0.2 million were acquisition-related expenses. The estimated total cost of the acquisition has been allocated as follows (in thousands):

The Company accounted for the transaction as an asset acquisition where the assets acquired were measured based on the amount of cash paid to Kore as well as transaction costs incurred as the fair value of the assets given was more readily determinable than the fair value of the assets received. The Company classified and designated identifiable assets acquired and assessed and determined the useful lives of the acquired intangible assets subject to amortization.

The Company is still in the process of finalizing the working capital adjustments and tax impacts, and therefore, the allocation of the asset acquisition consideration is subject to change.

Business Combination

On May 5, 2020, the Company acquired 100% of the equity interests in Roboro, its exclusive manufacturer in South Africa, in order to reduce its dependence on third parties for production. As a result of this acquisition, operations were assumed by Byrna South Africa.

The acquisition date fair value of the consideration was $0.6 million, including $0.5 million paid in cash. In addition, Roboro’s sellers purchased 138,889 shares of the Company’s common stock for $0.5 million at a contractual price of $3.60 per share. These shares, which were issued on May 27, 2020, are restricted and subject to a 15-month vesting schedule. The fair market value of the common stock of $0.6 million was based on the stock’s closing price of $4.00 on May 5, 2020. The difference between the fair market value plus approximately $0.002 million of transaction costs and the amount paid, was treated as an additional consideration for the acquisition.

The estimated fair value of assets acquired and liabilities assumed on May 5, 2020 is as follows:

On April 27, 2021, the Company effected a 1-for-10 reverse stock split. All owners of record as of April 27, 2021 received one issued and outstanding share of the Company’s common stock in exchange for 10 outstanding shares of the Company’s common stock. No fractional shares were issued in connection with the reverse stock split. All fractional shares created by the one-for-ten exchange were rounded down to the next whole share, with cash paid in lieu of fractional shares. The reverse stock split had no impact on the par value per share of the Company’s common stock, which remains at $0.001. All share and per share information has been retroactively adjusted to reflect the impact of the Reverse Stock Split.

The Company’s restricted cash - current was $0.8 million and $6.4 million at May 31, 2021 and November 30, 2020, respectively. This amount is due to holds placed on its use by the Company’s merchant services vendor pending fulfillment of backorders prepaid by credit cards. The Company’s long-term restricted cash of $0.1 million at May 31, 2021 and November 30, 2020, consists of cash that the Company is contractually obligated to maintain in accordance with the terms of its lease agreement.

The Company generates revenue through the wholesale distribution of its products and accessories to dealers/distributors, large end-users such as security companies and law enforcement agencies, and through an e-commerce portal to consumers. Revenue is recognized upon transfer of control of goods to the customer, which generally occurs when title to goods is passed and risk of loss transfers to the customer. Depending on the contract terms, transfer of control is upon shipment of goods to or upon the customer’s pick-up of the goods. Payment terms to customers other than e-commerce customers are generally 30-60 days for established customers, whereas new wholesale and large end-user customers have prepaid terms for their first order. The amount of revenue recognized is net of returns and discounts that the Company offers to its customers. Products purchased include a standard warranty that cannot be purchased separately. This allows customers to return defective products for repair or replacement within one year of sale. The Company also sells an extended warranty for the same terms over three years. The extended 3-year warranty can be purchased separately from the product and therefore, must be classified as a service warranty. Since a warranty for the first year after sale is included and non-separable from all launcher purchases, the Company considers this extended warranty to represent a service obligation during the second and third years after sale. Therefore, the Company accumulates billings of these transactions on the balance sheet as deferred revenue, to be recognized on a straight-line basis during the second and third year after sale. The Company recognizes an estimated reserve based on its analysis of historical experience, and an evaluation of current market conditions. The Company’s returns under warranties have been immaterial. In February 2021, the Company identified certain Byrna® HD launchers that may contain a wire that is not to specification and offered customers a free factory service update for their launchers. The Company established a reserve of $0.2 million as an estimate of future related costs. As of May 31, 2021, approximately $0.06 million of these estimated costs have been incurred or resolved.

The Company also has a 60-day money back guarantee, which allows for a full refund of the purchase price, excluding shipping charges, within 60 days from the date of delivery. The right of return creates a variable component to the transaction price and needs to be considered for any possible constraints. The Company estimates returns using the expected value method, as there will likely be a range of potential return amounts. The Company’s returns under the 60-day money back guarantee have been immaterial.

Revenue excludes taxes collected from customers and remitted to government authorities related to sales of the Company’s products. Costs to obtain a contract consist of commissions paid to employees and are included in operating expenses in the accompanying Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income (Loss). Commissions were $0 and $0.01 million for the three months ended May 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively. Commissions were $0.3 million and $0.01 million for the six months ended May 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively.

Included as cost of goods sold are costs associated with the production and procurement of products, such as labor and overhead, inbound freight costs, manufacturing depreciation, purchasing and receiving costs, and inspection costs.

The Company charges certain customers shipping and handling fees. Shipping and handling costs, which includes outbound freight associated with the distribution of finished products to customers, are recognized when the product is shipped to the customer and are included in Operating expenses in the accompanying Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income (Loss). Shipping and handling costs were $0.6 million and approximately $0.003 million for the three months ended May 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively. Shipping and handling costs were $1.3 million and approximately $0.01 million for the six months ended May 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively.

Allowance for Doubtful Accounts

The Company provides an allowance for its accounts receivable for estimated losses that may result from its customers’ inability to pay. The Company determines the amount of the allowance by analyzing known uncollectible accounts, aged receivables, economic conditions, historical losses, and changes in customer payment cycles and its customers’ creditworthiness. Amounts later determined and specifically identified to be uncollectible are charged or written off against this allowance. A significant proportion of the Company’s sales are made via e-commerce. These orders are prepaid by credit card and involve no credit risk. To minimize the likelihood of uncollectible debt, the Company reviews its customers’ creditworthiness periodically. Material differences may result in the amount and timing of expense for any period if the Company were to make different judgments or utilize different estimates. The allowance for doubtful accounts was approximately $0.01 million for May 31, 2021 and November 30, 2020.

Deferred Revenue

Changes in deferred revenue, which relate to unfulfilled e-commerce orders and amounts to be recognized under extended 3-year service warranties, for the six months ended May 31, 2021 and the year ended November 30, 2020, are summarized below (in thousands).

Property and equipment are recorded at cost and reflected net of accumulated depreciation and amortization. Depreciation is calculated on a straight-line basis over the estimated useful lives of the assets, primarily three to seven years for computer equipment and software, furniture and fixtures, and machinery and equipment. Leasehold improvements are amortized over the lesser of the useful lives of three to seven years or lease terms. The following table summarizes cost and accumulated depreciation as of May 31, 2021 and November 30, 2020, respectively (in thousands).

The Company recognized approximately $0.2 million and $0.01 million in depreciation expense during the six months ended May 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively. The Company recognized approximately $0.1 million and $0.01 million in depreciation expense during the three months ended May 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively.

At May 31, 2021 and November 30, 2020, the Company had deposits of $0.7 million and $0.6 million, respectively, with vendors primarily for supply of machinery (molds) and equipment where the vendors have not completed the supply of these assets and is presented as Deposits for equipment in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets.

During the six months ended May 31, 2021, the Company transferred equipment with a net book value of $0.1 million to a lessee under a sales-type lease. See Note 21, “Leases” for additional information.

