Caesars Entertainment, Inc. - Quarter Report: 2019 March (Form 10-Q)

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10‑Q

(Mark One)

For the quarterly period ended March 31, 2019

OR

For the transition period                 to                 

Commission File No. 001‑36629

ELDORADO RESORTS, INC.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

100 West Liberty Street, Suite 1150, Reno, Nevada 89501

(Address and zip code of principal executive offices)

(775) 328‑0100

(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.    Yes  ☒    No  ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes  ☒    No  ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non‑accelerated filer, smaller reporting company or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b‑2 of the Exchange Act.

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act.  ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b‑2 of the Exchange Act).    Yes  ☐    No  ☒

The number of shares of the Registrant’s Common Stock, $0.00001 par value per share, outstanding as of May 3, 2019 was 77,472,148.

ELDORADO RESORTS, INC.

QUARTERLY REPORT FOR THE THREE MONTHS ENDED

MARCH 31, 2019

TABLE OF CONTENTS

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PART I-FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1.  Financial Statements.

ELDORADO RESORTS, INC.

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

(dollars in thousands)

The accompanying condensed notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

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ELDORADO RESORTS, INC.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME

(dollars in thousands, except per share data)

(unaudited)

The accompanying condensed notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

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ELDORADO RESORTS, INC.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME

(dollars in thousands)

(unaudited)

The accompanying condensed notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

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ELDORADO RESORTS, INC.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY

(dollars in thousands)

(unaudited)

The accompanying condensed notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

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ELDORADO RESORTS, INC.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

(dollars in thousands)

(unaudited)

The accompanying condensed notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

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ELDORADO RESORTS, INC.

CONDENSED NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(unaudited)

Note 1. Organization and Basis of Presentation

Organization

The accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Eldorado Resorts, Inc. (“ERI” or the “Company”), a Nevada corporation formed in September 2013, and its consolidated subsidiaries. The Company acquired Mountaineer, Presque Isle Downs and Scioto Downs in September 2014 pursuant to a merger with MTR Gaming Group, Inc. (“MTR Gaming”) and in November 2015 it acquired Circus Reno and the interests in the Silver Legacy that it did not own prior to such date.

On May 1, 2017, the Company completed its acquisition of Isle of Capri Casinos, Inc. pursuant to the Agreement and Plan of Merger dated as of September 19, 2016 with Isle of Capri Casinos, Inc. (“Isle” or “Isle of Capri”). As a result of the Isle Merger, Isle became a wholly-owned subsidiary of ERI.

On August 7, 2018, the Company completed its acquisition of the outstanding partnership interests of Elgin Riverboat Resort – Riverboat Casino d/b/a Grand Victoria Casino, an Illinois partnership (“Elgin”), the owner of Grand Victoria Casino, located in Elgin, Illinois (the “Elgin Acquisition”). On October 1, 2018, we completed our acquisition of Tropicana Entertainment, Inc. (“Tropicana”), adding seven properties to our portfolio (the “Tropicana Acquisition”).

On January 11, 2019 and March 8, 2019, respectively, the Company closed on its sales of Presque Isle Downs & Casino (“Presque Isle Downs”) and Lady Luck Casino Nemacolin (“Nemacolin”), which are both located in Pennsylvania.

As of March 31, 2019, we owned and operated the following properties:

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In addition, Scioto Downs, through its subsidiary RacelineBet, Inc., also operates Racelinebet.com, a national account wagering service that offers online and telephone wagering on horse races as a marketing affiliate of TwinSpires.com, an affiliate of Churchill Downs Incorporated.

Reclassifications

Certain reclassifications of prior year presentations have been made to conform to the current period presentation.

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Basis of Presentation

The accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements of the Company and its subsidiaries have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States for interim financial information with the instructions for Form 10-Q and Article 10 of Regulation S-X. Accordingly, they do not include all of the information and notes required by US GAAP for complete financial statements. In the opinion of management, the accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements contain all adjustments, all of which are normal and recurring, considered necessary for a fair presentation and have been included herein. The results of operations for these interim periods are not necessarily indicative of the operating results for other quarters, for the full year or any future period.

