Cencora, Inc. - Quarter Report: 2020 March (Form 10-Q)
UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM 10-Q
☒ QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
FOR THE QUARTERLY PERIOD ENDED March 31, 2020
OR
☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
FOR THE TRANSITION PERIOD FROM ___________ TO___________
Commission file number 1-16671
AMERISOURCEBERGEN CORPORATION
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
Delaware | 23-3079390 | |||
(State or other jurisdiction of | (I.R.S. Employer | |||
incorporation or organization) | Identification No.) | |||
1300 Morris Drive | Chesterbrook, | PA | 19087-5594 | |
(Address of principal executive offices) | (Zip Code) | |||
(610) 727-7000
(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
Title of each class | Trading Symbol(s) | Name of exchange on which registered | |
Common stock | ABC | New York Stock Exchange | (NYSE) |
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ý No o
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ý No o
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).
Large accelerated filer ý Accelerated filer o Non-accelerated filer o Smaller reporting company ☐
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No ý
The number of shares of common stock of AmerisourceBergen Corporation outstanding as of May 4, 2020 was 203,402,770.
AMERISOURCEBERGEN CORPORATION
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page No. | |
1
PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION
ITEM I. Financial Statements (Unaudited)
AMERISOURCEBERGEN CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
See notes to consolidated financial statements.
(in thousands, except share and per share data) | March 31, 2020 | September 30, 2019 | ||||||
(Unaudited) | ||||||||
ASSETS | ||||||||
Current assets: | ||||||||
Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 3,691,938 | $ | 3,374,194 | ||||
Accounts receivable, less allowances for returns and doubtful accounts: $1,389,812 as of March 31, 2020 and $1,222,906 as of September 30, 2019 | 14,210,170 | 12,386,879 | ||||||
Inventories | 11,102,566 | 11,060,254 | ||||||
Right to recover asset | 1,301,108 | 1,147,483 | ||||||
Income tax receivable (Note 4) | 699,494 | 5,859 | ||||||
Prepaid expenses and other | 175,374 | 157,385 | ||||||
Total current assets | 31,180,650 | 28,132,054 | ||||||
Property and equipment, net | 1,421,768 | 1,770,516 | ||||||
Goodwill | 6,704,133 | 6,705,507 | ||||||
Other intangible assets | 1,935,448 | 2,294,836 | ||||||
Other assets | 800,263 | 269,067 | ||||||
TOTAL ASSETS | $ | 42,042,262 | $ | 39,171,980 | ||||
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY | ||||||||
Current liabilities: | ||||||||
Accounts payable | $ | 30,719,987 | $ | 28,385,074 | ||||
Accrued expenses and other | 868,996 | 1,057,208 | ||||||
Short-term debt | 522,807 | 139,012 | ||||||
Total current liabilities | 32,111,790 | 29,581,294 | ||||||
Long-term debt | 3,622,387 | 4,033,880 | ||||||
Long-term financing obligation (Note 1) | — | 320,518 | ||||||
Accrued income taxes | 279,403 | 284,075 | ||||||
Deferred income taxes | 1,843,910 | 1,860,195 | ||||||
Other liabilities | 479,659 | 98,812 | ||||||
Commitments and contingencies (Note 10) | ||||||||
Stockholders’ equity: | ||||||||
Common stock, $0.01 par value - authorized, issued, and outstanding: 600,000,000 shares, 286,754,370 shares, and 203,351,729 shares as of March 31, 2020, respectively, and 600,000,000 shares, 285,295,170 shares, and 206,760,654 shares as of September 30, 2019, respectively | 2,868 | 2,853 | ||||||
Additional paid-in capital | 4,972,109 | 4,850,142 | ||||||
Retained earnings | 5,248,005 | 4,235,491 | ||||||
Accumulated other comprehensive loss | (132,808 | ) | (111,965 | ) | ||||
Treasury stock, at cost: 83,402,641 shares as of March 31, 2020 and 78,534,516 shares as of September 30, 2019 | (6,499,584 | ) | (6,097,604 | ) | ||||
Total AmerisourceBergen Corporation stockholders' equity | 3,590,590 | 2,878,917 | ||||||
Noncontrolling interest | 114,523 | 114,289 | ||||||
Total equity | 3,705,113 | 2,993,206 | ||||||
TOTAL LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY | $ | 42,042,262 | $ | 39,171,980 | ||||
2
AMERISOURCEBERGEN CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
(Unaudited)
Three months ended March 31, | Six months ended March 31, | |||||||||||||||
(in thousands, except per share data) | 2020 | 2019 | 2020 | 2019 | ||||||||||||
Revenue | $ | 47,417,639 | $ | 43,319,602 | $ | 95,282,381 | $ | 88,712,054 | ||||||||
Cost of goods sold | 46,029,532 | 41,894,846 | 92,663,060 | 85,989,718 | ||||||||||||
Gross profit | 1,388,107 | 1,424,756 | 2,619,321 | 2,722,336 | ||||||||||||
Operating expenses: | ||||||||||||||||
Distribution, selling, and administrative | 693,413 | 628,036 | 1,379,366 | 1,284,621 | ||||||||||||
Depreciation | 69,796 | 75,219 | 139,040 | 150,581 | ||||||||||||
Amortization | 23,999 | 48,547 | 59,270 | 95,685 | ||||||||||||
Employee severance, litigation, and other | 67,732 | 55,389 | 107,041 | 96,061 | ||||||||||||
Impairment of PharMEDium assets (Note 5) | 223,652 | 570,000 | 361,652 | 570,000 | ||||||||||||
Operating income | 309,515 | 47,565 | 572,952 | 525,388 | ||||||||||||
Other (income) loss | (1,109 | ) | (14,494 | ) | 1,733 | (11,397 | ) | |||||||||
Interest expense, net | 34,421 | 43,275 | 65,428 | 85,445 | ||||||||||||
Income before income taxes | 276,203 | 18,784 | 505,791 | 451,340 | ||||||||||||
Income tax (benefit) expense | (694,908 | ) | (9,289 | ) | (651,888 | ) | 31,514 | |||||||||
Net income | 971,111 | 28,073 | 1,157,679 | 419,826 | ||||||||||||
Net (income) loss attributable to noncontrolling interest | (10,834 | ) | (938 | ) | (9,762 | ) | 961 | |||||||||
Net income attributable to AmerisourceBergen Corporation | $ | 960,277 | $ | 27,135 | $ | 1,147,917 | $ | 420,787 | ||||||||
Earnings per share: | ||||||||||||||||
Basic | $ | 4.68 | $ | 0.13 | $ | 5.58 | $ | 1.99 | ||||||||
Diluted | $ | 4.64 | $ | 0.13 | $ | 5.54 | $ | 1.97 | ||||||||
Weighted average common shares outstanding: | ||||||||||||||||
Basic | 205,370 | 210,934 | 205,693 | 211,503 | ||||||||||||
Diluted | 207,062 | 212,563 | 207,293 | 213,275 | ||||||||||||
Cash dividends declared per share of common stock | $ | 0.42 | $ | 0.40 | $ | 0.82 | $ | 0.80 | ||||||||
See notes to consolidated financial statements.
3
AMERISOURCEBERGEN CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME
(Unaudited)
Three months ended March 31, | Six months ended March 31, | |||||||||||||||
(in thousands) | 2020 | 2019 | 2020 | 2019 | ||||||||||||
Net income | $ | 971,111 | $ | 28,073 | $ | 1,157,679 | $ | 419,826 | ||||||||
Other comprehensive (loss) income | ||||||||||||||||
Foreign currency translation adjustments | (55,858 | ) | 7,414 | (30,405 | ) | (3,960 | ) | |||||||||
Other | 15 | 225 | 34 | 113 | ||||||||||||
Total other comprehensive (loss) income | (55,843 | ) | 7,639 | (30,371 | ) | (3,847 | ) | |||||||||
Total comprehensive income | 915,268 | 35,712 | 1,127,308 | 415,979 | ||||||||||||
Comprehensive income attributable to noncontrolling interest | (68 | ) | (836 | ) | (234 | ) | (1,081 | ) | ||||||||
Comprehensive income attributable to AmerisourceBergen Corporation | $ | 915,200 | $ | 34,876 | $ | 1,127,074 | $ | 414,898 | ||||||||
See notes to consolidated financial statements.
4
AMERISOURCEBERGEN CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY
(Unaudited)
(in thousands, except per share data) | Common Stock | Additional Paid-in Capital | Retained Earnings | Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss | Treasury Stock | Noncontrolling Interest | Total | |||||||||||||||||||||
December 31, 2019 | $ | 2,860 | $ | 4,901,291 | $ | 4,375,181 | $ | (87,731 | ) | $ | (6,236,975 | ) | $ | 114,455 | $ | 3,069,081 | ||||||||||||
Net income | — | — | 960,277 | — | — | 10,834 | 971,111 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Other comprehensive loss | — | — | — | (45,077 | ) | — | (10,766 | ) | (55,843 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||
Cash dividends, $0.42 per share | — | — | (87,453 | ) | — | — | — | (87,453 | ) | |||||||||||||||||||
Exercises of stock options | 8 | 56,636 | — | — | — | — | 56,644 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Share-based compensation expense | — | 14,389 | — | — | — | — | 14,389 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Purchases of common stock | — | — | — | — | (262,620 | ) | — | (262,620 | ) | |||||||||||||||||||
Employee tax withholdings related to restricted share vesting | — | — | — | — | 11 | — | 11 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Other | — | (207 | ) | — | — | — | — | (207 | ) | |||||||||||||||||||
March 31, 2020 | $ | 2,868 | $ | 4,972,109 | $ | 5,248,005 | $ | (132,808 | ) | $ | (6,499,584 | ) | $ | 114,523 | $ | 3,705,113 | ||||||||||||
(in thousands, except per share data) | Common Stock | Additional Paid-in Capital | Retained Earnings | Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss | Treasury Stock | Noncontrolling Interest | Total | |||||||||||||||||||||
December 31, 2018 | $ | 2,842 | $ | 4,769,595 | $ | 4,027,217 | $ | (92,883 | ) | $ | (5,658,318 | ) | $ | 116,280 | $ | 3,164,733 | ||||||||||||
Net income | — | — | 27,135 | — | — | 938 | 28,073 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Other comprehensive income (loss) | — | — | — | 7,741 | — | (102 | ) | 7,639 | ||||||||||||||||||||
Cash dividends, $0.40 per share | — | — | (84,893 | ) | — | — | — | (84,893 | ) | |||||||||||||||||||
Exercises of stock options | 4 | 15,186 | — | — | — | — | 15,190 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Share-based compensation expense | — | 6,101 | — | — | — | — | 6,101 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Purchases of common stock | — | — | — | — | (98,124 | ) | — | (98,124 | ) | |||||||||||||||||||
Employee tax withholdings related to restricted share vesting | — | — | — | — | (13 | ) | — | (13 | ) | |||||||||||||||||||
Other | — | (375 | ) | — | — | — | — | (375 | ) | |||||||||||||||||||
March 31, 2019 | $ | 2,846 | $ | 4,790,507 | $ | 3,969,459 | $ | (85,142 | ) | $ | (5,756,455 | ) | $ | 117,116 | $ | 3,038,331 | ||||||||||||
See notes to consolidated financial statements.