The following table summarizes prepaid expenses and other current assets as of May 31, 2021 and November 30, 2020, (in thousands):

On May 12, 2021, the Company entered into an asset purchase agreement with Kore, pursuant to which the Company acquired the exclusive right to use the key patents and intellectual property underpinning the acquired suite of products. As consideration for the tangible and intangible assets included in the Kore Portfolio, the Company paid Kore $3.5 million, and incurred $0.2 in legal costs to transfer these patent rights. Of the $3.7 million consideration, $2.8 million was capitalized relating to the key patents and intellectual property acquired.

No amortization has been recorded for the patent rights during the three or six months ended May 31, 2021 but will begin in June 2021.These patent rights have a maximum life of 20 years, expiring on various dates beginning from January 2037 to 2038, and will be amortized on a straight-line basis over a period of 15 years.

On April 13, 2018, the Company entered into a purchase and sale agreement with Andre Buys (“Buys”), the Company’s Chief Technology Officer (“CTO”), pursuant to which the Company agreed to purchase the Buys Portfolio, provisional patent rights, and other intellectual property relating to air and/or gas fired long guns or pistols, including pump action launchers and munitions used with such pistols and long guns, including self-stabilizing shaped or “finned” rounds. As consideration for the Buys Portfolio, the Company paid Buys $0.1 million, and incurred $0.01 in legal costs to transfer these patent rights. This consideration of $0.1 million was capitalized and represents the minimum rights to a license arrangement as patent rights as the Agreement included an option for full acquisition of the rights, conditional upon certain future events taking place. The Company also agreed to pay Buys either $0.5 million in cash or $0.8 million worth of Company stock within two years at Buys’ discretion, if the Company elected to retain certain patents within the Buys Portfolio, which terms were changed by subsequent amendment. Pursuant to an amendment of the Agreement effective December 18, 2019, the Company made two additional payments to Buys totaling of $0.8 million, consisting of the Second Payment of $0.7 million through the issuance of 386,681 shares of common stock and Final Payment of $0.1 million in cash. The Final Payment was paid during the quarter ended May 31, 2020. Buys no longer retains any reversion rights or security interests in the Buys Portfolio. These patent rights have a maximum life of 20 years, expiring on various dates beginning from November 2033 to 2038, and are amortized on a straight-line basis over a period of 15 years.

The Company amortized $0.03 million and $ 0.03 million of patent rights during six months ended May 31, 2021 and 2020. The Company recognized $0.01 million and $0.02 million in amortization expense during the three months ended May 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively. The Company did not recognize any impairment losses during the three and six months ended May 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively.

The Company’s accounts payable and accrued liabilities consist of the following (in thousands):

The Company received $0.2 million of funding under the Paycheck Protection Program (“PPP”) on May 4, 2020. The PPP loan was disbursed by the Coronavirus Aid Relief and Economic Security (“CARES”) Act as administered by the U.S. Small Business Administration. The loan was made pursuant to a PPP Promissory Note and Agreement. Loans obtained through the PPP are eligible to be forgiven as long as the proceeds are used for qualifying purposes and certain other conditions are met. The receipt of these funds, and the forgiveness of the loan was dependent on the Company having initially qualified for the loan and qualifying for the forgiveness of such loan based on its adherence to the forgiveness criteria. In June 2020, Congress passed the Payroll Protection Program Flexibility Act that made several significant changes to PPP loan provisions, including providing greater flexibility for loan forgiveness. On February 10, 2021, the Company received approval from the Small Business Administration (“SBA”) for $0.2 million of PPP loan forgiveness. This amount was recorded as Forgiveness of Paycheck Protection Program loan in the accompanying Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive (Income) Loss during the six months ended May 31, 2021.

On January 19, 2021, the Company entered into a $5.0 million revolving line of credit with a bank. The revolving line of credit bears interest at a rate equal to the Wall Street Journal Prime Rate plus 0.50%, subject to a floor of 4.00%. The revolving line of credit is secured by the Company’s accounts receivable and inventory. The line of credit is subject to an unused fee of 0.25% paid once annually. The line of credit expires on January 19, 2024. The outstanding balance on the revolving line of credit is $1.5 million as of May 31, 2021.

On January 19, 2021, the Company entered into a $1.5 million equipment financing line of credit with a bank. The line of credit bears interest at a rate equal to the Wall Street Journal Prime Rate plus 0.50%, subject to a floor of 4.00%. The line of credit is secured by the Company’s equipment. The line of credit is subject to an unused fee of 0.25% paid once annually. The line of credit expires on January 19, 2024. As of May 31, 2021, the Company had not drawn on the equipment financing line of credit.

Debt issuance costs related to the lines of credit were approximately $0.1 million. Debt issuance costs are being amortized over the term of the debt and are presented as part of Other Assets in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. Amortization of approximately $0.01 million for the three months ended May 31, 2021 is included in Interest expense in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive (Income) Loss. Amortization of approximately $0.01 million for the six months ended May 31, 2021 is included in Other financing costs in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive (Income) Loss.

Series A Preferred Stock

Effective April 8, 2020, the Company exchanged an aggregate of approximately $7.0 million of all its then-outstanding notes, representing principal and accrued interest through April 7, 2020, for 1,391 shares Series A Preferred Stock. The shares of Series A Preferred Stock were recorded at fair value of $11.6 million (before reduction of $0.029 million related to issue costs) based on a per share fair value of $0.008 million. The per share fair value was determined using the number of common stock shares in a conversion (3,333 = $0.005 million original issue price divided by $1.50 conversion price) multiplied by the $2.50 market price of a share of common stock.

Each share of Series A Preferred Stock had a $0.005 million issue price. Dividends accrued on the issue price at a rate of 10.0% per annum and were payable to holders of Series A Preferred Stock as if declared by the Board. As the Company did not pay the dividends in cash, the unpaid accrued dividends was settled upon conversion to shares of common stock, the Company recorded dividends distributable at the contractual dividend rate. The dividends were cumulative and accrued starting from the April 8, 2020 issuance date.

Each share of Series A Preferred Stock was convertible into the number of shares of common stock equal to the issue price divided by the conversion price of $1.50. Upon conversion of the Series A Preferred Stock, all accrued and unpaid dividends were converted to common stock utilizing the same conversion formula. The conversion price was subject to proportional adjustment for certain transactions relating to the Company’s common stock, including stock splits, stock dividends and similar transactions. Holders of Series A Preferred Stock were entitled to a liquidation preference in the event of any liquidation, dissolution or winding up of the Company.

On April 9, 2021, the Board of Directors declared a cash dividend in the amount of $750 per share of Series A Convertible Preferred Stock, par value $0.001 per share, outstanding at the close of business on April 12, 2021 (the record date), in the aggregate amount of $1.0 million. In connection therewith, the Company and each holder of Series A Convertible Preferred Stock agreed that effective April 15, 2021, the Series A Convertible Preferred Stock, plus accrued unpaid dividends thereon be converted to 4,636,649 shares of common stock, with an additional 695,498 shares of common stock issued in exchange for all accrued and unpaid dividends.

Warrants 

During the six months ended May 31, 2021, the Company raised $1.2 million through warrant exercises, where 486,684 warrants were exercised at a contractual price of $2.50 per warrant for 486,684 shares of common stock. During the three months ended May 31, 2021, the Company raised $1.0 million through warrant exercises, where 433,265 warrants were exercised at a contractual price of $2.50 per warrant for 433,265 shares of common stock.