The executive decision maker of our Company reviews operating results, assesses performance and makes decisions on a “significant market” basis. Management views each of our casinos as an operating segment. Operating segments are aggregated based on their similar economic characteristics, types of customers, types of services and products provided, and their management and reporting structure. Prior to the Elgin and Tropicana acquisitions, the Company’s principal operating activities occurred in four geographic regions and reportable segments. Following the Elgin and Tropicana acquisitions, a fifth segment, Central, was added. The reportable segments are based on the similar characteristics of the operating segments within the regions in which they operate: West, Midwest, South, East, and Central. (See Note 16 for a listing of properties included in each segment).                                                                                                      

The presentation of information herein for periods prior to our acquisitions of Elgin and Tropicana and after our acquisitions of Elgin and Tropicana are not fully comparable because the results of operations for Elgin and Tropicana are not included for periods prior to August 7, 2018 and October 1, 2018, respectively. Additionally, the Company closed on its sales of Presque Isle Downs and Nemacolin in January 2019 and March 2019, respectively. (See Note 5).

These unaudited consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and notes thereto included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018.

Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements

Pronouncements Implemented in 2019

In February 2016 (as amended through December 2018), the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-02 codified as Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 842, Leases, (“ASC 842”) which addresses the recognition and measurement of leases. Under the new guidance, for all leases, at the commencement date, lessees will be required to recognize a lease liability, which is a lessee’s obligation to make lease payments arising from a lease. The liability is measured on a discounted basis.  Lessees will also recognize a right-of-use (“ROU”) asset, which is an asset that represents the lessee’s right to control the use of a specified asset for the lease term. Under the new guidance, lessor accounting is largely unchanged. The effective date is for the annual and interim periods beginning after December 15, 2018. ASC 842 requires a transition adoption election using either 1) a modified retrospective approach with periods prior to the adoption date being recast or 2) a prospective approach with a cumulative-effect adjustment recognized to the opening balance of retained earnings on the adoption date with prior periods continuing to be reported under prior lease accounting guidance. 

The Company adopted ASC 842 on January 1, 2019 using the prospective approach, and therefore, comparative periods will continue to be reported under prior lease accounting guidance consistent with previously issued financial statements. We elected the package of practical expedients permitted under the transition guidance within ASC 842, which among other things, allowed us to carry forward the historical lease identification, lease classification and treatment of initial direct costs for leases entered into prior to January 1, 2019. We also made an accounting policy election to not record short-term leases with an initial term of 12 months or less on the balance sheet for all classes of underlying assets. We have also elected to not adopt the hindsight practical expedient for determining lease terms.

Our operating leases, in which we are the lessee, are recorded on the balance sheet as a ROU asset with a corresponding lease liability. The lease liability will be remeasured each reporting period with a corresponding change to the ROU asset. ROU assets and lease liabilities for operating leases totaled $282.4 million and $287.1 million, respectively, as of March 31, 2019. The adoption of this guidance did not have an impact on net income; however, upon adoption we recorded a cumulative adjustment to our retained earnings of $4.7 million, net of tax, primarily related to the Company’s lease and management agreements at its Bettendorf location. (See Note 2 for more information).  Adoption of this guidance did not have a material impact on the Company’s other financing leases.

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Pronouncements to Be Implemented in Future Periods

In June 2016 (modified in November 2018), the FASB issued ASU No 2016-13, Financial Instruments – Credit Losses related to timing on recognizing impairment losses on financial assets.  The new guidance lowers the threshold on when losses are incurred, from a determination that a loss is probable to a determination that a loss is expected.  The change in guidance will be applicable to our evaluation of the CRDA investments (see Note 8).  The guidance is effective for interim and annual periods beginning after December 15, 2019, and early adoption is allowed for interim and annual periods beginning after December 15, 2018.  Adoption of the guidance requires a modified-retrospective approach and a cumulative adjustment to retained earnings to the first reporting period that the update is effective.  We expect to adopt the new guidance on January 1, 2020 and currently we do not expect a cumulative effect on our Consolidated Financial Statements.

