Capstone Green Energy Corp - Annual Report: 2017 (Form 10-K)

 

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

 

FORM 10‑K

 

 

Commission file number 001‑15957

 

CAPSTONE TURBINE CORPORATION

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

 

 

(818) 734‑5300

(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

 

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

 

 

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: None

 

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well‑known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes ☐   No ☒

 

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act. Yes ☐   No ☒

 

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒   No ☐

 

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S‑T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files). Yes ☒  No ☐

 

Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S‑K is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of registrant’s knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10‑K or any amendment to this Form 10‑K. ☒

 

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non‑accelerated filer, smaller reporting company or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer”, “smaller reporting company” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b‑2 of the Exchange Act.

 

 

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act ☐

 

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b‑2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐   No ☒

 

The aggregate market value of the shares of Common Stock of the registrant held by non‑affiliates on September 30, 2016 was approximately $41.6 million.

 

As of June 6, 2017, there were 41,525,923 shares of the registrant’s Common Stock outstanding.

 

DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE

 

Portions of the definitive proxy statement relating to the registrant’s 2017 annual meeting of stockholders are incorporated by reference into Part III of this report to the extent described therein.

 

 

CAPSTONE TURBINE CORPORATION

 

FORM 10‑K

 

TABLE OF CONTENTS

 

 

 

 

 

PART I

Item 1.  Business.

Overview

Capstone Turbine Corporation (“Capstone”, “We” or the “Company”) develops, manufactures, markets and services microturbine technology solutions for use in stationary distributed power generation applications, including cogeneration (combined heat and power (“CHP”), integrated combined heat and power (“ICHP”), and combined cooling, heat and power (“CCHP”)), renewable energy, natural resources and critical power supply. In addition, our microturbines can be used as battery charging generators for hybrid electric vehicle applications. Microturbines allow customers to produce power on site in parallel with the electric grid or stand-alone when no utility grid is available. Several technologies are used to provide “on site power generation” (also called “distributed generation”) such as reciprocating engines, solar power, wind turbine systems and fuel cells. For customers who do not have access to the electric utility grid, microturbines provide clean, on site power with fewer scheduled maintenance intervals and greater fuel flexibility than competing technologies. For customers with access to the electric grid, microturbines provide an additional source of continuous duty power, thereby providing additional reliability and potential cost savings. With our stand alone feature, customers can produce their own energy in the event of a power outage and can use microturbines as their primary source of power for extended periods. Because our microturbines also produce clean, usable heat energy, they provide economic advantages to customers who can benefit from the use of hot water, chilled water, air conditioning and heating. Our microturbines are sold, installed and serviced primarily through our global distribution network. Together with our distributors, we offer new and remanufactured parts as well as a comprehensive Factory Protection Plan (“FPP”).

We offer microturbines designed for commercial, industrial and utility users with product offerings ranging from 30 kilowatts (“kW”) to one megawatt (“MW”) in electric power output. Our microturbines combine patented air bearing technology, advanced combustion technology and sophisticated power electronics to form efficient and ultra-low emission electricity and cooling and heat production systems. Because of our air bearing technology, our microturbines do not require lube oil or coolant. This means they do not require routine maintenance to change and dispose of oil or other liquid lubricants, as do the most common reciprocating engines. Our microturbines can be fueled by various sources, including natural gas, propane, sour gas, renewable fuels such as landfill or digester gas, kerosene, butane, diesel and biodiesel. Our microturbines are available with integrated heat exchangers, making them easy to engineer and install in applications where hot water, chilled water, air conditioning and heating is used.

We sell complete microturbine units, components and various accessories. We also remanufacture microturbine engines and provide aftermarket parts and services. Our microturbines are sold primarily through distributors and Original Equipment Manufacturers (“OEMs”). Distributors purchase our products for sale to end users and also provide service, application engineering and installation support. Distributors also provide a variety of additional services, including engineering the applications in which the microturbines will be used, installation support of the products at the end users’ sites, commissioning the installed applications and providing post commissioning service, including a comprehensive FPP. Our distributors perform as independent value added resellers. OEMs integrate our products into their own product solutions.

This Annual Report on Form 10 K (this “Form 10 K”) refers to our fiscal years ending March 31 as its “Fiscal” years.

Products

Our 30 kW (“C30”) microturbine can produce enough electricity to power a small convenience store. The 65 kW (“C65”) microturbine can produce enough heat to provide hot water to a 100 room hotel while also providing about one third of its electrical requirements. Our 200 kW (“C200”) microturbine is well suited for larger hotels, office buildings and wastewater treatment plants, among others. By packaging the C200 microturbine power modules into an International Organization for Standardization (“ISO”) sized container, we have created a family of microturbine offerings from 600 kW up to one megawatt in a compact footprint. Our 600kW, 800kW and 1000 kW (“C1000 Series”)

microturbines are well suited for utility substations, larger commercial and industrial facilities and remote oil and gas applications.

We began commercial sales of our C30 products in 1998, targeting the emerging distributed generation industry that was being driven by fundamental changes in power requirements. In September 2000, we shipped the first commercial unit of our 60 kW microturbine (“C60”), which was replaced by the C65 model during the quarter ended March 31, 2006. We began shipping the C60 ICHP solution in 2003. Our C60 microturbine was the first combustion power generation product to be certified by the CARB as meeting its stringent distributed generation emissions standards that went into effect in 2003. The first commercial C200 microturbine was shipped on August 28, 2008. Our C1000 Series product was developed based on our C200 microturbine engine. The C1000 Series product can be configured into 1,000 kW, 800 kW and 600 kW solutions in a single ISO sized container. The first commercial shipment of our C1000 Series product was on December 29, 2008. During Fiscal 2016, we unveiled our C1000 Signature (“C1000S’) microturbine as part of our new C1000S microturbine energy systems which also includes an 800kW (“C800S”) or 600kW (“C600S”) microturbine. The C1000S microturbine incorporates over 70 components, system and design upgrades intended to improve the overall product quality and enhance the microturbine ownership experience in all applications but specifically for CHP and CCHP applications. We began shipping the C200 and C1000 Signature Series ICHP solution in the fourth quarter of fiscal 2017.

Our microturbines are compact, lightweight and environmentally friendly generators of electricity and heat compared to competing technologies. They operate on the same principle as a jet engine using a variety of commercially available fuels. For example, our microturbines can operate on low British Thermal Unit (“BTU”) gas, which is gas with lower energy content, and can also operate on gas with a high amount of sulfur, known in the industry as sour gas. Examples of these fuel sources include methane from facilities such as wastewater treatment plants, landfills and anaerobic digesters. Our microturbine’s multi fuel capability provides competitive advantages with respect to some of our selected vertical markets. The combustor system remains the same for all fuels except for the fuel injectors, which currently vary between liquid and gaseous fuels.

Our microturbines incorporate four major design features: advanced combustion technology, patented air bearing technology, digital power electronics and proprietary remote monitoring systems.

Our advanced combustion technology allows our microturbines to achieve low emissions. Our natural gas fueled C65 and C200 microturbines were certified by the California Air Resources Board (“CARB”) as meeting its stringent 2007 emissions requirements—the same emissions standard used to certify fuel cells and the same emissions levels as a central power plant. Our C65 and C200 Landfill and Digester Gas systems were certified by the CARB as meeting its 2008 waste gas emissions requirements for landfill and digester gas applications. These low emission levels not only provide an environmentally friendly product, but also eliminate permitting requirements in several municipalities for continuously operated onsite power generation.

The patented air bearing system allows the microturbine’s single moving assembly to produce power without the need for typical petroleum based lubrication. Air bearings use a high pressure field of air rather than petroleum lubricants. This improves reliability and reduces maintenance such as oil changes.

The digital power electronics manage critical functions and monitor operations of the microturbine; our electronic controls manage the microturbine’s speed, temperature and fuel flow and communication with external networks and building management systems. The digital power electronics coordinate with the grid when the units are operated in a grid connect mode and with the onboard battery when equipped for standalone mode. All control functions are performed digitally. Performance is optimized, resulting in low emissions, high reliability and high efficiency over a variable power range.

Our proprietary Capstone Remote Monitoring Software (“CRMS”) allows end users to operate and manage the microturbine remotely. This remote capability can provide end users with power generation flexibility and cost savings.

Our electronic controls manage microturbines using our proprietary software and advanced algorithms. The controls start the turbogenerator and manage its load, coordinate the functioning of the microturbine with the grid,

manage the speed, fuel flow and exhaust temperature of the microturbine, convert the variable frequency, up to a maximum of 1,600 Hertz and variable voltage power produced by the generator into a usable output of either 50 or 60 Hertz AC for stationary applications or DC for hybrid electric vehicle applications, and provide digital communications to externally maintain and control the equipment.

The electrical output of our units can be paralleled in multiple unit configurations through our Advanced Power Server product and a digital communications cable to serve larger installations requiring electrical loads up to ten megawatts. Our products can operate connected to the electric utility grid as a current source, on a standalone basis as a voltage source, multipacked to support larger loads as a “virtual single” unit and in dual mode, where the microturbine operates connected to the electric utility grid or operates independently.

We were the first microturbine manufacturer to achieve UL Class I, Division 2 certification and ATEX certification for operation in hazardous area oil and gas applications. These specially packaged systems are applied in oil and gas production areas with potentially explosive environments. Our C65, C200 and C1000 Series grid connect and stand-alone microturbines are listed by Underwriters Laboratories (“UL”) as meeting the UL 2200 stationary engine generator standards and the UL 1741 utility interconnection requirements.

Our C30 and C60 microturbines are certified by the California Energy Commission and were the first products to comply with the requirements of its “Rule 21” grid interconnection standard. This standard streamlines the process for connecting distributed generation systems to the grid in California. The benefits of achieving this standard include avoiding both costly external equipment procurement requirements and extensive site by site and utility by utility analysis. Our protective relay functionality has also been recognized by the State of New York, which allows our microturbines to be connected to New York’s electric utility grid.

We offer various accessories for our products including rotary gas compressors with digital controls, integrated heat recovery modules for CHP applications, dual mode controllers that allow automatic transition between grid connect and stand-alone modes, batteries with digital controls for stand-alone or dual mode operations, power servers for large multipack installations, protocol converters for Internet access, packaging options and miscellaneous parts such as frames, exhaust ducting, backflow dampers and installation hardware.

Applications

Stationary power generation applications can vary greatly depending on load size and demand location. From small 2 kW back-up generators to several large 1,000 MW central generating facilities, stationary power systems can offer superior fuel efficiency for the customer while also meeting strict emissions regulations. Historically, power generation in developed countries such as the United States has been part of a regulated utility system. However, a number of developments related primarily to the deregulation of the utility industry as well as significant technology advances have helped to broaden the range of power supply options available to interested parties.

Our full line of microturbine energy solutions target multiple vertical markets worldwide, including energy efficiency, renewable energy, natural resources, critical power supply, transportation and marine. Within these vertical markets, we focus on applications that we believe have the greatest near term potential for the customer based on various different factors such as energy load demand, available fuels, economic payback and for some, government incentives. We also target smaller sub segments that fall within these vertical markets that may not otherwise be considered for on-site generation.

Energy Efficiency—CHP/CCHP

Energy efficiency refers to the proper utilization of both electrical and thermal energies in the power production process. In such applications, our microturbines are able to maximize the availability of usable energy which we believe provides a significant economic advantage to our customers while reducing their onsite emissions. CHP and CCHP can improve site economics by capturing the waste heat created from a single combustion process to increase the efficiency of the total system, from approximately 30 percent to 80 percent or more. Compared with more traditional, independent

generation sources, the increase in operational efficiency also reduces greenhouse gas emissions through the displacement of other separate systems, which can also reduce operating costs.

When compared to onsite boilers, microturbines generally produce fewer commonly found air pollutants (“criteria pollutants”), such as nitrogen oxides (“NOx”), carbon monoxide (“CO”) and volatile organic compounds (“VOCs”). In fact, our CHP or CCHP system can displace local boiler emissions altogether. A high efficiency CHP or CCHP system can allow for reduced net utility costs for end users as well as improved fuel consumption. The most common uses for captured thermal energy include space heating and air conditioning, water heating and water chilling, direct-drying and steam for industrial applications. In CCHP applications, the microturbine exhaust drives an absorption chiller, which produces the chilled water necessary for air conditioning and local use. Organizations of all sizes have used the heat generated by our microturbines at the many different types of commercial and industrial applications they serve, including hotels and resorts, hospitals and medical centers, as well as office buildings and large retail facilities.

We offer fully integrated microturbine-powered CHP and CCHP solutions for installation in one of three modes: stand-alone, back-up and dual-mode. Each dual-mode microturbine can operate as a microgrid with the ability to run with or independent of a traditional grid or utility. The use of microgrids to serve local loads helps to reduce energy losses in transmission and distribution, further increasing the efficiency of the microgrid. Our microturbines have the ability to meet the needs of microgrid end-users by lowering their overall cost to operate and by providing a versatile technology that is fuel flexible and scalable enough to fit a wide variety of applications.

Renewable Energy

There is a growing transition to renewable energy sources and technologies on a global scale. Our microturbines run efficiently on renewable fuels such as methane and other biogases from landfills, wastewater treatment facilities and other small biogas applications like food processing plants, livestock farms and agricultural waste operations. Microturbines can burn these renewable fuels with minimal emissions, thereby, and in some cases, avoiding the imposition of penalties incurred for pollution while simultaneously producing electricity from this “free” fuel source for use at the site or in the surrounding areas. Our microturbines have demonstrated effectiveness in these smaller applications and may outperform conventional combustion engines in some situations, including when the gas contains a high amount of sulfur.

We introduced our C65 and C200 stand-alone digester products to the renewable energy market segment in 2007 and 2013, respectively. With these products, we are able to target many different types of renewable energy applications, including biogas producing facilities in third world countries and in remote locations that offer a valuable fuel source for the generation of electricity. The performance of our C65 digester gas system has been routinely evaluated to ensure that the combustion system is stable from 0 to 100 percent power output. Minor controls changes have been implemented to increase stability at low power levels. The ability to convert this low British Thermal Unit (“BTU”) fuel to electricity along with the high reliability and low maintenance features of this product make it well suited for this market.

Natural Resources—Crude Oil, Natural Gas, Shale Gas & Mining

Our microturbines are installed in the natural resource market for use in both onshore and offshore applications, including oil and gas exploration, production, and at compression and transmission sites as a highly efficient and reliable source of power. In some cases, these oil and gas or mining operations have no electric utility grid and rely solely on power generated onsite. There are numerous locations, on a global scale, where the drilling, production, compression and transportation of natural resources and other extraction and production processes create fuel byproducts, which are traditionally burned or released into the atmosphere. Our microturbines can turn these fuel byproducts, flare gas or associated gas, into a useable fuel to provide power to these sites.

Major oil and gas companies are exploring large shale reserves, or plays, in the United States. In 2010, we sold our first microturbines into the U.S. shale gas market at locations in the Eagle Ford and Marcellus shale plays. The addressable market for our microturbines in this industry is significant. The shale gas market for microturbines may grow as demand for natural gas continues to rise and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (“EPA”), the

Department of the Interior and other federal and state agencies work to reduce the emission of hazardous air pollutants associated with natural gas development. We have participated in several Natural Gas STAR workshops in the United States and foreign markets to demonstrate the emissions reductions its technology can provide.

The C30, C65 and C200 microturbines can be configured to meet Class 1 Zone 2 hazardous location requirements for the natural resources market. Hazardous location requirements are met through package ventilation changes for purging and pressurizing package air to avoid potential flammable mixtures as well as controls for emergency disconnect of fuel and electrical sources. The package is upgraded to stainless steel construction to withstand the often corrosive offshore environments where these units are installed. Oil and gas customers often prefer power generation systems that offer low maintenance and high reliability in order to ensure continued production.

Critical Power Supply

Because of the potentially catastrophic consequences of system failure, momentary or otherwise, certain high demand power users, including high technology, health care and information systems facilities require higher levels of reliability in their power generation service. To meet these customer requirements, traditional solutions utilize Uninterruptible Power Supplies (“UPS”) to protect critical loads from power disturbances along with back-up diesel generators for extended outages. We offer an alternative solution that can both meet customer reliability requirements and reduce operating costs.

We have developed the world’s only microturbine-powered UPS solutions that offer clean, IT grade power and can completely displace the need for traditional UPS and back-up diesel generators. We offer two UL listed microturbine powered UPS solutions: our UPSource microturbine powered solution, which provides a source for prime or emergency power; as well as our Hybrid UPS microturbine-powered solution, which provides power when dispatched in high efficiency, standard UPS and emergency power. Both critical power supply products offer eight nines of availability in an n+1 configuration when the product has at least one independent back-up source. This measurement of availability is used in the data center industry to refer to 99.999999% of reliability. These integrated solutions are ideal for new facility construction or expansion and can be installed with absorption chillers or other heat recovery systems to obtain high efficiency levels while reducing operating costs, compared with traditional solutions.

Dual-mode units operating in a prime power configuration can support a 150 percent overload for up to 10 seconds during transient conditions. Dual-mode units operating in grid parallel mode can provide customers a back-up power system with an economic return. These systems offer high on-site energy efficiency when combined with a heat exchanger (CHP) to create hot water, or with a chiller (CCHP) for air conditioning at these facilities. This configuration, when combined with our Dual Mode Controller, can transition from the grid parallel mode to prime power mode in less than 10 seconds. Our microturbines can also be installed along with a rotary UPS to provide a complete line interactive continuous power solution. In this case, the microturbines remain in grid connect mode while the rotary UPS stabilizes the utility voltage and provides a seamless transfer from operation connected to the grid to operation isolated from the grid.

Transportation

Our technology also can be used in hybrid electric vehicle (“HEV”) applications. Our customers have applied our products in HEV applications such as transit buses and Class 7 and 8 work trucks. In these applications, the microturbine acts as an onboard battery charger to recharge the battery system as needed. The benefits of microturbine-powered HEV hybrids include extended range, fuel economy gains, quieter operation and reduced emissions when compared with traditional internal combustion engines. Internal combustion diesel engine manufacturers have been challenged for the last several years to develop technology improvements, prior to aftertreatment that reduce emissions to levels specified by the EPA and CARB 2007 and 2010 standards. Many manufacturers are incorporating aftertreatment that increases upfront equipment costs, vehicle weight and life cycle costs, which and may reduce overall engine efficiency.

Marine

Our technology can also be used in marine applications. Our customers have applied our products in the commercial vessel and luxury yacht market segments. The most feasible application for our marine products is for use as a ship auxiliary generator set. In this application, the microturbines provide power to the vessel’s electrical loads and, in some cases, the vessel is able to utilize the exhaust energy to increase the overall efficiency of the application, reducing overall fuel consumption and emissions. Another feasible application is similar to our HEV application where the vessel is driven by an electric propulsion system and the microturbine serves as an on board battery charger and range extender. Our marine customers use both liquid fueled and natural gas microturbine products. Liquefied natural gas (“LNG”) is in its early stages as a marine fuel, and the number of vessels powered by LNG is forecasted to double every two years over the next decade. Vessel owners can receive the same benefits as users of stationary products: low emissions with no exhaust aftertreatment, long maintenance intervals, high reliability, low noise and no vibration.

