CAL-MAINE FOODS INC - Annual Report: 2019 (Form 10-K)

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UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, DC 20549

FORM 10-K

☒ ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For The Fiscal Year Ended June 1, 2019

☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

Commission file number: 000-04892

CAL-MAINE FOODS, INC.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)



Delaware		64-0500378
(State or other Jurisdiction of Incorporation or Organization)		(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)

3320 W Woodrow Wilson Ave, Jackson, Mississippi 39209-3409

(Address of principal executive offices) (Zip Code)

(601) 948-6813

(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12 (b) of the Act:



Title of each class:	Trading Symbol(s)	Name of each exchange on which registered:
Common Stock, $0.01 par value per share	CALM	The NASDAQ Global Select Market

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12 (g) of the Act: NONE

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act. Yes ☐ No ☒

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer”, “smaller reporting company”, and "emerging growth company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.



Large accelerated filer	☒	Accelerated filer	☐
Non-accelerated filer	☐	Smaller reporting company	☐
		Emerging growth company	☐



If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act	☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act). Yes ☐ No ☒

The aggregate market value, as reported by The NASDAQ Global Select Market, of the registrant’s Common Stock, $0.01 par value, held by non-affiliates at December 1, 2018, which was the date of the last business day of the registrant’s most recently completed second fiscal quarter, was $1,467,922,217.

As of July 19, 2019, 43,894,478 shares of the registrant’s Common Stock, $0.01 par value, and 4,800,000 shares of the registrant’s Class A Common Stock, $0.01 par value, were outstanding.

DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE

The information called for by Part III of this Form 10-K is incorporated herein by reference from the registrant’s Definitive Proxy Statement for its 2019 annual meeting of stockholders which will be filed pursuant to Regulation 14A not later than 120 days after the end of the fiscal year covered by this report.

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TABLE OF CONTENTS



Item		Page Number

	Part I

FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS		3
1.	Business	3
1A.	Risk Factors	9
1B.	Unresolved Staff Comments	15
2.	Properties	15
3.	Legal Proceedings	16
4.	Mine Safety Disclosures	18

	Part II

5.	Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities	18
6.	Selected Financial Data	21
7.	Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	22
7A.	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk	35
8.	Financial Statements and Supplementary Data	37
9.	Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure	67
9A.	Controls and Procedures	67
9B.	Other Information	70


	Part III

10.	Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance	70
11.	Executive Compensation	70
12.	Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters	70
13.	Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence	71
14.	Principal Accounting Fees and Services	71



	Part IV

15.	Exhibits, Financial Statement Schedules	71

	Signatures	73

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PART I.

FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

This report contains numerous forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933 (the “Securities Act”) and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (the “Exchange Act”) relating to our shell egg business, including estimated production data, expected operating schedules, expected capital costs and other operating data, including anticipated results of operations and financial condition. Such forward-looking statements are identified by the use of words such as “believes,” “intends,” “expects,” “hopes,” “may,” “should,” “plans,” “projected,” “contemplates,” “anticipates” or similar words. Actual production, operating schedules, results of operations and other projections and estimates could differ materially from those projected in the forward-looking statements. The forward-looking statements are based on management’s current intent, belief, expectations, estimates and projections regarding our company and our industry. These statements are not guarantees of future performance and involve risks, uncertainties, assumptions and other factors that are difficult to predict and might be beyond our control. The factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from those projected in the forward-looking statements include, among others, (i) the risk factors set forth in Item 1A and elsewhere in this report as well as those included in other reports we file from time to time with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) (including our Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q and Current Reports on Form 8-K), (ii) the risks and hazards inherent in the shell egg business (including disease, such as avian influenza, pests, weather conditions and potential for recall), (iii) changes in the demand for and market prices of shell eggs and feed costs, (iv) our ability to predict and meet demand for cage-free and other specialty eggs, (v) risks, changes or obligations that could result from our future acquisition of new flocks or businesses, and (vi) adverse results in pending litigation matters. Readers are cautioned not to place undue reliance on forward-looking statements because, while we believe the assumptions on which the forward-looking statements are based are reasonable, there can be no assurance these forward-looking statements will prove to be accurate. Further, the forward‑looking statements included herein are only made as of the respective dates thereof, or if no date is stated, as of the date hereof. Except as otherwise required by law, we disclaim any intent or obligation to publicly update these forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise.

ITEM 1. BUSINESS

Our Business

Cal-Maine Foods, Inc. (“we,” “us,” “our,” or the “Company”) is the largest producer and marketer of shell eggs in the United States. In fiscal 2019, we sold approximately 1,038.9 million dozen shell eggs, which we believe represented approximately 19% of domestic shell egg consumption. Our total flock of approximately 36.2 million layers and 9.4 million pullets and breeders is the largest in the U.S. Layers are mature female chickens, pullets are female chickens usually under 18 weeks of age, and breeders are male and female chickens used to produce fertile eggs to be hatched for egg production flocks.

The Company has one operating segment, which is the production, grading, packaging, marketing and distribution of shell eggs. The majority of our customers rely on us to provide most of their shell egg needs, including specialty and non-specialty eggs. Specialty eggs represent a broad range of products. We classify nutritionally enhanced, cage free, organic and brown eggs as specialty products for accounting and reporting purposes. We classify all other shell eggs as non-specialty products. While we report separate sales information for these egg types, there are many cost factors which are not specifically available for non-specialty or specialty eggs due to the nature of egg production. We manage our operations and allocate resources to these types of eggs on a consolidated basis based on the demands of our customers.

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We sell most of our shell eggs in the southwestern, southeastern, mid-western and mid-Atlantic regions of the U.S. through our extensive distribution network to a diverse group of customers, including national and regional grocery store chains, club stores, foodservice distributors and egg product consumers. Some of our sales are completed through co-pack agreements – a common practice in the industry whereby production and processing of certain products is outsourced to another producer. The strength of our position is evidenced by having the largest market share in the grocery segment for shell eggs. We sell shell eggs to a majority of large U.S. food retailers.

We are one of the largest producers and marketers in the U.S. of value-added specialty shell eggs, which have been a significant and growing segment of the market in recent years. A significant number of our food service customers, large restaurant chains, and major retailers, including our largest customers, have committed to exclusive offerings of cage-free eggs by specified future dates. We are working with our customers to ensure a smooth transition in meeting their goals. Our focus for future expansion at our farms will be environments that are cage-free or with equipment that can easily be converted to cage-free, based on a timeline to meet our customer’s needs.

In fiscal 2019, specialty shell eggs and co-pack specialty shell eggs represented 36.2% and 2.0% of our shell egg sales dollars, respectively, and accounted for approximately 23.8% and 1.3%, respectively, of our total shell egg volumes. In fiscal 2018, specialty shell eggs and co-pack specialty shell eggs represented 32.0% and 1.8% of our shell egg sales dollars, respectively, and accounted for approximately 23.5% and 1.3%, respectively, of our total shell egg volumes. Prices for specialty eggs are less volatile than non-specialty shell egg prices and are generally higher due to consumer willingness to pay for the perceived increased benefits from those products. We market our specialty shell eggs under the following brands: Egg-Land’s Best®, Land O’ Lakes®, Farmhouse®, and 4-Grain®. We are a member of the Egg-Land’s Best, Inc. (“EB”) cooperative and produce, market and distribute Egg-Land’s Best® and Land O’ Lakes® branded eggs, along with our associated joint ventures, under exclusive license agreements for a number of states in the southeast, south central, and southwest U.S. as well as the New York City area. We market cage-free eggs under our trademarked Farmhouse® brand and distribute them across the southeast and southwest regions of the U.S. We market organic, cage-free, vegetarian, and omega-3 eggs under our 4-Grain® brand. We also produce, market, and distribute private label specialty shell eggs to several customers.

We are a leader in industry consolidation. Since 1989, we have completed 21 acquisitions ranging in size from 160,000 layers to 7.5 million layers. Despite a market characterized by increasing consolidation, the shell egg production industry remains highly fragmented. According to Egg Industry magazine, at December 31, 2018, 60 producers, owning at least one million layers, owned approximately 98% of total industry layers. The ten largest producers owned approximately 53% of total industry layers. We believe industry consolidation will continue and we plan to capitalize on opportunities as they arise.

Industry Background

Based on historical consumption trends, we believe general demand for eggs increases in line with overall population growth, averaging about 2% per year. In 2013 and 2014, consumption of eggs grew approximately 2% per year. In 2015, egg consumption decreased approximately 4% over the prior year primarily due to a shortage of eggs resulting from an outbreak of avian influenza ("AI") in the spring of that year. In 2016, consumption rebounded increasing 7% over 2015 and 3% over the pre-shortage level of 2014. According to U.S. Department of Agriculture (“USDA”), annual per capita U.S. consumption since 2000 varied between 249 and 284 eggs. In calendar year 2018, per capita U.S. consumption was estimated to be 284 eggs, or approximately five eggs per person per week. Per capita consumption is determined by dividing the total supply of eggs by the entire population in the U.S. (i.e. all eggs supplied domestically by the egg industry are consumed).

Approximately 69% of eggs produced in the U.S. are sold as shell eggs. Shell egg sales are mostly to food service and retail consumers (e.g. through grocery and convenience stores) with a relatively small amount exported. The remaining 31% of eggs produced in the U.S. are sold as egg products (shell eggs broken and sold in liquid, frozen, or dried form) to institutions (e.g. companies producing baked goods). In both fiscal 2019 and 2018, approximately 3% of our net sales was egg products.

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Prices for Shell Eggs

Shell egg prices are a critical component of profitability for the Company and the industry as a whole. While there are many pricing mechanisms, we believe the majority of shell eggs sold in the U.S. in the retail and foodservice channels are sold at independently quoted wholesale market prices for shell eggs. We sell the majority of our non-specialty shell eggs at independently quoted wholesale market prices for shell eggs or formulas related to our costs of production which include the cost of corn and soybean meal. For fiscal 2019, wholesale large shell egg prices in the southeast region, as quoted by Urner Barry, averaged $1.23 compared with $1.49 for fiscal 2018 and $0.85 for fiscal 2017, evidencing their volatility. For additional information regarding shell egg prices, see “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” in Item 7 of Part II of this report.

Feed Costs for Shell Egg Production

Feed is a primary cost component in the production of shell eggs and represents over half of industry farm level production costs. Most shell egg producers, including us, are vertically integrated, manufacturing the majority of the feed required for their operations. Although feed ingredients, primarily corn and soybean meal, are available from a number of sources, prices for ingredients can fluctuate and are affected by weather, speculators, and various supply and demand factors. Our feed cost per dozen eggs produced for fiscal 2019 was 5.3% higher than fiscal 2018 primarily due to unfavorable crop conditions in the south-central U.S. which resulted in higher ingredient prices at some of our larger feed mill operations. Looking forward to 2020, grain prices are trending higher as historic rainfall and flooding through the early growing season are adversely affecting this year’s U.S. corn and soybean crops. However, ongoing uncertainties and geopolitical issues surrounding trade agreements and international tariffs have led to reduced exports and downward pressure on recent grain prices. As such, we expect our feed costs to be more volatile and potentially higher in fiscal 2020.

Growth Strategy and Acquisitions

For many years, we have pursued a growth strategy focused on the acquisition of existing shell egg production and processing facilities, as well as the construction of new and more efficient facilities. Since the beginning of fiscal 1989, we have completed 21 acquisitions. In addition, we have built numerous “in-line” shell egg production and processing facilities as well as pullet growing facilities which added to our capacity. This growth has allowed us to more effectively retire older and less efficient facilities without losing production capacity. The “in-line” facilities provide gathering, grading and packaging of shell eggs by less labor-intensive, more efficient, mechanical means. We continue to upgrade and modify our facilities, and invest in new facilities, to meet changing demand as many food service customers, restaurant chains, and retailers have committed to exclusive offerings of cage-free eggs over the next several years.

The construction of new, more efficient production and processing facilities is also an integral part of our growth strategy. Such construction requires compliance with applicable environmental laws and regulations, including the receipt of permits that could cause schedule delays, although we have not experienced any significant delays in the past.

Our total flock, including pullets, layers and breeders increased from approximately 40.8 million at the end of fiscal 2014 to approximately 45.6 million as of June 1, 2019. The dozens of shell eggs sold increased from approximately 1,013.7 million in fiscal 2014 to approximately 1,038.9 million for fiscal 2019.

We continue to pursue opportunities to acquire companies engaged in the production and sale of shell eggs. We will continue to evaluate and selectively pursue acquisitions that will expand our shell egg production capabilities in existing markets and broaden our geographic reach. We have extensive experience identifying, valuing, executing, and integrating acquisitions and we intend to leverage that experience in the evaluation and execution of future acquisitions. We will seek to acquire regional shell egg businesses with significant market share and long-standing customer relationships. We believe enhancing our national presence will help us further strengthen our relationships with existing customers, many of whom have operations across the U.S.

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Federal antitrust laws require regulatory approval of acquisitions that exceed certain threshold levels of significance, and we are subject to federal and state laws prohibiting anti-competitive conduct. We believe our sales of shell eggs during the last fiscal year represented approximately 19% of domestic shell egg sales, making us the largest producer and distributor of shell eggs in the U.S. However, because the shell egg production and distribution industry is so fragmented, we believe there are many acquisition opportunities available to us that would not be restricted pursuant to antitrust laws.

Through exclusive license agreements with EB in several key territories and our trademarked Farmhouse® and 4Grain® brands, we are a leading producer and marketer of value-added specialty shell eggs. We also produce, market, and distribute private label specialty shell eggs to several customers. Since selling prices of specialty shell eggs are generally less volatile than non-specialty shell egg prices, we believe growing our specialty eggs business will enhance the stability of our margins. We expect the price of specialty eggs to remain at a premium to regular shell eggs, and intend to grow our specialty shell egg business.

Shell Eggs

Production. Our operations are fully integrated. We hatch chicks, grow and maintain flocks of pullets, layers, and breeders, manufacture feed, and produce, process, package, and distribute shell eggs. We produce approximately 84% of our total shell eggs sold, with 91% of such production coming from company-owned facilities, and the other 9% coming from contract producers. Under a typical arrangement with a contract producer, we own the flock, furnish all feed and critical supplies, own the shell eggs produced and assume market risks. The contract producers own and operate their facilities and are paid a fee based on production with incentives for performance. We purchase approximately 16% of the total shell eggs we sell from outside producers.

The commercial production of shell eggs requires a source of baby chicks for laying flock replacement. We produce the majority of our chicks in our own hatcheries and obtain the balance from commercial sources. We own breeder and hatchery facilities capable of producing 21.2 million pullet chicks per year in a computer-controlled environment. These pullets are distributed to 43 laying operations around the southwestern, southeastern, mid-western and mid-Atlantic regions of the U.S.

Our facilities produce an average of 2.4 million dozen shell eggs per day. The shell eggs are processed, graded and packaged predominantly without handling by human hands. We have spent a cumulative total of $312.7 million over the past five years to expand and upgrade our facilities with the most advanced equipment and technology available in our industry. We believe our constant attention to production efficiencies and focus on automation throughout the supply chain enables us to be a low cost supplier in all the markets in which we compete.

Feed cost represents the largest element of our farm egg production cost, ranging from 57% to 62% of total farm production cost in the last five fiscal years. Although feed ingredients are available from a number of sources, we have little, if any, control over the prices of the ingredients we purchase, which are affected by weather, speculators, and various supply and demand factors. For example, the severe drought in the summer of 2012 and resulting damage to the national corn and soybean crop resulted in high and volatile feed costs. Increases in feed costs unaccompanied by increases in the selling price of eggs can have a material adverse effect on our operations. High feed costs can encourage shell egg producers to reduce production, resulting in higher egg prices. Alternatively, low feed costs can encourage industry overproduction, possibly resulting in lower egg prices.

After the eggs are produced, they are graded and packaged. Substantially all of our farms have modern “in-line” facilities to mechanically gather, grade and package the eggs produced. The increased use of in-line facilities has generated significant cost savings compared to the cost of eggs produced from non-in-line facilities. In addition to greater efficiency, the in-line facilities produce a higher percentage of USDA Grade A eggs, which sell at higher prices. Eggs produced on farms owned by contractors are brought to our processing plants to be graded and packaged. Since shell eggs are perishable, we maintain very low egg inventories, usually consisting of approximately four days of production.

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Egg production activities are subject to risks inherent in the agriculture industry, such as weather conditions and disease. These risks are outside our control and could have a material adverse effect on our operations. The marketability of shell eggs is subject to risks such as possible changes in food consumption preferences and practices reflecting perceived health concerns.

We operate in a cyclical industry with total demand that is generally steady and a product that is generally price-inelastic. Thus, small increases in production or decreases in demand can have a large adverse effect on prices and vice-versa.

Marketing. Of the 1,038.9 million dozen shell eggs sold by us in fiscal 2019, our flocks produced 876.7 million.

We sell our shell eggs to a diverse group of customers, including national and local grocery store chains, club stores, foodservice distributors, and egg product consumers. We utilize electronic ordering and invoicing systems that enable us to manage inventory for certain customers. Our top ten customers accounted for an aggregate of 69.8%, 69.4%, and 69.5% of net sales dollars for fiscal 2019, 2018, and 2017, respectively. Two customers, Wal-Mart Stores and Sam’s Club, on a combined basis, accounted for 33.7%, 33.2%, and 28.9% of net sales dollars during fiscal 2019, 2018, and 2017, respectively.

The majority of eggs sold are sold based on the daily or short-term needs of our customers. Most sales to established accounts are on open account with payment terms ranging from seven to 30 days. Although we have established long-term relationships with many of our customers, many of them are free to acquire shell eggs from other sources.

The shell eggs we sell are either delivered to our customers’ warehouse or retail stores, either by our own fleet or contracted refrigerated delivery trucks, or are picked up by our customers at our processing facilities.

We sell our shell eggs at prices generally related to independently quoted wholesale market prices or at formulas related to our costs of production. Wholesale prices are subject to wide fluctuations. The prices of shell eggs reflect fluctuations in the quoted market and changes in corn and soybean meal prices, and the results of our shell egg operations are materially affected by changes in market quotations and feed costs. Egg prices reflect a number of economic conditions, such as the supply of eggs and the demand level, which, in turn, are influenced by a number of factors we cannot control. No representation can be made as to the future level of prices.

According to USDA reports, for the past five years, U.S. annual per capita egg consumption grew from 256 in 2015 to 284 in 2018. Looking ahead, we believe fast food restaurant consumption, high protein diet trends, industry advertising campaigns, and improved nutritional reputation of eggs related to better scientific understanding of the role of cholesterol in diets may result in increased per capita egg consumption levels; however, no assurance can be given that per capita consumption will not decline in the future.

We sell the majority of our shell eggs across the southwestern, southeastern, mid-western and mid-Atlantic regions of the U.S. We are a major factor in egg marketing in a majority of these states. Many states in our market area are egg deficit regions where production of fresh shell eggs is less than total consumption. Competition from other producers in specific market areas is generally based on price, service, and quality of product. Strong competition exists in each of our markets.

Seasonality. Retail sales of shell eggs are greatest during the fall and winter months and lowest during the summer months. Prices for shell eggs fluctuate in response to seasonal demand factors and a natural increase in egg production during the spring and early summer. We generally experience lower sales and net income in our fourth and first fiscal quarters ending in May/June and August/September, respectively. During the past ten fiscal years, three of our first quarters resulted in net operating losses, and during this same period, three of our fourth quarters resulted in net operating losses.

Specialty Eggs. We produce specialty eggs such as Egg-Land’s Best®, Land O’ Lakes®, 4Grain®, and Farmhouse®

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branded eggs. Specialty eggs are intended to meet the demands of consumers who are sensitive to environmental, health and/or animal welfare issues. Specialty shell eggs are becoming a more significant segment of the shell egg market. During recent years an increasing number of large restaurant chains, food service companies and grocery chains, including our largest customers, announced goals to transition to a cage-free egg supply chain by specified future dates. For fiscal 2019, specialty eggs accounted for 36.2% of our shell egg dollar sales and 23.8% of our shell egg dozens sold, as compared to 32.0% of shell egg dollar sales and 23.5% of shell egg dozens sold in fiscal 2018. Additionally, specialty eggs sold through our co-pack arrangements accounted for an additional 2.0% of shell egg dollar sales and 1.3% of shell egg dozens sold in fiscal 2019, compared with 1.8% of shell egg dollar sales and 1.3% of shell egg dozens sold in fiscal 2018. We produce and process Egg-Land’s Best® and Land O’ Lakes® branded eggs under license from EB at our facilities under EB guidelines. The product is marketed to our established base of customers at premium prices compared to non-specialty shell eggs. Egg-Land’s Best® branded eggs accounted for approximately 19.2% of our shell egg dollar sales in fiscal 2019, compared to 17.7% in fiscal 2018. Based on dozens sold, Egg-Land’s Best® branded eggs accounted for 12.8% of dozens sold for fiscal 2019, compared to 13.2% in fiscal 2018. Land O’ Lakes® branded eggs are produced by hens that are fed a whole grain diet, free of animal fat and animal by-products. Farmhouse® brand eggs are produced at our facilities by cage-free hens that are provided with a diet of all grain, vegetarian feed. We market organic, wholesome, cage-free, vegetarian, and omega-3 eggs under our 4-Grain® brand, which consists of both caged and cage-free eggs. Farmhouse®, Land O’ Lakes®, 4Grain® and other non-Egg-Land’s Best® specialty eggs accounted for 17.0% of our shell egg dollar sales in fiscal 2019, compared to 14.3% in fiscal 2018, and 11.1% of dozens sold for fiscal 2019, compared to 10.4% for fiscal 2018.

Egg Products. Egg products are shell eggs broken and sold in liquid, frozen, or dried form. In fiscal 2019 and 2018, egg products represented approximately 3% of our net sales. We sell egg products primarily into the institutional and food service sectors in the U.S. Our egg products are sold through our wholly owned subsidiary American Egg Products, LLC located in Blackshear, Georgia and our majority owned subsidiary Texas Egg Products, LLC located in Waelder, Texas. Prices for egg products are generally related to independently quoted market prices or formulas.

Competition. The production, processing, and distribution of shell eggs is an intensely competitive business, which traditionally has attracted large numbers of producers. Shell egg competition is generally based on price, service, and product quality.

The U.S. shell egg industry remains highly fragmented but is characterized by a growing concentration of producers. In 2018, 60 producers with one million or more layers owned 98% of the 337.9 million total U.S. layers, compared to 2000, when 63 producers with one million or more layers owned 79% of the 273 million total layers, and 1990, when 56 producers with one million or more layers owned 64% of the 232 million total layers. We believe a continuation of the concentration trend will result in reduced cyclicality of shell egg prices, but no assurance can be given in that regard. A continuation of this trend could also create greater competition among fewer producers.