In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-15, Customer’s Accounting for Implementation Costs Incurred in a Cloud Computing Arrangement That is a Service Contract. This amendment aligns the requirements for capitalizing implementation costs incurred in a hosting arrangement that is a service contract with the requirements for capitalizing implementation costs incurred to develop or obtain internal-use software (and hosting arrangements that include an internal use software license). This generally means that an intangible asset is recognized for the software license and, to the extent that the payments attributable to the software license are made over time, a liability also is recognized. If a cloud computing arrangement does not include a software license, the entity should account for the arrangement as a service contract. This generally means that the fees associated with the hosting element (service) of the arrangement are expensed as incurred. The amendment is effective for annual and interim periods beginning after December 15, 2019, with early adoption allowed. We expect to adopt the new guidance on January 1, 2020 and are evaluating the qualitative and quantitative effects of the new guidance. We do not believe it will have a significant impact on our Consolidated Financial Statements.

In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU No 2018-14, Compensation –Retirement Benefits – Defined Benefit Plans – General.  This amendment improves disclosures over defined benefit plans and is effective for interim and annual periods ending after December 15, 2020 with early adoption allowed.  We anticipate adopting this amendment during the first quarter of 2021, and do not expect it to have a significant impact on our Consolidated Financial Statements.

In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-13, Disclosure Framework-Changes to the Disclosure Requirements for Fair Value Measurement. This amendment modifies the disclosure requirements for fair value measurements and is effective for annual and interim periods beginning after December 15, 2019, with early adoption allowed. The Company is evaluating the qualitative and quantitative effect the new guidance will have on our Consolidated Financial Statements.

Note 2. Leases

The Company’s management determines if a contract is or contains a lease at inception or modification of a contract. A contract is or contains a lease if the contract conveys the right to control the use of an identified asset for a period of time in exchange for consideration. Control over the use of the identified asset means the lessee has both (a) the right to obtain substantially all of the economic benefits from the use of the asset and (b) the right to direct the use of the asset.

Finance and operating lease ROU assets and liabilities are recognized based on the present value of future minimum lease payments over the expected lease term at commencement date. As the implicit rate is not determinable in most of the Company’s leases, management uses the Company’s incremental borrowing rate based on the information available at the lease commencement date in determining the present value of future payments. The expected lease terms include options to extend or terminate the lease when it is reasonably certain the Company will exercise such options. Lease expense for operating leases with minimum lease payments is recognized on a straight-line basis over the expected lease term.

The Company’s lease arrangements have lease and non-lease components. For leases in which the Company is the lessee, the Company accounts for the lease components and non-lease components as a single lease component for all classes of underlying assets. Leases, in which the Company is the lessor, are substantially all accounted for as operating leases and the lease components and non-lease components are accounted for separately, which is consistent with the Company’s historical accounting. Leases with an expected or initial term of 12 months or less are not accounted for on the balance sheet and the related lease expense is recognized on a straight-line basis over the expected lease term.

The Company has operating and finance leases for various real estate and equipment. Certain of our lease agreements include rental payments based on a percentage of sales over specified contractual amounts, rental payments adjusted periodically for inflation and rental payments based on usage. The Company’s leases include options to extend the lease term one month to 60 years. Except for the GLPI Master Lease (see Note 10), the Company’s lease agreements do not contain any material residual value guarantees or material restrictive covenants.