Sales and Marketing

We primarily sell and market our microturbine product, parts and service through our global network of authorized distributors and OEMs. Our worldwide distribution network was developed from the ground up and has become a valuable asset because we can reach end use customers globally. Each of our distributors is a strategically placed independent partner marketing and selling our products and services on our behalf. Through our global distribution network, we offer a comprehensive FPP for a fixed annual fee to perform regularly scheduled and unscheduled maintenance as needed. We provide factory and onsite training to certify all personnel that perform service on our microturbines. Individuals who are certified are called Authorized Service Providers, and must be employed by a distributor in order to perform work pursuant to a FPP. The majority of our distributors provide these services. To assure proper installation of our microturbine systems, we offer an installer training and certification program. We offer to assist all customers by reviewing their installation designs in relation to the technical requirements for proper operation of our products, such as electrical interconnections, load requirements, fuel type and pressure, cooling air flow and turbine exhaust routing. As part of the microturbine commissioning process, we also receive a checklist to confirm that the final installation adheres to our technical requirements before we accept any warranty obligations. Our typical terms of sale include shipment of the products with title, care, custody and control transferring at our dock, payment terms ranging from full payment in advance of shipment to payment in 90 days, and warranty periods of approximately 15 to 24 months from shipment depending on the product type. We typically do not have customer acceptance provisions in our agreements.

During Fiscal 2016, we launched Capstone Energy Finance, a joint venture that provides financing options for the purchase of our microturbines. Capstone Energy Finance provides end users with the ability to purchase electricity generated by our microturbine at their facility with no upfront capital investment and expand access to clean and reliable onsite energy. A power purchase agreement from Capstone Energy Finance enables organizations to reduce operating expenses by allowing them to buy electricity at a rate that is lower than what they currently pay today. Customers can purchase all or a portion of their energy from Capstone Energy Finance and eliminate exposure to volatile utility rates by locking in a fixed rate for a period of ten to twenty years. Capstone Energy Finance monitors and maintains the system for the entire term of the agreement, and customers pay only for the energy they use. We believe financing solutions offered by Capstone Energy Finance will help reverse recent trends in our sales to the oil and gas industry by allowing new and existing end users who have been impacted by low oil prices to install systems which will immediately improve their bottom line without requiring capital investment in new equipment. We are developing access to a streamlined financing solution can also be expected in the future to improve the pace of growth in the CHP market.

United States and Canada

We have distribution agreements with a number of companies throughout North America for the resale of our products. Many of these distributors serve multiple markets in their select geographic regions. The primary markets served in this region have been energy efficiency, renewable energy, natural resources, critical power and mobile products. The energy efficiency and natural resources vertical markets are expected to grow as a result of an increased domestic production of hydrocarbons, the low downstream price of natural gas, as well as public and regulatory acceptance of distributed generation.

In developing our sales opportunities we have identified the need to address various requirements present in our target localities. These requirements include electric grid interconnection standards, gas utility connection requirements, emissions standards, building and fire safety codes and various inspections and approvals. The costs and scheduling ramifications of these various approvals, in conjunction with normal bidding process requirements and construction delays, can be significant to the completion of an installation. Our goal is to work with the applicable regulating entities to establish compliant standards for the installation of our microturbines so that the costs and installation timelines are minimized for our customers.

Latin America

Our target markets in Latin America are energy efficiency, renewable energy and natural resources. Oil and gas production projects continue to be a growing market in Latin America.

Energy reform in Mexico, for example, has opened new market opportunities for us by allowing competition among multiple players and enabling power generation companies to sell directly to consumers instead of only to the state‑owned Federal Electricity Commission. Our strategy is to leverage our distribution network in Mexico across various market verticals.

South America constitutes a diverse group of markets that vary greatly in potential capture for us based on a number of factors, including availability of oil and gas production and transmission, energy pricing and political and investment climate. While we have distributors in nearly all South American countries, our management is focused on what we consider to be the top geographical markets, such as Colombia, Brazil, Chile and Ecuador.

Asia and Australia

Our target markets in Asia and Australia are energy efficiency, renewable energy and natural resources. Our historical sales in Southeast Asia and Australia have primarily been in the energy efficiency and the oil and gas markets. Other areas in Asia and the Pacific Rim offer attractive opportunities as well. China is expected to see growth in the oil and gas market, while biogas recovery is showing signs of growth in Southeast Asia.

Middle East and Africa

Our target market in the Middle East and Africa is primarily oil and gas. This includes flare gas to power projects which are a particularly attractive market opportunity given the volume of gas being flared and the acute and chronic need for stable power in the region. Our management has targeted distributors and customers involved in the capture and use of flare gas in the oil and gas market. However, the geopolitical environment in this region is still volatile, which can have an impact on our sales.

Europe and Russia

To address the European market, including Russia, we are strengthening our relationships with existing and new distributors and have increased local sales and service support. We have an office in Europe for the purpose of working with our local distributors on a daily basis to identify and understand growth opportunities. We have established a spare parts distribution center in Europe to make new and remanufactured parts readily available to our distributors. Europe has a history of extensive use of distributed generation technologies. Further, the continuation or escalation of the current geopolitical instability in Russia and Ukraine could continue to negatively impact our operations, sales, and future growth prospects in that region. For more information, see “Risk Factors” beginning on Page 15 of this Form 10‑K.

Revenue

For geographic and segment revenue information, please see Note 2—Summary of Significant Accounting Policies—Segment Reporting in the “Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.”

Customers

Sales to E‑Finity Distributed Generation, LLC (“E‑Finity), one of our domestic distributors, accounted for 14% and 11% of our revenue for the years ended March 31, 2017 and 2016. Sales to Horizon Power Systems (“Horizon”), one of our domestic distributors, accounted for 11% and 15% of our revenue for the years ended March 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively. Sales to DTC Soluciones Inmobiliarias S.A. de C.V. (“DTC”), one of our Mexican distributors, accounted for 10% of our revenue for the year ended March 31, 2016. Sales to Optimal Group Australia Pty Ltd (“Optimal”), one of our Australian distributors, accounted for 10% of our revenue for the year ended March 31, 2016. Additionally, E-Finity, DTC and Reliable Secure Power Systems (“RSP”), one of our domestic distributors, accounted for 29%, 12% and 10%, respectively, of net accounts receivable as of March 31, 2017. DTC, Optimal, RSP, and Regale Energy Zrt, our Hungarian distributor (“Regale”), accounted for 28%, 11%, 10% and 10%, respectively, of net accounts receivable as of March 31, 2016.

We recorded bad debt recovery of approximately $1.5 million during each of Fiscal 2017 and 2016. During Fiscal 2015, we recorded approximately $7.1 million and $2.6 million with respect to the accounts receivable allowances from BPC Engineering (“BPC”), one of our Russian distributors and Electro Mecanique Industries (“EMI”), one of our distributors in the Middle East and Africa, respectively.

Competition

The market for our products is highly competitive. Our microturbines compete with existing technologies such as reciprocating engines and compete with emerging distributed generation technologies, including solar-powered systems, wind‑powered systems, fuel cells and other microturbines. Many potential customers rely on the utility grid for their electrical power. Many of our distributed generation competitors are large, well‑established companies that derive competitive advantages from production economies of scale, worldwide presence, brand recognition and greater resources which they can devote to product development or promotion.

Often power purchased from the electric utility grid can be less costly than power produced by distributed generation technologies. Utilities may also charge fees to interconnect to their power grids. However, we can provide economic benefits to end users in instances where the waste heat from our microturbine has value (CHP and CCHP), where fuel costs are low (renewable energy/renewable fuels), where the costs of connecting to the grid may be high or impractical (such as remote power applications), where reliability and power quality are of critical importance, or in situations where peak shaving could be economically advantageous because of highly variable electricity prices. Because our microturbines can provide a reliable source of power and can operate on multiple fuel sources, our management believes we offer a level of flexibility not currently offered by other technologies such as reciprocating engines.

Our reciprocating engine competitors have products and markets that are well developed and technologies that have been proven for some time. A reciprocating engine, also known as an internal combustion engine, is similar to those used in automotive applications. Reciprocating engines are popular for primary and back-up power applications despite higher levels of emissions, noise and maintenance. These technologies, which in many cases have a lower up front cost than microturbines, are currently produced by, Caterpillar Inc., Cummins Inc. (which recently entered into a joint venture with Eaton), GE Gas Engines (which now includes Waukesha and Jenbacher), MAN SE, and Tecogen, Inc. (which now includes American DG Energy Inc.), among others.

Our microturbines may also compete with other distributed generation technologies, including solar-powered systems, wind-powered systems, fuel cells and fly wheel. Solar and wind powered systems produce no emissions. The main drawbacks to solar and wind powered systems are their dependence on weather conditions, the utility grid and high capital costs that can often make these systems uneconomical without government subsidies depending upon geographic locale and application of the technology. Although the market for fuel cells is still developing, a number of companies are focused on markets similar to ours, including Active Power Inc. (a division of Piller Power Systems Inc.), Ballard Power Systems Inc., Bloom Energy Corporation, FuelCell Energy Inc., LG Fuel Cell Systems, a business unit of LG Electronics, and Plug Power Inc. Fuel cells have lower levels of NOx, CO, VOCs and other criteria pollutant emissions than our microturbines. Fuel cells, like solar and wind powered systems, historically have received higher levels of

incentives for the same type of applications as microturbines. Management believes that, absent these higher government incentives, microturbines provide a better value to end users in most applications.

We also compete with other companies who have microturbine products, including FlexEnergy and Turbec S.p.A.

Overall, we compete with end users’ other options for electrical power and heat generation on the basis of our microturbine’s ability to:

Governmental and Regulatory Impact

Our markets can be positively or negatively impacted by the effects of governmental and regulatory matters. We are affected not only by energy policy, laws, regulations and incentives of governments in the markets in which we sell, but also by rules, regulations and costs imposed by utilities. Utility companies or governmental entities may place barriers on the installation or interconnection of our product with the electric grid. Further, utility companies may charge additional fees to customers who install on‑site power generation; thereby reducing the electricity they take from the utility, or for having the capacity to use power from the grid for back‑up or standby purposes. These types of restrictions, fees or charges could hamper the ability to install or effectively use our product, or increase the cost to our potential customers for using our systems. This could make our systems less economical, thereby adversely affecting our revenue and profitability. In addition, utility rate reductions can make our products less competitive which would have a material adverse effect on our operations. These costs, incentives and rules are not always the same as those faced by technologies with which we compete. However, rules, regulations, laws and incentives could also provide an advantage to our distributed generation solutions as compared with competing technologies if we are able to achieve required compliance in a lower cost, more efficient manner. Additionally, reduced emissions and higher fuel efficiency could help our customers combat the effects of climate change. Accordingly, we may benefit from increased government regulations that impose tighter emission and fuel efficiency standards.

We continue to engage with federal and state policymakers to develop government programs to promote the deployment of our low emission and energy efficient products. Government funding can impact the rate of development of new technologies or improvements to existing technologies. Competing new technologies have historically received larger incentives and development funding than do microturbines. The U.S. Department of Energy (“DOE”) has encouraged collaboration by U.S. small businesses with national lab researchers through the Small Business Vouchers pilot program. We are one of 114 American small businesses participating in this program, which provides assistance in identifying national lab research and development activities that align with our interests.

The Federal Investment Tax Credit (“ITC”) for certain clean energy technologies, including CHP, microturbines and fuel cells among others, expired at the end of calendar year 2016. As a result, we may see an impact on our sales in the United States due to the loss of this 10% tax credit. However, other CHP and gas-fired distributed

energy technology-providers will face the same financial hurdle and the loss of the ITC would level the playing field with fuel cell technologies, which had received a 30% ITC.

U.S. Government export promotion activities help support exports of American products to foreign markets. We participate in one of the U.S. Department of Commerce export promotion activities, Single Company Promotions, which helps us enter new markets by facilitating interactions with foreign buyers and distributors.

Sourcing and Manufacturing

We are focused on continuously improving our supply chain effectiveness, strengthening our manufacturing processes and increasing operational efficiencies within our organization. Our manufacturing designs include the use of conventional technology, which has been proven in high volume automotive and turbocharger production for many years. Many components used in the manufacture of our products are readily fabricated from commonly available raw materials or off the shelf items available from multiple supply sources; however, certain items are custom made to meet our specifications that require longer lead time. We believe that in most cases, adequate capacity exists at our suppliers and that alternative sources of supply are available or could be developed within a reasonable period of time. We have an ongoing program to develop alternative back up suppliers for sole source parts wherever possible. We regularly reassess the adequacy and abilities of our suppliers to meet our future needs. We continue to evaluate and implement new systems designed to provide improved quality, reliability, service, greater efficiency and lower supply chain costs. We have substantially increased our focus on process controls and validations, supplier controls, distribution controls and providing our operations teams with the training and tools necessary to drive continuous improvement in product quality. In addition, we remain focused on examining our operations and general business activities to identify cost improvement opportunities in order to enhance our operational effectiveness and use lean manufacturing processes. Our ability to leverage these capabilities may be affected by the current variability in our demand volumes and forecasting. Our demand volumes and forecasting could continue to be negatively impacted by the volatility of the global oil and gas markets, a strong U.S. dollar (making our products more expensive overseas) and ongoing geopolitical tensions in Russia, North Africa and the Middle East. Our strategy is to identify primary and secondary sources for critical components when available to minimize production line down time due to unavailability of such parts, which could affect our ability to meet manufacturing schedules on build or a linear basis.

Solar Turbines Incorporated (“Solar”), a wholly owned subsidiary of Caterpillar Inc., was our sole supplier of recuperator cores prior to 2001. In 2000, we exercised an option to license Solar’s technology, which allows us to manufacture these cores ourselves and we began manufacturing them in June 2001. We are required to pay a per unit royalty fee over a seventeen-year period for cores manufactured and sold by us using the technology. Royalties of approximately $32,100 and $35,000 were earned by Solar for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively.

In 2007, we entered into a Development and License Agreement (“Development Agreement”) with Carrier Corporation (“Carrier”) regarding the payment of royalties on the sale of each of our C200 microturbines. Carrier earned $0.9 million and $1.2 million in royalties for C200 and C1000 Series system sales during the year ended March 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively, which will continue until the obsolescence of the C200 microturbine product line.

We have a combined total of approximately 102,000 square foot manufacturing footprint running on a single shift in the San Fernando Valley area of Southern California. We assemble and test units our C30 and C65 microturbines at our facility in Chatsworth, California. Additionally, we assemble and test our C200 and C1000 Series products and manufacture recuperator cores at our facility in Van Nuys, California. We are in the process of consolidating our manufacturing processes into our Van Nuys location. We believe that once this is complete we will have a production capacity of approximately 2,000 units per year, depending on product mix. We believe we will be able to support this production capacity level by adding additional shifts which would increase working capital requirements and making some additional capital expenditures. Additionally, once the consolidation is complete we will be looking to sublet all or a portion of our facility in Chatsworth.

Research and Development (“R&D”)

We have historically devoted substantial resources to the development of new products and the improvement of existing products. More recently, due to our cost reduction efforts, our focus is on expanding the existing products, including the launch of our C1000 Signature Series microturbine in December 2015. We focus our engineering efforts on coordinating our product design and manufacturing processes to bring our products to market in a cost-effective and timely manner. For the fiscal years ended March 31, 2017 and 2016, R&D expenses were $5.4 million and $10.2 million, respectively, which amounts are equivalent to 7% and 12% of total revenue, respectively, for these fiscal years. R&D expenses are reported net of benefits from cost‑sharing programs, such as DOE grants. There were no benefits from cost-sharing programs for Fiscal 2017. Benefits from cost‑sharing programs were $0.2 million for Fiscal 2016. Our R&D activities enabled us to become one of the first companies to develop a commercially available microturbine that operates in parallel with the grid. We were the first company to successfully demonstrate a commercially available microturbine that operates on a stand‑alone basis.

During Fiscal 2017, we continued to make progress with our product development roadmap despite a 47% reduction in our R&D expenses compared to Fiscal 2016. Our product development activities during Fiscal 2017 included new-patented fuel injector and certification of our C65 microturbine to applicable European Union medium voltage grid interconnection standards. In addition, we continued our development in our C200S ICHP microturbine and overall cost reduction for our new Signature Series.

We developed a new-patented multi-staged lean pre-vaporizing, pre-mixing fuel injector providing ultra-low emissions that meet EPA Tier 4 requirements for power generation. Under this new program, exhaust emissions from these engines will be required to decrease by more than 90%.

Our C65, C200 and C1000 Series microturbines became Verband der Elektrotechnik (“VDE”) and Bundesverband der Energie - und Wasserwirtschaft (“BDEW”) and Comitato Electtrotecnico Italiano (“CEI”) certified during Fiscal 2017. These new standards were attained following the development and implementation of new microturbine system software architecture.

The C200S microturbine incorporates numerous system and design upgrades intended to improve overall product quality, reliability, and performance. Our new C200S ICHP product further supports our effort to diversify our business into the CHP and CCHP energy efficiency markets, and the new roof mounted integrated CHP heat recovery modules designed specifically for our new Signature Series product we aim to add additional revenue opportunities.

We developed new partnerships with the DOE in Fiscal 2017, whereby, the DOE will provide funding in the amount of $335,000 for one year to Argonne National Laboratory to conduct hydrogen and synthetic fuel or syngas testing on our C65 and C200 microturbines. The new fuel injection technology could enable our microturbines to run on an expanded range of fuels that are not currently widely used, but have the potential to be a source of power generation with widely varying compositions, such as gasified industrial waste streams. In addition, we continued progress on our flexible fuels program, with recent successful testing on butane.

We partnered with FGC Plasma Solutions to test a new plasma-assisted fuel injection technology in our C65 microturbine. We work together to develop a new combustion concept for improved turbine efficiency and emissions performance. The technology will enable more optimum operation of the engine as well as benefits from lower emissions, increased fuel flexibility and improved reliability. Testing will be held at Argonne National Laboratory.

During Fiscal 2016, we unveiled our C1000 Signature (“C1000S’) microturbine as part of our new C1000S microturbine energy systems which also includes an 800kW (“C800S”) or 600kW (“C600S”) microturbine. The C1000S microturbine incorporates over 70 components, system and design upgrades intended to improve the overall product quality and enhance the microturbine ownership experience in all applications but specifically for CHP and CCHP applications. A few of the key upgrades include integrated heat recovery for CHP and CCHP applications, two-stage air filtration system, improved enclosure, relocated engine exhaust stack and redesigned discharge for enclosure cooling air. The C1000S is one of the worlds most integrated and compact 1MW CHP solutions. The 8-foot wide by 30-foot long

1MW power plant reaches approximately 82% total system efficiency and is significantly quieter than the original C1000 for installation in low-noise urban environments.

In addition, we continue to work both cost reduction and performance enhancement activities to improve the value of our microturbine products for our customer base. Cost reduction activities are focused on leveraging the capabilities of our supply base and internal design lean manufacturing improvements. Product enhancements are focused on reducing the already very low maintenance requirements for our products, while at the same time improving operational efficiency, thereby reducing our customers’ total cost of ownership.