5
AMERISOURCEBERGEN CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY
(Unaudited)
(in thousands, except per share data) | Common Stock | Additional Paid-in Capital | Retained Earnings | Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss | Treasury Stock | Noncontrolling Interest | Total | |||||||||||||||||||||
September 30, 2019 | $ | 2,853 | $ | 4,850,142 | $ | 4,235,491 | $ | (111,965 | ) | $ | (6,097,604 | ) | $ | 114,289 | $ | 2,993,206 | ||||||||||||
Adoption of ASC 842, net of tax (Note 1) | — | — | 35,138 | — | — | — | 35,138 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Net income | — | — | 1,147,917 | — | — | 9,762 | 1,157,679 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Other comprehensive loss | — | — | — | (20,843 | ) | — | (9,528 | ) | (30,371 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||
Cash dividends, $0.82 per share | — | — | (170,541 | ) | — | — | — | (170,541 | ) | |||||||||||||||||||
Exercises of stock options | 11 | 76,746 | — | — | — | — | 76,757 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Share-based compensation expense | — | 45,763 | — | — | — | — | 45,763 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Purchases of common stock | — | — | — | — | (392,395 | ) | — | (392,395 | ) | |||||||||||||||||||
Employee tax withholdings related to restricted share vesting | — | — | — | — | (9,585 | ) | — | (9,585 | ) | |||||||||||||||||||
Other | 4 | (542 | ) | — | — | — | — | (538 | ) | |||||||||||||||||||
March 31, 2020 | $ | 2,868 | $ | 4,972,109 | $ | 5,248,005 | $ | (132,808 | ) | $ | (6,499,584 | ) | $ | 114,523 | $ | 3,705,113 | ||||||||||||
(in thousands, except per share data) | Common Stock | Additional Paid-in Capital | Retained Earnings | Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss | Treasury Stock | Noncontrolling Interest | Total | |||||||||||||||||||||
September 30, 2018 | $ | 2,836 | $ | 4,715,473 | $ | 3,720,582 | $ | (79,253 | ) | $ | (5,426,814 | ) | $ | 117,137 | $ | 3,049,961 | ||||||||||||
Adoption of ASC 606 | — | — | (1,482 | ) | — | — | (1,102 | ) | (2,584 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||
Net income (loss) | — | — | 420,787 | — | — | (961 | ) | 419,826 | ||||||||||||||||||||
Other comprehensive (loss) income | — | — | — | (5,889 | ) | — | 2,042 | (3,847 | ) | |||||||||||||||||||
Cash dividends, $0.80 per share | — | — | (170,428 | ) | — | — | — | (170,428 | ) | |||||||||||||||||||
Exercises of stock options | 8 | 37,582 | — | — | — | — | 37,590 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Share-based compensation expense | — | 37,869 | — | — | — | — | 37,869 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Purchases of common stock | — | — | — | — | (323,974 | ) | — | (323,974 | ) | |||||||||||||||||||
Employee tax withholdings related to restricted share vesting | — | — | — | — | (5,667 | ) | — | (5,667 | ) | |||||||||||||||||||
Other | 2 | (417 | ) | — | — | — | — | (415 | ) | |||||||||||||||||||
March 31, 2019 | $ | 2,846 | $ | 4,790,507 | $ | 3,969,459 | $ | (85,142 | ) | $ | (5,756,455 | ) | $ | 117,116 | $ | 3,038,331 | ||||||||||||
See notes to consolidated financial statements.
6
AMERISOURCEBERGEN CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(Unaudited)
Six months ended March 31, | ||||||||
(in thousands) | 2020 | 2019 | ||||||
OPERATING ACTIVITIES | ||||||||
Net income | $ | 1,157,679 | $ | 419,826 | ||||
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities: | ||||||||
Depreciation, including amounts charged to cost of goods sold | 143,604 | 171,789 | ||||||
Amortization, including amounts charged to interest expense | 66,564 | 100,040 | ||||||
Provision for doubtful accounts | 22,144 | 10,892 | ||||||
(Benefit) provision for deferred income taxes | (21,568 | ) | 24,949 | |||||
Share-based compensation | 45,763 | 37,869 | ||||||
LIFO expense (credit) | 37,134 | (69,834 | ) | |||||
Impairment of PharMEDium assets | 361,652 | 570,000 | ||||||
Gain on sale of an equity investment | — | (13,692 | ) | |||||
Other | (11,312 | ) | (11,610 | ) | ||||
Changes in operating assets and liabilities, excluding the effects of acquisitions: | ||||||||
Accounts receivable | (2,052,216 | ) | (880,805 | ) | ||||
Inventories | (152,359 | ) | (420,190 | ) | ||||
Income tax receivable | (693,635 | ) | 522 | |||||
Prepaid expenses and other assets | 1,580 | (17,436 | ) | |||||
Accounts payable | 2,395,847 | 1,350,728 | ||||||
Accrued expenses, accrued income taxes, and other liabilities | (305,170 | ) | (169,716 | ) | ||||
NET CASH PROVIDED BY OPERATING ACTIVITIES | 995,707 | 1,103,332 | ||||||
INVESTING ACTIVITIES | ||||||||
Capital expenditures | (144,382 | ) | (161,488 | ) | ||||
Cost of acquired companies, net of cash acquired | — | (52,398 | ) | |||||
Cost of equity investments | (30,580 | ) | — | |||||
Other | 7,162 | 2,659 | ||||||
NET CASH USED IN INVESTING ACTIVITIES | (167,800 | ) | (211,227 | ) | ||||
FINANCING ACTIVITIES | ||||||||
Senior notes and other loan borrowings | 46,396 | 439,181 | ||||||
Senior notes and other loan repayments | (46,146 | ) | (456,591 | ) | ||||
Borrowings under revolving and securitization credit facilities | 87,954 | 541,066 | ||||||
Repayments under revolving and securitization credit facilities | (87,257 | ) | (539,673 | ) | ||||
Purchases of common stock | (407,152 | ) | (347,959 | ) | ||||
Exercises of stock options | 76,757 | 37,590 | ||||||
Cash dividends on common stock | (170,541 | ) | (170,428 | ) | ||||
Tax withholdings related to restricted share vesting | (9,585 | ) | (5,667 | ) | ||||
Other | (589 | ) | (6,390 | ) | ||||
NET CASH USED IN FINANCING ACTIVITIES | (510,163 | ) | (508,871 | ) | ||||
INCREASE IN CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS | 317,744 | 383,234 | ||||||
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period | 3,374,194 | 2,492,516 | ||||||
CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS AT END OF PERIOD | $ | 3,691,938 | $ | 2,875,750 | ||||
See notes to consolidated financial statements.
7
AMERISOURCEBERGEN CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Unaudited)
Note 1. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
Basis of Presentation
The accompanying financial statements present the consolidated financial position, results of operations, and cash flows of AmerisourceBergen Corporation and its subsidiaries, including less-than-wholly-owned subsidiaries in which AmerisourceBergen Corporation has a controlling financial interest (the "Company"), as of the dates and for the periods indicated. All intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.
The accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements have been prepared in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles ("GAAP") for interim financial information, the instructions to Form 10-Q, and Rule 10-01 of Regulation S-X. In the opinion of management, all adjustments (consisting only of normal recurring accruals, except as otherwise disclosed herein) considered necessary to present fairly the financial position as of March 31, 2020 and the results of operations and cash flows for the interim periods ended March 31, 2020 and 2019 have been included. Certain information and footnote disclosures normally included in financial statements presented in accordance with U.S. GAAP, but which are not required for interim reporting purposes, have been omitted. The accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the financial statements and notes thereto included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended September 30, 2019.
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect amounts reported in the financial statements and accompanying notes. Actual amounts could differ from these estimated amounts. Certain reclassifications have been made to prior-period amounts in order to conform to the current year presentation.
In March 2020, the World Health Organization ("WHO") declared a global pandemic attributable to the outbreak and continued spread of COVID-19. In connection with the mitigation and containment procedures recommended by the WHO and imposed by federal, state, and local governmental authorities, the Company implemented measures designed to keep its employees safe and address business continuity issues at its distribution centers and other locations. The Company continues to evaluate and plan for the potential effects of a prolonged disruption and the related impacts on its revenue, results of operations, and cash flows. These items include, but are not limited to, the financial condition of its customers and the realization of accounts receivable, decreased availability and demand for its products and services, and delays related to current and future projects. While the Company's operational and financial performance may be significantly impacted by COVID-19, it is not possible for the Company to predict the duration or magnitude of the outbreak and whether it could have a material adverse impact on the Company's financial position, results of operations, or cash flows. See Part II. Other Information-Item 1A. Risk Factors of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for additional information.
Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements
In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-02, "Leases (Topic 842)" ("ASU 2016-02" or "ASC 842"). ASU 2016-02 aims to increase transparency and comparability across organizations by requiring lease assets and lease liabilities to be recognized on the balance sheet as well as key information to be disclosed regarding lease arrangements. ASU 2016-02 was effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2018 and interim periods within those fiscal years.
The Company adopted ASC 842 as of October 1, 2019 and adopted it using the modified retrospective approach. The Company elected the transition package of practical expedients provided within the amended guidance, which eliminated the requirements to reassess lease identification, lease classification, and initial direct costs for leases that commenced before the effective date. The Company also elected to combine lease and non-lease components and to exclude short-term leases from its consolidated balance sheets. The Company did not elect the hindsight practical expedient in determining the lease term.
8
In connection with the adoption of ASC 842, the Company recognized operating lease liabilities of $562.1 million, right-of-use ("ROU") assets of $526.3 million, and a $35.1 million, net of tax of $9.6 million, cumulative adjustment to retained earnings. The Company's lease liabilities were based on the present value of the remaining minimum lease commitments using the Company's incremental borrowing rates as of October 1, 2019, and the Company's ROU assets were based upon the operating lease liabilities adjusted for prepaid and deferred rents. The cumulative adjustment to retained earnings was primarily the result of derecognizing assets of $266.0 million in Property and Equipment, Net and $324.8 million of financing obligations in Long-Term Financing Obligation and Accrued Expenses and Other, all of which was associated with leased assets where the Company was deemed the owner of the leased assets for accounting purposes. The Company finalized the impact that the amended lease guidance had on its systems, processes, and internal controls. The adoption of ASC 842 did not and will not have a material impact on its results of operations or cash flows.
For the Company's lease accounting policy and other required disclosures, refer to Note 2.
Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements Not Yet Adopted
In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-13, "Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments" ("ASU 2016-13"). ASU 2016-13 requires financial assets measured at amortized cost to be presented at the net amount expected to be collected. The measurement of expected credit losses is based on relevant information about past events, including historical experience, current conditions, and reasonable and supportable forecasts that affect the collectibility of the reported amounts. An entity must use judgment in determining the relevant information and estimation methods that are appropriate in its circumstances. ASU 2016-13 is effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2019, including interim periods within those fiscal years, and a modified retrospective approach is required, with a cumulative-effect adjustment to retained earnings as of the beginning of the first reporting period in which the guidance is effective. Entities are permitted to adopt the standard early in fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of adopting this new accounting guidance.
