CARDAX, INC. - Quarter Report: 2019 March (Form 10-Q)

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

(MARK ONE)

[X] QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended March 31, 2019

OR

[  ] TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from ___________ to___________

Commission File No. 333-181719

CARDAX, INC.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

2800 Woodlawn Drive, Suite 129, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822

(Address of principal executive offices, zip code)

(808) 457-1400

(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

(Former name, former address and former fiscal year,

if changed since last report)

Indicate by check mark whether the issuer (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.

Yes [X] No [  ]

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files).

Yes [X] No [  ]

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (check one):

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. [  ]

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Exchange Act Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act): Yes [  ] No [X]

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

As of May 15, 2019, there were 136,019,928 shares of common stock, $0.001 par value per share (“Common Stock”), of the registrant outstanding.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

SPECIAL NOTE REGARDING FORWARD LOOKING STATEMENTS

There are statements in this quarterly report that are not historical facts. These “forward-looking statements” can be identified by use of terminology such as “anticipate,” “believe,” “estimate,” “expect,” “hope,” “intend,” “may,” “plan,” “positioned,” “project,” “propose,” “should,” “strategy,” “will,” or any similar expressions. You should be aware that these forward-looking statements are subject to risks and uncertainties that are beyond our control. Although we believe that our assumptions underlying such forward-looking statements are reasonable, we do not guarantee our future performance, and our actual results may differ materially from those contemplated by these forward-looking statements. Our assumptions used for the purposes of the forward-looking statements specified in the following information represent estimates of future events and are subject to uncertainty as to possible changes in economic, legislative, industry, and other circumstances, including the development, acceptance and sales of our products and our ability to raise additional funding sufficient to implement our strategy. As a result, the identification and interpretation of data and other information and their use in developing and selecting assumptions from and among reasonable alternatives require the exercise of judgment. In light of these numerous risks and uncertainties, we cannot provide any assurance that the results and events contemplated by our forward-looking statements contained in this quarterly report will in fact transpire. These forward-looking statements are not guarantees of future performance. You are cautioned to not place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements, which speak only as of their dates. We do not undertake any obligation to update or revise any forward-looking statements.

PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION

ITEM 1. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS.

Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

Cardax, Inc., and Subsidiary

March 31, 2019 and 2018

Contents

Cardax, Inc., and Subsidiary

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

As of

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

Cardax, Inc., and Subsidiary

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS

For the three-months ended March 31,

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

Cardax, Inc., and Subsidiary

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF CHANGES IN STOCKHOLDER DEFICIT

Three-months ended March 31, 2018 and 2019

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

Cardax, Inc., and Subsidiary

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

For the three-months ended March 31,

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

Cardax, Inc., and Subsidiary

NOTES TO THE CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED

FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

NOTE 1 – COMPANY BACKGROUND

The Company’s predecessor, Cardax Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (“Holdings”), was incorporated in the State of Delaware on March 23, 2006.

Cardax, Inc. (the “Company”) (OTCQB:CDXI) is a biopharmaceutical company engaged in the development and commercialization of dietary supplements for inflammatory health and pharmaceuticals for chronic diseases driven by inflammation and oxidative stress. The Company’s first commercial product, ZanthoSyn®, is a physician recommended anti-inflammatory supplement for health and longevity that provides astaxanthin with enhanced absorption and purity. The Company sells ZanthoSyn® primarily through wholesale and e-commerce channels. The Company is also developing CDX-101 (astaxanthin pharmaceutical candidate) and CDX-301 (zeaxanthin pharmaceutical candidate) for pharmaceutical applications. The safety and efficacy of the Company’s products have not been directly evaluated in clinical trials or confirmed by the FDA.

Going concern matters

The accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared on a going concern basis, which contemplates the realization of assets and the satisfaction of liabilities in the normal course of business. As shown in the accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements, the Company incurred net losses of $1,135,420 and $1,047,864 for the three-months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively. The Company has incurred losses since inception resulting in an accumulated deficit of $63,078,738 as of March 31, 2019, and has had negative cash flows from operating activities since inception. The Company expects that its marketing program for ZanthoSyn® will continue to focus on outreach to physicians, healthcare professionals, retail personnel, and consumers, and anticipates further losses in the development of its consumer business. The Company also plans to advance the research and development of its pharmaceutical candidates and anticipates further losses in the development of its pharmaceutical business. As a result of these and other factors, management has determined there is substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern.

