Calidi Biotherapeutics, Inc. - Quarter Report: 2023 September (Form 10-Q)

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

FOR THE QUARTERLY PERIOD ENDED SEPTEMBER 30, 2023

or

Commission File Number 001-40789

Calidi Biotherapeutics, Inc.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

(858) 794-9600

(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files). Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No ☒

As of November 10, 2023, the registrant had 35,436,381 shares of common stock, $0.0001 par value, outstanding.

Calidi Biotherapeutics, Inc.

FORM 10-Q

TABLE OF CONTENTS

PART I - FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1. Financial Statements

CALIDI BIOTHERAPEUTICS, INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

(In thousands, except for par value data)

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

CALIDI BIOTHERAPEUTICS, INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS

(In thousands, except per share data)

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

CALIDI BIOTHERAPEUTICS, INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE LOSS

(In thousands)

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

CALIDI BIOTHERAPEUTICS, INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CONVERTIBLE PREFERRED STOCK AND STOCKHOLDERS’ DEFICIT

(Unaudited)

(In thousands, except share amounts)

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

CALIDI BIOTHERAPEUTICS, INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

(In thousands)

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

CALIDI BIOTHERAPEUTICS, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Unaudited)

1. Organization and Nature of Operations

Calidi Biotherapeutics, Inc. (“Calidi”), founded in 2014 and reincorporated in the state of Delaware in 2023 (see Business Combination in this Note and in Note 3), is a clinical stage immuno-oncology company developing and commercializing novel stem cell-based platforms for delivery and potentiation of oncolytic viruses for the treatment of cancer. Calidi is developing a pipeline of off-the-shelf allogeneic cell product candidates that are designed to: (i) protect oncolytic viruses from complement inactivation and innate immune cell inactivation by the body’s immune system; (ii) support oncolytic viral amplification in the allogeneic cells, and (iii) modify the tumor microenvironment to facilitate tumor cell targeting and viral amplification at the tumor sites for an extended period of time, potentially leading to an improved cancer therapy. Calidi’s most advanced product candidates are discussed below.

CLD-101 (NeuroNova^™ Platform) for newly diagnosed High Grade Glioma (“HGG”) (also referred to as “NNV1” as to the indication) is composed of an immortalized neural stem cell line loaded with an engineered oncolytic adeno virus for the treatment of HGG. NNV1 is a licensed program from Northwestern University (“Northwestern”) which Calidi obtained the rights for commercialization in June 2021 (see Note 14). A phase I clinical trial for NNV1 in patients with newly diagnosed high-grade gliomas was completed by Northwestern in June 2021.

CLD-101 for recurrent HGG (also referred to as “NNV2” as to the recurrent HGG indication) is a licensed program under development for patents covering cancer therapies using the same CLD-101 (NeuroNova^™ Platform) for recurrent HGG. Calidi licensed this product candidate in July 2021 pursuant to an agreement with City of Hope for the commercial development of NNV2 (see Note 14).

CLD-201 (SuperNova^™) for advanced solid tumors (also referred to as “SNV1”), composed of allogeneic adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (AD-MSC) loaded with the tumor selective oncolytic vaccinia virus Calidi refers to as “CAL1”. SNV1 is an internally developed product candidate for which Calidi’s primary indications are for the treatment of advanced solid tumors, including head and neck cancer, triple-negative breast cancer and melanoma.

Calidi is also developing engineered oncolytic vaccinia virus constructs as well as allogeneic cell-based platforms with improved systemic anti-tumor immunity in the exploratory stages of development.

Calidi’s operations to date have focused on organization and staffing, business planning, raising capital, licensing, acquiring and developing technology, establishing intellectual property portfolio, identifying potential product candidates and undertaking preclinical studies, process development and procuring manufacturing for preclinical and clinical trials. Calidi’s product candidates are subject to long development cycles and Calidi may be unsuccessful in its efforts to develop, obtain regulatory approval for or market its product candidates.

Calidi is subject to risks and uncertainties common to early-stage companies in the biotechnology industry, including, but not limited to, possible failure of preclinical studies or clinical trials, the need to obtain marketing approval for its product candidates, development by competitors of new technological innovations, dependence on key personnel, protection of proprietary technology, compliance with government regulations, the need to successfully commercialize and gain market acceptance of any of Calidi’s products that are approved and the ability to secure additional capital to fund operations. Product candidates currently under development will require significant additional research and development efforts, including extensive preclinical and clinical testing, and regulatory approval prior to commercialization. These efforts require significant amounts of additional capital, adequate personnel and infrastructure, and extensive compliance-reporting capabilities. Even if Calidi’s drug development efforts are successful, it is uncertain when, if ever, Calidi will realize significant revenue from product sales.

Business Combination

On September 12, 2023, First Light Acquisition Group, Inc., a Delaware corporation (“FLAG”) consummated a series of transactions that resulted in the merger of FLAG Merger Sub Inc., a Nevada corporation, a wholly-owned subsidiary of FLAG (“Merger Sub”) and Calidi pursuant to the Agreement and Plan of Merger (as the same has been or may be amended, modified, supplemented or waived from time to time, the “Merger Agreement”) dated as of January 9, 2023 by and among FLAG, Calidi, First Light Acquisition Group, LLC, in the capacity as representative for the stockholders of FLAG (the “Sponsor” or the “Purchaser Representative”) and Allan Camaisa, in the capacity as representative of the stockholders of Calidi (“Seller Representative”). On August 22, 2023, FLAG held a special meeting of stockholders, which was adjourned to and reconvened on August 24, 2023, and further adjourned to and reconvened on August 28, 2023, at which meeting the FLAG stockholders considered and adopted, among other matters, a proposal to approve the business combination. Pursuant to the terms of the Merger Agreement, the business combination was effected through the merger of Merger Sub with and into Calidi, with Calidi surviving such merger as a wholly-owned subsidiary of FLAG (the “FLAG Merger,” and the transactions contemplated by the Merger Agreement, the “Business Combination”). Following the consummation of the Business Combination, FLAG was renamed “Calidi Biotherapeutics, Inc.”

Previous Agreement and Plan of Merger with Edoc Acquisition Corp. and other Investors

On February 2, 2022, Edoc Acquisition Corp., a Cayman Islands corporation (together with its successors, “Edoc”), entered into an Agreement and Plan of Merger (the “Edoc Merger Agreement”) with Edoc Merger Sub Inc., a Nevada corporation and newly formed wholly-owned subsidiary of Edoc, American Physicians LLC, a Delaware limited liability company (“Sponsor”) and Calidi.