In December 2019, the FASB issued ASU No. 2019-12, "Income Taxes (Topic 740): Simplifying the Accounting for Income Taxes" ("ASU 2019-12"). ASU 2019-12 removes certain exceptions to the general principles in ASC 740 in order to reduce the cost and complexity of its application. ASU 2019-12 is effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2020, including interim periods within those fiscal years, with certain amendments applied on a modified retrospective basis, with a cumulative-effect adjustment to retained earnings as of the beginning of the fiscal year of adoption, and others prospectively. Early adoption of this guidance is permitted, including the adoption in any interim period for public companies for periods for which financial statements have not yet been issued. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of adopting this new accounting guidance.
As of March 31, 2020, there were no other recently-issued accounting standards that may have a material impact on the Company’s financial position, results of operations, or cash flows upon their adoption.
Note 2. Leases
At the inception of an arrangement, the Company determines whether the arrangement is or contains a lease based on the facts and circumstances present. Leases are classified as either finance or operating, with classification affecting the pattern of expense recognition in the income statement. At the lease commencement date, operating and finance lease liabilities and their corresponding ROU assets are recorded based on the present value of lease payments over the expected lease term. The interest rate implicit in lease contracts is typically not readily determinable and, as such, the Company uses its incremental borrowing rate to discount the lease liabilities, which is the rate incurred to borrow on a collateralized basis over a similar term in a similar economic environment. Certain adjustments to the ROU asset may be required for items such as incentives received. The Company does not recognize on the balance sheet leases with terms of one year or less.
The Company has operating leases that are primarily comprised of buildings, office equipment, distribution center equipment, and vehicles. Some of the Company's leases include options to extend or early terminate the lease, which are included in the lease term when it is reasonably certain to exercise and there is a significant economic incentive to exercise that option. Certain lease agreements contain provisions for future rent increases. Lease payments included in the measurement of the lease liability comprise fixed payments. The Company combines lease and non-lease components as a single component. Operating lease cost is recognized over the expected lease term on a straight-line basis. Variable lease payments, which are primarily comprised of maintenance, taxes, and other payments based on usage, are recognized when the expense is incurred. The Company's leases do not contain residual value guarantees.
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The following illustrates the components of lease cost for the periods presented:
(in thousands) | Three months ended March 31, 2020 | Six months ended March 31, 2020 | |||||
Operating lease cost | $ | 30,772 | $ | 60,707 | |||
Short-term lease cost | 1,265 | 2,791 | |||||
Variable lease cost | 3,688 | 8,544 | |||||
Total lease cost | $ | 35,725 | $ | 72,042 | |||
The Company recorded rental expense of $27.1 million and $53.9 million in the three and six months ended March 31, 2019, respectively.
The following summarizes balance sheet information related to operating leases:
(in thousands, except for lease term and discount rate) | March 31, 2020 | |||
Right of use assets | ||||
Other assets | $ | 484,933 | ||
Lease liabilities | ||||
Accrued expenses and other | $ | 97,897 | ||
Other long-term liabilities | 428,061 | |||
Total lease liabilities | $ | 525,958 | ||
Weighted-average remaining lease term | 7.49 years | |||
Weighted-average discount rate | 3.64% | |||
Other cash flow information related to operating leases is as follows:
(in thousands) | Six months ended March 31, 2020 | |||
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities | ||||
Operating lease cash payments | $ | 57,390 | ||
Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for lease liabilities | ||||
New operating leases | $ | 32,539 | ||
Leases recognized upon adoption of ASC 842 | $ | 526,281 | ||
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Future minimum rental payments under noncancellable operating leases were as follows:
Payments Due by Fiscal Year (in thousands) | As of March 31, 2020 | |||
2020 | $ | 59,278 | ||
2021 | 114,431 | |||
2022 | 109,373 | |||
2023 | 99,508 | |||
2024 | 91,790 | |||
Thereafter | 461,110 | |||
Total future undiscounted lease payments | 935,490 | |||
Less: Future payments for leases that have not yet commenced 1 | (300,346 | ) | ||
Less: Imputed interest | (109,186 | ) | ||
Total lease liabilities | $ | 525,958 | ||
1 The Company has certain leases that it has executed for which it does not control the underlying assets; therefore, lease liabilities and ROU assets were not recorded on the Company's Consolidated Balance Sheet as of March 31, 2020. These future commitments primarily relate to the Company's new general corporate and administrative office. | ||||
As previously disclosed in the Company's fiscal 2019 Annual Report on Form 10-K under the prior accounting guidance, the future minimum rental payments under noncancellable operating leases and financing obligations as of September 30, 2019 were as follows:
Payments Due by Fiscal Year (in thousands) | Operating Leases | Financing Obligations 1 | Total | |||||||||
2020 | $ | 94,958 | $ | 22,468 | $ | 117,426 | ||||||
2021 | 84,002 | 29,790 | 113,792 | |||||||||
2022 | 72,224 | 36,914 | 109,138 | |||||||||
2023 | 63,507 | 35,950 | 99,457 | |||||||||
2024 | 56,377 | 35,276 | 91,653 | |||||||||
Thereafter | 177,267 | 270,410 | 447,677 | |||||||||
Total minimum lease payments | $ | 548,335 | $ | 430,808 | $ | 979,143 | ||||||
1 Represents the portion of future minimum lease payments related to facility leases where the Company was determined to be the accounting owner (see Note 1 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended September 30, 2019 for a more detailed description of the Company's accounting for leases prior to the adoption of ASC 842). These payments were recognized as reductions to the financing obligation and as interest expense and excluded the future non-cash termination of the financing obligation. | ||||||||||||
Note 3. Variable Interest Entity
The Company has substantial governance rights over Profarma Distribuidora de Produtos Farmacêuticos S.A. ("Profarma"), which allow it to direct the activities that significantly impact Profarma’s economic performance. As such, the Company consolidates the operating results of Profarma in its consolidated financial statements. The Company is not obligated to provide future financial support to Profarma.
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The following assets and liabilities of Profarma are included in the Company's Consolidated Balance Sheets:
(in thousands) | March 31, 2020 | September 30, 2019 | ||||||
Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 15,589 | $ | 9,431 | ||||
Accounts receivables, net | 129,875 | 154,491 | ||||||
Inventories | 164,998 | 185,602 | ||||||
Prepaid expenses and other | 57,821 | 64,119 | ||||||
Property and equipment, net | 24,700 | 30,961 | ||||||
Goodwill | 82,309 | 82,309 | ||||||
Other intangible assets | 75,655 | 74,429 | ||||||
Other long-term assets | 53,381 | 9,169 | ||||||
Total assets | $ | 604,328 | $ | 610,511 | ||||
Accounts payable | $ | 168,452 | $ | 165,053 | ||||
Accrued expenses and other | 34,141 | 49,191 | ||||||
Short-term debt | 90,496 | 106,439 | ||||||
Long-term debt | 47,768 | 60,973 | ||||||
Deferred income taxes | 36,858 | 42,371 | ||||||
Other long-term liabilities | 40,886 | 5,303 | ||||||
Total liabilities | $ | 418,601 | $ | 429,330 | ||||
Profarma's assets can only be used to settle its obligations, and its creditors do not have recourse to the general credit of the Company.
Note 4. Income Taxes
The Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act
The Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security ("CARES") Act became law on March 27, 2020. The CARES Act was a response to the market volatility and instability resulting from the coronavirus pandemic and includes provisions to support businesses in the form of loans, grants, and tax changes, among other types of relief that were not previously available under the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017 (the "2017 Tax Act"). As it relates to the Company, the CARES Act provides relief through adjustments to net operating loss rules and the acceleration of available refunds for alternative minimum tax credit carryforwards.
PharMEDium
As discussed in Note 5, the Company decided in January 2020 to shut down and permanently exit the PharMEDium Healthcare Holdings LLC ("PharMEDium") compounding business. Following the decision to exit PharMEDium and in connection with the permanent shutdown of this business, PharMEDium underwent a voluntary change in tax status, which resulted in the Company recognizing a worthless stock ordinary income tax deduction of approximately $2.5 billion and, in turn, yielded a tax benefit of approximately $675 million. The estimated tax benefit is higher than it would have been prior to the enactment of the CARES Act as the net operating losses resulting from the worthless stock deduction can now be carried back to years with higher statutory tax rates.
In addition to the PharMEDium worthless stock deduction, the Company recognized other discrete tax benefits primarily resulting from the CARES Act. In the aggregate, the Company recognized discrete tax benefits of $741.0 million in the three and six months ended March 31, 2020.
The Company's March 31, 2020 Consolidated Balance Sheet has a net current income tax receivable balance of $699.5 million primarily resulting from the recognition of the above discrete tax benefits.
Other Information
The Company files income tax returns in U.S. federal and state jurisdictions as well as various foreign jurisdictions. As of March 31, 2020, the Company had unrecognized tax benefits, defined as the aggregate tax effect of differences between tax return positions and the benefits recognized in the Company’s financial statements, of $121.5 million ($88.7 million, net of federal
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benefit). If recognized, $70.4 million of these tax benefits would have reduced income tax expense and the effective tax rate. Included in this amount is $19.2 million of interest and penalties, which the Company records in Income Tax Expense in the Company's Consolidated Statements of Operations. In the six months ended March 31, 2020, unrecognized tax benefits decreased by $2.8 million. Over the next 12 months, it is reasonably possible that tax authority audit resolutions and the expiration of statutes of limitations could result in a reduction of unrecognized tax benefits of approximately $14.0 million.
The Company's effective tax rates were (251.6)% and (128.9)% for the three and six months ended March 31, 2020, respectively. The Company's effective tax rates were (49.5)% and 7.0% for the three and six months ended March 31, 2019, respectively. The effective tax rates in the three and six months ended March 31, 2020 were lower than the U.S. statutory rate due to the tax benefits associated with the discrete items described above and due to a higher mix of foreign earnings at lower tax rates in Switzerland and Ireland since U.S. earnings were lower principally due to the impairment of PharMEDium's assets (see Note 5) in the three and six months ended March 31, 2020. The effective tax rates in the three and six months ended March 31, 2019 were lower than the U.S. statutory rate due to a higher mix of foreign earnings at lower tax rates in Switzerland and Ireland since U.S. earnings were lower principally due to the $570.0 million impairment of PharMEDium's assets. The effective tax rate in the six months ended March 31, 2019 also benefited from a $37.0 million decrease to the Company's finalization of the estimated transition tax liability related to the 2017 Tax Act.