Because of our single moving assembly, manufacturers believe there is also the opportunity to produce a lower cost product in larger automotive volumes. Our focus is on a next generation product that would include existing components and a liquid‑cooled set of electronics that are consistent with the size, cost and cooling strategies employed on vehicles today. Although we believe the hybrid electric bus and truck market has the potential to be a beneficial option for the bus and truck manufacturers, we temporarily suspended our development efforts with respect to C30 microturbines targeted at this market in response to our lower revenue. Management intends to continue with the next phase of development after we achieve profitability.

We are working with the Kenworth Truck Company to demonstrate a Class 7 series hybrid delivery truck with funding support from the South Coast Air Quality Management District and the San Joaquin Valley Air Pollution Control District. This truck will be operated on actual customer delivery routes in both air districts to quantify the performance, emissions, fuel economy, and other benefits of a microturbine‑based hybrid solution. The Kenworth Class 7 hybrid truck is retrofitted with a refrigerated box body and should be ready for track testing at Kenworth facilities in the second half of 2017. The truck will then be used in a demonstration phase to a large commercial customer within the San Joaquin Valley in California. We expect to collect and utilize information from the Kenworth Class 7 hybrid truck’s road testing and demonstration processes for future product developments and enhancements. A prototype or concept vehicle may take several years to go into commercial production following completion of rigorous testing.

Our liquid fuel microturbines have demonstrated emissions levels which meet the CARB 2010 standards for Heavy Duty Diesel Engines (“HDDE”). The liquid fuel microturbine is able to meet these extremely low emissions requirements using its lean premix combustion technology with no exhaust aftertreatment. Competitive reciprocating engine technologies require aftertreatment components that increase system cost, require frequent maintenance, and impact engine efficiency. Our compressed natural gas (“CNG”) fueled microturbines also meet extremely low emission standards, including the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and CARB 2010 emissions requirements for On‑Road HDDE for Urban Bus. Test emissions from our natural gas microturbines measured dramatically less than the emissions levels set forth by the CARB standard including NOx at 75% and CO at 96% less than the required levels.

Our marine products may be used to provide hybrid electric marine propulsion, “hotel power,” CHP, or CCHP. They may be ideal for small and mid-size commercial ships that travel inland waterways and emissions controlled areas (“ECAs”). Although we believe the marine sector has the potential to be a beneficial option for the vessel owners, we temporarily suspended our development efforts with respect to C30 microturbines targeted at this market in response to our lower revenue. We currently intend to continue with the next phase of development after we achieve profitability.

Our C65 Hybrid UPS product line has been evolving over the years. After having received the 2011 NOVA Award from the Construction Innovation Forum for the C65 Hybrid UPS Microturbine at Syracuse University’s data center—labeled one of the greenest data centers in the world, our C65 Hybrid UPS system has continued development and has recent installations at Sempra in Monterey Park, California and our own data center in Chatsworth, California. The product utilizes our inverter electronics and controls technology to provide continuous power quality to meet the customer’s critical load. The load inverter is connected through a central power bus to provide power from one of three available power sources including the utility grid, battery storage system, or microturbine generator. Power to the critical load is synchronized to an available utility grid to allow direct bypass of the critical load to the utility grid. This redundant functionality is provided in a single integrated package that can be scaled to a larger seamless power unit through our multipack feature. These units can also be combined with a heat recovery module or an absorption chiller to provide higher total output efficiency. Unlike current UPS products combined with reciprocating engines for backup, our

low emissions Hybrid UPS product allows for continuous operation year-round allowing customers the ability to receive a payback on their capital equipment investment. Although we believe the industrial UPS market has the potential to be a beneficial option for businesses that require constant supply of reliable energy, we temporarily suspended our development efforts with respect to C65 microturbines targeted at this market in response to our lower revenue. We currently intend to continue with the next phase of development after we achieve profitability.

We are working with the DOE on two next generation technology roadmap programs, including a High Efficiency Microturbine with integrated heat recovery and advanced Alumina Forming Austenitic (“AFA”) stainless steel material program in partnership with Oak Ridge National Laboratory (“ORNL”). The High Efficiency Microturbine with integrated heat recovery is focused on improving microturbine electrical efficiency and overall system efficiency utilizing heat recovery. In March 2013, we successfully completed proof‑of‑concept testing of the low pressure spool also known as the C250 that produced >270 kW as part of the first phase of development. This allowed us to proceed with high pressure spool development which was completed during Fiscal 2016. We also demonstrated an increased capability of the power electronics and electrical system required to support this higher power generator. We intend to continue with the next phase of development and commercialization after we achieve profitability. The next phase will be to continue development of the C250 product architecture as well as the associated power electronics and software controls required for successful commercialization. The final phase of the program will incorporate further engine efficiency improvements, resulting in a product design with a projected electrical efficiency of 42% and targeted power output of 370 kW. Improvements in efficiency are key to all markets as improved fuel efficiency benefits end users through lower operating costs. AFA stainless steel is a material that offers superior oxidation and creep resistance to commercial heat‑resistant steel alloys used in our microturbines at a significantly reduced cost. In Fiscal 2015, we successfully completed the first of two long term endurance tests and have engaged industry partners on commercialization viability.

Protecting our Intellectual Property Rights and Patents

We rely on a combination of patent, trade secret, copyright, “know how”, and trademark laws and nondisclosure agreements to establish and protect our intellectual property rights in our products. In this regard, we have obtained 98 U.S. and 27 international patents (in certain cases covering the same technology in multiple jurisdictions). The patents we have obtained will expire between 2017 and 2035. We actively evaluate our patent portfolio and pursue new patent applications as we develop new technological innovations, as needed.

We believe that a policy of protecting intellectual property is one component of our strategy of being the leader in microturbine system technology and will provide us with a long term competitive advantage. In addition, we implement security procedures at our plants and facilities and have confidentiality agreements with our suppliers, distributors, employees and certain visitors to our facilities.

Organization and Employees

We were organized in 1988 in the State of California, our company was reincorporated as Capstone Turbine Corporation on June 22, 2000 in the State of Delaware.

As of March 31, 2017, we had 168 full-time employees. No employees are covered by collective bargaining arrangements. We consider relations with our employees to be moderate to good after the Fiscal 2017 reductions in force.

Available Information

This Form 10‑K, as well as our quarterly reports on Form 10‑Q, current reports on Form 8‑K and amendments to those reports filed or furnished pursuant to section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”) are made available free of charge on our Internet website (http://www.capstoneturbine.com) as soon as reasonably practicable after such materials are electronically filed with or furnished to the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”).

Item 1A.  Risk Factors.

This document contains certain forward‑looking statements (as such term is defined in Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”) and Section 21E of the Exchange Act) pertaining to, among other things,

These statements are based largely on our current expectations, estimates and forecasts and are subject to a number of risks and uncertainties. Actual results could differ materially from those anticipated by these forward‑looking statements. Factors that can cause actual results to differ materially include, but are not limited to, those discussed below. Readers are cautioned not to place undue reliance on these forward‑looking statements, which speak only as of the date hereof. The following factors should be considered in addition to the other information contained herein in evaluating us and our business. We assume no obligation to update any of the forward‑looking statements after the filing of this Form 10-K to conform such statements to actual results or to changes in our expectations, except as may be required by law.

The following are risk factors that could affect our business, financial condition, results of operations, and cash flows. These risk factors should be considered in connection with evaluating the forward‑looking statements contained in this Form 10-K because these factors could cause actual results and conditions to differ materially from those projected in forward‑looking statements. Before you invest in our publicly traded securities, you should know that making such an investment involves some risks, including the risks described below. Additional risks of which we may

not be aware or that we currently believe are immaterial may also impair our business operations or our stock price. If any of the risks actually occur, our business, financial condition, results of operations or cash flow could be negatively affected. In that case, the trading price of our common stock could decline, and you may lose all or part of your investment. In assessing these risks, investors should also refer to the other information contained or incorporated by reference in this Form 10-K, our quarterly reports on Form 10‑Q and other documents filed by us from time to time.

Our operating history is characterized by net losses. We anticipate further losses and we may never become profitable.

Since inception, we have incurred annual operating losses. We expect this trend to continue until such time that we can sell a sufficient number of units and achieve a cost structure to become profitable. Our business is such that we have relatively few repeat end use customers and limited repeat business compared to our competitors. As a result, we may not maintain or increase revenue. We may not have adequate cash resources to reach the point of profitability, and we may never become profitable. Even if we do achieve profitability, we may be unable to increase our sales and sustain or increase our profitability in the future.

We may be unable to fund our future operating requirements, which could force us to curtail our operations.

To the extent that the funds we now have on hand are insufficient to fund our future operating requirements, we would need to raise additional funds, through further public or private equity or debt financings depending upon prevailing market conditions. These financings may not be available or, if available, may be on terms that are not favorable to us and could result in dilution to our stockholders and reduction of the trading price of our stock. The state of capital markets when we seek to raise additional capital could also impede our ability to raise additional capital on favorable terms or at all. If adequate capital were not available to us, we likely would be required to significantly curtail our operations or possibly even cease our operations.

On June 2, 2017, we entered into two secured credit facilities (the “Bridge Bank Credit Agreements”) with Western Alliance Bank through its Bridge Bank division (“Bridge Bank”), with credit support provided by the Export-Import Bank of the United States through its working capital guarantee program.  Under the terms of the Bridge Bank Credit Agreements, we may borrow up to $12.0 million on a revolving basis depending on, among other factors, the amount of our eligible inventory and accounts receivable. The Bridge Bank Credit Agreements are for a two-year period ending June 2, 2019.

Total borrowings, letter of credit obligations and the then aggregate committed amount of cash management services under the Bridge Bank Credit Agreements may not exceed 85% of the sum of unrestricted cash and the amount of cash collateral held at Bridge Bank. As a condition of the Bridge Bank Credit Agreements, we have restricted $5.0 million of cash equivalents as additional security for the credit facility. Borrowings under the Bridge Bank Credit Agreements will bear per annum interest at the prime rate plus 1.5 percent, subject to increase during the occurrence of an event of default. Obligations under the Bridge Bank Credit Agreements are secured by all of our assets, including intellectual property and general intangibles.

The Bridge Bank Credit Agreements include affirmative covenants as well as negative covenants that prohibit a variety of actions without Bridge Bank’s consent, including covenants that limit our ability to (a) incur or guarantee debt, (b) create liens, (c) enter into any merger, recapitalization or similar transaction or purchase all or substantially all of the assets or stock of another entity, or (d) sell, assign, transfer or otherwise dispose of our assets. 

The financial covenants  of the domestic credit agreement with Bridge Bank (the “Domestic Facility”) requires us not to exceed specified levels of losses relative to our financial model and the outstanding line of credit advances may not exceed 85% of  the sum of unrestricted cash and the amount of cash collateral held at Bridge Bank. The Domestic Facility also defines an event of default to include a material adverse effect on our business. An event of default for this or any other reason, if not waived, could have a material adverse effect on us. Our obligations under the credit facility could have important consequences, including the following:

If we are unable to either substantially improve our operating results or obtain additional financing, we may be unable to continue to operate at current levels.

We have experienced recurring operating losses and as of March 31, 2017, we had an accumulated deficit of approximately $850.9 million. On March 31, 2017, we had cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash of $19.7 million, and working capital of $14.2 million. This compares to $827.0 million, $16.7 million and $18.1 million, respectively, on March 31, 2016. As a condition of the Bridge Bank Credit Agreements, we have restricted $5.0 million of cash equivalents as additional security for the credit facility and not available to us.

Our business strategy is focused on profitability-oriented initiatives such as reducing operating expenses, diversifying and increasing revenue, improving gross margin and utilizing our joint venture, Capstone Energy Finance to provide financing options for the purchase of Capstone microturbines. We may not be able to execute the business strategy successfully and if we are unable to generate positive cash flow, potential customers may choose not to purchase our products. Moreover, the business strategy is based upon projections, which are in turn based upon estimates and assumptions. There can be no assurance as to the accuracy of the projections, estimates and assumptions which underlie the business strategy or as to our ability to execute the business strategy successfully.

Should we be unable to execute our plans to increase sales and margins while controlling costs, we may be unable to continue to operate at our current levels on a longer-term basis. In particular, we must generate positive cash flow from operations and net income and otherwise improve our results of operations substantially on a longer-term basis. Our available cash and proceeds from future financings, if any, that we may be able to obtain, may not be sufficient to fund our operating expenses, capital expenditures and other cash requirements. Any such lack of funds would affect our ability to continue to operate at current levels. These events and circumstances could have a material adverse effect on our ability to raise additional capital and on the market value of our common stock and our ability to maintain our credit facility. Moreover, should we experience a cash shortage that requires us to curtail or cease our operations, or should we be unable to continue to operate at current levels, you could lose all or part of your investments in our securities.

Impairment charges on our long‑lived assets, including intangible assets with finite lives would adversely affect our financial position and results of operations.

We evaluate the carrying value of long‑lived assets, including intangible assets with finite lives, for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value of such assets may not be recoverable. To determine whether impairment has occurred, we compare the undiscounted cash flows of the long‑lived asset group with its carrying value. The estimation of future cash flows requires significant estimates of factors that include future sales growth, gross margin performance, including our estimates of reductions in our direct material costs, and reductions in operating expenses. If our sales growth, gross margin performance or other estimated operating results are not achieved at or above our forecasted level, or inflation exceeds our forecast, the carrying value of our asset group may prove to be unrecoverable and we may incur impairment charges in the future. In addition, significant and unanticipated changes in circumstances, such as significant adverse changes in business climate, unanticipated competition, loss of key customers or changes in technology or markets, could require a charge for impairment that can materially and adversely affect our reported net loss and our stockholders’ equity.

A sustainable market for microturbines may never develop or may take longer to develop than we anticipate which would adversely affect our results of operations.

Our products represent an emerging market, and we do not know whether our targeted customers will accept our technology or will purchase our products in sufficient quantities to allow our business to grow. To succeed, demand for our products must increase significantly in existing markets, and there must be strong demand for products that we introduce in the future. In addition, as part of our business strategy, we are focusing our marketing efforts on the oil and gas, renewable energy and combined heat and power markets. We may be unable to grow our business in these target markets. If a sustainable market fails to develop or develops more slowly than we anticipate, we may be unable to recover the losses we have incurred to develop our products, we may have further impairment of assets, and we may be unable to meet our operational expenses. The development of a sustainable market for our systems may be hindered by many factors, including some that are out of our control. Examples include:

We depend upon the development of new products and enhancements of existing products.

Our operating results depend on our ability to develop and introduce new products, enhance existing products and reduce the costs to produce our products. The success of our products is dependent on several factors, including proper product definition, product cost, timely completion and introduction of the products, differentiation of products from those of our competitors, meeting changing customer requirements, emerging industry standards and market acceptance of these products. The development of new, technologically advanced products and enhancements is a complex and uncertain process requiring high levels of innovation, as well as the accurate anticipation of technological and market trends. There can be no assurance that we will successfully identify new product opportunities, develop and bring new or enhanced products to market in a timely manner, successfully lower costs and achieve market acceptance of our products, or that products and technologies developed by others will not render our products or technologies obsolete or uncompetitive.

 

 

Our operating results are dependent, in large part, upon the successful commercialization of our products. Failure to produce our products as scheduled and budgeted would materially and adversely affect our business and financial condition.

We cannot be certain that we will deliver ordered products in a timely manner. We have limited production slots for our products. Any delays in production will increase our costs, reduce future production slots and could significantly impact our business, financial condition and operating results.

We may not be able to produce our products on a timely basis if we fail to correctly anticipate product supply requirements or if we suffer delays in production resulting from issues with our suppliers. Our suppliers may not supply us with a sufficient amount of components or components of adequate quality, or they may provide components at significantly increased prices.

Some of our components are currently available only from a single source or limited sources. We may experience delays in production if we fail to identify alternative suppliers, or if any parts supply is interrupted, each of which could materially adversely affect our business and operations. In order to reduce manufacturing lead times and ensure adequate component supply, we enter into agreements with certain suppliers that allow them to procure inventories based upon criteria defined by us. If we fail to anticipate customer demand properly, an oversupply of parts could result in excess or obsolete inventories, which could adversely affect our business. Additionally, if we fail to correctly anticipate our internal supply requirements, an undersupply of parts could limit our production capacity. Our inability to meet volume commitments with suppliers could affect the availability or pricing of our parts and components. A reduction or interruption in supply, a significant increase in price of one or more components or a decrease in demand of products could materially adversely affect our business and operations and could materially damage our customer relationships. Financial problems of suppliers on whom we rely could limit our supply of components or increase our costs. Also, we cannot guarantee that any of the parts or components that we purchase will be of adequate quality or that the prices we pay for the parts or components will not increase. Inadequate quality of products from suppliers could interrupt our ability to supply quality products to our customers in a timely manner. Additionally, defects in materials or products supplied by our suppliers that are not identified before our products are placed in service by our customers could result in higher warranty costs and damage to our reputation. We also outsource certain of our components internationally. As a result of outsourcing internationally, we may be subject to delays in delivery because of regulations associated with the import/export process, delays in transportation or regional instability.

Commodity market factors impact our costs and availability of materials.

Our products contain a number of commodity materials from metals, which include steel, special high temperature alloys, copper, nickel and molybdenum, to computer components. The availability of these commodities could impact our ability to acquire the materials necessary to meet our production requirements. The cost of metals has historically fluctuated. The pricing could impact the costs to manufacture our products. If we are not able to acquire commodity materials at prices and on terms satisfactory to us or at all, our operating results may be materially adversely affected.

Adverse economic conditions may have an impact on our business and financial condition, including some effects we may not be able to predict.

Adverse economic conditions may prevent our customers from purchasing our products or delay their purchases, which would adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations. In addition, our ability to access the capital markets may be severely restricted or made very expensive at a time when we need, or would like, to do so, which could have a material adverse impact on our liquidity and financial resources. Certain industries in which our customers do business and certain geographic areas have been and could continue to be adversely affected by adverse economic conditions. Our revenue continues to be negatively impacted by the volatility of the global oil and gas markets, a strong U.S. dollar (making our products more expensive overseas) and ongoing geopolitical tensions in Russia, North Africa and the Middle East.

Product quality expectations may not be met, causing slower market acceptance or warranty cost exposure.

In order to achieve our goal of improving the quality and lowering the total costs of ownership of our products, we may require engineering changes. Such improvement initiatives may render existing inventories obsolete or excessive. Despite our continuous quality improvement initiatives, we may not meet customer expectations. Any significant quality issues with our products could have a material adverse effect on our rate of product adoption, results of operations, financial condition and cash flow. Moreover, as we develop new configurations for our microturbines and as our customers place existing configurations in commercial use, our products may perform below expectations. Any significant performance below expectations could adversely affect our operating results, financial condition and cash flow and affect the marketability of our products.