Patents and Trade Names. We own the trademarks Farmhouse®, Sunups®, Sunny Meadow® and 4Grain®. We do not own any patents or proprietary technologies. We produce and market Egg-Land's Best® and Land O’ Lakes® branded eggs under license agreements with EB. We believe these trademarks and license agreements are important to our business. We do not know of any infringing uses that would materially affect the use of these trademarks, and we actively defend and enforce them.

Government Regulation. Our facilities and operations are subject to regulation by various federal, state, and local agencies, including, but not limited to, the United States Food and Drug Administration (“FDA”), USDA, Environmental Protection Agency (“EPA”), Occupational Safety and Health Administration and corresponding state agencies or laws. The applicable regulations relate to grading, quality control, labeling, sanitary control and reuse or disposal of waste. Our shell egg facilities are subject to periodic USDA, FDA and EPA inspections. Our feed production facilities are subject to FDA regulation and inspections. We maintain our own inspection program to ensure compliance with our own standards and customer specifications. There can be no assurance that we will not be required to incur significant costs for compliance with such statutes and regulations. In the future, additional rules could be proposed that, if adopted, could increase our costs.

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Environmental Regulation. Our operations and facilities are subject to various federal, state, and local environmental, health and safety laws and regulations governing, among other things, the generation, storage, handling, use, transportation, disposal, and remediation of hazardous materials. Under these laws and regulations, we are required to obtain permits from governmental authorities, including, but not limited to, wastewater discharge permits. We have made, and will continue to make, capital and other expenditures relating to compliance with existing environmental, health and safety laws and regulations and permits. We are not currently aware of any major capital expenditures necessary to comply with such laws and regulations; however, because environmental, health and safety laws and regulations are becoming increasingly more stringent, including those relating to animal wastes and wastewater discharges, there can be no assurance that we will not be required to incur significant costs for compliance with such laws and regulations in the future.

Employees. As of June 1, 2019, we had 3,490 employees, of whom 2,945 worked in egg production, processing and marketing, 165 worked in feed mill operations and 380 were administrative employees, including our executive officers. Approximately 5.1% of our personnel are part-time. None of our employees are covered by a collective bargaining agreement. We consider our relations with employees to be good.

Our Corporate Information

We were founded in 1957 in Jackson, Mississippi. We were incorporated in Delaware in 1969. Our principal executive office is located at 3320 W. Woodrow Wilson Avenue, Jackson, Mississippi 39209. The telephone number of our principal executive office is (601) 948-6813. We maintain a website at www.calmainefoods.com where general information about our business is available. The information contained in our website is not a part of this document. Our Annual Reports on Form 10-K, our Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q, our Current Reports on Form 8-K, Forms 3, 4 and 5 ownership reports, and all amendments to those reports are available, free of charge, through our website as soon as reasonably practicable after they are filed with the SEC. Information concerning corporate governance matters is also available on our website.

Our Common Stock is listed on The NASDAQ Global Select Market (“NASDAQ”) under the symbol “CALM.” On May 31, 2019, the last sale price of our Common Stock on NASDAQ was $37.02 per share. Our fiscal year 2019 ended June 1, 2019, and the first three fiscal quarters of fiscal 2019 ended September 1, 2018, December 1, 2018, and March 2, 2019. All references herein to a fiscal year means our fiscal year and all references to a year mean a calendar year.

ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS

Our business and results of operations are subject to numerous risks and uncertainties, many of which are beyond our control. The following is a description of the known factors that may materially affect our business, financial condition or results of operations. They should be considered carefully, in addition to the information set forth elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K, including under Item 7. “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations,” in making any investment decisions with respect to our securities. Additional risks or uncertainties that are not currently known to us, that we currently deem to be immaterial or that could apply to any company could also materially adversely affect our business, financial condition or results of operations.

Market prices of wholesale shell eggs are volatile and decreases in these prices can adversely impact our results of operations.

Our operating results are significantly affected by wholesale shell egg market prices, which fluctuate widely and are outside our control. As a result, our prior performance should not be presumed to be an accurate indication of future performance. Small increases in production, or small decreases in demand, can have a large adverse effect on shell egg prices. Low shell egg prices adversely effect our revenues and profits.

Market prices for wholesale shell eggs have been volatile. Shell egg prices trended upward from calendar 2002 until late 2003 and early 2004 when they rose to then historical highs. In the early fall of calendar 2004, the demand trend

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related to the increased popularity of high protein diets faded dramatically and prices fell. During the time of increased demand, the egg industry geared up to produce more eggs, resulting in an oversupply of eggs. After calendar 2006, supplies were more closely balanced with demand and egg prices again reached record levels in 2007 and 2008. Egg prices had subsequently retreated from those record price levels due to increases in industry supply before reaching new highs in 2014. In 2015, egg prices rose again in large part due to a decrease in supply caused by the avian influenza outbreak in the upper Midwestern U.S. from April to June 2015. While the AI outbreak significantly impacted the supply and prices of eggs, there were no positive tests for AI at any of our locations. The average Urner-Barry Thursday prices for the large market (i.e. generic shell eggs) in the southeastern region for the months of June through November 2015 was $2.32 per dozen, with a peak of $2.97 during August. Subsequent to November 2015, shell egg prices declined. The Urner Barry price index hit a decade-low level in both our fiscal 2016 fourth quarter and fiscal 2017 second quarter. In fiscal 2018, non-specialty shell egg prices rebounded significantly due to strong demand before falling again in fiscal 2019 based on oversupply issues. These fluctuations illustrate the volatility of our industry.

Shell egg prices are impacted by seasonal fluctuations. Retail sales of shell eggs are greatest during the fall and winter months and lowest in the summer months. Prices for shell eggs fluctuate in response to seasonal factors and a natural increase in shell egg production during the spring and early summer. Shell egg prices tend to increase with the start of the school year and are highest prior to holiday periods, particularly Thanksgiving, Christmas and Easter. Consequently, we generally experience lower sales and net income in our first and fourth fiscal quarters ending in August/September and May/June, respectively. As a result of these seasonal and quarterly fluctuations, comparisons of our sales and operating results between different quarters within a single fiscal year are not necessarily meaningful comparisons.

A decline in consumer demand for shell eggs can negatively impact our business.

We believe fast food restaurant consumption, high protein diet trends, industry advertising campaigns, and improved nutritional reputation of eggs related to better scientific understanding of the role of cholesterol in diets have all contributed to shell egg demand. However, there can be no assurance that the demand for shell eggs will not decline in the future. Adverse publicity relating to health concerns and changes in the perception of the nutritional value of shell eggs, as well as movement away from high protein diets, could adversely affect demand for shell eggs, which would have a material adverse effect on our future results of operations and financial condition.

Feed costs are volatile and increases in these costs can adversely impact our results of operations.

Feed cost represents the largest element of our shell egg (farm) production cost, ranging from 57% to 62% of total farm production cost in the last five fiscal years. Although feed ingredients are available from a number of sources, we have little, if any, control over the prices of the ingredients we purchase, which are affected by weather, speculators, various supply and demand factors, transportation and storage costs, and agricultural and energy policies in the U.S. and internationally. For example, the severe drought in the summer of 2012 and resulting damage to the national corn and soybean crops resulted in high and volatile feed costs. Increases in feed costs unaccompanied by increases in the selling price of eggs can have a material adverse effect on the results of our operations. Alternatively, low feed costs can encourage industry overproduction, possibly resulting in lower egg prices.

Due to the cyclical nature of our business, our financial results fluctuate from year to year and between different quarters within a single fiscal year.

The shell egg industry has traditionally been subject to periods of high profitability followed by periods of significant loss. In the past, during periods of high profitability, shell egg producers tended to increase the number of layers in production with a resulting increase in the supply of shell eggs, which generally caused a drop in shell egg prices until supply and demand returned to balance. As a result, our financial results from year to year vary significantly. Additionally, as a result of seasonal fluctuations, our financial results fluctuate significantly between different quarters within a single fiscal year.

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We purchase a portion of the shell eggs we sell from outside producers and our ability to obtain such eggs at prices and in quantities acceptable to us could fluctuate.

We produced approximately 84% of the total number of shell eggs we sold in fiscal 2019 and fiscal 2018, and purchased the remainder from other producers. As the wholesale price for shell eggs increases, our cost to acquire shell eggs from other producers increases. There can be no assurance that we will be able to continue to acquire shell eggs from other producers in sufficient quantities and satisfactory prices, and our inability to do so may have a material adverse effect on our business and profitability.

Our acquisition growth strategy subjects us to various risks.

We plan to continue to pursue a growth strategy, which includes acquisitions of other companies engaged in the production and sale of shell eggs. Acquisitions require capital resources and can divert management’s attention from our existing business. Acquisitions also entail an inherent risk that we could become subject to contingent or other liabilities, including liabilities arising from events or conduct prior to our acquisition of a business that were unknown to us at the time of acquisition. We could incur significantly greater expenditures in integrating an acquired business than we anticipated at the time of its purchase. We cannot assure you that we:


•	will identify suitable acquisition candidates;


•	can consummate acquisitions on acceptable terms;


•	can successfully integrate an acquired business into our operations; or


•	can successfully manage the operations of an acquired business.

No assurance can be given that companies we acquire in the future will contribute positively to our results of operations or financial condition. In addition, federal antitrust laws require regulatory approval of acquisitions that exceed certain threshold levels of significance.

The consideration we pay in connection with any acquisition also affects our financial results. If we pay cash, we could be required to use a portion of our available cash to consummate the acquisition. To the extent we issue shares of our Common Stock, existing stockholders may be diluted. In addition, acquisitions may result in the incurrence of debt.

Our largest customers have historically accounted for a significant portion of our net sales volume. Accordingly, our business may be adversely affected by the loss of, or reduced purchases by, one or more of our large customers.

For the fiscal years 2019, 2018, and 2017, two customers, Wal-Mart Stores and Sam’s Clubs, on a combined basis, accounted for 33.7%, 33.2%, and 28.9% of our net sales dollars, respectively. For fiscal years 2019, 2018, and 2017, our top ten customers accounted for 69.8%, 69.4%, and 69.5% of net sales dollars, respectively. Although we have established long-term relationships with most of our customers, who continue to purchase from us based on our ability to service their needs, they are free to acquire shell eggs from other sources. If, for any reason, one or more of our large customers were to purchase significantly less of our shell eggs in the future or terminate their purchases from us, and we are not able to sell our shell eggs to new customers at comparable levels, it would have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, and results of operations.

Failure to comply with applicable governmental regulations, including environmental regulations, could harm our operating results, financial condition, and reputation. Further, we may incur significant costs to comply with any such regulations.

We are subject to federal, state and local regulations relating to grading, quality control, labeling, sanitary control, waste disposal, and other areas of our business. As a fully-integrated shell egg producer, our shell egg facilities are subject to regulation and inspection by the USDA, EPA, and FDA, as well as regulation by various state and local health and agricultural agencies, among others. All of our shell egg production and feed mill facilities are subject to

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FDA regulation and inspections. In addition, rules are often proposed that, if adopted as proposed, could increase our costs.

Our operations and facilities are subject to various federal, state and local environmental, health, and safety laws and regulations governing, among other things, the generation, storage, handling, use, transportation, disposal, and remediation of hazardous materials. Under these laws and regulations, we are required to obtain permits from governmental authorities, including, but not limited to pollution/wastewater discharge permits.

If we fail to comply with an applicable law or regulation, or fail to obtain necessary permits, we could be subject to significant fines and penalties or other sanctions, our reputation could be harmed, and our operating results and financial condition could be materially adversely affected. In addition, because these laws and regulations are becoming increasingly more stringent, there can be no assurance that we will not be required to incur significant costs for compliance with such laws and regulations in the future.

Shell eggs and shell egg products are susceptible to microbial contamination, and we may be required to or voluntarily recall contaminated products.

Shell eggs and shell egg products are vulnerable to contamination by pathogens such as Salmonella. Shipment of contaminated products, even if inadvertent, could result in a violation of law and lead to increased risk of exposure to product liability claims, product recalls and increased scrutiny by federal and state regulatory agencies. In addition, products purchased from other producers could contain contaminants that might be inadvertently redistributed by us. As such, we might decide or be required to recall a product if we or regulators believe it poses a potential health risk. We do not maintain insurance to cover recall losses. Any product recall could result in a loss of consumer confidence in our products, adversely affect our reputation with existing and potential customers and have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition.

Agricultural risks, including outbreaks of avian disease, could harm our business.

Our shell egg production activities are subject to a variety of agricultural risks. Unusual or extreme weather conditions, disease and pests can materially and adversely affect the quality and quantity of shell eggs we produce and distribute. The Company maintains controls and procedures to reduce the risk of exposing our flocks to harmful diseases. Despite our efforts, outbreaks of avian disease can still occur and may adversely impact the health of our flocks. An outbreak of avian disease could have a material adverse impact on our financial results by increasing government restrictions on the sale and distribution of our products. Negative publicity from an outbreak within our industry can negatively impact customer perception, even if the outbreak does not directly impact our flocks. If a substantial portion of our production facilities are affected by any of these factors in any given quarter or year, our business, financial condition, and results of operations could be materially and adversely affected.

From April through June 2015, our industry experienced a significant avian influenza outbreak, primarily in the upper Midwestern U.S. Based on several published industry estimates, we believe approximately 12% of the national flock of laying hens was affected. The affected laying hens were either destroyed by the disease or euthanized. The effect this outbreak had on our industry and our company is discussed throughout this report. There have been no positive tests for avian influenza at any of our locations. We have significantly increased the biosecurity measures at all of our facilities; however we cannot be certain that our flocks will not be affected by AI or other diseases in the future.

Our business is highly competitive.

The production and sale of fresh shell eggs, which accounted for virtually all of our net sales in recent years, is intensely competitive. We compete with a large number of competitors that may prove to be more successful than we are in marketing and selling shell eggs. We cannot provide assurance that we will be able to compete successfully with any or all of these companies. In addition, increased competition could result in price reductions, greater cyclicality, reduced margins and loss of market share, which would negatively affect our business, results of operations, and financial condition.

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Pressure from animal rights groups regarding the treatment of animals may subject us to additional costs to conform our practices to comply with developing standards or subject us to marketing costs to defend challenges to our current practices and protect our image with our customers.

We and many of our customers face pressure from animal rights groups, such as People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals ("PETA"), and the Humane Society of the United States ("HSUS"), to require all companies that supply food products operate their business in a manner that treats animals in conformity with certain standards developed or approved by these animal rights groups. The standards typically require minimum cage space for hens, among other requirements, but some of these groups have made legislative efforts to ban any form of caged housing in various states. California’s Proposition 2 and Assembly Bill 1437 was effective January 1, 2015, and did increase the cost of production in that State and for producers who sell there. Additionally, in calendar 2018, California voters approved a referendum that mandates, over a period of time, that all egg production in California must be cage-free with specific space requirements for laying hens. The referendum also requires that all eggs and egg products sold in the state of California must be cage-free by 2022. This referendum could affect sourcing and production of eggs in California, which would create uncertainty surrounding supply and pricing in other areas of the country. In recent years, many large restaurant chains, food service companies and grocery chains, including our largest customers, announced goals to transition to a cage-free egg supply chain by specified future dates. Changing our procedures and infrastructure to conform to these types of laws or anticipated customer demand for these types of guidelines has resulted and will continue to result in additional costs to our internal production of shell eggs, including capital and operating cost increases from housing and husbandry practices and modification of existing or construction of new facilities, and the increased cost for us to purchase shell eggs from our outside suppliers. While some of the increased costs have been passed on to our customers, we cannot provide assurance that we can continue to pass on these costs, or additional costs we will incur, in the future.

We are dependent on our management team, and the loss of any key member of this team may adversely affect the implementation of our business plan in a timely manner.

Our success depends largely upon the continued service of our senior management team. The loss or interruption of service of one or more of our key executive officers could adversely affect our ability to manage our operations effectively and/or pursue our growth strategy. We have not entered into any employment or non-compete agreements with any of our executive officers nor do we carry any significant key-man life insurance coverage on any such persons.

We are controlled by the family of our founder, Fred R. Adams, Jr. and, after the death of Mr. Adams, we expect to be controlled by Adolphus B. Baker, our Chief Executive Officer and Chairman of the Board.

Fred R. Adams, Jr., our Founder and Chairman Emeritus, his spouse Mrs. Jean Adams and his son-in-law, Adolphus B. Baker, our Chief Executive Officer and Chairman of the Board beneficially own, directly or indirectly through related entities, 100% of our outstanding Class A Common Stock, controlling approximately 52.3% of the total voting power of the Company. Additionally, such persons also have additional voting power due to beneficial ownership of Common Stock, directly or indirectly through related entities, resulting in family voting control of approximately 65.5% of the total voting power of the Company.

Mr. Baker and Mrs. Adams share voting power over 100% of the Class A Common Stock and Mr. Adams’ beneficially owned Common Stock, and we expect that the Company will continue to be controlled by Mrs. Adams and Mr. Baker, acting jointly, until Mr. Adams' death. After Mr. Adams’ death, we expect there will be a change of control of the Company to Mr. Baker as the sole managing member of the limited liability company that owns all of the outstanding shares of Class A Common Stock.

We are and, after Mr. Adams’ death we expect to continue to be, a “controlled company” as defined in the NASDAQ’s listing standards. Accordingly, we are and we expect to continue to be exempt from certain requirements of NASDAQ’s corporate governance listing standards, including the requirement to maintain a majority of independent directors on our board of directors and the requirements regarding the determination of compensation of executive officers and nomination of directors by independent directors.

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We understand that the Adams and Baker families intend to retain ownership of a sufficient amount of Common Stock and Class A Common Stock to assure continued ownership of more than 50% of the voting power of our outstanding shares of capital stock. Such ownership will make an unsolicited acquisition of the Company more difficult and discourage certain types of transactions involving a change of control of our Company, including transactions in which the holders of Common Stock might otherwise receive a premium for their shares over then current market prices. The Adams and Baker families’ controlling ownership of our capital stock may adversely affect the market price of our Common Stock.

Sales, or the availability for sale, of substantial amounts of our Common Stock could adversely affect the market price of our Common Stock.

Following the death of Mr. Adams we expect that Mrs. Adams and Mr. Adams’ daughters, and certain other related entities (the “Stockholder Parties”), will hold approximately 12 million shares of Common Stock that are subject to an Agreement Regarding Common Stock (the "Subject Shares"), which Agreement is an exhibit to this report.

Pursuant to the Agreement Regarding Common Stock, the Company filed a Shelf Registration Statement and Prospectus dated October 9, 2018, pursuant to which these common shares will be eligible for sale in the amounts and on the terms described in the Agreement Regarding Common Stock. We anticipate that the Stockholder Parties would desire to sell a total of approximately 6.0 million shares of Common Stock in initial sales under the Shelf Registration Statement following Mr. Adams’ death.

The Agreement Regarding Common Stock provides that if any Stockholder Party intends to sell any of the Subject Shares, such party must give the Company a right of first refusal to purchase all or any of such shares. The price payable by the Company to purchase shares pursuant to the exercise of the right of first refusal will reflect a 6% discount to the then-current market price based on the 20 business-day volume weighted average price. If the Company does not exercise its right of first refusal and purchase the shares offered, such Stockholder Party will, subject to the approval of a special committee of independent directors of the Board of Directors, be permitted to sell the shares not purchased by the Company pursuant to a Company registration statement, Rule 144 under the Securities Act of 1933, or another manner of sale agreed to by the Company.

Although pursuant to the Agreement Regarding Common Stock the Company will have a right of first refusal to purchase all or any of those shares, the Company may elect not to exercise its rights of first refusal and if so such shares would be eligible for sale pursuant to the foregoing registration rights or pursuant to Rule 144 under the Securities Act of 1933. Sales, or the availability for sale, of a large number of shares of our Common Stock could result in a decline in the market price of our Common Stock.

Current and future litigation could expose us to significant liabilities and adversely affect our business reputation.

We and certain of our subsidiaries are involved in various legal proceedings. Litigation is inherently unpredictable, and although we believe we have meaningful defenses in these matters, we may incur judgments or enter into settlements of claims that could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations, cash flow and financial condition. For a discussion of legal proceedings see Item 3 below. Such lawsuits are expensive to defend, divert management’s attention, and may result in significant judgments or settlements. Legal proceedings may expose us to negative publicity, which could adversely affect our business reputation and customer preference for our products and brands.

Impairment in the carrying value of goodwill or other assets could negatively affect our results of operations or net worth.

Goodwill represents the excess of the cost of business acquisitions over the fair value of the identifiable net assets acquired. Goodwill is reviewed at least annually for impairment by assessing qualitative factors to determine whether the existence of events or circumstances leads to a determination that it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount. As of June 1, 2019, we had $35.5 million of goodwill. While we believe

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the current carrying value of this goodwill is not impaired, any future goodwill impairment charges could adversely affect our results of operations in any particular period or our net worth.

The loss of any registered trademark or other intellectual property could enable other companies to compete more effectively with us.

We utilize intellectual property in our business. For example, we own the trademarks Farmhouse®, Sunups®, Sunny Meadow® and 4Grain®. We produce and market Egg-Land’s Best® and Land O’ Lakes® under license agreements with EB. We have invested a significant amount of money in establishing and promoting our trademarked brands. The loss or expiration of any intellectual property could enable other companies to compete more effectively with us by allowing our competitors to make and sell products substantially similar to those we offer. This could negatively impact our ability to produce and sell the associated products, thereby adversely affecting our operations.

Extreme weather, natural disasters or other events beyond our control could negatively impact our business.

Fire, bioterrorism, pandemic, extreme weather or natural disasters, including droughts, floods, excessive cold or heat, hurricanes or other storms, could impair the health or growth of our flocks, production or availability of feed ingredients, or interfere with our operations due to power outages, fuel shortages, discharges from overtopped or breached wastewater treatment lagoons, damage to our production and processing facilities or disruption of transportation channels, among other things. Any of these factors could have a material adverse effect on our financial results.

Failure of our information technology systems or software, or a security breach of those systems, could adversely affect our day-to-day operations and decision making processes and have an adverse effect on our performance.

The efficient operation of our business depends on our information technology systems. We rely on our information technology systems to effectively manage our business data, communications, logistics, accounting and other business processes. If we do not allocate and effectively manage the resources necessary to build and sustain an appropriate technology environment, our business or financial results could be negatively impacted. In addition, our information technology systems may be vulnerable to damage or interruption from circumstances beyond our control, including systems failures, viruses, ransomware, security breaches or cyber incidents such as intentional cyber-attacks aimed at theft of sensitive data or inadvertent cyber-security compromises.

A security breach of such information could result in damage to our reputation and negatively impact our relations with our customers or employees. Any such damage or interruption could have a material adverse effect on our business.

