CANADIAN PACIFIC KANSAS CITY LTD/CN - Quarter Report: 2016 March (Form 10-Q)

Canadian to U.S. dollar

Average exchange rates

For the three months ended – March 31

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

(Mark one)


x	QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended March 31, 2016


¨	TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from to

Commission File Number 001-01342

Canadian Pacific Railway Limited

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)



Canada		98-0355078
(State or Other Jurisdiction of Incorporation or Organization)		(IRS Employer Identification No.)

7550 Ogden Dale Road S.E. Calgary, Alberta, Canada		T2C 4X9
(Address of Principal Executive Offices)		(Zip Code)

Registrant’s Telephone Number, Including Area Code: (403) 319-7000

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes þ No o

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files). Yes þ No o

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer” and “smaller reporting company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.



Large accelerated filer þ	Accelerated filer o	Non-accelerated filer o	Smaller reporting company o

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes o No þ

As of the close of business on April 18, 2016, there were 153,059,426 shares of the registrant’s Common Stock outstanding.

CANADIAN PACIFIC RAILWAY LIMITED

FORM 10-Q

TABLE OF CONTENTS



	PART I - FINANCIAL INFORMATION
		Page
Item 1.	Financial Statements:

	Interim Consolidated Statements of Income	3
	For the Three Months Ended March 31, 2016 and 2015

	Interim Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income	4
	For the Three Months Ended March 31, 2016 and 2015

	Interim Consolidated Balance Sheets	5
	At March 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015

	Interim Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows	6
	For the Three Months Ended March 31, 2016 and 2015

	Interim Consolidated Statements of Changes in Shareholders' Equity	7
	For the Three Months Ended March 31, 2016 and 2015

	Notes to Interim Consolidated Financial Statements	8

Item 2.	Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	23
Item 3.	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk	43
Item 4.	Controls and Procedures	44

	PART II - OTHER INFORMATION
Item 1.	Legal Proceedings	45
Item 1A.	Risk Factors	45
Item 2.	Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds	45
Item 3.	Defaults Upon Senior Securities	45
Item 4.	Mine Safety Disclosures	45
Item 5.	Other Information	45
Item 6.	Exhibits	46

PART I

ITEM 1. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

INTERIM CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME

(unaudited)



	For the three months ended March 31
(in millions of Canadian dollars, except share and per share data)	2016			2015
Revenues
Freight	$	1,548		$	1,630
Non-freight	43			35
Total revenues	1,591			1,665
Operating expenses
Compensation and benefits	329			378
Fuel	125			195
Materials	56			52
Equipment rents	45			42
Depreciation and amortization	162			146
Purchased services and other (Note 4)	221			240
Total operating expenses	938			1,053

Operating income	653			612
Less:
Other income and charges (Note 5)	(181		)	73
Net interest expense	124			85
Income before income tax expense	710			454
Income tax expense (Note 6)	170			134
Net income	$	540		$	320

Earnings per share (Note 7)
Basic earnings per share	$	3.53		$	1.94
Diluted earnings per share	$	3.51		$	1.92

Weighted-average number of shares (millions) (Note 7)
Basic	153.0			164.9
Diluted	153.8			166.3

Dividends declared per share (Note 14)	$	0.3500		$	0.3500

See Notes to Interim Consolidated Financial Statements.

INTERIM CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME

(unaudited)



	For the three months ended March 31
(in millions of Canadian dollars)	2016			2015
Net income	$	540		$	320
Net gain (loss) in foreign currency translation adjustments, net of hedging activities	37			(37		)
Change in derivatives designated as cash flow hedges	(47		)	(69		)
Change in pension and post-retirement defined benefit plans	47			72
Other comprehensive income (loss) before income taxes	37			(34		)
Income tax (expense) recovery on above items	(41		)	46
Other comprehensive (loss) income (Note 3)	(4		)	12
Comprehensive income	$	536		$	332

See Notes to Interim Consolidated Financial Statements.

INTERIM CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS AS AT

(unaudited)



	March 31			December 31
(in millions of Canadian dollars)	2016			2015
Assets
Current assets
Cash and cash equivalents	$	571		$	650
Accounts receivable, net	629			645
Materials and supplies	181			188
Other current assets	69			54
	1,450			1,537
Investments	148			152
Properties	16,013			16,273
Goodwill and intangible assets	196			211
Pension asset	1,489			1,401
Other assets	53			63
Total assets	$	19,349		$	19,637
Liabilities and shareholders’ equity
Current liabilities
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities	$	1,143		$	1,417
Long-term debt maturing within one year	23			30
	1,166			1,447
Pension and other benefit liabilities	750			758
Other long-term liabilities	291			318
Long-term debt	8,430			8,927
Deferred income taxes	3,422			3,391
Total liabilities	14,059			14,841
Shareholders’ equity
Share capital	2,065			2,058
Additional paid-in capital	48			43
Accumulated other comprehensive loss (Note 3)	(1,481		)	(1,477		)
Retained earnings	4,658			4,172
	5,290			4,796
Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity	$	19,349		$	19,637

Contingencies (Note 12)

See Notes to Interim Consolidated Financial Statements.

INTERIM CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

(unaudited)



	For the three months ended March 31
(in millions of Canadian dollars)	2016			2015
Operating activities
Net income	$	540		$	320
Reconciliation of net income to cash provided by operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization	162			146
Deferred income taxes (Note 6)	93			32
Pension funding in excess of expense (Note 11)	(42		)	(10		)
Foreign exchange (gain) loss on long-term debt (Note 5)	(181		)	64
Other operating activities, net	(66		)	(41		)
Change in non-cash working capital balances related to operations	(288		)	44
Cash provided by operating activities	218			555
Investing activities
Additions to properties	(278		)	(263		)
Proceeds from sale of properties and other assets (Note 4)	60			52
Other	—			20
Cash used in investing activities	(218		)	(191		)
Financing activities
Dividends paid	(54		)	(58		)
Issuance of CP Common Shares	5			16
Purchase of CP Common Shares (Note 8)	—			(529		)
Issuance of long-term debt, excluding commercial paper	—			810
Repayment of long-term debt, excluding commercial paper	(11		)	(58		)
Net repayment of commercial paper	—			(593		)
Other	(2		)	—
Cash used in financing activities	(62		)	(412		)

Effect of foreign currency fluctuations on U.S. dollar-denominated cash and cash equivalents	(17		)	6
Cash position
Decrease in cash and cash equivalents	(79		)	(42		)
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period	650			226
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period	$	571		$	184

Supplemental disclosures of cash flow information:
Income taxes paid (refunded)	$	192		$	(3	)
Interest paid	$	155		$	67

See Notes to Interim Consolidated Financial Statements.

INTERIM CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY

(unaudited)



(in millions of Canadian dollars except common share amounts)	Common shares (in millions)		Share capital			Additional paid-in capital			Accumulated other comprehensive loss			Retained earnings			Total shareholders’ equity
Balance at January 1, 2016	153.0		$	2,058		$	43		$	(1,477	)	$	4,172		$	4,796
Net income	—		—			—			—			540			540
Other comprehensive loss (Note 3)	—		—			—			(4		)	—			(4		)
Dividends declared	—		—			—			—			(54		)	(54		)
Effect of stock-based compensation expense	—		—			6			—			—			6
Shares issued under stock option plan	—		7			(1		)	—			—			6
Balance at March 31, 2016	153.0		$	2,065		$	48		$	(1,481	)	$	4,658		$	5,290
Balance at January 1, 2015	166.1		$	2,185		$	36		$	(2,219	)	$	5,608		$	5,610
Net income	—		—			—			—			320			320
Other comprehensive income (Note 3)	—		—			—			12			—			12
Dividends declared	—		—			—			—			(57		)	(57		)
Effect of stock-based compensation expense	—		—			6			—			—			6
CP Common Shares repurchased (Note 8)	(2.3	)	(29		)	—			—			(461		)	(490		)
Shares issued under stock option plan	0.2		21			(4		)	—			—			17
Balance at March 31, 2015	164.0		$	2,177		$	38		$	(2,207	)	$	5,410		$	5,418

See Notes to Interim Consolidated Financial Statements.

NOTES TO INTERIM CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

March 31, 2016

(unaudited)

1 Basis of presentation

These unaudited interim consolidated financial statements of Canadian Pacific Railway Limited (“CP”, or “the Company”), expressed in Canadian dollars, reflect management’s estimates and assumptions that are necessary for their fair presentation in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of America (“GAAP”). They do not include all disclosures required under GAAP for annual financial statements and should be read in conjunction with the 2015 annual consolidated financial statements and notes included in CP's 2015 Annual Report on Form 10-K. The accounting policies used are consistent with the accounting policies used in preparing the 2015 annual consolidated financial statements, except for the newly adopted accounting policy discussed in Note 2.