During the three-months ended March 31, 2019, the Company raised additional capital to carry out its business plan. As part of the Company’s efforts, it raised an additional $45,000 in gross proceeds through a private unit offering and issued $1 million in debt. The Company’s continued ability to raise additional capital through future equity and debt securities issuances is unknown. Obtaining additional financing, the successful development of the Company’s contemplated plan of operations, and its transition, ultimately, to profitable operations are necessary for the Company to continue operations. The ability to successfully resolve these factors raises substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern. The condensed consolidated financial statements of the Company do not include any adjustments that may result from the outcome of these uncertainties.

Cardax, Inc., and Subsidiary

NOTES TO THE CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED

FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)

NOTE 2 – SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

Unaudited interim financial information

The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”) for interim financial information and the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) for interim financial information. In the opinion of the Company’s management, the accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements reflect all adjustments, consisting of normal, recurring adjustments, considered necessary for a fair presentation of the results for the interim periods ended March 31, 2019 and 2018.

Although management believes that the disclosures in these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements are adequate to make the information presented not misleading, certain information and footnote disclosures normally included in financial statements that have been prepared in accordance U.S. GAAP have been condensed or omitted pursuant to the rules and regulations of the SEC.

These unaudited interim consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and the related notes included in the Company’s annual report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2018, filed with the SEC on March 28, 2019.

Revenue from contracts with customers

In May 2014, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued a new standard related to revenue recognition. Under the standard, revenue is recognized when a customer obtains control of promised goods or services in an amount that reflects the consideration the entity expects to receive in exchange for those goods or services. In addition, the standard requires disclosure of the nature, amount, timing, and uncertainty of revenue and cash flows arising from contracts with customers.

The Company adopted this standard effective January 1, 2018, using the retrospective method. As there was no impact on contracts that were previously completed and no significant impact to contracts completed after adoption, there was no need to restate prior results from operations.

The Company recognizes revenues from its contracts with customers for its products through wholesale and e-commerce channels when goods and services have been identified, the payment terms agreed to, the contract has commercial substance, both parties have approved the contract, and it is probable that the Company will collect all substantial consideration.

The following table presents our revenues disaggregated by revenue source and geographical location. Sales and usage-based taxes are included as a component of revenues for the three-months ended:

Cardax, Inc., and Subsidiary

NOTES TO THE CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED

FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)

NOTE 2 – SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (continued)

Revenue from contracts with customers (continued)

Sales discounts, rebates, promotional amounts to vendors, and returns and allowances are recorded as a reduction to sales in the period in which sales are recorded. The Company records shipping charges and sales tax gross in revenues and cost of goods sold. Sales discounts and other adjustments are recorded at the time of sale.

Leases

In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-02, Leases. This ASU requires management to recognize lease assets and lease liabilities for all leases. ASU No. 2016-02 retains a distinction between finance leases and operating leases. The classification criteria for distinguishing between finance leases and operating leases are substantially similar to the classification criteria for distinguishing between capital leases and operating leases in the previous lease guidance. The result of retaining a distinction between finance leases and operating leases is that under the lessee accounting model, the effect of leases in the statement of comprehensive income and the statement of cash flows is largely unchanged from previous U.S. GAAP. The guidance in ASU No. 2016-02 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, including interim periods within those fiscal years.

The Company applied the modified retrospective approach in adopting this standard. The modified retrospective approach includes a number of optional practical expedients that the Company elected to apply; primarily the identification and classification of leases that commenced before the effective date, initial direct costs for leases that commenced before the effective date, and the ability to use hindsight in evaluating lessee options to extend or terminate a lease or to purchase the underlying asset. As part of this adoption, the Company will, in effect, continue to account for leases that commence before the effective date in accordance with previous U.S. GAAP unless the lease is modified, except that lessees are required to recognize a right-of-use asset and a lease liability for all operating leases at each reporting date based on the present value of the remaining minimum rental payments that were tracked and disclosed under previous U.S. GAAP. This adoption of this standard on January 1, 2019, resulted in the Company recognizing a right-to-use asset and lease liability. The Company elected to not recognize any right-to-use assets or liabilities for leases that are twelve months or less. Lease costs are recognized straight-line over the term of the lease. The adoption of this standard did not impact retained earnings or cash flows of the Company.

