CareDx, Inc. - Quarter Report: 2017 September (Form 10-Q)

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

(Mark One)

For the quarterly period ended September 30, 2017

or

For the transition period from           to           

Commission file number: 001-36536

CAREDX, INC.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

3260 Bayshore Boulevard

Brisbane, California 94005

(Address of principal executive offices and zip code)

(415) 287-2300

(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

N/A

(Former name, former address and former fiscal year, if changed since last report)

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.  Yes ☒  No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files).  Yes ☒  No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☒

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).  Yes ☐  No ☒

Indicate the number of shares outstanding of each of the issuer’s classes of common stock, as of the latest practicable date.

There were 28,595,396 shares of the registrant’s Common Stock issued and outstanding as of November 8, 2017.

CareDx, Inc.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

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PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION

CareDx, Inc.

Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets

(Unaudited)

(In thousands, except share data)

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

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CareDx, Inc.

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations

(Unaudited)

(In thousands, except share and per share data)

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

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CareDx, Inc.

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Loss

(Unaudited)

(In thousands)

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

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CareDx, Inc.

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows

(Unaudited)

(In thousands)

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

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CareDx, Inc.

Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

1. ORGANIZATION AND DESCRIPTION OF BUSINESS

CareDx, Inc. (“CareDx” or the “Company”) together with its subsidiaries, is a global transplant diagnostics company with product offerings along the pre- and post-transplant continuum.  The Company focuses on discovery, development and commercialization of clinically differentiated, high-value diagnostic surveillance solutions for transplant patients.  In post-transplant diagnostics, the Company offers AlloMap®, which is a heart transplant molecular test and in October 2017 launched AlloSure®, which is a donor-derived cell free DNA (“dd-cfDNA”) test initially used for kidney transplant patients.  In pre-transplant diagnostics, the Company offers high quality products that increase the chance of successful transplants by facilitating a better match between a donor and a recipient of stem cells and organs.

AlloMap is a gene expression test that helps clinicians monitor and identify heart transplant recipients with stable graft function who have a low probability of moderate to severe acute cellular rejection.  Since 2008, the Company has sought to expand the adoption and utilization of its AlloMap solution through ongoing studies to substantiate the clinical utility and actionability of AlloMap, secure positive reimbursement decisions for AlloMap from large private and public payers, develop and enhance its relationships with key members of the transplant community, including opinion leaders at major transplant centers, and explore opportunities and technologies for the development of additional solutions for post-transplant surveillance.  The Company believes the use of AlloMap, in conjunction with other clinical indicators, can help healthcare providers and their patients better manage long-term care following a heart transplant. In particular, the Company believes AlloMap can improve patient care by helping healthcare providers avoid the use of unnecessary, invasive surveillance biopsies and determine the appropriate dosage levels of immunosuppressants. AlloMap has received 510(k) clearance from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (the “FDA”) for marketing and sale as a test to aid in the identification of recipients with a low probability of moderate or severe acute cellular rejection.  A 510(k) submission is a premarketing submission made to the FDA. Clearance may be granted by the FDA if it finds the device or test provides satisfactory evidence pertaining to the claimed intended uses and indications for the device or test.

The Company is also pursuing the development of additional products for transplant surveillance using a variety of technologies, including AlloSure, a proprietary next-generation sequencing-based test to measure dd-cfDNA after organ transplantation.  The Company believes the use of AlloSure, in conjunction with other clinical indicators, can help healthcare providers and their patients better manage long-term care following a kidney transplant. In particular, the Company believes AlloSure can improve patient care by helping healthcare providers to reduce the use of invasive biopsies and determine the appropriate dosage levels of immunosuppressants.  Effective October 9, 2017, AlloSure is available for commercial testing with Medicare coverage and reimbursement.

With the acquisition of CareDx International AB, formerly Allenex AB (“Allenex” or “Olerup”), on April 14, 2016, the Company develops, manufactures, markets and sells high quality products that increase the chance of successful transplants by facilitating a better match between a donor and a recipient of stem cells and organs. Olerup SSP® is used to type Human Leukocyte Antigen (“HLA”) alleles based on the sequence specific primer (“SSP”) technology and has a market in Europe and selected other markets for pre-transplant solutions.  The Company also offers Olerup XM-ONE®, a standardized test that identifies a patient’s antigens against HLA Class I or Class II, as well as antibodies against a donor’s endothelium.  This cross-match test has primarily been used prior to kidney transplants.  With the acquisition of the business assets of Conexio Genomics Pty Ltd (“Conexio”) on January 20, 2017, the Company offers a complete product range for sequence-based typing (“SBT”) of HLA alleles. Olerup SBT Resolver^TM is a test kit for sequence based HLA typing, while Assign SBT^TM is the companion software for sequence analysis. In 2014, Olerup began active development of a new HLA typing product, Olerup QTYPE® that uses real-time polymerase chain reaction (“PCR”) methodology. Olerup QTYPE was commercially launched at the end of September 2016.

The Company’s headquarters are in Brisbane, California; primary operations are in Brisbane and Stockholm, Sweden; and the Company operates in two reportable segments.

Liquidity and Going Concern

The Company adopted Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) No. 2014-15, Presentation of Financial Statements - Going Concern (Subtopic 205-40) effective December 31, 2016, which requires the Company to make certain disclosures if it concludes that there is substantial doubt about the entity’s ability to continue as a going concern within one year from the date of the issuance of these financial statements.  The Company has incurred significant losses and negative cash flows from operations since its inception and had an accumulated deficit of $236.4 million at September 30, 2017. As of September 30, 2017, the Company had cash and cash equivalents of $6.0 million, and $36.2 million of debt outstanding under its debt obligations, net of debt discount, of which $15.0 million is current.

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In March 2017, the Company received net proceeds of $24.0 million in connection with the issuance of a convertible debt obligation to JGB Collateral LLC and certain of its affiliates (“JGB”), of which $11.2 million was used to repay the Company’s outstanding debt obligations to East West Bank.  In addition, the convertible debt obligation requires the Company to maintain a minimum of $9.4 million of restricted cash at a named financial institution.  These funds are restricted as to withdrawal and are not available to the Company to fund its operations or repay indebtedness.  In accordance with the Company’s convertible debt financing agreements, the Company filed a registration statement with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) registering for resale the shares underlying the securities issued or issuable to JGB in the financing.