We currently participate in several joint ventures and may participate in other joint ventures in the future. We could be adversely affected if any of our joint venture partners are unable or unwilling to fulfill their obligations or if we have disagreements with any of our joint venture partners that are not satisfactorily resolved.

We currently have investments in and commitments to several joint ventures and we may participate in other joint ventures in the future. Under existing joint venture agreements, we and our joint venture partners could be required to, among other things, provide guarantees of obligations or contribute additional capital and we may have little or no control over the amount or timing of these obligations. If our joint venture partners are unable or unwilling to fulfill their obligations or if we have any unresolved disagreements with our joint venture partners, we may be required to fulfill those obligations alone, expend additional resources to continue development of projects, or we may be required to write down our investments at amounts that could be significant.

ITEM 1B. UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS

None.

ITEM 2. PROPERTIES

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We operate farms, processing plants, hatcheries, feed mills, warehouses, offices and other properties located in Alabama, Arkansas, Florida, Georgia, Kansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Mississippi, North Carolina, Ohio, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas and Utah. As of June 1, 2019, the facilities included three breeding facilities, two hatcheries, six wholesale distribution centers, 23 feed mills, 42 shell egg production facilities, 28 pullet growing facilities, 43 processing and packing facilities, and one egg products facility. We also own a significant interest in a company that owns an egg products facility, which is consolidated in our financial statements. Most of our operations are conducted from properties we own.

As of June 1, 2019, we owned approximately 27,458 acres of land in various locations throughout our geographic market area. We have the ability to hatch 21.2 million pullet chicks annually, grow 26.2 million pullets annually, house 44.4 million laying hens, and control the production of 40.3 million layers, with the remainder controlled by contract growers. We own mills that can produce 766 tons of feed per hour, and processing facilities capable of processing approximately 500,000 dozen shell eggs per hour.

Over the past five fiscal years, our capital expenditures, excluding acquisitions of shell egg production and processing facilities from others, have totaled an aggregate amount of approximately $312.7 million.

ITEM 3. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS

Egg Antitrust Litigation

On September 25, 2008, the Company was named as one of several defendants in numerous antitrust cases involving the United States shell egg industry. The cases were consolidated into In re: Processed Egg Products Antitrust Litigation, No. 2:08-md-02002-GP, in the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania (the “District Court”), in three groups of cases - the “Direct Purchaser Putative Class Action”, the “Indirect Purchaser Putative Class Action” and the “Non-Class Cases.”

The Direct Purchaser Putative Class Action. The named plaintiffs in these cases alleged that they purchased eggs or egg products directly from a defendant and sued on behalf of themselves and a putative class of others who claimed to be similarly situated. As previously reported, in November 2014, the District Court approved the Company’s settlement with the direct purchaser plaintiff class and entered final judgment dismissing with prejudice the class members’ claims against the Company.

The Indirect Purchaser Putative Class Action. The named plaintiffs in these cases are individuals or companies who allege that they purchased shell eggs indirectly from one or more of the defendants - that is, they purchased from retailers that had previously purchased from defendants or other parties - and sued on behalf of themselves and a putative class of others who claim to be similarly situated. The District Court denied the indirect purchaser plaintiffs’ motion for class certification. On June 28, 2018, the Company entered into a settlement agreement with the indirect purchaser plaintiffs, for an immaterial amount, and on July 17, 2018, the Court entered an order dismissing all indirect purchaser plaintiffs’ claims against the Company and other defendants.

The Non-Class Cases. In the remaining cases, the named plaintiffs allege that they purchased shell eggs and egg products directly from one or more of the defendants but sue only for their own alleged damages and not on behalf of a putative class. On April 4, 2018, the Court entered a final judgement dismissing all claims against the Company brought by the following non-class plaintiffs: The Kroger Co.; Publix Super Markets, Inc.; SUPERVALU, Inc.; Safeway, Inc.; Albertsons LLC; H.E. Butt Grocery Co.; The Great Atlantic & Pacific Tea Company, Inc.; Walgreen Co.; Hy-Vee, Inc.; and Giant Eagle, Inc., with prejudice, pursuant to the Company’s previously announced $80.8 million settlement with the named plaintiffs.

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Products Plaintiffs seek treble damages and injunctive relief under the Sherman Act and are attacking certain features of the UEP animal-welfare guidelines and program used by the Company and many other egg producers. On September 6, 2016, the District Court granted defendants’ motion for summary judgment and dismissed with prejudice all claims based on the purchase of egg products. That ruling was appealed to the United States Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit, and on January 22, 2018, the Third Circuit reversed the District Court’s grant of summary judgment and remanded the case to the District Court. Even though the appealing egg-products plaintiffs had asked the Third Circuit to remand the case for trial, the Third Circuit declined, instead remanding the case for further proceedings, including the suggestion that the District Court determine whether the egg-products plaintiffs had sufficient evidence of causation and damages to submit the case to a jury. On March 5, 2018, defendants filed a motion in the District Court seeking leave to file a motion for summary judgment in light of the remand statements in the Third Circuit’s opinion. The Egg Products Plaintiffs opposed that motion, and on March 26, 2018, the defendants filed a reply in support of the motion. On July 16, 2018, the court granted the defendants’ motion for leave and on August 17, 2018, defendants filed their motions for summary judgment and requested oral argument. The plaintiffs filed their responses on September 21, 2018, and sur-replies on October 19, 2018, and the defendants filed their replies on October 12, 2018. On December 19, 2018, the District Court heard oral argument on the renewed motions for summary judgment, and on June 11, 2019, denied the defendants’ motions for summary judgement. On July 2, 2019, the Egg Products Plaintiffs filed a motion seeking to have the case remanded to federal court in Chicago, where it was initially filed, for trial. The District Court has not ruled on that motion.

Allegations in Each Case. In all of the cases described above, the plaintiffs allege that the Company and certain other large domestic egg producers conspired to reduce the domestic supply of eggs in a concerted effort to raise the price of eggs to artificially high levels. In each case, plaintiffs allege that all defendants agreed to reduce the domestic supply of eggs by: (a) agreeing to limit production; (b) manipulating egg exports; and (c) implementing industry-wide animal welfare guidelines that reduced the number of hens and eggs.

The Company intends to continue to defend the remaining case as vigorously as possible based on defenses which the Company believes are meritorious and provable. While management believes that the likelihood of a material adverse outcome in the overall egg antitrust litigation has been significantly reduced as a result of the settlements and rulings described above, there is still a reasonable possibility of a material adverse outcome in the remaining egg antitrust litigation. At the present time, however, it is not possible to estimate the amount of monetary exposure, if any, to the Company because of this remaining case. Adjustments, if any, which might result from the resolution of these remaining legal matters, have not been reflected in the financial statements.

State of Oklahoma Watershed Pollution Litigation

On June 18, 2005, the State of Oklahoma filed suit, in the United States District Court for the Northern District of Oklahoma, against Cal-Maine Foods, Inc. and Tyson Foods, Inc. and affiliates, Cobb-Vantress, Inc., Cargill, Inc. and its affiliate, George’s, Inc. and its affiliate, Peterson Farms, Inc. and Simmons Foods, Inc. The State of Oklahoma claims that through the disposal of chicken litter the defendants have polluted the Illinois River Watershed. This watershed provides water to eastern Oklahoma. The complaint seeks injunctive relief and monetary damages, but the claim for monetary damages has been dismissed by the court. Cal-Maine Foods, Inc. discontinued operations in the watershed. Accordingly, we do not anticipate that Cal-Maine Foods, Inc. will be materially affected by the request for injunctive relief unless the court orders substantial affirmative remediation. Since the litigation began, Cal-Maine Foods, Inc. purchased 100% of the membership interests of Benton County Foods, LLC, which is an ongoing commercial shell egg operation within the Illinois River Watershed. Benton County Foods, LLC is not a defendant in the litigation.

The trial in the case began in September 2009 and concluded in February 2010. The case was tried to the court without a jury and the court has not yet issued its ruling. Management believes the risk of material loss related to this matter to be remote.

Other Matters

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is of the opinion that the final outcome should not have a material effect on the Company’s consolidated results of operations or financial position.

At this time, it is not possible for us to predict the ultimate outcome of the matters set forth above.

ITEM 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES

Not applicable.

PART II.

ITEM 5. MARKET FOR REGISTRANT’S COMMON EQUITY, RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS AND ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES

Our Common Stock is traded on the NASDAQ Global Select Market under the symbol “CALM”.

There is no public trading market for the Class A Common Stock. All outstanding Class A shares are owned by a limited liability company of which Adolphus Baker, our Chairman and Chief Executive Officer and son-in-law of our founder Fred R. Adams, Jr., is the sole managing member and will be voted at the direction of Mr. Baker and Mrs. Jean Adams (our founder's spouse) acting jointly. After the death of Mr. Adams, such shares will be voted at the direction of Mr. Baker. For additional information about our capital stock, see Note 13 to the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements.

Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities

There were no purchases of our Common Stock made by or on behalf of our company or any affiliated purchaser during our fiscal 2019 fourth quarter.

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Stock Performance Graph

The following graph shows a comparison of cumulative total shareholder return, calculated on a dividend reinvested basis, for the Company, the NASDAQ Composite Total Return, and the NASDAQ 100 Total Return for the five years ended June 1, 2019. As the only publicly held company in the shell egg business, the Company uses the NASDAQ 100 Total Return index in lieu of a published industry index or peer group. The graph assumes $100 was invested on May 31, 2014 in the stock or index. Each date plotted indicates the last day of a fiscal quarter.

Stockholders

At July 18, 2019, there were approximately 318 record holders of our Common Stock and approximately 35,982 beneficial owners whose shares were held by nominees or broker dealers.

Dividends

Cal-Maine has a dividend policy adopted by its Board of Directors. Pursuant to the policy, Cal-Maine pays a dividend to shareholders of its Common Stock and Class A Common Stock on a quarterly basis for each quarter for which the Company reports net income attributable to Cal-Maine Foods, Inc. computed in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in an amount equal to one-third (1/3) of such quarterly income. Dividends are paid to shareholders of record as of the 60th day following the last day of such quarter, except for the fourth fiscal quarter. For the fourth quarter, the Company will pay dividends to shareholders of record on the 65th day after the quarter end. Dividends are payable on the 15th day following the record date. Following a quarter for which the Company does not report net income attributable to Cal-Maine Foods, Inc., the Company will not pay a dividend for a subsequent profitable quarter until the Company is profitable on a cumulative basis computed from the date of the last quarter for which a dividend was paid. The Company’s loan agreements provide that unless otherwise approved by its lenders, the Company must

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limit dividends paid in any quarter to not exceed an amount equal to one-third of the previous quarter’s consolidated net income, which dividends are allowed to be paid if there are no events of default.

Recent Sales of Unregistered Securities

No sales of securities without registration under the Securities Act of 1933 occurred during our fiscal year ended June 1, 2019.

Securities Authorized for Issuance under Equity Compensation Plans



Equity Compensation Plan Information
	(a)	(b)		(c)

	Number of securities to be issued upon exercise of outstanding options, warrants and rights	Weighted average exercise price of outstanding options, warrants and rights		Number of securities remaining available for future issuance under equity compensation plans (excluding securities reflected in column (a)
Equity compensation plans approved by shareholders	—	$	—	336,052
Equity compensation plans not approved by shareholders	—	—		—
Total	—	$	—	336,052


(a)	There were no outstanding options, warrants or rights as of June 1, 2019. There were 248,412 shares of restricted stock outstanding under our 2012 Omnibus Long-Term Incentive Plan as of June 1, 2019.


(b)	There were no outstanding options, warrants or rights as of June 1, 2019.


(c)	Shares available for future issuance as of June 1, 2019 under our 2012 Omnibus Long-Term Incentive Plan.

For additional information, see Note 10 to Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

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ITEM 6. SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA



	Fiscal Years Ended
Statement of Operations Data (in thousands, except per share data)	June 1, 2019*			June 2, 2018†			June 3, 2017^			May 28, 2016			May 30, 2015
	52 weeks			52 weeks			53 weeks			52 weeks			52 weeks
Net sales	$	1,361,188		$	1,502,932		$	1,074,513		$	1,908,650		$	1,576,128
Cost of sales	1,138,329			1,141,886			1,028,963			1,260,576			1,180,407
Gross profit	222,859			361,046			45,550			648,074			395,721
Selling, general and administrative	174,795			179,316			176,032			177,760			160,386
Legal settlement expense - See Note 12	2,250			80,750			—			—			—
Loss (gain) on disposal of fixed assets	33			473			3,664			(1,563		)	568
Operating income (loss)	45,781			100,507			(134,146		)	471,877			234,767
Other income (expense):
Interest expense	(644		)	(265		)	(318		)	(1,156		)	(2,313		)
Interest income	7,978			3,697			3,103			4,314			1,798
Patronage dividends	10,482			8,286			7,665			6,930			6,893
Equity in income of affiliates	4,776			3,517			1,390			5,016			2,657
Other, net	2,432			1,595			8,012			268			2,747
Total other income	25,024			16,830			19,852			15,372			11,782
Income (loss) before income tax and noncontrolling interest	70,805			117,337			(114,294		)	487,249			246,549
Income tax expense (benefit)	15,743			(8,859		)	(39,867		)	169,202			84,268
Net income (loss) including noncontrolling interest	55,062			126,196			(74,427		)	318,047			162,281
Less: Net income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interest	833			264			(149		)	2,006			1,027
Net income (loss) attributable to Cal-Maine Foods, Inc.	$	54,229		$	125,932		$	(74,278	)	$	316,041		$	161,254
Net income (loss) per common share:
Basic	$	1.12		$	2.60		$	(1.54	)	$	6.56		$	3.35
Diluted	$	1.12		$	2.60		$	(1.54	)	$	6.53		$	3.33
Cash dividends per common share	$	0.51		$	0.35		$	—		$	2.18		$	1.11
Weighted average shares outstanding:
Basic	48,467			48,353			48,362			48,195			48,136
Diluted	48,589			48,468			48,362			48,365			48,437
Balance Sheet Data (in thousands)
Working capital	$	492,846		$	479,682		$	371,527		$	542,832		$	407,418
Total assets	1,156,278			1,150,447			1,033,094			1,111,765			928,653
Total debt (including current maturities)	2,337			6,090			10,939			25,570			50,860
Total stockholders’ equity	989,806			955,682			844,493			917,361			704,562

Operating Data:
Total number of layers at period-end (thousands)	36,192			36,340			36,086			33,922			33,696
Total shell eggs sold (millions of dozens)	1,038.9			1,037.7			1,031.1			1,053.6			1,063.1

* Results for fiscal 2019 include the results of operations (subsequent to acquisition) of the commercial egg assets acquired from Featherland Egg Farms, Inc., which were consolidated with our operations as of October 14, 2018.


†	Results for fiscal 2018 include tax benefit related to the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act tax reform legislation and the subsequent revaluation of the Company's deferred tax liabilities at the new, lower tax rates.


^	Results for fiscal 2017 include the results of operations (subsequent to acquisition) of the commercial egg assets acquired from Foodonics International, Inc., which were consolidated with our operations as of October 16, 2016, and the commercial egg assets of Happy Hen Egg Farms, Inc., which were consolidated with our operations as of February 19, 2017.

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ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION

AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

RISK FACTORS; FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

For information relating to important risks and uncertainties that could materially adversely affect our business, securities, financial condition or operating results, reference is made to the disclosure set forth under Item 1A above under the caption “Risk Factors.” In addition, because the following discussion includes numerous forward-looking statements relating to us, our results of operations, financial condition and business, reference is made to the information set forth in the section of Part I immediately preceding Item 1 above under the caption “Forward-Looking Statements.”

OVERVIEW

Cal-Maine Foods, Inc. (“we,” “us,” “our,” or the “Company”) is primarily engaged in the production, grading, packaging, marketing and distribution of fresh shell eggs. Our fiscal year end is the Saturday nearest to May 31 which was June 1, 2019 (52 weeks), June 2, 2018 (52 weeks), and June 3, 2017 (53 weeks) for the most recent three fiscal years.

Our operations are fully integrated. We hatch chicks, grow and maintain flocks of pullets (female chickens, under 18 weeks of age), layers (mature female chickens) and breeders (male and female birds used to produce fertile eggs to be hatched for egg production flocks), manufacture feed, and produce, process and distribute shell eggs. We are the largest producer and marketer of shell eggs in the U.S. We market the majority of our shell eggs in the southwestern, southeastern, mid-western, and mid-Atlantic regions of the U.S. We market shell eggs through our extensive distribution network to a diverse group of customers, including national and regional grocery store chains, club stores, foodservice distributors, and egg product consumers.

Our operating results are directly tied to egg prices, which are highly volatile and subject to wide fluctuations, and are outside of our control. For example, the Urner-Barry Southeastern Regional Large Egg Market Price per dozen eggs, for our fiscal 2006-2019 ranged from a low of $0.55 during fiscal 2006 to a high of $3.00 during fiscal 2018. The shell egg industry has traditionally been subject to periods of high profitability followed by periods of significant loss. In the past, during periods of high profitability, shell egg producers tended to increase the number of layers in production with a resulting increase in the supply of shell eggs, which generally caused a drop in shell egg prices until supply and demand returned to balance. As a result, our financial results from year to year may vary significantly. Shorter term, retail sales of shell eggs historically have been greatest during the fall and winter months and lowest during the summer months. Our need for working capital generally is highest in the last and first fiscal quarters ending in May/June and August/September, respectively, when egg prices are normally at seasonal lows. Prices for shell eggs fluctuate in response to seasonal factors and a natural increase in shell egg production in the spring and early summer. Shell egg prices tend to increase with the start of the school year and are highest prior to holiday periods, particularly Thanksgiving, Christmas, and Easter. Consequently, we generally experience lower sales and net income in our first and fourth fiscal quarters ending in August/September and May/June, respectively. Because of the seasonal and quarterly fluctuations, comparisons of our sales and operating results between different quarters within a single fiscal year are not necessarily meaningful comparisons.

From April through June 2015, our industry experienced a significant avian influenza (“AI”) outbreak, primarily in the upper Midwestern U.S. There were no positive tests for AI at any of our locations. Based on several published industry estimates, we believe approximately 12% of the national flock of laying hens was affected. During April through June 2015, the affected laying hens were either destroyed by the disease or euthanized. The USDA data showed the supply of laying hens decreased substantially. Since that time, it recovered and eventually exceeded pre-AI levels by late 2016. In 2017, the national flock grew approximately 1% over the prior year's levels. In 2018 flock levels began to grow at more rapid pace, ending the year approximately 3% higher than 2017. This growth has continued as recent USDA reports show the hatch rate increased 2% year over year for the first five months of calendar 2019. Given this trend, the increase in the U.S. laying hen flock and excess shell egg supply could continue to create pricing pressure.

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Egg prices increased significantly during the summer and fall of 2015. The average Urner-Barry Thursday prices for the large market (i.e. generic shell eggs) in the southeastern region for the months of June through November 2015 was $2.32 per dozen, with a peak of $2.97 in August. Subsequent to November 2015, shell egg prices declined. The Urner Barry price index ("UB index") hit a decade-low level in both our fiscal 2016 fourth quarter and our fiscal 2017 second quarter. In fiscal 2018, non-specialty shell egg prices rebounded significantly due to strong demand before falling again in fiscal 2019 based on oversupply issues. These fluctuations illustrate the volatility of our industry. Our net average selling price per dozen shell eggs for fiscal 2019 decreased to $1.265 compared to $1.397 for fiscal 2018, including a decrease in non-specialty shell egg prices to $1.041 in fiscal 2019 compared to $1.226 in fiscal 2018.

We are one of the largest producers and marketers of value-added specialty shell eggs in the U.S. For accounting purposes, we classify nutritionally enhanced, cage-free, organic and brown eggs as specialty shell eggs. Specialty shell eggs have been a significant and growing segment of the market in recent years. In recent years, a significant number of large restaurant chains, food service companies and grocery chains, including our largest customers, announced goals to transition to a cage-free egg supply chain by specified future dates. We are working with our customers to achieve smooth progress in meeting their goals. Our focus for future expansion at our farms will be environments that are cage-free or with equipment that can easily be converted to cage-free, based on a timeline to meet our customer’s needs.

For fiscal 2019, we produced approximately 84% of the total number of shell eggs sold by us, with approximately 9% of such shell egg production provided by contract producers. Contract producers utilize their facilities to produce shell eggs from layers owned by us. We own the shell eggs produced under these arrangements. For fiscal 2019, approximately 16% of the total number of shell eggs sold by us were purchased from outside producers for resale.

Our cost of production is materially affected by feed costs, which are highly volatile and subject to wide fluctuation. For fiscal 2019, feed costs averaged about 57% of our total farm egg production cost. Changes in market prices for corn and soybean meal, the primary ingredients in the feed we use, result in changes in our cost of goods sold. For our last five fiscal years, average feed cost per dozen sold ranged from a low of $0.39 in fiscal 2018 to a high of $0.44 in fiscal 2015. The cost of our primary feed ingredients, which are commodities, are subject to factors over which we have little or no control such as volatile price changes caused by weather, size of harvest, transportation and storage costs, demand and the agricultural and energy policies of the U.S. and foreign governments. Looking forward to 2020, grain prices are trending higher as historic rainfall and flooding through the early growing season are adversely affecting this year’s corn and soybean crops. However, ongoing uncertainties and geopolitical issues surrounding trade agreements and international tariffs led to reduced exports and downward pressure on recent grain prices. As such, we expect our feed costs to be more volatile and potentially higher in fiscal 2020.

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RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

The following table sets forth, for the fiscal years indicated, certain items from our consolidated statements of operations expressed as a percentage of net sales.



	June 1, 2019		June 2, 2018		June 3, 2017
Net sales	100.0	%	100.0	%	100.0	%
Cost of sales	83.6	%	76.0	%	95.8	%
Gross profit	16.4	%	24.0	%	4.2	%
Selling, general and administrative	12.8	%	11.9	%	16.4	%
Legal settlement expense	0.2	%	5.4	%	—	%
Loss on disposal of fixed assets	—	%	—	%	0.3	%
Operating income (loss)	3.4	%	6.7	%	(12.5	)%
Other income	1.8	%	1.1	%	1.8	%
Income (loss) before income taxes and noncontrolling interest	5.2	%	7.8	%	(10.6	)%
Income tax expense (benefit)	1.2	%	(0.6	)%	(3.7	)%
Net income (loss) including noncontrolling interest	4.0	%	8.4	%	(6.9	)%
Less: Net income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interest	—	%	—	%	—	%
Net income (loss) attributable to Cal-Maine Foods, Inc.	4.0	%	8.4	%	(6.9	)%

Executive Overview of Results – Fiscal Years Ended June 1, 2019, June 2, 2018, and June 3, 2017

Our operating results are significantly affected by wholesale shell egg market prices and feed costs, which can fluctuate widely and are outside of our control. The majority of our shell eggs are sold at independently quoted wholesale market prices for shell eggs or formulas related to our costs of production which include the cost of corn and soybean meal. The following table shows our net income (loss), gross profit, net average shell egg selling price, the average Urner Barry wholesale large shell egg prices in the southeast region, and feed cost per dozen produced for each of our three most recent fiscal years.