Other significant accounting policies

There have been no other material changes to our significant accounting policies during the three-months ended March 31, 2019, as compared to the significant accounting policies described in our Annual Report.

Reclassifications

The Company has made certain reclassifications to conform its prior periods’ data to the current presentation, such as reclassifying a separation agreement that has terms extending beyond one year. These reclassifications had no effect on the reported results of operations or cash flows.

Cardax, Inc., and Subsidiary

NOTES TO THE CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED

FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)

NOTE 3 – INVENTORIES

Inventories consist of the following as of:

As of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, all raw materials were held at the manufacturer’s facility for future production.

NOTE 4 – INTANGIBLE ASSETS, net

Intangible assets, net, consists of the following as of:

Patents are amortized straight-line over a period of fifteen years. Amortization expense was $11,262 and $8,517 for the three-months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively.

The Company has capitalized costs for several patents that are still pending. In those instances, the Company has not recorded any amortization. The Company will commence amortization when these patents are approved.

The Company owns 28 issued patents, including 14 in the United States and 14 others in Europe, Canada, China, India, Japan, and Hong Kong. These patents will expire beginning in 2023 through 2028, subject to any patent term extensions of the individual patent. The Company has 1 patent application pending in the United States and 2 foreign patent applications pending in Europe and Brazil.

Cardax, Inc., and Subsidiary

NOTES TO THE CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED

FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)

NOTE 5 –ACCRUED SEPARATION COSTS

On August 9, 2016, the Company entered into a separation agreement with an employee to pay $118,635 of accrued compensation over nine-years. As of March 31, 2019, $99,385 remains outstanding of which $9,000 is due within one-year and is reflected as a current liability.

NOTE 6 – LONG-TERM NOTE PAYABLE

On January 11, 2019, the Company entered into a $1,000,000 revolving inventory financing facility with a lender. Use of proceeds from this facility is limited to the purchase of inventory, including raw materials, intermediates, and finished goods, unless otherwise waived by the lender. This facility accrues interest at the rate of 12% per annum, is unsecured, and matures in three years from origination. This facility also requires monthly interest payments. As of March 31, 2019, the aggregate unpaid principal amount under this facility was $1,000,000. The Company incurred interest charges of $19,973 during the three months ended March 31, 2019 and $10,192 of interest is accrued as of March 31, 2019 on this inventory financing facility.

NOTE 7 – STOCKHOLDERS’ DEFICIT

Self-directed stock issuance 2019

During the three-months ended March 31, 2019, the Company sold securities in a self-directed offering in the aggregate amount of $45,000 at $0.30 per unit. Each $0.30 unit consisted of 2 shares of restricted common stock (299,998 shares) and a five-year warrant to purchase 1 share of restricted common stock (149,999 warrant shares) at $0.20 per share.

Warrant exchange offering

In June 2018, the Company commenced an offering to exchange outstanding warrants for shares of common stock under a Form S-4 Registration Statement. These shares of common stock were issued to warrant holders in exchange for (i) their outstanding warrants to purchase shares of common stock at $0.625 per share, and (ii) cash payment of $0.15 per share. This offering closed on July 27, 2018, and resulted in an exchange of 9.6 million warrants and $1,440,043 in gross proceeds for 9,600,286 shares of common stock. Stock issuance costs associated with this capital raise totaled $196,006, resulting in a net total of $1,244,037 raised in this offering.

Shares outstanding

As of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, the Company had a total of 134,686,596 and 133,888,573 shares of common stock outstanding.

Cardax, Inc., and Subsidiary

NOTES TO THE CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED

FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)

NOTE 8 – STOCK GRANTS

Director stock grants

During the three-months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, the Company granted its independent directors an aggregate of 460,525 and 185,184, respectively, shares of restricted common stock in the Company. These shares were fully vested upon issuance. The increase in number of shares issued was due to the expansion of the Board of Directors by two members in June 2018. The expense recognized for these grants based on the grant date fair value was $87,500 and $50,000 for the three-months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively.