During March 2020, the Company raised approximately $3.2 million through early warrant exercises, where 1,997,911 warrants were exercised for 1,997,911 shares of common stock. The warrant exercise price was reduced from $2.50 to $1.60 per warrant to induce warrant holders to exercise. The Company recorded warrant inducement expense of $0.8 million, which represents the difference between fair value at the reduced price of $1.60 per warrant and fair value at the contractual price of $2.50. The fair values of the warrants at $1.60 and $2.50 were determined using a Monte Carlo simulation model.

During the six months ended May 31, 2020, a warrant holder exercised 11,792 warrants for 11,792 shares of common stock at an exercise price of $1.80 per warrant for proceeds of $0.02 million. During the six months ended May 31, 2020, the Company issued 49,842 warrants to those note holders who returned interest checks and accepted payment in kind of units consisting of then convertible notes with a face value of $0.1 million together with 400 warrants for every $1,000 of accrued interest to satisfy $0.1 million of accrued interest that was payable through October 31, 2019. The warrants are each exercisable for one share of common stock at an exercise price of $2.50 per share on or before October 22, 2023. The Company also issued 15,000 warrants as payment to a consultant for marketing services. The warrants are each exercisable for one share of common stock at an exercise price of $2.50 per share on or before February 5, 2021.

The following table summarizes warrant activity, which includes the incentive warrants, during the six months ended May 31, 2021:

2017 Plan

The Company has granted stock options and other stock-based awards under its 2017 Stock Option Plan (the “2017 Plan”). The maximum number of shares of common stock which could have been reserved for issuance under the 2017 plan was 1,899,327. The 2017 Plan was administered by the Compensation Committee of the Board. The Compensation Committee determined the persons to whom options to purchase shares of common stock, and other stock-based awards may be granted. Persons eligible to receive awards under the 2017 Plan were employees, officers, directors, and consultants of the Company. Awards were at the discretion of the Compensation Committee. On February 24, 2021 the Company terminated the 2017 Plan and adopted the 2020 Equity Incentive Plan (defined below). In connection with the adoption of the 2020 Plan, the Company cancelled outstanding option awards granted under the 2017 Plan and replaced them with new award agreements evidencing an equivalent award under the 2020 Equity Incentive Plan with no change to any of the material provisions of the 2017 Plan option.

2020 Plan

On October 23, 2020, the Company adopted the Byrna Technologies Inc. 2020 Equity Incentive Plan (the “2020 Equity Incentive Plan”). The aggregate number of shares of common stock available for issuance in connection with options and other awards granted under the 2020 Plan is 25,000,000. The 2020 Plan is administered by the Compensation Committee of the Board. The Compensation Committee determines the persons to whom options to purchase shares of common stock, stock appreciation rights (“SARs”), restricted stock units (“RSUs”), and restricted or unrestricted shares of common stock may be granted. Persons eligible to receive awards under the 2020 Equity Incentive Plan are employees, officers, directors, consultants, advisors and other individual service providers of the Company. Awards are at the discretion of the Compensation Committee.

On February 24, 2021, following the termination of the 2017 Plan, the Company replaced outstanding options under the 2017 Plan with options under the 2020 Equity Incentive Plan. There were no substantive changes to the rights of any holder of options granted under the 2017 plan by replacing their award certificates with award agreements under the 2020 plan. The grant dates, exercise prices, expiry dates, and vesting provisions if any of the new award agreements under the 2020 plan that replace the certificates issued under the 2017 plan are identical for each grant and no change in valuation or accounting was required. The Board also amended the definition of Disability in the 2020 Plan to provide that “Disability” has the meaning assigned to such term in any individual employment agreement or award agreement with a plan participant and that if no such definition is provided in an award or employment agreement “Disability” is defined as in the 2020 Plan.

The Company accounts for all stock-based payment awards granted to employees and non-employees as stock-based compensation expense at their grant date fair value. The Company’s stock-based payments include stock options, RSUs, and incentive warrants. The measurement date for employee awards is the date of grant, and stock-based compensation costs are recognized as expense over the employees’ requisite service period, on a straight-line basis. The measurement date for non-employee awards is generally the date the services were completed, resulting in financial reporting period adjustments to stock-based compensation during either the expected term or the contractual term. Stock-based compensation costs for non-employees are recognized as expense over the vesting period on a straight-line basis. Forfeitures are accounted for as they occur.

The fair value of each grant is estimated on the date of grant by using either the Black-Scholes, Binomial Lattice, or the quoted stock price on the date of grant, unless the awards are subject to market conditions in which case the Company uses the Monte Carlo simulation model. Due to the Company’s limited history, the expected term of the Company’s stock options granted to employees has been determined utilizing the method as prescribed by the SEC’s Staff Accounting Bulletin, Topic 14. The risk-free interest rate is determined by reference to the U.S. Treasury yield curve in effect at the time of grant of the award for time periods approximately equal to the expected term of the award. Expected dividend yield is based on the fact that the Company has never paid cash dividends on common stock and does not expect to pay any cash dividends in the foreseeable future.

Restricted Stock Units

During the six months ended May 31, 2021 and 2020, the Company granted 174,493 and 0 RSUs, respectively. During the three months ended May 31, 2021 and 2020, the Company granted 174,493 and 0 RSUs, respectively. 159,000 of the RSUs issued have a “double trigger” for vesting based on stock price and time, as follows: (1) one-third of the RSUs are not subject to any market trigger, the second one-third of the RSUs will be triggered when the Company’s stock trades above $30.00 on a 20-day VWAP, and the final one-third of the RSUs will be triggered when the stock trades above $40.00 on a 20-day VWAP and (2) the employee must remain employed by the Company for three years from the effective date for the RSUs to vest. 15,493 RSUs have a time trigger only and vest in approximately one year. RSU's outstanding at December 1, 2020 totaling 300,000 met a market condition for the first market condition trigger of vesting and are now subject only to a time-trigger for final vesting.

Stock-based compensation expense for the RSUs for the three months ended May 31, 2021 and 2020 was $0.7 million and $0, respectively. Stock-based compensation expense for the RSUs for the six months ended May 31, 2021 and 2020 was $1.4 million and $0, respectively. The Company recorded stock-based compensation expense for restricted stock units granted to non-employees of approximately $0.07 million and $0 million during the three and six months ended May 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively.

Stock Options

During the six months ended May 31, 2021 and 2020, the Company granted options to employees and directors to purchase 29,000 and 391,750 shares of common stock, respectively. The options issued during the six months ended May 31, 2021 vest over three years. The Company recorded stock-based compensation expense for options granted to its employees and directors of $0.17 million and $0.6 million during the six months ended May 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively. The Company recorded stock-based compensation expense for options granted to its employees and directors of $0.09 million and $0.01 million during the three months ended May 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively.

During the six months ended May 31, 2021, 82,250 stock options were forfeited resulting in net benefit of stock-based compensation of approximately $0.093 million. During the three months ended May 31, 2021, 66,000 stock options were forfeited resulting in net benefit of stock-based compensation of approximately $0.06 million.

During the six months ended May 31, 2021 and 2020, the Company granted options to purchase 0 and 11,000, shares of common stock to non-employee contractors, respectively. The Company recorded stock-based compensation expense for options granted to non-employees of approximately $0.02 million during the three and six months ended May 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively.