Fiscal Year ended	June 1, 2019		June 2, 2018		June 3, 2017
Net income (loss) attributable to Cal-Maine Foods, Inc. - (in thousands)	$	54,229	$	125,932	$	(74,278	)
Gross profit (in thousands)	222,859		361,046		45,550
Net average shell egg selling price (rounded)	1.27		1.40		1.01
Average Urner Barry Spot Egg Market Quotations 1	1.23		1.49		0.85
Feed cost per dozen produced	0.415		0.394		0.399


1-	Average Thursday price for the large market (i.e. generic shell eggs) in the southeastern region

The shell egg industry has historically been subject to periods of high profitability followed by periods of significant loss. The periods of high profitability have often reflected increased consumer demand relative to supply while the periods of significant loss have often reflected excess supply for the then prevailing consumer demand. Historically, demand for shell eggs increases in line with overall population growth. As reflected above, our operating results fluctuate with changes in the spot egg market quote and feed costs. The net average shell egg selling price is the blended price for all sizes and grades of shell eggs, including non-graded shell egg sales, breaking stock and undergrades. In fiscal 2017, our net average selling price and dozens sold decreased over the previous fiscal year primarily due to the oversupply of eggs resulting from the repopulation of the national flock of laying hens to levels exceeding the flock size prior to the avian influenza outbreak in 2015, along with a reduced demand for egg products. In fiscal 2018, strong demand resulted in an increase in our average selling price and dozens sold, and feed costs decreased over prior years. Fiscal 2019 saw an increasing U.S. flock size result in oversupply of eggs, particularly in the last half of the fiscal year. This resulted in decreased gross profit and net income for fiscal 2019.

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Fiscal Year Ended June 1, 2019 Compared to Fiscal Year Ended June 2, 2018

NET SALES

Net sales for the fiscal year ended June 1, 2019 were $1,361.2 million, a decrease of $141.7 million, or 9.4%, from net sales of $1,502.9 million for fiscal 2018. The decrease was primarily due to lower selling prices for non-specialty eggs in fiscal 2019 due to the oversupply of eggs, particularly in the last half of the fiscal year, contrasted with fiscal 2018 in which we experienced strong demand resulting in higher prices for non-specialty eggs.

In fiscal 2019, shell egg sales made up approximately 97% of our net sales. Total dozens sold in fiscal 2019 were 1,038.9 million, an increase of 1.2 million dozen, or 0.1%, compared to 1,037.7 million sold in fiscal 2018 resulting in an increase in net sales of $1.7 million for fiscal 2019 compared with the prior year.

Net average selling price of shell eggs decreased from $1.397 per dozen for fiscal 2018 to $1.265 per dozen for fiscal 2019, a decrease of $0.132 per dozen, or 9.4%, primarily reflecting an abundance of eggs in the market. The decrease in sales price in fiscal 2019 from fiscal 2018 resulted in a corresponding decrease in net sales of approximately $137.1 million. Our operating results are significantly affected by wholesale shell egg market prices, which are outside of our control. Small changes in production or demand levels can have a large effect on shell egg prices.

Egg products accounted for approximately 3% of our net sales. These revenues were $41.5 million for the fiscal year ended June 1, 2019 compared with $43.5 million for the fiscal 2018.

The table below represents an analysis of our non-specialty and specialty, as well as co-pack specialty, shell egg sales. Following the table is a discussion of the information presented in the table.



	Fiscal Years Ended								Quarters Ended
	June 1, 2019				June 2, 2018				June 1, 2019				June 2, 2018
	(Amounts in thousands)								(Amounts in thousands)
Net sales	$	1,361,188			$	1,502,932			$	280,572			$	443,095
Shell egg sales:
Non-specialty	810,306		61.4	%	956,909		65.6	%	150,860		55.5	%	294,892		68.8	%
Specialty	478,057		36.2	%	467,469		32.0	%	113,835		41.9	%	124,400		29.0	%
Co-pack specialty	26,112		2.0	%	26,092		1.8	%	6,057		2.2	%	7,216		1.7	%
Other	5,205		0.4	%	8,943		0.6	%	968		0.4	%	2,152		0.5	%
Net shell egg sales	$	1,319,680	100.0	%	$	1,459,413	100.0	%	$	271,720	100.0	%	$	428,660	100.0	%
As a percent of net sales			97	%			97	%			97	%			97	%
Dozens sold:
Non-specialty	778,052		74.9	%	780,362		75.2	%	192,310		75.5	%	184,301		73.1	%
Specialty	247,614		23.8	%	244,022		23.5	%	59,390		23.3	%	64,081		25.5	%
Co-pack specialty	13,234		1.3	%	13,329		1.3	%	3,072		1.2	%	3,573		1.4	%
Total dozens sold	1,038,900		100.0	%	1,037,713		100.0	%	254,772		100.0	%	251,955		100.0	%

Net average selling price per dozen:
All shell eggs	$	1.265			$	1.397			$	1.062			$	1.694
Non-specialty	$	1.041			$	1.226			$	0.784			$	1.600
Specialty	$	1.931			$	1.916			$	1.917			$	1.941

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Non-specialty shell eggs include all shell egg sales not specifically identified as specialty or co-pack specialty shell egg sales. This market is characterized generally by an inelasticity of demand, and small increases in production or decreases in demand can have a large adverse effect on prices and vice-versa. In fiscal 2019, non-specialty shell eggs represented approximately 61.4% of our shell egg revenue, compared to 65.6% for fiscal 2018, reflecting the large decrease in net average selling price for non-specialty eggs from $1.226 per dozen in fiscal 2018 to $1.041 per dozen in fiscal 2019. Sales of non-specialty shell eggs accounted for approximately 74.9% and 75.2% of total shell egg volume in fiscal 2019 and 2018, respectively.

For the thirteen-week period ended June 1, 2019, non-specialty shell eggs represented approximately 55.5% of our shell egg revenue, compared to 68.8% for the thirteen-week period ended June 2, 2018, reflecting the large decrease in net average selling price for non-specialty eggs during the fourth quarter of fiscal 2019 compared to the same period of last year ($0.784 per dozen in the 2019 period compared to $1.600 per dozen in the 2018 period). For the thirteen-week period ended June 1, 2019, non-specialty shell eggs accounted for approximately 75.5% of the total shell egg volume, compared to 73.1% for the thirteen-week period ended June 2, 2018. The volume increase for non-specialty shell eggs for the fiscal 2019 fourth quarter reflected the lower average selling prices in the period.

Specialty eggs, which include nutritionally enhanced, cage-free, organic and brown eggs, continued to make up a significant portion of our total shell egg revenue and dozens sold in fiscal 2019. For fiscal 2019, specialty eggs accounted for 36.2% of shell egg revenue, compared to 32.0% in fiscal 2018. Specialty eggs accounted for 23.8% of shell egg volume in fiscal 2019 compared with 23.5% fiscal 2018. Additionally, for fiscal 2019, specialty eggs sold through co-pack arrangements accounted for 2.0% of shell egg revenue, compared to 1.8% in fiscal 2018, and 1.3% of shell egg volume in fiscal 2019 compared to 1.3% in fiscal 2018. Our net average selling price for specialty eggs was $1.931 per dozen for fiscal 2019 compared to $1.916 per dozen for fiscal 2018. Specialty egg retail prices are less cyclical than non-specialty shell egg prices and are generally higher due to consumer willingness to pay for the perceived increased benefits from these products. This effect was particularly evident in recent years as non-specialty egg prices declined in fiscal 2019 compared fiscal 2018, while specialty egg prices remained much more stable.

For the thirteen-week period ended June 1, 2019, specialty shell eggs and specialty shell eggs sold through co-pack arrangements represented approximately 41.9% and 2.2%, respectively, of our shell egg revenue, compared to 29.0% and 1.7%, respectively, for the thirteen-week period ended June 2, 2018. For the thirteen-week period ended June 1, 2019, specialty shell eggs and specialty shell eggs sold through co-pack arrangements accounted for approximately 23.3% and 1.2%, respectively, of the total shell egg volume, compared to 25.5% and 1.4%, respectively, for the thirteen-week period ended June 3, 2018. Our net average selling price for specialty shell eggs and specialty shell eggs sold through co-pack arrangements was $1.917 per dozen for the fiscal 2019 fourth quarter compared to $1.941 per dozen for the fiscal 2018 fourth quarter.

The shell egg sales classified as “Other sales” represent hard cooked eggs, hatching eggs, other egg products, hens, and manure, which are included with our shell egg operations.

Egg products are shell eggs that are broken and sold in liquid, frozen, or dried form. Our egg products are sold through our wholly-owned subsidiary American Egg Products, LLC (“AEP”) and our majority owned subsidiary Texas Egg Products, LLC (“TEP”). For fiscal 2019 egg product sales were $41.5 million, a decrease of $2.0 million, or 4.6%, compared to $43.5 million for fiscal 2018. Egg products volume for fiscal 2019 was 60.8 million pounds, a decrease of 5.2 million pounds, or 7.9%, compared to 66.0 million pounds for fiscal 2018. In fiscal 2019, the selling price per pound was $0.682 compared to $0.659 for fiscal 2018, an increase of 3.5%. The decline in revenue attributable to lower volume was partially offset by higher selling prices.

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COST OF SALES

Cost of sales consists of costs directly related to producing, processing and packing shell eggs, purchases of shell eggs from outside producers, processing and packing of liquid and frozen egg products and other non-egg costs. Farm production costs are those costs incurred at the egg production facility, including feed, facility, hen amortization, and other related farm production costs. The following table presents the key variables affecting our cost of sales:



	Fiscal Year Ended						Quarter Ended
(Amounts in thousands)	June 1, 2019		June 2, 2018		Percent Change		June 1, 2019		June 2, 2018		Percent Change
Cost of sales:
Farm production	$	635,797	$	603,887	5.3	%	$	162,142	$	155,471	4.3	%
Processing and packaging	222,765		214,078		4.1	%	55,584		53,734		3.4	%
Outside egg purchases and other	249,605		287,472		(13.2	)%	44,509		81,623		(45.5	)%
Total shell eggs	1,108,167		1,105,437		0.2	%	262,235		290,828		(9.8	)%
Egg products	29,020		35,551		(18.4	)%	5,139		10,743		(52.2	)%
Other	1,142		898		27.2	%	444		308		44.2	%
Total	$	1,138,329	$	1,141,886	(0.3	)%	$	267,818	$	301,879	(11.3	)%


Farm production cost (per dozen produced)
Feed	$	0.415	$	0.394	5.3	%	$	0.411	$	0.416	(1.2	)%
Other	0.319		0.303		5.3	%	0.328		0.311		5.5	%
Total	$	0.734	$	0.697	5.3	%	$	0.739	$	0.727	1.7	%

Outside egg purchases (average cost per dozen)	$	1.26	$	1.45	(13.1	)%	$	1.05	$	1.82	(42.3	)%

Dozen produced	876,705		873,307		0.4	%	222,625		215,729		3.2	%
Dozen sold	1,038,900		1,037,713		0.1	%	254,772		251,955		1.1	%

Cost of sales for the fiscal year ended June 1, 2019 was $1,138.3 million, a decrease of $3.6 million, or 0.3%, compared to $1,141.9 million for fiscal 2018. Comparing fiscal 2019 to fiscal 2018, average cost per dozen purchased from outside shell egg producers decreased while cost of feed ingredients and dozens produced increased. For the 2019 fiscal year we produced 84.4% of the eggs sold by us, as compared to 84.2% for the previous year. Feed cost for fiscal 2019 was $0.415 per dozen, compared to $0.394 per dozen for the prior fiscal year, an increase of 5.3%. The increase in feed costs was primarily related to less favorable crop conditions in the south central U. S., which resulted in higher ingredient prices at some of our larger feed mill operations. The increase in feed cost per dozen resulted in an increase in cost of sales of $18.4 million for fiscal 2019 compared with fiscal 2018.

For the thirteen weeks ended June 1, 2019, compared to the thirteen weeks ended June 2, 2018, cost of sales decreased $34.1 million, or 11.3%, from $301.9 million in the fourth quarter of fiscal 2018, to $267.8 million in the fourth quarter of fiscal 2019. Average cost per dozen purchased from outside shell egg producers decreased 42.3% due to significantly lower egg selling prices in the quarter. Feed cost per dozen for the fourth quarter of fiscal 2019 was $0.411, compared to $0.416 for the same quarter of fiscal 2018, a decrease of 1.2%.

Gross profit, as a percentage of net sales, was 16.4% for fiscal 2019, compared to 24.0% for fiscal 2018. The decrease resulted primarily from lower selling prices for non-specialty eggs.

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SELLING, GENERAL, AND ADMINISTRATIVE EXPENSES



	Fiscal Years Ended
(Amounts in thousands)	June 1, 2019		June 2, 2018		Change			Percent Change
Specialty egg	$	53,263	$	54,300	$	(1,037	)	(1.9	)%
Delivery expense	53,595		53,177		418			0.8	%
Payroll and overhead	38,343		37,191		1,152			3.1	%
Stock compensation	3,619		3,467		152			4.4	%
Other expenses	25,975		31,181		(5,206		)	(16.7	)%
Total	$	174,795	$	179,316	$	(4,521	)	(2.5	)%

Selling, general and administrative expenses ("SG&A"), which include costs of marketing, distribution, accounting and corporate overhead, were $174.8 million in fiscal 2019, a decrease of $4.5 million, or 2.5%, compared to fiscal 2018. As a percent of net sales, selling, general and administrative expense increased from 11.9% in fiscal 2018 to 12.8% in fiscal 2019, due to the decrease in net sales in fiscal 2019.

Payroll and overhead increased $1.2 million, or 3.1%, compared to the same period of last year primarily due to annual salary increases. As a percentage of net sales, payroll and overhead is 2.8% and 2.5% for fiscal 2019 and 2018, respectively. As a percentage of net sales, delivery expense is 3.9% and 3.5% for fiscal 2019 and 2018, respectively. Other expenses decreased $5.2 million, or 16.7%, primarily due to reduced legal expense as a result of the Company's settlement of several antitrust claims in the prior year. The fiscal 2018 amount also included costs associated with preparation for the Company's special shareholders meeting held in July 2018. Insurance expense, which is also a part of other expenses, was flat year over year due to decreases in the Company's liability for incurred but not reported claims being offset by overall increases in premiums for fiscal 2019 compared with fiscal 2018.



	Quarters Ended
(Amounts in thousands)	June 1, 2019		June 2, 2018		Change			Percent Change
Specialty egg	$	12,290	$	16,878	$	(4,588	)	(27.2	)%
Delivery expense	13,450		13,496		(46		)	(0.3	)%
Payroll and overhead	9,498		10,024		(526		)	(5.2	)%
Stock compensation	999		888		111			12.5	%
Other expenses	6,059		8,364		(2,305		)	(27.6	)%
Total	$	42,296	$	49,650	$	(7,354	)	(14.8	)%

SG&A expense was $42.3 million for the thirteen weeks ended June 1, 2019, a decrease of $7.4 million, or 14.8%, compared to $49.7 million for the thirteen weeks ended June 2, 2018. The decrease in specialty egg expense for the fiscal 2019 fourth quarter is attributable to the timing of advertising and promotions as well as a decrease in specialty egg dozens sold resulting in decreased franchise expense. Payroll and overhead decreased $526,000, or 5.2%, compared to the same period of last year due to timing of bonus accruals. Stock compensation expense relates to the amortization of compensation expense for grants of restricted stock and is dependent on the closing prices of the Company's stock on the grant dates. The weighted average grant date fair value of our restricted stock awards at June 1, 2019, was $43.20, a 2.1% increase over the value of $42.30 at June 2, 2018. Other expenses decreased 27.6% from $8.4 million for the thirteen weeks ended June 2, 2018 to $6.1 million for the same period of fiscal 2019 primarily due to a reduction in the liability for incurred but not reported insurance claims at June 1, 2019 as well as a reduction in legal expenses.

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LEGAL SETTLEMENT EXPENSE

Legal settlement expense for fiscal 2019 was $2.3 million compared to $80.8 million for fiscal 2018, primarily reflecting settlements of antitrust claims against the Company.

LOSS ON DISPOSAL OF FIXED ASSETS

We recorded losses on disposal of fixed assets of $33,000 and $473,000 for fiscal 2019 and 2018, respectively, due to the retirement of layer houses at certain locations in the prior year period.

OPERATING INCOME

As a result of the above, our operating income was $45.8 million for fiscal 2019, compared to $100.5 million for fiscal 2018.

OTHER INCOME (EXPENSE)

Total other income (expense) consists of income (expenses) not directly charged to, or related to, operations such as interest expense, interest income, patronage dividends, and equity in earnings of affiliates, among other items. Total other income for fiscal 2019 was $25.0 million compared to $16.8 million for fiscal 2018. As a percent of net sales, total other income was 1.8% for fiscal 2019, compared to 1.1% for fiscal 2018.

The Company recorded interest income of $8.0 million in fiscal 2019, compared to $3.7 million for fiscal 2018. We recorded interest expense of $643,000 and $482,000 in fiscal 2019 and 2018, respectively, of which zero was capitalized in fiscal 2019 compared with $217,000 in fiscal 2018. Interest income from available for sale securities increased due to higher average invested balances and higher rates earned.

Patronage dividends, which represent distributions from our membership in Eggland's Best, Inc., increased $2.2 million from $8.3 million in fiscal 2018 to $10.5 million in fiscal 2019.

Equity in income of affiliates for fiscal 2019 was $4.8 million compared to $3.5 million for fiscal 2018. The increase of $1.3 million is primarily due to improved results at our Red River joint venture.

Other, net for fiscal 2019 was income of $2.4 million compared to a loss of $1.6 million for fiscal 2018. The increase is primarily due to a current year increase in royalty income, which represents fees paid to us for sales made by other producers in one of our Eggland's Best franchise areas.

INCOME TAXES

For the fiscal year ended June 1, 2019, our pre-tax income was $70.8 million, compared to $117.3 million for fiscal 2018. Income tax expense of $15.7 million was recorded for fiscal 2019 compared to income tax benefit of $8.9 million for fiscal 2018. Our fiscal 2019 effective tax rate increased to 22.5% from 7.6% in fiscal 2018, driven primarily by the impact of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017 (the "Act”) on fiscal 2018. The Act, which was signed by the President in December 2017, among other matters, reduced the U.S. corporate tax rate from 35% to 21% effective January 1, 2018. In fiscal 2018, the Company recorded a $43 million tax benefit primarily related to the remeasurement of certain deferred tax assets and liabilities.

At June 1, 2019, the Company had an income tax receivable of $9.7 million compared to an income tax payable of $17.4 million at June 2, 2018. The change is primarily due to losses during the fourth quarter of fiscal 2019 reducing the estimated tax liability for the fiscal year below the estimated tax payments already made.

For the thirteen weeks ended June 1, 2019, our pretax loss was $27.9 million and our income tax benefit was $8.4 million with an effective tax rate of 29.8%.

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Items causing our effective rate to differ from the federal statutory income tax rate of 21% are state income taxes, certain federal tax credits and certain items included in income or loss for financial reporting purposes that are not included in taxable income or loss for income tax purposes, including tax exempt interest income, certain nondeductible expenses, and net income or loss attributable to noncontrolling interest.

NET INCOME ATTRIBUTABLE TO NONCONTROLLING INTEREST

Net income attributable to noncontrolling interest for fiscal 2019 was $833,000 compared to $264,000 for fiscal 2018. Our noncontrolling interest relates to the Company's majority owned subsidiary, Texas Egg Products, LLC.

NET INCOME (LOSS) ATTRIBUTABLE TO CAL-MAINE FOODS, INC.

As a result of the above, net income for fiscal 2019 was $54.2 million, or $1.12 per basic and diluted share, compared to $125.9 million, or $2.60 per basic and diluted share for fiscal 2018.

Fiscal Year Ended June 2, 2018 Compared to Fiscal Year Ended June 3, 2017

The discussion of our results of operations for the fiscal year ended June 2, 2018 compared to the fiscal year ended June 3, 2017 can be found in Part II, Item 7, "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations" in the Company's fiscal 2018 Annual Report on Form 10-K.

CAPITAL RESOURCES AND LIQUIDITY

Our working capital at June 1, 2019 was $492.8 million, compared to $479.7 million at June 2, 2018. The calculation of working capital is defined as current assets less current liabilities. Our current ratio was 7.58 at June 1, 2019 compared to 5.45 at June 2, 2018. The current ratio is calculated by dividing current assets by current liabilities. Our need for working capital generally is highest in the last and first fiscal quarters ending in May/June and August/September, respectively, when egg prices are normally at seasonal lows.

Our long-term debt and capital leases at June 1, 2019, including current maturities, amounted to $2.3 million, compared to $6.1 million at June 2, 2018. On July 10, 2018, we entered into a $100.0 million Senior Secured Revolving Credit Facility (the "Revolving Credit Facility"). No amounts were borrowed under the facility during fiscal 2019 or as of July 19, 2019. At June 1, 2019, we had $4.2 million in outstanding standby letters of credit, of which $3.7 million were secured by our Revolving Credit Facility with the remainder collateralized with cash. See Note 8 in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for information regarding our long-term debt instruments.

Net cash provided by operating activities was $115.1 million for fiscal year 2019 compared with $200.4 million for fiscal year 2018. Decreased gross profit margins resulting from lower egg prices contributed greatly to our decrease in cash flow from operations.

For fiscal 2019, approximately $209.8 million was provided from the sale and maturity of short-term investments, $177.0 million was used to purchase short-term investments and net payments of $7.9 million were received from investments in unconsolidated entities. We used $17.9 million to acquire Featherland Egg Farms. We invested $4.3 million in unconsolidated entities. Approximately $68.0 million was used to purchase property, plant and equipment. Refer to the table of material construction projects presented below for additional information on purchases of property, plant and equipment. Approximately $3.8 million was used for principal payments on long-term debt and $41.7 million for the payment of dividends. The net result of these and other activities as of June 1, 2019 was an increase in cash of $20.8 million from June 2, 2018.

For the fiscal year ended June 2, 2018, $200.4 million in net cash was provided by operating activities. Approximately $127.7 million was provided from the sale of short-term investments, $275.3 million was used to purchase short-term investments and net payments of $6.6 million were received from notes receivable and investments in affiliates. We

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invested $4.1 million in the Red River Valley Egg Farm LLC joint venture. Approximately $19.7 million was used to purchase property, plant and equipment. Approximately $4.8 million was used for principal payments on long-term debt. The net result of these and other activities as of June 2, 2018 was an increase in cash of $30.9 million from June 3, 2017.