Consultant stock grants

On April 10, 2017, the Company granted a consultant 100,000 shares of restricted common stock valued at $0.23 per share. These shares were subject to a risk of forfeiture and vested quarterly in arrears commencing on April 1, 2018. The Company recognized $5,750 in stock-based compensation related to this grant during the three-months ended March 31, 2018.

On August 8, 2017, the Company granted a consultant 100,000 shares of restricted common stock valued at $0.175 per share. These shares were subject to a risk of forfeiture and vested 25% upon grant and quarterly in arrears thereafter commencing on September 1, 2017. The Company recognized $4,375 in stock-based compensation related to this grant during the three-months ended March 31, 2018.

On December 31, 2018, the Company granted consultants 112,500 shares of restricted common stock valued at $0.20 per share. These shares were fully vested upon issuance. The Company recognized $22,500 in stock-based compensation related to these grants during the year ended December 31, 2018.

On March 31, 2019, the Company granted consultants 37,500 shares of restricted common stock valued at $0.17 per share. These shares were fully vested upon issuance. The Company recognized $6,375 in stock-based compensation related to these grants during the three-months ended March 31, 2019.

NOTE 9 – STOCK OPTION PLANS

On February 7, 2014, the Company adopted the 2014 Equity Compensation Plan. Under this plan, the Company may issue options to purchase shares of common stock to employees, directors, advisors, and consultants. The aggregate number of shares reserved under this plan upon adoption was 30,420,148. On April 16, 2015, the majority stockholder of the Company approved an increase in the Company’s 2014 Equity Compensation Plan by 15 million shares. On December 4, 2018, the stockholders of the Company approved an increase in the Company’s 2014 Equity Compensation Plan by an additional 5 million shares, for a total of 50,420,148 shares reserved under the plan.

Under the terms of the 2014 Equity Compensation Plan and the 2006 Stock Incentive Plan (collectively, the “Plans”), incentive stock options may be granted to employees at a price per share not less than 100% of the fair market value at date of grant. If the incentive stock option is granted to a 10% stockholder, then the purchase or exercise price per share shall not be less than 110% of the fair market value per share of common stock on the grant date. Non-statutory stock options and restricted stock may be granted to employees, directors, advisors, and consultants at a price per share, not less than 100% of the fair market value at date of grant. Options granted are exercisable, unless specified differently in the grant documents, over a default term of ten years from the date of grant and generally vest over a period of four years.

Cardax, Inc., and Subsidiary

NOTES TO THE CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED

FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)

NOTE 9 – STOCK OPTION PLANS (continued)

A summary of stock option activity is as follows:

The aggregate intrinsic value in the table above is before applicable income taxes and represents the excess amount over the exercise price option recipients would have received if all options had been exercised on March 31, 2019, based on a valuation of the Company’s stock for that day.

A summary of the Company’s non-vested options for the three-months ended March 31, 2019 and year ended December 31, 2018, are presented below:

Cardax, Inc., and Subsidiary

NOTES TO THE CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED

FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)

NOTE 9 – STOCK OPTION PLANS (continued)

The Company estimates the fair value of stock options granted on each grant date using the Black-Scholes option valuation model and recognizes an expense ratably over the requisite service period. The range of fair value assumptions related to options issued were as follows for the:

The expected volatility was calculated based on the historical volatility of the Company. The risk-free interest rate used was based on the U.S. Treasury constant maturity rate in effect at the time of grant for the expected term of the stock options to be valued. The expected dividend yield was zero, because the Company does not anticipate paying a dividend within the relevant timeframe. Due to a lack of historical information needed to estimate the Company’s expected term, it was estimated using the simplified method allowed.

The Company records forfeitures as they occur and reverses compensation cost previously recognized, in the period the award is forfeited, for an award that is forfeited before completion of the requisite service period.

Stock option exercise

During the year ended December 31, 2018, the Company issued 156,997 shares of common stock in connection with the cashless exercise of stock options for 100,000, 50,000, and 50,000 shares of common stock exercisable at $0.06 per share with 43,003 shares of common stock withheld with an aggregate fair market value equal to the aggregate exercise price.