Note 5. Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets
The following is a summary of the changes in the carrying value of goodwill, by reportable segment, for the six months ended March 31, 2020:
(in thousands) | Pharmaceutical Distribution Services | Other | Total | |||||||||
Goodwill as of September 30, 2019 | $ | 4,852,775 | $ | 1,852,732 | $ | 6,705,507 | ||||||
Foreign currency translation | — | (1,374 | ) | (1,374 | ) | |||||||
Goodwill as of March 31, 2020 | $ | 4,852,775 | $ | 1,851,358 | $ | 6,704,133 | ||||||
The following is a summary of other intangible assets:
March 31, 2020 | September 30, 2019 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
(in thousands) | Weighted Average Remaining Useful Life | Gross Carrying Amount | Accumulated Amortization | Net Carrying Amount | Gross Carrying Amount | Accumulated Amortization | Net Carrying Amount | |||||||||||||||||||
Indefinite-lived trade names | $ | 685,198 | $ | — | $ | 685,198 | $ | 685,324 | $ | — | $ | 685,324 | ||||||||||||||
Finite-lived: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Customer relationships | 14 years | 1,670,249 | (520,094 | ) | 1,150,155 | 1,931,212 | (489,471 | ) | 1,441,741 | |||||||||||||||||
Trade names and other | 14 years | 209,204 | (109,109 | ) | 100,095 | 271,521 | (103,750 | ) | 167,771 | |||||||||||||||||
Total other intangible assets | $ | 2,564,651 | $ | (629,203 | ) | $ | 1,935,448 | $ | 2,888,057 | $ | (593,221 | ) | $ | 2,294,836 | ||||||||||||
Amortization expense for finite-lived intangible assets was $24.0 million and $48.5 million in the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively. Amortization expense for finite-lived intangible assets was $59.3 million and $95.7 million in the six months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively. Amortization expense for finite-lived intangible assets is estimated to be $111.1 million in fiscal 2020, $101.5 million in fiscal 2021, $99.9 million in fiscal 2022, $98.4 million in fiscal 2023, $97.3 million in fiscal 2024, and $801.4 million thereafter.
As a result of the continued suspension of the production activities at PharMEDium's compounding facility located in Memphis, Tennessee, certain regulatory matters, ongoing operational challenges, and lower-than-expected operating results, the Company updated its recoverability assessment of PharMEDium’s long-lived assets as of December 31, 2019. The recoverability assessment was based upon comparing PharMEDium's forecasted undiscounted cash flows to the carrying value of its asset group. The PharMEDium asset group is included in the Pharmaceutical Distribution Services reportable segment. Using forecasted undiscounted cash flows that were based on the weighted average of multiple strategic alternatives, the Company concluded that the carrying value of the PharMEDium long-lived asset group was not recoverable as of December 31, 2019. The forecasted undiscounted cash flows as of December 31, 2019 were lower than the forecasted undiscounted cash flows as of September 30, 2019 due to a change in weighting of multiple strategic alternatives and lower operating results in the three months ended December 31, 2019 compared to expectations. The Company then performed an impairment test by comparing the PharMEDium asset group's
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fair value of $145 million to its carrying value, which resulted in a $138.0 million impairment loss in the three months ended December 31, 2019. Significant assumptions used in estimating the fair value of PharMEDium's asset group included (i) a 17% discount rate, which contemplated a higher risk at PharMEDium; (ii) the period in which PharMEDium will resume production at or near capacity; and (iii) the estimated EBITDA (earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation, and amortization) margins when considering the likelihood of higher operating and compliance costs. The Company believed that its fair value assumptions were representative of market participant assumptions; however, the forecasted cash flows used to estimate fair value and measure the related impairment were inherently uncertain and included assumptions that differed from actual results in future periods (see below). This represented a Level 3 nonrecurring fair value measurement. The Company allocated $123.2 million of the impairment to finite-lived intangibles, $11.6 million of the impairment to property and equipment, and $3.2 million to ROU assets.
In January 2020, the Company decided to permanently exit the PharMEDium compounding business, and, as a result, the Company will cease all commercial and administrative operations related to this business in fiscal 2020. The decision to permanently exit the PharMEDium business was due to a number of factors including, but not limited to, ongoing operational, regulatory, and commercial challenges, such as PharMEDium's decision in January 2020 to suspend production at the compounding facility in New Jersey pending facility upgrades related to the air handling and filtration systems. In connection with the decision to exit the PharMEDium business, the Company recorded an impairment of PharMEDium's assets of $223.7 million in the three months ended March 31, 2020, which included impairments of the remaining finite-lived intangible assets and the majority of the remaining tangible assets.
Note 6. Debt
Debt consisted of the following:
(in thousands) | March 31, 2020 | September 30, 2019 | ||||||
Revolving credit note | $ | — | $ | — | ||||
Term loan due in 2020 | 399,873 | 399,778 | ||||||
Overdraft facility due 2021 (£30,000) | 32,438 | 32,573 | ||||||
Receivables securitization facility due 2022 | 350,000 | 350,000 | ||||||
Multi-currency revolving credit facility due 2024 | — | — | ||||||
$500,000, 3.50% senior notes due 2021 | 499,165 | 498,908 | ||||||
$500,000, 3.40% senior notes due 2024 | 497,988 | 497,744 | ||||||
$500,000, 3.25% senior notes due 2025 | 496,650 | 496,311 | ||||||
$750,000, 3.45% senior notes due 2027 | 743,520 | 743,099 | ||||||
$500,000, 4.25% senior notes due 2045 | 494,622 | 494,514 | ||||||
$500,000, 4.30% senior notes due 2047 | 492,622 | 492,488 | ||||||
Nonrecourse debt | 138,316 | 167,477 | ||||||
Total debt | 4,145,194 | 4,172,892 | ||||||
Less AmerisourceBergen Corporation current portion | 432,311 | 32,573 | ||||||
Less nonrecourse current portion | 90,496 | 106,439 | ||||||
Total, net of current portion | $ | 3,622,387 | $ | 4,033,880 | ||||
Multi-Currency Revolving Credit Facility
The Company has a $1.4 billion multi-currency senior unsecured revolving credit facility ("Multi-Currency Revolving Credit Facility"), which is scheduled to expire in September 2024, with a syndicate of lenders. Interest on borrowings under the Multi-Currency Revolving Credit Facility accrues at specified rates based on the Company’s debt rating and ranges from 70 basis points to 112.5 basis points over CDOR/LIBOR/EURIBOR/Bankers Acceptance Stamping Fee, as applicable (91 basis points over CDOR/LIBOR/EURIBOR/Bankers Acceptance Stamping Fee as of March 31, 2020) and from 0 basis points to 12.5 basis points over the alternate base rate and Canadian prime rate, as applicable. The Company pays facility fees to maintain the availability under the Multi-Currency Revolving Credit Facility at specified rates based on its debt rating, ranging from 5 basis points to 12.5 basis points, annually, of the total commitment (9 basis points as of March 31, 2020). The Company may choose to repay or reduce its commitments under the Multi-Currency Revolving Credit Facility at any time. The Multi-Currency Revolving Credit Facility contains covenants, including compliance with a financial leverage ratio test, as well as others that impose limitations on, among other things, indebtedness of subsidiaries and asset sales, with which the Company was compliant as of March 31, 2020.
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Commercial Paper Program
The Company has a commercial paper program whereby it may from time to time issue short-term promissory notes in an aggregate amount of up to $1.4 billion at any one time. Amounts available under the program may be borrowed, repaid, and re-borrowed from time to time. The maturities on the notes will vary, but may not exceed 365 days from the date of issuance. The notes will bear interest, if interest bearing, or will be sold at a discount from their face amounts. The commercial paper program does not increase the Company’s borrowing capacity as it is fully backed by the Company’s Multi-Currency Revolving Credit Facility. There were no borrowings outstanding under the commercial paper program as of March 31, 2020.
Receivables Securitization Facility
The Company has a $1,450 million receivables securitization facility ("Receivables Securitization Facility"), which is scheduled to expire in September 2022. The Company has available to it an accordion feature whereby the commitment on the Receivables Securitization Facility may be increased by up to $250 million, subject to lender approval, for seasonal needs during the December and March quarters. Interest rates are based on prevailing market rates for short-term commercial paper or LIBOR, plus a program fee. The Company pays a customary unused fee at prevailing market rates, annually, to maintain the availability under the Receivables Securitization Facility. The Receivables Securitization Facility contains similar covenants to the Multi-Currency Revolving Credit Facility, with which the Company was compliant as of March 31, 2020.
Revolving Credit Note and Overdraft Facility
The Company has an uncommitted, unsecured line of credit available to it pursuant to a revolving credit note ("Revolving Credit Note"). The Revolving Credit Note provides the Company with the ability to request short-term unsecured revolving credit loans from time to time in a principal amount not to exceed $75 million. The Revolving Credit Note may be decreased or terminated by the bank or the Company at any time without prior notice. The Company also has a £30 million uncommitted U.K. overdraft facility ("Overdraft Facility"), which expires in February 2021, to fund short-term normal trading cycle fluctuations related to its MWI business.
Nonrecourse Debt
Nonrecourse debt is comprised of short-term and long-term debt belonging to the Brazil subsidiaries and is repaid solely from the Brazil subsidiaries' cash flows and such debt agreements provide that the repayment of the loans (and interest thereon) is secured solely by the capital stock, physical assets, contracts, and cash flows of the Brazil subsidiaries.
Note 7. Stockholders’ Equity and Earnings per Share
In January 2020, the Company's board of directors increased the quarterly cash dividend by 5% from $0.40 per share to $0.42 per share.
In October 2018, the Company's board of directors authorized a share repurchase program allowing the Company to purchase up to $1.0 billion of its outstanding shares of common stock, subject to market conditions. During the six months ended March 31, 2020, the Company purchased 4.8 million shares of its common stock for a total of $392.3 million, which excluded $14.8 million of September 2019 purchases that cash settled in October 2019. As of March 31, 2020, the Company had $68.8 million of availability remaining under this program.
In May 2020, the Company's board of directors authorized a new share repurchase program allowing the Company to purchase up to $500 million of its outstanding shares of common stock, subject to market conditions.
Basic earnings per share is computed by dividing net income attributable to AmerisourceBergen Corporation by the weighted average number of shares of common stock outstanding during the periods presented. Diluted earnings per share is computed by dividing net income attributable to AmerisourceBergen Corporation by the weighted average number of shares of common stock outstanding, plus the dilutive effect of stock options and restricted stock units during the periods presented.
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The following illustrates the components of diluted weighted average shares outstanding for the periods indicated:
Three months ended March 31, | Six months ended March 31, | |||||||||||
(in thousands) | 2020 | 2019 | 2020 | 2019 | ||||||||
Weighted average common shares outstanding - basic | 205,370 | 210,934 | 205,693 | 211,503 | ||||||||
Dilutive effect of stock options and restricted stock units | 1,692 | 1,629 | 1,600 | 1,772 | ||||||||
Weighted average common shares outstanding - diluted | 207,062 | 212,563 | 207,293 | 213,275 | ||||||||
The potentially dilutive stock options and restricted stock units that were antidilutive for the three and six months ended March 31, 2020 were 4.1 million and 4.2 million, respectively. The potentially dilutive stock options and restricted stock units that were antidilutive for the three and six months ended March 31, 2019 were 5.4 million and 4.6 million, respectively.
Note 8. Related Party Transactions
Walgreens Boots Alliance, Inc. ("WBA") owns more than 10% of the Company’s outstanding common stock and is, therefore, considered a related party. The Company operates under various agreements and arrangements with WBA, including a pharmaceutical distribution agreement pursuant to which the Company distributes pharmaceutical products to WBA and an agreement that provides the Company the ability to access favorable economic pricing and generic products through a generic purchasing services arrangement with Walgreens Boots Alliance Development GmbH. Both of these agreements expire in 2026.
Revenue from the various agreements and arrangements with WBA was $16.3 billion and $31.9 billion in the three and six months ended March 31, 2020, respectively. Revenue from the various agreements and arrangements with WBA was $14.6 billion and $29.9 billion in the three and six months ended March 31, 2019, respectively. The Company’s receivable from WBA, net of incentives, was $7.4 billion and $6.1 billion as of March 31, 2020 and September 30, 2019, respectively.