As of June 1, 2019, we had one note payable with a principal balance of $1.5 million maturing in fiscal 2020. Certain property, plant, and equipment is pledged as collateral on our note payable. Unless otherwise approved by our lender, we are required by provisions of our loan agreement governing the note to (1) maintain minimum levels of working capital (current ratio of not less than 1.25 to 1) and net worth (minimum of $90.0 million tangible net worth, plus 45% of cumulative net income since the fiscal year ended May 28, 2005); (2) limit dividends paid in any given quarter to not exceed an amount equal to one-third of the previous quarter’s consolidated net income (allowed if no events of default); (3) maintain minimum total funded debt to total capitalization (debt to total tangible capitalization ratio not to exceed 55%); and (4) maintain various cash-flow coverage ratios (1.25 to 1), among other restrictions. Our debt agreement requires Fred R. Adams, Jr., our Founder and Chairman Emeritus, or his family, to maintain ownership of Company shares, directly or indirectly, representing not less than 50% of the outstanding voting power of the Company.

As of June 1, 2019, we had no balance outstanding on our Revolving Credit Facility. We had $3.7 million in outstanding standby letters of credit secured by the Revolving Credit Facility. The credit agreement governing our Revolving Credit Facility contains customary covenants including restrictions on the incurrence of liens, incurrence of additional debt, sales of assets and other fundamental corporate changes and investments. The credit agreement requires maintenance of two financial covenants (i) a minimum working capital ratio of 2.00 to 1.00 and (ii) an annual limit on capital expenditures of $100.0 million. Additionally, the credit agreement requires that Fred R. Adams Jr., his spouse, natural children, sons-in-law or grandchildren, or any trust, guardianship, conservatorship or custodianship for the primary benefit of any of the foregoing, or any family limited partnership, similar limited liability company or other entity that 100% of the voting control of such entity is held by any of the foregoing, shall maintain at least 50% of the Company’s voting stock. Failure to satisfy any of these covenants will constitute a default under the terms of the credit agreement. In addition, under the terms of the credit agreement, dividends are restricted to the Company’s current dividend policy of one-third of the Company’s net income computed in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. The Company is allowed to repurchase up to $75.0 million of its capital stock in any year provided there is no default under the credit agreement and the borrower has availability of at least $20.0 million under the Revolving Credit Facility. For additional information about our Revolving Credit Facility, see Note 8 to Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

At June 1, 2019, we were in compliance with the covenants in our loan agreement.

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In recent years we have made significant investments in new and remodeled facilities to meet the increasing demand for cage-free, organic and other specialty eggs, including through our Red River Valley Egg Farm LLC joint venture. Additionally, the following table represents material construction projects approved as of July 19, 2019 (in thousands):



Project	Location	Projected Completion	Projected Cost		Spent as of June 1, 2019		Remaining Projected Cost
Convertible/Cage-Free Layer Houses	Pittsburg, TX	July 2019	$	11,069	$	9,711	$	1,358
Convertible/Cage-Free Layer Houses	Lake City, FL	September 2019	11,782		8,383		3,399
Convertible/Cage-Free Layer Houses	Harwood, TX	November 2019	12,505		10,173		2,332
Convertible/Cage-Free Layer Houses	Bushnell, FL	January 2020	11,543		2,103		9,440
Convertible/Cage-Free Layer Houses	Bushnell, FL	February 2020	6,151		245		5,906
Cage-Free Pullet Houses	Zephyrhills, FL	February 2020	6,332		2		6,330
Convertible/Cage-Free Layer & Pullet Houses	Pittsburg, TX	October 2020	25,550		397		25,153
Convertible/Cage-Free Layer Houses	Delta, UT	February 2021	17,177		1,631		15,546
Cage-Free Layer & Pullet Houses/Processing Facilty	Delta, UT	February 2022	84,664		208		84,456
			$	186,773	$	32,853	$	153,920

Looking forward to the next fiscal year, we believe current cash balances, investments, borrowing capacity, and cash flows from operations will be sufficient to fund our current and projected capital needs.

CONTRACTUAL OBLIGATIONS

The following table summarizes by fiscal year the future estimated cash payments, in thousands, to be made under existing contractual obligations. Further information on debt obligations is contained in Note 8, and on lease obligations in Note 7, in the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements.



	Total		2020		2021		2022		2023		2024		Thereafter
Long-Term Debt & Capital Leases (Principal)	$	2,554	$	1,696	$	205	$	215	$	224	$	214	$	—
Long-Term Debt & Capital Leases (Interest)	148		70		34		25		15		4		—
Operating Leases	1,953		641		593		487		215		17		—
Total	$	4,655	$	2,407	$	832	$	727	$	454	$	235	$	—

IMPACT OF RECENTLY ISSUED ACCOUNTING STANDARDS

For information on changes in accounting principles and new accounting principles, see “Impact of Recently Issued Accounting Standards” in Note 1 to the Consolidated Financial Statements.

CRITICAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES

The preparation of financial statements in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting standards requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from these estimates.

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Management suggests our Summary of Significant Accounting Policies, as described in Note 1 of the notes to consolidated financial statements, be read in conjunction with this Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations. We believe the critical accounting policies that most impact our consolidated financial statements are described below.

INVESTMENTS IN SECURITIES AVAILABLE-FOR-SALE

Our investment securities are accounted for in accordance with ASC 320, “Investments-Debt and Equity Securities” (“ASC 320”). The Company considers all investment securities for which there is a determinable fair market value and no restrictions on the Company's ability to sell within the next 12 months as available-for-sale, and carries them at fair value, with unrealized gains and losses reported as a separate component of stockholders' equity. Realized gains and losses are included in other income. The cost basis for realized gains and losses on available-for-sale securities is determined on the specific identification method.

ALLOWANCE FOR DOUBTFUL ACCOUNTS

In the normal course of business, we extend credit to our customers on a short-term basis. Although credit risk associated with our customers is considered minimal, we routinely review our accounts receivable balances and make provisions for probable doubtful accounts. In circumstances where management is aware of a specific customer’s inability to meet its financial obligations to us (e.g. bankruptcy filings), a specific reserve is recorded to reduce the receivable to the amount expected to be collected. For all other customers, we recognize reserves for bad debt based on the length of time the receivables are past due, generally 100% for amounts more than 60 days past due.

INVENTORIES

Inventories of eggs, feed, supplies and flocks are valued principally at the lower of cost (first-in, first-out method) or net realizable value. If market prices for eggs and feed grains move substantially lower, we record adjustments to write-down the carrying values of eggs and feed inventories to fair market value. The cost associated with flock inventories, consisting principally of chick purchases, feed, labor, contractor payments and overhead costs, are accumulated during the growing period of approximately 22 weeks. Capitalized flock costs are then amortized over the flock’s productive life, generally one to two years. Flock mortality is charged to cost of sales as incurred. High mortality from disease or extreme temperatures will result in abnormal write-downs to flock inventories. Management continually monitors each flock and attempts to take appropriate actions to minimize the risk of mortality loss.

LONG-LIVED ASSETS

Depreciable long-lived assets are primarily comprised of buildings, improvements, machinery and equipment. Depreciation is provided by the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives, which are 15 to 25 years for buildings and improvements and 3 to 12 years for machinery and equipment. An increase or decrease in the estimated useful lives would result in changes to depreciation expense. When property and equipment are retired, sold, or otherwise disposed of, the asset’s carrying amount and related accumulated depreciation are removed from the accounts and any gain or loss is included in operations. We continually reevaluate the carrying value of our long-lived assets, for events or changes in circumstances which indicate the carrying value may not be recoverable from the estimated future cash flows expected to result from its use and eventual disposition. If the sum of the expected future cash flows (undiscounted and without interest charges) are less than the carrying amount of the asset, an impairment loss is recognized to reduce the carrying value of the asset to it's estimated fair value.

INTANGIBLE ASSETS

Included in other intangible assets are separable intangible assets acquired in business acquisitions, which include franchise fees, non-compete agreements and customer relationship intangibles. They are amortized over their estimated useful lives of 5 to 15 years. The gross cost and accumulated amortization of intangible assets are removed when the recorded amounts are fully amortized and the asset is no longer in use.

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EQUITY AND COST METHOD INVESTMENTS

We have invested in other companies engaged in the production, processing and distribution of shell eggs and egg products. These investments are recorded using the cost or equity method, and are not consolidated in our financial statements. Changes in the ownership percentages of these investments might alter the accounting methods currently used. Our investment in these companies amounted to $63.3 million at June 1, 2019 and is shown on the Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheet in the amounts presented for "Investment in unconsolidated entities" and “Other long-lived assets”. The combined total assets and total liabilities of these companies were approximately $298.5 million and $43.1 million, respectively, at June 1, 2019.

GOODWILL

Goodwill is evaluated for impairment annually by first performing a qualitative assessment to determine whether a quantitative goodwill test is necessary. After assessing the totality of events or circumstances, if we determine it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount, then we perform additional quantitative tests to determine the magnitude of any impairment.

At June 1, 2019, goodwill represented 3.1% of total assets and 3.6% of stockholders’ equity. Goodwill relates to the following (in thousands):



Fiscal Year	Description	Amount
1999	Acquisition of Hudson Brothers, Inc.	$	3,147
2006	Acquisition of Hillandale Farms, LLC	869
2007	Acquisition of Green Forest Foods, LLC	179
2008	Revised Hillandale incremental purchase price	9,257
2009	Revised Hillandale incremental purchase price	2,527
2009	Acquisition of Zephyr Egg, LLC	1,876
2009	Acquisition of Tampa Farms, LLC	4,600
2010	Revised Hillandale incremental purchase price	(338		)
2013	Acquisition of Maxim Production Co., Inc.	2,300
2014	Purchase of joint venture partner’s 50% in Delta Egg	4,779
2017	Acquisition of Foodonics International, Inc.	3,389
2017	Acquisition of Happy Hen Egg Farms, Inc.	2,940
	Total Goodwill	$	35,525

REVENUE RECOGNITION AND DELIVERY COSTS

Revenue recognition is completed upon satisfaction of the performance obligation to the customer, which typically occurs within days of the Company and customer agreeing upon the order. See Note 17: Revenue Recognition in the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements for further discussion of the policy.

The Company believes the performance obligation is met upon delivery and acceptance of the product by our customers. Costs to deliver product to customers are included in selling, general and administrative expenses in the accompanying Consolidated Statements of Operations and totaled $53.6 million, $53.2 million, and $53.3 million in fiscal years 2019, 2018, and 2017, respectively. Sales revenue reported in the accompanying Consolidated Statements of Operations is reduced to reflect estimated returns and allowances. The Company records an estimated sales allowance for returns and discounts at the time of sale using historical trends based on actual sales returns and sales.

SALES INCENTIVES PROVIDED TO CUSTOMERS

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The Company periodically provides incentive offers to its customers to encourage purchases. Such offers include current discount offers (e.g., percentage discounts off current purchases), inducement offers (e.g., offers for future discounts subject to a minimum current purchase), and other similar offers. Current discount offers, when accepted by customers, are treated as a reduction to the sales price of the related transaction, while inducement offers, when accepted by customers, are treated as a reduction to sales price based on estimated future redemption rates. Redemption rates are estimated using the Company’s historical experience for similar inducement offers. Current discount and inducement offers are presented as a net amount in ‘‘Net sales.’’

STOCK BASED COMPENSATION

We account for share-based compensation in accordance with ASC 718, “Compensation-Stock Compensation” (“ASC 718”). ASC 718 requires all share-based payments to employees, including grants of employee stock options, restricted stock and performance-based shares to be recognized in the statement of operations based on their fair values. ASC 718 requires the benefits of tax deductions in excess of recognized compensation cost to be reported as a financing cash flow. See Note 10: Stock Compensation Plans in the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements for more information.

INCOME TAXES

We determine our effective tax rate by estimating our permanent differences resulting from differing treatment of items for tax and accounting purposes. We are periodically audited by taxing authorities. Any audit adjustments affecting permanent differences could have an impact on our effective tax rate.

ITEM 7A. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISKS

COMMODITY PRICE RISK

Our primary exposure to market risk arises from changes in the prices of eggs, corn and soybean meal, which are commodities subject to significant price fluctuations due to market conditions that are largely beyond our control. We are focused on growing our specialty shell egg business because the selling prices of specialty shell eggs are generally not as volatile as non-specialty shell egg prices. The following table outlines the impact of price changes for corn and soybean meal on feed cost per dozen:



Feed ingredient	Approximate change in feed ingredient cost	Approximate impact on feed costs per dozen		Approximate dollar impact on farm production cost for the 2019 fiscal year
Corn	$ 0.25 change in the average market price per bushel	$	0.01	$	8,767,050
Soybean Meal	$ 25.00 change in the average market price per ton	$	0.01	$	8,767,050

We generally do not enter into long-term contracts to purchase corn and soybean meal or hedge against increases in the price of corn and soybean meal.

INTEREST RATE RISK

The fair value of our debt is sensitive to changes in the general level of U.S. interest rates. At June 1, 2019 all of our outstanding term debt was fixed rate in nature which mitigated the impact of fluctuations in interest rates. In July 2018, we entered into a $100.0 million Senior Secured Revolving Credit Facility which bears interest at a variable rate. No amounts were outstanding under that facility during fiscal 2019. Under our current policies, we do not use interest rate derivative instruments to manage our exposure to interest rate changes. A 1% adverse move (decrease) in interest rates would adversely affect the net fair value of our outstanding debt by $23,000 at June 1, 2019.

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We are not a party to any other material market risk sensitive instruments requiring disclosure.

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ITEM 8. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA

Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

Board of Directors and Stockholders

Cal-Maine Foods, Inc. and Subsidiaries

Jackson, Mississippi

Opinion on the Consolidated Financial Statements

We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Cal-Maine Foods, Inc. and Subsidiaries (the “Company”) as of June 1, 2019 and June 2, 2018, the related consolidated statements of operations, comprehensive income (loss), stockholders’ equity and cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended June 1, 2019, and the related consolidated notes and schedule listed in the Index at Item 15(a) (collectively referred to as the “consolidated financial statements”). In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company and subsidiaries at June 1, 2019 and June 2, 2018, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended June 1, 2019, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.

We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (“PCAOB”), the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of June 1, 2019, based on the criteria established in 2013 Internal Control - Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission and our report dated July 19, 2019 expressed an unqualified opinion thereon.

Basis for Opinion

These consolidated financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these consolidated financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the PCAOB and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.

We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the consolidated financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud.

Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the consolidated financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the consolidated financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the consolidated financial statements. We believe our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.

/s/Frost, PLLC

We have served as the Company’s auditor since 2007.

Little Rock, Arkansas

July 19, 2019

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Cal-Maine Foods, Inc. and Subsidiaries

Consolidated Balance Sheets

(in thousands, except for par value amounts)



	June 1, 2019			June 2, 2018
Assets
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	69,247		$	48,431
Investment securities available-for-sale	250,181			282,586
Receivables:
Trade receivables, less allowance for doubtful accounts of $206 in 2019 and $268 in 2018	57,059			80,731
Income tax receivable	9,745			—
Other	4,956			5,108
	71,760			85,839
Inventories, net	172,237			168,644
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	4,328			2,020
Total current assets	567,753			587,520
Other assets:
Investments in unconsolidated entities	67,554			66,806
Goodwill	35,525			35,525
Other intangible assets, net	23,762			26,307
Other long-term assets	5,390			8,905
	132,231			137,543
Property, plant and equipment, less accumulated depreciation	456,294			425,384
Total assets	$	1,156,278		$	1,150,447
Liabilities and stockholders' equity
Current liabilities:
Trade accounts payable	$	39,210		$	37,840
Accrued dividends payable	—			17,093
Accrued wages and benefits	22,914			18,967
Accrued income taxes payable	—			17,446
Accrued expenses and other liabilities	11,087			12,956
Current maturities of long-term debt	1,696			3,536
Total current liabilities	74,907			107,838
Long-term debt, less current maturities	641			2,554
Other noncurrent liabilities	8,327			8,318
Deferred income taxes, net	82,597			76,055
Total liabilities	166,472			194,765
Commitments and contingencies – See Notes 7, 8, and 12
Stockholders' equity:
Common stock, $.01 par value
120,000 shares authorized and 70,261 shares issued in 2019 and 2018
43,894 and 43,831 shares outstanding in 2019 and 2018, respectively	703			703
Class A convertible common stock, $.01 par value
4,800 shares authorized, issued and outstanding in 2019 and 2018, respectively	48			48
Paid-in capital	56,857			53,323
Retained earnings	954,527			924,918
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax	355			(693		)
Common stock in treasury, at cost – 26,366 and 26,430 shares in 2019 and 2018, respectively	(25,866		)	(24,966		)
Total Cal-Maine Foods, Inc. stockholders' equity	986,624			953,333
Noncontrolling interest in consolidated entities	3,182			2,349
Total stockholders’ equity	989,806			955,682
Total liabilities and stockholders' equity	$	1,156,278		$	1,150,447

See accompanying notes.

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Cal-Maine Foods, Inc. and Subsidiaries

Consolidated Statements of Operations

(in thousands, except per share amounts)



	Fiscal years ended
	June 1, 2019			June 2, 2018			June 3, 2017
	52 weeks			52 weeks			53 weeks
Net sales	$	1,361,188		$	1,502,932		$	1,074,513
Cost of sales	1,138,329			1,141,886			1,028,963
Gross profit	222,859			361,046			45,550
Selling, general and administrative	174,795			179,316			176,032
Legal settlement expense - See Note 12	2,250			80,750			—
Loss on disposal of fixed assets	33			473			3,664
Operating income (loss)	45,781			100,507			(134,146		)

Other income (expense):
Interest expense	(644		)	(265		)	(318		)
Interest income	7,978			3,697			3,103
Patronage dividends	10,482			8,286			7,665
Equity in income of affiliates	4,776			3,517			1,390
Other, net	2,432			1,595			8,012
Total other income	25,024			16,830			19,852
Income (loss) before income taxes and noncontrolling interest	70,805			117,337			(114,294		)
Income tax expense (benefit)	15,743			(8,859		)	(39,867		)
Net income (loss) including noncontrolling interest	55,062			126,196			(74,427		)
Less: Net income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interest	833			264			(149		)
Net income (loss) attributable to Cal-Maine Foods, Inc.	$	54,229		$	125,932		$	(74,278	)

Net income (loss) per share:
Basic	$	1.12		$	2.60		$	(1.54	)
Diluted	$	1.12		$	2.60		$	(1.54	)
Weighted average shares outstanding:
Basic	48,467			48,353			48,362
Diluted	48,589			48,468			48,362

See accompanying notes.

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Cal-Maine Foods, Inc. and Subsidiaries

Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss)

(in thousands)



	Fiscal years ended
	June 1, 2019			June 2, 2018			June 3, 2017
Net income (loss), including noncontrolling interests	$	55,062		$	126,196		$	(74,427	)
Other comprehensive income (loss), before tax:
Unrealized holding gain (loss) on available-for-sale securities, net of reclassification adjustments	1,719			(1,151		)	177
(Increase) decrease in accumulated postretirement benefits obligation, net of reclassification adjustments	(349		)	249			(334		)
Other comprehensive income (loss), before tax	1,370			(902		)	(157		)
Income tax (benefit) expense related to items of other comprehensive income	322			(370		)	(77		)
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax	1,048			(532		)	(80		)
Comprehensive income (loss)	56,110			125,664			(74,507		)
Less: comprehensive income (loss) attributable to the noncontrolling interest	833			264			(149		)
Comprehensive income (loss) attributable to Cal-Maine Foods, Inc.	$	55,277		$	125,400		$	(74,358	)

See accompanying notes.

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Cal-Maine Foods, Inc. and Subsidiaries

Consolidated Statements of Stockholders' Equity

(in thousands)



	Common Stock
	Shares	Amount		Class A Shares	Class A Amount		Treasury Shares		Treasury Amount			Paid In Capital			Retained Earnings			Accum. Other Comp. Income (Loss)			Noncontrolling Interest			Total
Balance at May 28, 2016	70,261	$	703	4,800	$	48	26,524		$	(22,272	)	$	46,404		$	890,440		$	(48	)	$	2,086		$	917,361
Issuance of restricted stock from treasury, net of forfeitures							(80	)	73			(73		)										—
Purchase of company stock - shares withheld to satisfy withholding obligation in connection with the vesting of restricted stock							40		(1,715		)													(1,715		)
Restricted stock compensation expense												3,427												3,427
Cumulative adjustment to restricted stock compensation from the adoption of ASU 2016-09												174			(174		)							—
Reclass of equity portion of American Egg Products in connection with Foodonics' acquisition															58						(58		)	—
Distribution to noncontrolling interest partners																					(73		)	(73		)
Net loss for fiscal 2017															(74,278		)				(149		)	(74,427		)
Other comprehensive loss, net of tax																		(80		)				(80		)
Balance at June 3, 2017	70,261	$	703	4,800	$	48	26,484		$	(23,914	)	$	49,932		$	816,046		$	(128	)	$	1,806		$	844,493
Issuance of restricted stock from treasury, net of forfeitures							(80	)	76			(76		)										—
Purchase of company stock - shares withheld to satisfy withholding obligation in connection with the vesting of restricted stock							26		(1,128		)													(1,128		)
Restricted stock compensation expense												3,467												3,467
Reclassification of stranded tax effects from change in tax rates															33			(33		)				—
Dividends															(17,093		)							(17,093		)
Contribution from noncontrolling interest partners																					279			279
Net income for fiscal 2018															125,932						264			126,196
Other comprehensive loss, net of tax																		(532		)				(532		)
Balance at June 2, 2018	70,261	$	703	4,800	$	48	26,430		$	(24,966	)	$	53,323		$	924,918		$	(693	)	$	2,349		$	955,682
Issuance of restricted stock from treasury, net of forfeitures							(87	)	85			(85		)										—
Purchase of company stock - shares withheld to satisfy withholding obligation in connection with the vesting of restricted stock							23		(985		)													(985		)
Restricted stock compensation expense												3,619												3,619
Dividends															(24,620		)							(24,620		)
Net income for fiscal 2019															54,229						833			55,062
Other comprehensive income, net of tax																		1,048						1,048
Balance at June 1, 2019	70,261	$	703	4,800	$	48	26,366		$	(25,866	)	$	56,857		$	954,527		$	355		$	3,182		$	989,806

See accompanying notes.