A quarterly debt covenant in the Company’s Term Loan Facility Agreement (the “Term Loan Facility”) with Danske Bank A/S (“Danske”) was violated on June 30, 2016 and September 30, 2016.  The Company obtained waivers for these violations.  The Company was in compliance with all debt covenants at December 31, 2016.  The Company was not in compliance with certain covenants at March 31, 2017, June 30, 2017, and September 30, 2017.  The Company obtained a waiver for these violations.  The waiver was conditional upon, among other things, the Company making a principal repayment of SEK 6,000,000 (approximately $0.7 million) by October 31, 2017.  This amount was paid on October 31, 2017.

In connection with the acquisition of Allenex, the Company entered into Conditional Share Purchase Agreements with each of Midroc Invest AB, FastPartner AB (“FastPartner”) and Xenella Holding AB, the former majority shareholders of Allenex (collectively, the “Former Majority Shareholders”), on December 16, 2015, as amended (the “Conditional Share Purchase Agreements”).  Pursuant to the Conditional Share Purchase Agreements, as of June 30, 2017, the Company owed deferred purchase consideration to the Former Majority Shareholders of approximately $6.3 million, including accrued interest, which was due on July 1, 2017.  On July 1, 2017, the Company entered into amendments to the Conditional Share Purchase Agreements with the Former Majority Shareholders, pursuant to which, among other things, (i) to immediately convert approximately $1.1 million of the Deferred Obligation into 1,022,544 shares of the Company’s common stock at a per share price of $1.12; (ii) require that the Company make an immediate cash repayment of $0.5 million; (iii) extend the maturity date of a portion of the obligations, totaling approximately $2.9 million to March 31, 2019; and (iv) provide that approximately $2.1 million of the Deferred Obligation shall become payable at December 31, 2017, unless earlier converted into 1,791,763 shares of common stock, which issuance of shares is subject to approval from the Company’s shareholders.  

In addition, promissory notes issued by Allenex to FastPartner and Mohammed Al Amoudi in an aggregate amount of approximately $4.1 million, including accrued interest (the “Allenex Notes”), were due on July 1, 2017.  On July 1, 2017, Allenex entered into new note agreements with each of FastPartner and Mohammed Al Amoudi, pursuant to which, the parties agreed to defer repayment of the amounts owed under the Allenex Notes until March 31, 2019.

The Company has incurred losses and negative cash flows from operations since 2015.  As of September 30, 2017, the Company had cash and cash equivalents of $6.0 million and an accumulated deficit of $236.4 million.  The Company previously disclosed in its Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2016 and in its Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q for the quarters ended March 31 and June 30, 2017 that it believed its cash balance would not be sufficient to fund operations for a period of one year from the date of the issuance of those financial statements and that the Company would require additional financing and/or refinancing of its current debt obligations to fund working capital, repay debt and pay its obligations.  

On October 10, 2017, the Company sold an aggregate of 4,992,840 shares of its common stock at a public offering price of $4.00 per share for net proceeds of approximately $18.3 million.  After giving consideration to the proceeds from the 2017 Public Offering and  the restructuring of the deferred purchase consideration and Allenex Notes on July 1, 2017, the Company believes its existing cash and cash equivalents, and expected revenues, will be sufficient to meet its anticipated cash requirements for at least the next 12 months.

The Company may require future additional financing to fund working capital, repay or restructure debt and pay its obligations as they come due.  Additional financing might include one or more offerings and one or more of a combination of equity securities, debt arrangements or collaborations. However, there can be no assurance that the Company will be successful in acquiring additional funding at levels sufficient to fund its operations or on terms favorable to the Company.

2. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

Basis of Presentation

The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”), and follow the requirements of the SEC for interim reporting.  As permitted under those rules, certain footnotes or other financial information that are normally required by U.S. GAAP can be condensed or omitted.  These financial statements have been prepared on the same basis as the Company’s annual financial statements and, in the opinion of management, reflect all adjustments, consisting only of normal recurring adjustments that are necessary for a fair statement of the Company’s financial information.  The condensed consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2016 has been derived from audited financial statements as of that date but does not include all of the financial information required

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by U.S. GAAP for complete financial statements.  Operating results for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017 are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the year ending December 31, 2017.

The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its subsidiaries. Intercompany transactions have been eliminated.  Since the Company owns less than 100% of the shares of Allenex, the Company records net loss attributable to noncontrolling interest in its condensed consolidated statements of operations equal to the percentage of the economic or ownership interest retained in such entities by the respective noncontrolling parties.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses in the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes.  On an ongoing basis, management evaluates its estimates, including those related to (i) revenue recognition, (ii) the differences between amounts billed and estimated receipts from payers, (iii) the determination of the accruals for clinical studies, (iv) the determination of refunds to be requested by third-party payers, (v) the fair value of assets and liabilities, including from acquisitions, (vi) inventory valuation, (vii) the valuation of warrants, Series A Preferred, and common stock issued in the Private Placement and Subsequent Financing (as described in Note 12), (viii) the fair value of contingent consideration in a business acquisition, (ix) the fair value of embedded derivatives, (x) measurement of stock-based compensation expense, (xi) the determination of the valuation allowance and estimated tax benefit associated with deferred tax assets and net deferred tax liability, (xii) any impairment of long-lived assets, including in-process technology and goodwill, and (xiii) legal contingencies.  Actual results could differ from those estimates.

Concentrations of Credit Risk and Other Risks and Uncertainties

Financial instruments that potentially subject the Company to credit risk consist of cash and cash equivalents and accounts receivable.  The Company’s policy is to invest its cash and cash equivalents in money market funds, obligations of U.S. government agencies and government-sponsored entities, commercial paper and various bank deposit accounts.  The counterparties to the agreements relating to the Company’s investments consist of financial institutions of high credit standing.  The Company is exposed to credit risk in the event of default by the financial institutions to the extent of amounts recorded on the balance sheets which may be in excess of insured limits.