Stock Option Valuation

The assumptions that the Company used to determine the grant-date fair value of stock options granted to employees and non-employees for the six months ended May 31, 2021 were as follows:

Black-Scholes option pricing model

Incentive Warrants

During the six months ended May 31, 2021 and 2020, the Company issued 0 and 15,000 of warrants in exchange for services to a marketing consultant to purchase common shares, respectively. The warrants were issued outside of the 2017 Plan and were not included under the 2020 Plan. Stock-based compensation expense for the six months ended May 31, 2021 and 2020 was $0 and $0.02 million, respectively. Stock-based compensation expense for the three months ended May 31, 2021 and 2020 was $0.

Stock-Based Compensation Expense

Total stock-based compensation expense was $1.5 million and $0.6 million for the six months ended May 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively. Total stock-based compensation expense was $0.8 million and $0.01 million for the three months ended May 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively. Total stock-based compensation expense was recorded in Operating expenses in the accompanying Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive (Income) Loss.

For the three and six months ended May 31, 2021, the Company recorded net income. As such, the Company used diluted weighted-average common shares outstanding when calculating diluted income per share for the three and six months ended May 31, 2021. Warrants, stock options, and RSUs that could potentially dilute basic earnings per share (“EPS”) in the future are included in the computation of diluted income per share.

For the three and six months ended May 31, 2020, the Company recorded a net loss. As such, because the dilution from potential common shares was antidilutive, the Company used basic weighted-average common shares outstanding, rather than diluted weighted-average common shares outstanding when calculating diluted loss per share for the three and six months ended May 31, 2020. Preferred Stock, warrants, stock options, and RSUs that could potentially dilute basic EPS in the future that were not included in the computation of diluted loss per share were as follows:

The following table sets forth the allocation of net income (loss) for the three and six months ended May 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively:

The following table reconciles the weighted-average common shares outstanding used in the calculation of basic EPS to the weighted-average common shares outstanding used in the calculation of diluted EPS for the three and six months ended May 31, 2021 and 2020:

1,155,000 RSUs outstanding during the three and six months ended March 31, 2021, were not included in the computation of diluted earnings per share because they are contingently issuable shares.

The following were excluded from the calculation of diluted net income per share for the three and six months ended May 31, 2021 because their effects are anti-dilutive:

The following transactions are in the normal course of operations and are measured at the amount of consideration established and agreed to by related parties. Amounts due to related parties are unsecured, non-interest bearing with the exception of notes payable, and due on demand.

The Company expensed $0.2 million and approximately $0.001 million for royalties due to Buys, the Company’s CTO, during the six months ended May 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively and had accrued royalties of $0.1 million and $0.3 million as of May 31, 2021 and November 30, 2020, respectively. The Company also recorded stock-based compensation expense of approximately $0.006 million and $0.008 million during the six months ended May 31, 2021 and 2020, related to stock options granted to Buys in 2018 to acquire 150,000 shares of common stock. Stock-based compensation expense was $0.002 million and $0.004 million during the three months ended May 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively.

The Company issued 386,681 shares of common stock with a value of $0.7 million in connection with the Second Payment to Buys for the portfolio of registered patent rights (the “Buys Portfolio”) during the six months ended May 31, 2021. See Note 13, “Patent Rights,” for additional information.

The Company leased office premises at Wakefield, Massachusetts for rent, utilities and maintenance charge of approximately $0.002 million per month from a corporation owned and controlled by Bryan Ganz (“Ganz”), President and, effective April 1, 2019, Chief Executive Officer (“CEO”) of the Company. This lease was terminated June 30, 2020. The Company expensed $0.02 for these items during the six months ended May 31, 2020. The Company expensed $0.01 million for these items during the three months ended May 31, 2020.

Operating Leases

The Company has operating leases for real estate in the United States and South Africa and does not have any finance leases.

In 2019, the Company had entered into a real estate lease for office space in Wilmington/Andover, Massachusetts. The Company was involved in the construction and design of the space and incurred construction costs, subject to an allowance for tenant improvements of $0.2 million. The lease expiration date is August 31, 2026. The base rent is $0.1 million per year, subject to an annual upward adjustment. The lease commencement date, for accounting purposes, was reached in June 2020 when the Company was granted access to the premises and therefore the lease is included in the Company’s operating lease right-of-use asset and operating lease liabilities as of June 2020.

The Company leased office and warehouse space in South Africa under a lease that expired on November 30, 2020. The base rent was approximately $0.004 million per month. In December 2020, the Company entered into a new lease for office and warehouse space. The lease expires in November 2024. The base rent during the six months ended May 31, 2021 was approximately $0.005 per month.

The Company leased real estate in Fort Wayne Indiana. The lease expires on February 28, 2022. In February 2021, the Company entered into a lease termination agreement with the landlord. Upon termination, the Company was required to pay a termination fee of approximately $0.02 million. The Company leases warehouse and manufacturing space in Fort Wayne, Indiana. The lease expires on July 31, 2025. The base rent is approximately $0.008 million per month. The Company also leases office space in Las Vegas, Nevada. The lease expires on August 31, 2022. The base rent is approximately $0.004 million per month.

Certain of the Company’s leases contain options to renew and extend lease terms and options to terminate leases early. Reflected in the right-of-use asset and lease liability on the Company’s balance sheets are the periods provided by renewal and extension options that the Company is reasonably certain to exercise, as well as the periods provided by termination options that the Company is reasonably certain to not exercise.

As of May 31, 2021 and November 30, 2020, right-of-use assets of $1.2 million and $1.2 million, current lease liabilities of $0.2 million and $0.3 million and non-current lease liabilities of $0.9 million and $0.8 million, respectively, are reflected in the accompanying Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. The elements of lease expense were as follows (in thousands):

Sales-Type Leases

During the six months ended May 31, 2021, the Company entered into an equipment lease as lessor. The lease is being accounted for as a sale-type lease. The term of the lease is three years. For a sales-type lease, the carrying amount of the asset is derecognized from property and equipment and a net investment in the lease is recorded. The net investment in the lease is measured at commencement date as the sum of the lease receivable and the estimated residual value of the equipment. The unguaranteed residual value of the equipment is determined as the estimated carrying value of the asset at the end of the lease term had the asset been depreciated on a straight-line basis. Selling profit or loss arising from a sales-type lease is recorded at lease commencement and presented on a gross basis. Over the term of the lease, the Company recognizes interest income on the net investment in the lease. At lease commencement, the Company determined the unguaranteed residual value of the equipment was $0 and the selling profit or loss was immaterial.

The receivable recorded as a result of the lease is collateralized by the underlying equipment and consist of the following components at May 31, 2021 (in thousands):

The maturity schedule of future minimum lease payments under sales-type leases and the reconciliation to the net investment in sales-type leases reported at May 31, 2021 was as follows (in thousands):

For the three months ended May 31, 2021 and 2020, the Company recorded an income tax expense of $0.2 million and $0, respectively. For the six months ended May 31, 2021 and 2020, the Company recorded an income tax expense of $0.2 million and $0, respectively. For the three months ended May 31, 2021 and 2020, the effective tax rate was 8.2% and 0%, respectively. For the six months ended May 31, 2021 and 2020, the effective tax rate was 9.4% and 0%, respectively. The Company’s tax rate differs from the statutory rate of 21.0% due to the effects of state taxes net of federal benefit, the foreign tax rate differential as a result of Byrna South Africa, effects of permanent non-deductible expenses, the recording of a valuation allowance against the deferred tax assets generated in the prior period, utilization of Net Operating Loss (“NOL”) and other effects.