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Cal-Maine Foods, Inc. and Subsidiaries

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows

(in thousands)

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	Fiscal year ended
	June 1, 2019			June 2, 2018			June 3, 2017
Cash flows from operating activities
Net income (loss) including noncontrolling interests	$	55,062		$	126,196		$	(74,427	)
Adjustments to reconcile net income (loss) to net cash provided by (used in) operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization	54,650			54,026			49,113
Deferred income taxes	6,123			(33,809		)	14,833
Equity in income of affiliates	(4,775		)	(3,517		)	(1,390		)
(Gain) loss on disposal of property, plant and equipment	33			472			3,664
Stock compensation expense, net of amounts paid	3,619			3,467			3,427
Amortization of investment securities	962			1,680			3,398
Other	23			71			(209		)
Change in operating assets and liabilities, net of effects from acquisitions:
(Increase) decrease in receivables and other assets	16,011			31,403			(37,222		)
(Increase) decrease in inventories	(2,285		)	(7,952		)	2,386
Increase (decrease) in accounts payable, accrued expenses and other liabilities	(14,338		)	28,378			(9,491		)
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities	115,085			200,415			(45,918		)

Cash flows from investing activities
Purchases of investments securities	(176,951		)	(275,287		)	(29,849		)
Sales and maturities of investment securities	209,806			127,664			248,292
Acquisition of businesses, net of cash acquired	(17,889		)	—			(85,822		)
Investment in unconsolidated entities	(4,273		)	(4,100		)	(19,900		)
Payments received on notes receivable and from investments in affiliates	7,904			6,581			6,586
Purchases of property, plant and equipment	(67,989		)	(19,671		)	(66,657		)
Net proceeds from disposal of property, plant and equipment	1,575			963			84
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities	(47,817		)	(163,850		)	52,734

Cash flows from financing activities
Principal payments on long-term debt	(3,754		)	(4,849		)	(16,510		)
Contributions from (distributions to) noncontrolling interest partners	—			279			(73		)
Purchase of common stock by treasury (including tax benefit on nonqualifying disposition of incentive stock options)	(985		)	(1,128		)	(1,715		)
Payments of dividends	(41,713		)	—			—
Net cash used in financing activities	(46,452		)	(5,698		)	(18,298		)
Increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents	20,816			30,867			(11,482		)
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of year	48,431			17,564			29,046
Cash and cash equivalents at end of year	$	69,247		$	48,431		$	17,564

Supplemental cash flow information:
Cash paid (received) during the year for:
Income taxes paid (refunds received), net	$	36,312		$	(45,101	)	$	(15,233	)
Interest (net of amount capitalized)	644			265			317

See accompanying notes.

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Cal-Maine Foods, Inc. and Subsidiaries

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

June 1, 2019

1. Significant Accounting Policies

Principles of Consolidation

The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Cal-Maine Foods, Inc. and its subsidiaries (“we,” “us,” “our,” or the “Company”). All significant intercompany transactions and accounts have been eliminated in consolidation.

Business

The Company is principally engaged in the production, processing and distribution of shell eggs. The Company’s operations are significantly affected by the market price fluctuation of its principal product, shell eggs, and the costs of its principal feed ingredients, corn, soybean meal, and other grains.

The Company sells shell eggs to a diverse group of customers, including national and local grocery store chains, club stores, foodservice distributors, and egg product consumers. The Company’s sales are primarily in the southeastern, southwestern, mid-western and mid-Atlantic regions of the United States. Credit is extended based upon an evaluation of each customer’s financial condition and credit history and generally collateral is not required. Credit losses have consistently been within management’s expectations. Two customers, Wal-Mart and Sam’s Club, on a combined basis, accounted for 33.7%, 33.2% and 28.9% of the Company’s net sales in fiscal years 2019, 2018, and 2017, respectively.

Fiscal Year

The Company’s fiscal year-end is on the Saturday nearest May 31, which was June 1, 2019 (52 weeks), June 2, 2018 (52 weeks), and June 3, 2017 (53 weeks) for the most recent three fiscal years.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of the consolidated financial statements in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

Cash Equivalents

The Company considers all highly liquid investments with a maturity of three months or less when purchased to be cash equivalents. We maintain bank accounts that are insured by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (“FDIC”) up to $250,000. At June 1, 2019 and routinely throughout these years, the Company maintained cash balances with certain financial institutions in excess of federally insured amounts. The Company has not experienced any loss in such accounts. The Company manages this risk through maintaining cash deposits and other highly liquid investments in high quality financial institutions.

We primarily utilize a cash management system with a series of separate accounts consisting of lockbox accounts for receiving cash, concentration accounts where funds are moved to, and zero-balance disbursement accounts for funding payroll and accounts payable. Checks issued, but not presented to the banks for payment, may result in negative book cash balances, which are included in accounts payable. At June 1, 2019, and June 2, 2018, checks outstanding in excess of related book cash balances totaled $6.2 million and $418,000, respectively.

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Investment Securities

Our investment securities are accounted for in accordance with ASC 320, “Investments-Debt and Equity Securities” (“ASC 320”). The Company considers all of its investment securities for which there is a determinable fair market value and there are no restrictions on the Company's ability to sell within the next 12 months as available-for-sale. Available-for-sale securities are carried at fair value, with unrealized gains and losses reported as a separate component of stockholders' equity. We had unrealized gains, net of tax, of $1.0 million at June 1, 2019, compared with unrealized losses, net of tax, of $294,000 at June 2, 2018, both of which are included in the line item “Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax” on our Consolidated Balance Sheets. Realized gains and losses are included in other income. The cost basis for realized gains and losses on available-for-sale securities is determined on the specific identification method.

At June 1, 2019 and June 2, 2018, we had $250.2 million and $282.6 million, respectively, of current investment securities available-for-sale consisting of commercial paper, U.S. government obligations, government agency bonds, certificates of deposit, variable rate demand notes, tax-exempt municipal bonds, zero coupon municipal bonds and corporate bonds with maturities of three months or longer when purchased. We classified these securities as current, because the amounts invested are available for current operations. At June 1, 2019 and June 2, 2018 we had $3.4 million and $3.1 million, respectively, of investments in mutual funds which are considered long term and are a part of “Other long-term assets” in the Consolidated Balance Sheets.

Investments in Unconsolidated Entities

The equity method of accounting is used when the Company has a 20% to 50% interest in other entities or when the Company exercises significant influence over the entity. Under the equity method, original investments are recorded at cost and adjusted by the Company’s share of undistributed earnings or losses of these entities. Nonmarketable investments in which the Company has less than a 20% interest and in which it does not have the ability to exercise significant influence over the investee are initially recorded at cost, and periodically reviewed for impairment.

Trade Receivables and Allowance for Doubtful Accounts

Trade receivables are comprised primarily of amounts owed to the Company from customers, which amounted to $57.1 million at June 1, 2019 and $80.7 million at June 2, 2018. They are presented net of an allowance for doubtful accounts of $206,000 at June 1, 2019 and $268,000 at June 2, 2018. The Company extends credit to customers based upon an evaluation of each customer’s financial condition and credit history. Although credit risks associated with our customers are considered minimal, we routinely review our accounts receivable balances and make provisions for probable doubtful accounts. In circumstances where management is aware of a specific customer’s inability to meet its financial obligations to us (e.g., bankruptcy filings), a reserve is recorded to reduce the receivable to the amount expected to be collected. For all other customers, we recognize reserves for bad debt based on the length of time the receivables are aged, generally 100% for amounts aged more than 60 days. Collateral is generally not required. Credit losses have consistently been within management’s expectations. At both June 1, 2019 and June 2, 2018 two customers accounted for approximately 29.7% and 33.4% of the Company’s trade accounts receivable, respectively.

Inventories

Inventories of eggs, feed, supplies and flocks are valued principally at the lower of cost (first-in, first-out method) or net realizable value.

The cost associated with flocks, consisting principally of chicks, feed, labor, contractor payments and overhead costs, are accumulated during a growing period of approximately 22 weeks. Flock costs are amortized to cost of sales over the productive lives of the flocks, generally one to two years. Flock mortality is charged to cost of sales as incurred.

The Company does not disclose the gross cost and accumulated amortization with respect to its flock inventories since this information is not utilized by management in the operation of the Company.

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Property, Plant and Equipment

Property, plant and equipment are stated at cost. Depreciation is provided by the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives, which are 15 to 25 years for buildings and improvements and 3 to 12 years for machinery and equipment. Repairs and maintenance are expensed as incurred. Expenditures that increase the value or productive capacity of assets are capitalized. When property, plant, and equipment are retired, sold, or otherwise disposed of, the asset’s carrying amount and related accumulated depreciation are removed from the accounts and any gain or loss is included in operations. The Company capitalizes interest cost incurred on funds used to construct property, plant, and equipment as part of the asset to which it relates, and is amortized over the asset’s estimated useful life.

Impairment of Long-Lived Assets

The Company reviews the carrying value of long-lived assets, other than goodwill, for impairment whenever events and circumstances indicate the carrying value of an asset may not be recoverable from the estimated future cash flows expected to result from its use and eventual disposition. In cases where expected future cash flows (undiscounted and without interest charges) are less than the carrying value, an impairment loss is recognized equal to an amount by which the carrying value exceeds the fair value of assets. The factors considered by management in performing this assessment include current operating results, trends and prospects, the manner in which the property is used, and the effects of obsolescence, demand, competition, and other economic factors.

Intangible Assets

Goodwill

Goodwill represents the excess of the purchase price over the fair value of the identifiable net assets acquired. Goodwill is evaluated for impairment annually by first performing a qualitative assessment to determine whether a quantitative goodwill test is necessary. After assessing the totality of events or circumstances, if we determine it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount, then we perform additional quantitative tests to determine the magnitude of any impairment.

Accrued Self Insurance

We use a combination of insurance and self-insurance mechanisms to provide for the potential liabilities for health and welfare, workers’ compensation, auto liability and general liability risks. Liabilities associated with our risks retained are estimated, in part, by considering claims experience, demographic factors, severity factors and other actuarial assumptions.

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Dividends

Cal-Maine pays a dividend to shareholders of its Common Stock and Class A Common Stock on a quarterly basis for each quarter for which the Company reports net income computed in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in an amount equal to one-third (1/3) of such quarterly income. Dividends are paid to shareholders of record as of the 60th day following the last day of such quarter, except for the fourth fiscal quarter. For the fourth quarter, the Company will pay dividends to shareholders of record on the 65th day after the quarter end. Dividends are payable on the 15th day following the record date. Following a quarter for which the Company does not report net income, the Company will not pay a dividend for a subsequent profitable quarter until the Company is profitable on a cumulative basis computed from the date of the last quarter for which a dividend was paid. Dividends payable, which would represent accrued unpaid dividends applicable to the Company's fourth quarter, were zero at June 1, 2019 and $17.1 million at June 2, 2018. At June 1, 2019, cumulative losses that must be recovered prior to paying a dividend were $19.8 million.



	13 Weeks Ended						52 Weeks Ended
	June 1, 2019			June 2, 2018			June 1, 2019		June 2, 2018
Net income (loss) attributable to Cal-Maine Foods, inc.	$	(19,761	)	$	71,767		$	54,229	$	125,932
Cumulative losses to be recovered prior to payment of dividend at beginning of the period	—			(20,488		)	—		(74,653		)
Net income (loss) attributable to Cal-Maine Foods, Inc. available for dividend	$	(19,761	)	$	51,279		$	54,229	$	51,279

1/3 of net income attributable to Cal-Maine Foods, Inc.	—

Common stock outstanding (shares)	43,894
Class A common stock outstanding (shares)	4,800
Total common stock outstanding (shares)	48,694

Dividends per common share*	$	—		$	0.351		$	0.506	$	0.351

*Dividends per common share = 1/3 of Net income (loss) attributable to Cal-Maine Foods, Inc. available for dividend ÷ Total common stock outstanding (shares).

Treasury Stock

Treasury stock purchases are accounted for under the cost method whereby the entire cost of the acquired stock is recorded as treasury stock. The grant of restricted stock through the Company’s share-based compensation plans is funded through the issuance of treasury stock. Gains and losses on the subsequent reissuance of shares in accordance with the Company’s share-based compensation plans are credited or charged to paid-in capital in excess of par value using the average-cost method.

Revenue Recognition and Delivery Costs

Revenue recognition is completed upon satisfaction of the performance obligation to the customer, which typically occurs within days of the Company and customer agreeing upon the order. See Note 17, Revenue Recognition, for further discussion of the policy.

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reduced to reflect estimated returns and allowances. The Company records an estimated sales allowance for returns and discounts at the time of sale using historical trends based on actual sales returns and sales.

Advertising Costs

The Company expensed advertising costs as incurred of $7.3 million, $6.3 million, and $10.3 million in fiscal 2019, 2018, and 2017, respectively.

Income Taxes

Income taxes are provided using the liability method. Deferred income taxes reflect the net tax effects of temporary differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities for financial reporting purposes and the amounts used for income tax purposes. The Company’s policy with respect to evaluating uncertain tax positions is based upon whether management believes it is more likely than not the uncertain tax positions will be sustained upon review by the taxing authorities. The tax positions must meet the more-likely-than-not recognition threshold with consideration given to the amounts and probabilities of the outcomes that could be realized upon settlement using the facts, circumstances and information at the reporting date. The Company will reflect only the portion of the tax benefit that will be sustained upon resolution of the position and applicable interest on the portion of the tax benefit not recognized. The Company shall initially and subsequently measure the largest amount of tax benefit that is greater than 50% likely of being realized upon settlement with a taxing authority that has full knowledge of all relevant information. Based upon management’s assessment, there are no uncertain tax positions expected to have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

Stock Based Compensation

Net Income (Loss) per Common Share

Basic net income per share is based on the weighted average common and Class A shares outstanding. Diluted net income per share includes any dilutive effects of stock options outstanding and unvested restricted shares.

Basic net income per share was calculated by dividing net income by the weighted-average number of common and Class A shares outstanding during the period. Diluted net income per share was calculated by dividing net income by the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding during the period plus the dilutive effects of stock options and unvested restricted shares. Due to the net loss in the year ended June 3, 2017 restricted shares in the amount of 131,292 were excluded from the calculation of diluted earnings per share because their inclusion would have been antidilutive. The computations of basic net income per share and diluted net income per share are as follows (in thousands):

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	June 1, 2019		June 2, 2018		June 3, 2017
Net income (loss) attributable to Cal-Maine Foods, Inc.	$	54,229	$	125,932	$	(74,278	)

Basic weighted-average common shares (including Class A)	48,467		48,353		48,362

Effect of dilutive securities:
Common stock options and restricted stock	122		115		—
Dilutive potential common shares	48,589		48,468		48,362

Net income (loss) per common share:
Basic	$	1.12	$	2.60	$	(1.54	)

Diluted	$	1.12	$	2.60	$	(1.54	)

Contingencies

Certain conditions may exist as of the date the financial statements are issued that may result in a loss to the Company but which will only be resolved when one or more future events occur or fail to occur. The Company’s management and its legal counsel assess such contingent liabilities, and such assessment inherently involves an exercise of judgment. In assessing loss contingencies related to legal proceedings that are pending against the Company or unasserted claims that may result in such proceedings, the Company’s legal counsel evaluates the perceived merits of any legal proceedings or unasserted claims as well as the perceived merits of the amount of relief sought or expected to be sought therein.

If the assessment of a contingency indicates it is probable that a material loss has been incurred and the amount of the liability can be estimated, the estimated liability would be accrued in the Company’s financial statements. If the assessment indicates a potentially material loss contingency is not probable, but is reasonably possible, or is probable but cannot be estimated, then the nature of the contingent liability, together with an estimate of the range of possible loss if determinable and material, would be disclosed. Loss contingencies considered remote are generally not disclosed unless they involve guarantees, in which case the nature of the guarantee would be disclosed.

The Company expenses the costs of litigation as they are incurred.

Impact of Recently Issued Accounting Standards

In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-02, Leases. The purpose of the standard is to improve transparency and comparability related to the accounting and reporting of leasing arrangements. The new standard establishes a right-of-use model (ROU) that requires a lessee to recognize a ROU asset and lease liability on the balance sheet for all leases with a term longer than 12 months. Leases will be classified as finance or operating, with classification affecting the pattern and classification of expense recognition in the statement of operations.

The effective date for the new standard, for the Company, is June 2, 2019. The Company elected a modified retrospective transition approach, applying the new standard to all leases existing at the date of initial application. An entity may choose to use either (1) its effective date or (2) the beginning of the earliest comparative period presented in the financial statements as its date of initial application. If an entity chooses the second option, the transition requirements for existing leases also apply to leases entered into between the date of initial application and the effective date. The entity must also recast its comparative period financial statements and provide the disclosures required by the new standard for the comparative periods. We will adopt the new standard June 2, 2019 which will be presented in the Company’s first quarter of 2020.

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The new standard provides a number of optional practical expedients in transition. The Company expects to elect practical expedients which permit us not to reassess under the new standard our prior conclusions about lease identification, lease classification and initial direct costs.

We do not expect that this standard will have a material effect on our financial statements. Upon adoption, the most significant effects are expected to relate to (1) the recognition of new ROU assets and lease liabilities on our balance sheet for our operating leases, which is expected to be approximately $2.0 million at the beginning of fiscal 2020; and (2) providing significant new disclosures about our leasing activities.

The new standard also provides practical expedients for an entity’s initial and ongoing accounting. We currently expect to elect the short-term lease recognition exemption for all leases that qualify. For the leases that qualify, we will not recognize ROU assets or lease liabilities, and this includes not recognizing ROU assets or lease liabilities for existing short-term leases of those assets in transition. We also currently expect to elect the practical expedient to not separate lease and non-lease components for all of our leases.

Reclassification

Certain prior period amounts have been reclassified between "Other income" and "Selling, general and administrative" expense to conform with current presentation. Such reclassifications had no impact on previously reported net income or shareholders' equity.

2. Acquisition

On October 14, 2018, the Company acquired substantially all of the commerical egg production and processing assets of Featherland Egg Farms, Inc. (“Featherland”) for $17.9 million in cash. The acquired assets include facilities with current capacity for approximately 600,000 laying hens, a feed mill, and related production and distribution facilities located near Marion, Texas. The acquired operations of Featherland are included in the accompanying financial statements as of October 14, 2018. Acquisition related costs incurred during the period were immaterial to the financial statements.

The following table summarizes the aggregate purchase price allocation for Featherland (in thousands):



Inventory	$	1,433
Property, plant and equipment	16,206
Intangible assets	250
Purchase price	$	17,889

Pro-forma information, which is usually presented for information purposes only and is not necessarily indicative of the results of operations that actually would have been achieved had the acquisition been completed as of an earlier time, was not material to the Company’s Consolidated Financial Statements.

3. Investment in Unconsolidated Entities

The Company has several investments in unconsolidated entities that are accounted for using the equity method of accounting. Red River Valley Egg Farm, LLC ("Red River") operates a cage-free shell egg production complex near Bogota, Texas. Specialty Eggs, LLC ("Specialty Eggs") owns the Egg-Land's Best franchise for most of Georgia and South Carolina, as well as a portion of western North Carolina and eastern Alabama. Southwest Specialty Eggs, LLC ("Southwest Specialty Eggs") owns the Egg-Land's Best franchise for Arizona, southern California and Clark County, Nevada (including Las Vegas). As of June 1, 2019, the Company owns 50% of each of Red River, Specialty Eggs, and Southwest Specialty Eggs. Equity method investments are included in “Investments in unconsolidated entities” in the accompanying Consolidated Balance Sheets and totaled $60.7 million and $64.2 million at June 1, 2019 and at June 2, 2018, respectively.

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Equity in income of unconsolidated entities of $4.8 million, $3.5 million, and $1.4 million from these entities has been included in the Consolidated Statements of Operations for fiscal 2019, 2018, and 2017, respectively.

The condensed consolidated financial information for the Company's unconsolidated joint ventures was as follows (in thousands):



	For the fiscal year ended
	June 1, 2019		June 2, 2018		June 3, 2017
Net sales	$	112,396	$	107,705	$	86,072
Net income	9,490		7,071		2,804
Total assets	128,470		134,056		131,871
Total liabilities	7,600		5,859		6,543
Total equity	120,870		128,197		125,328

The Company is a member of Eggland’s Best, Inc. (“EB”), which is a cooperative. At June 1, 2019 and June 2, 2018, “Other long-term assets” as shown on the Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheet includes the cost of the Company’s investment in EB plus any qualified written allocations. The Company cannot exert significant influence over EB’s operating and financial activities; therefore, the Company accounts for this investment using the cost method. The carrying value of this investment at June 1, 2019 and June 2, 2018 was $2.6 million and $2.6 million, respectively.

The Company regularly transacts business with its cost and equity method affiliates. The following relates to the Company’s transactions with these unconsolidated affiliates (in thousands):

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	For the fiscal year ended
	June 1, 2019		June 2, 2018		June 3, 2017
Sales to affiliates	$	58,093	$	59,295	$	59,073
Purchases from affiliates	81,685		81,043		73,713
Dividends from affiliates	8,300		4,664		6,581



	June 1, 2019		June 2, 2018
Accounts receivable from affiliates	$	4,307	$	4,603
Accounts payable to affiliates	3,324		3,525

4. Inventories

Inventories consisted of the following (in thousands):

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	June 1, 2019		June 2, 2018
Flocks, net of accumulated amortization	$	105,536	$	96,594
Eggs	14,318		17,313
Feed and supplies	52,383		54,737
	$	172,237	$	168,644

We grow and maintain flocks of layers (mature female chickens), pullets (female chickens, under 18 weeks of age), and breeders (male and female chickens used to produce fertile eggs to hatch for egg production flocks). Our total flock at June 1, 2019, consisted of approximately 9.4 million pullets and breeders and 36.2 million layers.

The Company expensed amortization and mortality associated with the flocks to cost of sales as follows (in thousands):

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	June 1, 2019		June 2, 2018		June 3, 2017
Amortization	$	119,658	$	117,774	$	118,859
Mortality	5,161		4,438		5,213
Total flock costs charge to cost of sales	$	124,819	$	122,212	$	124,072

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5. Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets

Goodwill and other intangibles consisted of the following (in thousands):

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			Other Intangibles
			Franchise			Customer			Non-compete			Right of use			Water					Total other
	Goodwill		rights			relationships			agreements			intangible			rights		Trademark			intangibles
Balance June 3, 2017	$	35,525	$	23,214		$	4,660		$	104		$	66		$	720	$	385		$	29,149
Amortization	—		(1,631		)	(1,078		)	(18		)	(66		)	—		(49		)	(2,842		)
Balance June 2, 2018	35,525		21,583			3,582			86			—			720		336			26,307
Additions	—		—			—			250			—			—		—			250
Amortization	—		(1,628		)	(1,078		)	(39		)	—			—		(50		)	(2,795		)
Balance June 1, 2019	$	35,525	$	19,955		$	2,504		$	297		$	—		$	720	$	286		$	23,762

For the Other Intangibles listed above, the gross carrying amounts and accumulated amortization are as follows (in thousands):

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	June 1, 2019					June 2, 2018
	Gross carrying		Accumulated			Gross carrying		Accumulated
	amount		amortization			amount		amortization
Other intangible assets:
Franchise rights	$	29,284	$	(9,329	)	$	29,284	$	(7,701	)
Customer relationships	19,544		(17,040		)	19,544		(15,962		)
Non-compete agreements	450		(153		)	200		(114		)
Right of use intangible	191		(191		)	191		(191		)
Water rights *	720		—			720		—
Trademark	400		(114		)	400		(64		)
Total	$	50,589	$	(26,827	)	$	50,339	$	(24,032	)


*	Water rights are an indefinite life intangible asset.