Note 9. Employee Severance, Litigation, and Other
The following illustrates the charges incurred by the Company relating to Employee Severance, Litigation, and Other for the periods indicated:
Three months ended March 31, | Six months ended March 31, | |||||||||||||||
(in thousands) | 2020 | 2019 | 2020 | 2019 | ||||||||||||
Employee severance | $ | 25,006 | $ | 14,021 | $ | 25,845 | $ | 18,806 | ||||||||
Litigation and opioid-related costs | 30,815 | 13,822 | 55,481 | 28,361 | ||||||||||||
Acquisition-related deal and integration costs | 348 | 11,456 | 803 | 22,045 | ||||||||||||
Business transformation efforts | 9,034 | 9,873 | 17,494 | 16,852 | ||||||||||||
Other restructuring initiatives | 2,529 | 6,217 | 7,418 | 9,997 | ||||||||||||
Total employee severance, litigation, and other | $ | 67,732 | $ | 55,389 | $ | 107,041 | $ | 96,061 | ||||||||
Employee severance in the three and six months ended March 31, 2020 included costs primarily related to position eliminations resulting from the Company's decision to permanently exit the PharMEDium compounding business. Employee severance in the three and six months ended March 31, 2019 included costs primarily related to PharMEDium restructuring activities, position eliminations resulting from the Company's business transformation efforts and the integration of H.D. Smith, and restructuring activities related to its consulting business.
Litigation and opioid-related costs in the three and six months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019 related to legal fees in connection with opioid lawsuits and investigations.
Acquisition-related deal and integration costs in the three and six months ended March 31, 2019 primarily related to the integration of H.D. Smith. Integration costs primarily included costs to transition servicing legacy H.D. Smith customers to existing Company distribution facilities and operating systems.
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Business transformation efforts in the three and six months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019 primarily related to costs associated with reorganizing the Company to further align the organization to its customers' needs. The majority of these costs related to services provided by third-party consultants, including certain technology initiatives.
Note 10. Legal Matters and Contingencies
In the ordinary course of its business, the Company becomes involved in lawsuits, administrative proceedings, government subpoenas, government investigations, stockholder demands, and other disputes, including antitrust, commercial, product liability, intellectual property, regulatory, employment discrimination, and other matters. Significant damages or penalties may be sought from the Company in some matters, and some matters may require years for the Company to resolve. The Company records a reserve for these matters when it is both probable that a liability has been incurred and the amount of the loss can be reasonably estimated.
For those matters for which the Company has not recognized a liability, the Company cannot predict the outcome of their impact on the Company as uncertainty remains with regard to whether such matters will proceed to trial, whether settlements will be reached, and the amount and terms of any such settlements. Outcomes may include settlements in significant amounts that are not currently estimable, limitations on the Company's conduct, the imposition of corporate integrity agreement obligations, consent decrees, and/or other civil and criminal penalties. From time to time, the Company is also involved in disputes with its customers, which the Company generally seeks to resolve through commercial negotiations. If negotiations are unsuccessful, the parties may litigate the dispute or otherwise attempt to settle the matter.
With respect to the specific legal proceedings and claims described below, unless otherwise noted, the amount or range of possible losses is not reasonably estimable. There can be no assurance that the settlement, resolution, or other outcome of one or more matters, including the matters set forth below, during any subsequent reporting period will not have a material adverse effect on the Company's results of operations or cash flows for that period or on the Company's financial condition.
Opioid Lawsuits and Investigations
A significant number of counties, municipalities, and other governmental entities in a majority of U.S. states and Puerto Rico, as well as several states and tribes, have filed lawsuits in various federal, state and other courts against pharmaceutical wholesale distributors (including the Company and certain subsidiaries, such as AmerisourceBergen Drug Corporation ("ABDC") and H.D. Smith), pharmaceutical manufacturers, retail chains, medical practices, and physicians relating to the distribution of prescription opioid pain medications. Other lawsuits regarding the distribution of prescription opioid pain medications have been filed by: third-party payors and similar entities; hospitals; hospital groups; and individuals, including cases styled as putative class actions. The lawsuits, which have been and continue to be filed in federal, state, and other courts, generally allege violations of controlled substance laws and various other statutes as well as common law claims, including negligence, public nuisance, and unjust enrichment, and seek equitable relief and monetary damages. An initial group of cases was consolidated for Multidistrict Litigation ("MDL") proceedings before the United States District Court for the Northern District of Ohio (the "Court") in December 2017. Additional cases have been, and will likely continue to be, transferred to the MDL. Further, in June 2018, the Court granted a motion permitting the United States, through the DOJ, to participate in settlement discussions and as a friend of the Court by providing information to facilitate non-monetary remedies.
In April 2018, the Court issued an order creating a litigation track, which includes dispositive motion practice, discovery, and trials in certain bellwether jurisdictions. On December 31, 2018, the Court issued an order selecting two additional cases for a second bellwether discovery and trial track. In November 2019 and January 2020, the Court filed Suggestions of Remand with the Judicial Panel on Multidistrict Litigation that identified four cases filed against the Company, including the two additional bellwether cases, for potential transfer from the MDL back to federal courts in California, Oklahoma, and West Virginia for the completion of discovery, motion practice, and trial. All four cases have now been remanded to those federal district courts. For the two consolidated cases in West Virginia, the current trial date is August 31, 2020. On April 17, 2020, the Company and certain other defendants filed a motion to change the trial date to December 1, 2020, which remains pending before the court. The California court has set forth a limited schedule for certain pretrial motions and some limited discovery, which ABDC and other defendants have asked the court to reconsider. The timing of discovery, motion practice, and trials for the Oklahoma case has not yet been determined.
On October 21, 2019, the Company announced an agreement in principle with two Ohio counties, Cuyahoga and Summit, to settle all claims brought by the two counties against the Company in the first track of the MDL. All claims against the Company were dismissed with prejudice pursuant to the settlement. Pursuant to this settlement, the Company made a payment of $66.7 million in December 2019. The Company had previously recorded a charge of $66.7 million in the fourth quarter of the fiscal year
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ended September 30, 2019 within Employee Severance, Litigation and Other in its Statement of Operations and in Accrued Expenses and Other on the Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheet.
The Court has continued to oversee court-ordered settlement discussions with attorneys for the plaintiffs and certain states that it instituted at the beginning of the MDL proceedings. On October 21, 2019, the Attorneys General for North Carolina, Pennsylvania, Tennessee, and Texas announced certain proposed settlement terms intended to provide a potential framework for a global resolution of the MDL and other related state court litigation, including cases currently filed and that could be filed. The attorneys general's announcement outlined that the largest U.S. pharmaceutical distributors would be expected to pay an aggregate amount of up to $18.0 billion over 18 years, of which the Company's portion would be 31.0%, in addition to the development and participation in a program for free or rebated distribution of opioid-abuse medications for a period of 10 years and the implementation of industry-wide changes to be specified to controlled substance anti-diversion programs. The Company is currently engaged in discussions that include the four attorneys general, as well as other attorneys general, and other parties with the objective of reaching potential terms for a global resolution. The Company is also engaged in related discussions with plaintiffs' lawyers representing local governments and other parties with the same goal of reaching a global resolution with all parties. If agreed, the potential terms for a global resolution would then need to be presented to numerous other states and local governments, and a significant number of such jurisdictions would need to accept the proposed terms in order to achieve an agreement in principle that would provide the finality that the Company requires from a global resolution. Given the large number of parties involved, the complexity and difficulty of the underlying issues, and the resulting uncertainty of achieving a potential global resolution, the Company continues to litigate and prepare for trial in the cases pending in the MDL, those remanded from the MDL to federal district courts, as well as in state courts where lawsuits have been filed, and intends to continue to vigorously defend itself in all such cases. A liability associated with a global resolution has not been recognized as of March 31, 2020, since the Company is unable to predict the outcome of settlement discussions with the states and local governments that will need to participate and, therefore, a global resolution cannot be considered probable. Furthermore, significant uncertainty remains with regard to whether such matters will proceed to trial, and, given the inherent uncertainty related to such litigation, the Company is not in a position to assess the likely outcome, and therefore unable to estimate the range of possible loss.
In June 2019, attorneys for some of the plaintiffs filed a motion proposing a procedure to certify a nationwide "negotiation class" of cities and counties for the purpose of negotiating and settling with defendants engaged in the nationwide manufacturing, sale, or distribution of opioids. The attorneys subsequently withdrew the motion and refiled an amended motion on July 9, 2019. The Court granted the motion on September 11, 2019 and certain defendants, including ABDC, are appealing.
A trial in New York state for cases brought by Nassau and Suffolk Counties and the New York Attorney General against a variety of defendants, including the Company, was scheduled to begin on March 20, 2020. The trial is not part of the MDL and has been delayed due to the COVID-19 outbreak. The court has not yet set a new trial date.
Aside from those parties that have already filed suit, other entities, including additional attorneys general’s offices, counties, and cities in multiple states, have indicated their intent to sue. The Company is vigorously defending itself in the pending lawsuits and intends to vigorously defend itself against any threatened lawsuits. The Company is not in a position to assess the likely outcome or its exposure, if any, with respect to these matters. In addition, other pharmaceutical wholesale distributors have faced shareholder derivative suits alleging violations of fiduciary duties in connection with the oversight of the distribution of controlled substances.
The Company has also received subpoenas, civil investigative demands, and other requests for information, requesting the production of documents regarding the distribution of prescription opioid pain medications from government agencies in other jurisdictions, including certain states. The Company is engaged in discussions with representatives from these government agencies regarding the requests and has been producing responsive documents.
Since July 2017, the Company has received subpoenas from several U.S. Attorney's Offices, including grand jury subpoenas from the U.S. Attorney's Office for the District of New Jersey ("USAO-NJ") and the U.S. Attorney's Office for the Eastern District of New York ("USAO-EDNY"). Those subpoenas request the production of a broad range of documents pertaining to the Company's distribution of controlled substances through its various subsidiaries, including ABDC, and its diversion control programs. The Company has been engaged in discussions with the various U.S. Attorney’s Offices, including the Health Care and Government Fraud Unit of the Criminal Division of the U.S. Attorney's Office for the District of New Jersey, and has been producing documents in response to the subpoenas.
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Government Enforcement and Related Litigation Matters
As previously disclosed, in late January 2020 the Company decided to permanently exit the PharMEDium compounding business and as a result the Company will cease all commercial and administrative operations related to this business. Various government agencies, including the U.S. Food and Drug Administration ("FDA"), the Consumer Protection Branch of the Civil Division of the DOJ, and state boards of pharmacy, regulate the compounding of pharmaceutical products, including PharMEDium's Section 503B outsourcing facilities. The FDA and the DOJ have broad enforcement powers.
On May 17, 2019, PharMEDium reached an agreement on the terms of the Consent Decree with the FDA and the DOJ that was entered by the United States District Court for the Northern District of Illinois on May 22, 2019. PharMEDium remains subject to the terms of the Consent Decree while winding down its operations and continues to work with the FDA and the DOJ to comply with applicable laws and regulations during this process.