The Company is also subject to credit risk from its accounts receivable, which are derived from revenue earned from AlloMap tests provided for patients located in the U.S. and billed to various third-party payers, and sales of Olerup products to distributors, strategic partners and end customers in Europe, Middle East and Africa, the U.S., Latin America and other geographic regions.  The Company has not experienced any significant credit losses and does not generally require collateral on receivables. For the three months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, approximately 26% and 27%, respectively, of total revenue was derived from Medicare.  For the nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, approximately 27% and 45%, respectively, of total revenue was derived from Medicare.  No other payers represented more than 10% of total revenue for these periods. At September 30, 2017, Medicare accounted for approximately 23% of accounts receivable. At December 31, 2016, Medicare accounted for approximately 27% of accounts receivable.  No other payers or customers represented more than 10% of accounts receivable at either September 30, 2017 or December 31, 2016.

Cash Equivalents

Cash equivalents consist of short-term, highly liquid investments with original maturities of three months or less from the date of purchase.  Cash equivalents consist primarily of amounts invested in money market funds.

Restricted Cash

Under lease agreements for certain facilities and an agreement with the State of Florida Medicaid, the Company must maintain letters of credit, minimum collateral requirements and a surety bond.  These agreements are collateralized by cash.  The cash used to support these arrangements is classified as long-term restricted cash on the accompanying balance sheets.  Under the Company’s convertible debt financing agreements with JGB, the Company is required to maintain restricted cash of $9.4 million, which is restricted as to withdrawal and is not available to the Company to fund its operations or repay indebtedness.  The restricted cash used to support the convertible debt facility is classified as long-term restricted cash on the accompanying balance sheet as of September 30, 2017.

Inventory

Inventory is finished goods, work in progress and raw materials and consist of reagent plates, testing devices, laboratory supplies, reagents, and finished goods kits.  Inventories are used in connection with tests performed and may also be used for research and

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product development efforts.  Laboratory supplies subsequently designated for research and product development use are expensed. Obsolete or damaged inventories are written off and excluded from the physical inventory.  Inventories at the Company’s Stockholm, Sweden and Fremantle, Australia locations are stated at the lower of purchased cost, determined on an average cost basis, or net realizable value.  Inventories at the Company’s other locations are stated at the lower of purchased cost, determined on a first-in, first-out basis or net realizable value.

Property and Equipment, net

Property and equipment are stated at cost, less accumulated depreciation.  Property and equipment are depreciated using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets, generally three years for laboratory, computer and office equipment, and generally seven years for furniture and fixtures.  Leasehold improvements are amortized over the shorter of their estimated useful lives or the remaining lease term.

Assets held under capital leases are recorded at the lower of the net present value of the minimum lease payments or the fair market value of the leased asset at the inception of the lease.  Amortization expense is computed using the straight-line method over the shorter of the estimated useful lives of the assets or the period of the related lease.

The Company capitalizes certain costs incurred for software developed or obtained for internal use.  These costs include software licenses, consulting services, and direct materials, as well as employee payroll and payroll-related costs.  Capitalized internal-use software costs are depreciated over three years.

Purchased Intangible Assets

Amortizable intangible assets include customer relationships, developed technology, trademarks, contracts and in-process research and development (“IPR&D”) identified intangible assets acquired as part of a business combination.  Intangible assets subject to amortization are amortized over their estimated useful lives.  Acquired intangible assets with indefinite useful lives are related to IPR&D projects and are measured at their respective fair values as of the acquisition date.  The Company does not amortize intangible assets with indefinite useful lives.  Intangible assets related to IPR&D projects are considered to be indefinite-lived until the completion or abandonment of the associated research and development efforts.  If and when development is complete, which generally occurs if and when regulatory approval to market a product is obtained, the associated assets would be deemed finite-lived and would then be amortized based on their respective estimated useful lives at that point in time.

The Company tests IPR&D for impairment on an annual basis and in between annual tests if it becomes aware of events or changes that would indicate that it is more likely than not that the fair value of the assets is below their carrying amounts.  The IPR&D annual impairment test is performed as of December 1 of each fiscal year.  If the fair value exceeds the carrying value, then there is no impairment. Impairment losses on indefinite-lived intangible assets are recognized based solely on a comparison of the fair value of an asset to its carrying value, without consideration of any recoverability test.  The Company has not identified any such impairment losses to date.

Impairment of Long-lived Assets

The Company evaluates its long-lived assets for indicators of possible impairment when events or changes in circumstances indicate the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable.  The Company then compares the carrying amounts of the assets with the future net undiscounted cash flows expected to be generated by such asset.  Should an impairment exist, the impairment loss would be measured based on the excess carrying value of the asset over the asset’s fair value determined using discounted estimates of future cash flows.  The Company has not identified any such impairment losses to date.

Goodwill

Goodwill represents the excess of the cost of an acquisition over the sum of the amounts assigned to tangible and identifiable intangible assets acquired, less liabilities assumed.  Goodwill is not subject to amortization, but is tested for impairment on an annual basis and whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate the carrying amount of these assets may not be recoverable.

The Company has determined that it operates in two reportable segments associated with the delivery of diagnostic tests and the development and commercialization of diagnostic products.  The reporting unit’s carrying value is compared to its fair value and an impairment charge is recognized for the amount by which the carrying amount exceeds the reporting unit’s fair value; however, the loss should not exceed the total amount of goodwill allocated to the reporting unit.  The estimated fair values of the reporting units are determined using either the market approach, income approach or a combination of the market and income approach.  Goodwill is considered impaired if the carrying value of the reporting unit exceeds its estimated fair value.  The income approach uses expected future operating results and failure to achieve these expected results may cause a future impairment of goodwill at the reporting unit.  

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The Company conducted a goodwill impairment test as of March 31, 2017 and identified an impairment of $2.0 million related to the goodwill recorded in the Olerup reportable segment.  See Note 6 for additional discussion regarding the impairment charge recorded.

Fair Value of Financial Instruments

Fair value is defined as the price that would be received from selling an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date.  When determining fair value, the Company considers the principal or most advantageous market in which the Company would transact, and it takes into consideration the assumptions that market participants would use when pricing the asset or liability.  The Company’s assessment of the significance of a particular input to the fair value measurement of an asset or liability requires management to make judgments and to consider specific characteristics of that asset or liability.