No significant residual value is estimated for these intangible assets. Aggregate amortization expense for the fiscal years ended 2019, 2018, and 2017 totaled $2.8 million, $2.8 million, and $2.2 million, respectively. The following table represents the total estimated amortization of intangible assets for the five succeeding years (in thousands):

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For fiscal period	Estimated amortization expense
2020	$	2,815
2021	2,278
2022	1,974
2023	1,974
2024	1,945
Thereafter	12,056
Total	$	23,042

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6. Property, Plant and Equipment

Property, plant and equipment consisted of the following (in thousands):



	June 1, 2019		June 2, 2018
Land and improvements	$	93,046	$	90,757
Buildings and improvements	370,451		360,030
Machinery and equipment	496,166		478,997
Construction-in-progress	52,551		9,307
	1,012,214		939,091
Less: accumulated depreciation	555,920		513,707
	$	456,294	$	425,384

Depreciation expense was $51.7 million, $51.1 million and $48.8 million in fiscal years 2019, 2018 and 2017, respectively.

The Company maintains insurance for both property damage and business interruption relating to catastrophic events, such as fires. Insurance recoveries received for property damage and business interruption in excess of the net book value of damaged assets, clean-up and demolition costs, and post-event costs are recognized as income in the period received or committed when all contingencies associated with the recoveries are resolved. Gains on insurance recoveries related to business interruption are recorded within “Cost of sales” and any gains or losses related to property damage are recorded within “Other income (expense).” Insurance recoveries related to business interruption are classified as operating cash flows and recoveries related to property damage are classified as investing cash flows in the statement of cash flows. Insurance claims incurred or finalized during the fiscal years ended 2019, 2018, and 2017 did not have a material affect on the Company's consolidated financial statements.

7. Leases

Future minimum payments under non-cancelable operating leases that have initial or remaining non-cancelable terms in excess of one year at June 1, 2019 are as follows (in thousands):



2020	$	641
2021	593
2022	487
2023	215
2024	17
Total minimum lease payments	$	1,953

Substantially all of the leases require the Company to pay taxes, maintenance, insurance and certain other operating expenses applicable to the leased assets. Vehicle rent expense totaled $430,000, $578,000 and $475,000 in fiscal 2019, 2018 and 2017, respectively. Rent expense excluding vehicle rent was $3.9 million, $3.2 million, and $3.5 million in fiscal 2019, 2018 and 2017, respectively, primarily for the lease of certain operating facilities and equipment.

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8. Credit Facilities and Long-Term Debt

Long-term debt consisted of the following (in thousands except interest rate and installment data):



	June 1, 2019		June 2, 2018
Note payable at 6.20%, due in monthly principal installments of $250,000, plus interest, maturing in fiscal 2020	$	1,500	$	4,500
Note payable at 5.40%, due in monthly principal installments of $125,000, plus interest, matured in fiscal 2019	—		250
Capital lease obligations	1,054		1,340
	2,554		6,090
Less: capitalized loan costs	217		—
Total debt	2,337		6,090
Less: current maturities	1,696		3,536
Long-term debt, less current maturities	$	641	$	2,554

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The aggregate annual fiscal year maturities of long-term debt at June 1, 2019 are as follows (in thousands):



2020	$	1,696
2021	205
2022	215
2023	224
2024	214
	$	2,554

Certain property, plant, and equipment is pledged as collateral on our note payable. Unless otherwise approved by our lender, we are required by provisions of our loan agreement to (1) maintain minimum levels of working capital (ratio of not less than 1.25 to 1) and net worth (minimum of $90.0 million tangible net worth, plus 45% of cumulative net income); (2) limit dividends paid in any given quarter to not exceed an amount equal to one third of the previous quarter’s consolidated net income (allowed if no events of default), (3) maintain minimum total funded debt to total capitalization (debt to total tangible capitalization not to exceed 55%); and (4) maintain various current and cash-flow coverage ratios (1.25 to 1), among other restrictions. Our debt agreement requires Fred R. Adams, Jr., the Company’s Founder and Chairman Emeritus, or his family, to maintain ownership of Company shares, directly or indirectly, representing not less than 50% of the outstanding voting power of the Company.

Interest, net of amount capitalized, of $644,000, $265,000, and $318,000 was recorded during fiscal 2019, 2018 and 2017, respectively. Interest of zero, $217,000 and $1.1 million was capitalized for construction of certain facilities during fiscal 2019, 2018 and 2017, respectively.

On July 10, 2018, we entered into a $100.0 million Senior Secured Revolving Credit Facility (the “Revolving Credit Facility”) with a five-year term. The credit agreement for the Revolving Credit Facility includes an accordion feature permitting the Company, with the consent of the administrative agent, to increase the revolving commitments in the aggregate up to $125.0 million. No amounts were borrowed under the facility as of June 1, 2019 or during fiscal 2019. The Company had $3.7 million of outstanding standby letters of credit issued under the Revolving Credit Facility at June 1, 2019.

The interest rate is based, at the Company’s election, on either the Eurodollar Rate plus the Applicable Margin or the Base Rate plus the Applicable Margin. The “Eurodollar Rate” means the reserve adjusted rate at which Eurodollar deposits in the London interbank market for an interest period of one, two, three, six or twelve months (as selected by the Company) are quoted. The “Base Rate” means a fluctuating rate per annum equal to the highest of (a) the federal funds rate plus 0.50% per annum, (b) the prime rate of interest established by the administrative agent, and (c) the

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Eurodollar Rate for an interest period of one month plus 1% per annum, subject to certain interest rate floors. The “Applicable Margin” means 0.00% to 0.75% per annum for Base Rate Loans and 1.00% to 1.75% per annum for Eurodollar Rate Loans, in each case depending upon the average outstanding balance at the quarterly pricing date. The Company will pay a commitment fee of 0.20% on the unused portion of the facility.

The Revolving Credit Facility is guaranteed by all the current and future wholly-owned direct and indirect domestic subsidiaries of the Company, and is secured by a first-priority perfected security interest in substantially all of the Company’s and the guarantors’ accounts, payment intangibles, instruments (including promissory notes), chattel paper, inventory (including farm products) and deposit accounts maintained with the administrative agent.

The credit agreement for the Revolving Credit Facility contains customary covenants, including restrictions on the incurrence of liens, incurrence of additional debt, sales of assets and other fundamental corporate changes and investments. The credit agreement requires maintenance of two financial covenants (i) a minimum working capital ratio of 2.00 to 1.00 and (ii) an annual limit on capital expenditures of $100.0 million. Additionally, the credit agreement requires that Fred R. Adams Jr., his spouse, natural children, sons-in-law or grandchildren, or any trust, guardianship, conservatorship or custodianship for the primary benefit of any of the foregoing, or any family limited partnership, similar limited liability company or other entity that 100% of the voting control of such entity is held by any of the foregoing, shall maintain at least 50% of the Company’s voting stock. Failure to satisfy any of these covenants will constitute a default under the terms of the credit agreement. Further, dividends are restricted to the Company’s current dividend policy of one-third of the Company’s net income computed in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. The Company is allowed to repurchase up to $75.0 million of its capital stock in any year provided there is no default under the credit agreement and the Company has availability of at least $20.0 million under the facility.

The credit agreement for the Revolving Credit Facility also includes customary events of default and customary remedies upon the occurrence of an event of default, including acceleration of the amounts due and foreclosure of the collateral.

At June 1, 2019, we were in compliance with the covenant requirements of all loan agreements.

9. Employee Benefit Plans

The Company maintains a medical plan that is qualified under Section 401(a) of the Internal Revenue Code and is not subject to tax under present income tax laws. The plan is funded by contributions from the Company and its employees. Under its plan, the Company self-insures its portion of medical claims for substantially all full-time employees. The Company uses stop-loss insurance to limit its portion of medical claims to $225,000 per occurrence. The Company's expenses including accruals for incurred but not reported claims were approximately $18.1 million, $16.1 million, and $14.0 million in fiscal years 2019, 2018 and 2017, respectively. The liability recorded for incurred but not reported claims was $1.1 million as of June 1, 2019 and June 2, 2018.

The Company has a KSOP plan that covers substantially all employees (“the Plan”). The Company makes contributions to the Plan at a rate of 3% of participants' eligible compensation, plus an additional amount determined at the discretion of the Board of Directors. Contributions can be made in cash or the Company's common stock, and vest immediately. The Company's cash contributions to the Plan were $3.7 million, $3.3 million, and $3.2 million in fiscal years 2019, 2018 and 2017, respectively. The Company did not make direct contributions of the Company’s common stock in fiscal years 2019, 2018, or 2017. Dividends on the Company’s common stock are paid to the Plan in cash. The Plan acquires the Company’s common stock, which is listed on the NASDAQ, by using the dividends and the Company’s cash contribution to purchase shares in the public markets. The Plan sold common stock on the NASDAQ to pay benefits to Plan participants. Participants may make contributions to the Plan up to the maximum allowed by the Internal Revenue Service regulations. The Company does not match participant contributions.

The Company has deferred compensation agreements with certain officers for payments to be made over specified periods beginning when the officers reach age 65 or over as specified in the agreements. Amounts accrued for the agreements are based upon deferred compensation earned over the estimated remaining service period of each

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officer. Payments made under the plan were $129,000, $110,000, and $110,000 in fiscal years 2019, 2018, and 2017, respectively. The liability recorded related to these agreements was $1.5 million at June 1, 2019 and June 2, 2018.

In December 2006, the Company adopted an additional deferred compensation plan to provide deferred compensation to named officers of the Company. The awards issued under this plan were $267,000, $298,000, and $290,000 in fiscal 2019, 2018 and 2017, respectively. Payments made under the plan were $84,000 and $42,000 in fiscal 2019 and 2018, respectively. The liability recorded related to this plan was $3.4 million and $3.1 million at June 1, 2019 and June 2, 2018, respectively.

Deferred compensation expense for both plans totaled $377,000, $693,000 and $616,000 in fiscal 2019, 2018 and 2017, respectively.

Postretirement Medical Plan

The Company maintains an unfunded postretirement medical plan to provide limited health benefits to certain qualified retired employees and officers. Retired non-officers and spouses are eligible for coverage until attainment of Medicare eligibility, at which time coverage ceases. Retired officers and spouses are eligible for lifetime benefits under the plan. Officers and their spouses, who retired prior to May 1, 2012, must participate in Medicare Plans A and B. Officers, and their spouses, who retire on or after May 1, 2012 must participate in Medicare Plans A, B, and D.

The plan is accounted for in accordance with ASC 715, “Compensation – Retirement Benefits”, whereby an employer recognizes the funded status of a defined benefit postretirement plan as an asset or liability, and recognizes changes in the funded status in the year the change occurs through comprehensive income. Additionally, this expense is recognized on an accrual basis over the employees’ approximate period of employment. The liability associated with the plan was $2.9 million at June 1, 2019 and $2.3 million June 2, 2018. The remaining disclosures associated with ASC 715 are immaterial to the Company’s financial statements.

10. Stock Compensation Plans

On October 5, 2012, shareholders approved the Cal-Maine Foods, Inc. 2012 Omnibus Long-Term Incentive Plan (“2012 Plan”). The purpose of the 2012 Plan is to assist us and our subsidiaries in attracting and retaining selected individuals who, serving as our employees, outside directors and consultants, are expected to contribute to our success and to achieve long-term objectives which will benefit our shareholders through the additional incentives inherent in the awards under the 2012 Plan. The maximum number of shares of common stock available for awards under the 2012 Plan is 1,000,000 shares issuable from the Company’s treasury stock. Awards may be granted under the 2012 Plan to any employee, any non-employee member of the Company’s Board of Directors, and any consultant who is a natural person and provides services to us or one of our subsidiaries (except for incentive stock options which may be granted only to our employees). As of June 1, 2019, there were 336,052 shares available for future issuance under the 2012 Plan.

In January 2018, the Company granted 94,189 restricted shares from treasury. The restricted shares vest three years from the grant date, or upon death or disability, change in control, or retirement (subject to certain requirements). The restricted shares contain no other service or performance conditions. Restricted stock is awarded in the name of the recipient and except for the right of disposal, constitutes issued and outstanding shares of the Company’s common stock for all corporate purposes during the period of restriction including the right to receive dividends. Compensation expense is a fixed amount based on the grant date closing price and is amortized over the vesting period.

Our unrecognized compensation expense as a result of non-vested shares was $6.0 million at June 1, 2019 and $5.9 million June 2, 2018. The unrecognized compensation expense will be amortized to stock compensation expense over a period of 2.1 years.

The Company recognized stock compensation expense of $3.6 million, $3.5 million, and $3.4 million for equity awards in fiscal 2019, 2018, and 2017, respectively.

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A summary of our equity award activity and related information for our restricted stock is as follows:



			Weighted
	Number		Average
	of		Grant Date
	Shares		Fair Value
Outstanding, June 3, 2017	247,735		$	35.97
Granted	88,965		43.81
Vested	(85,990	)	36.76
Forfeited	(9,420	)	42.43
Outstanding, June 2, 2018	241,290		$	42.30
Granted	94,189		42.68
Vested	(79,918	)	48.84
Forfeited	(7,149	)	44.00
Outstanding, June 1, 2019	248,412		$	43.20

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11. Income Taxes

Income tax expense (benefit) consisted of the following:



	Fiscal year ended
	June 1, 2019		June 2, 2018			June 3, 2017
Current:
Federal	$	8,160	$	18,560		$	(48,030	)
State	1,460		6,390			(6,670		)
	9,620		24,950			(54,700		)
Deferred:
Federal	4,843		11,038			13,076
Enacted rate change	—		(42,973		)	—
State	1,280		(1,874		)	1,757
	6,123		(33,809		)	14,833
	$	15,743	$	(8,859	)	$	(39,867	)

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Significant components of the Company’s deferred tax liabilities and assets were as follows:



	June 1, 2019		June 2, 2018
Deferred tax liabilities:
Property, plant and equipment	$	49,275	$	47,899
Inventories	27,750		25,494
Investment in affiliates	7,609		7,996
Other comprehensive income	324		—
Other	2,596		1,616
Total deferred tax liabilities	87,554		83,005

Deferred tax assets:
Accrued expenses	2,170		3,013
State operating loss carryforwards	133		566
Other comprehensive loss	—		95
Other	2,654		3,276
Total deferred tax assets	4,957		6,950
Net deferred tax liabilities	$	82,597	$	76,055

The differences between income tax expense (benefit) at the Company’s effective income tax rate and income tax expense at the statutory federal income tax rate were as follows:

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	Fiscal year end
	June 1, 2019			June 2, 2018			June 3, 2017

Statutory federal income tax (benefit)	$	14,694		$	34,105		$	(39,950	)
State income tax (benefit)	2,164			3,200			(3,193		)
Domestic manufacturers deduction	—			(2,545		)	4,095
Enacted rate change	—			(42,973		)	—
Tax exempt interest income	(197		)	(101		)	(206		)
Other, net	(918		)	(545		)	(613		)
	$	15,743		$	(8,859	)	$	(39,867	)

In December 2017, the President of the United States signed into law the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017 (the “Act”), which among other matters reduced the United States corporate tax rate from 35% to 21% effective January 1, 2018. In fiscal 2018, the Company recorded a $43 million tax benefit primarily related to the remeasurement of certain deferred tax assets and liabilities.

Federal and state income taxes of $36.5 million, $2.1 million, and $3.7 million were paid in fiscal years 2019, 2018, and 2017, respectively. Federal and state income taxes of $418,000, $47.2 million, and $17.6 million were refunded in fiscal years 2019, 2018, and 2017, respectively.

The Company may recognize the tax benefit from an uncertain tax position only if it is more likely than not that the tax position will be sustained on examination by the taxing authorities, based on the technical merits of the position. The Company measures the tax benefits recognized based on the largest benefit that has a greater than 50% likelihood of being realized upon ultimate resolution. As of June 1, 2019, there were no uncertain tax positions that resulted in any adjustment to the Company’s provision for income taxes.

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We are under audit by the IRS for the fiscal years 2013 through 2015. We are subject to income tax in many jurisdictions within the U.S., and certain jurisdictions are under audit by state and local tax authorities. The resolutions of these audits are not expected to be material to our consolidated financial statements. Tax periods for all years beginning with fiscal year 2013 remain open to examination by federal and state taxing jurisdictions to which we are subject.

12. Contingencies

Financial Instruments

The Company maintained standby letters of credit (“LOC”) with banks totaling $4.2 million at June 1, 2019, of which $3.7 million where issued under the Company's Revolving Credit Facility with the remainder collateralized with cash. The cash collateralized LOCs are included in the line item “Other assets” in the consolidated balance sheets. The outstanding LOCs are for the benefit of certain insurance companies. None of the LOCs are recorded as a liability on the Consolidated Balance Sheets.

Egg Antitrust Litigation

The Company settled all Non-Class cases except for the claims of certain plaintiffs who sought substantial damages allegedly arising from the purchase of egg products (as opposed to shell eggs). As previously reported, the Company settled all claims brought by one of these plaintiffs, Conopco, Inc. on a confidential basis and for an amount that did not have a material impact on the Company’s financial condition or results, and on November 21, 2018, the Court entered a final judgment dismissing Conopco’s claims against the Company. The remaining plaintiffs are Kraft Food Global, Inc., General Mills, Inc., Nestle USA, Inc., and The Kellogg Company (“Egg Products Plaintiffs”). The Egg Products Plaintiffs seek treble damages and injunctive relief under the Sherman Act and are attacking certain features of the UEP animal-welfare guidelines and program used by the Company and many other egg producers. On September 6, 2016, the District Court granted defendants’ motion for summary judgment and dismissed with prejudice all claims based on the purchase of egg products. That ruling was appealed to the United States Court of Appeals for the Third

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Circuit, and on January 22, 2018, the Third Circuit reversed the District Court’s grant of summary judgment and remanded the case to the District Court. Even though the appealing egg-products plaintiffs had asked the Third Circuit to remand the case for trial, the Third Circuit declined, instead remanding the case for further proceedings, including the suggestion that the District Court determine whether the egg-products plaintiffs had sufficient evidence of causation and damages to submit the case to a jury. On March 5, 2018, defendants filed a motion in the District Court seeking leave to file a motion for summary judgment in light of the remand statements in the Third Circuit’s opinion. The Egg Products Plaintiffs opposed that motion, and on March 26, 2018, the defendants filed a reply in support of the motion. On July 16, 2018, the court granted the defendants’ motion for leave and on August 17, 2018, defendants filed their motions for summary judgment and requested oral argument. The plaintiffs filed their responses on September 21, 2018, and sur-replies on October 19, 2018, and the defendants filed their replies on October 12, 2018. On December 19, 2018, the District Court heard oral argument on the renewed motions for summary judgment, and on June 11, 2019, denied the defendants’ motions for summary judgement. On July 2, 2019, the Egg Products Plaintiffs filed a motion seeking to have the case remanded to federal court in Chicago, where it was initially filed, for trial. The District Court has not ruled on that motion.

State of Oklahoma Watershed Pollution Litigation

Other Matters

In addition to the above, the Company is involved in various other claims and litigation incidental to its business. Although the outcome of these matters cannot be determined with certainty, management, upon the advice of counsel, is of the opinion that the final outcome should not have a material effect on the Company’s consolidated results of operations or financial position.

At this time, it is not possible for us to predict the ultimate outcome of the matters set forth above.

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13. Description of Rights and Privileges of Capital Stock—Capital Structure Consists of Common Stock and Class A Common Stock

The Company has two classes of capital stock: Common Stock and Class A Common Stock. Except as otherwise required by law or the Company's certificate of incorporation, holders of shares of the Company’s capital stock vote as a single class on all matters submitted to a vote of the stockholders, with each share of Common Stock entitled to one vote and each share of Class A Common Stock entitled to ten votes. Holders of capital stock have the right of cumulative voting in the election of directors. The Common Stock and Class A Common Stock have equal liquidation rights and the same dividend rights. In the case of any dividend payable in stock, holders of Common Stock are entitled to receive the same percentage dividend (payable only in shares of Common Stock) as the holders of Class A Common Stock receive (payable only in shares of Class A Common Stock). Upon liquidation, dissolution, or winding-up of the Company, the holders of Common Stock are entitled to share ratably with the holders of Class A Common Stock in all assets available for distribution after payment in full of creditors. The holders of Common Stock and Class A Common Stock are not entitled to preemptive or subscription rights. No class of capital stock may be combined or subdivided unless the other classes of capital stock are combined or subdivided in the same proportion. No dividend may be declared and paid on Class A Common Stock unless the dividend is payable only to the holders of Class A Common Stock and a dividend is declared and paid to Common Stock concurrently.

Each share of Class A Common Stock is convertible, at the option of its holder, into one share of Common Stock at any time. The Company’s Second Restated Certificate of Incorporation (“Restated Charter”) identifies family members of Mr. Adams (“Immediate Family Members”) and arrangements and entities that are permitted to receive and hold shares of Class A Common Stock, with ten votes per share, without such shares converting into shares of Common Stock, with one vote per share (“Permitted Transferees”). The Permitted Transferees include arrangements and entities such as revocable trusts and limited liability companies that could hold Class A Common Stock for the benefit of Immediate Family Members. Each Permitted Transferee must have a relationship, specifically defined in the Restated Charter, with another Permitted Transferee or an Immediate Family Member. A share of Class A Common Stock transferred to a person other than a Permitted Transferee would automatically convert into Common Stock with one vote per share. Additionally, the Restated Charter includes a sunset provision pursuant to which all of the outstanding Class A Common Stock will automatically convert to Common Stock if: (a) less than 4,300,000 shares of Class A Common Stock, in the aggregate, are beneficially owned by Immediate Family Members and/or Permitted Transferees, or (b) if less than 4,600,000 shares of Class A Common Stock and Common Stock, in the aggregate, are beneficially owned by Immediate Family Members and/or Permitted Transferees.

14. Fair Value Measures

The Company is required to categorize both financial and nonfinancial assets and liabilities based on the following fair value hierarchy. The fair value of an asset is the price at which the asset could be sold in an orderly transaction between unrelated, knowledgeable, and willing parties able to engage in the transaction. A liability’s fair value is defined as the amount that would be paid to transfer the liability to a new obligor in a transaction between such parties, not the amount that would be paid to settle the liability with the creditor.


•	Level 1 - Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.