Subpoenas, Ongoing Investigations, and Other Contingencies
From time to time, the Company receives subpoenas or requests for information from various government agencies relating to the Company's business or to the business of a customer, supplier, or other industry participant. The Company's responses often require time and effort and can result in considerable costs being incurred. Most of these matters are resolved without incident; however, such subpoenas or requests can lead to the assertion of claims or the commencement of civil or criminal legal proceedings against the Company and other members of the healthcare industry, as well as to substantial settlements.
In January 2017, the Company's subsidiary U.S. Bioservices Corporation ("U.S. Bio") received a subpoena for information from the USAO-EDNY relating to its activities in connection with billing for products and making returns of potential overpayments to government payers. The Company engaged in discussions with the USAO-EDNY and produced documents in response to the subpoena. In April 2019, the government informed the Company that it had filed a notice with the U.S. District Court for the Eastern District of New York that it was declining to intervene in a filed qui tam action related to its investigation. The case was unsealed in April 2019 and counsel for the relator filed an amended complaint under seal with the USAO-EDNY. In December 2019, the government filed a notice that it was again declining to intervene in the action. The Court ordered the relator's complaint against the Company, including subsidiaries AmerisourceBergen Specialty Group, LLC and U.S. Bio, be unsealed. The relator’s complaint alleges violations of the federal False Claims Act and the false claims acts of various states. The Company sought leave to file a motion to dismiss relator’s amended complaint and a hearing on the request to file the motion is scheduled for May 12, 2020. The relator filed a second amended complaint, removing one state false claims act count and the Company renewed its request for leave to file a motion to dismiss the second amended complaint. This request is currently pending.
On October 11, 2019, Teamsters Local 443 Health Services & Insurance Plan, St. Paul Electrical Construction Pension Plan, St. Paul Electrical Construction Workers Supplemental Pension Plan (2014 Restatement), Retirement Medical Funding Plan for the St. Paul Electrical Workers, and San Antonio Fire & Police Pension Fund filed a complaint for a purported derivative action in the Delaware Court of Chancery against the Company and certain of its current and former officers and directors (collectively, "Defendants"). The complaint alleges that the Defendants breached their fiduciary duties by failing to oversee the compliance by certain of the Company's subsidiaries (including the Company's former subsidiary Medical Initiatives, Inc. ("MII")) with federal regulations, allegedly resulting in the payment of fines and penalties in connection with the settlements with the USAO-EDNY in fiscal 2017 and 2018 that resolved claims arising from MII's pre-filled syringe program. On December 20, 2019, Defendants filed a motion to dismiss the complaint. The motion is fully briefed and remains pending before the Delaware Court of Chancery.
On February 6, 2020, another stockholder, Andrea Rosner, filed a complaint for a purported derivative action in the United States District Court for the District of Delaware against the Company and certain of its current and former officers and directors. The complaint alleges claims for breach of fiduciary duty, corporate waste and unjust enrichment allegedly arising from the Company’s controlled substance diversion control programs and violation of Section 14(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. The defendants filed a motion to dismiss this matter on May 4, 2020. On April 28, 2020, a group of interested stockholders filed a motion to intervene and stay the proceedings filed by Ms. Rosner. The Company’s response to the motion to intervene is due by May 12, 2020.
New York State ("NYS") enacted the Opioid Stewardship Act ("OSA"), which went into effect on July 1, 2018. The OSA established an annual $100 million Opioid Stewardship Fund (the "Fund") and requires manufacturers, distributors, and importers licensed in NYS to ratably source the Fund. The ratable share of the assessment for each licensee was to be based upon opioids sold or distributed to or within NYS. In the fourth quarter of the fiscal year ended September 30, 2018, the Company accrued $22 million as an estimate of its liability under the OSA for opioids distributed from January 1, 2017 through September 30, 2018 and recognized this reserve in Cost of Goods Sold on its Consolidated Statement of Operations and in Accrued Expenses and Other
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on its Consolidated Balance Sheet as of September 30, 2018. In December 2018, the OSA was ruled unconstitutional by the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of New York, and, as a result, the Company reversed the $22.0 million accrual in the quarter ended December 31, 2018. NYS filed an appeal of the court decision on January 17, 2019; however, the Company does not believe a loss contingency is probable.
In December 2019, Reliable Pharmacy, together with other retail pharmacies and North Sunflower Medical Center, filed a civil antitrust complaint against multiple generic drug manufacturers, and also included claims against the Company, H.D. Smith, and other drug distributors and industry participants. The case is filed as a putative class action and plaintiffs purport to represent a class of drug purchasers including other retail pharmacies and healthcare providers. The case has been consolidated for multidistrict litigation proceedings before the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania. The complaint alleges that the Company and others in the industry participated in a conspiracy to fix prices, allocate markets and rig bids regarding generic drugs. In March 2020, the plaintiffs filed a further amended complaint which they served on the Company. The timing of discovery, motions practice, and other court proceedings has not yet been determined.
Note 11. Litigation Settlements
Antitrust Settlements
Numerous lawsuits have been filed against certain brand pharmaceutical manufacturers alleging that the manufacturer, by itself or in concert with others, took improper actions to delay or prevent generic drugs from entering the market. These lawsuits are generally brought as class actions. The Company is not typically named as a plaintiff in these lawsuits, but has been a member of the direct purchasers' class (i.e., those purchasers who purchase directly from these pharmaceutical manufacturers). None of the lawsuits have gone to trial, but some have settled in the past with the Company receiving proceeds from the settlement funds. The Company recognized gains of $0.1 million and $8.5 million during the three and six months ended March 31, 2020, respectively, related to these lawsuits. The Company recognized gains of $52.0 million and $139.3 million during the three and six months ended March 31, 2019, respectively, related to these lawsuits. These gains, which are net of attorney fees and estimated payments due to other parties, were recorded as reductions to cost of goods sold in the Company’s Consolidated Statements of Operations.
Note 12. Fair Value of Financial Instruments
The recorded amounts of the Company's cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, and accounts payable as of March 31, 2020 and September 30, 2019 approximate fair value based upon the relatively short-term nature of these financial instruments. Within Cash and Cash Equivalents, the Company had $2,174.0 million of investments in money market accounts as of March 31, 2020 and had $1,552.0 million of investments in money market accounts as of September 30, 2019. The fair value of the money market accounts was determined based upon unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets, otherwise known as Level 1 inputs.
The recorded amount of long-term debt (see Note 6) and the corresponding fair value as of March 31, 2020 were $3,622.4 million and $3,667.6 million, respectively. The recorded amount of long-term debt and the corresponding fair value as of September 30, 2019 were $4,033.9 million and $4,158.4 million, respectively. The fair value of long-term debt was determined based upon inputs other than quoted prices, otherwise known as Level 2 inputs.
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Note 13. Business Segment Information
The Company is organized based upon the products and services it provides to its customers. The Company's operations are comprised of the Pharmaceutical Distribution Services reportable segment and other operating segments that are not significant enough to require separate reportable segment disclosure and, therefore, have been included in Other for the purpose of reportable segment presentation. Other consists of operating segments that focus on global commercialization services and animal health (MWI Animal Health). The operating segments that focus on global commercialization services include AmerisourceBergen Consulting Services and World Courier.
The following illustrates reportable and operating segment disaggregated revenue as required by Accounting Standards Codification 606 for the periods indicated:
Three months ended March 31, | Six months ended March 31, | |||||||||||||||
(in thousands) | 2020 | 2019 | 2020 | 2019 | ||||||||||||
Pharmaceutical Distribution Services | $ | 45,562,670 | $ | 41,676,164 | $ | 91,599,498 | $ | 85,420,545 | ||||||||
Other: | ||||||||||||||||
MWI Animal Health | 1,043,016 | 947,293 | 2,071,334 | 1,901,877 | ||||||||||||
Global Commercialization Services | 833,577 | 718,136 | 1,652,243 | 1,434,490 | ||||||||||||
Total Other | 1,876,593 | 1,665,429 | 3,723,577 | 3,336,367 | ||||||||||||
Intersegment eliminations | (21,624 | ) | (21,991 | ) | (40,694 | ) | (44,858 | ) | ||||||||
Revenue | $ | 47,417,639 | $ | 43,319,602 | $ | 95,282,381 | $ | 88,712,054 | ||||||||
Intersegment eliminations primarily represent the elimination of certain Pharmaceutical Distribution Services reportable segment sales to MWI.
The following illustrates reportable segment operating income for the periods indicated:
Three months ended March 31, | Six months ended March 31, | |||||||||||||||
(in thousands) | 2020 | 2019 | 2020 | 2019 | ||||||||||||
Pharmaceutical Distribution Services | $ | 563,097 | $ | 517,034 | $ | 954,791 | $ | 890,241 | ||||||||
Other | 108,260 | 99,879 | 212,739 | 198,813 | ||||||||||||
Intersegment eliminations | 328 | (249 | ) | (579 | ) | (556 | ) | |||||||||
Total segment operating income | $ | 671,685 | $ | 616,664 | $ | 1,166,951 | $ | 1,088,498 | ||||||||
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The following reconciles total segment operating income to income before income taxes for the periods indicated:
Three months ended March 31, | Six months ended March 31, | |||||||||||||||
(in thousands) | 2020 | 2019 | 2020 | 2019 | ||||||||||||
Total segment operating income | $ | 671,685 | $ | 616,664 | $ | 1,166,951 | $ | 1,088,498 | ||||||||
Gain from antitrust litigation settlements | 54 | 51,976 | 8,546 | 139,255 | ||||||||||||
LIFO (expense) credit | (23,853 | ) | 66,805 | (37,134 | ) | 69,834 | ||||||||||
PharMEDium remediation costs | — | (15,897 | ) | (16,165 | ) | (36,392 | ) | |||||||||
PharMEDium shutdown costs | (32,470 | ) | — | (32,470 | ) | — | ||||||||||
New York State Opioid Stewardship Act | — | — | — | 22,000 | ||||||||||||
Contingent consideration adjustment | 12,153 | — | 12,153 | — | ||||||||||||
Acquisition-related intangibles amortization | (26,670 | ) | (46,594 | ) | (60,236 | ) | (91,746 | ) | ||||||||
Employee severance, litigation, and other | (67,732 | ) | (55,389 | ) | (107,041 | ) | (96,061 | ) | ||||||||
Impairment of PharMEDium assets | (223,652 | ) | (570,000 | ) | (361,652 | ) | (570,000 | ) | ||||||||
Operating income | 309,515 | 47,565 | 572,952 | 525,388 | ||||||||||||
Other (income) loss | (1,109 | ) | (14,494 | ) | 1,733 | (11,397 | ) | |||||||||
Interest expense, net | 34,421 | 43,275 | 65,428 | 85,445 | ||||||||||||
Income before income taxes | $ | 276,203 | $ | 18,784 | $ | 505,791 | $ | 451,340 | ||||||||
Segment operating income is evaluated by the chief operating decision maker ("CODM") of the Company before gain from antitrust litigation settlements; LIFO (expense) credit; PharMEDium remediation costs; PharMEDium shutdown costs; New York State Opioid Stewardship Act; contingent consideration adjustment; acquisition-related intangibles amortization; employee severance, litigation, and other; and impairment of PharMEDium assets. Segment measures were adjusted in fiscal 2020 to exclude PharMEDium shutdown costs and the contingent consideration adjustment as the CODM excludes all such items in the measurement of segment performance. All corporate office expenses are allocated to the operating segment level.