Stock based compensation

The Company recognized stock-based compensation expense related to options during the:

Cardax, Inc., and Subsidiary

NOTES TO THE CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED

FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)

NOTE 10 – WARRANTS

The following is a summary of the Company’s warrant activity:

The Company estimates the fair value of warrants granted on each grant date using the Black-Scholes option valuation model. The expected volatility is calculated based on the historical volatility of the Company. The risk-free interest rate used is based on the U.S. Treasury constant maturity rate in effect at the time of grant for the expected term of the warrants to be valued. The expected dividend yield is zero, because the Company does not anticipate paying a dividend within the relevant timeframe. Due to a lack of historical information needed to estimate the Company’s expected term, it is estimated using the simplified method allowed.

The Company did not recognize any stock-based compensation expense related to warrants during the three-months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018.

Warrant exchange offering

In June 2018, the Company commenced an offering to exchange outstanding warrants for shares of common stock under a Form S-4 Registration Statement. These shares of common stock were issued to warrant holders in exchange for (i) their outstanding warrants to purchase shares of common stock at $0.625 per share, and (ii) cash payment of $0.15 per share. This offering closed on July 27, 2018, and resulted in an exchange of 9.6 million warrants and $1,440,043 in gross proceeds for 9,600,286 shares of common stock. Stock issuance costs associated with this capital raise totaled $196,006, resulting in a net total of $1,244,037 raised in this offering. As part of this offering, warrants to purchase 315,010 shares of common stock at $0.21 per share were issued to investment bankers for their services.

Cardax, Inc., and Subsidiary

NOTES TO THE CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED

FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)

NOTE 10 – WARRANTS (continued)

Warrant expiration

During the three-months ended March 31, 2019, warrants to purchase an aggregate of 18,405,496 were canceled. During the year ended December 31, 2018, warrants to purchase an aggregate of 101,984 expired.

NOTE 11 – INCOME TAXES

The Company accounts for income taxes using the asset and liability method. Under this method, deferred income tax assets and liabilities are determined based upon the difference between the financial statement carrying amounts and the tax basis of assets and liabilities and are measured using the enacted tax rate expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which the differences are expected to be reversed.

The effective tax rate for the three and three-months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, differs from the statutory rate of 21% as a result of state taxes (net of Federal benefit), permanent differences, and a reserve against deferred tax assets.

The Company’s valuation allowance was primarily related to the operating losses. The valuation allowance is determined in accordance with the provisions of ASC No. 740, Income Taxes, which requires an assessment of both negative and positive evidence when measuring the need for a valuation allowance. Based on the available objective evidence and the Company’s history of losses, management provides no assurance that the net deferred tax assets will be realized. As of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, the Company has applied a valuation allowance against its deferred tax assets net of the expected income from the reversal of the deferred tax liabilities.

Recent tax legislation

On March 22, 2018, the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (“TCJA”) was enacted into law, which significantly changes existing U.S. tax law and includes numerous provisions that affect our business, such as reducing the U.S. federal statutory tax rate from 35% to 21% effective January 1, 2018.

Uncertain tax positions

The Company is subject to taxation in the United States and two state jurisdictions. The preparation of tax returns requires management to interpret the applicable tax laws and regulations in effect in such jurisdictions, which could affect the amount of tax paid by the Company. Management, in consultation with its tax advisors, files its tax returns based on interpretations that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances. The income tax returns, however, are subject to routine reviews by the various taxing authorities. As part of these reviews, a taxing authority may disagree with respect to the tax positions taken by management (“uncertain tax positions”) and therefore may require the Company to pay additional taxes.

Management evaluates the requirement for additional tax accruals, including interest and penalties, which the Company could incur as a result of the ultimate resolution of its uncertain tax positions. Management reviews and updates the accrual for uncertain tax positions as more definitive information becomes available from taxing authorities, completion of tax audits, expiration of statute of limitations, or upon occurrence of other events.