The carrying amounts of certain of the Company’s financial instruments, including cash equivalents, accounts receivable, accounts payable and accrued liabilities, approximate fair value due to their short maturities.  The carrying amounts of the common stock warrant liability, derivative liability and contingent consideration liability also represents their fair values.

Common Stock Warrant Liability and Derivative Liability

On April 14, 2016 and June 15, 2016, the Company completed the Private Placement and Subsequent Financing, respectively (as described in Note 12), which included the issuance of free standing warrants to certain accredited investors and placement agents to purchase shares of the Company’s common stock.  The exercisability of the warrants was contingent upon the receipt of approval of the Private Placement by the Company’s stockholders pursuant to the rules of The NASDAQ Stock Market LLC (the “Requisite Stockholder Approval”), which occurred on June 16, 2016.

The free standing warrants issued pursuant to the Private Placement and Subsequent Financing are contingently redeemable and are classified as liabilities on the consolidated balance sheet and recorded at their estimated fair value.  The warrants are remeasured at each balance sheet date with changes recorded in change in estimated fair value of common stock warrant liability and derivative liability on the consolidated statements of operations.

On March 15, 2017, the Company entered into a Securities Purchase Agreement with JGB, pursuant to which the Company issued Senior Secured Debentures (the “JGB Debt”) and warrants (as described in Note 11).  The Company determined that the debentures and the warrants were free standing instruments. The terms of the warrants include price-based anti-dilution adjustment provisions, which precludes the Company from classifying the warrants in equity.  As such, the warrants are classified as liabilities on the consolidated balance sheet.  The full fair value of the warrants was allocated on day one to the warrant liability and the residual value, after allocation of the fair value of the derivative liability discussed below, was ascribed to the debentures.  The warrants will be re-measured at each reporting period with changes recorded in change in estimated fair value of common stock warrant liability and derivative liability on the consolidated statements of operations.  

The Debentures are classified as liabilities on the consolidated balance sheet and include certain embedded derivatives that required bifurcation, including settlement and penalty provisions.  The compound embedded derivative will be re-measured at each reporting period with changes recorded in change in estimated fair value of common stock warrant liability and derivative liability on the consolidated statements of operations.

Testing Revenue

The Company recognizes revenues for tests delivered when the following criteria are met: (i) persuasive evidence that an arrangement exists; (ii) delivery has occurred or services rendered; (iii) the fee is fixed or determinable; and (iv) collectability is reasonably assured.

For testing revenue, the first criterion is satisfied when a third-party payer makes a coverage decision or enters into a contractual arrangement with the Company for the test.  The second criterion is satisfied when the Company performs the test and delivers the test result to the ordering physician.  The third criterion is satisfied if the third-party payer’s coverage decision or reimbursement contract specifies a price for the test.  The fourth criterion is satisfied based on management’s judgments regarding the collectability of the fees charged under the arrangement.  Such judgments include review of past payment history.  AlloMap testing may be considered investigational by some payers and not covered under their reimbursement policies.  Others may cover the test, but not pay a set or determinable amount.  As a result, in the absence of a reimbursement agreement or sufficient payment history, collectability cannot reasonably be assured so revenue is not recognized at the time the test is delivered.

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If all criteria set forth above are met, revenue is recognized on an accrual basis when the test is performed.  When the first, third or fourth criteria are not met but third-party payers make a payment to the Company for tests performed, the Company recognizes revenue on the cash basis in the period in which the payment is received.

Revenue for tests performed is recognized on the accrual basis net of adjustments for differences between amounts billed and the estimated receipts from payers.  The amount the Company expects to collect may be lower than the agreed upon amount due to several factors, such as the amount of patient co-payments, the existence of secondary payers and claim denials.  Estimated receipts are based upon historical payment practices of payers.  Differences between estimated and actual cash receipts are recorded as an adjustment to revenue, which have been immaterial to date.

Taxes assessed by governmental authorities on revenue, including sales and value added taxes are excluded from revenue in the statements of operations.

Product Revenue

Product revenue is recognized from the sale of products to end-users, distributors and strategic partners when persuasive evidence of an arrangement exists, the product is complete and tested and has been shipped or delivered, as required to transfer title and risk of loss, the sales price is fixed and determinable, collection of the resulting receivable is reasonably assured, there are no material contingencies and the Company does not have significant obligations for future performance.  When collectability is not reasonably assured, the Company defers the revenue until the cash is received.  Provisions for estimated future product returns and allowances are recorded in the period of the sale based on the historical and anticipated future rate of returns.  Revenue is recorded net of any discounts given to the buyer.

Collaboration, License and Other Revenue

The Company generates revenue from collaboration and license agreements.  Collaboration and license agreements may include non-refundable upfront payments, partial or complete reimbursement of research and development costs, contingent payments based on the occurrence of specified events under the agreements, license fees and royalties on sales of products or product candidates if they are successfully commercialized.  The Company’s performance obligations under the collaborations may include the transfer of intellectual property rights in the form of licenses, obligations to provide research and development services and obligations to participate on certain development committees with the collaboration partners.  The Company makes judgments that affect the periods over which it recognizes revenue.  The Company periodically reviews its estimated periods of performance based on the progress under each arrangement and accounts for the impact of any change in estimated periods of performance on a prospective basis.

The Company recognizes contingent consideration received from the achievement of a substantive milestone in its entirety in the period in which the milestone is achieved, which the Company believes is consistent with the substance of its performance under its various license and collaboration agreements.  The Company did not recognize any revenue connected with milestones during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017 or 2016.

Cost of Testing

Cost of testing reflects the aggregate costs incurred in delivering the Company’s AlloMap test results to clinicians.  The components of cost of testing are materials and service costs, direct labor costs, stock-based compensation, equipment and infrastructure expenses associated with testing samples, shipping, logistics and specimen processing charges to collect and transport samples and allocated overhead including rent, information technology, equipment depreciation, utilities and royalties.  Costs associated with performing tests (except royalties) are recorded as the test is processed regardless of whether and when the testing revenue is recognized with respect to that test.  As a result, the Company’s cost of testing as a percentage of revenue may vary significantly from period to period because the Company does not recognize all revenue in the period in which the associated costs are incurred.  Royalties for licensed technology, calculated as a percentage of test revenues, are recorded as license fees in cost of testing at the time the test revenues are recognized.