CP's operations can be affected by seasonal fluctuations such as changes in customer demand and weather-related issues. This seasonality could impact quarter-over-quarter comparisons.

In management’s opinion, the unaudited interim consolidated financial statements include all adjustments (consisting of normal and recurring adjustments) necessary to present fairly such information. Interim results are not necessarily indicative of the results expected for the fiscal year.

2 Accounting Changes

Implemented in 2016

Amendments to the Consolidation Analysis

In February 2015, the Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2015-02, Amendments to the Consolidation Analysis under FASB Accounting Standards Codification ("ASC") Topic 810 Consolidation. The amendments required reporting entities to evaluate whether they should consolidate certain legal entities under the revised consolidation model. Specifically, the amendments modify the evaluation of whether limited partnerships and similar legal entities are variable interest entities (“VIEs”) or voting interest entities, eliminated the presumption that a general partner should consolidate a limited partnership and affected the consolidation analysis of reporting entities involved with VIEs, particularly those that have fee arrangements and related party relationships. This ASU was effective for public entities for fiscal years, and interim periods within those years, beginning on or after December 15, 2015. Entities had the option of using either a full retrospective or a modified retrospective approach to adopt this ASU. The Company evaluated all arrangements that might give rise to a VIE and all existing VIEs; no changes to disclosure or financial statement presentation were required as a result of this evaluation.

Future changes

Leases

In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-02, Leases. The new FASB ASC Topic 842 Leases supersedes the lease recognition and measurement requirements in Topic 840 Leases. This new standard requires recognition of right-of-use assets and lease liabilities by lessees for those leases classified as finance and operating leases with a maximum term exceeding 12 months. This ASU will be effective for public entities for fiscal years, and interim periods within those years, beginning on or after December 15, 2018. Entities are required to use a modified retrospective approach to adopt this ASU. The Company is currently evaluating the impact adoption of this ASU will have on the consolidated financial statements.

Revenue from Contracts with Customers

In March 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-08, Revenue from Contracts with Customers: Principal versus Agent Considerations under FASB ASC Topic 606. The amendments clarify the principal versus agent guidance in determining whether to recognize revenue on a gross or net basis. The amendments are effective for public entities for annual reporting periods beginning on or after December 15, 2017, including interim periods within that reporting period. Entities have the option of using either a full retrospective or a modified retrospective approach to adopt this ASU. The Company is currently evaluating the impact adoption of this ASU will have on the consolidated financial statements.

Compensation - Stock Compensation

In March 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-09, Compensation - Stock Compensation, under ASC Topic 718. The amendments clarify the guidance relating to treatment of excess tax benefits and deficiencies, acceptable forfeiture rate policies, and treatment of cash paid by an employer when directly withholding shares for tax-withholding purposes and the requirement to treat such cash flows as a financing activity. This ASU will be effective for public entities for fiscal years, and interim periods within those years, beginning on or after December 15, 2016. Early adoption is permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the impact adoption of this ASU will have on the consolidated financial statements.

3 Changes in accumulated other comprehensive loss ("AOCL") by component



	For the three months ended March 31
(in millions of Canadian dollars)	Foreign currency net of hedging activities⁽¹⁾			Derivatives and other⁽¹⁾			Pension and post-retirement defined benefit plans⁽¹⁾			Total⁽¹⁾
Opening balance, January 1, 2016	$	129		$	(102	)	$	(1,504	)	$	(1,477	)
Other comprehensive (loss) income before reclassifications	(4		)	(36		)	—			(40		)
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss	—			2			34			36
Net current-period other comprehensive (loss) income	(4		)	(34		)	34			(4		)
Closing balance, March 31, 2016	$	125		$	(136	)	$	(1,470	)	$	(1,481	)
Opening balance, January 1, 2015	$	115		$	(52	)	$	(2,282	)	$	(2,219	)
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications	10			(52		)	5			(37		)
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss	—			1			48			49
Net current-period other comprehensive income (loss)	10			(51		)	53			12
Closing balance, March 31, 2015	$	125		$	(103	)	$	(2,229	)	$	(2,207	)

⁽¹⁾Amounts are presented net of tax.

Amounts in Pension and post-retirement defined benefit plans reclassified from AOCL



	For the three months ended March 31
(in millions of Canadian dollars)	2016			2015
Amortization of prior service costs^(a)	$	(2	)	$	(1	)
Recognition of net actuarial loss^(a)	49			67
Total before income tax	47			66
Income tax recovery	(13		)	(18		)
Net of income tax	$	34		$	48

^(a)Impacts Compensation and benefits on the Interim Consolidated Statements of Income.

4 Gain on sale of properties

Gain on sale of Arbutus Corridor

In March 2016, the Company announced the sale of CP’s Arbutus Corridor (the “Arbutus Corridor”) to the City of Vancouver for gross proceeds of $55 million. The agreement allows the Company to share in future proceeds on the eventual development and/or sale of certain parcels of the Arbutus Corridor. The Company recorded a gain on sale of $50 million before tax ($43 million after tax) from the transaction during the first quarter of 2016.

Gain on settlement of legal proceedings related to the purchase and sale of a building

In 2013, CP provided an interest free loan pursuant to a court order to a corporation owned by a court appointed trustee (“the judicial trustee”) to facilitate the acquisition of a building. The building was held in trust during the legal proceedings with regard to CP’s entitlement to an exercised purchase option of the building (“purchase option”). As at December 31, 2014, the loan of $20 million and the purchase option with a carrying value of $8 million, were recorded as “Other assets” in the Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheets.

In the first quarter of 2015, CP reached a settlement with a third party that, following the sale of the building to an arm’s length third party, resulted in resolution of legal proceedings. CP received $59 million for the sale of the building which included repayment of the aforementioned loan to the judicial trustee and recorded a gain of $31 million ($27 million after tax).

5 Other income and charges



	For the three months ended March 31
(in millions of Canadian dollars)	2016			2015
Foreign exchange (gain) loss on long-term debt	$	(181	)	$	64
Other foreign exchange (gains) losses	(7		)	6
Other	7			3
Total other income and charges	$	(181	)	$	73

6 Income taxes



	For the three months ended March 31
(in millions of Canadian dollars)	2016		2015
Current income tax expense	$	77	$	102
Deferred income tax expense	93		32
Income tax expense	$	170	$	134

The estimated 2016 annual effective tax rate for the first quarter, excluding the discrete item related to the foreign exchange gain of $181 million on the Company’s U.S. dollar-denominated debt, is 27.5%, similar to the estimate of 27.5% for the same period in 2015.

The effective tax rate in the first quarter, including discrete item, is 23.9%, compared to 29.5% for the same period in 2015.

7 Earnings per share

At March 31, 2016, the number of shares outstanding was 153.0 million (March 31, 2015 - 164.0 million).

Basic earnings per share have been calculated using net income for the period divided by the weighted-average number of shares outstanding during the period.

The number of shares used in earnings per share calculations is reconciled as follows:



	For the three months ended March 31
(in millions)	2016	2015
Weighted-average basic shares outstanding	153.0	164.9
Dilutive effect of stock options	0.8	1.4
Weighted-average diluted shares outstanding	153.8	166.3

For the three months ended March 31, 2016, 445,991 options were excluded from the computation of diluted earnings per share because their effects were not dilutive (three months ended March 31, 2015 - 883 options).

8 Shareholders' equity

On March 11, 2014, the Company announced a new share repurchase program to implement a normal course issuer bid ("NCIB") to purchase, for cancellation, up to 5.3 million Common Shares before March 16, 2015. On September 29, 2014, the Company announced the amendment of the bid to increase the maximum number of its Common Shares that may be purchased from 5.3 million to 12.7 million of its outstanding Common Shares. The Company completed the purchase of 10.5 million Common Shares in 2014. An additional 2.2 million Common Shares were purchased for $490 million in the first quarter of 2015 prior to the March 16, 2015 expiry date of the program.

On March 16, 2015, the Company announced the renewal of its NCIB, commencing March 18, 2015, to purchase up to 9.14 million of its outstanding Common Shares for cancellation before March 17, 2016. On August 31, 2015, the Company amended the NCIB to increase the maximum number of its Common Shares that may be purchased from 9.14 million to 11.9 million of its outstanding Common Shares. As at December 31, 2015, the Company had purchased 11.3 million Common Shares for $2,258 million under this current NCIB program. There were no additional purchases in the three months ended March 31, 2016.

All purchases are made in accordance with the bid at prevalent market prices plus brokerage fees, or such other prices that may be permitted by the Toronto Stock Exchange ("TSX"), with consideration allocated to share capital up to the average carrying amount of the shares, and any excess allocated to retained earnings. The following table provides activities under the share repurchase program:



	For the three months ended March 31
	2016		2015
Number of Common Shares repurchased⁽¹⁾	—		2,174,788
Weighted-average price per share⁽²⁾	$	—	$	225.12
Amount of repurchase (in millions)⁽²⁾	$	—	$	490

⁽¹⁾Excludes shares repurchased but not yet cancelled in the prior quarter.