Cardax, Inc., and Subsidiary

NOTES TO THE CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED

FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)

NOTE 11 – INCOME TAXES (continued)

Uncertain tax positions (continued)

As of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, there was no liability for income tax associated with unrecognized tax benefits. The Company recognizes accrued interest related to unrecognized tax benefits as well as any related penalties in interest income or expense in its condensed consolidated statements of operations, which is consistent with the recognition of these items in prior reporting periods.

The federal and state income tax returns of the Company are subject to examination by the IRS and state taxing authorities, generally for three years after they were filed.

NOTE 12 – BASIC AND DILUTED NET LOSS PER SHARE

The following table sets forth the computation of the Company’s basic and diluted net loss per share for:

The following outstanding shares of common stock equivalents were excluded from the computation of diluted net loss per share for the periods presented because including them would have been antidilutive for the periods ended:

Cardax, Inc., and Subsidiary

NOTES TO THE CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED

FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)

NOTE 13 – LEASES

Manoa Innovation Center

The Company entered into an automatically renewable month-to-month lease for office space on August 13, 2010. Under the terms of this lease, the Company must provide a written notice 45 days prior to vacating the premises. Total rent expense under this agreement as amended was $9,100 and $7,201 for the three-months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively.

Fleet Lease

In January 2018, the Company entered into a vehicle lease arrangement with a rental company for three vehicles. The terms of the leases require monthly payments of $1,619 for three years. These leases convert to month-to-month leases in January 2021 unless terminated. Total lease expense under this agreement was $5,959 and $3,730 for the three-months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively.

Right-to-use leased asset and liability

As a result of the adoption of ASU No. 2016-02, Leases, on January 1, 2019, the Company recognized a right-to-use leased asset and liability for the Fleet Leases. The balance of this right-to-use asset and liability was $30,813 as of March 31, 2019.

NOTE 14 – SUBSEQUENT EVENTS

The Company evaluated all material events through the date the financials were ready for issuance.

In April 2019, the Company sold securities in a self-directed offering in the aggregate amount of $200,000 at $0.30 per unit. Each unit consisted of 2 shares of restricted common stock (1,333,332 shares) and a five-year warrant to purchase 1 share of restricted common stock (666,666 warrant shares) at $0.20 per share.

On April 18, 2019, the Company issued a convertible note payable in the amount $150,000. This note bears interest at 10% per annum and matures on December 31, 2019. This note and accrued interest may convert into shares of common stock at $0.12 per share any time at the holder’s option or automatically upon maturity provided the 20-day volume weighted average price per share of the Company’s common stock upon maturity is at least $0.12 per share. This note was also issued with a detachable warrant to purchase 500,000 shares of stock at $0.20 per share.

***

Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.

Explanatory Note

Unless otherwise noted, references in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q to “Cardax,” the “Company,” “we,” “our,” or “us” means Cardax, Inc., the registrant, and, unless the context otherwise requires, together with its wholly-owned subsidiary, Cardax Pharma, Inc., a Delaware corporation (“Pharma”), and Pharma’s predecessor, Cardax Pharmaceuticals, Inc., a Delaware corporation (“Holdings”), which merged with and into Cardax, Inc. on December 30, 2015.

Unless otherwise noted, references in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q to our “product” or “products” includes our dietary supplements, pharmaceutical candidates, and any of our other current or future products, product candidates, and technologies, to the extent applicable.

Corporate Overview and History

We are devoting substantially all of our present efforts to establishing our business related to the development and commercialization of dietary supplements and pharmaceuticals. Our first commercial product, ZanthoSyn®, is a physician recommended anti-inflammatory supplement for health and longevity that features astaxanthin with optimal absorption and purity. The form of astaxanthin utilized in ZanthoSyn® has demonstrated excellent safety in peer-reviewed published studies and is designated as GRAS (Generally Recognized as Safe) according to FDA regulations. We sell ZanthoSyn® primarily through wholesale and e-commerce channels. We expect that our marketing program will continue to focus on education of physicians, healthcare professionals, retail personnel, and consumers. We are also developing CDX-101 (astaxanthin pharmaceutical candidate) and CDX-301 (zeaxanthin pharmaceutical candidate) for pharmaceutical applications. The safety and efficacy of our products have not been directly evaluated in clinical trials or confirmed by the FDA.