Cost of Product

Cost of product reflects the aggregate costs incurred in delivering the Company’s products to customers.  The components of cost of product are materials costs, manufacturing and kit assembly costs, direct labor costs, equipment and infrastructure expenses associated with preparing kitted products for shipment, shipping, and allocated overhead including rent, information technology, equipment depreciation and utilities.  Cost of product also includes amortization of acquired developed technology and adjustments to inventory values, including write-down of impaired, slow moving or obsolete inventory.

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Business Combinations

The Company determines and allocates the purchase price of an acquired business to the tangible and identifiable intangible assets acquired and liabilities assumed based on their estimated fair values as of the business combination date, including identifiable intangible assets which either arise from a contractual or legal right or are separable from goodwill.  The Company bases the estimated fair value of identifiable intangible assets acquired in a business combination on independent valuations that use information and assumptions provided by management, which consider management’s best estimates of inputs and assumptions that a market participant would use.  The Company allocates any excess purchase price over the estimated fair value assigned to the net tangible and identifiable intangible assets acquired and liabilities assumed to goodwill.  The use of alternative valuation assumptions, including estimated revenue projections, growth rates, royalty rates, cash flows, discount rates, estimated useful lives and probabilities surrounding the achievement of contingent milestones could result in different purchase price allocations and amortization expense in current and future periods.

In those circumstances where an acquisition involves a contingent consideration arrangement that meets the definition of a liability under FASB Accounting Standards Codification Topic 480, Distinguishing Liabilities from Equity, the Company recognizes a liability equal to the fair value of the contingent payments the Company expects to make as of the acquisition date.  The Company remeasures this liability each reporting period and records changes in the fair value as a component of operating expenses.

Transaction costs associated with acquisitions are expensed as incurred in general and administrative expenses.  Results of operations and cash flows of acquired companies are included in the Company’s operating results from the date of acquisition.

Research and Development Expenses

Research and development expenses represent costs incurred to develop new surveillance solutions as well as continued development of the Company’s AlloMap and AlloSure tests.  These expenses include payroll and related expenses, consulting expenses, laboratory supplies, and certain allocated expenses as well as amounts incurred under certain collaboration and license agreements.  Research and development costs are expensed as incurred.  The Company records accruals for estimated study costs comprised of work performed by contract research organizations under contract terms.

Advertising Expenses

All advertising costs are expensed as incurred.  Advertising expenses were insignificant during all of the periods presented.

Stock-based Compensation

The Company uses the Black-Scholes Model, which requires the use of estimates such as stock price volatility and expected option lives, to value employee stock options.  The Company estimates the expected option lives using historical data, volatility using its own historical stock prices and stock prices of peer companies in the diagnostics industry, risk-free rates using the implied yield currently available in the U.S. Treasury zero-coupon issues with a remaining term equal to the expected option lives, and dividend yield using the Company’s expectations and historical data.  The fair value of each restricted stock unit is calculated based upon the closing price of the Company’s common stock on the date of the grant.

The Company uses the straight-line attribution method for recognizing compensation expense.  Compensation expense is recognized on awards ultimately expected to vest and reduced for forfeitures that are estimated at the time of grant and revised, if necessary, in subsequent periods if actual forfeitures differ from those estimates.  Forfeitures are estimated based on the Company’s historical experience.

Compensation expense for stock options issued to nonemployees is calculated using the Black-Scholes Model and is recorded over the service performance period.  Options subject to vesting are required to be periodically remeasured over their service performance period, which is generally the same as the vesting period.

Income Taxes

The Company accounts for income taxes under the liability method.  Under this method, deferred tax assets and liabilities are determined based on the difference between the financial statements and tax bases of assets and liabilities using enacted tax rates in effect for the year in which the differences are expected to affect taxable income.  Valuation allowances are established when necessary to reduce deferred tax assets to the amounts expected to be realized.

The Company assesses all material positions taken in any income tax return, including all significant uncertain positions, in all tax years that are still subject to assessment or challenge by relevant taxing authorities.  The Company’s assessment of an uncertain tax

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position begins with the initial determination of the position’s sustainability and is measured at the largest amount of benefit that is greater than 50 percent likely of being realized upon ultimate settlement.  As of each balance sheet date, unresolved uncertain tax positions must be reassessed, and the Company will determine whether (i) the factors underlying the sustainability assertion have changed and (ii) the amount of the recognized tax benefit is still appropriate.  The recognition and measurement of tax benefits requires significant judgment. Judgments concerning the recognition and measurement of a tax benefit may change as new information becomes available.

Foreign Currency Translation

The functional currency of the Company’s foreign subsidiaries is the local currency for each entity, including the Swedish Krona, Australian dollar and the Euro.  The revenue and expenses of such subsidiaries have been translated into U.S. dollars at average exchange rates prevailing during the period.  Assets and liabilities have been translated at the rates of exchange on the balance sheet date.  The resulting cumulative translation adjustments are reported in other comprehensive loss.  Foreign currency transaction gains and losses are recognized in current operations.

Comprehensive (Loss) Income

Comprehensive (loss) income consists of net (loss) income and other gains and losses affecting stockholders’ equity that, under U.S. GAAP, are excluded from net income or loss.  For the Company, such items consist of foreign currency translation losses.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

In March 2016, the FASB issued ASU No 2016-09, Compensation - Stock Compensation (Topic 718) - Improvements to Employee Share-Based Payment Accounting (“ASU 2016-09”).  This ASU simplifies the accounting for share-based payment transactions, including the income tax consequences, classification of awards as either equity or liabilities, and classification on the statements of cash flows.  In addition, the guidance allows for a policy election to account for forfeitures as they occur rather than on an estimated basis.  The Company adopted ASU 2016-09 effective January 1, 2017 on a prospective basis, and has elected to continue to account for forfeitures on an estimated basis.  The adoption of this ASU did not have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial position, results of operations or cash flows.

In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842), which, for operating leases, requires the lessee to recognize a right-of-use asset and a lease liability, initially measured at the present value of the lease payments, in its balance sheet.  The guidance also requires a lessee to recognize single lease costs, calculated so that the cost of the lease is allocated over the lease term, on a generally straight-line basis.  This guidance will be effective for the Company in fiscal year 2019 and must be adopted using a modified retrospective transition approach.  Early adoption is permitted.  The Company is currently assessing the impact of this guidance will have on its consolidated financial statements.