⁽²⁾Includes brokerage fees.

On April 20, 2016, the Company announced it intends to implement a new NCIB to repurchase, for cancellation, up to 6.91 million of its Common Shares, subject to TSX acceptance.

9 Financial instruments

A. Fair values of financial instruments

The Company categorizes its financial assets and liabilities measured at fair value in line with the fair value hierarchy established by GAAP that prioritizes, with respect to reliability, the inputs to valuation techniques used to measure fair value. This hierarchy consists of three broad levels. Level 1 inputs consist of quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets and liabilities and give the highest priority to these inputs. Level 2 and 3 inputs are based on significant other observable inputs and significant unobservable inputs, respectively, and give lower priority to these inputs.

When possible, the estimated fair value is based on quoted market prices and, if not available, estimates from third party brokers. For non-exchange traded derivatives classified in Level 2, the Company uses standard valuation techniques to calculate fair value. Primary inputs to these techniques include observable market prices (interest, foreign exchange (“FX”) and commodity) and volatility, depending on the type of derivative and nature of the underlying risk. The Company uses inputs and data used by willing market participants when valuing derivatives and considers its own credit default swap spread as well as those of its counterparties in its determination of fair value.

The carrying values of financial instruments equal or approximate their fair values with the exception of long-term debt which has a fair value of approximately $9,491 million at March 31, 2016 (December 31, 2015 - $9,750 million) and a carrying value of $8,453 (December 31, 2015 - $8,957 million). The estimated fair value of current and long-term borrowings has been determined based on market information where available, or by discounting future payments of interest and principal at estimated interest rates expected to be available to the Company at period end. All derivatives and long-term debt are classified as Level 2.

B. Financial risk management

Derivative financial instruments

Derivative financial instruments may be used to selectively reduce volatility associated with fluctuations in interest rates, FX rates, the price of fuel and stock-based compensation expense. Where derivatives are designated as hedging instruments, the relationship between the hedging instruments and their associated hedged items is documented, as well as the risk management objective and strategy for the use of the hedging instruments. This documentation includes linking the derivatives that are designated as fair value or cash flow hedges to specific assets or liabilities on the Interim Consolidated Balance Sheets, commitments or forecasted transactions. At the time a derivative contract is entered into, and at least quarterly thereafter, an assessment is made whether the derivative item is effective in offsetting the changes in fair value or cash flows of the hedged items. The derivative qualifies for hedge accounting treatment if it is effective in substantially mitigating the risk it was designed to address.

It is not the Company’s intent to use financial derivatives or commodity instruments for trading or speculative purposes.

FX management

The Company conducts business transactions and owns assets in both Canada and the United States. As a result, the Company is exposed to fluctuations in value of financial commitments, assets, liabilities, income or cash flows due to changes in FX rates. The Company may enter into FX risk management transactions primarily to manage fluctuations in the exchange rate between Canadian and U.S. currencies. FX exposure is primarily mitigated through natural offsets created by revenues, expenditures and balance sheet positions incurred in the same currency. Where appropriate, the Company may negotiate with customers and suppliers to reduce the net exposure.

Net investment hedge

The FX gains and losses on long-term debt are mainly unrealized and can only be realized when U.S. dollar denominated long-term debt matures or is settled. The Company also has long-term FX exposure on its investment in U.S. affiliates. The majority of the Company’s U.S. dollar denominated long-term debt has been designated as a hedge of the net investment in foreign subsidiaries. This designation has the effect of mitigating volatility on net income by offsetting long-term FX gains and losses on U.S. dollar denominated long-term debt and gains and losses on its net investment. The effective portion recognized in “Other comprehensive (loss) income” for the three months ended March 31, 2016 was an unrealized FX gain of $308 million (three months ended March 31, 2015 - unrealized FX loss of $356 million). There was no ineffectiveness during the three months ended March 31, 2016 and March 31, 2015.

Interest rate management

The Company is exposed to interest rate risk, which is the risk that the fair value or future cash flows of a financial instrument will vary as a result of changes in market interest rates. In order to manage funding needs or capital structure goals, the Company enters into debt or capital lease agreements that are subject to either fixed market interest rates set at the time of issue or floating rates determined by on-going market conditions. Debt subject to variable interest rates exposes the Company to variability in interest expense, while debt subject to fixed interest rates exposes the Company to variability in the fair value of debt.

To manage interest rate exposure, the Company accesses diverse sources of financing and manages borrowings in line with a targeted range of capital structure, debt ratings, liquidity needs, maturity schedule, and currency and interest rate profiles. In anticipation of future debt issuances, the Company may enter into forward rate agreements, that are designated as cash flow hedges, to substantially lock in all or a portion of the effective future interest expense. The Company may also enter into swap agreements, designated as fair value hedges, to manage the mix of fixed and floating rate debt.

Forward starting swaps

During the fourth quarter of 2014, the Company entered into forward starting floating-to-fixed interest rate swap agreements (“forward starting swaps”) totaling a notional U.S. $1.4 billion to fix the benchmark rate on cash flows associated with highly probable forecasted issuances of long-term notes. The effective portion of changes in fair value on the forward starting swaps is recorded in “Accumulated other comprehensive loss”, net of tax, as cash flow hedges until the probable forecasted notes are issued. Subsequent to the notes issuance, amounts in “Accumulated other comprehensive loss” are reclassified to “Net interest expense”.

During the first quarter of 2015, the Company settled a notional U.S. $700 million of forward starting swaps related to the U.S. $700 million 2.900% 10-year notes issued in the same period. The fair value of these derivative instruments was a loss of U.S. $50 million ($63 million) at the time of settlement. The effective portion of changes in fair value on the forward starting swaps of U.S. $48 million ($60 million), was recorded in “Accumulated other comprehensive loss”, and is amortized to “Net interest expense” over the term of the underlying hedged notes. During the three months ended March 31, 2016, a loss of $1 million related to these previously settled derivatives has been amortized to “Net interest expense” (three months ended March 31, 2015 - loss of $1 million). The Company expects that during the next 12 months $6 million of losses will be amortized to “Net interest expense”. The ineffective portion of U.S. $2 million ($2 million) was recorded immediately in income as “Net interest expense” during the first quarter of 2015.

During the third quarter of 2015, the Company de-designated the hedging relationship for U.S. $700 million of forward starting swaps related to a portion of the U.S. $900 million 6.125% 100-year notes issued. The Company did not cash settle these swaps and therefore recorded a non-cash loss of U.S. $36 million ($47 million) at the time of de-designation. The effective portion of changes in fair value of the de-designated forward starting swaps of U.S. $36 million ($47 million) was recorded in “Accumulated other comprehensive loss” and is amortized to “Net interest expense” over the first 10 years as the underlying interest expense payments, which are hedged, of the U.S. $900 million notes are made. During the three months ended March 31, 2016, a loss of $1 million related to these previously de-designated derivatives has been amortized to “Net interest expense”. The Company expects that during the next 12 months $5 million of losses will be amortized to “Net interest expense”. There was no ineffectiveness to record upon de-designation.

During the third quarter of 2015, the Company re-designated the forward starting swaps totalling U.S. $700 million to fix the benchmark rate on cash flows associated with a highly probable forecasted issuance of long-term notes. The effective portion of changes in fair value from the re-designation date on the forward starting swaps is recorded in “Accumulated other comprehensive loss”, net of tax, as cash flow hedges until the probable forecasted notes are issued. Subsequent to the notes being issued, amounts in “Accumulated other comprehensive loss” will be amortized to “Net interest expense”.

As at March 31, 2016, the total fair value loss of $112 million derived from the remaining forward starting swaps was included in “Accounts payable and accrued liabilities” of which $65 million relates to the re-designated existing forward starting swaps. The effective portion of $63 million on the re-designated existing forward starting swaps is reflected in “Other comprehensive (loss) income” and the ineffective portion of $2 million is recorded to “Net interest expense” on the Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income and the Consolidated Statements of Income, respectively.

As at December 31, 2015, the total fair value loss of $60 million derived from the remaining forward starting swaps was included in "Accounts payable and accrued liabilities" of which $13 million related to the re-designated existing forward starting swaps. The effective portion of $13 million on the re-designated existing forward starting swaps was reflected in "Other comprehensive income" and the negligible ineffective portion was recorded to "Net interest expense" on the Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income and the Consolidated Statements of Income, respectively.

10 Stock-based compensation

At March 31, 2016, the Company had several stock-based compensation plans, including stock option plans, various cash settled liability plans and an employee stock savings plan. These plans resulted in an expense for the three months ended March 31, 2016 of $14 million (three months ended March 31, 2015 - $29 million).