We sell our products with warranties. There can be no assurance that the provision for estimated product warranty will be sufficient to cover our warranty expenses in the future. We cannot ensure that our efforts to reduce our risk through warranty disclaimers will effectively limit our liability. Any significant incurrence of warranty expense in excess of estimates could have a material adverse effect on our operating results, financial condition and cash flow. Further, we have at times undertaken programs to enhance the performance of units previously sold. For example, during Fiscal 2017, we recorded a one-time non-cash warranty provision of approximately $5.2 million to proactively retrofit select non-Signature Series C200 microturbines with the more robust new Signature Series generator components to improve product performance and reliability.

These enhancements have at times been provided at no cost or below our cost. If we choose to offer such programs again in the future, such actions could result in significant costs.

We operate in a highly competitive market among competitors who have significantly greater resources than we have and we may not be able to compete effectively.

We compete with several technologies, including reciprocating engines, fuel cells and solar power. Competing technologies may receive certain benefits, like governmental subsidies or promotion, or be able to offer consumer rebates or other incentives that we cannot receive or offer to the same extent. This could enhance our competitors’ abilities to fund research, penetrate markets or increase sales. We also compete with other manufacturers of microturbines.

Our competitors include several well‑known companies with histories of providing power solutions. They have substantially greater resources than we do and have established worldwide presence. Because of greater resources, some of our competitors may be able to adapt more quickly to new or emerging technologies and changes in customer requirements, to devote greater resources to the promotion and sale of their products than we can or lobby for governmental regulations and policies to create competitive advantages vis‑à‑vis our products. We believe that developing and maintaining a competitive advantage will require continued investment by us in product development and quality, as well as attention to product performance, our product prices, our conformance to industry standards, manufacturing capability and sales and marketing. In addition, current and potential competitors have established or may in the future establish collaborative relationships among themselves or with third parties, including third parties with whom we have business relationships. Accordingly, new competitors or alliances may emerge and rapidly acquire significant market share.

Overall, the market for our products is highly competitive and is changing rapidly. We believe that the primary competitive factors affecting the market for our products, including some that are outside of our control, include:

There is no assurance that we will be able to successfully compete against either current or potential competitors or that competition will not have a material adverse effect on our business, operating results, financial condition and cash flow. 

Our products involve a lengthy sales cycle, and we may not anticipate sales levels appropriately, which could impair our results of operations.

The sale of our products typically involves a significant commitment of capital by customers, which can result in the typical delays associated with large capital expenditures. For these and other reasons, the sales cycle associated with our products is typically lengthy and subject to a number of significant risks over which we have little or no control. We plan our production and inventory levels based on internal forecasts of customer demand, which is highly unpredictable and can fluctuate substantially. If sales in any period fall significantly below anticipated levels, our financial condition, results of operations and cash flow would suffer. If demand in any period increases well above anticipated levels, we may have difficulties in responding, incur greater costs to respond, or be unable to fulfill the demand in sufficient time to retain the order, which would negatively impact our operations. In addition, our operating expenses are based on anticipated sales levels, and a high percentage of our expenses are generally fixed in the short term. As a result of these factors, a small fluctuation in timing of sales can cause operating results to vary materially from period to period.

Net product orders for Fiscal 2017 were $43.8 million and contributed to an ending backlog of $113.0 million at March 31, 2017. The book-to-bill ratio was 1.1:1 for Fiscal 2017. Book-to-bill ratio is the ratio of new orders we received to units shipped and billed during a period. However, because our backlog represents only the estimated amount of future product revenue to be recognized under negotiated contracts as shipments convert backlog to recognized revenue for accounting purposes, we may not be able to fully realize the revenue value reported in our backlog, and our backlog may not be indicative of future revenues. A portion of our backlog is concentrated in the international oil and gas market which may impact the overall timing of shipments or the conversion of backlog to revenue. The timing of the backlog is based on the requirement date indicated by our customers. Based on historical experience, management expects that a significant portion of our backlog may not be shipped within the next 18 months. The timing of shipments is subject to change based on several variables (including customer deposits, payments, availability of credit and customer delivery schedule changes), most of which are not in our control and can affect the timing of our revenue. As a result, management believes the book-to-bill ratio demonstrates the current demand for our products in the given period.

During the second quarter of our fiscal year ended March 31, 2016, we removed approximately $51.6 million, for 186 units, representing 63.8 megawatts, of backlog from BPC Engineering, one of our Russian distributors. This removal aligned the backlog to our management’s expectations based on the global macroeconomic environment during our fiscal year ended March 31, 2015, such as the volatility of the global oil and gas market, a strong U.S. dollar (making our products more expensive overseas) and on-going geopolitical tensions involving Russia. In addition, we removed a portion of our TA100 backlog of approximately $2.4 million, for 17 units representing 1.7 megawatts, from Calnetix Power Solutions, Inc. during the first quarter of our fiscal year ended March 31, 2016. This removal aligned our TA100 backlog with our management’s decision to limit future production of TA100 systems.

If we do not effectively implement our sales, marketing and service plans, our sales will not grow and our results of operations will suffer.

Our sales and marketing efforts may not achieve intended results and, therefore, may not generate the revenue we anticipate. As a result of our corporate strategies, we have decided to focus our resources on selected vertical markets. We may change our focus to other markets or applications in the future. There can be no assurance that our focus or our near term plans will be successful. If we are not able to address markets for our products successfully, we may not be able to grow our business, compete effectively or achieve profitability.

Our business and financial performance depends  in part on the oil and natural gas industry, and a decline in prices for oil and natural gas may have an adverse effect on our revenue, cash flows, profitability and growth.

The significant decline in oil and natural gas prices beginning in late 2014 caused a reduction in our customers' spending and associated drilling and completion activities, which had an adverse effect on our revenue. If prices were to decline further, similar declines in our customers' spending would have an adverse effect on our revenue. In addition, a worsening of these conditions may result in a material adverse impact on certain of our customers' liquidity and financial position resulting in further spending reductions, delays in the collection of amounts owing to us and similar impacts

Our sales and results of operations could be materially and adversely impacted by risks inherent in international markets.

As we expand in international markets, customers may have difficulty or be unable to integrate our products into their existing systems or may have difficulty complying with foreign regulatory and commercial requirements. As a result, our products may require redesign. Any redesign of the product may delay sales or cause quality issues. In addition, we may be subject to a variety of other risks associated with international business, including import/export restrictions, fluctuations in currency exchange rates and economic or political instability.

The current geopolitical instability in Russia and Ukraine and related sanctions by the U.S. government against certain companies and individuals may hinder our ability to conduct business with potential or existing customers and vendors in these countries.

We derived approximately 11% and 2% of our revenue from Russia during Fiscal 2017 and Fiscal 2016, respectively. The continuation or escalation of the current geopolitical instability in Russia and Ukraine could negatively impact our operations, sales, and future growth prospects in that region. The U.S. government imposed sanctions through several executive orders restricting U.S. companies from conducting certain oil and gas production related business activities with specified Russian and Ukrainian individuals and companies and requiring export licenses for certain of such activities. While we believe that the executive orders currently do not preclude us from conducting business with our current customers in Russia, the sanctions imposed by the U.S. government could be expanded in the future to restrict us from engaging with them. If we are unable to conduct business with new or existing customers or pursue opportunities in Russia or Ukraine or elsewhere, our business, including revenue, profitability and cash flows, could be materially adversely affected. If we are unable to conduct business with certain vendors, our operations in Russia and Ukraine could be materially adversely affected.

Our business may be impacted by international instability, war, terrorism, and geopolitical events.

International political and economic instability or volatility, geopolitical regional conflicts, terrorist activity, political unrest, civil strife, acts of war, public corruption, expropriation and other economic or political uncertainties could interrupt and negatively affect the performance of our services, sale of our products or other business operations. A slowdown in economic growth in some emerging markets could result in long sales cycles, greater risk of uncollectible accounts and longer collection cycles. Fluctuations or devaluations in currency values, especially in emerging markets, could have an adverse effect on us, our suppliers, logistics providers and manufacturing vendors. All of these factors could result in increased costs or decreased revenues, and could materially and adversely affect our product sales, financial condition and results of operations.

We may not be able to retain or develop relationships with OEMs or distributors in our targeted markets, in which case our sales would not increase as expected.

In order to serve certain of our targeted markets, we believe that we must ally ourselves with companies that have particular expertise or better access to those markets. We believe that retaining or developing relationships with strong OEMs (which to date have typically resold our products under their own brands or packaged our products with other products as part of an integrated unit) or distributors in these targeted markets can improve the rate of adoption as well as reduce the direct financial burden of introducing a new technology and creating a new market. Because of OEMs’ and distributors’ relationships in their respective markets, the loss of an OEM or distributor could adversely

impact the ability to penetrate our target markets. We offer our OEMs and distributors stated discounts from list price for the products they purchase. In the future, to attract and retain OEMs and distributors we may provide volume price discounts or otherwise incur significant costs that may reduce the potential revenue from these relationships. We may not be able to retain or develop appropriate OEMs and distributors on a timely basis, and we cannot provide assurance that the OEMs and distributors will focus adequate resources on selling our products or will be successful in selling them. In addition, some of the relationships may require that we grant exclusive distribution rights in defined territories. These exclusive distribution arrangements could result in our being unable to enter into other arrangements at a time when the OEM or distributor with whom we form a relationship is not successful in selling our products or has reduced its commitment to market our products. We cannot provide assurance that we will be able to negotiate collaborative relationships on favorable terms or at all. Our inability to have appropriate distribution in our target markets may adversely affect our financial condition, results of operations and cash flow.

We have substantial accounts receivable, and increased bad debt expense or delays in collecting accounts receivable could have a material adverse effect on our cash flows and results of operations.

Our accounts receivable balance, net of allowances, was $17.0 million and $13.6 million as of March 31, 2017 and March 31, 2016, respectively. Days sales outstanding in accounts receivable (“DSO”) at the end of Fiscal 2017 was 68 days, compared with 66 days at the end of Fiscal 2016. We recorded bad debt recovery of approximately $1.5 million during each of Fiscal 2017 and Fiscal 2016. No assurances can be given that future bad debt expense will not increase above current operating levels. Increased bad debt expense or delays in collecting accounts receivable could have a material adverse effect on cash flows and results of operations.

Loss of a significant customer could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations.

E-Finity and Horizon accounted for approximately 14% and 11%, respectively, of our revenue for Fiscal 2017. Additionally, E-Finity, DTC and RSP, accounted for 29%, 12% and 10%, respectively, of net accounts receivable as of March 31, 2017. The loss of E-Finity, Horizon or any other significant customer could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations and financial condition.

We may not be able to develop sufficiently trained applications engineering, installation and service support to serve our targeted markets.

Our ability to identify and develop business relationships with companies who can provide quality, cost‑effective application engineering, installation and service can significantly affect our success. The application engineering and proper installation of our microturbines, as well as proper maintenance and service, are critical to the performance of the units. Additionally, we need to reduce the total installed cost of our microturbines to enhance market opportunities. Our inability to improve the quality of applications, installation and service while reducing associated costs could affect the marketability of our products.

Changes in our product components may require us to replace parts held at distributors.

We have entered into agreements with some of our distributors requiring that if we render parts obsolete in inventories they own and hold in support of their obligations to serve fielded microturbines, we are required to replace the affected stock at no cost to the distributors. It is possible that future changes in our product technology could involve costs that have a material adverse effect on our results of operations, cash flow or financial position.

We operate in a highly regulated business environment, and changes in regulation could impose significant costs on us or make our products less economical, thereby affecting demand for our microturbines.

Our products are subject to federal, state, local and foreign laws and regulations, governing, among other things, emissions and occupational health and safety. Regulatory agencies may impose special requirements for the implementation and operation of our products or that may significantly affect or even eliminate some of our target markets. We may incur material costs or liabilities in complying with government regulations. In addition, potentially significant expenditures could be required in order to comply with evolving environmental and health and safety laws,

regulations and requirements that may be adopted or imposed in the future. Furthermore, our potential utility customers must comply with numerous laws and regulations. The deregulation of the utility industry may also create challenges for our marketing efforts. For example, as part of electric utility deregulation, federal, state and local governmental authorities may impose transitional charges or exit fees, which would make it less economical for some potential customers to switch to our products. We can provide no assurances that we will be able to obtain these approvals and changes in a timely manner, or at all. Non‑compliance with applicable regulations could have a material adverse effect on our operating results.

The market for electricity and generation products is heavily influenced by federal and state government regulations and policies. The deregulation and restructuring of the electric industry in the United States and elsewhere may cause rule changes that may reduce or eliminate some of the advantages of such deregulation and restructuring. We cannot determine how any deregulation or restructuring of the electric utility industry may ultimately affect the market for our microturbines. Changes in regulatory standards or policies could reduce the level of investment in the research and development of alternative power sources, including microturbines. Any reduction or termination of such programs could increase the cost to our potential customers, making our systems less desirable, and thereby adversely affect our revenue and other operating results.

Utility companies or governmental entities could place barriers to our entry into the marketplace, and we may not be able to effectively sell our products.

Utility companies or governmental entities could place barriers on the installation of our products or the interconnection of the products with the electric grid. Further, they may charge additional fees to customers who install on‑site generation or have the capacity to use power from the grid for back‑up or standby purposes. These types of restrictions, fees or charges could hamper the ability to install or effectively use our products or increase the cost to our potential customers for using our systems. This could make our systems less desirable, thereby adversely affecting our revenue and other operating results. In addition, utility rate reductions can make our products less competitive which would have a material adverse effect on our operations. The cost of electric power generation bears a close relationship to natural gas and other fuels. However, changes to electric utility tariffs often require lengthy regulatory approval and include a mix of fuel types as well as customer categories. Potential customers may perceive the resulting swings in natural gas and electric pricing as an increased risk of investing in on‑site generation.

We may not achieve production cost reductions necessary to competitively price our products, which would adversely affect our sales.

We believe that we will need to reduce the unit production cost of our products over time to maintain our ability to offer competitively priced products. Our ability to achieve cost reductions will depend on our ability to develop low cost design enhancements, to obtain necessary tooling and favorable supplier contracts and to increase sales volumes so we can achieve economies of scale. We cannot provide assurance that we will be able to achieve any such production cost reductions. Our failure to achieve such cost reductions could have a material adverse effect on our business and results of operations.

During the second quarter of our fiscal year ended March 31, 2016, we removed approximately $51.6 million, for 186 units, representing 63.8 megawatts, of backlog from BPC Engineering, one of our Russian distributors. This removal aligned the backlog to our management’s expectations based on the global macroeconomic environment during our fiscal year ended March 31, 2015, such as the volatility of the global oil and gas market, a strong U.S. dollar (making our products more expensive overseas) and on-going geopolitical tensions involving Russia. In addition, we removed a portion of our TA100 backlog of approximately $2.4 million, for 17 units representing 1.7 megawatts, from Calnetix Power Solutions, Inc. during the first quarter of our fiscal year ended March 31, 2016. This removal aligned our TA100 backlog with our management’s decision to limit future production of TA100 systems on a case-by-case basis for key customers.

Potential intellectual property, labor, product liability, stockholder or other litigation may adversely impact our business.

From time to time, we may face litigation relating to intellectual property, labor, product liability, stockholder and other matters. An adverse judgment could negatively impact our financial position and results of operations, the trading price of our common stock and our ability to obtain future financing on favorable terms or at all. Whether or not resolved in a manner adverse to us, any litigation could be costly, divert management attention or result in increased costs of doing business. Further, our insurance coverage is limited for these and other claims against us, and we may not have adequate insurance or financial resources to pay for our liabilities or losses from any such claims.

Our business could be negatively impacted if we fail to adequately protect our intellectual property rights or if third parties claim that we are in violation of their intellectual property rights.

We view our intellectual property rights as important assets. We seek to protect our intellectual property rights through a combination of patent, trademark, copyright and trade secret laws, as well as licensing and confidentiality agreements. These protections may not be adequate to prevent third parties from using our intellectual property without our authorization, breaching any confidentiality agreements with us, copying or reverse engineering our products, or developing and marketing products that are substantially equivalent to or superior to our own. The unauthorized use of our intellectual property by others could reduce our competitive advantage and harm our business. If it became necessary for us to litigate to protect these rights, any proceedings could be burdensome and costly and we may not prevail. We cannot guarantee that any patents, issued or pending, will provide us with any competitive advantage or will not be challenged by third parties. Moreover, the expiration of our patents may lead to increased competition with respect to certain products. In addition, we cannot be certain that we do not or will not infringe third parties’ intellectual property rights. Any such claim, even if it is without merit, may be expensive and time‑consuming to defend, subject us to damages, cause us to cease making, using or selling certain products that incorporate the disputed intellectual property, require us to redesign our products, divert management time and attention and/or require us to enter into costly royalty or licensing arrangements.

Our results of operations could be materially and adversely affected by risks related to cyber security threats.

As a manufacturer of high technology commercial products, we face cyber security threats, as well as the potential for business disruptions associated with information technology failures or cyber security attacks. We routinely experience cyber security threats, threats to our information technology infrastructure and attempts to gain access to our sensitive information. Because of the evolving nature of these security threats, the impact of any future incident cannot be predicted. The occurrence of any of these events could adversely affect our results of operations, the services we provide to customers, the competitive advantages derived from our R&D efforts, the usefulness of our products and services, our reputation or our stock price.

We may incur costs and liabilities as a result of product liability claims.

We face a risk of exposure to product liability claims in the event that the use of our products is alleged to have resulted in injury or other damage. Although we currently maintain product liability insurance coverage, we may not be able to obtain such insurance on acceptable terms in the future, if at all, or obtain insurance that will provide adequate coverage against potential claims. Product liability claims can be expensive to defend and can divert the attention of management and other personnel for long periods of time, regardless of the ultimate outcome. A significant unsuccessful product liability defense could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations. In addition, we believe our business depends on the strong brand reputation we have developed. If our reputation is damaged, we may face difficulty in maintaining our market share and pricing with respect to some of our products, which could reduce our sales and profitability.

We have significant tax assets, usage of which may be subject to limitations in the future.

At March 31, 2017, we had federal and state net operating loss carryforwards of approximately $678 million and $160.2 million, respectively, which may be utilized to reduce future taxable income, subject to limitations under

Section 382 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986. These deferred tax assets have been fully offset by a valuation allowance. Any subsequent accumulations of common stock ownership leading to a change of control under Section 382 of the U.S. Internal Revenue Code of 1986, including through sales of stock by large stockholders, all of which are outside of our control, could limit and defer our ability to utilize our net operating loss carryforwards to offset future federal income tax liabilities.

Activities necessary to integrate any future acquisitions may result in costs in excess of current expectations or be less successful than anticipated.

We may acquire other businesses in the future and the success of these transactions will depend on, among other things, our ability to develop productive relationships with the corresponding distributors and to integrate assets and personnel, if any, acquired in these transactions and to apply our internal controls processes to these acquired businesses. The integration of any acquired businesses or significant assets may require significant attention from our management, and the diversion of management’s attention and resources could have a material adverse effect on our ability to manage our business. Furthermore, we may not realize the degree or timing of benefits we anticipated when we first enter into these transactions. If actual integration costs are higher than amounts assumed, if we are unable to integrate the assets and personnel acquired in an acquisition as anticipated, or if we are unable to fully benefit from anticipated synergies, our business, financial condition, results of operations, and cash flows could be materially adversely affected.