In April 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-10, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606): Identifying Performance Obligations and Licensing (“ASU 2016-10”). In March 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-08, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606): Principal versus Agent Considerations (Reporting Revenue Gross versus Net) (“ASU 2016-08”).  These amendments provide additional clarification and implementation guidance on the previously issued ASU No. 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606), or (“ASU 2014-09”), which is based on principles that govern the recognition of revenue at an amount an entity expects to be entitled to when products are transferred to customers.  The amendments in ASU 2016-10 provide clarifying guidance on materiality of performance obligations; evaluating distinct performance obligations; treatment of shipping and handling costs; and determining whether an entity’s promise to grant a license provides a customer with either a right to use an entity’s intellectual property or a right to access an entity’s intellectual property.  The amendments in ASU 2016-08 clarify how an entity should identify the specified good or service for the principal versus agent evaluation and how it should apply the control principle to certain types of arrangements.  In May 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-12, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606): Narrow-Scope Improvements and Practical Expedients, which addresses certain issues on assessing collectability, presentation of sales taxes, noncash consideration, and completed contracts and contract modifications at transition.  In December 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-20, Technical Corrections and Improvements to Topic 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers, which makes technical corrections and improvements to the new revenue standard.  These ASUs will be effective for the Company in the first quarter of fiscal year 2018.  The guidance may be applied (i) retrospectively to each prior period presented, or (ii) retrospectively with the cumulative effect recognized as of the date of adoption.  The Company has selected the modified retrospective approach with the cumulative effect recorded in the period of initial application for the adoption of this standard.  The Company will recognize the cumulative effect of initially applying the new revenue standard as an adjustment to the opening balance of retained earnings.  The Company has formed an implementation work team and has completed an initial review of its revenue generating contracts and agreements to assess and quantify the impacts the adoption of ASU 2014-09 will have on the Company’s financial position and results of operations.  The adoption of ASU 2014-09 will also have an impact on the Company’s disclosures.

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In August 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-15, Classification of Certain Cash Receipts and Cash Payments, to reduce the diversity in practice with respect to the presentation of certain cash flows.  The ASU is effective for interim and annual periods beginning after December 15, 2017, with early adoption permitted. Adoption of the ASU is retrospective.  The Company does not expect the adoption of ASU 2016-15 to have a material impact on its condensed consolidated financial statements.

In November 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-18, Statement of Cash Flows (Topic 230): Restricted Cash (a consensus of the FASB Emerging Issues Task Force) (“ASU 2016-18”).  This guidance requires that a statement of cash flows explain the change during the period in the total of cash, cash equivalents, and amounts generally described as restricted cash or restricted cash equivalents.  Therefore, amounts generally described as restricted cash and restricted cash equivalents should be included with cash and cash equivalents when reconciling the beginning-of-period and end-of-period total amounts shown on the statement of cash flows. ASU 2016-18 is effective for all interim and annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2017.  Early adoption is permitted. The Company does not expect the adoption of ASU 2016-18 to have a material impact on its consolidated financial statements.

In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU No. 2017-01, Business Combinations (Topic 805): Clarifying the Definition of a Business (“ASU 2017-01”).  In an effort to clarify the definition of a business with the objective of adding guidance to assist entities with evaluating whether transactions should be accounted for as acquisitions (or disposals) of assets or businesses.  The amendments of ASU 2017-01 are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2017 and interim periods within those fiscal years.  The Company adopted ASU 2017-01 on January 1, 2017 on a prospective basis and the adoption of ASU 2017-01 did not have a material impact on its consolidated financial statements.

In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU No. 2017-04, Intangibles—Goodwill and Other (Topic 350): Simplifying the Test for Goodwill Impairment (“ASU 2017-04”).  This guidance eliminates Step 2 from the goodwill impairment test.  Instead, under the amendments in ASU 2017-04, an entity should perform its annual, or interim, goodwill impairment test by comparing the fair value of a reporting unit with its carrying amount.  An entity should recognize an impairment charge for the amount by which the carrying amount exceeds the reporting unit’s fair value; however, the loss recognized should not exceed the total amount of goodwill allocated to that reporting unit.  Additionally, an entity should consider income tax effects from any tax deductible goodwill on the carrying amount of the reporting unit when measuring the goodwill impairment loss, if applicable. ASU 2017-04 is effective for all interim and annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2019.  The Company adopted ASU No. 2017-04 on January 1, 2017 on a prospective basis.

In February 2017, the FASB issued ASU No. 2017-05, Other Income—Gains and Losses from the Derecognition of Nonfinancial Assets (Subtopic 610-20) Clarifying the Scope of Asset Derecognition Guidance and Accounting for Partial Sales of Nonfinancial Assets (“ASU 2017-05”).  ASU 2017-05 clarifies the scope of derecognition of assets, defines in substance nonfinancial asset, adds guidance for partial sales of nonfinancial assets and clarifies the recognition of gains and losses from the transfer of nonfinancial assets in contracts with noncustomers.  ASU 2017-05 will become effective for all interim and annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2018 and may be adopted using a full retrospective or a modified retrospective approach.  The Company is required to adopt the amendments in ASU 2017-05 at the same time it adopts the amendments in ASU 2014-09.  The Company does not expect the adoption of ASU 2017-05 to have a material impact on its condensed consolidated financial statements.

In May 2017, the FASB issued ASU No. 2017-09, Compensation—Stock Compensation (Topic 718): Scope of Modification Accounting (“ASU 2017-09”).  The amendments provide guidance about how to account for changes to terms or conditions of a share-based payment award required under modification accounting.  ASU 2017-09 is effective for all interim and annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2017. Early adoption is permitted.  Any updates will be applied prospectively.  The Company does not currently have modifications of share based payments.

3. NET LOSS PER SHARE

Basic and diluted net loss per share have been computed by dividing the net loss by the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding during the period, without consideration of common share equivalents as their effect would have been antidilutive.