On August 11, 2022, the previously announced Edoc Merger Agreement was terminated by Calidi effective as of that date.

Liquidity and Going concern

The condensed financial statements have been prepared on a going concern basis, which contemplates the realization of assets and settlement of liabilities in the normal course of business, and do not include any adjustments to reflect the possible future effects on the recoverability and classification of assets or amounts and classification of liabilities that may result from the outcome of this uncertainty.

The Company has experienced recurring net losses from operations and negative cash flows from operating activities, has a significant accumulated deficit and expects to continue to incur net losses into the foreseeable future. The Company had an accumulated deficit of $91.3 million at September 30, 2023. During the first nine months of 2023, the Company used $21.8 million for operating activities. As of September 30, 2023, the Company had cash of $10.1 million and restricted cash of $0.2 million. Management expects operating losses and negative cash flows to continue for the foreseeable future.

Calidi is currently seeking to execute a Common Stock Purchase Agreement (also referred to as the equity line of credit or “ELOC”) and is currently in negotiations; however, nothing has been agreed to with the counterparty as of the issuance of the accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements as of and for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023. Therefore, there can be no assurance that the ELOC will be secured and any funds will be available to Calidi in the future.

Management estimates that based on the Company’s liquidity resources, there is substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern within 12 months from the date of issuance of the financial statements.

Management’s ability to continue as a going concern is dependent upon its ability to raise additional funding. Management’s plans to raise additional capital through public or private equity or debt financings to fulfill its operating and capital requirements for at least 12 months from the date of the issuance of the financial statements. However, the Company may not be able to secure such financing in a timely manner or on favorable terms, if at all. Furthermore, if the Company issues equity securities to raise additional funds, its existing stockholders may experience dilution, and the new equity securities may have rights, preferences and privileges senior to those of the Company’s existing stockholders.

Risks and uncertainties

Changes in economic conditions, including rising interest rates, public health issues, including the recent COVID-19 pandemic, lower consumer confidence, volatile equity capital markets, ongoing supply chain disruptions and the impacts of geopolitical conflicts, may affect Calidi’s operations.

2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Unaudited interim financial information

The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements as of September 30, 2023, and for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, have been prepared in accordance with the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) and in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”) for interim financial reporting. Accordingly, these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements do not include all of the information and footnotes required by U.S. GAAP for complete financial statements. In the opinion of management, these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements contain all adjustments necessary, all of which are of a normal and recurring nature, to state fairly Calidi’s financial position, results of operations and cash flows. Interim results are not necessarily indicative of results for a full year or future periods. These unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with Calidi’s audited consolidated financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2022 in the Company’s Form S-1, which was filed with the SEC on October 6, 2023.

As described in Note 1 and Note 3, pursuant to the effected Business Combination where Calidi was determined to be the accounting acquirer in connection with the FLAG Merger, for periods prior to the FLAG Merger, the condensed consolidated financial statements were prepared on a stand-alone basis for Former Calidi and did not include the combined entities activity or financial position. Subsequent to the FLAG Merger, the condensed consolidated financial statements as of and for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 include the acquired business from September 12, 2023 through September 30, 2023, and assets and liabilities at their acquisition date fair value. Historical share and per share figures of the Former Calidi have been retroactively restated based on the exchange ratio of approximately 0.41 (the “Conversion Ratio”).

Any reference in these notes to applicable guidance is meant to refer to the authoritative U.S. GAAP as found in the Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) and Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) of the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”).

Principles of consolidation

The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements of Calidi include the accounts of its wholly owned subsidiary, StemVac GmbH (“StemVac”), a company organized under the laws of Germany, and Calidi Biotherapeutics Australia Pty Ltd (“Calidi Australia”), a wholly owned Australian subsidiary. StemVac’s primary operating activities include process development and other research and development activities for the SNV1 program performed for Calidi under a cost-plus intercompany development agreement funded by Calidi. Calidi Australia’s principal purpose is for conducting a part of the SNV1 clinical trials in Australia.

Variable interest entities (“VIEs”) are legal entities that either have an insufficient amount of equity at risk for the entity to finance its activities without additional subordinated financial support or, as a group, the holders of equity investment at risk lack the ability to direct the entity’s activities that most significantly impact economic performance through voting or similar rights, or do not have the obligation to absorb the expected losses or the right to receive expected residual returns of the entity.

For all VIEs in which Calidi is involved, it assesses whether it is the primary beneficiary on an ongoing basis. In circumstances where Calidi has both the power to direct the activities that most significantly impact the VIEs performance and the obligation to absorb losses or the right to receive the benefits of the VIE that could be significant, Calidi would conclude that it is the primary beneficiary of the VIE, and Calidi consolidates the VIE. In situations where Calidi is not deemed to be the primary beneficiary of the VIE, it does not consolidate the VIE and only recognizes Calidi’s interests in the VIE.

Calidi Cure LLC (“Calidi Cure”), a Delaware limited liability company formed in June 2023, is a special purpose vehicle entity that is solely managed and operated by Allan J. Camaisa, Chief Executive Officer and Chairman of the Board of Directors of Calidi. Calidi Cure was created for the sole purpose of supporting the Series B Convertible Preferred Stock financing arrangement for Calidi (see Note 10), has no other operations, and will be dissolved as soon as practicable following the closing of the business combination between Calidi and FLAG. As such, the level of equity in Calidi Cure is not sufficient to permit the entity to finance its activities without additional subordinated financial support provided by other parties. Accordingly, it was determined that Calidi Cure is a VIE and Calidi is the primary beneficiary. As such, Calidi has consolidated Calidi Cure into its unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements presented herein.

The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements include all adjustments, consisting only of normal recurring adjustments, necessary for a fair presentation of Calidi’s financial condition and results of operations. All material intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.

Use of estimates

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, and contingent assets and liabilities, at the date of the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements, and the reported amounts during the reporting period. On an ongoing basis, management evaluates estimates which are subject to significant judgment, including, but not limited to, valuation methods used, assumptions requiring the use of judgment to prepare financial projections, timing of potential commercialization of acquired in-process intangible assets, applicable discount rates, comparable companies or transactions, liquidity events, determination of fair value of financial instruments under the fair value option of accounting, assumptions related to the going concern assessments, allocation of direct and indirect expenses, useful lives associated with long- lived assets, key assumptions in operating and financing leases including incremental borrowing rates, loss contingencies, valuation allowances related to deferred income taxes, assumptions used to value common stock, debt and debt-like instruments, warrants, and stock-based awards and other equity instruments. Actual results may differ materially from those estimates.