Operational restructuring may result in asset impairment or other unanticipated charges.

As a result of our corporate strategy, we have identified opportunities to outsource to third‑party suppliers certain functions which we currently perform. We believe outsourcing can reduce product costs, improve product quality and increase operating efficiency. These actions may not yield the expected results, and outsourcing may result in production delays or lower quality products. Transitioning to outsourcing may cause certain of our affected employees to leave before the outsourcing is complete. This could result in a lack of the experienced in‑house talent necessary to successfully implement the outsourcing. Further, depending on the nature of operations outsourced and the structure of agreements we reach with suppliers to perform these functions, we may experience impairment in the value of manufacturing assets related to the outsourced functions or other unanticipated charges, which could have a material adverse effect on our operating results.

We may not be able to manage our growth effectively, expand our production capabilities or improve our operational, financial and management information systems, which would impair our results of operations.

If we are successful in executing our business plan, we will experience growth in our business that could place a significant strain on our business operations, management and other resources. Our ability to manage our growth will require us to expand our production capabilities, continue to improve our operational, financial and management information systems, and to motivate and effectively manage our employees. We cannot provide assurance that our systems, procedures and controls or financial resources will be adequate, or that our management will keep pace with this growth. We cannot provide assurance that our management will be able to manage this growth effectively.

Our success depends in significant part upon the continuing service of management and key employees.

Our success depends in significant part upon the continuing service of our executive officers, senior management and sales and technical personnel. The failure of our personnel to execute our strategy or our failure to retain management and personnel could have a material adverse effect on our business. Our success will be dependent on our continued ability to attract, retain and motivate highly skilled employees. There can be no assurance that we can do so.

Our internal control systems rely on employees trained in the execution of the controls. Loss of these employees or our inability to replace them with similarly skilled and trained individuals or new processes in a timely manner could adversely impact our internal control mechanisms.

Our operations are vulnerable to interruption by fire, earthquake and other events beyond our control.

Our operations are vulnerable to interruption by fire, earthquake and other events beyond our control. Our executive offices and manufacturing facilities are located in southern California. Because the southern California area is located in an earthquake‑sensitive area, we are particularly susceptible to the risk of damage to, or total destruction of, our facilities in southern California and the surrounding transportation infrastructure, which could affect our ability to make and transport our products. If an earthquake, fire or other natural disaster occurs at or near our facilities, our business, financial condition, operating results and cash flow could be materially adversely affected.

We cannot be certain of the future effectiveness of our internal controls over financial reporting. If we are unable to maintain effective internal controls over our financial reporting, investors may lose confidence in our ability to provide reliable and timely financial reports and the value of our common stock may decline.

Pursuant to Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, we are required to include in our annual reports on Form 10-K our assessment of the effectiveness of our internal controls over financial reporting. This assessment includes disclosure of any material weaknesses identified by our management in our internal controls over financial reporting. Our management concluded that our internal controls over financial reporting were effective as of March 31, 2017. We may in the future identify material weaknesses in our internal controls over financial reporting that we have not discovered to date. If we cannot adequately maintain the effectiveness of our internal controls over financial reporting, we might be subject to sanctions or investigation by regulatory authorities, such as the SEC. Any such action could adversely affect our financial results and the market price of our securities.

We are subject to a number of pending lawsuits.

We and certain of our current and former officers are named as defendants in a shareholder class action lawsuit filed in the United States District Court for the Central District of California. Additionally, we and certain of our current and former officers and directors are named as defendants in various state and federal derivative suits. We may be named as defendants in future lawsuits. These current and future matters may result in significant liabilities and diversion of our management’s time, attention and resources. Given the uncertain nature of litigation generally, we are not able in all cases to estimate the amount or range of loss that could result from an unfavorable outcome in these matters. In view of these uncertainties, the outcome of these matters may result in charges in excess of any established reserves and, to the extent available, liability insurance. Protracted litigation, including any adverse outcomes, may have an adverse impact on our business, financial condition or results of operations. In addition, any significant judgment or settlement amount may require us to incur additional indebtedness, adversely affect our liquidity and ability to service our indebtedness, or require us to restructure or amend the terms of our indebtedness. See Item 3—Legal Proceedings of this Form 10-K for more information regarding currently pending legal proceedings.

If we continue to fail to meet all applicable Nasdaq Capital Market requirements and Nasdaq determines to delist our common stock, the delisting could adversely affect the market liquidity of our common stock, impair the value of your investment and adversely affect our ability to raise needed funds.

Our common stock is listed on the Nasdaq Capital Market. In order to maintain that listing, we must satisfy minimum financial and other requirements. On December 12, 2016, we received a notice from the Nasdaq Listing Qualifications Department stating that, for 30 consecutive business days preceding the notice date, the closing bid price for our common stock had been below the minimum $1.00 per share requirement for continued listing on the Nasdaq Capital Market as set forth in Nasdaq Listing Rule 5550(a)(2).  In accordance with Nasdaq Listing Rule 5810(c)(3)(A), we have been provided 180 calendar days, or until June 12, 2017, to regain compliance with the minimum bid price requirement. On June 13, 2017 we were afforded an additional 180-day grace period to regain compliance with the minimum bid price requirement. In order to regain compliance, the bid price of our common stock must close at $1.00 per share or more for a minimum of ten consecutive business days, at which time Nasdaq Listing Qualifications Department would provide written confirmation of our compliance. We may need to implement a reverse stock split to regain compliance with the Nasdaq Listing Rules. 

If we continue to fail to meet all applicable Nasdaq Capital Market requirements in the future and Nasdaq

determines to delist our common stock, the delisting could adversely affect the market liquidity of our common stock and adversely affect our ability to obtain financing for the continuation of our operations. This delisting could also impair the value of your investment.

The market price of our common stock has been, and may continue to be, highly volatile and you could lose all or part of your investment in our securities.

An investment in our securities is risky, and stockholders could lose their investment in our securities or suffer significant losses and wide fluctuations in the market value of their investment. The market price of our common stock is highly volatile and is likely to continue to be highly volatile. Given the continued uncertainty surrounding many variables that may affect our business and the industry in which we operate, our ability to foresee results for future periods is limited. This variability could affect our operating results and thereby adversely affect our stock price. Many factors that contribute to this volatility are beyond our control and may cause the market price of our common stock to change, regardless of our operating performance. Factors that could cause fluctuation in our stock price may include, among other things:

In addition, the stock market in general, and the Nasdaq Capital Market and the market for technology companies in particular, have experienced extreme price and volume fluctuations that have often been unrelated or disproportionate to the operating performance of particular companies affected. The market prices of securities of technology companies and companies servicing the technology industries have been particularly volatile. These broad market and industry factors may cause a material decline in the market price of our common stock, regardless of our operating performance. In the past, following periods of volatility in the market price of a company’s securities, securities class–action litigation has often been instituted against that company. This type of litigation, regardless of whether we prevail on the underlying claim, could result in substantial costs and a diversion of management’s attention and resources, which could materially harm our financial condition, results of operations and cash flow.

Our business could be negatively affected as a result of a proxy contest.

In March 2016, we received a letter from an owner of shares of our common stock giving notice of such stockholder’s intention to nominate nine director candidates for election to our board of directors at our 2016 annual meeting of stockholders. We sent a response letter to the stockholder indicating that its notice letter was deficient because it did not meet the requirements prescribed under our bylaws. A proxy contest involving the stockholder or litigation regarding the stockholder’s eligibility to nominate director candidates at the 2016 annual meeting of stockholders ultimately did not ensue, however, we could become engaged in a proxy contest with another activist stockholder in the future.

A proxy contest and any related litigation would require us to incur significant legal and advisory fees, proxy solicitation expenses and administrative and associated costs and require significant time and attention by management, our board of directors and employees, and would divert the attention of our board of directors and senior management from the pursuit of our business strategy, which could adversely affect our results of operations and financial condition. Any perceived uncertainties as to our future direction and control, our ability to execute on our strategy, or changes to the composition of our board of directors or senior management team arising from a proxy contest could lead to the perception of a change in the direction of our business, instability or lack of continuity which may be exploited by our competitors and may result in the loss of potential business opportunities and may make it more difficult to pursue our strategic initiatives or attract and retain qualified personnel and business partners, any of which could adversely affect our business and operating results. We may choose to initiate, or may become subject to, litigation as a result of the proxy contest or matters arising from the proxy contest, which would serve as a further distraction to our board of directors, management and employees and would require us to incur significant additional costs. In addition, the market price of our common stock could be subject to significant fluctuation or otherwise be adversely affected by the uncertainties described above or the outcome of a proxy contest or any related litigation.

Similarly, a future proxy contest with any other activist investor could result in the turnover of a majority of our board of directors. If such a change in the composition of our board of directors were to occur, it could trigger the change of control provisions of certain agreements and arrangements to which we are a party, including the Bridge Bank Credit Agreements, our Amended and Restated Change of Control Severance Plan and the Amended and Restated Change in Control Severance Agreement, as amended, between us and Darren Jamison, our President and Chief Executive Officer.

Under the Bridge Bank Credit Agreements, a change of control constitutes an event of default that would entitle Bridge Bank to, among other remedies, declare all of our outstanding borrowings under the Bridge Bank Credit Agreements immediately due and payable. Under the Amended and Restated Change of Control Severance Plan and the Amended and Restated Change in Control Severance Agreement, as amended, following a change of control, upon the

occurrence of a qualifying termination of Mr. Jamison or certain of our other executive officers and employees, we will be obligated to make specified severance payments to the terminated employee.

If such a change in our board composition were to occur, and if our board of directors were unable to take certain mitigating action to avoid triggering, or if we were unable to obtain a waiver of, these and other similar change of control provisions to which we are subject, the resulting payments and other obligations required of us could have a material adverse effect on our liquidity and ability to conduct our business or could otherwise materially and adversely affect our business, results of operations and financial condition.

Provisions in our certificate of incorporation, bylaws and our NOL rights plan, as well as Delaware law, may discourage, delay or prevent a merger or acquisition at a premium price.

Provisions of our second amended and restated certificate of incorporation, amended and restated bylaws and our stockholder rights plan, as well as provisions of the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware, could discourage, delay or prevent unsolicited proposals to merge with or acquire us, even though such proposals may be at a premium price or otherwise beneficial to you. These provisions include our board’s authorization to issue shares of preferred stock, on terms the board determines in its discretion, without stockholder approval, and the following provisions of Delaware law that restrict many business combinations.

We are subject to the provisions of Section 203 of the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware, which could prevent us from engaging in a business combination with a 15% or greater stockholder for a period of three years from the date such stockholder acquired such status unless appropriate board or stockholder approvals are obtained.

On May 6, 2016, we and Computershare Inc., as Rights Agent, entered into a Rights Agreement (the “NOL Rights Agreement”) designed to diminish the risk that our ability to use our net operating losses and certain other tax assets to reduce potential future federal income tax obligations would become subject to limitations by reason of us experiencing an “ownership change,” as defined in Section 382 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended. While this NOL Rights Agreement is intended to preserve our net operating losses, it effectively deters current and future purchasers from becoming 4.99% stockholders. The NOL Rights Agreement could also make it more difficult for a third party to acquire us, even if doing so would benefit our stockholders.

The market price of our common stock may be adversely affected by market conditions affecting the stock markets in general, including price and trading fluctuations on Nasdaq.

Market conditions may result in volatility in the level of, and fluctuations in, market prices of stocks generally and, in turn, our common stock and sales of substantial amounts of our common stock in the market, in each case being unrelated or disproportionate to changes in our operating performance. Concerns over global stability and economic conditions in the United States and abroad have contributed to the extreme volatility of the markets which may have an effect on the market price of our common stock.

Future issuances of our common stock could lower our stock price and dilute the interests of existing stockholders.

We may issue additional shares of our common stock in the future. The issuance of a substantial amount of common stock could have the effect of substantially diluting the interests of our current stockholders. In addition, the sale of a substantial amount of common stock in the public market, either in the initial issuance or in a subsequent resale by investors who acquired such common stock in a private placement, could have a material adverse effect on the market price of our common stock.

If securities or industry analysts do not publish research or publish inaccurate or unfavorable research about our business, our stock price and trading volume could decline.

The trading market for our common stock will depend in part on the research and reports that securities or industry analysts publish about us or our business. We do not have any control over these analysts. If one or more of the

analysts who covers us downgrades our stock or publishes inaccurate or unfavorable research about our business, our stock price would likely decline. If one or more of these analysts ceases coverage of us or fails to publish reports on us regularly, demand for our stock could decrease, which could cause our stock price and trading volume to decline.

We do not intend to pay cash dividends. We have never paid dividends on our capital stock and we do not anticipate paying any dividends in the foreseeable future. Consequently, any gains from an investment in our securities will likely depend on whether the price of our common stock increases.

We have not paid dividends on any of our capital stock to date and we currently intend to retain our future earnings, if any, to fund the development and growth of our business. As a result, capital appreciation, if any, of our common stock will be your sole source of gain for the foreseeable future. Consequently, in the foreseeable future, you will likely only experience a gain from your investment in our securities if the price of our common stock increases.

 

Item 1B.  Unresolved Staff Comments.

None.

Item 2.  Properties.

Our principal corporate offices, administrative, sales and marketing, R&D and support facilities consist of approximately 98,000 square feet of leased office space, warehouse space and assembly and test space located at 21211 Nordhoff Street in Chatsworth, California. This lease expires in September 2019, and we have one five‑year option to extend the term of this lease. We also lease an approximately 79,000 square foot facility at 16640 Stagg Street in Van Nuys, California as an engineering test and manufacturing facility for our recuperator cores. On June 7, 2017 we entered into an amendment to extend the Van Nuys facility lease agreement. This lease will expire in February 2023 and we have one five‑year option to extend the term of this lease. We are in the process of consolidating our manufacturing processes into our Van Nuys location. Once this is complete we will be looking to sublet all or a portion of our facility in Chatsworth. Management believes our facilities are adequate for our current needs.

 

Item 3.  Legal Proceedings.

Federal Securities Class Action

Two putative securities class action complaints were filed against the Company and certain of its current and former officers in the United States District Court for the Central District of California under the following captions:  David Kinney, etc. v. Capstone Turbine, et al., No. 2:15-CV-08914 on November 16, 2015 (the “Kinney Complaint”) and Kevin M. Grooms, etc. v. Capstone Turbine, et al., No. 2:15-CV-09155 on December 18, 2015 (the “Grooms Complaint”).

The putative class in the Kinney Complaint is comprised of all purchasers of the Company’s securities between November 7, 2013 and November 5, 2015.  The Kinney Complaint alleges material misrepresentations and omissions in public statements regarding BPC and the likelihood that BPC would not be able to fulfill many legal and financial obligations to the Company.  The Kinney Complaint also alleges that the Company’s financial statements were not appropriately adjusted in light of this situation and were not maintained in accordance with GAAP, and that the Company lacked adequate internal controls over accounting.  The Kinney Complaint alleges that these public statements and accounting irregularities constituted violations by all named defendants of Section 10(b) of the Exchange Act, and Rule 10b-5 thereunder, as well as violations of Section 20(a) of the Exchange Act by the individual defendants.  The Grooms Complaint makes allegations and claims that are substantially identical to those in the Kinney Complaint, and both complaints seek compensatory damages of an undisclosed amount.  On January 16, 2016, several shareholders filed motions to consolidate the Kinney and Grooms actions and for appointment as lead plaintiff.  On February 29, 2016, the Court granted the motions to consolidate, and appointed a lead plaintiff.  On May 6, 2016, a Consolidated Amended Complaint with allegations and claims substantially identical to those of the Kinney Complaint was filed in the consolidated action.  The putative class period in the Consolidated Amended Complaint is June 12, 2014 to November 5, 2015.  Defendants filed a motion to dismiss the Consolidated Amended Complaint on June 17, 2016. On March 10,

2017, the Court issued an order granting Defendants’ motion to dismiss in its entirety with leave to amend. Plaintiffs filed an amended complaint on April 28, 2017. Defendants’ motion to dismiss was filed June 2, 2017. The Company has not recorded any liability as of March 31, 2017 since any potential loss is not probable or reasonably estimable given the preliminary nature of the proceedings.

State Derivative Lawsuits — California

On February 18, 2016, a purported shareholder derivative action was filed in Los Angeles Superior Court in the State of California against the Company and certain of its current and former officers and directors under the following caption:  Stesiak v. Jamison, et al., No. BC610782.  The lawsuit alleges that certain of the Company’s current and former officers and directors knew or should have known that BPC would be unable to fulfill its obligations to the Company, but allowed the Company to make false and misleading statements regarding BPC and the Company’s financial condition.  The complaint also alleges that the defendants failed to timely adjust the Company’s account receivables and backlog to reflect BPC’s inability to pay the Company.  The complaint asserts causes of action for breach of fiduciary duty and unjust enrichment.  It demands damages for the amount of damage sustained by the Company as a result of the individual defendants’ alleged breach of fiduciary duties and unjust enrichment, that the Company institute corporate governance reforms, and disgorgement from the individual defendants.  On May 5, 2016, the parties filed a stipulation and proposed order seeking to stay this action until such time as the defendants’ motion(s) to dismiss the federal securities class action are either granted with prejudice or denied in whole or in part.  On May 10, 2016, the Court entered that proposed order. Given that the federal securities class action was dismissed with leave to amend, this case is still stayed. A status conference is scheduled for September 20, 2017.

On June 8, 2016, a purported shareholder derivative action entitled Velma Kilpatrick v. Simon, et al., No. BC623167, was filed in Los Angeles Superior Court in the State of California against the Company and certain of its current and former officers and directors.  The complaint alleges that certain of the Company’s current and former officers and directors knew or should have known that BPC would be unable to fulfill its obligations to the Company, but allowed the Company to make false and misleading statements regarding BPC and the Company’s financial condition.  The complaint also alleges that the defendants failed to timely adjust the Company’s account receivables and backlog to reflect BPC’s inability to pay the Company.  The complaint asserts causes of action for breach of fiduciary duty.  It demands damages for the amount of damage sustained by the Company as a result of the individual defendants’ alleged breach of fiduciary duties, and that the Company institute corporate governance reforms. On August 23, 2016, the parties filed a stipulation and proposed order seeking to stay this action until such time as the defendants’ motion(s) to dismiss the federal securities class action are either granted with prejudice or denied in whole or in part.  Given that the federal securities class action was dismissed with leave to amend, this case is still stayed. A status conference is scheduled for September 26, 2017.