Regular options

In the three months ended March 31, 2016, under CP’s stock option plans, the Company issued 400,590 regular options at the weighted average price of $165.47 per share, based on the closing price on the grant date.

Pursuant to the employee plan, these regular options may be exercised upon vesting, which is between 12 months and 48 months after the grant date, and will expire after 10 years.

Under the fair value method, the fair value of the regular options at the grant date was approximately $16 million. The weighted average fair value assumptions were approximately:



	For the three months ended March 31, 2016
Grant price	$165.47
Expected option life (years)⁽¹⁾	5.25
Risk-free interest rate⁽²⁾	1.21%
Expected stock price volatility⁽³⁾	26.58%
Expected annual dividends per share⁽⁴⁾	$1.4
Expected forfeiture rate⁽⁵⁾	2.0%
Weighted-average grant date fair value per regular options granted during the period	$38.96

⁽¹⁾ Represents the period of time that awards are expected to be outstanding. Historical data on exercise behaviour, or when available, specific expectations regarding future exercise behaviour, were used to estimate the expected life of the option.

⁽²⁾ Based on the implied yield available on zero-coupon government issues with an equivalent remaining term at the time of the grant.

⁽³⁾ Based on the historical stock price volatility of the Company’s stock over a period commensurate with the expected term of the option.

⁽⁴⁾ Determined by the current annual dividend at the time of grant. The Company does not employ different dividend yields throughout the contractual term of the option.

⁽⁵⁾ The Company estimated forfeitures based on past experience. This rate is monitored on a periodic basis.

Performance share unit (“PSU”) plan

In the three months ended March 31, 2016, the Company issued 146,520 PSUs with a grant date fair value of approximately $24 million. These units attract dividend equivalents in the form of additional units based on the dividends paid on the Company’s Common Shares. PSUs vest and are settled in cash, or in CP Common Shares, approximately three years after the grant date, contingent upon CP’s performance ("performance factor"). The fair value of PSUs is measured periodically until settlement, using a latticed-based valuation model. In addition, on grant date a Monte Carlo simulation model, which utilizes multiple input variables, is utilized to determine the probability of satisfying the performance and market conditions stipulated in the grant.

The performance period for PSUs issued in the three months ended March 31, 2016 is January 1, 2016 to December 31, 2018. The performance factors for these PSUs are Operating Ratio, Return on Invested Capital, Total Shareholder Return ("TSR") compared to the S&P/TSX 60 Index, and TSR compared to Class 1 railways.

The performance period for the PSUs issued in the fourth quarter of 2012 and in 2013 was January 1, 2013 to December 31, 2015. The performance factors for these PSUs were Operating Ratio, Free cash flow, TSR compared to the S&P/TSX 60 index, TSR compared to Class 1 railways. All performance factors met the 200% payout thresholds, in effect resulting in a target payout of 200% on 300,095 total outstanding awards as at December 31, 2015. A payout of $79 million on 217,179 outstanding awards occurred on December 31, 2015 and was calculated using the Company's average share price using the last 30 trading days preceding December 31, 2015. In the three months ended March 31, 2016, final payouts occurred on the total outstanding awards, including dividends reinvested, totaling $31 million on 83,563 outstanding awards.

Deferred share unit (“DSU”) plan

In the three months ended March 31, 2016, the Company granted 20,739 DSUs with a grant date fair value of approximately $4 million. DSUs vest over various periods of up to 48 months and are only redeemable for a specified period after employment is terminated. An expense to income for DSUs is recognized over the vesting period for both the initial subscription price and the change in value between reporting periods.

11 Pension and other benefits

In the three months ended March 31, 2016, the Company made contributions of $20 million (three months ended March 31, 2015 - $21 million) to its defined benefit pension plans. The elements of net periodic benefit cost for defined benefit pension plans and other benefits recognized in the quarter included the following components:



	For the three months ended March 31
	Pensions						Other benefits
(in millions of Canadian dollars)	2016			2015			2016		2015
Current service cost (benefits earned by employees in the period)	$	27		$	32		$	3	$	3
Interest cost on benefit obligation	117			115			5		5
Expected return on fund assets	(212		)	(201		)	—		—
Recognized net actuarial loss	48			66			1		1
Amortization of prior service costs	(2		)	(1		)	—		—
Net periodic benefit (recovery) cost	$	(22	)	$	11		$	9	$	9

12 Contingencies

In the normal course of its operations, the Company becomes involved in various legal actions, including claims relating to injuries and damage to property. The Company maintains provisions it considers to be adequate for such actions. While the final outcome with respect to actions outstanding or pending at March 31, 2016 cannot be predicted with certainty, it is the opinion of management that their resolution will not have a material adverse effect on the Company’s financial position or results of operations.

Legal proceedings related to Lac-Mégantic rail accident

On July 6, 2013, a train carrying crude oil operated by Montreal Maine and Atlantic Railway (“MMA”) and/or its subsidiary, Montreal Maine and Atlantic Canada Co. (“MMAC”, and collectively with MMA, the “MMA Group”) derailed and exploded in Lac-Mégantic, Quebec on a section of railway line owned by the MMA Group. The previous day CP had interchanged the train to the MMA Group, and after that interchange MMA Group exercised exclusive control over the train.

Following this incident, the Minister of Sustainable Development, Environment, Wildlife and Parks of Quebec issued an order directing certain named parties to recover the contaminants and to clean up and decontaminate the derailment site. CP was added as a named party on August 14, 2013 (the “Amended Cleanup Order”). CP is a party to an administrative appeal with respect to the Amended Cleanup Order. The proceedings before the Administrative tribunal have been stayed until September 2016. Directly related to this matter, the Province of Quebec filed a lawsuit against CP before the Quebec Superior Court on July 6, 2015 in which it claims $409 million for the damages sustained by the province as a result of the expenses incurred following the derailment, including costs incurred for the work carried out pursuant to the Amended Cleanup Order. The province alleges that CP had custody or control of the contaminants that were discharged in Lac-Mégantic on July 6, 2013, and that CP was otherwise negligent and therefore is solidarily (joint and severally) liable with the other third parties responsible for the accident. The province’s lawsuit has been stayed until September 12, 2016.

A class action lawsuit has also been filed in the Superior Court of Quebec on behalf of a class of persons and entities residing in, owning or leasing property in, operating a business in or physically present in Lac-Mégantic (the “Class Action”). The lawsuit seeks damages caused by the derailment including for wrongful deaths, personal injuries, and property damages. CP was added as a defendant on August 16, 2013. On May 8, 2015, the Superior Court of Quebec authorized the institution of the Class Action as against CP and as against the shipper, Western Petroleum, and the shipper’s parent, World Fuel Services (collectively, the “World Fuel Defendants”). The World Fuel Defendants have since settled. No timetable governing the conduct of this lawsuit has been ordered by the Superior Court of Quebec.

In the wake of the derailment and ensuing litigation, MMAC filed for bankruptcy in Canada (the “Canadian Proceeding”) and MMA filed for bankruptcy in the United States (the “U.S. Proceeding”). An Adversary Proceeding filed by the MMA U.S. bankruptcy trustee against CP, Irving Oil and the World Fuel Defendants accuses CP of failing to ensure that World Fuel Defendants or Irving Oil properly classified the oil lading and of not refusing to ship the oil in DOT-111 tank cars. The trustee has since settled with the World Fuel Defendants and Irving Oil and now maintains that CP misfeasance is based upon the railroad’s failure to abide by a Canadian

regulation in North Dakota that supposedly would have caused the originating railroad to refuse to carry the crude oil based upon reason to suspect inaccurate classification. Private party litigation in Texas, Illinois, and Maine charges CP with the misclassification and mis-packaging (i.e., DOT-111 tank car) negligence. Those cases include a class action and a mass action in Texas and wrongful death actions in Illinois and Maine. CP removed all cases to U.S. federal court, and motions have been filed with respect to jurisdiction and venue.

In response to CP’s motion to withdraw the adversary proceedings from the U.S. Proceeding, the trustee maintained that Canadian law rather than U.S. law controlled, and the court found that if the federal regulations governed, the case was not complex enough to warrant withdrawal. CP moved to dismiss for want of personal jurisdiction, but that motion, which was heard on August 18, 2015, has been denied. Motions to dismiss on procedural grounds are pending in the private litigation. The parties recently stipulated that the bankruptcy adversary proceedings would be tried in district court before a jury.