Restricted cash

Calidi classifies cash that has contractual or legal restrictions imposed by third parties as restricted cash, which is restricted as to withdrawal or use except for the specified purpose under a contract. Calidi classifies restricted cash as either part of prepaids and other current assets, or as part of other noncurrent assets, depending on the term and nature of the underlying contract with a financial institution, which requires Calidi to hold a fixed amount of funds in a restricted money market account as collateral to the financial institution for Calidi’s corporate credit card program with that financial institution.

The following table provides a reconciliation of cash and restricted cash reported within the balance sheet dates that comprise the total of the same such amounts shown in the unaudited condensed consolidated statements of cash flows in accordance with ASU 2016-18 (in thousands):

 Schedule of Cash and Cash Equivalents

Leases

Calidi accounts for leases in accordance with ASC 842, Leases. Calidi determines if an arrangement is a lease at inception. Leases are classified as either finance or operating, with classification affecting the pattern of expense recognition in the unaudited condensed consolidated statements of operations. When determining whether a lease is a finance lease or an operating lease, ASC 842 does not specifically define criteria to determine “major part of remaining economic life of the underlying asset” and “substantially all of the fair value of the underlying asset.” For lease classification determination, Calidi continues to use: (i) greater than or equal to 75% to determine whether the lease term is a major part of the remaining economic life of the underlying asset; and (ii) greater than or equal to 90% to determine whether the present value of the sum of lease payments is substantially all of the fair value of the underlying asset. Calidi accounts for the lease and non-lease components as a single lease component.

For operating leases, Calidi recognizes right-of-use (“ROU”) assets and lease liabilities for leases with terms greater than 12 months in the consolidated balance sheet, while leases with terms of 12 months or less are not capitalized. ROU assets represent the right to use an underlying asset during the lease term and lease liabilities represent the obligation to make lease payments arising from the lease. Operating lease ROU assets and liabilities are recognized at commencement date based on the present value of lease payments over the lease term. As most leases do not provide an implicit rate, Calidi uses an incremental borrowing rate based on the information available at commencement date in determining the present value of lease payments. Calidi uses the implicit rate when it is readily determinable. The operating lease ROU asset also includes any lease payments made and excludes lease incentives. Lease terms may include options to extend or terminate the lease when it is reasonably certain that Calidi will exercise that option. Lease expense for lease payments is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term. Calidi discloses the amortization of ROU assets and operating lease payments as a net amount, “Amortization of right-of-use assets and liabilities”, on the unaudited condensed consolidated statements of cash flows.

Finance leases are included in machinery and equipment, and in finance lease liabilities, current and noncurrent, in the consolidated balance sheets.

See Note 14 for the San Diego office lease which commenced on March 1, 2023, and was accounted for as an operating lease in accordance with ASC 842.

Fair value option of accounting

When financial instruments contain various embedded derivatives which may require bifurcation and separate accounting of those derivatives apart from the entire host instrument, if eligible, ASC 825, Financial Instruments allows issuers to elect the fair value option (“FVO”) of accounting for those instruments. The FVO may be elected on an instrument-by-instrument basis and is irrevocable unless a new election date occurs. The FVO allows the issuer to account for the entire financial instrument at fair value with subsequent remeasurements of that fair value recorded through the statements of operations at each reporting date. A financial instrument is generally eligible for the FVO if, amongst other factors, no part of the convertible, or contingently convertible, instrument is classified in stockholder’s equity and the instrument does not contain a beneficial conversion feature at issuance. In addition, because a contingent beneficial conversion feature, if any, is not separately recognized within stockholders’ equity at the issuance date, a convertible debt instrument with a contingent beneficial conversion feature is therefore eligible for the FVO if all other criteria are met.

Based on the eligibility assessment discussed above, Calidi concluded that its contingently convertible notes payable and certain term notes payable are eligible for the FVO and accordingly elected the FVO for those debt instruments. This election was made because of operational efficiencies in valuing and reporting for these debt instruments in their entirety at each reporting date (see Note 4 and Note 8 for additional disclosures).

Contingently convertible notes payable and related party contingently convertible notes payable, which include the related contingently issuable warrants, (collectively referred to as “CCNPs”), contain a number of embedded derivatives, such as settlement of the contingent conversion features with variable number of shares of common stock, features which require bifurcation and separate accounting under GAAP, for which Calidi elected the FVO for the entire CCNP instrument. In addition, certain term notes payable and related party term notes payable were issued with separately exercisable and freestanding warrants to purchase common stock, were issued with substantial discounts at issuance and contained certain embedded derivatives to be bifurcated and accounted for separately for those term notes, unless the FVO is eligible and elected. Accordingly, Calidi qualified for and elected the FVO for the entire term notes payable instruments. Both the CCNP and the term notes payable, inclusive of their respective accrued interest at their stated interest rates (collectively referred to as the “FVO debt instruments”) were initially recorded at fair value as liabilities on the unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheets and were subsequently re-measured at fair value at the end of each reporting period presented within the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements. The changes in the fair value of the FVO debt instruments are recorded in changes in fair value of debt and change in fair value of debt — related party, included as a component of other income and expenses, net, in the unaudited condensed consolidated statements of operations. The change in fair value related to the accrued interest components is also included within the single line of change in fair value of debt and change in fair value of debt — related party on the unaudited condensed consolidated statements of operations. See additional information on valuation methodologies and significant assumptions used in Note 4.

Warrants

The Company accounts for warrants as either equity-classified or liability-classified instruments based on an assessment of the warrant’s specific terms and applicable authoritative guidance in ASC 480, Distinguishing Liabilities from Equity, and ASC 815, Derivatives and Hedging. Warrants that meet the definition of a derivative financial instrument and the equity scope exception in ASC 815-10-15-74(a) are classified as equity and are not subject to remeasurement provided that the Company continues to meet the criteria for equity classification. Warrants that are classified as liabilities are accounted for at fair value and remeasured at each reporting date until exercise, expiration, or modification that results in equity classification. Any change in the fair value of the warrants is recognized as change in fair value of warrant liabilities in the unaudited condensed consolidated statements of operations. The classification of warrants, including whether warrants should be recorded as liabilities or as equity, is re-assessed at the end of each reporting period. The fair value of liability-classified warrants is determined using the Black-Scholes options pricing model (“Black-Scholes model”) which includes Level 3 inputs as further discussed in Note 4.