The Company is subject to income tax in the U.S., as well as various state and international jurisdictions. The federal and state tax authorities can generally reduce a net operating loss (but not create taxable income) for a period outside the statute of limitations in order to determine the correct amount of net operating loss which may be allowed as a deduction against income for a period within the statute of limitations. Additional information regarding the statutes of limitations can be found in Note 23, “Income Taxes,” in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included in Item 8 of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended November 30, 2020.

On March 27, 2020, Congress signed into law the $2 trillion bipartisan Coronavirus Aid, Relief and Economic Security (CARES) Act. The CARES Act includes a variety of economic and tax relief measures intended to stimulate the economy, including loans for small businesses, payroll tax credits/deferrals, and corporate income tax relief. Due to the Company’s history of net operating losses and full valuation allowance, the CARES Act did not have a significant effect to the income tax provision, as the corporate income tax relief was directed towards cash taxpayers.

Royalty Payment

Pursuant to the amended agreement related to the Final Payment to Buys for the Buys Portfolio, the Company is committed to a minimum royalty payment of $0.025 million per year. Royalties on CO2 pistols are to be paid for so long as patents remain effective beginning at 2 ½% of the agreed upon a net price of $167.60 (“Stipulated Net Price”) for the first year and reduced by 0.1% each year thereafter until it reaches 1%. For each substantially new product in this category, the rate will begin again at 2 ½%. Royalties on the fintail projectiles (and any improved versions thereof) will be paid so long as patents remain effective at a rate of 4% of the agreed upon Stipulated Net Price for fintail projectile products.

COVID-19 Pandemic and the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security (“CARES”) Act

On January 30, 2020, the World Health Organization (“WHO”) announced a global health emergency because of a new strain of coronavirus originating in Wuhan, China (the “COVID-19 outbreak”) and the risks to the international community as the virus spreads globally beyond its point of origin. In March 2020, the WHO classified the COVID-19 outbreak as a pandemic, based on the rapid increase in exposure globally.

The full impact of the COVID-19 outbreak continues to evolve as of the date of this report. As such, it is uncertain as to the full magnitude that the pandemic may have on the Company’s financial condition, liquidity, and future results of operations. Management is actively monitoring the impact of the global situation on its financial condition, liquidity, operations, suppliers, industry, and workforce. Given the daily evolution of the COVID-19 outbreak and the global responses to curb its spread, the Company is not able to estimate the effects of the COVID-19 outbreak on its results of operations, financial condition, or liquidity for fiscal year 2021.

The Company faces various risks related to COVID-19 outbreak. The Company is dependent on its workforce to deliver its products. If significant portions of the Company’s workforce are unable to work effectively, or if customers’ operations are curtailed due to illness, quarantines, government actions, facility closures, or other restrictions in connection with the COVID-19 pandemic, the Company’s operations will likely be impacted. The Company may be unable to perform fully on its contracts and costs may increase as a result of the COVID-19 outbreak. These cost increases may not be fully recoverable or adequately covered by insurance. Since the COVID-19 outbreak began, no facilities have been fully shut down. Certain of the Company’s vendors may be unable to deliver materials on time due to the COVID-19 outbreak. Such delays may negatively impact the Company’s production, and the Company plans to continue to monitor these and its other vendors and, if necessary, seek alternative suppliers.

On March 27, 2020, then President Trump signed into law the CARES Act. The CARES Act, among other things, includes provisions relating to refundable payroll tax credits, deferment of employer side social security payments, net operating loss carryback periods, alternative minimum tax credit refunds, modifications to the net interest deduction limitations, increased limitations on qualified charitable contributions, and technical corrections to tax depreciation methods for qualified improvement property. The CARES Act also appropriated funds for the Small Business Administration (SBA) Paycheck Protection Program loans that are forgivable in certain situations to promote continued employment, as well as Economic Injury Disaster Loans to provide liquidity to small businesses harmed by COVID-19.

Product Liability

In February 2021, the Company identified certain Byrna® HD launchers that may contain a wire that is not to specification and, as a result, the Company accrued a $0.2 million reserve for the possible costs related to updating affected launchers. As of May 31, 2021, approximately $0.06 million of these estimated costs have been incurred or resolved.

Legal Proceedings

In the ordinary course of our business, the Company may be subject to certain other legal actions and claims, including product liability, consumer, commercial, tax and governmental matters, which may arise from time to time. The Company does not believe it is currently a party to any pending legal proceedings. Notwithstanding, legal proceedings are subject-to inherent uncertainties, and an unfavorable outcome could include monetary damages, and excessive verdicts can result from litigation, and as such, could result in a material adverse impact on the Company’s business, financial position, results of operations, and/or cash flows. Additionally, although the Company has specific insurance for certain potential risks, the Company may in the future incur judgments or enter into settlements of claims which may have a material adverse impact on the Company’s business, financial position, results of operations, and/or cash flows.

The Company entered into a Development, Supply and Manufacturing Agreement with the manufacturer of the 40mm blunt impact projectile (“BIP”) on August 1, 2017. This agreement requires the Company to order and purchase only from the BIP manufacturer certain BIP assemblies and components for use by the Company to produce less-lethal and training projectiles as described in the agreement. The agreement is for a term of four years with an automatic extension for additional one-year terms if neither party has given written notice of termination at least 60 days prior to the end of the then-current term. The agreement does not contain any minimum purchase commitments. Purchases from the BIP manufacturer were $0 and $0.07 million for the six months ended May 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively. Purchases from the BIP manufacturer were $0 and $0.06 million for the three months ended May 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively. Notice has been provided and this Development, Supply and Manufacturing Agreement will not be extended after August 1, 2021.

The CEO, who is also the Chief Operating Decision Maker, evaluates the business as a single entity, which includes reviewing financial information and making business decisions based on the overall results of the business. As such, the Company’s operations constitute a single operating segment and one reportable segment.

The tables below summarize the Company’s revenue for the three and six months ended May 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively, by geographic region (in thousands).

The Company is exposed to risks that arise from its use of financial instruments. This note describes the Company’s objectives, policies and processes for managing those risks and the methods used to measure them.

The Company held its cash balances within banks in Canada in both U.S. dollars and Canadian dollars, with banks in the U.S. in U.S. dollars, and with banks in South Africa in U.S. dollars and South African rand. The Company’s operations are conducted in the U.S. and South Africa. The value of the South African rand against the U.S. dollar may fluctuate with the changes in economic conditions.

During the six months ended May 31, 2021, in comparison to the prior year period, the U.S. dollar strengthened in relation to the South African rand, and upon the translation of the Company’s subsidiaries’ revenues, expenses, assets and liabilities held in South African rand, respectively. As a result, the Company recorded a translation adjustment gain of $0.2 million and $0.1 million primarily related to the South African rand during the six months ended May 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively. The Company recorded a translation adjustment gain/(loss) of $0.1 and $0.1 million primarily related to the South African rand during the three months ended May 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively.

The Company’s South African subsidiary revenues, cost of goods sold, operating costs and capital expenditures are denominated in South African rand. Consequently, fluctuations in the U.S. dollar exchange rate against the South African rand increases the volatility of sales, cost of goods sold and operating costs and overall net earnings when translated into U.S. dollars. The Company is not using any forward or option contracts to fix the foreign exchange rates. Using a 10% fluctuation in the U.S. exchange rate, the impact on the loss and stockholders’ equity is not material.