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Leases recorded on the balance sheet consist of the following (in thousands):

Other information related to lease terms and discount rates are as follows:

The components of lease expense are as follows (in thousands):

Supplemental cash flow information related to leases is as follows (in thousands):

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Maturities of lease liabilities are summarized as follows (in thousands):

Note 3. Revenue Recognition

The Company recognizes as casino revenue the net win from gaming activities, which is the difference between gaming wins and losses, not the total amount wagered. Progressive jackpots are accrued and charged to revenue at the time the obligation to pay the jackpot is established. Gaming revenues are recognized net of certain cash and free play incentives. Pari-mutuel commissions consist of commissions earned from thoroughbred and harness racing and importing of simulcast signals from other race tracks and are recognized at the time wagers are made. Such commissions are a designated portion of the wagering handle as determined by state racing commissions and are shown net of the taxes assessed by state and local agencies, as well as purses and other contractual amounts paid to horsemen associations. The Company recognizes revenues from fees earned through the exporting of simulcast signals to other race tracks at the time wagers are made and recorded on a gross basis. Such fees are based upon a predetermined percentage of handle as contracted with the other race tracks.

Hotel, food and beverage services have been determined to be separate, stand-alone performance obligations and are recorded as revenue as the good or service is transferred to the customer over the customer’s stay at the hotel or when the delivery is made for the food and beverage. Advance deposits for future hotel occupancy, convention space or food and beverage services contracts are recorded as deferred income until the revenue recognition criteria has been met. The Company also provides goods and services that may include multiple performance obligations, such as for packages, for which revenues are allocated on a pro rata basis based on each service's stand-alone selling price.

The Company offers programs at its properties whereby participating customers can accumulate points for wagering that can be redeemed for credits for free play on slot machines, lodging, food and beverage, merchandise and, in limited situations, cash. The incentives earned by customers under these programs are based on previous revenue transactions and represent separate performance obligations. Points earned, less estimated breakage, are recorded as a reduction of casino revenues at the standalone selling price of the points when earned based upon the retail value of the benefits, historical redemption rates and estimated breakage and recognized as departmental revenue based on where such points are redeemed upon fulfillment of the performance obligation. The player loyalty program liability represents a deferral of revenue until redemption occurs, which is typically less than one year.

The Company offers discretionary coupons and other discretionary complimentaries to customers outside of the player loyalty program. The retail value of complimentary food, beverage, hotel rooms and other services provided to customers is recognized as a reduction to the revenues for the department which issued the complimentary and a credit to the revenue for the department redeemed. Complimentaries provided by third parties at the discretion and under the control of the Company is recorded as an expense when incurred.

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The Company’s consolidated statement of operations presents net revenue disaggregated by type or nature of the good or service (i.e., casino, pari-mutuel, food and beverage, hotel and other). A summary of net revenues disaggregated by type of revenue and reportable segment is presented below (amounts in thousands). Refer to Note 16 for a discussion of the Company’s reportable segments.

Contract and Contract Related Liabilities

The Company records contract or contract-related liabilities related to differences between the timing of cash receipts from the customer and the recognition of revenue. The Company generally has three types of liabilities related to contracts with customers: (1) outstanding chip liability, which represents the amounts owed in exchange for gaming chips held by a customer, (2) player loyalty program obligations, which represents the deferred allocation of revenue relating to player loyalty program incentives earned, as discussed above, and (3) customer deposits and other deferred revenue, which is primarily funds deposited by customers related to gaming play, advance payments on goods and services yet to be provided (such as advance ticket sales and deposits on rooms and convention space or for unpaid wagers), and deferred revenues associated with the Company’s interests in William Hill and TSG  (see Note 7 and Note 8). Except for deferred revenues related to William Hill and TSG, these liabilities are generally expected to be recognized as revenue within one year of being purchased, earned, or deposited and are recorded within “Accrued other liabilities” on the Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheets.

The following table summarizes the activity related to contract and contract-related liabilities:

The change in customer deposits and other deferred revenue during the three months ended March 31, 2019 is primarily attributed to the Company’s interests in William Hill, which is recorded in other long term liabilities on the Consolidated Balance Sheet (see Note 7 for more information).