The Company incurred remediation costs in connection with the suspended production activities at PharMEDium (see Note 5). These remediation costs are primarily classified in Cost of Goods Sold in the Consolidated Statements of Operations. The Company incurred costs in connection with exiting the PharMEDium compounding business (see Note 5). These shutdown costs are primarily classified in Distribution, Selling, and Administrative expenses in the Consolidated Statements of Operations.
One of the Company's non-wholly-owned subsidiaries, Profarma, which the Company consolidates based on certain governance rights (see Note 3), adjusted its previous estimate of contingent consideration related to the purchase price of one of its prior business acquisitions.
The Company recorded a $13.7 million gain on the sale of an equity investment in Other (Income) Loss in the Company's Consolidated Statements of Operations in the three and six months ended March 31, 2019.
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ITEM 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
Overview
The following discussion should be read in conjunction with the Consolidated Financial Statements and notes thereto contained herein and in conjunction with the financial statements and related notes included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended September 30, 2019.
We are one of the largest global pharmaceutical sourcing and distribution services companies, helping both healthcare providers and pharmaceutical and biotech manufacturers improve patient access to products and enhance patient care. We deliver innovative programs and services designed to increase the effectiveness and efficiency of the pharmaceutical supply chain in both human and animal health. We are organized based upon the products and services we provide to our customers. Our operations are comprised of the Pharmaceutical Distribution Services reportable segment and other operating segments that are not significant enough to require separate reportable segment disclosure, and, therefore, have been included in Other for the purpose of our reportable segment presentation.
Pharmaceutical Distribution Services Segment
The Pharmaceutical Distribution Services reportable segment distributes a comprehensive offering of brand-name, specialty brand-name and generic pharmaceuticals, over-the-counter healthcare products, home healthcare supplies and equipment, and related services to a wide variety of healthcare providers, including acute care hospitals and health systems, independent and chain retail pharmacies, mail order pharmacies, medical clinics, long-term care and alternate site pharmacies, and other customers. Through a number of operating businesses, the Pharmaceutical Distribution Services reportable segment provides pharmaceutical distribution (including plasma and other blood products, injectible pharmaceuticals, vaccines, and other specialty pharmaceutical products) and additional services to physicians who specialize in a variety of disease states, especially oncology, and to other healthcare providers, including hospitals and dialysis clinics. Additionally, the Pharmaceutical Distribution Services reportable segment provides data analytics, outcomes research, and additional services for biotechnology and pharmaceutical manufacturers. The Pharmaceutical Distribution Services reportable segment also provides pharmacy management, staffing and additional consulting services, and supply management software to a variety of retail and institutional healthcare providers. Additionally, it delivers packaging solutions to institutional and retail healthcare providers.
Other
Other consists of operating segments that focus on global commercialization services and animal health (MWI Animal Health). The operating segments that focus on global commercialization services include AmerisourceBergen Consulting Services ("ABCS") and World Courier.
MWI Animal Health ("MWI") is a leading animal health distribution company in the United States and in the United Kingdom. MWI sells pharmaceuticals, vaccines, parasiticides, diagnostics, micro feed ingredients, and various other products to customers in both the companion animal and production animal markets. Additionally, MWI offers demand-creating sales force services to manufacturers. ABCS, through a number of operating businesses, provides a full suite of integrated manufacturer services that range from clinical trial support to product post-approval and commercialization support. World Courier, which operates in over 50 countries, is a leading global specialty transportation and logistics provider for the biopharmaceutical industry.
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Recent Development
In March 2020, the World Health Organization ("WHO") declared a global pandemic attributable to the outbreak and continued spread of COVID-19. In connection with the mitigation and containment procedures recommended by the WHO and imposed by federal, state, and local governmental authorities, we implemented measures designed to keep our employees safe and address business continuity issues at our distribution centers and other locations. We continue to evaluate and plan for the potential effects of a prolonged disruption and the related impacts on our revenue, results of operations, and cash flows (refer to our COVID-19 risk factor in Item 1A. Risk Factors on page 37). In the fiscal quarter ended March 31, 2020, we experienced increased demand for pharmaceuticals as many of our customers increased their purchases due to the onset of COVID-19, which resulted in higher revenue and gross profit. We also incurred operating expenses directly attributable to the onset of COVID-19, and therefore, the impact to our operating income was not significant. As a result, while the impact of COVID-19 on us is evolving rapidly and its impacts are difficult to assess or predict, we expect our third quarter revenue to be proportionately lower as the increased second quarter revenue partially reflected purchases that would have otherwise been made after March 31, 2020.
Executive Summary
This executive summary provides highlights from the results of operations that follow:
• | Revenue increased 9.5% and 7.4% from the prior year quarter and six-month period, respectively, primarily due to the revenue growth of our Pharmaceutical Distribution Services segment; |
• | Total gross profit in the current year quarter decreased by 2.6% from the prior year quarter and decreased 3.8% from the prior year six-month period and was unfavorably impacted by last-in, first-out ("LIFO") expense in comparison to a LIFO credit in the prior year periods and significantly lower gains from antitrust litigation settlements, offset in part by increases in gross profit in Pharmaceutical Distribution Services and Other and lower PharMEDium remediation costs. The six-month period was also unfavorably impacted by the prior year reversal of a previously-estimated assessment related to the New York State Opioid Stewardship Act. Pharmaceutical Distributions Services' gross profit increased 6.6% from the prior year quarter and 4.2% from the prior year six-month period primarily due to the increase in revenue largely due to strong specialty product sales. Gross profit in Other increased 10.1% from the prior year quarter primarily due to growth at MWI and World Courier and 9.1% from the prior year six-month period primarily due to growth at MWI, World Courier, and the Lash consulting group within ABCS; |
• | Distribution, selling, and administrative expenses increased 10.4% compared to the prior year quarter and 7.4% compared to the prior year six-month period primarily due to an increase in costs to support revenue growth in Other primarily due to an increase in freight and warehousing costs and an increase in bad debt expense due to our current assessment of the collectibility of trade receivables as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic; |
• | Operating income increased by $262.0 million from the prior year quarter and increased by $47.6 million from the prior year six-month period primarily due to impairments of PharMEDium's assets of $223.7 million and $361.7 million in the three and six months ended March 31, 2020 (see Note 5 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements) compared to the $570.0 million impairment of PharMEDium's assets in the three and six months ended March 31, 2019, the decline in total gross profit and the increase in distribution, selling, and administrative expenses, as noted above; |
• | Our effective tax rates were (251.6)% and (128.9)% for the three and six months ended March 31, 2020, respectively. Our effective tax rates were (49.5)% and 7.0% for the three and six months ended March 31, 2019, respectively. The effective tax rates in the three and six months ended March 31, 2020 were lower than the U.S. statutory rate due to the tax benefits associated with our decision to permanently exit the PharMEDium compounding business, the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security ("CARES") Act, and other discrete items (see Note 4 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements) and due to a higher mix of foreign earnings at lower tax rates in Switzerland and Ireland since U.S. earnings were lower principally due to the impairment of PharMEDium's assets (see Note 5 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements) in the three and six months ended March 31, 2020. The effective tax rates in the three and six months ended March 31, 2019 were lower than the U.S. statutory rate due to a higher mix of foreign earnings at lower tax rates in Switzerland and Ireland since U.S. earnings were lower principally due to the $570.0 million impairment of PharMEDium's assets. The effective tax rate in the six months ended March 31, 2019 also benefited from a $37.0 million decrease to our finalization of the estimated transition tax liability related to the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017 (the "2017 Tax Act"); and |
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• | Net income attributable to AmerisourceBergen and diluted earnings per share were significantly higher in the current year quarter and six months ended March 31, 2020 primarily due to the discrete income tax benefits recognized in the current year periods. |
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Results of Operations
Revenue
Three months ended March 31, | Six months ended March 31, | |||||||||||||||||||
(dollars in thousands) | 2020 | 2019 | Change | 2020 | 2019 | Change | ||||||||||||||
Pharmaceutical Distribution Services | $ | 45,562,670 | $ | 41,676,164 | 9.3% | $ | 91,599,498 | $ | 85,420,545 | 7.2% | ||||||||||
Other: | ||||||||||||||||||||
MWI Animal Health | 1,043,016 | 947,293 | 10.1% | 2,071,334 | 1,901,877 | 8.9% | ||||||||||||||
Global Commercialization Services | 833,577 | 718,136 | 16.1% | 1,652,243 | 1,434,490 | 15.2% | ||||||||||||||
Total Other | 1,876,593 | 1,665,429 | 12.7% | 3,723,577 | 3,336,367 | 11.6% | ||||||||||||||
Intersegment eliminations | (21,624 | ) | (21,991 | ) | (40,694 | ) | (44,858 | ) | ||||||||||||
Revenue | $ | 47,417,639 | $ | 43,319,602 | 9.5% | $ | 95,282,381 | $ | 88,712,054 | 7.4% | ||||||||||
We expect our revenue growth percentage to be in the low to mid-single digits in fiscal 2020. Our future revenue growth will continue to be affected by various factors, such as industry growth trends, including drug utilization, the introduction of new, innovative brand therapies (including biosimilars), the likely increase in the number of generic drugs that will be available over the next few years as a result of the expiration of certain drug patents held by brand-name pharmaceutical manufacturers and the rate of conversion from brand products to those generic drugs, price inflation and price deflation, general economic conditions in the United States, competition within the industry, customer consolidation, changes in pharmaceutical manufacturer pricing and distribution policies and practices, increased downward pressure on government and other third-party reimbursement rates to our customers, changes in government rules and regulations, and the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic (refer to our COVID-19 risk factor in Item 1A. Risk Factors on page 37).
Revenue increased by 9.5% and 7.4% from the prior year quarter and six-month period, respectively, primarily due to the revenue growth in our Pharmaceutical Distribution Services segment.
The Pharmaceutical Distribution Services segment's revenue grew by 9.3%, or $3.9 billion, and 7.2%, or $6.2 billion, from the prior year quarter and six-month period, respectively, primarily due to the organic growth of some of its largest customers (sales to our largest customer, Walgreens, increased $1.7 billion and $2.0 billion from the prior year quarter and six-month period, respectively) increased specialty pharmaceutical product sales (which generally have higher selling prices), and overall market growth principally driven by unit volume growth and, to a lesser extent, inflationary increases in brand drugs.
Revenue in Other increased 12.7% and 11.6% from the prior year quarter and six-month period, respectively. The increase was due to growth at all three operating segments: MWI, ABCS, and World Courier.
In the fiscal quarter ended March 31, 2020, we experienced increased demand for pharmaceuticals as many of our customers increased their purchases due to the onset of COVID-19, which resulted in higher revenue and gross profit. We also incurred operating expenses directly attributable to the onset of COVID-19, and therefore, the impact to our operating income was not significant. As a result, while the impact of COVID-19 on us is evolving rapidly and its impacts are difficult to assess or predict, we expect our third quarter revenue to be proportionately lower as the increased second quarter revenue partially reflected purchases that would have otherwise been made after March 31, 2020.