Plans of arrangement have been approved both in the Canadian Proceeding and the U.S. Proceeding. These Plans provide for the distribution of a fund of approximately $440 million amongst those who claimed loss or damage as a result of the derailment and will release those parties which contributed to the fund from any further liability. The Plans also provide for broadly worded third-party releases and injunctions that prevent actions against settling parties. CP has not participated in the settlement and hence will not benefit from any third-party releases or injunctions. In addition, both Plans contain judgment reduction provisions. Pursuant to these provisions, in the event of a judgment against CP in a case arising from the Lac-Mégantic derailment, CP should receive a credit for the greater of (i) the settlement monies received by the plaintiff(s) for the claim, or (ii) the amount which, but for the third-party non-debtor injunctions, CP would have been entitled to obtain from third parties other than MMA and MMAC through contribution or indemnification. CP may also have rights to judgment reduction, as part of the contribution/indemnification credit, for the fault of MMA and/or MMAC. The provisions of the Plans also provide for a potential re-allocation of some aspects of the MMA Group’s liability among plaintiffs and non-settling parties.

Besides litigation that has now been commenced by wrongful death, personal injury, and property damage plaintiffs against CP in Maine, Texas, and Illinois, CP has received two damage to cargo notices of claims from the shipper of the oil on the derailed train, Western Petroleum. Western Petroleum submitted U.S. and Canadian notices of claims for the same damages and, under the Carmack Amendment (the U.S. damage to cargo statute), seeks to recover for all injuries associated with, and indemnification for all claims arising from, the derailment. Both jurisdictions permit a shipper to recover the value of damaged lading against any carrier in the delivery chain, subject to limitations in the carrier’s tariffs. CP’s tariffs significantly restrict shipper damage claim rights.

Western Petroleum is part of the World Fuel Services group, and those entities recently settled with the trustee. In connection with that settlement, Western Petroleum assigned to the bankruptcy trustee the right to delegate those cargo-related claims. To date the trustee has not so delegated, but he has indicated that the cargo claims will be assigned to the Trust to be formed to handle distributions of funds to wrongful death plaintiffs. Before the settlement, both the World Fuel Services group and the trustee maintained that Carmack liability extends beyond lading losses to cover all damages incurred by the World Fuel Services group or Irving Oil associated with the derailment. CP disputes this interpretation of the law. CP disputes this interpretation of damages to lading law and CP’s tariffs, if applicable, preclude such a result.

At this early stage of the legal proceedings, any potential liability and the quantum of potential loss cannot be determined. Nevertheless, CP denies liability for the MMA derailment and intends to vigorously defend itself in the proceedings described above and in any proceeding that may be commenced in the future.

Legal proceedings initiated by Canadian National Railway Company

On August 13, 2015, Canadian National Railway Company (“CN”) issued a statement of claim against the Company and an employee. The statement of claim was amended on January 7, 2016 to include an additional employee and an officer of the Company. The principal allegations against the Company are that the Company obtained and benefited from certain confidential CN customer data. CN is seeking damages but has not yet provided evidence to substantiate its damages claim. The Company plans to defend this claim and the amount of loss, if any, to the Company as a result of the claim cannot be reasonably estimated.

Environmental liabilities

Environmental remediation accruals, recorded on an undiscounted basis unless a reliable, determinable estimate as to an amount and timing of costs can be established, cover site-specific remediation programs.

The accruals for environmental remediation represent CP’s best estimate of its probable future obligation and include both asserted and unasserted claims, without reduction for anticipated recoveries from third parties. Although the recorded accruals include CP’s best estimate of all probable costs, CP’s total environmental remediation costs cannot be predicted with certainty. Accruals for environmental remediation may change from time to time as new information about previously untested sites becomes known, and as environmental laws and regulations evolve and advances are made in environmental remediation technology. The accruals may also vary as the courts decide legal proceedings against outside parties responsible for contamination. These potential charges, which cannot be quantified at this time, are not expected to be material to CP’s financial position, but may materially affect income in the particular period in which a charge is recognized. Costs related to existing, but as yet unknown, or future contamination will be accrued in the period in which they become probable and reasonably estimable.

The expense included in “Purchased services and other” for the three months ended March 31, 2016 was $1 million (three months ended March 31, 2015 - $3 million). Provisions for environmental remediation costs are recorded in “Other long-term liabilities”, except for the current portion which is recorded in “Accounts payable and accrued liabilities”. The total amount provided at March 31, 2016 was $88 million (December 31, 2015 - $93 million). Payments are expected to be made over 10 years through 2026.

13 Condensed consolidating financial information

Canadian Pacific Railway Company, a 100%-owned subsidiary of Canadian Pacific Railway Limited (“CPRL”), is the issuer of certain debt securities, which are fully and unconditionally guaranteed by CPRL. The following tables present condensed consolidating financial information (“CCFI”) in accordance with Rule 3-10(c) of Regulation S-X.

Investments in subsidiaries are accounted for under the equity method when presenting the CCFI.

The tables include all adjustments necessary to reconcile the CCFI on a consolidated basis to CPRL’s consolidated financial statements for the periods presented.

Interim Condensed Consolidating Statements of Income

For the three months ended March 31, 2016



(in millions of Canadian dollars)	CPRL (Parent Guarantor)			CPRC (Subsidiary Issuer)			Non-Guarantor Subsidiaries			Consolidating Adjustments and Eliminations			CPRL Consolidated
Revenues
Freight	$	—		$	1,097		$	451		$	—		$	1,548
Non-freight	—			33			96			(86		)	43
Total revenues	—			1,130			547			(86		)	1,591
Operating expenses
Compensation and benefits	—			201			126			2			329
Fuel	—			103			22			—			125
Materials	—			38			10			8			56
Equipment rents	—			54			(9		)	—			45
Depreciation and amortization	—			107			55			—			162
Purchased services and other	—			136			181			(96		)	221
Total operating expenses	—			639			385			(86		)	938
Operating income	—			491			162			—			653
Less:
Other income and charges	(69		)	(138		)	26			—			(181		)
Net interest (income) expense	(1		)	131			(6		)	—			124
Income before income tax expense and equity in net earnings of subsidiaries	70			498			142			—			710
Less: Income tax expense	9			111			50			—			170
Add: Equity in net earnings of subsidiaries	479			92			—			(571		)	—
Net income	$	540		$	479		$	92		$	(571	)	$	540

Interim Condensed Consolidating Statements of Income

For the three months ended March 31, 2015



(in millions of Canadian dollars)	CPRL (Parent Guarantor)			CPRC (Subsidiary Issuer)		Non-Guarantor Subsidiaries			Consolidating Adjustments and Eliminations			CPRL Consolidated
Revenues
Freight	$	—		$	1,119	$	511		$	—		$	1,630
Non-freight	—			29		89			(83		)	35
Total revenues	—			1,148		600			(83		)	1,665
Operating expenses
Compensation and benefits	—			262		116			—			378
Fuel	—			161		34			—			195
Materials	—			43		9			—			52
Equipment rents	—			36		6			—			42
Depreciation and amortization	—			102		44			—			146
Purchased services and other	—			142		181			(83		)	240
Total operating expenses	—			746		390			(83		)	1,053
Operating income	—			402		210			—			612
Less:
Other income and charges	18			86		(31		)	—			73
Net interest expense (income)	—			96		(11		)	—			85
(Loss) income before income tax expense and equity in net earnings of subsidiaries	(18		)	220		252			—			454
Less: Income tax (recovery) expense	(4		)	67		71			—			134
Add: Equity in net earnings of subsidiaries	334			181		—			(515		)	—
Net income	$	320		$	334	$	181		$	(515	)	$	320

Interim Condensed Consolidating Statements of Comprehensive Income

For the three months ended March 31, 2016



(in millions of Canadian dollars)	CPRL (Parent Guarantor)			CPRC (Subsidiary Issuer)			Non-Guarantor Subsidiaries			Consolidating Adjustments and Eliminations			CPRL Consolidated
Net income	$	540		$	479		$	92		$	(571	)	$	540
Net gain (loss) in foreign currency translation adjustments, net of hedging activities	—			310			(273		)	—			37
Change in derivatives designated as cash flow hedges	—			(47		)	—			—			(47		)
Change in pension and post-retirement defined benefit plans	—			45			2			—			47
Other comprehensive income (loss) before income taxes	—			308			(271		)	—			37
Income tax expense on above items	—			(41		)	—			—			(41		)
Equity accounted investments	(4		)	(271		)	—			275			—
Other comprehensive loss	(4		)	(4		)	(271		)	275			(4		)
Comprehensive income (loss)	$	536		$	475		$	(179	)	$	(296	)	$	536

Interim Condensed Consolidating Statements of Comprehensive Income

For the three months ended March 31, 2015



(in millions of Canadian dollars)	CPRL (Parent Guarantor)		CPRC (Subsidiary Issuer)			Non-Guarantor Subsidiaries			Consolidating Adjustments and Eliminations			CPRL Consolidated
Net income	$	320	$	334		$	181		$	(515	)	$	320
Net (loss) gain in foreign currency translation adjustments, net of hedging activities	—		(357		)	320			—			(37		)
Change in derivatives designated as cash flow hedges	—		(69		)	—			—			(69		)
Change in pension and post-retirement defined benefit plans	—		70			2			—			72
Other comprehensive (loss) income before income taxes	—		(356		)	322			—			(34		)
Income tax recovery (expense) on above items	—		68			(22		)	—			46
Equity accounted investments	12		300			—			(312		)	—
Other comprehensive income	12		12			300			(312		)	12
Comprehensive income	$	332	$	346		$	481		$	(827	)	$	332