•	Level 2 - Inputs other than quoted prices included in Level 1 that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly.


•	Level 3 - Unobservable inputs for the asset or liability supported by little or no market activity and are significant to the fair value of the assets or liabilities.

The disclosure of fair value of certain financial assets and liabilities recorded at cost are as follows:

Cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, and accounts payable: The carrying amount approximates fair value due to the short maturity of these instruments.

Long-term debt: The carrying value of the Company’s long-term debt is at its stated value. We have not elected to carry our long-term debt at fair value. Fair values for debt are based on quoted market prices or published forward

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interest rate curves, which are level 2 inputs. Estimated fair values are management’s estimates, which is a level 3 input; however, when there is no readily available market data, the estimated fair values may not represent the amounts that could be realized in a current transaction, and the fair values could change significantly. The fair value of the Company’s debt is sensitive to changes in the general level of U.S. interest rates. Under its current policies, the Company does not use interest rate derivative instruments to manage exposure to interest rate changes. A one percent (1%) decrease in interest rates would increase the net fair value of the Company’s debt by $23,000 at June 1, 2019. The fair value and carrying value of the Company’s long-term debt were as follows (in thousands):

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	June 1, 2019				June 2, 2018
	Carrying Value		Fair Value		Carrying Value		Fair Value
Note payable	$	1,283	$	1,309	$	4,750	$	4,732
Long-term leases	1,054		940		1,340		1,171
	$	2,337	$	2,249	$	6,090	$	5,903

Assets and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis

In accordance with the fair value hierarchy described above, the following table shows the fair value of our financial assets and liabilities that are required to be measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of June 1, 2019 and June 2, 2018 (in thousands):

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	June 1, 2019
	Quoted Prices
	in Active		Significant
	Markets for		Other		Significant
	Identical		Observable		Unobservable
	Instruments		Inputs		Inputs		Total
	(Level 1)		(Level 2)		(Level 3)		Balance
Assets
US government and agency obligations	$	—	$	30,974	$	—	$	30,974
Municipal bonds	—		50,353		—		50,353
Certificates of deposits	—		6,148		—		6,148
Commercial paper	—		9,945		—		9,945
Corporate bonds	—		147,162		—		147,162
Asset backed securities	—		5,599		—		5,599
Mutual funds	3,357		—		—		3,357
Total assets measured at fair value	$	3,357	$	250,181	$	—	$	253,538

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	June 2, 2018
	Quoted Prices
	in Active		Significant
	Markets for		Other		Significant
	Identical		Observable		Unobservable
	Instruments		Inputs		Inputs		Total
	(Level 1)		(Level 2)		(Level 3)		Balance
Assets
US government and agency obligations	$	—	$	23,817	$	—	$	23,817
Municipal bonds	—		20,666		—		20,666
Certificates of deposits	—		2,507		—		2,507
Commercial paper	—		17,920		—		17,920
Corporate bonds	—		214,083		—		214,083
Variable rate demand notes	—		600		—		600
Asset backed securities	—		2,993		—		2,993
Mutual funds	3,071		—		—		3,071
Total assets measured at fair value	$	3,071	$	282,586	$	—	$	285,657

Our investment securities – available-for-sale classified as level 2 consist of securities with maturities of three months or longer when purchased. We classified these securities as current, because amounts invested are available for current operations. Observable inputs for these securities are yields, credit risks, default rates, and volatility.

The Company applies fair value accounting guidance to measure non-financial assets and liabilities associated with business acquisitions. These assets and liabilities are measured at fair value for the initial purchase price allocation and are subject to recurring revaluations. The fair value of non-financial assets acquired is determined internally. Our internal valuation methodology for non-financial assets takes into account the remaining estimated life of the assets acquired and what management believes is the market value for those assets.

15. Investment Securities

Investment securities consisted of the following (in thousands):

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	June 1, 2019
			Gains in		Losses in
			Accumulated		Accumulated
			Other		Other		Estimated
	Amortized		Comprehensive		Comprehensive		Fair
	Cost		Income		Income		Value
US government and agency obligations	$	30,896	$	78	$	—	$	30,974
Municipal bonds	50,220		133		—		50,353
Certificates of deposit	6,149		—		1		6,148
Commercial paper	9,953		—		8		9,945
Corporate bonds	147,068		94		—		147,162
Variable rate demand notes	—		—		—		—
Asset backed securities	5,589		10		—		5,599
Total current investment securities	$	249,875	$	315	$	9	$	250,181

Mutual funds	2,331		1,026		—		3,357
Total noncurrent investment securities	$	2,331	$	1,026	—		$	3,357

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	June 2, 2018
			Gains in		Losses in
			Accumulated		Accumulated
			Other		Other		Estimated
	Amortized		Comprehensive		Comprehensive		Fair
	Cost		Income		Income		Value
US government and agency obligations	$	23,991	$	—	$	174	$	23,817
Municipal bonds	20,697		—		31		20,666
Certificates of deposit	2,510		—		3		2,507
Commercial paper	17,926		—		6		17,920
Corporate bonds	215,273		—		1,190		214,083
Variable rate demand notes	600		—		—		600
Asset backed securities	3,010		—		17		2,993
Total current investment securities	$	284,007	$	—	$	1,421	$	282,586

Mutual funds	2,037		1,034		—		3,071
Total noncurrent investment securities	$	2,037	$	1,034	—		$	3,071

Proceeds from the sales and maturities of available-for-sale securities were $209.8 million, $127.7 million, and $248.2 million during fiscal 2019, 2018, and 2017, respectively. Gross realized gains on those sales and maturities during fiscal 2019, 2018, and 2017 were $13,000, $25,000, and $231,000, respectively. Gross realized losses on those sales and maturities during fiscal 2019, 2018, and 2017 were $36,000, $83,000, and $7,000, respectively. For purposes of determining gross realized gains and losses, the cost of securities sold is based on the specific identification method.

Unrealized holding gains and (losses), net of taxes, for fiscal 2019, 2018, and 2017 were as follows (in thousands):



	June 1, 2019			June 2, 2018			June 3, 2017
Current Investments	$	1,307		$	(1,083	)	$	(54	)
Noncurrent Investments	(7		)	316			164
Total unrealized holding gains (losses)	$	1,300		$	(767	)	$	110

Actual maturities may differ from contractual maturities because some borrowers have the right to call or prepay obligations with or without call or prepayment penalties. Contractual maturities of investment securities at June 1, 2019, are as follows (in thousands):



	Estimated Fair Value
Within one year	$	135,941
1-3 years	114,240
	$	250,181

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16. Quarterly Financial Data: (unaudited, amount in thousands, except per share data):



	Fiscal Year 2019
	First		Second		Third		Fourth
	Quarter		Quarter		Quarter		Quarter
Net sales	$	340,583	$	356,040	$	383,993	$	280,572
Gross profit	57,128		70,535		82,441		12,755
Net income (loss) attributable to Cal-Maine Foods, Inc.	12,406		21,807		39,777		(19,761		)
Net income (loss) per share:
Basic	$	0.26	$	0.45	$	0.82	$	(0.41	)
Diluted	$	0.26	$	0.45	$	0.82	$	(0.41	)



	Fiscal Year 2018
	First			Second			Third		Fourth
	Quarter			Quarter			Quarter		Quarter
Net sales	$	262,845		$	361,172		$	435,820	$	443,095
Gross profit	17,336			82,396			120,098		141,216
Net income (loss) attributable to Cal-Maine Foods, Inc.	(15,993		)	(26,136		)	96,294		71,767
Net income (loss) per share:
Basic	$	(0.33	)	$	(0.54	)	$	1.99	$	1.48
Diluted	$	(0.33	)	$	(0.54	)	$	1.99	$	1.48

During the Company's second quarter of fiscal 2019 and second quarter of fiscal 2018, we recorded $2.3 million and $80.8 million, respectively, primarily related to the legal settlement of several antitrust claims against the Company. Also during the second quarter of fiscal 2018, the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017 was enacted. This resulted in an initial revaluation of our deferred tax liabilities during the third quarter which favorably impacted our results by $35.0 million. In the fourth quarter of fiscal 2018, we completed our analysis of the Act and recorded additional tax benefit of $8.0 million.

Note 17. Revenue Recognition

Satisfaction of Performance Obligation

The vast majority of the Company’s revenue is derived from agreements with customers based on the customer placing an order for products. Pricing for the most part is determined when the Company and the customer agree upon the specific order, which establishes the contract for that order.

Revenues are recognized in an amount that reflects the net consideration we expect to receive in exchange for the goods. Our shell eggs are sold at prices related to independently quoted wholesale market prices or formulas related to our costs of production. The Company’s sales predominantly contain a single performance obligation. We recognize revenue upon satisfaction of the performance obligation with the customer which typically occurs within days of the Company and the customer agreeing upon the order.

Costs to deliver product to customers are included in selling, general and administrative expenses in the accompanying Consolidated Statements of Operations and totaled $53.6 million, $53.2 million, and $53.3 million in fiscal years 2019, 2018, and 2017, respectively.

Returns and Refunds

Some of our contracts include a guaranteed sale clause, pursuant to which we credit the customer’s account for product

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that the customer is unable to sell before expiration. The Company records an estimate of returns and refunds by using

historical return data and comparing to current period sales and accounts receivable. The allowance is recorded as a

reduction in sales with a corresponding reduction in trade accounts receivable.

Sales Incentives Provided to Customers

Disaggregation of Revenue

The following table provides revenue disaggregated by product category (in thousands):



	13 Weeks Ended				52 Weeks Ended
	June 1, 2019		June 2, 2018		June 1, 2019		June 2, 2018
Non-specialty shell egg sales	$	150,860	$	294,892	$	810,306	$	956,909
Specialty shell egg sales	113,835		124,400		478,057		467,469
Co-pack specialty shell egg sales	6,057		7,216		26,112		26,092
Egg products	8,852		14,435		41,508		43,519
Other	968		2,152		5,205		8,943
	$	280,572	$	443,095	$	1,361,188	$	1,502,932

Contract Costs

The Company can incur costs to obtain or fulfill a contract with a customer. The amortization period of these costs is less than one year; therefore, they are expensed as incurred.

Contract Balances

The Company receives payment from customers based on specified terms that are generally less than 30 days from

delivery. There are rarely contract assets or liabilities related to performance under the contract.

Impact of Adoption

The Company adopted the revenue recognition standard (“ASU 2014-09”) on June 3, 2018 utilizing the full retrospective method. The Company’s assessment efforts included an evaluation of certain revenue contracts with customers and related sales incentives. Adoption of ASU 2014-09 did not have an impact on the Company’s results of operations or financial position; therefore, there was no adjustment to previously reported results.

Note 18. Related Party Transaction

At a special meeting on July 20, 2018, the Company’s stockholders approved amendments to the Company’s certificate of incorporation in order to facilitate estate planning for the Company's founder and Chairman Emeritus, Mr. Fred R. Adams, Jr. The Company incurred legal and other fees in conjunction with these amendments. In connection with the negotiations relating to these amendments, Mr. Adams, through a conservatorship of which Mrs. Jean Reed Adams

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(the spouse of Mr. Adams) and Mr. Adolphus B. Baker (our Chief Executive Officer and Chairman of the Board) are co-conservators, reimbursed the Company $750,000 of these fees.

SCHEDULE II - VALUATION AND QUALIFYING ACCOUNTS

Years ended June 1, 2019, June 2, 2018, and June 3, 2017

(in thousands)

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	Balance at		Charged to					Balance at
	Beginning of		Cost and			Write-off		End of
Description	Period		Expense			of Accounts		Period

Year ended June 1, 2019
Allowance for doubtful accounts	$	268	$	42		$	104	$	206

Year ended June 2, 2018
Allowance for doubtful accounts	$	386	$	10		$	128	$	268

Year ended June 3, 2017
Allowance for doubtful accounts	$	727	$	(176	)	$	165	$	386

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ITEM 9. CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS ON ACCOUNTING AND FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE

None.

ITEM 9A. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES

Disclosure Controls and Procedures

Our disclosure controls and procedures are designed to provide reasonable assurance that information required to be disclosed by us in the reports we file or submit under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”) is recorded, processed, summarized and reported, within the time periods specified in the Securities and Exchange Commission’s rules and forms. Disclosure controls and procedures include, without limitation, controls and procedures designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by us in the reports that we file or submit under the Exchange Act is accumulated and communicated to management, including our principal executive and principal financial officers, or persons performing similar functions, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. Based on an evaluation of our disclosure controls and procedures conducted by our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, together with other financial officers, such officers concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of June 1, 2019 at the reasonable assurance level.

Internal Control Over Financial Reporting


(a)	Management’s Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

The following sets forth, in accordance with Section 404(a) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 and Item 308 of the Securities and Exchange Commission’s Regulation S-K, the report of management on our internal control over financial reporting.

Our management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting. “Internal control over financial reporting” is a process designed by, or under the supervision of, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, together with other financial officers, and effected by our Board of Directors, management and other personnel, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles and includes those policies and procedures that:


•	Pertain to the maintenance of records that in reasonable detail accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of our assets;


•	Provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that our receipts and expenditures are being made only in accordance with authorizations of our management and directors; and


•	Provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use or disposition of our assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.

Our management, in accordance with Rule 13a-15(c) under the Exchange Act and with the participation of our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, together with other financial officers, evaluated the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting as of June 1, 2019. The framework on which management’s evaluation of our internal control over financial reporting is based is the “Internal Control – Integrated Framework” published in 2013 by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations (“COSO”) of the Treadway Commission.

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3.	Management has determined that our internal control over financial reporting as of June 1, 2019 is effective. It is noted that internal control over financial reporting cannot provide absolute assurance of achieving financial reporting objectives, but rather reasonable assurance of achieving such objectives.


4.	The attestation report of FROST, PLLC on our internal control over financial reporting, which includes that firm’s opinion on the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting, is set forth below.


(b)	Attestation Report of the Registrant’s Public Accounting Firm

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Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

Board of Directors and Stockholders

Cal-Maine Foods, Inc. and Subsidiaries

Jackson, Mississippi

Opinion on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

We have audited Cal-Maine Foods, Inc. and Subsidiaries’ (the “Company”) internal control over financial reporting as of June 1, 2019, based on criteria established in 2013 Internal Control - Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (“COSO”). In our opinion, the Company maintained, in all material respects, effective control over financial reporting as June 1, 2019, based on criteria established in 2013 Internal Control - Integrated Framework issued by the COSO.

We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (“PCAOB”), the consolidated balance sheets and the related consolidated statements of operations, comprehensive income (loss), stockholders’ equity and cash flows of the Company and our report dated July 19, 2019 expressed an unqualified opinion thereon.

Basis for Opinion

The Company’s management is responsible for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting, included in the accompanying Management’s Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting in Item 9A. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the entity’s internal control over financial reporting based on our audit. We are a public accounting firm registered with the PCAOB and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.

We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the PCOAB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects. Our audit of internal control over financial reporting included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, and testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk. Our audit also included performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion.

Definition and Limitations of Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

An entity’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of consolidated financial statements for external purposes in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. An entity’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the entity; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of consolidated financial statements in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America, and that receipts and expenditures of the entity are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the entity; and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the entity’s assets that could have a material effect on the consolidated financial statements.

Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.

/s/Frost, PLLC

Little Rock, Arkansas

July 19, 2019

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(c)	Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

In connection with its evaluation of the effectiveness, as of June 1, 2019, of our internal control over financial reporting, management determined that there was no change in our internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the fourth quarter ended June 1, 2019, that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

ITEM 9B. OTHER INFORMATION

Not applicable.

PART III.

ITEM 10. DIRECTORS, EXECUTIVE OFFICERS AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE

Except as set forth below, the information concerning directors, executive officers and corporate governance required by Item 10 is incorporated by reference from our definitive proxy statement which is to be filed pursuant to Regulation 14A under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 in connection with our 2019 Annual Meeting of Shareholders.

We have adopted a Code of Conduct and Ethics for Directors, Officers and Employees, including the chief executive and principal financial and accounting officers of the Company. We will provide a copy of the code free of charge to any person that requests a copy by writing to:

Cal-Maine Foods, Inc.

P.O. Box 2960

Jackson, Mississippi 39207

Attn.: Investor Relations

Requests can be made by phone at (601) 948-6813

A copy is also available at our website www.calmainefoods.com. We intend to disclose any amendments to, or waivers from, the Code of Conduct and Ethics for Directors, Officers and Employees on our website promptly following the date of any such amendment or waiver. Information contained on our website is not a part of this report.

ITEM 11. EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION

The information concerning executive compensation required by Item 11 is incorporated by reference from our definitive proxy statement which is to be filed pursuant to Regulation 14A under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 in connection with our 2019 Annual Meeting of Shareholders.

ITEM 12. SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT AND RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS

The information concerning security ownership of certain beneficial owners and management and related stockholder matters required by Item 12 is incorporated by reference from our definitive proxy statement which is to be filed pursuant to Regulation 14A under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 in connection with our 2019 Annual Meeting of Shareholders.

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ITEM 13. CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS, AND DIRECTOR INDEPENDENCE

The information concerning certain relationships and related transactions, and director independence required by Item 13 is incorporated by reference from our definitive proxy statement which is to be filed pursuant to Regulation 14A under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 in connection with our 2019 Annual Meeting of Shareholders.

ITEM 14. PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTING FEES AND SERVICES

The information concerning principal accounting fees and services required by Item 14 is incorporated by reference from our definitive proxy statement which is to be filed pursuant to Regulation 14A under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 in connection with our 2019 Annual Meeting of Shareholders.

PART IV.

ITEM 15. EXHIBITS, FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES

(a)(1)Financial Statements

The following consolidated financial statements and notes thereto of Cal-Maine Foods, Inc. and subsidiaries are included in Item 8 and are filed herewith:



Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm.		37

Consolidated Balance Sheets – June 1, 2019 and June 2, 2018		38

Consolidated Statements of Operations – Fiscal Years Ended June 1, 2019, June 2, 2018, and June 3, 2017		39

Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss) – Fiscal Years Ended June 1, 2019, June 2, 2018, and June 3, 2017		40

Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders' Equity for the Fiscal Years Ended June 1, 2019, June 2, 2018, and June 3, 2017		41

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the Fiscal Years Ended June 1, 2019, June 2, 2018, and June 3, 2017		42

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements		43 - 66

(a)(2) Financial Statement Schedule

Schedule II – Valuation and Qualifying Accounts		66

All other schedules are omitted either because they are not applicable or required, or because the required information is included in the financial statements or notes thereto.

(a)(3)Exhibits Required by Item 601 of Regulation S-K

See Part (b) of this Item 15.

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(b)	Exhibits Required by Item 601 of Regulation S-K

The following exhibits are filed herewith or incorporated by reference:



Exhibit Number	Exhibit
3.1	Second Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of the Registrant (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 in the Registrant’s Form 8-K, filed July 20, 2018).
3.2	Composite Bylaws of the Registrant (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.2 in the Registrant’s Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 2, 2013, filed April 5, 2013).
4.1**	Description of Registrant's Securities Registered Under Section 12 of the Exchange Act
10.1	Agreement Regarding Common Stock, including Registration Rights Exhibit (attached) (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Registrant’s Form 8-K, filed June 5, 2018.
10.2*	Deferred Compensation Plan, dated December 28, 2006 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.15 in the Registrant’s Form 8-K, filed January 4, 2007).
10.3	Loan Agreement, dated as of November 12, 2009, between the Registrant and Metropolitan Life Insurance Company (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3(e) in the Registrant’s Form 8-K, filed November 17, 2009).
10.4	Credit Agreement, dated July 10, 2018, among the Registrant and BMO Harris Bank N.A., as Administrative Agent, Swingline Lender and L/C Issuer, BMO Harris Bank N.A. and Greenstone Farm Credit Services, ACA, as lenders, and BMO Capital Markets, as the sole Lead Arranger and sole Book Runner (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 in the Registrant's Form 8-K filed July 10, 2018).
10.5*	Cal-Maine Foods, Inc. KSOP, as amended and restated, effective April 1, 2012 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.4 in the Registrant’s Form S-8, filed March 30, 2012).
10.6*	Cal-Maine Foods, Inc. KSOP Trust, as amended and restated, effective April 1, 2012 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.5 in the Registrant’s Form S-8, filed March 30, 2012).
10.7*	2012 Omnibus Long-Term Incentive Plan (incorporated by reference to Appendix B to the Registrant’s Proxy Statement for the Annual Meeting held October 5, 2012, filed September 6, 2012).
10.8*	Form of Restricted Stock Agreement for 2012 Omnibus Long-Term Incentive Plan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.13 in the Registrant’s Form 10-K for the year ended May 31, 2014, filed July 28, 2014).
21**	Subsidiaries of the Registrant
23.1**	Consent of FROST, PLLC
31.1**	Rule 13a-14(a) Certification of Chief Executive Officer
31.2**	Rule 13a-14(a) Certification of Chief Financial Officer
32***	Section 1350 Certifications of the Chief Executive Officer and the Chief Financial Officer
99.1	Press release dated July 22, 2019 announcing interim and annual financial information (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99.1 in the Company’s Form 8-K, filed July 22, 2019).
101.SCH***+	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document
101.CAL***+	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document
101.DEF***+	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document
101.LAB***+	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document
101.PRE***+	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document


*	Management contract or compensatory plan or arrangement


**	Filed herewith as an Exhibit


***	Furnished herewith as an Exhibit


†	Submitted electronically with this Annual Report on Form 10-K


(c)	Financial Statement Schedules Required by Regulation S-X

The financial statement schedule required by Regulation S-X is filed at page 66. All other schedules for which provision is made in the applicable accounting regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission are not required under the related instructions or are inapplicable and therefore have been omitted.

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SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized, in Jackson, Mississippi.

CAL-MAINE FOODS, INC.



/s/ Adolphus B. Baker
Adolphus B. Baker
Chief Executive Officer and Chairman of the Board
Date:	July 19, 2019

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the registrant and in the capacities and on the dates indicated:



Signature	Title	Date

/s/ Adolphus B. Baker	Chief Executive Officer and	July 19, 2019
Adolphus B. Baker	Chairman of the Board
	(Principal Executive Officer)

/s/ Max P. Bowman	Vice President, Chief Financial	July 19, 2019
Max P. Bowman	Officer and Director
	(Principal Financial Officer)

/s/ Michael D. Castleberry	Vice President, Controller	July 19, 2019
Michael D. Castleberry	(Principal Accounting Officer)

/s/ Sherman L. Miller	President, Chief Operating	July 19, 2019
Sherman L. Miller	Officer and Director

/s/ Letitia C. Hughes	Director	July 19, 2019
Letitia C. Hughes

/s/ James E. Poole	Director	July 19, 2019
James E. Poole

/s/ Steve W. Sanders	Director	July 19, 2019
Steve W. Sanders