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Note 4. Acquisitions, Preliminary Purchase Price Accounting and Pro Forma Information

Tropicana

Acquisition Summary

On April 15, 2018, the Company announced that it had entered into a definitive agreement to acquire Tropicana in a cash transaction valued at $1.9 billion. At the closing of the transaction on October 1, 2018, a subsidiary of the Company merged into Tropicana and Tropicana became a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company. Immediately prior to the merger, Tropicana sold Tropicana Aruba Resort and Casino and Gaming and Leisure Properties, Inc. (“GLPI”) acquired substantially all of Tropicana’s real estate, other than the real estate underlying MontBleu and Lumière, for approximately $964 million and the Company acquired Tropicana’s operations and certain real estate for $927.3 million. Substantially concurrently with the acquisition of the real estate portfolio by GLPI, the Company also entered into a triple net master lease (see Note 10). The Company funded the purchase of the real estate underlying Lumière with the proceeds of a $246 million loan (see Note 11) and funded the remaining consideration payable with cash on hand at the Company and Tropicana, borrowings under the Company’s revolving credit facility and proceeds from the Company’s offering of $600 million in aggregate principal amount of 6% senior notes due 2026.

Transaction expenses related to the Tropicana Acquisition for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018 totaled $1.5 million and $1.0 million, respectively.

Preliminary Purchase Price Accounting

The total purchase consideration for the Tropicana Acquisition was $927.3 million. The estimated purchase consideration in the acquisition was determined with reference to its acquisition date fair value.

The fair values are based on management’s analysis including preliminary work performed by third party valuation specialists, which are subject to finalization and review. The purchase price accounting for Tropicana is preliminary as it relates to determining the fair value of certain assets and liabilities, including goodwill, and is subject to change.  The following table summarizes the preliminary allocation of the purchase consideration to the identifiable assets acquired and liabilities assumed of Tropicana, with the excess recorded as goodwill as of March 31, 2019 (dollars in thousands):  

Valuation methodologies under both a market and income approach used for the identifiable net assets acquired in the Tropicana Acquisition make use of Level 3 inputs including discounted cash flows.

Trade receivables and payables, inventories and other current and noncurrent assets and liabilities were valued at the existing carrying values as they represented the estimated fair value of those items at the Tropicana Acquisition date.

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The fair value of land (excluding the real property acquired by GLPI) was determined using the market approach, which arrives at an indication of value by comparing the site being valued to sites that have been recently acquired in arm’s-length transactions. The market data is then adjusted for any significant differences, to the extent known, between the identified comparable sites and the site being valued. Building and site improvements were valued using the cost approach using a direct cost model built on estimates of replacement cost. Personal property assets with an active and identifiable secondary market such as riverboats, gaming equipment, computer equipment and vehicles were valued using the market approach. Other personal property assets such as furniture, fixtures, computer software, and restaurant equipment were valued using the cost approach which is based on replacement or reproduction costs of the asset. The cost approach is an estimation of fair value developed by computing the current cost of replacing a property and subtracting any depreciation resulting from one or more of the following factors: physical deterioration, functional obsolescence, and/or economic obsolescence. The income approach incorporates all tangible and intangible property and served as a ceiling for the fair values of the acquired assets of the ongoing business enterprise, while still taking into account the premise of highest and best use. In the instance where the business enterprise value developed via the income approach was exceeded by the initial fair values of the underlying assets, an adjustment to reflect economic obsolescence was made to the tangible assets on a pro rata basis to reflect the contributory value of each individual asset to the enterprise as a whole.

The real estate assets that were sold to GLPI and leased back by the Company were first adjusted to fair value concurrently with the acquisition of Tropicana. The fair value of the properties was determined utilizing the direct capitalization method of the income approach. In allocating the fair value to the underlying acquired assets, a fair value for the buildings and improvements was determined using the above mentioned cost approach method. To determine the underlying land value, the extraction method was applied wherein the fair value of the building and improvements was deducted from the fair value of the property as derived from the direct capitalization approach to determine the fair value of the land. The fair value of GLPI’s real estate assets was determined to be $957.3 million.