Fair value measurements

Calidi follows ASC 820, Fair Value Measurement, which among other things, defines fair value, establishes a consistent framework for measuring fair value and expands disclosure for each major asset and liability category measured at fair value on either a recurring or nonrecurring basis. Fair value is an exit price, representing the amount that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants. Accordingly, fair value is a market-based measurement determined based on assumptions that market participants would use in pricing an asset or liability. The fair value hierarchy requires an entity to maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs when measuring fair value.

ASC 820 establishes a fair value hierarchy based on three levels of inputs, of which the first two are considered observable and the last unobservable, that may be used to measure fair value, which are as follows:

When quoted market prices are available in active markets, the fair value of assets and liabilities is estimated within Level 1 of the valuation hierarchy. If quoted prices are not available, then fair values are estimated by using pricing models, quoted prices of assets and liabilities with similar characteristics, or discounted cash flows, within Level 2 of the valuation hierarchy. In cases where Level 1 or Level 2 inputs are not available, the fair values are estimated by using inputs within Level 3 of the hierarchy. See Note 4 for fair value measurements.

Common stock valuations

Prior to the Business Combination, the Company was required to periodically estimate the fair value of its common stock with the assistance of an independent third-party valuation firm when issuing stock options and computing estimated stock-based compensation expense. The assumptions underlying these valuations represented the Company’s best estimates, which involved inherent uncertainties and the application of significant levels of judgment. In order to determine the fair value of its common stock, the Company considered, among other items, previous transactions involving the sale of Company securities, the business, financial condition and results of operations, economic and industry trends, the market performance of comparable publicly traded companies, and the lack of marketability of the Company’s common stock.

Subsequent to the Business Combination, the Company now determines the fair value of common stock based on the closing market price at closing on the date of grant.

Stock-Based Compensation

Stock-based compensation expense related to stock options is measured at the grant date based on the fair value of the equity award and is recognized as expense over the requisite service period, which is generally the vesting period, on the straight-line method. The Company estimates the fair value of each stock option award on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes option pricing model. Determining the fair value of stock option awards at the grant date requires judgment, including estimating the expected volatility, expected term, risk-free interest rate, and expected dividends. The Company recognizes forfeitures as they occur. The reversal of compensation cost previously recognized for an award that is forfeited because of a failure to satisfy a service or performance condition is recognized in the period of the forfeiture.

Classification of Founders, Series A-1, and Series A-2 convertible preferred stock

Calidi originally classified its Founders, Series A-1 and Series A-2 convertible preferred stock (collectively “Convertible Preferred Stock”) outside of permanent equity because the Convertible Preferred Stock contained certain redemption features that result in those shares being redeemable upon the occurrence of certain events that are not solely within Calidi’s control, including liquidation, sale or transfer of control. Accordingly, the Convertible Preferred Stock was recorded outside of permanent equity and was subject to the classification guidance provided under ASC 480-10-S99. Because dividends were not contractually required to be accrued on the Convertible Preferred Stock as there was no stated or required dividend rate per annum, Calidi was not required the accrete dividends into the carrying amount of the Convertible Preferred Stock in anticipation of a future contingent event or redemption value. Accordingly, Calidi did not adjust the carrying values of the Convertible Preferred Stock to the respective liquidation preferences of such shares because of the uncertainty of whether or when such events would occur. As of September 30, 2023, all shares of Convertible Preferred Stock were converted into common stock pursuant to their provisions in connection with the FLAG Merger closed on September 12, 2023 (see Note 10).

Classification of Series B convertible preferred stock – liability classified

Calidi originally classified its Series B convertible preferred stock (“Series B Convertible Preferred Stock”) as a liability pursuant to the classification guidance provided under ASC 480-10-25-14, Distinguishing Liabilities from Equity, as it was considered an unconditional obligation to issue a variable number of shares. The liability was initially measured at fair value and subsequently remeasured at fair value each reporting period with the changes being recorded in the unaudited condensed consolidated statements of operations as a non-cash gain or loss, as applicable.

As of September 30, 2023, all Series B Convertible Preferred Stock was converted into common stock in connection with the FLAG Merger closed on September 12, 2023, and in accordance with the conversion provisions in the Series B Convertible Preferred Stock agreements (see Note 10).

Forward Purchase Agreement

On August 28, 2023, and August 29, 2023, FLAG and Calidi entered into forward purchase agreements (each a “Forward Purchase Agreement”, and together, the “Forward Purchase Agreement”) with each of Meteora Strategic Capital, LLC (“MSC”), Meteora Capital Partners, LP (“MCP”), Meteora Select Trading Opportunities Master, LP (“MSTO”), Great Point Capital LLC (“Great Point”), Funicular Funds, LP (“Funicular Funds”) and Marybeth Wootton (“Wootton”) (with each of MSC, MCP, MSTO, Great Point, Funicular, and Wootton, individually a “Seller”, and together, the “Sellers”) for an OTC Equity Prepaid Forward Transaction. For purposes of the Forward Purchase Agreement, FLAG is referred to as the “Counterparty” prior to the consummation of the business combination), while Calidi is referred to as the “Counterparty” after the consummation of the business combination. Capitalized terms used herein but not otherwise defined shall have the meanings ascribed to such terms in the Forward Purchase Agreement.

Pursuant to the terms of the Forward Purchase Agreements, each Sellers intends to purchase up to a number of shares of Class A Common Stock, par value $0.0001 per share, of FLAG (“FLAG Class A Common Stock”) in the aggregate amount equal to up to 1,000,000, concurrently with the Closing pursuant to each Seller’s respective FPA Funding Amount PIPE Subscription Agreement, less, the number of FLAG Class A Common Stock purchased by each Seller separately from third parties through a broker in the open market (“Recycled Shares”).

The Forward Purchase Agreements provide that Sellers will be paid directly an aggregate cash amount (the “Prepayment Amount”) equal to the product of (i) the Number of Shares as set forth in each Pricing Date Notice and (ii) the redemption price per share as defined in Section 9.2(a) of FLAG’s Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation, as amended (the “Initial Price”) less (iii) an amount in USD equal to 0.50% of the product of (i) the Recycled Shares multiplied by (ii) the Initial Price paid by Seller to Counterparty on the Prepayment Date (which amount shall be netted from the Prepayment Amount) (the “Prepayment Shortfall”).