At present we are not able to estimate if or when we will be able to generate sustained revenues. Our financial statements have been prepared assuming that we will continue as a going concern; however, given our recurring losses from operations, our independent registered public accounting firm has determined there is substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern.

Subsequent Events

In April 2019, we sold securities in a self-directed offering in the aggregate amount of $200,000 at $0.30 per unit. Each unit consisted of 2 shares of restricted common stock (1,333,332 shares) and a five-year warrant to purchase 1 share of restricted common stock (666,666 warrant shares) at $0.20 per share.

On April 18, 2019, we issued a convertible note payable in the amount $150,000. This note bears interest at 10% per annum and matures on December 31, 2019. This note and accrued interest may convert into shares of common stock at $0.12 per share any time at the holder’s option or automatically upon maturity provided the 20-day volume weighted average price per share of our common stock upon maturity is at least $0.12 per share. This note was also issued with a detachable warrant to purchase 500,000 shares of stock at $0.20 per share.

Results of Operations

Results of Operations for the Three-Months Ended March 31, 2019 and 2018:

The following table reflects our operating results for the three-months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018:

Operating Summary for the Three-Months Ended March 31, 2019 and 2018

We sell ZanthoSyn® primarily through wholesale and, to a lesser extent, e-commerce channels. We launched our e-commerce channel in 2016 and began selling to GNC stores in 2017. ZanthoSyn® is currently available at over three thousand GNC corporate stores in the United States. As a result, revenues were $164,972 and $313,310 for the three-months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively. The decrease in revenues for the three-months ended March 31, 2019 was primarily attributed to a combination of (i) GNC selling through existing ZanthoSyn® inventory we sold to GNC during the prior year, which impacted the timing and amounts of replenishment orders during the current period, and (ii) increased promotional activities at GNC stores, which increased the sales discounts passed through to us during the current period. Cost of goods sold were $104,180 and $135,32 for the three-months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively, and included costs of the product, shipping and handling, sales taxes, merchant fees, and other costs incurred on the sale of goods. Gross profits were $60,792 and $177,778 for the three-months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively, which represented gross profit margins of 37% and 57%, respectively. The decrease in gross profit margin for the three-months ended March 31, 2019 was primarily attributed to increased promotional activities at GNC stores, which increased the sales discounts passed through to us during the current period.

Operating expenses were $1,175,055 and $1,266,436, for the three-months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively. Operating expenses primarily consisted of services provided to the Company, including payroll, consultation, and contract services, for research and development, including our clinical trial and pharmaceutical development programs, sales and marketing, and administration. These expenses were paid in accordance with agreements entered into with each employee or service provider. Included in operating expenses were $180,375 and $129,625 in stock-based compensation for the three-months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively.

Other income (expense) was $(21,157) and $794, for the three-months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively. For the three-months ended March 31, 2019, other expense primarily consisted of interest expense of $21,429, which was offset by interest income of $2. For the three-months ended March 31, 2018, other income primarily consisted of interest and other income of $1,675, which was offset by interest expense of $881.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

Since our inception, we have sustained operating losses and have used cash raised by issuing securities in our operations. During the three-months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, we used cash in operating activities of $1,204,298 and $938,296, respectively, and incurred net losses of $1,135,420 and $1,047,864, respectively.

We require additional financing in order to continue to fund our operations and to pay existing and future liabilities and other obligations.

We intend to raise additional capital that would fund our operations for at least the next twelve months. We may continue to obtain additional financing from investors through the private placement of our common stock and warrants to purchase our common stock. Any financing transaction could also, or in the alternative, include the issuance of our debt or convertible debt securities. There can be no assurance that a financing transaction would be available to us on terms and conditions that we determined are acceptable.

We cannot give any assurance that we will in the future be able to achieve a level of profitability from the sale of existing or future products or otherwise to sustain our operations. These conditions raise substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern. The accompanying financial statements do not include any adjustments to reflect the possible future effects on recoverability and reclassification of assets or the amounts and classification of liabilities that may result from the outcome of this uncertainty.

Any inability to obtain additional financing on acceptable terms will materially and adversely affect us, including requiring us to significantly curtail or cease business operations altogether.