The fair value of the gaming licenses was determined using the multi period excess earnings or replacement cost methodology, based on whether the license resides in gaming jurisdictions where competition is limited to a specified number of licensed gaming operators. The excess earnings methodology is an income approach methodology that estimates the projected cash flows of the business attributable to the gaming license intangible asset, which is net of charges for the use of other identifiable assets of the business including working capital, fixed assets and other intangible assets. Under the respective state’s gaming legislation, the property specific licenses can only be acquired if a theoretical buyer were to acquire each existing facility. The existing licenses could not be acquired and used for a different facility. The properties’ estimated future cash flows were the primary assumption in the respective valuations. Cash flow estimates included net gaming revenue, gaming operating expenses, general and administrative expenses, and tax expense. The replacement cost methodology is a cost approach methodology based on replacement or reproduction cost of the gaming license as an indicator of fair value.

The Company has assigned an indefinite useful life to the gaming licenses, in accordance with its review of the applicable guidance of ASC 350. The Company considered, among other things, the expected use of the asset, the expected useful life of other related assets or asset groups, any legal, regulatory, or contractual provisions that may limit the useful life, the Company’s own historical experience in renewing similar arrangements, the effects of obsolescence, demand and other economic factors, and the maintenance expenditures required to obtain the expected cash flows. The Company determined that no legal, regulatory, contractual, competitive, economic or other factors limit the useful lives of these intangible assets. Tropicana had licenses in New Jersey, Missouri, Mississippi, Nevada, Indiana, and Louisiana. The renewal of each state’s gaming license depends on a number of factors, including payment of certain fees and taxes, providing certain information to the state’s gaming regulator, and meeting certain inspection requirements. However, the Company’s historical experience has not indicated, nor does the Company expect, any limitations regarding its ability to continue to renew each license. No other competitive, contractual, or economic factor limits the useful lives of these assets. Accordingly, the Company has concluded that the useful lives of these licenses are indefinite.

Trade names are valued using the relief from royalty method, which presumes that without ownership of such trademarks, the Company would have to make a stream of payments to a brand or franchise owner in return for the right to use their name. By virtue of this asset, the Company avoids any such payments and records the related intangible value of the Company’s ownership of the brand name. The primary assumptions in the valuation included revenue, pre-tax royalty rate, and tax expense. The Company has assigned an indefinite useful life to the trade names after considering, among other things, the expected use of the asset, the expected useful life of other related assets or asset groups, any legal, regulatory, or contractual provisions that may limit the useful life, the Company’s own historical experience in renewing similar arrangements, the effects of obsolescence, demand and other economic factors, and the maintenance expenditures required to obtain the expected cash flows. In that analysis, the Company determined that no legal, regulatory, contractual, competitive, economic or other factors limit the useful lives of these intangible assets.

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Player loyalty programs were valued using the cost approach and the incremental cash flow method under the income approach. The incremental cash flow method is used to estimate the fair value of an intangible asset based on a residual cash flow notion. This method measures the benefits (e.g., cash flows) derived from ownership of an acquired intangible asset as if it were in place, as compared to the acquirer’s expected cash flows as if the intangible asset were not in place (i.e., with-and-without). The residual or net cash flows of the two models is ascribable to the intangible asset. The Company has estimated a 3-year useful life on the player loyalty programs.

Goodwill is the result of expected synergies from combining operations of the acquired and acquirer. The goodwill acquired is fully amortizable for tax purposes.

For the period from January 1, 2019 through March 31, 2019, Tropicana generated net revenues of $207.3 million and net income of $4.2 million.

Elgin

Acquisition Summary

On August 7, 2018, the Company completed its acquisition of one hundred percent of the partnership interests in Elgin. As a result of the Elgin Acquisition, Elgin became an indirect wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company. The Company purchased Elgin for $327.5 million plus a $1.3 million working capital adjustment. The Elgin Acquisition was financed using cash on hand and borrowings under the Company’s revolving credit facility.

Transaction expenses related to the Elgin Acquisition totaled $31,000 and $0.6 million for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively.

Preliminary Purchase Price Accounting – Elgin

The total purchase consideration for the Elgin Acquisition was $328.8 million. The estimated purchase consideration in the acquisition was determined with reference to its acquisition date fair value.