On December 27, 2016, a purported shareholder derivative action entitled Andre Rosowsky v. Jamison, et al., No. 30-2016-00894859-CU-MC-CJC was filed in Orange County Superior Court in the State of California against the Company and certain of its current and former officers and directors. The complaint alleges that certain of the Company’s current and former officers and directors knew or should have known that BPC would be unable to fulfill its obligations to the Company, but allowed the Company to make false and misleading statements regarding BPC and the Company’s financial condition.  The complaint also alleges that the defendants failed to timely adjust the Company’s account receivables and backlog to reflect BPC’s inability to pay the Company.  The complaint asserts causes of action for breach of fiduciary duty and unjust enrichment.  It demands damages for the amount of damage sustained by the Company as a result of the individual defendants’ alleged breach of fiduciary duties, that the Company institute corporate governance reforms, and restitution from the individual defendants. On April 14, 2017, the case was removed to the United States District Court for the Central District of California. On May 5, 2017, the plaintiff voluntarily dismissed his complaint without prejudice.

Federal Derivative Lawsuits

On March 7, 2016, a purported shareholder derivative action was filed in the United States District Court for the Central District of California against the Company and certain of its current and former officers and directors under the following caption:  Haber v. Jamison, et al., No. CV16-01569-DMG (RAOx).  The lawsuit alleges that certain of the

Company’s current and former officers and directors knew or should have known that BPC would be unable to fulfill its obligations to the Company, but allowed the Company to make false and misleading statements regarding BPC and the Company’s financial condition.  The complaint asserts a cause of action for breach of fiduciary duty.  It demands damages for the amount of damage sustained by the Company as a result of the individual defendants’ alleged breach of fiduciary duties, and equitable relief, including that the Company institute appropriate corporate governance reforms.  On May 11, 2016, the parties filed a stipulation and proposed order seeking to stay this action until such time as the defendants’ motion(s) to dismiss the federal securities class action are either granted with prejudice or denied in whole or in part. On May 13, 2016, the Court entered that proposed order.  Given that the federal securities class action was dismissed with leave to amend, this case is still stayed.

On July 12, 2016 and July 18, 2016, respectively, two additional purported shareholder derivative actions were filed in the United States District Court for the Central District of California against the Company and certain of its current and former officers and directors, under the caption Tuttle v. Atkinson, et al., No. CV16-05127, and Boll v. Jamison, et al., No. CV16-5282, respectively.  The lawsuits allege that certain of the Company’s current and former officers and directors knew or should have known that BPC would be unable to fulfill its obligations to the Company, but allowed the Company to make false and misleading statements regarding BPC and the Company’s financial condition.  The Tuttle complaint asserts causes of action for breach of fiduciary duty, gross mismanagement, and unjust enrichment, and the Boll complaint asserts causes of action for breach of fiduciary duty, unjust enrichment, abuse of control, gross mismanagement, and waste of corporate assets.  Both complaints demand damages sustained by the Company as a result of the individual defendants’ alleged breaches of fiduciary duties, and equitable relief, including that the Company institute appropriate corporate governance reforms. The federal derivative actions have been stayed until such time as the defendants’ motion(s) to dismiss the federal securities class action are either granted with prejudice or denied in whole or in part. Given that the federal securities class action was dismissed with leave to amend, these cases are still stayed. 

Item 4.  Mine Safety Disclosures.

Not applicable.

PART II

Item 5.  Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities.

Market Information

Our common stock is publicly traded on the Nasdaq Capital Market under the symbol “CPST”. In order to maintain that listing, we must satisfy minimum financial and other requirements. On December 12, 2016, we received a notice from the Nasdaq Listing Qualifications Department stating that, for 30 consecutive business days preceding the notice date, the closing bid price for our common stock had been below the minimum $1.00 per share requirement for continued listing on the Nasdaq Capital Market as set forth in Nasdaq Listing Rule 5550(a)(2).  In accordance with Nasdaq Listing Rule 5810(c)(3)(A), we were provided 180 calendar days, or until June 12, 2017, to regain compliance with the minimum bid price requirement. On June 13, 2017 we were afforded an additional 180-day grace period to regain compliance with the minimum bid price requirement. In order to regain compliance, the bid price of our common stock must close at $1.00 per share or more for a minimum of ten consecutive business days, at which time Nasdaq Listing Qualifications Department would provide written confirmation of our compliance. We may need to implement a reverse stock split to regain compliance with the Nasdaq Listing Rules. 

The following table sets forth the high and low sales prices for each period indicated.

 

As of June 6, 2017, the last reported sale price of our common stock on the Nasdaq Capital Market was $0.67 per share.

Stockholders

As of June 6, 2017, there were 238 stockholders of record of our common stock. This does not include the number of persons whose stock is held in nominee or “street name” accounts through brokers.

Dividend Policy

We currently intend to retain any earnings for use in our business and, therefore, we do not anticipate paying any cash dividends in the foreseeable future. We have never declared or paid any cash dividends on our capital stock. In the future, the decision to pay any cash dividends will depend upon our results of operations, financial condition, cash flow and capital expenditure plans, as well as such other factors as our Board of Directors, in its sole discretion, may consider relevant. Additionally, the consent of Bridge Bank would be necessary in order for us to declare and pay a dividend in accordance with the terms of the Bridge Bank Credit Agreements.

Recent Sales of Unregistered Securities

There were no sales of unregistered securities during the fourth quarter ended March 31, 2017.

Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities

There were no repurchases of shares of common stock made during the year ended March 31, 2017.

Item 6.  Selected Financial Data.

We are a smaller reporting company as defined by Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act and are not required to provide the information required under this Item.

Item 7.  Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.

The following Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations contains forward‑looking statements that involve risks and uncertainties. Our actual results may differ materially from the results discussed in the forward‑looking statements. Factors that might cause a difference include, but are not limited to, those discussed under Item 1A (Risk Factors) in this Form 10-K. The following section is qualified in its entirety by the more detailed information, including our financial statements and the notes thereto, which appears elsewhere in this Form 10-K.

Overview

We are the market leader in microturbines based on the number of microturbines sold. Generally, power purchased from the electric utility grid is less costly than power produced by distributed generation technologies. Utilities may also charge fees to interconnect to their power grids. However, we can provide economic benefits to end users in instances where the waste heat from our microturbine has value (combined heat and power (“CHP”) and combined cooling, heat and power (“CCHP”)), where fuel costs are low (renewable energy/renewable fuels), where the costs of connecting to the grid may be high or impractical (such as remote power applications), where reliability and power quality are of critical importance, or in situations where peak shaving could be economically advantageous because of highly variable electricity prices. Because Capstone microturbines can provide a reliable source of power and can operate on multiple fuel sources, management believes they offer a level of flexibility not currently offered by other technologies such as reciprocating engines.

We continue to execute on our three-pronged business profitability plan to reduce operating expenses; diversify and increase revenue; and improve gross margin. During Fiscal 2017 our net loss decreased by 5% to $23.9 million and our basic and diluted loss per share improved by 46% to $0.75 compared to $25.2 and $1.39, respectively, in the same period of the previous year. The improvement in the net loss during Fiscal 2017 was primarily the result of a reduction of operating expenses of approximately 30% from Fiscal 2016. The improvement in the net loss per share during Fiscal 2017 was primarily the result of an increase in weighted average shares outstanding to 32.1 million for Fiscal 2017 from 18.2 million for Fiscal 2016. Our accessories, parts and service revenue increased 8% to a record high of $28.9 million or 37% of total revenue compared to $26.8 million or 31% of total revenue in Fiscal 2016 as global microturbine installations and factory protection plan revenue continued to expand. During Fiscal 2017, our revenue from the Russian market was approximately 11% of revenue compared to 2% of revenue the same period last year as we continue to rebuild our business in the Russian market by adding additional distributors in Russia and the Commonwealth of Independent States (“CIS”). Our revenue continues to be negatively impacted by the volatility of the global oil and gas markets, a strong U.S. dollar (making our products more expensive overseas) and ongoing geopolitical tensions in Russia, North Africa and the Middle East.

Our products continue to gain interest in all six of the major vertical markets (energy efficiency, renewable energy, natural resources, critical power supply, transportation and marine). In the energy efficiency market, we continue to expand our market presence in hotels, office buildings, hospitals, retail and industrial applications globally. The renewable energy market is fueled by landfill gas, biodiesel, and biogas from sources such as food processing, agricultural waste and cow, pig and chicken manure. Our product sales in the oil and gas and other natural resources market is driven by our microturbines’ reliability, emissions profile and ease of installation. Given the volatility of the oil and gas market, however, we have refocused our business strategy to target projects within the energy efficiency and renewal energy markets. The actual shift to the energy efficiency market is reflected in the product shipment by vertical markets table on page 38. We have also seen increased interest in critical power supply applications as customers want solutions that can handle both primary and backup power.

We continue to focus on improving our products based on customer input, building brand awareness and new channels to market by developing a diversified network of strategic distribution partners. Our focus is on products and solutions that provide near term opportunities to drive repeatable business rather than discrete projects for niche markets. In addition, management closely monitors operating expenses and strives to improve manufacturing efficiencies while simultaneously lowering direct material costs and increasing average selling prices. The key drivers to our success are

revenue growth, higher average selling prices, lower direct material costs, positive new order flow and reduced cash usage.

An overview of our direction, targets and key initiatives follows:

The following table summarizes our product shipments by vertical markets:

Energy Efficiency—CHP/CCHP

Energy efficiency refers to the proper utilization of both electrical and thermal energies in the power production process. In such applications, our microturbines are able to maximize the availability of usable energy to provide a significant economic advantage to customers while reducing their onsite emissions. CHP and CCHP can improve site economics by capturing the waste heat created from a single combustion process to increase the efficiency of the total system, from approximately 30 percent to 80 percent or more. Compared with more traditional, independent generation sources, the increase in operational efficiency also reduces greenhouse gas emissions through the displacement of other separate systems, which can also reduce operating costs.

Natural Resources—Crude Oil, Natural Gas, Shale Gas & Mining

Our microturbines are installed in the natural resource market for use in both onshore and offshore applications, including oil and gas exploration, production, and at compression and transmission sites as a highly efficient and reliable source of power.  In some cases, these oil and gas or mining operations have no electric utility grid and rely solely on power generated onsite. There are numerous locations, on a global scale, where the drilling, production, compression and transportation of natural resources and other extraction and production processes create fuel byproducts, which are traditionally burned or released into the atmosphere. Our microturbines can turn these fuel byproducts - flare gas, or associated gas, into a useable fuel to provide prime power to these sites.

Renewable Energy

There is a growing transition to renewable energy sources and technologies happening on a global scale. Our microturbines run efficiently on renewable fuels such as methane and other biogases from landfills, wastewater treatment facilities and other small biogas applications like food processing plants, livestock farms and agricultural waste operations. Microturbines can burn these renewable fuels with minimal emissions, thereby, and in some cases, avoiding the imposition of penalties incurred for pollution while simultaneously producing electricity from this “free” fuel source for use at the site or in the surrounding areas. Our microturbines have demonstrated effectiveness in these smaller

applications and may outperform conventional combustion engines in some situations, including when the gas contains a high amount of sulfur.

Critical Power Supply

Because of the potentially catastrophic consequences of system failure, momentary or otherwise, certain high demand power users, including high technology, health care and information systems facilities require higher levels of reliability in their power generation service. To meet these customer requirements, traditional solutions utilize UPS to protect critical loads from power disturbances along with back-up diesel generators for extended outages. We offer an alternative solution that can both meet customer reliability requirements and reduce operating costs.

Transportation

Our technology also can be used in HEV applications. Our customers have applied our products in HEV applications such as transit buses and Class 7 and 8 work trucks. In these applications, the microturbine acts as an onboard battery charger to recharge the battery system as needed. The benefits of microturbine-powered HEV hybrids include extended range, fuel economy gains, quieter operation, reduced emissions and higher reliability when compared with traditional internal combustion engines. Internal combustion diesel engine manufacturers have been challenged for the last several years to develop technology improvements, prior to aftertreatment that reduce emissions to levels specified by the EPA and CARB 2007 and 2010 standards. Many manufacturers are incorporating aftertreatment that increases upfront equipment costs, vehicle weight and life cycle costs, which and may reduce overall engine efficiency.

Marine

Our technology is also used in marine applications. Our customers have applied our products in the commercial vessel and luxury yacht market segments. The most feasible application for our marine products is for use as a ship auxiliary engine. In this application, the microturbines provide power to the vessel’s electrical loads and, in some cases, the vessel is able to utilize the exhaust energy to increase the overall efficiency of the application, thereby reducing overall fuel consumption and emissions. Another feasible application is similar to our HEV application where the vessel is driven by an electric propulsion system and the microturbine serves as an on board range extender.

Backlog

Net product orders were $43.8 million and $53.9 million for Fiscal 2017 and Fiscal 2016, respectively. Ending backlog was $113.0 million at March 31, 2017 compared to $109.6 at March 31, 2016. Book-to-bill ratio was 1.1:1 and 1.0:1 for Fiscal 2017 and Fiscal 2016, respectively. Book-to-bill ratio is the ratio of new orders we received to units shipped and billed during a period.

A portion of our backlog is concentrated in the international oil and gas market which may impact the overall timing of shipments or the conversion of backlog to revenue. The timing of the backlog is based on the requirement date indicated by our customers. However, based on historical experience, management expects that a significant portion of our backlog may not be shipped within the next 18 months. Additionally, the timing of shipments is subject to change based on several variables (including customer deposits, payments, availability of credit and customer delivery schedule changes), most of which are not in our control and can affect the timing of our revenue. As a result, management believes the book-to-bill ratio demonstrates the current demand for our products in the given period.

Our product development activities during Fiscal 2017 included new-patented fuel injector and certification of our C65 microturbine to applicable European Union medium voltage grid interconnection standards. In addition, we continued our development in our C200S ICHP microturbine and overall cost reduction for our Signature Series. We developed a new-patented multi-staged lean pre-vaporizing, pre-mixing fuel injector providing ultra-low emissions that meet EPA Tier 4 requirements for power generation. Under this new program, exhaust emissions from these engines will be required to decrease by more than 90%. Our C65, C200 and C1000 Series microturbines became VDE, BDEW and CEI certified during Fiscal 2017. These new standards were attained following the development and implementation of new microturbine system software architecture. The C200S microturbine incorporates numerous system and design upgrades intended to improve overall product quality, reliability, and performance. Our new C200S ICHP product further supports our effort to diversify our business into the CHP and CCHP energy efficiency markets, and the new roof mounted integrated CHP heat recovery modules designed specifically for our Signature Series product we aim to add additional revenue opportunities.

We are also developing a more efficient microturbine CHP system with the support of the DOE, which awarded us a grant of $5.0 million in support of this development program, of which $4.2 million was allocated to us and was used through September 30, 2015. We successfully completed the first phase of the development program on September 30, 2015 and achieved 270 kW with a prototype C250 microturbine in our development test lab. Management intends to continue with the next phase of development and commercialization after we achieve profitability. The next phase will be to continue development of the C250 product architecture as well as the associated power electronics and software controls required for successful commercialization.

We believe that effective execution in each of these key areas will be necessary to leverage Capstone’s promising technology and early market leadership into achieving positive cash flow with growing market presence and improving financial performance. Based on our recent progress and assuming achievement of targeted cost reductions and product mix, pricing and performance, our financial model indicates that we will achieve positive cash flow when we generate $25 million in quarterly revenue with a 25% gross margin. We are in the process of consolidating our manufacturing processes into our Van Nuys location. We believe that once this is complete we will have a production capacity of approximately 2,000 units per year, depending on product mix. We believe we will be able to support this production capacity level by adding additional shifts, which would increase working capital requirements, and making some additional capital expenditures.

Critical Accounting Policies

Our discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations is based upon our consolidated financial statements, which have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”). The preparation of these consolidated financial statements requires us to make estimates and judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenue and expenses and related disclosures of contingent liabilities. On an on‑going basis, we evaluate our estimates, including but not limited to those related to long‑lived assets, including finite‑lived intangible assets and fixed assets, bad debts, inventories, warranty obligations, stock‑based compensation, income taxes and contingencies. We base our estimates on historical experience and on various other assumptions that we believe to be reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. Actual results may differ from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions.

We believe that the following critical accounting policies affect our more significant judgments and estimates used in the preparation of our consolidated financial statements.

The use of Black‑Scholes model requires us to make estimates of the following assumptions:

The amount of stock‑based compensation cost is recorded on a straight-line basis over the vesting period. During the fiscal year ended March 31, 2017, we adopted ASU 2016-09, Compensation - Stock Compensation (Topic 718): Improvements to Employee Share-Based Payment Accounting and established an accounting policy election to assume zero forfeiture for awards and account for forfeitures when they occur.

Results of Operations

Year Ended March 31, 2017 Compared to Year Ended March 31, 2016

The following table summarizes our revenue by geographic markets (amounts in millions):

Revenue Revenue for Fiscal 2017 decreased $8.0 million, or 9%, to $77.2 million from $85.2 million for Fiscal 2016. The change in revenue for Fiscal 2017 compared to Fiscal 2016 included decreases in revenue of $6.4 million from the Latin American market, $6.3 million from the Asian and Australian markets and $3.2 million from the United States and Canadian markets. These overall decreases in revenue were offset by increases in revenue of $6.6 million from the European and Russian markets and $1.3 million from the Middle East and African markets. The decrease in revenue in the Latin American market during Fiscal 2017 compared to the same period the previous year was primarily the result of a strong U.S. dollar and reduced capital and operational spending, particularly in the upstream and midstream sectors of the oil and gas markets. The decrease in revenue in the Asian and Australian markets was primarily the result of large non-recurring microturbine product shipments for specific projects that had occurred during Fiscal 2016. The decrease in revenue in the United States and Canadian markets during Fiscal 2017 compared to the same period the previous year was primarily the result of the continued volatility in the global oil and gas market. The increase

in revenue in the European and Russian markets during Fiscal 2017 compared to the same period the previous year was primarily because of our strategic initiative to improve the diversification of our revenue, the improvement of sales from BPC and additional revenue from new distributors in the Russian market. The increase in revenue in the Middle East and African markets during Fiscal 2017 compared to the same period in the previous year was primarily the result of our continued investment in key growth initiatives in those markets. Despite the increase in revenue in the Russian, Middle East and African markets, our revenue continues to be negatively impacted by the volatility of the global oil and gas markets, a strong U.S. dollar (making our products more expensive overseas) and ongoing geopolitical tensions in Russia, North Africa and the Middle East.

The following table summarizes our revenue (revenue amounts in millions):

For Fiscal 2017, revenue from microturbine products decreased $10.1 million, or 17%, to $48.3 million from $58.4 million for Fiscal 2016. Megawatts shipped during Fiscal 2017 decreased 10.7 megawatts, or 18%, to 49.3 megawatts from 60.0 megawatts during Fiscal 2016. The decrease in revenue and megawatts shipped was because of delays of certain oil and gas projects, globally, resulting from the continued volatility in the oil and gas market. The timing of shipments is subject to change based on several variables (including customer deposits, payments, availability of credit and delivery schedule changes), most of which are not within our control and can affect the timing of our revenue. Average revenue per megawatt shipped was approximately $1.0 million during each of Fiscal 2017 and 2016. 

For Fiscal 2017, revenue from our accessories and parts increased $0.3 million, or 2%, to $15.0 million from $14.7 million for Fiscal 2016. The increase in revenue from accessories and parts was primarily because of an increase in sales of accessories. During the three months ended March 31, 2017, we shipped ten of our new roof mounted integrated CHP heat recovery modules designed for our C1000 Signature Series systems, which added approximately $0.4 million of new accessories revenue.