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The following tables set forth the computation of the Company’s basic and diluted net loss per share (in thousands, except shares and per share data):

The Company issued 4,630,145 shares of preferred stock pursuant to the Private Placement and Subsequent Financing (as described in Note 12), which were completed on April 14, 2016 and June 15, 2016, respectively.  All of the preferred stock was converted to common stock upon receipt of the Requisite Stockholder Approval on June 16, 2016.  As of September 30, 2017, there was no preferred stock outstanding.  On September 26, 2016, the Company completed an underwritten public offering pursuant to which the Company issued and sold an aggregate of 2,250,000 shares of common stock.

The following potentially dilutive securities have been excluded from diluted net loss per share, because their effect would be antidilutive:

The above table does not include the 1,791,763 shares of common stock related to the Amendments to the Conditional Share Purchase Agreements, which issuance of shares is subject to shareholder approval by December 31, 2017.

4. FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS

The Company records its financial assets and liabilities at fair value except for its debt, which is recorded at amortized cost.  The carrying amounts of certain financial instruments of the Company, including cash and cash equivalents, prepaid expenses and other current assets, accounts payable and accrued liabilities, approximate fair value due to their relatively short maturities.  The accounting guidance for fair value provides a framework for measuring fair value, clarifies the definition of fair value, and expands disclosures regarding fair value measurements.  Fair value is defined as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability (an exit price) in an orderly transaction between market participants at the reporting date.  The accounting guidance establishes a three-tiered hierarchy, which prioritizes the inputs used in the valuation methodologies in measuring fair value as follows:

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The following table sets forth the Company’s financial assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis, as of September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016 (in thousands):

The following table presents the issuances, changes in fair value and reclassifications of the Company’s Level 3 financial instruments that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis (in thousands):

The Company recognizes transfers between levels of the fair value hierarchy as of the end of the reporting period.  There were no transfers between Level 1, Level 2 and Level 3 categories during the periods presented.

In determining fair value, the Company uses various valuation approaches within the fair value measurement framework.  The valuation methodologies used for the Company’s instruments measured at fair value and their classification in the valuation hierarchy are summarized below:

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The fair value of the contingent consideration increased by $0.6 million and $0.3 million in the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017, respectively, as a result of the increase in the Company’s common stock price during the period, and management’s estimate of the probability of meeting the milestone increasing to 95% at September 30, 2017 from 85% at June 30, 2017 and from 80% at December 31, 2016.

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Common Stock Warrant Liability and Derivative Liability Assumptions

The Company’s liabilities classified as Level 3 were valued based on unobservable inputs and management’s judgment due to the absence of quoted market prices, inherent lack of liquidity and the long-term nature of the financial instruments.

The Company has determined that debt at similar interest rates and terms to its current debt is not currently available to the Company and therefore the Company is unable to calculate the fair value of its debt at September 30, 2017.

5. BUSINESS COMBINATION

Allenex

On April 14, 2016, the Company acquired 98.3% of the outstanding common stock of Allenex. Allenex is a transplant diagnostic company based in Stockholm, Sweden that develops, manufactures, and sells products that help match donor organs with potential recipients prior to transplantation.  The acquisition of Allenex created an international transplant diagnostics company with product offerings along the pre- and post-transplant continuum.  The combined company has a presence and direct distribution channels in the United States and Europe, with additional third party distributors in Europe and other markets around the world. Under the terms of the Conditional Share Purchase Agreements entered into on December 16, 2015, as amended and the tender offer prospectus dated March 7, 2016, and as a result of the tender offer, the aggregate purchase consideration paid by the Company was approximately $34.1 million and consisted of (i) $26.9 million of cash, of which $5.7 million (which represents SEK 50,620,000 as of the acquisition date) was deferred purchase consideration originally payable to the Former Majority Shareholders by no later than March 31, 2017, subject to certain contingencies being met, and (ii) the issuance of 1,375,029 shares of the Company’s common stock valued at $7.2 million.

Of the total cash consideration, $8.0 million of cash payable to the Former Majority Shareholders was deposited into an escrow account by the Company and subsequently invested in the Company by the Former Majority Shareholders through a purchase of the

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Company’s equity securities in the Subsequent Financing (as described in Note 12).  Upon the completion of the Subsequent Financing, certain contingencies in the Conditional Share Purchase Agreements were waived.  The Company intends to complete compulsory acquisition proceedings under Swedish law to purchase the remaining shares of Allenex. On June 8, 2016, the Company delisted Allenex’s common stock from Nasdaq Stockholm.  The cash portion of the acquisition purchase price was paid from the Company’s general working capital. 

The date by which the deferred purchase consideration was due to the Former Majority Shareholders was subsequently extended to July 1, 2017.  In addition, interest began accruing on the Company’s obligations to the Former Majority Shareholders at a rate of 10.0% per year commencing on January 1, 2017.  On July 1, 2017, the deferred purchase consideration including accrued interest totaled $6.3 million (the “Deferred Obligation”).  On July 1, 2017, the Conditional Share Purchase Agreements were amended in order to, among other things: (i) convert approximately $1.1 million of the Deferred Obligation into 1,022,544 shares of the Company’s common stock at a per share price equal to $1.12; (ii) require that the Company make an immediate cash payment of $0.5 million thereby reducing the Deferred Obligation by $0.5 million; (iii) extend the maturity date of a portion of the obligations, totaling approximately $2.9 million, under the Conditional Share Purchase Agreements to March 31, 2019; and (iv) provide that approximately $2.1 million of the Deferred Obligation shall become payable on December 31, 2017 unless converted into shares of the Company’s common stock prior to that date, of which issuance of shares is subject to approval from the Company’s stockholders.  Interest began to accrue on the Deferred Obligation at a rate of 10% per annum commencing on July 1, 2017 with restrictions on any cash amortization repayments made to JGB, or replacement debt.  Upon such amortization payments, the Company is required to repay in cash a portion of the remaining amount of the Deferred Obligation at a ratio of 63 to 13.  The Company has accounted for this transaction as a business combination in exchange for total consideration of approximately $34.1 million.  Under business combination accounting, the total purchase price was allocated to Allenex’s net tangible and identifiable intangible assets based on their estimated fair values as of April 14, 2016.