The fair values are based on management’s analysis including preliminary work performed by third party valuation specialists, which are subject to finalization and review.  The purchase price accounting for Elgin is preliminary as it relates to determining the fair value of the long-lived assets, including goodwill, and is subject to change. The following table summarizes the preliminary allocation of the purchase consideration to the identifiable assets acquired and liabilities assumed of Elgin, with the excess recorded as goodwill as of March 31, 2019 (dollars in thousands):

Valuation methodologies under both a market and income approach used for the identifiable net assets acquired in the Elgin Acquisition make use of Level 3 inputs including discounted cash flows.

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Trade receivables and payables, inventories and other current and noncurrent assets and liabilities were valued at the existing carrying values as they represented the estimated fair value of those items at the Elgin Acquisition date.

The fair value of land was determined using the market approach, which arrives at an indication of value by comparing the site being valued to sites that have been recently acquired in arm’s-length transactions. The market data is then adjusted for any significant differences, to the extent known, between the identified comparable sites and the site being valued. Building and site improvements were valued using the cost approach using a direct cost model built on estimates of replacement cost. Personal property assets with an active and identifiable secondary market such as riverboats, gaming equipment, computer equipment and vehicles were valued using the market approach. Other personal property assets such as furniture, fixtures, computer software, and restaurant equipment were valued using the cost approach which is based on replacement or reproduction costs of the asset.

The cost approach is an estimation of fair value developed by computing the current cost of replacing a property and subtracting any depreciation resulting from one or more of the following factors: physical deterioration, functional obsolescence, and/or economic obsolescence. The income approach incorporates all tangible and intangible property and served as a ceiling for the fair values of the acquired assets of the ongoing business enterprise, while still taking into account the premise of highest and best use.

The Company has assigned an indefinite useful life to the gaming licenses, in accordance with its review of the applicable guidance of ASC 350. The fair value of the gaming license was determined using the multi period excess earnings method. The excess earnings methodology, which is an income approach methodology that allocates the projected cash flows of the business to the gaming license intangible assets less charges for the use of other identifiable assets of Elgin including working capital, fixed assets and other intangible assets. This methodology was considered appropriate as the gaming license is the primary asset of Elgin. The property’s estimated future cash flows were the primary assumption in the respective valuations. Cash flow estimates included net gaming revenue, gaming operating expenses, general and administrative expenses, and tax expense. The renewal of the gaming license depends on a number of factors, including payment of certain fees and taxes, providing certain information to the state’s gaming regulator, and meeting certain inspection requirements. However, the Company’s historical experience has not indicated, nor does the Company expect, any limitations regarding its ability to continue to renew the license. No other competitive, contractual, or economic factor limits the useful lives of this asset. Accordingly, the Company has concluded that the useful life of this license is indefinite.

The player loyalty program was valued using the cost approach and the incremental cash flow method under the income approach. The incremental cash flow method is used to estimate the fair value of an intangible asset based on a residual cash flow notion. This method measures the benefits (e.g., cash flows) derived from ownership of an acquired intangible asset as if it were in place, as compared to the acquirer’s expected cash flows as if the intangible asset were not in place (i.e., with-and-without). The residual or net cash flows of the two models is ascribable to the intangible asset. The Company has estimated a 4-year useful life on the player loyalty programs.

The trade name was valued using the relief‑from‑royalty method. The primary assumptions in the valuation included revenue, pre-tax royalty rate, and tax expense. The Company has assigned the trade name an indefinite useful life after considering, among other things, the expected use of the asset, the expected useful life of other related assets or asset groups, any legal, regulatory, or contractual provisions that may limit the useful life, the Company’s own historical experience in renewing similar arrangements, the effects of obsolescence, demand and other economic factors, and the maintenance expenditures required to obtain the expected cash flows. In that analysis, the Company determined that no legal, regulatory, contractual, competitive, economic or other factors limit the useful lives of these intangible assets.

Goodwill is the result of expected synergies from combining operations of the acquired and acquirer. The goodwill acquired is fully amortizable for tax purposes.

For the period from January 1, 2019 through March 31, 2019, Elgin generated net revenues of $37.0 million and net income of $5.5 million.