Service revenue for Fiscal 2017 increased $1.8 million, or 15%, to $13.9 million from $12.1 million for Fiscal 2016. The increase in service revenue was primarily the result of our growing installed base and an increase in our energy efficiency customers purchasing our FPP service agreements.

Sales to E-Finity Distributed Generation, LLC (“E-Finity), one of our domestic distributors, accounted for 14% and 11% of our revenue for the years ended March 31, 2017 and 2016. Sales to Horizon Power Systems (“Horizon”), one of our domestic distributors, accounted for 11% and 15% of our revenue for Fiscal 2017 and Fiscal 2016, respectively. Sales to Dtc Soluciones Inmobiliarias S.A. de C.V. (“DTC”), one of our Mexican distributors, accounted for 10% of our revenue for the year ended March 31, 2016. Sales to Optimal Group Australia Pty Ltd (“Optimal”), one of our Australian distributors, accounted for 10% of our revenue for the year ended March 31, 2016.

Gross Margin  Cost of goods sold includes direct material costs, production and service center labor and overhead, inventory charges and provision for estimated product warranty expenses. The gross margin was $1.8 million, or 2% of revenue, for Fiscal 2017 compared to a gross margin of $12.8 million, or 15% of revenue, for Fiscal 2016. The decrease in gross margin of $11.0 million, compared to Fiscal 2016 was primarily because of incremental warranty expense of $6.9 million, lower volume of microturbines shipped and a shift in product mix of $6.0 million, offset by decreases in production labor and overhead expense of $0.9 million, inventory charges of $0.7 million and royalty expense of $0.3 million. In addition to consolidating our manufacturing processes into our Van Nuys location, management continues to implement initiatives to improve gross margin in Fiscal 2018 by further reducing

manufacturing overhead and fixed and direct material costs and improving product performance as we work to achieve profitability.

Warranty expense is a combination of a standard warranty provision recorded at the time revenue is recognized and changes, if any, in estimates for reliability repair programs. Reliability repair programs are based upon estimates that are recorded in the period that new information becomes available, including design changes, cost of repair and product enhancements, which can include both in-warranty and out-of-warranty systems. The increase in warranty expense of $6.9 million during Fiscal 2017 compared to Fiscal 2016 was primarily because of a one-time non-cash warranty provision to retrofit proactively select non-Signature Series C200 microturbines with the more robust new Signature Series generator components to improve product performance, reliability and customer satisfaction. In addition, warranty expense during Fiscal 2017 compared to Fiscal 2016 reflects accommodations and timing of claims in the current period and the result of a benefit in the same period last year related to the decrease in the number of units covered under warranty. Management expects warranty expense in Fiscal 2018 to be lower than in Fiscal 2017 primarily as a result of a decrease in reliability repair programs.

Production and service center labor and overhead expense decreased $0.9 million during Fiscal 2017 compared to Fiscal 2016 as a result of decreases in salaries expense of $1.0 million, $0.2 million of business travel expense, and $0.1 million of consulting expense. These decreases were primarily the result of our cost reduction program to lower labor and overhead expenses throughout the organization. These decreases were offset by an increase in manufacturing supplies expense of $0.4 million during Fiscal 2017 compared to Fiscal 2016 primarily because of the closeout of purchasing agreements resulting from changes in product configuration and engineering changes.

Inventory charges decreased $0.7 million during Fiscal 2017 compared to Fiscal 2016 primarily as the result of a decrease in the provision for excess and obsolete inventory. During Fiscal 2017 and Fiscal 2016, we made an allowance of approximately $0.5 million and $0.8 million, respectively, for slow-moving inventory in relation to our TA100 product line.

Royalty expense decreased $0.3 million during Fiscal 2017 compared to Fiscal 2016 primarily as a result of lower sales of our C1000 Series systems.

The following table summarizes our gross margin (in millions except percentages):

Product gross margin decreased to a negative 14% during Fiscal 2017 compared to Fiscal 2016 primarily because of a one-time non-cash warranty provision, a decrease in product shipments and a shift in product mix. Accessories, parts and service gross margin increased to 30% during Fiscal 2017 compared to Fiscal 2016 primarily because of our growing installed base, increase in energy efficiency customers purchasing our FPP service agreements and timing of FPP services performed.

Research and Development Expenses (“R&D”)  R&D expenses for Fiscal 2017 decreased $4.8 million, or 47%, to $5.4 million from $10.2 million for Fiscal 2016. The overall decrease in R&D expenses of approximately $4.8 million resulted from decreases in salaries expense of approximately $2.5 million, supplies expense of $1.7 million, consulting expense of $0.7 million and business travel expense of $0.1 million. These overall decreases were offset by a

reduction in cost-sharing benefits of $0.2 million. As part of our initiatives to reduce operating expenses and achieve profitability, during Fiscal 2016, we reduced the number of active research projects, which included the development of the C250 microturbine. Management expects R&D expenses in Fiscal 2018 to be lower than in Fiscal 2017 as a result of the continued cost reduction initiatives.

Selling, General and Administrative (“SG&A”) Expenses  SG&A expenses for Fiscal 2017 decreased $6.4 million, or 24%, to $20.7 million from $27.1 million for Fiscal 2016. The net decrease in SG&A expenses was comprised of decreases of approximately $3.5 million in salaries expense, $0.9 million in marketing expense, $0.8 million in professional services expense, including accounting expenses, $0.5 million in business travel expense, $0.5 million in facilities expense and $0.4 million in consulting expense. These overall decreases were offset by an increase in supplies expense of $0.2 million. These decreases were primarily the result of our cost reduction program to lower operating expenses throughout the organization. Excluding bad debt recovery, management expects SG&A expenses in Fiscal 2018 to be lower than in Fiscal 2017 primarily as a result of our continued initiatives to reduce operating expenses and achieve profitability.

Interest Expense  Interest expense decreased $0.1 million, or 17%, to $0.5 million during Fiscal 2017 from $0.6 million for Fiscal 2016. Interest expense is primarily from the average balances outstanding under our former credit facility with Wells Fargo. As of March 31, 2017, we had total debt of $11.5 million outstanding under the credit facility.

Income Tax Provision  Income tax expense decreased $1,000, or 5%, to $19,000 during Fiscal 2017 from $20,000 during Fiscal 2016. Income tax expense incurred was related to state and foreign taxes. The effective income tax rate of −0.1% differs from the federal and state blended statutory rate of approximately 35% primarily as a result of recording taxable losses. At March 31, 2017, we had federal and state net operating loss carryforwards of approximately $678 million and $160.2 million, respectively, which may be utilized to reduce future taxable income, subject to limitations under Section 382 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986. We provided a valuation allowance for 100% of our net deferred tax asset of $269.3 million at March 31, 2017 because the realization of the benefits of these favorable tax attributes in future income tax returns is not deemed more likely than not. Similarly, at March 31, 2016, the net deferred tax asset was fully reserved.

Quarterly Results of Operations

The following table presents unaudited quarterly financial information. This information was prepared in accordance with GAAP, and, in the opinion of management, contains all adjustments necessary for a fair presentation of such quarterly information when read in conjunction with the financial statements included elsewhere herein. Our operating results for any prior quarters may not necessarily indicate the results for any future periods.

(In thousands, except per share data)

During the three months ended March 31, 2017, we recorded approximately $0.2 million in bad debt recovery with respect to the collection of cash for receivables from BPC previously reserved during Fiscal 2015. During the three months ended March 31, 2017 we made an allowance of approximately $0.5 million in cost of goods sold for slow-moving inventory in relation to our TA100 product line.

During the three months ended March 31, 2016, we recorded approximately $1.4 million in bad debt recovery in SG&A with respect to the collection of cash for receivables from EMI previously reserved during Fiscal 2015. During the three months ended March 31, 2016 we made an allowance of approximately $0.7 million in cost of goods sold for slow-moving inventory in relation to our TA100 product line.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

Our cash requirements depend on many factors, including the execution of our plan. We expect to continue to devote substantial capital resources to running our business and implementing the strategic changes summarized herein. Our planned capital expenditures for the year ending March 31, 2018 include approximately $1.0 million for plant and equipment costs related to manufacturing and operations. We have invested our cash in institutional funds that invest in high quality short‑term money market instruments to provide liquidity for operations and for capital preservation.

Our cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash balances increased $3.0 million during the year ended March 31, 2017, compared to a decrease of $15.5 million during the year ended March 31, 2016. The overall improvement in cash used during Fiscal 2017 compared to Fiscal 2016 was primarily the result of proceeds from the issuance of common stock and warrants and underwritten public offerings as described below.

Operating Activities During the year ended March 31, 2017, we used $18.5 million in cash in our operating activities, which consisted of a net loss for the period of $23.9 million and cash used for working capital of $3.4 million, offset by non‑cash adjustments (primarily warranty provision, accounts receivable allowances, depreciation and amortization, stock based compensation and inventory provision) of $8.8 million. During the year ended March 31, 2016, we used $22.5 million in cash in our operating activities, which consisted of a net loss for the period of $25.2 million and cash used for working capital of $2.4 million, offset by non‑cash adjustments of $5.1 million.

The following is a summary of the significant sources (uses) of cash from operating activities (amounts in thousands):

The change in non-cash operating activities during the year ended March 31, 2017 compared to the same period the previous year was primarily the result of a warranty provision to retrofit proactively select non-Signature Series C200 microturbines with the more robust new Signature Series generator components to improve product performance, reliability and customer satisfaction. In addition, non-cash operating activities includes the change in fair value of warrant liability for certain warrants issued in our October 2016 Offering (defined below) of common stock and warrants. The change in accounts receivable was the result of lower revenue and slower collection of accounts receivable during the year ended March 31, 2017 compared to the year ended March 31, 2016. The change in inventory was primarily the result of a decrease in raw materials and finished goods during the year ended March 31, 2017 compared to the same period the previous year. The change in accounts payable and accrued expenses was primarily the result of the level of inventory receipts and timing of payments made by us during the year ended March 31, 2017 compared to the same period the previous year. The change in other operating assets and liabilities was primarily because of warranty payments for the proactive retrofit of certain non-Signature Series C200 microturbines during the year ended March 31, 2017 compared to the year ended March 31, 2016.

Investing Activities  Net cash used in investing activities of $0.2 million and $1.5 million during the years ended March 31, 2017 and 2016 relates primarily to the acquisition of fixed assets.

Financing Activities  During the year ended March 31, 2017, we generated approximately $21.7 million in financing activities compared to cash generated during the year ended March 31, 2016 of approximately $8.5 million. The funds generated from financing activities during the year ended March 31, 2017 were primarily the result of proceeds from the October 2016 Offering of common stock and warrants described below, the April 2016 Offering (defined below), and proceeds from the credit facility, offset by repayments of notes payable and capital lease obligations. The funds generated from financing activities during the year ended March 31, 2016 were primarily the result of proceeds from the at-the-market offering program described below, offset by net repayments under the credit facility and the repayment of notes payable and capital lease obligations.

On October 18, 2016, we entered into a securities purchase agreement with certain accredited investors, pursuant to which we agreed to sell 3,600,000 shares of common stock, pre-funded Series B warrants to purchase up to 2,700,000 shares of common stock (“the October 2016 Offering”), and Series A warrants to purchase up to 6,300,000 shares of common stock. Pursuant to a placement agent agreement, dated as of October 18, 2016, we engaged

Oppenheimer & Co. Inc. as the lead placement agent for the offering and ROTH Capital Partners, LLC as co-placement agent for the offering. Each share of common stock was sold at a price of $1.20. Each Series B warrant was issued with an exercise price of $1.20 per share of common stock, $1.19 of which was pre-funded at closing and $0.01 of which is payable upon exercise. Each Series A warrant was issued with an initial exercise price of $1.34 per share of common stock. These Series A warrants contain anti-dilution provisions that reduce the exercise price of the warrants if certain dilutive issuances occur. The anti-dilution provisions of the Series A warrants are subject to approval by our stockholders. The Series A warrants are classified as liabilities under the caption “Warrant liability” in the accompanying balance sheets and recorded at estimated fair value with the corresponding charge under the caption “Change in fair value of warrant liability” in the accompanying statements of operations. See Part I, Item 1, Note 10—Fair Value Measurements for disclosure regarding the fair value of financial instruments. The net proceeds to us from this offering, after deducting the placement agent fees and other estimated offering expenses, were approximately $6.8 million. The offering closed on October 21, 2016. 

On April 19, 2016, we entered into an underwriting agreement with Oppenheimer & Co. Inc. as the sole book-running manager, and Rodman & Renshaw, a unit of H.C. Wainwright & Co., LLC, as the co-manager, related to public offering of 2.7 million shares of our common stock and pre-funded Series B warrants to purchase up to 5.5 million shares of common stock, which were offered in lieu of common stock to those purchasers whose purchase of common stock in the offering otherwise would result in the purchaser beneficially owning more than 4.99% of our outstanding common stock following the completion of the offering (the “April 2016 Offering”). Also included in the offering were Series A warrants to purchase 4.1 million shares of common stock. Every two shares of common stock were sold with one Series A warrant to purchase one share of common stock at a collective negotiated price of $3.50. Every two Series B warrants were sold with one Series A warrant to purchase one share of common stock at a collective negotiated price of $3.48. The net proceeds to us from the sale of the common stock and warrants, after deducting fees and other offering expenses, were approximately $13.1 million. The offering closed on April 22, 2016.

Effective August 28, 2015, we entered into a sales agreement with respect to an at-the-market offering program pursuant to which we may offer and sell, from time to time at its sole discretion, shares of our common stock, having an aggregate offering price of up to $30.0 million. We will set the parameters for sales of the shares, including the number to be sold, the time period during which sales are requested to be made, any limitation on the number that may be sold in one trading day and any minimum price below which sales may not be made. During the three months ended March 31, 2017, we issued 0.4 million shares of our common stock under the at-the-market offering program and the net proceeds to us from the sale of our common stock were approximately $0.3 million after deducting commissions paid of approximately $8,800. As of March 31, 2017, 7.3 million shares of our common stock were sold pursuant to the at-the-market offering program and the net proceeds to us from the sale of the common stock were approximately $12.8 million after deducting commissions paid of approximately $0.4 million. As of March 31, 2017, $12.2 million remained available for issuance with respect to the at-the-market offering program.

There were no stock options exercised during the years ended March 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively. Employee stock purchases, net of repurchases of shares of our common stock for employee taxes due on vesting of restricted stock units, resulted in approximately $16,000 of net cash used during the year ended March 31, 2017, compared with $0.1 million of net cash used during the year ended March 31, 2016.

Former Credit Facility  We maintained two Credit Agreements, with Wells Fargo, which provided us with a line of credit of up to $20.0 million in the aggregate (the “Credit Agreements”). The twelfth amendment to the Credit Agreements provided us the right, under certain circumstances, to increase the borrowing capacity available under our revolving lines of credit to an aggregate maximum of $20.0 million from an aggregate maximum of $15.0 million (the “Accordion Feature”). In addition, Wells Fargo provided us with a non-revolving capital expenditure line of credit up to $0.5 million to acquire additional eligible equipment for use in our business. Effective as of June 30, 2015, we exercised the Accordion Feature, thereby increasing the maximum borrowing capacity available to a maximum of $20.0 million. The amount actually available to us varied from time to time depending on, among other factors, the amount of our eligible inventory and accounts receivable. As security for the payment and performance of the credit facility, we granted a security interest in favor of Wells Fargo in substantially all of our assets. As of March 31, 2017 and March 31, 2016, $11.5 million and $9.5 million in borrowings were outstanding, respectively, under the credit facility.

The Credit Agreements included affirmative covenants as well as negative covenants that prohibit a variety of actions without Wells Fargo’s consent, including covenants that limit our ability to (a) incur or guarantee debt, (b) create liens, (c) enter into any merger, recapitalization or similar transaction or purchase all or substantially all of the assets or stock of another entity, (d) pay dividends on, or purchase, acquire, redeem or retire shares of, our capital stock, (e) sell, assign, transfer or otherwise dispose of all or substantially all of our assets, (f) change our accounting method or (g) enter into a different line of business. Furthermore, the Credit Agreements contained financial covenants, including (i) a requirement not to exceed specified levels of losses, (ii) a requirement to maintain a substantial minimum monthly cash balance to outstanding line of credit advances based upon our financial performance, and (iii) limitations on our annual capital expenditures.

Several times since entering into the Credit Agreements we were not in compliance with certain covenants under the credit facility. In connection with each event of noncompliance, Wells Fargo waived the event of default and, on several occasions, we amended the Credit Agreements in response to the default and waiver.  On June 10, 2015, we received from Wells Fargo a waiver of one such event of noncompliance, and as a condition of the amended Credit Agreements, we had restricted $5.0 million of cash equivalents as additional security for the credit facility. If we had not obtained the waivers and amended the Credit Agreements, we would not have been able to draw additional funds under the credit facility. In addition, we pledged our accounts receivables, inventories, equipment, patents and other assets as collateral for our Credit Agreements, which would be subject to seizure by Wells Fargo if we were in default under the Credit Agreements and unable to repay the indebtedness. Wells Fargo also had the option to terminate the Credit Agreements or accelerate the indebtedness during a period of noncompliance. On February 7, 2017, we and Wells Fargo entered into an amendment to the Credit Agreements regarding the release of restricted cash and the exclusion of certain items from the financial covenant calculations. As of March 31, 2017, we were in compliance with the covenants contained in the amended Credit Agreements for Fiscal 2017. Upon closing with Bridge Bank, our existing credit facilities with Wells Fargo were paid off in full.

New Credit Facility  On June 2, 2017, we entered into two secured credit facilities (the “Bridge Bank Credit Agreements”) with Western Alliance Bank through its Bridge Bank division (“Bridge Bank”), with credit support provided by the Export-Import Bank of the United States through its working capital guarantee program.  Under the terms of the Bridge Bank Credit Agreements, we may borrow up to $12.0 million on a revolving basis depending on, among other factors, the amount of our eligible inventory and accounts receivable. The Bridge Bank Credit Agreements are for a two-year period ending June 2, 2019.

Total borrowings, letter of credit obligations and the then aggregate committed amount of cash management services under the Bridge Bank Credit Agreements may not exceed 85% of the sum of unrestricted cash and the amount of cash collateral held at Bridge Bank. As a condition of the Bridge Bank Credit Agreements, we have restricted $5.0 million of cash equivalents as additional security for the credit facility. Borrowings under the Bridge Bank Credit Agreements will bear per annum interest at the prime rate plus 1.5 percent, subject to increase during the occurrence of an event of default. Obligations under the Bridge Bank Credit Agreements are secured by all of our assets, including intellectual property and general intangibles.

The Bridge Bank Credit Agreements include affirmative covenants as well as negative covenants that prohibit a variety of actions without Bridge Bank’s consent, including covenants that limit our ability to (a) incur or guarantee debt, (b) create liens, (c) enter into any merger, recapitalization or similar transaction or purchase all or substantially all of the assets or stock of another entity, or (d) sell, assign, transfer or otherwise dispose of our assets. 