Our working capital and capital requirements at any given time depend upon numerous factors, including, but not limited to:

We have undertaken certain actions regarding the advancement of our pharmaceutical development program, the launch of a dietary supplement clinical trial, and the continued sales and marketing of our commercial dietary supplement. We plan to fund such activities, including compensation to service providers, with a combination of cash and equity payments. The amount of payments in cash and equity will be determined by us from time to time.

On the basis of current discussions with potential investors, investment banks, and others, management believes, consistent with its fundraising history, that the Company should have sufficient sources of liquidity to satisfy its ongoing obligations, although no assurance can be made that such financing will be available on acceptable terms, if at all. To the extent our cash and cash equivalents, cash flow from operating activities, and proceeds from the revolving inventory financing facility are insufficient to fund our future activities, including the development of our pharmaceutical candidates, we will need to raise additional funds through private or public equity or debt financings or bank credit arrangements. We also may need to raise additional funds in the event we determine to effect one or more acquisitions of, or investments in, businesses, services, or technologies. If additional funding is required, we may not be able to effect equity or debt financing or obtain bank credit arrangements on terms acceptable to us or at all.

The following is a summary of our cash flows provided by (used in) operating, investing, and provided by financing activities during the periods indicated:

Cash Flows from Operating Activities

During the three-months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, our operating activities primarily consisted of receipts and receivables from sales, payments or accruals for employees, directors, and consultants for services related to research and development, sales and marketing, and administration, and deposits for future inventory.

Cash Flows from Investing Activities

During the three-months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, our investing activities were related to expenditures on patents.

Cash Flows from Financing Activities

During the years ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, our financing activities primarily consisted of the issuance of debt and transactions in which we raised proceeds through the issuance of our common stock.

Our existing liquidity is not sufficient to fund our operations, anticipated capital expenditures, working capital, and other financing requirements for the foreseeable future. We will need to seek to obtain additional equity or debt financing, especially if we experience downturns or cyclical fluctuations in our business that are more severe or longer than anticipated, or if we experience significant increases in the cost of manufacturing, research and development, or sales and marketing activities, or increases in our expense levels resulting from being a publicly-traded company. If we attempt to obtain additional equity or debt financing, we cannot assure you that such financing will be available to us on favorable terms, or at all.

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

There are no off-balance sheet arrangements that have or are reasonably likely to have a current or future effect on our financial condition, changes in financial condition, revenues or expenses, results of operations, liquidity, capital expenditures or capital resources.

Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk.

As a smaller reporting company, we are not required to provide the information called for by this Item.

Item 4. Controls and Procedures.

Disclosure Controls and Procedures

Our management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting, as such term is defined in Exchange Act Rule 15d-15(f). Under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, we conducted an evaluation of the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting based on the framework in Internal Control—Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission. Internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles and includes those policies and procedures that (a) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the Company; (b) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit the preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles and that receipts and expenditures of the Company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of the our management and directors; and (c) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use or disposition of the Company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements. Based on our evaluation under the framework in Internal Control—Integrated Framework, our management concluded that our internal control over financial reporting was effective as of March 31, 2019.

Changes in Internal Controls over Financial Reporting

There were no changes in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting during the quarter ended March 31, 2019, that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.

PART II. OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1. Legal Proceedings.

From time to time, we may become involved in various lawsuits and legal proceedings that arise in the ordinary course of business. However, litigation is subject to inherent uncertainties and an adverse result in these or other matters may arise from time to time that may harm our business. We are currently not aware of any such legal proceedings or claims that we believe will have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition or operating results.

Item 1A. Risk Factors.

As a smaller reporting company, we are not required to provide the information called for by this Item.

Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds.

During the three-months ended March 31, 2019, the Company sold securities in a self-directed offering in the aggregate amount of $45,000 at $0.30 per unit. Each $0.30 unit consisted of 2 shares of restricted common stock (299,998 shares) and a five-year warrant to purchase 1 share of restricted common stock (149,999 warrant shares) at $0.20 per share.

Item 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities.

None.

Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures.

Not applicable.

Item 5. Other Information.

None.

Item 6. Exhibits.

SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of Section 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.

Dated: May 15, 2019