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Unaudited Pro Forma Information

Tropicana

The following unaudited pro forma information presents the results of operations of the Company for the three months ended March 31, 2018, as if only the Tropicana Acquisition had occurred on January 1, 2017 (in thousands).

These pro forma results do not necessarily represent the results of operations that would have been achieved if the acquisition had taken place on January 1, 2017, nor are they indicative of the results of operations for future periods. The pro forma amounts include the historical operating results of the Company and Tropicana prior to the Tropicana Acquisition with adjustments directly attributable to the Tropicana Acquisition.

Elgin

The following unaudited pro forma information presents the results of operations of the Company for the three months ended March 31, 2018, as if only the Elgin Acquisition had occurred on January 1, 2017 (in thousands).

These pro forma results do not necessarily represent the results of operations that would have been achieved if the acquisition had taken place on January 1, 2017, nor are they indicative of the results of operations for future periods. The pro forma amounts include the historical operating results of the Company and Elgin prior to the Elgin Acquisition with adjustments directly attributable to the Elgin Acquisition.

Note 5. Assets Held for Sale

On February 28, 2018, the Company entered into definitive agreements to sell substantially all of the assets and liabilities of Presque Isle Downs and Vicksburg to Churchill Downs Incorporated (“CDI”). Under the terms of the agreements, CDI agreed to purchase Presque Isle Downs for cash consideration of approximately $178.9 million and Vicksburg for cash consideration of approximately $50.6 million, in each case subject to a customary working capital adjustment. In conjunction with the classification of Vicksburg’s operations as assets held for sale at March 31, 2018 as a result of the announced sale to CDI, an impairment charge totaling $9.8 million was recorded due to the carrying value exceeding the estimated net sales proceeds.

The definitive agreements provided that the dispositions were subject to receipt of required regulatory approvals, termination of the waiting period under the Hart-Scott-Rodino Act and other customary closing conditions, including, in the case of Presque Isle Downs, the prior closing of the sale of Vicksburg or the entry into an agreement to acquire another asset of the Company. On May 7, 2018, the Company and CDI each received a Request for Additional Information and Documentary Materials, often referred to as a “Second Request,” from the Federal Trade Commission in connection with its review of the Vicksburg acquisition.

On July 6, 2018, in consideration of the time and expense needed to reply to the Second Request, the Company and CDI entered into a termination agreement and release pursuant to which the parties agreed to terminate the asset purchase agreement with respect to Vicksburg and to enter into an asset purchase agreement pursuant to which CDI would acquire and assume the rights and obligations to operate Nemacolin (the “Vicksburg Termination Agreement”). The Vicksburg Termination Agreement also provided that CDI would pay the Company a $5.0 million termination fee upon execution of a definitive agreement with respect to the Nemacolin transaction, which was recorded as proceeds from terminated sale on the Consolidated Statements of Income.  On August 10, 2018, the Company entered into a definitive agreement to sell substantially all of the assets and liabilities of Nemacolin to CDI.  Under the terms of the agreement, CDI agreed to purchase Nemacolin for cash consideration of approximately $0.1 million, subject to a customary working capital adjustment. As a result of the agreement to sell Nemacolin, an impairment charge of $3.8 million was recorded in the third quarter of 2018 due to the carrying value of the net property and equipment being sold exceeding the estimated net sales proceeds.

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The sale of Presque Isle Downs closed on January 11, 2019 resulting in a gain on sale of $21.6 million for the three months ended March 31, 2019. The sale of Nemacolin closed on March 8, 2019 resulting in a gain on sale of $0.5 million for the three months ended March 31, 2019.

Prior to the respective closing dates, the dispositions of Nemacolin and Presque Isle Downs, both of which were reported in the East segment, met the requirements for presentation as assets held for sale under generally accepted accounting principles. Due to the termination of the Vicksburg sale, Vicksburg was no longer presented as an asset held for sale.

The assets and liabilities held for sale, accounted for at carrying value as it was lower than fair value, were as follows as of December 31, 2018 (in thousands):