Credit risk is the risk that one party to a financial instrument will cause a financial loss for the other party by failing to discharge an obligation. The financial instruments that potentially subject the Company to credit risk consist of cash and accounts receivable. The Company maintains cash with high credit quality financial institutions located in the U.S. and South Africa. The Company maintains cash and cash equivalent balances with financial institutions in the U.S. in excess of amounts insured by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation.

The Company provides credit to its customers in the normal course of its operations. It carries out, on a continuing basis, credit checks on its customers.

References in this quarterly report on Form 10-Q (the “Quarterly Report”) to “we,” “us” or the “Company” refer to Byrna Technologies Inc. References to our “management” or our “management team” refer to our officers and directors. The following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations should be read in conjunction with the financial statements and the notes thereto contained elsewhere in this Quarterly Report. Certain information contained in the discussion and analysis set forth below includes forward-looking statements that involve risks and uncertainties.

Special Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements

This Quarterly Report includes “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”) and Section 21E of the Exchange Act that are not historical facts and involve risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially from those expected and projected. All statements, other than statements of historical fact included in this Quarterly Report including, without limitation, statements in this “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” regarding our financial position, business strategy and the plans and objectives of management for future operations, are forward-looking statements. Words such as “expect,” “believe,” “anticipate,” “intend,” “estimate,” “seek” and variations and similar words and expressions are intended to identify such forward-looking statements. Such forward-looking statements relate to future events or future performance, but reflect management’s current beliefs, based on information currently available. A number of factors could cause actual events, performance or results to differ materially from the events, performance and results discussed in the forward-looking statements. For information identifying important risk factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from those anticipated in the forward-looking statements, please refer to the Risk Factors section of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the period ended November 30, 2020 filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) on February 26, 2021 (the “2020 10-K”), the Company’s subsequent filings with the SEC, which can be accessed on the EDGAR section of the SEC’s website at www.sec.gov, and Section 1A of this Quarterly Report. Except as expressly required by applicable securities law, we disclaim any intention or obligation to update or revise any forward-looking statements whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise, including but not limited to the potential global impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, our ability to design, introduce and sell new products, services and features, the impact of any regulatory proceedings or litigation, our ability to protect our intellectual property and compete with existing and new products, the impact of stock compensation expense, dividends, warrant exercises and related accounting, impairment expense and income tax expense on our financial results, our ability to manage our supply chain and avoid production delays, shortages or other factors, including product mix, cost of parts and materials and cost of labor that may impact our gross margins, our ability to retain and incentivize key management personnel, product defects, the success of our entry to new markets, customer purchase behavior and negative media publicity or public perception of our brand or products, loss of customer data, breach of security or an extended outage related to our e-commerce store, including a breach or outage by our third party cloud based storage providers, exposure to international operational risks, delayed cash collections or bad debt, determinations or audits by taxing authorities, changes in government regulations, the impact of existing or future regulation by the BATF, import and export regulators, or other federal or state authority, or changes in international law in key jurisdictions including South Africa or our inability to obtain needed exemptions from such existing or future regulation.

OVERVIEW

The following discussion and analysis is intended to help you understand us, our operations and our financial performance. It should be read in conjunction with our consolidated financial statements and the accompanying notes, which are included in Item 1 of this report.

We develop, manufacture and sell non-lethal ammunition and security devices. These products are used by the military, correctional services, police agencies, private security and consumers. We have two main product lines. Our first main product line and primary focus is our Byrna® line of personal security devices and related products. The Byrna® product line includes our Byrna® HD, our first handheld personal security device, which has the size and form factor of a compact handgun and is designed to be used by civilians and private security professionals, as well as accessories and third-party products that are compatible with the Byrna® HD, including the projectiles used in the Byrna® HD. Our second, legacy, line of business is the sale of non-lethal munitions designed for 40mm rifled launchers utilized by law enforcement, correctional services and military markets. These less-lethal munitions include impact rounds designed to stop an individual without causing permanent injury or death and “payload” rounds carrying a variety of payload packages including chemical irritants and various marking products designed to control or identify instigators in riot situations. Our flagship product in this market is the 40mm blunt impact projectile (“BIP”), which uses patented collapsible gel head technology. In addition to our two main product lines, we are selling out remaining inventory of two 12-gauge less-lethal impact rounds that we no longer manufacture.

Our business strategy is twofold: (1) to fulfill the growing demand for less-lethal products in the law enforcement, correctional services, and private security markets and (2) to provide civilians – including those whose work or daily activities may put them at risk of being a victim – with easy access to an effective, non-lethal way to protect themselves and their loved ones from threats to their person or property.

We believe that the United States, along with many other parts of the world, is experiencing a significant spike in the demand for less-lethal products and that the less-lethal market will be one of the faster growing segments of the security market over the next decade, particularly given the fear caused by the recent COVID-19 pandemic. The less lethal market has been projected to approach $12 billion per year by 2023 (Statistics MRC. Non-Lethal Weapons – Global Market Outlook (2017-2023)). We plan to respond to this demand for less-lethal products through the serial production and distribution of the Byrna® HD and expansion of the Byrna product line.

RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

Results for the second quarter of 2021 demonstrate a continuing trend of rapid sales growth due to increasing demand for our Byrna HD personal security device and to growth of the production capacity and administrative and control structures necessary to supply that demand. Revenues of $13.4 million are significantly higher than in any past quarter. Most of the growth in revenue continues to be in high margin direct sales through our website. E-commerce orders account for 85% of total net revenue this quarter. The increasing excess of revenue over fixed production costs drove improvement in our gross margin, which was 56% of net revenue this quarter.

Though the COVID 19 pandemic continues to negatively affect efficiency in our South African production facility and in some of our global supply lines, the situation improved this quarter in our U.S. manufacturing and corporate office facilities where there was no disruption of production or distribution and employees were not required to work remotely.

Higher sales volumes drove up certain variable operating expenses such as the cost of shipping product to customers and credit card sales transactions fees. Meanwhile the structural growth required to manage a larger company with higher sales volumes has required an increase in structural operating expenses such as payroll, insurance and marketing expenses. However, the increase in gross profit more than offsets this resulting in our first reported quarterly income from operations of $2.0 million.

Three months ended May 31, 2021 as compared to three months ended May 31, 2020:

Net Revenue

Revenues were $13.4 million in the second quarter of 2021 which represents an increase of $12.2 million as compared to the prior year period revenues of $1.2 million. This increase was due to sales of the Byrna® HD and driven by a growing market awareness of the product.

Cost of Goods Sold

Cost of goods sold was $5.8 million in the second quarter of 2021 compared to $0.7 million in the prior year period. This $5.1 million increase is primarily due to the increase in related sales volume and also to the costs associated with the manufacture and corresponding sales of the Byrna® HD and related products.

Gross Profit

Gross profit is calculated as total revenue less cost of goods sold and gross margin is calculated as gross profit divided by total revenue. Included as cost of goods sold are costs associated with the production and procurement of products, such as labor and overhead, inbound freight costs, manufacturing depreciation, purchasing and receiving costs, inspection costs and the shipping and handling costs. Gross profit was $7.6 million in the second quarter of 2021, or 56% of net revenue, as compared to gross profit of approximately $0.5 million, or 43% of net revenue, in the prior year period. The increase in gross profit is due to the increase in sales volume of Byrna® HD products.