Interim Condensed Consolidating Balance Sheets

As at March 31, 2016



(in millions of Canadian dollars)	CPRL (Parent Guarantor)			CPRC (Subsidiary Issuer)			Non-Guarantor Subsidiaries		Consolidating Adjustments and Eliminations			CPRL Consolidated
Assets
Current assets
Cash and cash equivalents	$	—		$	376		$	195	$	—		$	571
Accounts receivable, net	—			470			159		—			629
Accounts receivable, inter-company	61			101			179		(341		)	—
Short-term advances to affiliates	45			19			3,475		(3,539		)	—
Materials and supplies	—			150			31		—			181
Other current assets	—			50			19		—			69
	106			1,166			4,058		(3,880		)	1,450
Long-term advances to affiliates	501			208			352		(1,061		)	—
Investments	—			23			125		—			148
Investments in subsidiaries	7,948			9,657			—		(17,605		)	—
Properties	—			8,456			7,557		—			16,013
Goodwill and intangible assets	—			—			196		—			196
Pension asset	—			1,489			—		—			1,489
Other assets	—			46			7		—			53
Deferred income taxes	16			—			—		(16		)	—
Total assets	$	8,571		$	21,045		$	12,295	$	(22,562	)	$	19,349
Liabilities and shareholders’ equity
Current liabilities
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities	$	53		$	853		$	237	$	—		$	1,143
Accounts payable, inter-company	2			239			100		(341		)	—
Short-term advances from affiliates	3,226			294			19		(3,539		)	—
Long-term debt maturing within one year	—			23			—		—			23
	3,281			1,409			356		(3,880		)	1,166
Pension and other benefit liabilities	—			673			77		—			750
Long-term advances from affiliates	—			854			207		(1,061		)	—
Other long-term liabilities	—			165			126		—			291
Long-term debt	—			8,369			61		—			8,430
Deferred income taxes	—			1,627			1,811		(16		)	3,422
Total liabilities	3,281			13,097			2,638		(4,957		)	14,059
Shareholders’ equity
Share capital	2,065			1,037			5,459		(6,496		)	2,065
Additional paid-in capital	48			1,573			623		(2,196		)	48
Accumulated other comprehensive (loss) income	(1,481		)	(1,481		)	569		912			(1,481		)
Retained earnings	4,658			6,819			3,006		(9,825		)	4,658
	5,290			7,948			9,657		(17,605		)	5,290
Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity	$	8,571		$	21,045		$	12,295	$	(22,562	)	$	19,349

Condensed Consolidating Balance Sheets

As at December 31, 2015



(in millions of Canadian dollars)	CPRL (Parent Guarantor)			CPRC (Subsidiary Issuer)			Non-Guarantor Subsidiaries		Consolidating Adjustments and Eliminations			CPRL Consolidated
Assets
Current assets
Cash and cash equivalents	$	—		$	502		$	148	$	—		$	650
Accounts receivable, net	—			452			193		—			645
Accounts receivable, inter-company	59			105			265		(429		)	—
Short-term advances to affiliates	—			75			3,483		(3,558		)	—
Materials and supplies	—			154			34		—			188
Other current assets	—			37			17		—			54
	59			1,325			4,140		(3,987		)	1,537
Long-term advances to affiliates	501			207			376		(1,084		)	—
Investments	—			22			130		—			152
Investments in subsidiaries	7,518			9,832			—		(17,350		)	—
Properties	—			8,481			7,792		—			16,273
Goodwill and intangible assets	—			3			208		—			211
Pension asset	—			1,401			—		—			1,401
Other assets	—			55			8		—			63
Deferred income taxes	25			—			—		(25		)	—
Total assets	$	8,103		$	21,326		$	12,654	$	(22,446	)	$	19,637
Liabilities and shareholders’ equity
Current liabilities
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities	$	54		$	1,122		$	241	$	—		$	1,417
Accounts payable, inter-company	—			325			104		(429		)	—
Short-term advances from affiliates	3,253			230			75		(3,558		)	—
Long-term debt maturing within one year	—			24			6		—			30
	3,307			1,701			426		(3,987		)	1,447
Pension and other benefit liabilities	—			676			82		—			758
Long-term advances from affiliates	—			877			207		(1,084		)	—
Other long-term liabilities	—			186			132		—			318
Long-term debt	—			8,863			64		—			8,927
Deferred income taxes	—			1,505			1,911		(25		)	3,391
Total liabilities	3,307			13,808			2,822		(5,096		)	14,841
Shareholders’ equity
Share capital	2,058			1,037			5,465		(6,502		)	2,058
Additional paid-in capital	43			1,568			613		(2,181		)	43
Accumulated other comprehensive (loss) income	(1,477		)	(1,477		)	840		637			(1,477		)
Retained earnings	4,172			6,390			2,914		(9,304		)	4,172
	4,796			7,518			9,832		(17,350		)	4,796
Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity	$	8,103		$	21,326		$	12,654	$	(22,446	)	$	19,637

Interim Condensed Consolidating Statements of Cash Flows

For the three months ended March 31, 2016



(in millions of Canadian dollars)	CPRL (Parent Guarantor)			CPRC (Subsidiary Issuer)			Non-Guarantor Subsidiaries			Consolidating Adjustments and Eliminations			CPRL Consolidated
Cash provided by operating activities	$	23		$	51		$	198		$	(54	)	$	218
Investing activities
Additions to properties	—			(132		)	(146		)	—			(278		)
Proceeds from sale of properties and other assets	—			57			3			—			60
Advances to affiliates	—			(35		)	—			35			—
Capital contributions to affiliates	—			(9		)	—			9			—
Repurchase of share capital from affiliates	—			6			—			(6		)	—
Cash used in investing activities	—			(113		)	(143		)	38			(218		)
Financing activities
Dividends paid	(54		)	(54		)	—			54			(54		)
Issuance of share capital	—			—			9			(9		)	—
Return of share capital to affiliates	—			—			(6		)	6			—
Issuance of CP Common Shares	5			—			—			—			5
Repayment of long-term debt, excluding commercial paper	—			(4		)	(7		)	—			(11		)
Advances from affiliates	26			—			9			(35		)	—
Other	—			(2		)	—			—			(2		)
Cash (used in) provided by financing activities	(23		)	(60		)	5			16			(62		)
Effect of foreign currency fluctuations on U.S. dollar-denominated cash and cash equivalents	—			(4		)	(13		)	—			(17		)
Cash position
(Decrease) increase in cash and cash equivalents	—			(126		)	47			—			(79		)
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period	—			502			148			—			650
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period	$	—		$	376		$	195		$	—		$	571

Interim Condensed Consolidating Statements of Cash Flows

For the three months ended March 31, 2015



(in millions of Canadian dollars)	CPRL (Parent Guarantor)			CPRC (Subsidiary Issuer)			Non-Guarantor Subsidiaries			Consolidating Adjustments and Eliminations			CPRL Consolidated
Cash provided by operating activities	$	56		$	299		$	273		$	(73	)	$	555
Investing activities
Additions to properties	—			(93		)	(170		)	—			(263		)
Proceeds from sale of properties and other assets	—			50			2			—			52
Advances to affiliates	—			(303		)	(229		)	532			—
Capital contributions to affiliates	—			(117		)	—			117			—
Other	—			20			—			—			20
Cash used in investing activities	—			(443		)	(397		)	649			(191		)
Financing activities
Dividends paid	(58		)	(58		)	(15		)	73			(58		)
Issuance of share capital	—			—			117			(117		)	—
Issuance of CP Common Shares	16			—			—			—			16
Purchase of CP Common Shares	(529		)	—			—			—			(529		)
Issuance of long-term debt, excluding commercial paper	—			810			—			—			810
Repayment of long-term debt, excluding commercial paper	—			(14		)	(44		)	—			(58		)
Net repayment of commercial paper	—			(593		)	—			—			(593		)
Advances from affiliates	515			—			17			(532		)	—
Cash (used in) provided by financing activities	(56		)	145			75			(576		)	(412		)
Effect of foreign currency fluctuations on U.S. dollar-denominated cash and cash equivalents	—			—			6			—			6
Cash position
Increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents	—			1			(43		)	—			(42		)
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period	—			152			74			—			226
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period	$	—		$	153		$	31		$	—		$	184

14 Subsequent event

On April 19, 2016, the Company declared a quarterly dividend of $0.5000 per share payable on July 25, 2016 to shareholders of record on June 24, 2016.

ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

The following discussion and analysis should be read in conjunction with the Interim Consolidated Financial Statements and related notes for the three months ended March 31, 2016 in Item 1. Financial Statements, and other information in this report. Except where otherwise indicated, all financial information reflected herein is expressed in Canadian dollars.

For purposes of this report, all references herein to “CP,” “the Company,” “we,” “our” and “us” refer to CPRL, CPRL and its subsidiaries, CPRL and one or more of its subsidiaries, or one or more of CPRL's subsidiaries, as the context may require.

Available Information

CP makes available on or through its website www.cpr.ca free of charge, its annual reports on Form 10-K, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, current reports on Form 8-K and all amendments to those reports as soon as reasonably practicable after such reports are filed with or furnished to the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”). Also, filings made pursuant to Section 16 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (“Exchange Act”) with the SEC by our executive officers, directors and other reporting persons with respect to the Company's Common Shares are made available free of charge, through our website. Our website also contains charters for each of the committees of our Board of Directors, our corporate governance guidelines and our Code of Business Ethics. SEC filings made by CP are also accessible through the SEC’s website at www.sec.gov. The information on our website is not part of this quarterly report on Form 10-Q.

The Company has included the Chief Executive Officer (“CEO”) and Chief Financial Officer (“CFO”) certifications regarding the Company's public disclosure required by Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 as an Exhibit to this report.

Executive Summary

First Quarter 2016 Results

•

Financial performance – In the first quarter of 2016, CP reported Diluted EPS of $3.51 while Adjusted diluted EPS was $2.50, 83% and 11% improvements compared to the Diluted EPS of $1.92 and Adjusted diluted EPS of $2.26, respectively, for the same period in 2015. CP’s commitment to operational efficiency produced an operating ratio of 58.9%, a 430 basis point improvement. Adjusted diluted EPS is defined and reconciled in Non-GAAP Measures and discussed further in Results of Operations of this Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.

•

Operating performance – CP’s continued focus on asset utilization and network investments resulted in significant improvements to CP’s key operating metrics. CP’s network train speed increased by 21% to 23.5 miles per hour, terminal dwell improved by 22% to 6.9 hours and fuel efficiency improved by 9% to 0.998 U.S. gallons of locomotive fuel consumed per 1,000 gross ton-miles ("GTMs"). These metrics are discussed further in Performance Indicators of this Item 2. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.

Recent Developments

On April 20, 2016, CP announced that it intends to implement a new normal course issuer bid to repurchase, for cancellation, up to 6.91 million of its Common Shares, subject to Toronto Stock Exchange acceptance.

Also on April 20, 2016, CP announced an increase to the Company's quarterly dividend to $0.5000 per share from $0.3500 per share payable on July 25, 2016 to shareholders of record on June 24, 2016.

Changes to Executive Officers

On April 20, 2016, the Company announced that Mr. Robert Johnson was appointed Executive Vice-President, Operations.

Performance Indicators

The following table lists the key measures of the Company’s operating performance:



For the three months ended March 31	2016⁽¹⁾	2015⁽¹⁾	% Change
Operations Performance
Freight gross ton-miles (“GTMs”) (millions)	61,913	65,355	(5	)
Revenue ton-miles (“RTMs”) (millions)	34,335	36,063	(5	)
Train miles (thousands)	7,854	8,540	(8	)
Average train weight – excluding local traffic (tons)	8,498	8,183	4
Average train length – excluding local traffic (feet)	7,108	6,773	5
Average terminal dwell (hours)	6.9	8.9	(22	)
Average train speed (mph)	23.5	19.5	21
Fuel efficiency (U.S. gallons of locomotive fuel consumed /1,000 GTMs)	0.998	1.048	(5	)
Total employees (average)	12,434	14,364	(13	)
Total employees (end of period)	12,443	14,259	(13	)
Workforce (end of period)	12,508	14,342	(13	)
Safety Indicators
FRA personal injuries per 200,000 employee-hours	1.45	2.09	(31	)
FRA train accidents per million train miles	0.81	1.48	(45	)

⁽¹⁾ Certain figures have been revised to conform with current presentation or have been updated to reflect new information.

Operations Performance

GTMs are defined as the movement of total train weight over a distance of one mile. Total train weight comprises the weight of the freight cars, their contents, and any inactive locomotives. An increase in GTMs indicates additional workload. GTMs for the first quarter of 2016 were 61,913 million, a 5% decrease compared with 65,355 million in the same period of 2015. This decline was primarily due to a drop in volumes in the Crude, Coal, and Metals, minerals and consumer products lines of business.

RTMs are defined as the movement of one revenue-producing ton of freight over a distance of one mile. RTMs measure the relative weight and distance of rail freight moved by the Company. RTMs for the first quarter of 2016 were 34,335 million, a decrease of 1,728 million or 5% compared with 36,063 million in the same period of 2015. This decrease was primarily due to lower volumes in the U.S. Grain, Crude and other energy related products and Potash lines of business. This decrease in RTMs was partially offset by increased shipments of Canadian grain.

Train miles for the first quarter of 2016 decreased by 686 thousand miles or 8% compared to the same period of 2015, reflecting continuous improvements in operating efficiency from longer, heavier trains.

The average train weight is defined as the average gross weight of CP trains, both loaded and empty. This excludes trains in short-haul service, work trains used to move CP’s track equipment and materials, and the haulage of other railways’ trains on CP’s network. Average train weight increased in the first quarter of 2016 by 315 tons, or 4%, from the same period of 2015.

The average train length is defined as the sum of each car length multiplied by the distance travelled, divided by train miles. Local trains are excluded from this measure. Average train length increased in the first quarter of 2016 by 335 feet, or 5%, from the same period of 2015.

Both average train weight and length in the first quarter of 2016 benefited from improvements in operating plan efficiency.

The average terminal dwell is defined as the average time a freight car resides within terminal boundaries expressed in hours. The timing starts with a train arriving in the terminal, a customer releasing the car to the Company, or a car arriving at interchange from another railway. The timing ends when the train leaves, a customer receives the car from CP, or the freight car is transferred to another railway. Freight cars are excluded if they are being stored at the terminal or used in track repairs. Average terminal dwell decreased by 22% to 6.9 hours in the first quarter of 2016 from 8.9 hours in the same period of 2015. This favourable decrease was primarily due to continued improvements in yard operating performance.

The average train speed is defined as a measure of the line-haul movement from origin to destination including terminal dwell hours. It is calculated by dividing the total train miles travelled by the total train hours operated. This calculation does not include delay time related to customer or foreign railways and excludes the time and distance travelled by: i) trains used in or around CP’s yards; ii) passenger trains; and iii) trains used for repairing track. Average train speed was 23.5 miles per hour in the first quarter of 2016, an increase of 21%, from 19.5 miles per hour in the same period of 2015. This favourable increase was primarily due to improved train design and operating plan execution.

Fuel efficiency improved by 5% in the first quarter of 2016 compared to the same period of 2015. Improvements in fuel efficiency were a result of increased locomotive productivity, operational fluidity, and execution of the Company's fuel conservation strategies.

An employee is defined by the Company as an individual currently engaged in full-time or part-time employment with CP. Employees could be engaged in full-time, part-time or seasonal capacity. The average number of total employees for the first quarter of 2016 was 12,434, a decrease of 1,930, or 13%, compared with the same period of 2015. The total number of employees as at March 31, 2016 was 12,443, a decrease of 13% compared with 14,259 as at March 31, 2015. The Company's workforce is defined as employees, plus contractors and consultants. The Company's total workforce as at March 31, 2016 was 12,508, a decrease of 1,834, or 13%, compared with 14,342 as at March 31, 2015. This reduction was primarily due to lower workload, strong operational performance and natural attrition.

Safety Indicators

Safety is a key priority and core strategy for CP’s management, employees and Board of Directors. The Company’s two main safety indicators – personal injuries and train accidents – follow strict U.S. Federal Railroad Administration (“FRA”) reporting guidelines.

The FRA personal injury rate per 200,000 employee-hours is the number of personal injuries multiplied by 200,000 and divided by total employee hours. Personal injuries are defined as injuries that require employees to lose time away from work, modify their normal duties or obtain medical treatment beyond minor first aid. FRA employee-hours are the total hours worked, excluding vacation and sick time, by all employees, excluding contractors. The FRA personal injury rate per 200,000 employee-hours for CP was 1.45 in the first quarter of 2016, down from 2.09 in the same period of 2015. The FRA train accidents per million train miles was 0.81 in the first quarter of 2016, a decrease from 1.48 in the same period of 2015.