The Counterparty will pay to Seller the Prepayment Amount required under the respective Forward Purchase Agreement directly from the Counterparty’s Trust Account maintained by Continental Stock Transfer and Trust Company holding the net proceeds of the sale of the units in the Counterparty’s initial public offering and the sale of private placement warrants (the “Trust Account”) no later than the earlier of (a) one business day after the Closing Date and (b) the date any assets from the Trust Account are disbursed in connection with the Business Combination, except that to the extent the Prepayment Amount payable to a Seller is to be paid from the purchase of Additional Shares by such Seller pursuant to the terms of its FPA Funding Amount PIPE Subscription Agreement, such amount will be netted against such proceeds, with such Seller being able to reduce the purchase price for the Additional Shares by the Prepayment Amount.

Following the Closing, the reset price (the “Reset Price”) will initially be $10.00; provided, however, that the Reset Price may be reduced immediately to any lower price at which the Counterparty sells, issues or grants any FLAG Class A Common Stock or securities convertible or exchangeable into FLAG Class A Common Stock (excluding any secondary transfers) (a “Dilutive Offering”), then the Reset Price shall be modified to equal such reduced price as of such date.

From time to time and on any date following the Trade Date (any such date, an “OET Date”), Seller may, in its discretion, terminate its Forward Purchase Agreement in whole or in part by providing written notice to the Counterparty (the “OET Notice”), by the later of (a) the fifth Local Business Day following the OET Date and (b) no later than the next Payment Date following the OET Date (which shall specify the quantity by which the Number of Shares shall be reduced (such quantity, the “Terminated Shares”)); provided that “Terminated Shares” includes only such quantity of Shares by which the Number of Shares is to be reduced and included in an OET Notice and does not include any other Share sales, Shortfall Sale Shares or sales of Shares that are designated as Shortfall Sales (which designation can be made only up to the amount of Shortfall Sale Proceeds), any Share Consideration sales or any other Shares, whether or not sold, which shares will not be included in any OET Notice when calculating the number of Terminated Shares. The effect of an OET Notice shall be to reduce the Number of Shares by the number of Terminated Shares specified in such OET Notice with effect as of the related OET Date. As of each OET Date, the Counterparty shall be entitled to an amount from the Seller, and the Seller shall pay to the Counterparty an amount, equal to the product of (x) the number of Terminated Shares and (y) the Reset Price in respect of such OET Date, except that no such amount will be due to Counterparty upon any Shortfall Sale. The payment date may be changed within a quarter at the mutual agreement of the parties.

From time to time and on any date following the Trade Date (any such date, a “Shortfall Sale Date”) Seller may, in its absolute discretion, at any sales price, sell Shortfall Sale Shares, and in connection with such sales, Seller shall provide written notice to Counterparty (the “Shortfall Sale Notice”) no later than the later of (a) the fifth Local Business Day following the Shortfall Sales Date and (b) the first Payment Date after the Shortfall Sales Date, specifying the quantity of the Shortfall Sale Shares and the allocation of the Shortfall Sale Proceeds. Seller shall not have any Early Termination Obligation in connection with any Shortfall Sales. The Counterparty covenants and agrees for a period of at least sixty (60) Local Business Days (commencing on the Prepayment Date or if an earlier Registration Request is submitted by Seller on the Registration Statement Effective Date) not to issue, sell or offer or agree to sell any Shares, or securities or debt that is convertible, exercisable or exchangeable into Shares, including under any existing or future equity line of credit, until the Shortfall Sales equal the Prepayment Shortfall.

Unless and until the proceeds from Shortfall Sales equal 100% of the Prepayment Shortfall, in the event that the product of (x) the difference between (i) the number of Shares as specified in the Pricing Date Notice(s), less (ii) any Shortfall Sale Shares as of such measurement time, multiplied by (y) the VWAP Price, is less than (z) the difference between (i) the Prepayment Shortfall, less (ii) the proceeds from Shortfall Sales as of such measurement time (the “Shortfall Variance”), then the Counterparty, as liquidated damages in respect of such Shortfall Variance, at its option shall within five (5) Local Business Days either:

(A) Pay in cash an amount equal to the Shortfall Variance; or

(B) Issue and deliver to Seller such number of additional Shares that are equal to (1) the Shortfall Variance, divided by (2) 90% of the VWAP Price (the “Shortfall Variance Shares”).

The valuation date will be the earliest to occur of (a) 36 months after of the Closing Date, (b) the date specified by a Seller in a written notice to be delivered to the Counterparty at a Seller’s discretion (which Valuation Date shall not be earlier than the day such notice is effective) after the occurrence of any of (v) a Shortfall Variance Registration Failure, (w) a VWAP Trigger Event (x) a Delisting Event, (y) a Registration Failure or (z) unless otherwise specified therein, upon any Additional Termination Event and (c) the date specified by Seller in a written notice to be delivered to Counterparty at Seller’s sole discretion (which Valuation Date shall not be earlier than the day such notice is effective) (the “Valuation Date”).

On the Cash Settlement Payment Date, which is the tenth business day following the last day of the valuation period commencing on the Valuation Date, a Seller shall pay the Counterparty a cash amount equal to either: (1) in the event that the Valuation Date is determined by clause (c) of the Valuation Date definition, a cash amount equal to (A) the Number of Shares as of the Valuation Date, multiplied by (2) the closing price of the Shares on the Exchange Business Day immediately preceding the Valuation Date, or (2) (A) the Number of Shares as of the Valuation Date less the number of Unregistered Shares, multiplied by (B) the volume-weighted daily VWAP Price over the Valuation Period less (3) if the Settlement Amount Adjustment is less than the cash amount to be paid, the Settlement Amount Adjustment. The Settlement Amount Adjustment is equal to (1) the Maximum Number of Shares as of the Valuation Date multiplied by (2) $2.00 per share, and the Settlement Amount Adjustment will be automatically netted from the Settlement Amount. If the Settlement Amount Adjustment exceeds the Settlement Amount, the Counterparty will pay the Seller in FLAG Class A Common Stock or, at the Counterparty’s election, in cash.