Operating Expenses/Loss from Operations

Operating expenses were $5.5 million in the second quarter of 2021, as compared to the prior year period expenses of $1.4 million. This increase is due to the growth company. The growth of sales volumes drove increases in variable expenses such as freight out, which increased from $0.003 million in the second quarter of 2020 to $0.6 million in the second quarter of 2021 and bank fees which are primarily transaction fees on customers’ credit card orders and which grew from $0.02 million in the three months ended May 31, 2020 to $0.4 million in the three months ended May 31, 2021. The structural growth required to manage a larger company with higher sales volumes drove up structural costs. Payroll related costs were $0.6 million and stock compensation costs were $0.01 million in the second quarter of 2020. These were $1.9 million and $0.9 million, respectively, in the second quarter of 2021. Insurance expense increased from $0.03 million in the second quarter of 2020 to $0.3 million in the second quarter of 2021. Marketing cost increased from $0.1 million in the second quarter of 2020 to $0.4 million in the second quarter of 2021.

The growth in revenue drove growth in gross profit greater than the increase in variable and structural operating expenses which resulted in a significant improvement in operating profit. The three months ended May 31, 2021 showed income from operations of $2.0 million as compared to a loss from operations of $0.9 million in the same period one year earlier.

Accretion of Debt Discounts

Accretion of debt discounts decreased $0.3 million in the second quarter of 2021 to $0 from $0.3 million in the prior year period. The 2020 charge resulted from the April 8, 2020 exchange of an aggregate of approximately $6.95 million outstanding convertible notes payable, representing principal and accrued interest through April 7, 2020, for 1,391 shares of Series A Convertible Preferred Stock. We no longer have any outstanding convertible notes payable.

Interest Expense

Interest Expense for the three months ended May 31, 2021 was $0.01 million. This represents $0.01 million of interest on the asset-based loan net of $0.004 million imputed interest income from a sales financing lease. Interest Expense for the three months ended May 31, 2020 was $0.08 million of interest accrued on convertible notes payable.

Income (Loss) on Extinguishment of Debt

Loss on extinguishment of debt was $0 and $6.0 million during the three months ended May 31, 2021 and May 31, 2020, respectively. The 2020 charge relates to the April 8, 2020 exchange of convertible notes payable for preferred stock.

Warrant Inducement Expense

Warrant inducement expense was $0 in the second quarter of 2021 and $0.8 million in the second quarter of 2020. The 2020 charge reflects the difference in fair value of warrants exercised at the reduced price of $0.16 per warrant as compared to the $0.25 per warrant contractual exercise price.

Other Financing Costs

Other financing costs represents the cost to close the asset-based loan being amortized over the three-year term of the loan agreement. This cost was $0.01 million for the three months ended May 31, 2021 and $0 for the same period one year earlier.

Income Tax Provision

Our effective income tax rate was 9% and 0% for the three months ended May 31, 2021 and May 31, 2020 respectively. Our income tax provision was $0.2 million and $0 for the three months ended May 31, 2021 and May 31, 2020 respectively. Our tax rate differs from the statutory rate of 21.0% due to the foreign tax rate differential as a result of Byrna South Africa, effects of permanent non-deductible expenses, the recording of a valuation allowance against the deferred tax assets generated in the past period, and other effects.

We are subject to income tax in the U.S., as well as various state and international jurisdictions. The federal and state tax authorities can generally reduce a net operating loss (but not create taxable income) for a period outside the statute of limitations in order to determine the correct amount of net operating loss which may be allowed as a deduction against income for a period within the statute of limitations.

Net Income (Loss)

The increased profitability from growing, high margin, revenues drove net income to $2.0 million for the three months ended May 31, 2021. This is the first quarter for which we have reported net income and compares to a net loss of $8.1 million for the three months ended May 31, 2020.

Non-GAAP Financial Measures

In addition to providing financial measurements based on generally accepted accounting principles in the United States (GAAP), we provide the following additional financial metrics that are not prepared in accordance with GAAP (non-GAAP): adjusted EBITDA, non-GAAP net income (loss), and non-GAAP net income (loss) per share (basic and diluted). Management uses these non-GAAP financial measures, in addition to GAAP financial measures, to understand and compare operating results across accounting periods, for financial and operational decision making, for planning and forecasting purposes and to evaluate our financial performance. We believe that these non-GAAP financial measures help us to identify underlying trends in our business that could otherwise be masked by the effect of certain expenses that we exclude in the calculations of the non-GAAP financial measures.

Accordingly, we believe that these non-GAAP financial measures reflect our ongoing business in a manner that allows for meaningful comparisons and analysis of trends in the business and provides useful information to investors and others in understanding and evaluating our operating results, enhancing the overall understanding of our past performance and future prospects.

These non-GAAP financial measures do not replace the presentation of our GAAP financial results and should only be used as a supplement to, not as a substitute for, our financial results presented in accordance with GAAP. There are limitations in the use of non-GAAP measures, because they do not include all the expenses that must be included under GAAP and because they involve the exercise of judgment concerning exclusions of items from the comparable non-GAAP financial measure. In addition, other companies may use other non-GAAP measures to evaluate their performance, or may calculate non-GAAP measures differently, all of which could reduce the usefulness of our non-GAAP financial measures as tools for comparison.

Adjusted EBITDA

Adjusted EBITDA is defined as comprehensive income (loss) as reported in our consolidated statements of income excluding the impact of (i) depreciation and amortization; (ii) income tax provision (benefit); (iii) interest expense; (iv) stock-based compensation expense; (v) accretion of debt discounts; (vi) loss on extinguishment of debt; (vii) warrant inducement expense; and (viii) other financing costs. Our Adjusted EBITDA measure eliminates potential differences in performance caused by variations in capital structures (affecting finance costs), tax positions, the cost and age of tangible assets (affecting relative depreciation expense) and the extent to which intangible assets are identifiable (affecting relative amortization expense). We also exclude certain one-time and non-cash costs. Reconciliation of Adjusted EBITDA to comprehensive income (loss), the most directly comparable GAAP measure, is as follows (in thousands):

Non-GAAP net income (loss) and non-GAAP net income (loss) per share

Non-GAAP net income (loss) is defined as comprehensive income (loss) as reported in our consolidated statements of income excluding the impact of (i) stock-based compensation expense; (ii) accretion of debt discounts; (iii) loss on extinguishment of debt; (iv) warrant inducement expense; and (v) other financing costs. Our non-GAAP net income (loss) measure eliminates potential differences in performance caused by certain non-cash and one-time costs. We also provide non-GAAP net income (loss) per share by dividing non-GAAP net income (loss) by the average basic or diluted shares outstanding for the period. Reconciliation of Non-GAAP comprehensive income (loss) to Comprehensive income (loss), the most directly comparable GAAP measure, is as follows (in thousands):

Six months ended May 31, 2021 as compared to six months ended May 31, 2020:

Net Revenue

Revenues were $22.3 million in the first half of 2021, a significant increase compared to the prior year period revenues of $1.3 million. This increase was driven by revenues from the Byrna® HD which began shipping in April 2019, and growing market awareness of and demand for our product.

Cost of Goods Sold

Cost of goods sold was $10.0 million in the first half of 2021 compared to $0.9 million in the prior year period. The increase is primarily due to the extreme growth in sales volumes.