Financial Highlights



For the three months ended March 31
(in millions, except per share data, percentages and ratios)	2016			2015
Financial Performance
Revenues	$	1,591		$	1,665
Operating income	653			612
Net income	540			320
Adjusted income⁽¹⁾	384			375
Basic earnings per share	3.53			1.94
Diluted earnings per share	3.51			1.92
Adjusted diluted earnings per share⁽¹⁾	2.50			2.26
Dividends declared per share	0.3500			0.3500
Financial Position
Total assets⁽²⁾⁽³⁾	$	19,349		$	19,637
Total long-term obligations^(2)(3)(4)	8,508			9,012
Shareholders’ equity⁽³⁾	5,290			4,796
Cash provided by operating activities	218			555
Free cash⁽¹⁾	(71		)	312
Financial Ratios
Return on invested capital ("ROIC")⁽¹⁾	14.8		%	14.6		%
Adjusted ROIC⁽¹⁾	15.2		%	15.2		%
Operating ratio⁽⁵⁾	58.9		%	63.2		%


⁽¹⁾	These measures have no standardized meanings prescribed by accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America ("GAAP") and, therefore, may not be comparable to similar measures presented by other companies. These measures are defined and reconciled in Non-GAAP Measures of this Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.


⁽²⁾	2015 comparative period figures have been restated for retrospective adoption of Accounting Standards Update ("ASU") 2015-17.

⁽³⁾2015 information is as at December 31, 2015.

⁽⁴⁾Excludes deferred income taxes: $3,422 million and $3,391 million; and other non-financial deferred liabilities of $963 million and $991 million at March 31, 2016 and 2015 respectively.

⁽⁵⁾Operating ratio is defined as operating expenses divided by revenues.

Results of Operations

Income

Operating income was $653 million in the first quarter of 2016, an increase of $41 million, or 7%, from $612 million in the same period of 2015. This increase was primarily due to:


•	the favourable impact of the change in foreign exchange (“FX”) of $54 million;


•	efficiencies generated from improved operating performance and asset utilization;


•	higher pension income of $33 million;


•	lower casualty expense of $16 million; and


•	lower share-based compensation expense of $14 million.

This increase was partially offset by lower traffic volume and higher wage and benefit inflation of 3%.

Net income was $540 million in the first quarter of 2016, an increase of $220 million, or 69%, from $320 million in the same period of 2015. This increase was primarily due to higher operating income and the favourable impact of FX translation on U.S. dollar-denominated debt, partially offset by higher interest expense on new debt issued in 2015 and an increase in Income tax expense due to higher taxable earnings.

Adjusted income, defined and reconciled in Non-GAAP Measures of this Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations, was $384 million in the first quarter of 2016, an increase of $9 million, or 2%, from $375 million in the same period of 2015. This increase was due to the same factors discussed above for the increase in Net income except that Adjusted income excluded the impact of FX translation on U.S. dollar-denominated debt.

Diluted Earnings per Share

Diluted earnings per share was $3.51 in the first quarter of 2016, an increase of $1.59, or 83% from $1.92 in the same period of 2015. Adjusted diluted EPS, defined and reconciled in Non-GAAP Measures of this Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations, was $2.50 in the first quarter of 2016, an increase of $0.24, or 11%, from $2.26 in the same period of 2015. These increases were primarily due to higher Net income and Adjusted income, respectively, and lower average outstanding shares due to the Company’s share repurchase program.

Operating Ratio

The Operating ratio provides the percentage of revenues used to operate the railway. A lower percentage normally indicates higher efficiency in the operation of the railway. The Company’s Operating ratio was 58.9% in the first quarter of 2016, a 430 basis point improvement from 63.2% in the same period of 2015. This improvement was primarily due to efficiencies generated from improved operating performance and asset utilization, higher pension income and lower casualty expense.

This improvement was offset by lower traffic volumes and wage and benefit inflation.

Return on Invested Capital

ROIC is a measure of how productively the Company uses its long-term capital investments, representing critical indicators of good operating and investment decisions made by management, and is an important performance criteria in determining certain elements of the Company's long-term incentive plan. ROIC was 14.8% for the twelve months ended March 31, 2016, a 20 basis point increase compared to 14.6% for the twelve months ended March 31, 2015. This increase was due to higher income and lower total shareholders' equity, primarily due to the Company's share repurchase program. Adjusted ROIC was 15.2% for the twelve months ended March 31, 2016, and was unchanged compared to the twelve months ended March 31, 2015. ROIC and Adjusted ROIC are defined and reconciled in Non-GAAP Measures of this Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.

Impact of FX on Earnings

Fluctuations in FX affect the Company’s results because U.S. dollar-denominated revenues and expenses are translated into Canadian dollars. U.S. dollar-denominated revenues and expenses increase (decrease) when the Canadian dollar weakens (strengthens) in relation to the U.S. dollar. In the first quarter of 2016, the impact of a stronger U.S. dollar resulted in an increase in total revenues of $108 million, an increase in total operating expenses of $54 million and an increase in interest expense of $7 million from the same period in 2015.



Canadian to U.S. dollar
Exchange rates	2016		2015
Beginning of quarter – January 1	$	1.38	$	1.16
End of quarter – March 31	$	1.30	$	1.27

Impact of Fuel Price on Earnings

Fluctuations in fuel prices affect the Company’s results because fuel expense constitutes a significant portion of CP's operating costs. As fuel prices fluctuate, there will be a timing impact on earnings. In the first quarter of 2016, the impact of lower fuel prices resulted in a decrease in total revenues of $82 million and a decrease in total operating expenses of $67 million from the same period in 2015.

Impact of Share Price on Earnings



CP Common Share Price
Toronto Stock Exchange (in Canadian dollars)	2016			2015
Opening Common Share Price, as at January 1	$	176.73		$	223.75
Ending Common Share Price, as at March 31	$	172.55		$	231.90
Change in Common Share Price	$	(4.18	)	$	8.15



Common Share Price
New York Stock Exchange (in U.S. dollars)	2016		2015
Opening Common Share Price, as at January 1	$	127.60	$	192.69
Ending Common Share Price, as at March 31	$	132.69	$	182.70
Change in Common Share Price	$	5.09	$	(9.99	)

Fluctuations in the Common Share price affect the Company's operating expenses because share-based liabilities are fair valued. In the first quarter of 2016, the impact of the change in Common Share price resulted in a decrease in stock-based compensation expense of $2 million compared to an increase of $7 million in the same period in 2015.

Operating Revenues



					2016 vs. 2015
For the three months ended March 31	2016		2015		% Change		Total Change			FX Impact⁽²⁾
Freight revenues (in millions)⁽¹⁾	$	1,548	$	1,630	(5	)	$	(82	)	$	107
Non-freight revenues (in millions)	43		35		23		8			1
Total revenues (in millions)	$	1,591	$	1,665	(4	)	$	(74	)	$	108
Carloads (in thousands)	614		642		(4	)	(28		)	N/A
Revenue ton-miles (in millions)	34,335		36,063		(5	)	(1,728		)	N/A
Freight revenue per carload (dollars)	$	2,520	$	2,541	(1	)	$	(21	)	N/A
Freight revenue per revenue ton-miles (cents)	4.51		4.52		—		(0.01		)	N/A

⁽¹⁾Freight revenues include fuel surcharge revenues of $22 million in 2016, and $104 million in 2015.

⁽²⁾FX impact is a component of the Total Change.

The Company’s revenues are primarily derived from transporting freight. Non-freight revenue is generated from leasing of certain assets, contracts with passenger service operators, switching fees, transload activities and logistical management services. Changes in freight volumes generally contribute to corresponding changes in freight revenues and certain variable expenses, such as fuel, equipment rents and crew costs.

Freight Revenues

Freight revenues were $1,548 million in the first quarter of 2016, a decrease of $82 million, or 5% from $1,630 million in the same period of 2015. This decrease was primarily due to the impact of lower fuel prices on fuel surcharge revenue of $82 million and an overall decline in traffic volumes. This decrease was partially offset by a favourable impact of the change in FX of $107 million.

Non-freight Revenues

Non-freight revenues were $43 million in the first quarter of 2016, an increase of $8 million, or 23% from $35 million in the same period of 2015. This increase was primarily due to higher transload revenues following the acquisition of Steelcare Inc. in the third quarter of 2015, leasing and switching revenues. The favourable impact of the change in FX accounted for $1 million of the increase.

Lines of Business

Canadian Grain



					2016 vs. 2015
For the three months ended March 31	2016		2015		% Change		Total Change			FX Impact⁽¹⁾
Freight revenues (in millions)	$	254	$	256	(1	)	$	(2	)	$	8
Carloads (in thousands)	66		61		8		5			N/A
Revenue ton-miles (in millions)	6,941		6,405		8		536			N/A
Freight revenue per carload (dollars)	$	3,861	$	4,214	(8	)	$	(353	)	N/A
Freight revenue per revenue ton-mile (cents)	3.66		3.99		(8	)	(0.33		)	N/A