Seller has agreed to waive any redemption rights under FLAG’s Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation, as amended, with respect to any FLAG Class A Common Stock purchased through the FPA Funding Amount PIPE Subscription Agreement and any Recycled Shares in connection with the Business Combination, that would require redemption by FLAG of the Class A Common Stock. The Forward Purchase Agreement has been structured, and all activity in connection with such agreement has been undertaken, to comply with the requirements of all tender offer regulations applicable to the Business Combination under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended.

During the 36-month term of the Forward Purchase Agreement, if the Sellers liquidate the 1,000,000 shares in the market above $10.00 per share, then Calidi will be entitled to receive up to $10.0 million in cash from the Sellers pursuant to the Forward Purchase Agreement. If the Sellers liquidate the shares below $10.00 per share, then Calidi will be entitled to the price sold less $2.00 per share, from the Sellers. No proceeds will be available to Calidi if the Forward Purchase Agreement shares are sold below $2.00 per share. The Forward Purchase Agreement may be terminated earlier by the Sellers if certain default events occur, including the stock price trading below defined thresholds for a defined period. In no event will Calidi be obligated to pay cash to the Sellers during the term of the Forward Purchase Agreement or at its expiration.

Derivative financial instruments

Calidi does not use derivative instruments to hedge exposures to cash flow, market, or foreign currency risks. Calidi evaluates all of its financial instruments, including warrants, to determine if such instruments are derivatives or contain features that qualify as embedded derivatives in accordance with ASC 815 Derivatives and Hedging. Calidi values its derivatives using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model or other acceptable valuation models, as applicable, with the assistance of valuation specialists. Derivative instruments accounted for as liabilities are valued at inception and subsequent valuation dates for each reporting period the derivative instrument remains outstanding. The classification of derivative instruments, including whether such instruments should be recorded as liabilities, is reassessed at each reporting period.

Calidi reviews the terms of other financial instruments such as convertible and contingently convertible secured debt, equity instruments, including warrants and other financing arrangements to determine whether there are embedded derivative features, including embedded conversion options that are required to be bifurcated and accounted for separately as a derivative financial instrument in accordance with ASC 815. Additionally, in connection with the issuance of financing instruments, Calidi may issue freestanding options or warrants, including options or warrants to non-employees in exchange for consulting or other services performed.

Calidi evaluates equity or liability classification for common stock warrants in accordance with ASC 480, Distinguishing Liabilities from Equity, and ASC 815 and accounts for common stock warrants as liabilities if the warrant requires net cash settlement or gives the holder the option of net cash settlement or it otherwise does not meet other equity classification criteria. Calidi accounts for common stock warrants as equity if the contract requires physical settlement or net physical settlement or if Calidi has the option of physical settlement or net physical settlement and the warrants meet the requirements to be classified as equity. Common stock warrants classified as liabilities are initially recorded at fair value and remeasured at fair value at each subsequent reporting period with the offset adjustments recorded in change in fair value of warrant liability within the unaudited condensed consolidated statements of operations. Common stock warrants classified as equity are initially measured at fair value on the grant date and are not subsequently remeasured.

As of December 31, 2022, Calidi did not have any freestanding derivative financial instruments, or embedded derivative financial instruments that were accounted for separately from its host contract pursuant to ASC 815 and the above discussion on the FVO debt instruments (see Note 8).

As of September 30, 2023, the Forward Purchase Agreement discussed above was accounted for as a derivative asset under ASC 815 – Derivatives and Hedging. The fair value of the Forward Purchase Agreement at the closing of the Business Combination was estimated to be a $4.5 million asset with a corresponding amount recorded in equity at the Closing. As of September 30, 2023, the asset was revalued and estimated to have a fair value of $1.3 million. There can be no assurance that any proceeds from the Sellers will be made to Calidi under the Forward Purchase Agreement.

Debt issuance costs

Debt issuance costs incurred to obtain debt financings are deferred and are amortized over the term of the debt using the effective interest method for all debt financings in which the fair value option has not been elected. Debt issuance costs on debt financings in which the fair value option is not elected are recorded as a reduction to the carrying value of the debt and are amortized to interest expense or interest expense — related party, as applicable, in the unaudited condensed consolidated statements of operations.

For any debt financing in which Calidi has elected the fair value option, any debt issuance costs associated with the debt financing are immediately recognized in interest expense in the unaudited condensed consolidated statements of operations and are not deferred (see above discussion on the FVO election and Note 8).

Government grants

On October 27, 2022, the California Institute for Regenerative Medicine (“CIRM”) approved Calidi’s application for a CIRM grant for Calidi’s continued development of the SNV1 program. CIRM awarded Calidi approximately $3.1 million of CIRM funding conditioned that Calidi co-fund approximately $0.8 million under the requirements of the CIRM application. On December 28, 2022, Calidi received the Notice of Award from CIRM for this grant and Calidi expects to be able to draw the funds over the next 18 months based on the operational milestones defined in the grant.

Proceeds from the CIRM grant are recognized over the period necessary to match the related research and development expenses when it is probable that Calidi has complied with the CIRM conditions and will receive the proceeds pursuant to the milestones defined in the grant as reimbursement of those expenditures. The CIRM grant proceeds, if any, received in advance of having incurred the related research and development expenses are recorded in accrued expenses and other current liabilities and recognized as grant income included in other income and expenses, net, on Calidi’s unaudited condensed consolidated statements of operations when the related research and developments expenses are incurred.

As of December 31, 2022, no amounts were received by Calidi from the CIRM grant. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, Calidi received payments from CIRM for this grant of approximately $0.7 million and $2.3 million, respectively, which was recognized in grant income in the accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated statement of operations.

Research and development expenses

Research and development expenses are expensed as incurred. Research and development expenses consist of costs incurred to discover, research and develop drug candidates, including compensation-related expenses for research and development personnel, including stock-based compensation expense, preclinical and clinical activities, costs of manufacturing, overhead expenses including facilities and laboratory expenses, materials and supplies, amounts paid to consultants and outside service providers, and depreciation and amortization.

Upfront and annual license payments related to acquired technologies or technology licenses which have not yet reached technological feasibility and have no alternative future use are also included in research and development expense in the period in which they are incurred.

General and administrative expenses

General and administrative expenses consist primarily of salaries and related costs, including stock-based compensation expense, for personnel in executive, finance and accounting, business development, operations and administrative functions. General and administrative expenses also include fees for legal, patent prosecution, legal settlements, consulting, charge off of deferred financing costs for aborted or terminated financing offerings, accounting and audit services as well as insurance, outside service providers, direct and allocated facility-related costs and depreciation and amortization.