Gross Profit

Gross profit is calculated as total revenue less cost of goods sold and gross margin is calculated as gross profit divided by total revenue. Included as cost of goods sold are costs associated with the production and procurement of products, such as inbound freight costs, manufacturing depreciation, purchasing and receiving costs, and inspection costs. Gross profit was $12.3 million in the first half of 2020, a gross profit margin of 55% driven by sales of Byrna® HD products and accessories. Gross profit in the prior year period was $0.5 million with a gross profit margin of 36%. The improvement in gross margin profitability is due to increased production efficiency and due to the improved ratio of sales volume to fixed overhead costs.

Operating Expenses, Profit/Loss from Operations

Operating expenses were $10.7 million in the first half of 2021, as compared to the prior year period expenses of $3.0 million. This increase is due to the growth of the company. The growth of sales volumes drove increases in variable expenses such as freight out, which increased from $0.01 million in the first half of 2020 to $1.1 million in the first half of 2021 and bank fees which are primarily transaction fees on customers’ credit card orders and which grew from $0.04 million in the first six months of 2020 to $0.6 million in the first six months of 2021. The structural growth required to manage a larger business with higher sales volumes drove up structural costs. Payroll related costs were $1.1 million and stock compensation costs were $0.6 million in the first half of 2020. These were $4.2 million and $1.5 million respectively in the first half of 2021. Insurance expense increased from $0.1 million in the first half of 2020 to $0.7 million in the first half of 2021. Marketing cost increased from $0.2 million in the first half of 2020 to $0.5 million in the first half of 2021. Legal and other consulting costs increased from $0.2 million in the first half of 2020 to $0.4 million in the first half of 2021.

The growth in revenue drove growth in gross profit greater than the increase in variable and structural operating expenses which resulted in a significant improvement in operating profit. The first six months of 2021 showed income from operations of $1.6 million as compared to a loss from operations of $2.5 million in the same period one year earlier.

Accretion of Debt Discounts

Accretion of debt discounts decreased $0.8 million in the first half of 2021 to $0 from $0.8 million in the prior year period. The 2020 charge resulted from the April 8, 2020 exchange of an aggregate of approximately $6.95 million outstanding convertible notes payable, representing principal and accrued interest through April 7, 2020, for 1,391 shares of Series A Convertible Preferred Stock. We no longer have any outstanding convertible notes payable.

Interest Expense

Interest Expense for the six months ended May 31, 2021 was $0.04 million. This represents interest on the asset-based loan and imputed net interest expense from the establishment of a sales financing lease. Interest Expense for the six months ended May 31, 2020 was $0.2 million of interest accrued on convertible notes payable.

Income (Loss) on Extinguishment of Debt

Income on extinguishment of debt was $0.2 million and $0 during the six months ended May 31, 2021 and May 31, 2020, respectively and relates to the forgiveness of the $0.2 million of funding under the Paycheck Protection Program (“PPP”).

Loss on extinguishment of debt was $0 and $6.0 million during the six months ended May 31, 2021 and May 31, 2020, respectively. The 2020 charge relates to the April 8, 2020 exchange of convertible notes payable for preferred stock.

Warrant Inducement Expense

Warrant inducement expense was $0 in the first half of 2021 and $0.8 million in the first half of 2020. The 2020 charge reflects the difference in fair value of warrants exercised at the reduced price of $0.16 per warrant as compared to the $0.25 contractual exercise price.

Other Financing Costs

Other financing costs represents the cost to close the asset-based loan being amortized over the three-year term of the loan agreement. This cost was $0.01 million for the six months ended May 31, 2021 and $0 for the same period one year earlier.

Income Tax Provision

Our income tax provision was $0.2 million and $0 for the six months ended May 31, 2021 and May 31, 2020 respectively. Our tax rate differs from the statutory rate of 21.0% due to the foreign tax rate differential as a result of Byrna South Africa, effects of permanent non-deductible expenses, the recording of a valuation allowance against the deferred tax assets generated in the past period, and other effects.

We are subject to income tax in the U.S., as well as various state and international jurisdictions. The federal and state tax authorities can generally reduce a net operating loss (but not create taxable income) for a period outside the statute of limitations in order to determine the correct amount of net operating loss which may be allowed as a deduction against income for a period within the statute of limitations.

Net Income (Loss)

The increased profitability from growing, high margin, revenues drove net income to $1.8 million for the six months ended May 31, 2021. This compares to a net loss of $10.3 million for the six months ended May 31, 2020.

Non-GAAP Financial Measures

In addition to providing financial measurements based on generally accepted accounting principles in the United States (GAAP), we provide the following additional financial metrics that are not prepared in accordance with GAAP (non-GAAP): adjusted EBITDA, non-GAAP net income (loss), and non-GAAP net income (loss) per share (basic and diluted). Management uses these non-GAAP financial measures, in addition to GAAP financial measures, to understand and compare operating results across accounting periods, for financial and operational decision making, for planning and forecasting purposes and to evaluate our financial performance. We believe that these non-GAAP financial measures help us to identify underlying trends in our business that could otherwise be masked by the effect of certain expenses that we exclude in the calculations of the non-GAAP financial measures.

Accordingly, we believe that these non-GAAP financial measures reflect our ongoing business in a manner that allows for meaningful comparisons and analysis of trends in the business and provides useful information to investors and others in understanding and evaluating our operating results, enhancing the overall understanding of our past performance and future prospects.

These non-GAAP financial measures do not replace the presentation of our GAAP financial results and should only be used as a supplement to, not as a substitute for, our financial results presented in accordance with GAAP. There are limitations in the use of non-GAAP measures, because they do not include all the expenses that must be included under GAAP and because they involve the exercise of judgment concerning exclusions of items from the comparable non-GAAP financial measure. In addition, other companies may use other non-GAAP measures to evaluate their performance, or may calculate non-GAAP measures differently, all of which could reduce the usefulness of our non-GAAP financial measures as tools for comparison.

Adjusted EBITDA

Adjusted EBITDA is defined as comprehensive income (loss) as reported in our consolidated statements of income excluding the impact of (i) depreciation and amortization; (ii) income tax provision (benefit); (iii) interest expense; (iv) stock-based compensation expense; (v) accretion of debt discounts; (vi) loss on extinguishment of debt; (vii) warrant inducement expense; (viii) other income (forgiveness of PPP loan); and (ix) other financing costs. Our Adjusted EBITDA measure eliminates potential differences in performance caused by variations in capital structures (affecting finance costs), tax positions, the cost and age of tangible assets (affecting relative depreciation expense) and the extent to which intangible assets are identifiable (affecting relative amortization expense). The adjustment for other income (forgiveness of PPP loan) was not included in our Adjusted EBITDA metric for the three months ended May 31, 2021 because it was not applicable to such period. We also exclude certain one-time and non-cash costs. Reconciliation of Adjusted EBITDA to comprehensive income (loss) the most directly comparable GAAP measure, is as follows (in thousands):

Non-GAAP net income (loss) and non-GAAP comprehensive income (loss) per share

Non-GAAP comprehensive income (loss) is defined as comprehensive income (loss) as reported in our consolidated statements of income excluding the impact of (i) stock-based compensation expense; (ii) accretion of debt discounts; (iii) loss on extinguishment of debt; and (iv) warrant inducement expense. Our non-GAAP net income (loss) measure eliminates potential differences in performance caused by certain non-cash and one-time costs. We also provide non-GAAP net income (loss) per share by dividing non-GAAP net income (loss) by the average basic or diluted shares outstanding for the period. Reconciliation of Non-GAAP comprehensive income (loss) to comprehensive income (loss), the most directly comparable GAAP measure, is as follows (in thousands):