The financial covenants  of the domestic credit agreement with Bridge Bank (the “Domestic Facility”) requires us not to exceed specified levels of losses relative to our financial model and the outstanding line of credit advances may not exceed 85% of  the sum of unrestricted cash and the amount of cash collateral held at Bridge Bank. The Domestic Facility also defines an event of default to include a material adverse effect on our business. An event of default for this or any other reason, if not waived, could have a material adverse effect on us.

Working Capital Cash used in working capital was $3.4 million during the year ended March 31, 2017, an increase of $1.0 million from the $2.4 million cash used during the year ended March 31, 2016. We attribute the increase in our working capital primarily because of higher warranty payments and accounts receivable, offset by decreases in

inventory and accounts payable payments made by us. Additionally, we didn’t fully achieve our planned number of product shipments during the year ended March 31, 2017, resulting in lower than expected revenue primarily in the oil and gas markets.

Based on our current operating plan, we anticipates that, given current working capital levels, current financial projections, the ability to borrow under our credit facility with Bridge Bank and the funds raised by selling additional securities through the at-the-market offering as of the date of issuance of our Fiscal 2017 financial statements. We believe we will be able to meet our financial obligations as they become due over the next twelve months from the date of issuance of our Fiscal 2017 financial statements. We believe we will be able to meet our financial obligations as they become due over the next twelve months from the date of issuance of our Fiscal 2017 financial statements.

Evaluation of Ability to Maintain Current Level of Operations In connection with preparing the consolidated financial statements for the year ended March 31, 2017, management evaluated whether there were conditions and events, considered in the aggregate, that raised substantial doubt about our ability to meet our obligations as they became due for the next twelve months from the date of issuance of our Fiscal 2017 financial statements. Management assessed that there were such conditions and events, including a history of recurring operating losses, negative cash flows from operating activities, the continued negative impact by the volatility of the global oil and gas markets, a strong U.S. dollar (making our products more expensive overseas) and ongoing geopolitical tensions in Russia, North Africa and Middle East. Our working capital requirements during Fiscal 2017 were higher than planned, primarily as a result of warranty claims related to the proactive retrofit for non-Signature Series C200 microturbines. Additionally, we did not fully achieve our planned number of product shipments during Fiscal 2017, resulting in lower than expected revenue. We incurred a net loss of $23.9 million and used cash in operating activities of $18.5 million for Fiscal 2017. In addition, at March 31, 2017, we had cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash of $19.7 million, and outstanding borrowings under our credit facility of $11.5 million.

Management evaluated these conditions in relation to our ability to meet our obligations as they become due. Our ability to continue current operations and to execute on management’s plan is dependent on our ability to generate cash flows from operations. Management believes that we will continue to make progress on our path to profitability by continuing to lower our operating costs and to develop our geographical and vertical markets. We may seek to raise funds by selling additional securities (through the at-the-market offering or otherwise) to the public or to selected investors or by obtaining additional debt financing. There is no assurance that we will be able to obtain additional funds on commercially favorable terms or at all. If we raise additional funds by issuing additional equity or convertible debt securities, the fully diluted ownership percentages of existing stockholders will be reduced. In addition, any equity or debt securities that we would issue may have rights, preferences or privileges senior to those of the holders of our common stock. 

Based on our current operating plan, management anticipates that, given current working capital levels, current financial projections, the ability to borrow under our new credit facility and the funds raised by selling additional securities through the at-the-market offering as of the date of issuance of our Fiscal 2017 financial statements, we will be able to meet our financial obligations as they become due over the next twelve months from the date of issuance of its Fiscal 2017 financial statements.

Depending on the timing of our future sales and collection of related receivables, managing inventory costs and the timing of inventory purchases and deliveries required to fulfill the backlog, our future capital requirements may vary materially from those now planned. The amount of capital that we will need in the future will require us to achieve significantly increased sales volume which is dependent on many factors, including:

Our accounts receivable balance, net of allowances, was $17.0 million and $13.6 million as of March 31, 2017 and March 31, 2016, respectively. Days sales outstanding in accounts receivable, (“DSO”), increased by two days to 68 days as of March 31, 2017 compared to 66 days as of March 31, 2016. We recorded net bad debt recovery of approximately $1.5 million for each of the years ended March 31, 2017 and 2016. During Fiscal 2015, we recorded approximately $7.1 million and $2.6 million with respect to the accounts receivable allowances from BPC and EMI, respectively.

No assurances can be given that future bad debt expense will not increase above current operating levels. Increased bad debt expense or delays in collecting accounts receivable could have a material adverse effect on cash flows and results of operations. In addition, our ability to access the capital markets may be severely restricted or made very expensive at a time when we need, or would like, to do so, which could have a material adverse impact on our liquidity and financial resources. Certain industries in which our customers do business and certain geographic areas have been and could continue to be adversely affected by the current economic environment.

Off‑Balance Sheet Arrangements

We do not have any material off‑balance sheet arrangements.

Inflation

Inflation did not have a material impact on our results of operations or financial condition for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2017 and 2016. In an effort to offset the adverse impact of inflation on earnings, we have historically raised selling prices on all products, parts, accessories and services. However, any future adverse impact of inflation on our raw materials and energy costs may not be similarly recoverable through our selling price increases.

Impact of Recently Issued Accounting Standards

In November 2016, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) No. 2016-18, “Statement of Cash Flows (Topic 230): Restricted Cash” (“ASU 2016-18”), which amends guidance and presentation related to restricted cash in the statement of cash flows, including stating that amounts generally described as restricted cash and restricted cash equivalents should be included within cash and cash equivalents when reconciling the beginning-of-period and end-of-period total amounts shown in the statement of cash flows. ASU 2016-18 is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2017, and interim periods within those annual periods. We adopted ASU 2016-18 for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2017, and retrospectively applied ASU 2016-18 as required.

Prior to the adopting ASU No. 2016-18, our consolidated statements of cash flows reported changes in restricted cash as financing activities and excluded restricted cash from the beginning and ending balances of cash and cash equivalents. The effect on prior periods of adopting the new guidance includes: (i) increase in cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash balance as of March 31, 2016 to $16.7 million and (ii) increase of $5.0 million in cash flows used in financing activities for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2016. The following table provides a reconciliation of cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash reported on the consolidated balance sheets that sum to amounts reported on the consolidated statements of cash flows (in thousands):

In March 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-09, Compensation - Stock Compensation (Topic 718): Improvements to Employee Share-Based Payment Accounting (“ASU 2016-09”). ASU 2016-09 changes certain aspects of accounting for share-based payments to employees and involves several aspects of the accounting for share-based payment transactions, including the income tax consequences, classification of awards as either equity or liabilities, and classification on the statement of cash flows. Specifically, ASU 2016-09 requires that all income tax effects of share-based awards be recognized as income tax expense or benefit in the reporting period in which they occur. Additionally, ASU 2016-09 amends existing guidance to allow forfeitures of share-based awards to be recognized as they occur. Previous guidance required that share-based compensation expense include an estimate of forfeitures. We have elected to early adopt ASU 2016-09 as of April 1, 2016 and made a policy election to account for forfeitures as they occur.  As of March 31, 2016, the Company had $11.2 million of unrealized excess tax benefits associated with share-based compensation. As a result of the adoption of ASU 2016-09 the Company recognized these tax benefits as a credit to retained earnings and a debit to the deferred tax asset. See Note 8—Income Taxes for further discussion on changes as a result of the adoption of ASU 2016-09. Other than these reclassifications, the effect of excess tax benefits on the provision for income taxes, and the adjustment to retained earnings, we do not believe the adoption of ASU 2016-09 will materially impact our consolidated financial position and results of operations.

In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842), (“ASU 2016-02”). The purpose of ASU 2016-02 is to provide financial statement users a better understanding of the amount, timing, and uncertainty of cash flows arising from leases. The adoption of ASU 2016-02 will result in the recognition of a right-of-use asset and a lease liability for most operating leases. New disclosure requirements include qualitative and quantitative information about the amounts recorded in the financial statements. ASU 2016-02 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018. ASU 2016-02 requires a modified retrospective transition by means of a cumulative-effect adjustment to retained earnings as of the beginning of the fiscal year in which the guidance is effective with the option to elect certain practical expedients. Early adoption is permitted. We are currently evaluating the impact of ASU 2016-02 on our consolidated financial position and results of operations.

In July 2015, the FASB issued ASU 2015-11, Simplifying the Measurement of Inventory (“ASU 2015-11”). ASU 2015-11 requires inventory that is recorded using the first-in, first-out method to be measured at the lower of cost or net realizable value. ASU 2015-11 is effective for annual and interim periods beginning after December 15, 2016, and should be applied prospectively with early adoption permitted at the beginning of an interim or annual reporting period. We do not believe that the provisions of ASU 2015-11 will have a material effect on our consolidated financial position or results of operations.

In April 2015, the FASB issued ASU 2015-03, Interest – Imputation of Interest (Subtopic 835-30). The ASU was issued as part of FASB’s current plan to simplify overly complex standards. This ASU requires that debt issuance costs related to a recognized debt liability be presented in the balance sheet as a direct deduction from the carrying amount of that debt liability. The recognition and measurement guidance for debt issuance costs are not affected by this ASU. The update requires retrospective application to all prior period amounts presented. This update is effective for annual and interim periods beginning on or after December 15, 2015, with early application permitted for financial statements that have not been issued. We adopted ASU 2015-03 with no impact on our consolidated financial position or results of operations.

In August 2014, the FASB issued ASU 2014-15, Disclosure of Uncertainties About an Entity’s Ability to Continue as a Going Concern (“ASU 2014-15”). ASU 2014-15 requires management to perform interim and annual assessments of an entity’s ability to continue as a going concern within one year of the date the financial statements are issued and provides guidance on determining when and how to disclose going concern uncertainties in the financial statements. Certain disclosures will be required if conditions give rise to substantial doubt about an entity’s ability to continue as a going concern. The amendments in ASU 2014-15 are effective for the annual period ending after December 15, 2016, and for annual periods and interim periods thereafter. Early application is permitted. We adopted ASU 2014-15 with no impact on our consolidated financial position or results of operations.

Revenue Recognition Related ASUs:

In May 2014, the FASB issued ASU 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (“ASU 2014-09”).

ASU 2014-09 supersedes nearly all existing revenue recognition guidance under GAAP. The standard’s core principle is that a company will recognize revenue when it transfers promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the company expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services.

In August 2015, the FASB issued FASB ASU No. 2015-14, Revenue from Contracts with Customers: Deferral of the Effective Date (“ASU 2014-09”), which deferred the effective date of ASU 2014-09 by one year. ASU 2014-09 is now effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2017, including interim periods within that reporting period, using one of two retrospective application methods. Early application is permitted only as of annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2016, including interim reporting periods within that reporting period.

In March 2016, the FASB issued FASB ASU No. 2016-08, Revenue from Contracts with Customers: Principal versus Agent Considerations (“ASU 2016-08”). ASU 2016-08 clarifies the implementation guidance on principal versus agent considerations.

In April 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-10, Revenue from Contracts with Customers: Identifying Performance Obligations and Licensing (“ASU 2016-10”). ASU 2016-10 clarifies the implementation guidance for identifying performance obligations and determining when to recognize revenue on licensing agreements for intellectual property.

In May 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-11, Revenue Recognition and Derivatives and Hedging: Rescission of SEC Guidance Because of ASU 2014-09 and ASU 2014-16 Pursuant to Staff Announcements at the March 3, 2016 EITF Meeting (“ASU 2016-11”). ASU 2016-11 rescinds certain SEC staff comments previously made in regard to these ASU’s.

In May 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-12, Revenue from Contracts with Customers: Narrow-Scope Improvements and Practical Expedients (“ASU 2016-12”) that provide guidance on assessing collectability, presentation of sales taxes, noncash consideration, and completed contracts and contract modifications at transition.

In December 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-20, Technical Corrections and Improvements to ASU 2014-09. The amendments in ASU 2014-09 affect narrow aspects of the guidance in ASU 2014-09, which is not yet effective. The amendments in ASU 2014-09 address loan guarantee fees, impairment testing of contract costs, provisions for losses on construction-type and production-type contracts, and various disclosures.

We are evaluating our existing revenue recognition policies and the impact of ASU 2014-09, ASU 2015-14, ASU 2016-08, ASU 2016- 10, ASU 2016-11, ASU 2016-12 and ASU 2016-20, if any, on our financial position and results of operations. The effective date and transition requirements for the amendments are the same as the effective date and transition requirements for ASU 2014-09. We will be required to adopt the revenue recognition standard in annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2017 (fiscal year ending March 31, 2019) and interim periods within those annual periods.

Item 7A.  Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosure About Market Risk.

We are a smaller reporting company as defined by Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act and are not required to provide the information required under this Item.

Item 8.  Financial Statements and Supplementary Data.

Our Consolidated Financial Statements and Financial Statement Schedule included in this Form 10‑K beginning at page F‑1 are incorporated in this Item 8 by reference.

Item 9.  Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure.

None.

Item 9A.  Controls and Procedures.

Disclosure Controls and Procedures

We maintain disclosure controls and procedures that are designed to ensure that the information required to be disclosed in our reports under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized, and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms, and that such information is accumulated and communicated to management, including our Chief Executive Officer (“CEO”) and Chief Financial Officer (“CFO”), as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. In designing and evaluating the disclosure controls and procedures, management recognized that any controls and procedures, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable assurance of achieving the desired control objectives.

In connection with the preparation of this Form 10‑K for the year ended March 31, 2017, an evaluation was performed under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including the CEO and CFO, of the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rule 13a‑15(e) under the Exchange Act). Based on this evaluation, our CEO and CFO have concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures are effective as of March 31, 2017 to ensure that the information required to be disclosed by us in reports we submit under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized, and reported within the time periods specified in the rules and forms prescribed by the SEC. Additionally, such information is accumulated and communicated to management, including our CEO and CFO, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.

Management’s Annual Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

Our management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over our financial reporting. Internal control over financial reporting is defined in Rule 13a‑15(f) or 15d‑15(f) under the Exchange Act as a process designed by, or under the supervision of, our CEO and CFO and effected by our board of directors, management and other personnel, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with GAAP and includes those policies and procedures that:

We conducted an evaluation of the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting based on the framework in Internal Control—Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (2013 framework). Based on this evaluation, management concluded that we maintained effective internal control over financial reporting as of March 31, 2017.

Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

There was no change in our internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rules 13a‑15(f) and 15d‑15(f) under the Exchange Act) during our most recently completed fiscal quarter that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

Item 9B.  Other Information.

None.

PART III

Item 10.  Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance.

Directors

The information required by this Item will be included in the Company’s 2017 Proxy Statement to be filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) in connection with the solicitation of proxies for the Company’s 2017 Annual Meeting of Shareholders (“2017 Proxy Statement”) and is incorporated herein by reference. Such Proxy Statement will be filed with the SEC within 120 days after the end of the fiscal year to which this report relates.

Item 11.  Executive Compensation.

The information required by this Item will be included in the Company’s 2017 Proxy Statement and is incorporated herein by reference.

Item 12.  Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters.

The information required by this Item will be included in the Company’s 2017 Proxy Statement and is incorporated herein by reference.

Item 13.  Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence.

The information required by this Item will be included in the Company’s 2017 Proxy Statement and is incorporated herein by reference.

Item 14.  Principal Accounting Firm Fees and Services.

The information required by this Item will be included in the Company’s 2017 Proxy Statement and is incorporated herein by reference.

 

PART IV

Item 15.  Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules.

(a)  1. and 2. Financial statements and financial statement schedule

The financial statements, notes and financial statement schedule are listed in the Index to Consolidated Financial Statements on page F‑1 of this Report.

3. Exhibits

The exhibits filed as part of this Form 10-K are set forth on the Exhibit Index immediately following the signatures of this Form 10-K. The Exhibit Index is incorporated herein by reference.

Item 16.  Form 10-K Summary.

Not applicable.

 

 

 

CAPSTONE TURBINE CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

INDEX TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

 

Financial statement schedules not included in this Form 10‑K have been omitted because they are not applicable or the required information is shown in the financial statements or notes thereto.

REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM

To the Board of Directors and Shareholders

of Capstone Turbine Corporation, Inc.:

We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheet of Capstone Turbine Corporation (the “Company”) as of March 31, 2017, and the related consolidated statements of operations, stockholders’ equity and cash flows for the year then ended.  These consolidated financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these consolidated financial statements based on our audit.

We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States).  Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement.  The Company is not required to have, nor were we engaged to perform, an audit of its internal control over financial reporting. Our audit included consideration of internal control over financial reporting as a basis for designing audit procedures that are appropriate in the circumstances, but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting. Accordingly, we express no such opinion.  An audit also includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements, assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall financial statement presentation.  We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion.

As discussed in Note 2 to the consolidated financial statements, the Company has retrospectively changed its method of reporting cash flows during the year ended March 31, 2017 due to the adoption of FASB ASU 2016-18, Restricted Cash.

In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the consolidated financial position of Capstone Turbine Corporation, as of March 31, 2017, and the consolidated results of its operations and its cash flows for the year then ended in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.

We have also audited the adjustment to the consolidated financial statements of the Company as of and for the year ended March 31, 2016 to retrospectively apply the change in the method of reporting cash flows, as described in Note 2 to the consolidated financial statements. In our opinion, such adjustment is appropriate and has been properly applied. We were not engaged to audit, review or apply any procedures to the consolidated financial statements of the Company as of and for the year ended March 31, 2016 other than with respect to the adjustment and, accordingly, we do not express an opinion or any other form of assurance on the consolidated financial statements of the Company as of and for the year ended March 31, 2016 taken as a whole.

(signed) Marcum LLP

Irvine, California

June 13, 2017

REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM

The Board of Directors and Stockholders

Capstone Turbine Corporation:

We have audited, before the effects of the adjustments to retrospectively apply the change in accounting described in note 2, the accompanying consolidated balance sheet of Capstone Turbine Corporation and subsidiaries as of March 31, 2016, and the related consolidated statement of operations, stockholders’ equity, and cash flows for the year then ended. The 2016 financial statements before the effects of the adjustments discussed in note 2 are not presented herein. The 2016 consolidated financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these consolidated financial statements based on our audit.

We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement. An audit includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. An audit also includes assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion.

In our opinion, the 2016 financial statements, before the effects of the adjustments to retrospectively apply the change in accounting described in note 2, present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of Capstone Turbine Corporation and subsidiaries as of March 31, 2016, and the results of  their operations and their cash flows for the year then ended in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles.

We were not engaged to audit, review, or apply any procedures to the adjustments to retrospectively apply the change in accounting described in note 2 and, accordingly, we do not express an opinion or any other form of assurance about whether such adjustments are appropriate and have been properly applied. Those adjustments were audited by a successor auditor.

(signed) KPMG LLP

Los Angeles, California

June 9, 2016

CAPSTONE TURBINE CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

(In thousands, except share amounts)

 

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.