Net loss per common share

Earnings per share attributable to common stockholders is calculated using the two-class method, which is an earnings allocation formula that determines earnings per share for the holders of Calidi’s common shares and participating securities. Although Calidi’s historical Convertible Preferred Stock contained participating rights in any dividend declared and paid by Calidi and were therefore participating securities, the Convertible Preferred Stock had no stated dividends and Calidi has never paid any cash dividends and does not plan to pay any dividends in the foreseeable future. Net loss attributable to common stockholders and participating securities is allocated to each share on an if-converted basis as if all of the earnings for the period had been distributed. However, the participating securities do not include a contractual obligation to share in the losses of Calidi and are not included in the calculation of net loss per share in the periods that have a net loss. In addition, common stock equivalent shares (whether or not participating) are excluded from the computation of diluted earnings per share in periods in which they have an anti-dilutive effect on net loss per common share.

Diluted net loss per share is computed using the more dilutive of (a) the two-class method or (b) the if-converted method and treasury stock method, as applicable. Contingently convertible notes payable and contingently convertible SAFEs were not included for purposes of calculating the number of diluted shares outstanding as the number of dilutive shares is based on a conversion contingency associated with the completion of a future financing event that had not occurred, and the contingency was not resolved, in the reporting periods presented herein. In periods in which Calidi reports a net loss attributable to common stockholders, diluted net loss per share attributable to common stockholders is the same as basic net loss per share attributable to common stockholders since dilutive common shares are not assumed to have been issued if their effect is anti-dilutive. Diluted net loss per share is equivalent to basic net loss per share for the periods presented herein because common stock equivalent shares from the Convertible Preferred Stock, convertible notes, stock option awards and outstanding warrants to purchase common stock (see Note 10) were antidilutive.

As a result of Calidi reported net loss attributable to common stockholders for all periods presented herein, the following common stock equivalents were excluded from the computation of diluted net loss per common share for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022 because including them would have been antidilutive (in thousands):

 Schedule of Computation of Diluted Net Loss per Common Share including Antidilutive

Segments

Calidi’s executive management team, as a group, represents the entity’s chief operating decision makers. To date, Calidi’s executive management team has viewed Calidi’s operations as one segment that includes the research, development and commercialization efforts of cell-based platforms to potentiate oncolytic virus therapies. As a result, the financial information disclosed materially represents all of the financial information related to Calidi’s sole operating segment. Substantially all of Calidi’s consolidated operating activities, including its long-lived assets, are located within the U.S. and considering Calidi’s limited revenue operating stage, Calidi currently has no concentration exposure to products or customers.

Recently adopted accounting pronouncements

In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-13, Financial Instruments — Credit Losses: Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments (“ASU 2016-13”) which amends the impairment model by requiring entities to use a forward-looking approach based on expected losses to estimate credit losses on certain types of financial instruments, including trade receivables and available-for-sale debt securities. ASU 2016-13 is effective for public business entities for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019, including interim periods within those fiscal years. For all other entities, the standard is effective in fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2022, and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2023, with early adoption permitted. On January 1, 2023, Calidi adopted ASU 2016-13 and the standard did not have any impact on its unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements and related disclosures as Calidi carries no such financial instruments.

Recently issued accounting pronouncements not yet adopted

In June 2022, the FASB issued ASU No. 2022-03, Fair Value Measurement of Equity Securities Subject to Contractual Sale Restrictions (“ASU 2022-03”) which clarifies that a contractual restriction on the sale of an equity security is not considered part of the unit of account of the equity security and, therefore, is not considered in measuring fair value. ASU 2022-03 is effective for public business entities for fiscal years, including interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2023. Early adoption is permitted. For all other entities, it is effective for fiscal years, including interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2024. Early adoption is permitted for both interim and annual financial statements that have not yet been issued or made available for issuance. Calidi is currently evaluating the impact the adoption of this guidance will have on its consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.

In March 2023, the FASB issued ASU No. 2023-01, Leases (Topic 842): Common Control Arrangements (“ASU 2023-01”), amending certain provisions of ASC 842 that apply to arrangements between related parties under common control. This standard amends the accounting for leasehold improvements in common-control arrangements for all entities. The amendments in this ASU are effective for all entities for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2023, including interim periods within those fiscal years, with early adoption permitted. Calidi is currently evaluating the impact the adoption of this guidance will have on its consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.

3. Merger and Related Transactions

As described in Note 1, Calidi merged with a wholly owned subsidiary of FLAG on September 12, 2023. The FLAG Merger was accounted for as a reverse recapitalization under U.S. GAAP. Calidi was considered the accounting acquirer for financial reporting purposes. This determination was based on the facts that, immediately following the FLAG Merger: (i) Calidi stockholders own a substantial majority of the voting rights; (ii) Calidi designated a majority of the initial members of the board of directors of the combined company; (iii) Calidi ‘s executive management team became the management team of the combined company; and (iv) the Company was named Calidi Biotherapeutics, Inc. Accordingly, for accounting purposes, the FLAG Merger was treated as the equivalent of Calidi issuing stock to acquire the net assets of FLAG. As a result of the FLAG Merger, the net assets of FLAG were recorded at their acquisition-date fair value, which approximated book value due to the short-term nature of the instruments, in the financial statements of Calidi and the reported operating results prior to the FLAG Merger were those of Calidi. Historical common share amounts of Calidi have been retroactively restated based on the conversion ratio of approximately 0.41.

As a result of the Business Combination, all outstanding stock of Calidi was cancelled in exchange for the right to receive newly issued shares of Common Stock, par value $0.0001 per share, and all outstanding options to purchase Calidi stock were assumed by the Company. The total consideration received by Calidi Security Holders at the Closing of the transactions contemplated by the Merger Agreement is the newly issued shares of Common Stock and securities convertible or exchangeable for newly issued shares of Common Stock with an aggregate value equal to approximately $250.0 million, plus an adjustment of $23.8 million pursuant to the net debt adjustment provisions of the Merger Agreement by reason of the Series B Financing. As a result, the Calidi Security Holders received an aggregate of 27,375,600 shares of newly issued Common Stock as merger consideration (“Merger Consideration”).