The fair value of the remaining 1.7% of noncontrolling interest in Allenex was estimated to be approximately SEK 5,100,000, or approximately $0.6 million, as of April 14, 2016.  The fair value of the noncontrolling interest was determined based on the number of outstanding shares comprising the noncontrolling interest and Allenex’s stock price of SEK 2.48 per share as of the acquisition date. The noncontrolling interest is presented as a component of stockholders’ equity on the Company’s condensed consolidated balance sheets.

Acquisition of assets of Conexio Genomics Pty. Ltd

On January 20, 2017, the Company completed a transaction to acquire Conexio business assets that the Company required in order to continue selling the SBT product line.  The Company was the exclusive distributor of the Conexio SBT^TM product line for all countries excluding Australia.  The Company purchased rights to many of the assets, such as machinery, facilities leases, know-how and the opportunity to retain key Conexio employees to continue producing and selling the SBT line of products.  In the three months ended September 30, 2017, the Company paid $0.4 million for finished and unfinished goods purchased from Conexio.  In addition, the Company will make quarterly payments of 20% of the gross revenue from the sale of the SBT line of products up to an aggregate total of $0.7 million.  In the three months ended September 30, 2017, the Company paid $0.1 million, representing March and June quarterly payments.  The Company also assumed all obligations under the lease of the Conexio facilities, and any liabilities for product warranty claims up to $35,000.  The Company accounted for this transaction as a business combination.

The following table summarizes the fair values of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed as of the acquisition date (in thousands):

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The following table presents details of the identified intangible assets acquired at the acquisition date (in thousands):

Goodwill recorded from the acquisition of the Conexio business assets is primarily related to expected synergies.  The goodwill resulting from the acquisition is not deductible for tax purposes.  The post-acquisition results of operations of the Conexio business assets for the period from January 20, 2017 through September 30, 2017 are included in the Company’s consolidated statements of operations.

Unaudited Pro Forma Financial Information

The unaudited pro forma financial information in the table below summarizes the combined results for the Company and Allenex as if the companies were combined as of January 1, 2016.  The unaudited pro forma results of operations have been prepared for comparative purposes only and are not necessarily indicative of what would have occurred had the business combination been completed at the beginning of the period or of the results that may occur in the future.  Furthermore, the pro forma financial information does not reflect the impact of any reorganization or operating efficiencies resulting from combining the two companies (in thousands).

The unaudited pro forma financial information for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2016 was prepared using the acquisition method of accounting and has been adjusted to give effect to the pro forma events that are: (i) directly attributable to the acquisitions, (ii) factually supportable, and (iii) expected to have a continuing impact on the combined results.  The pro forma adjustments directly attributable to the acquisition of Allenex exclude acquisition-related expenses of $4.3 million and debt financing costs of $2.9 million relating to a proposed six-month bridge loan with Oberland Capital SA Davos LLC (“Oberland”) that did not materialize, together with the consequential tax effects.

6. GOODWILL AND INTANGIBLE ASSETS

Goodwill

Goodwill is recorded when the purchase price of an acquisition exceeds the fair value of the net tangible and identified intangible assets acquired.

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The following table presents details of the Company’s goodwill by reporting unit as of September 30, 2017 (in thousands):

The gross carrying amount of goodwill may change due to the effects of foreign currency fluctuations as a result of acquiring an entity with a functional currency other than the U.S. dollar.

Goodwill is tested annually for impairment at the reporting unit level during the fourth quarter and earlier upon the occurrence of certain events or substantive changes in circumstances.  A reporting unit is either the "operating segment level" or one level below, which is referred to as a "component."  The level at which the impairment test is performed requires judgment as to whether the operations below the operating segment constitute a self-sustaining business or whether the operations are similar such that they should be aggregated for purposes of the impairment test.  The Company has concluded that it has two reporting units: CareDx (associated with the delivery of diagnostic tests) and Olerup (the development and commercialization of diagnostic products).

On January 1, 2017, the Company adopted ASU 2017-04, which eliminated the Step 2 requirement of the goodwill impairment test. Instead, the goodwill impairment test is performed by comparing the fair value of a reporting unit with its carrying amount.  The new standard simplifies how an entity is required to test goodwill for impairment and reduces the cost and complexity of evaluating goodwill for impairment.  The Company determined that the decrease in its market capitalization constituted an indicator of impairment and therefore a goodwill impairment test was completed as of March 31, 2017.  The goodwill impairment test determined that the fair value of the Olerup reporting unit was $3.5 million, which was lower than its carrying value.  Accordingly, the Company recorded a goodwill impairment charge of $2.0 million as of March 31, 2017, which represented the remaining goodwill balance in the Olerup reporting unit.  The significant assumptions utilized in the March 31, 2017 discounted cash flow analysis for the Olerup reporting unit were a discount rate of 16.6%, a terminal growth rate of 3.2% and a capitalization multiple of 7.48.  There were no further indicators of impairment in the three months ended September 30, 2017 and therefore an impairment analysis was not completed at September 30, 2017.

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Intangible Assets

The following tables present details of the Company’s intangible assets as of September 30, 2017 (in thousands):

The net carrying amount of intangible assets and the related amortization expense of intangible assets may change due to the effects of foreign currency fluctuations as a result of acquiring an entity with a functional currency other than the U.S. dollar.  Amortization expense was $0.6 million and $0.6 million for the three months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively.  For the three months ended September 30, 2017, expenses of $0.4 million and $0.2 million were amortized to cost of product and sales and marketing, respectively.  For the three months ended September 30, 2016, expenses of $0.4 million and $0.2 million were amortized to cost of product and sales and marketing, respectively.  Amortization expense was $1.8 million and $1.1 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively.  For the nine months ended September 30, 2017, expenses of $1.1 million and $0.7 million were amortized to cost of product and sales and marketing, respectively.  For the nine months ended September 30, 2016, expenses of $0.6 million and $0.5 million were amortized to cost of product and sales and marketing, respectively.  

The following table summarizes the Company’s estimated future amortization expense of intangible assets with finite lives as of September 30, 2017 (in thousands):

7. INVENTORY

Inventory consisted of the following (in thousands):

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8. ACCRUED AND OTHER LIABILITIES

Accrued and other liabilities consisted of the following (in thousands):