As additional consideration, each Calidi Stockholder is entitled to earn, on a pro rata basis, up to 18,000,000 Escalation Shares. During the Escalation Period, Calidi Stockholders may be entitled to receive up to 18,000,000 Escalation Shares with incremental releases of 4,500,000 shares upon the achievement of each share price hurdle if the trading price of Common Stock is $12.00, $14.00, $16.00 and $18.00, respectively, for a period of any 20 days within any 30-consecutive-day trading period. The Escalation Shares will be placed in escrow and will be outstanding from and after the Closing, subject to cancellation if the applicable price targets are not achieved. While in escrow, the shares will be non-voting.

Holders of FLAG Class A Common Stock who did not redeem their shares obtained an additional 85,849 Non-Redeeming Continuation Shares issued at Closing. At the Closing, Calidi Security Holders own approximately 76% of the outstanding shares of New Calidi Common Stock.

After giving effect to the Business Combination transaction and the issuance of the Merger Consideration described above, there were 35,436,381 shares of the Company’s Common Stock issued and outstanding as of September 30, 2023.

New Money PIPE Subscription Agreement

On August 30, 2023, FLAG entered into a subscription agreement (the “New Money PIPE Subscription Agreement” and together with the FPA Funding Amount PIPE Subscription Agreements, the “PIPE Subscription Agreements”) with Wootton (the “New Money PIPE Investor”).

Pursuant to the New Money PIPE Subscription Agreement, the New Money PIPE Subscriber subscribed and purchased an aggregate of 132,817 shares of FLAG Class A Common Stock for aggregate gross proceeds of approximately $0.2 million to Calidi at the Closing.

The New Money Pipe Investor had also participated in the Calidi Cure Series B Financing discussed above, which was completed at the Closing with aggregate proceeds of $0.4 million to Calidi.

Non-Redemption Agreement

On August 28, 2023 and August 30, 2023, FLAG entered into non-redemption agreements (the “Non-Redemption Agreements”) with Sellers, pursuant to which Sellers agreed to reverse the redemption of 335,238 shares of FLAG Class A Common Stock.

At the Closing, Calidi received net cash proceeds from the Trust of approximately $1.8 million in connection with the Non-Redemption Agreements. In consideration of the Seller’s role in structuring the various transactions described herein, including in connection with potential similar transactions with other investors, the Seller was entitled to 200,000 incentive shares of FLAG Class A Common Stock upon consummation of the Business Combination.

All of the Sellers in the Non-Redemption Agreements had also participated in the Calidi Cure Series B Financing discussed above, which was completed at the Closing with aggregate proceeds of $2.6 million to Calidi, of which $0.8 million of received net cash proceeds from the Trust is in connection with Non-Redemption Agreements.

Non-Redeeming Shareholders and Trust fund proceeds

Upon the consummation of the Business Combination, 2,687,351 FLAG public shares were redeemed for aggregate redemption payments of approximately $28.2 million from the Trust. The remaining approximate $15.0 million funds in the Trust were distributed as follows i) $12.5 million to the Seller investors pursuant to the Forward Purchase Agreements and Non-Redemption Agreements discussed above, ii) $1.8 million to Calidi in connection with the Non-Redemption Agreements discussed above, and iii) $0.7 million in cash to Calidi available in the Trust from non-redeeming shareholders.

4. Fair Value Measurements

The following table presents Calidi’s assets and liabilities that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis, inclusive of related party components, as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022 (in thousands):

Schedule of Assets and Liabilities that are Measured at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis

Calidi’s financial instruments consist of cash, prepaid expenses and other current assets, deferred financing fees, accounts payable, accrued expenses, and other current liabilities. The carrying value of these financial instruments is generally considered to approximate their fair values because of the short-term nature of those instruments.

Calidi previously entered into a legal settlement liability of $1.1 million (see Note 5). In accordance with the Settlement Agreement, the entire then unpaid amount was required to be repaid if Calidi secures at least $10.0 million in equity financing, which Calidi considered to be likely within the short-term (see Note 1). As such, as of December 31, 2022, approximately $0.6 million was included in legal settlement liability on the unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheets. Upon the close of the FLAG Merger on September 12, 2023 (see Note 3), the entire amount became due and was subsequently paid to the Former Executive and as of September 30, 2023, there was no legal settlement liability outstanding.

Calidi previously issued various debt financial instruments that included a loan payable, term notes payable, convertible notes payable, contingently convertible notes payable, and SAFEs, all of which were recently converted into common stock in connection with the closing of the FLAG Merger on September 12, 2023 (see Notes 8 and 9). For debt instruments that are not recorded at fair value amounting to $5.3 million and $4.3 million as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively, Calidi believes that the fair value of these debt instruments approximates their carrying value based on the borrowing rates available to Calidi for debt with similar terms. Calidi reports the fair value option debt instrument, including accrued interest, at its fair value as of each reporting date, with changes in the fair value of those instruments included in change in fair value of debt or change in fair value of debt — related party, as applicable, as part of other income and expenses, net, in the unaudited condensed consolidated statements of operations. Calidi has also previously issued certain other instruments such as the SAFEs which were also accounted for as fair value on a recurring basis further described below.

Calidi previously entered into a Series B convertible preferred stock agreement (see Note 10). Calidi previously classified its Series B convertible preferred stock as a liability, recorded at fair value on a recurring basis, subject to the classification guidance provided under ASC 480-10-25-14.

Contingently Convertible Notes Payable (CCNP)

The estimated fair value of the CCNPs was determined based on the aggregated, probability-weighted average of the outcomes of two possible scenarios, (i) the next qualified financing event, as defined, occurring prior to maturity and the CCNPs, including accrued interest, thereby mandatorily converting to the type and form of shares of stock issued in that qualified financing, including the underlying contingent warrants being issued at that time (referred to as “Scenario 1”), or, (ii) a qualified financing not occurring and the CCNPs, including accrued interest, maturing without conversion and without any warrants being issued (referred to as “Scenario 2”). The combined value of the probability-weighted average of those outcomes was then discounted back to each reporting period in which the CCNP were outstanding, in each case, under Scenario 1, based on the risk-free rate consistent with risk-neutral similar derivative equity instruments and, under Scenario 2, based on a risk-adjusted discount rate estimated based on the implied interest rate using the changes in observed interest rates of similar corporate rate debt that Calidi believes is appropriate for those probability-adjusted cash flows under Scenario 2. The value of the contingent warrants, applicable only to Scenario 1, was measured at fair value using the Black-Scholes option pricing model used to value preferred stock warrants using an underlying asset value and the discounted exercise price of the warrants, as defined, and the indicated volatility of convertible preferred stock.