A number of our contracts with customers, including group purchasing organizations, are typically subject to expiration each year. We may lose a significant customer if an existing contract with such customer expires without being extended, renewed, or replaced. During the six months ended March 31, 2020, no significant contracts expired. Over the next twelve months, there are no significant contracts scheduled to expire. Additionally, from time to time, significant contracts may be terminated in accordance with their terms or extended, renewed, or replaced prior to their expiration dates. If those contracts are extended, renewed, or replaced at less favorable terms, they may also negatively impact our revenue, results of operations, and cash flows.
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Gross Profit
Three months ended March 31, | Six months ended March 31, | |||||||||||||||||||
(dollars in thousands) | 2020 | 2019 | Change | 2020 | 2019 | Change | ||||||||||||||
Pharmaceutical Distribution Services | $ | 1,057,139 | $ | 992,101 | 6.6% | $ | 1,950,052 | $ | 1,870,565 | 4.2% | ||||||||||
Other | 359,428 | 326,457 | 10.1% | 710,560 | 651,483 | 9.1% | ||||||||||||||
Intersegment eliminations | 328 | (249 | ) | (579 | ) | (556 | ) | |||||||||||||
Gain from antitrust litigation settlements | 54 | 51,976 | 8,546 | 139,255 | ||||||||||||||||
LIFO (expense) credit | (23,853 | ) | 66,805 | (37,134 | ) | 69,834 | ||||||||||||||
PharMEDium remediation costs | — | (12,334 | ) | (7,135 | ) | (30,245 | ) | |||||||||||||
PharMEDium shutdown costs | (4,989 | ) | — | (4,989 | ) | — | ||||||||||||||
New York State Opioid Stewardship Act | — | — | — | 22,000 | ||||||||||||||||
Gross profit | $ | 1,388,107 | $ | 1,424,756 | (2.6)% | $ | 2,619,321 | $ | 2,722,336 | (3.8)% | ||||||||||
Gross profit decreased 2.6%, or $36.6 million, from the prior year quarter and 3.8%, or $103.0 million from the prior year six-month period and was unfavorably impacted by LIFO expense in comparison to a LIFO credit in the prior year periods and significantly lower gains from antitrust litigation settlements, offset in part by increases in gross profit in Pharmaceutical Distribution Services and Other and lower PharMEDium remediation costs. The six-month period was also unfavorably impacted by the prior year reversal of a previously-estimated assessment related to the New York State Opioid Stewardship Act.
Pharmaceutical Distribution Services' gross profit increased 6.6%, or $65.0 million, from the prior year quarter and 4.2%, or $79.5 million, from the prior year six-month period due to the increase in revenue largely due to strong specialty product sales. As a percentage of revenue, Pharmaceutical Distribution Services' gross profit margins of 2.32% and 2.13% in the current year quarter and six-month period, respectively, decreased 6 basis points from the prior year periods. The decreases in gross profit margin from the prior year periods was primarily due to increased sales to our larger customers, which typically have lower gross profit margins.
Gross profit in Other increased 10.1%, or $33.0 million, from the prior year quarter primarily due to growth at MWI and World Courier. Gross profit in Other increased 9.1%, or $59.1 million, from the prior year six-month period primarily due to growth at MWI, World Courier, and the Lash consulting group within ABCS. As a percentage of revenue, gross profit margin in Other of 19.15% in the three months ended March 31, 2020 decreased from 19.60% in the prior year quarter. As a percentage of revenue, gross profit margin in Other of 19.08% in the six months ended March 31, 2020 decreased from 19.53% in the prior year six-month period.
We recognized gains from antitrust litigation settlements with pharmaceutical manufacturers of $0.1 million and $52.0 million during the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively. We recognized gains from antitrust litigation settlements with pharmaceutical manufacturers of $8.5 million and $139.3 million during the six months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively. The gains were recorded as reductions to Cost of Goods Sold (see Note 11 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements).
Our cost of goods sold for interim periods includes a LIFO provision that is recorded ratably on a quarterly basis and is based on our estimated annual LIFO provision. The annual LIFO provision, which we estimate on a quarterly basis, is affected by manufacturer pricing practices, which may be impacted by market and other external influences, expected changes in inventory quantities, and product mix, many of which are difficult to predict. Changes to any of the above factors may have a material impact to our annual LIFO provision.
New York State ("NYS") enacted the Opioid Stewardship Act ("OSA"), which initially went into effect on July 1, 2018. The OSA established an annual $100 million Opioid Stewardship Fund (the "Fund") and required manufacturers, distributors, and importers licensed in NYS to ratably source the Fund. The ratable share of the assessment for each licensee was to be based upon opioids sold or distributed to or within NYS. In September 2018, we accrued $22.0 million as an estimate of our liability under the OSA for the period from January 1, 2017 through September 30, 2018. In December 2018, the OSA was ruled unconstitutional by the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of New York, and, as a result, we reversed the $22.0 million accrual in the quarter ended December 31, 2018.
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Operating Expenses
Three months ended March 31, | Six months ended March 31, | |||||||||||||||||||
(dollars in thousands) | 2020 | 2019 | Change | 2020 | 2019 | Change | ||||||||||||||
Distribution, selling, and administrative | $ | 693,413 | $ | 628,036 | 10.4% | $ | 1,379,366 | $ | 1,284,621 | 7.4% | ||||||||||
Depreciation and amortization | 93,795 | 123,766 | (24.2)% | 198,310 | 246,266 | (19.5)% | ||||||||||||||
Employee severance, litigation, and other | 67,732 | 55,389 | 107,041 | 96,061 | ||||||||||||||||
Impairment of PharMEDium assets | 223,652 | 570,000 | 361,652 | 570,000 | ||||||||||||||||
Total operating expenses | $ | 1,078,592 | $ | 1,377,191 | (21.7)% | $ | 2,046,369 | $ | 2,196,948 | (6.9)% | ||||||||||
Distribution, selling, and administrative expenses increased 10.4%, or $65.4 million, compared to the prior year quarter and 7.4%, or $94.7 million, compared to the prior year six-month period primarily due to an increase in costs to support revenue growth in Other primarily due to an increase in freight and warehousing costs, an increase in bad debt expense due to our current assessment of the collectibility of trade receivables as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, and costs incurred in connection with permanently exiting the PharMEDium compounding business, such as contract termination fees, offset in part by operational synergies realized from the integration of H.D. Smith within Pharmaceutical Distribution Services. As a percentage of revenue, distribution, selling, and administrative expenses were 1.46% and 1.45% in the current year quarter and six-month period, respectively, a 1 basis point increase compared to the prior year quarter and flat compared to the prior year six-month period.
Depreciation expense decreased 7.2% and 7.7% from the prior year quarter and six-month period, respectively, primarily due to the reduction of H.D. Smith depreciable assets in connection with the integration of its operations. Amortization expense decreased 50.6% and 38.1% from the prior year quarter and six-month period, respectively, primarily due to the fiscal 2020 and 2019 impairments of PharMEDium intangible assets.
Employee severance, litigation, and other in the three months ended March 31, 2020 included $30.8 million of litigation costs that related to legal fees in connection with opioid lawsuits and investigations, $25.0 million of severance costs primarily related to position eliminations resulting from our decision to permanently exit the PharMEDium compounding business, $9.0 million related to our business transformation efforts, $2.5 million of other restructuring initiatives, and $0.3 million of acquisition-related deal and integration costs. Employee severance, litigation, and other in the three months ended March 31, 2019 included $14.0 million of severance costs primarily related to PharMEDium restructuring activities, position eliminations resulting from our business transformation efforts and the integration of H.D. Smith, and restructuring activities related to our consulting business, $13.8 million of litigation costs that related to legal fees in connection with opioid lawsuits and investigations, $11.5 million of acquisition-related deal and integration costs (primarily related to the integration of H.D. Smith), $9.9 million related to our business transformation efforts, and $6.2 million of other restructuring initiatives.
Employee severance, litigation, and other in the six months ended March 31, 2020 included $55.5 million of litigation costs that related to legal fees in connection with opioid lawsuits and investigations, $25.8 million of severance costs primarily related to position eliminations resulting from our decision to permanently exit the PharMEDium compounding business, $17.5 million related to our business transformation efforts, $7.4 million of other restructuring initiatives, and $0.8 million of acquisition-related deal and integration costs. Employee severance, litigation, and other in the six month period ended March 31, 2019 included $28.4 million of litigation costs that related to legal fees in connection with opioid lawsuits and investigations, $22.0 million of acquisition-related deal and integration costs (primarily related to the integration of H.D. Smith), $18.8 million of severance costs primarily related to PharMEDium restructuring activities, position eliminations resulting from our business transformation efforts and restructuring activities related to our consulting business and the integration of H.D. Smith, $16.9 million related to our business transformation efforts, and $10.0 million of other restructuring initiatives.
We recorded impairments of PharMEDium's assets of $223.7 million and $361.7 million in the three and six months ended March 31, 2020, respectively (see Note 5 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements). We recorded an impairment of PharMEDium's assets of $570.0 million in the three and six months ended March 31, 2019.
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Operating Income
Three months ended March 31, | Six months ended March 31, | |||||||||||||||||||
(dollars in thousands) | 2020 | 2019 | Change | 2020 | 2019 | Change | ||||||||||||||
Pharmaceutical Distribution Services | $ | 563,097 | $ | 517,034 | 8.9% | $ | 954,791 | $ | 890,241 | 7.3% | ||||||||||
Other | 108,260 | 99,879 | 8.4% | 212,739 | 198,813 | 7.0% | ||||||||||||||
Intersegment eliminations | 328 | (249 | ) | (579 | ) | (556 | ) | |||||||||||||
Total segment operating income | 671,685 | 616,664 | 8.9% | 1,166,951 | 1,088,498 | 7.2% | ||||||||||||||
Gain from antitrust litigation settlements | 54 | 51,976 | 8,546 | 139,255 | ||||||||||||||||
LIFO (expense) credit | (23,853 | ) | 66,805 | (37,134 | ) | 69,834 | ||||||||||||||
PharMEDium remediation costs | — | (15,897 | ) | (16,165 | ) | (36,392 | ) | |||||||||||||
PharMEDium shutdown costs | (32,470 | ) | — | (32,470 | ) | — | ||||||||||||||
New York State Opioid Stewardship Act | — | — | — | 22,000 | ||||||||||||||||
Contingent consideration adjustment | 12,153 | — | 12,153 | — | ||||||||||||||||
Acquisition-related intangibles amortization | (26,670 | ) | (46,594 | ) | (60,236 | ) | (91,746 | ) | ||||||||||||
Employee severance, litigation, and other | (67,732 | ) | (55,389 | ) | (107,041 | ) | (96,061 | ) | ||||||||||||
Impairment of PharMEDium assets | (223,652 | ) | (570,000 | ) | (361,652 | ) | (570,000 | ) | ||||||||||||
Operating income | $ | 309,515 | $ | 47,565 | 550.7% | $ | 572,952 | $ | 525,388 | 9.1% | ||||||||||
Segment operating income is evaluated before gain from antitrust litigation settlements; LIFO (expense) credit; PharMEDium remediation costs; PharMEDium shutdown costs; New York State Opioid Stewardship Act; contingent consideration adjustment; acquisition-related intangibles amortization; employee severance, litigation, and other; and impairment of PharMEDium assets.
Pharmaceutical Distribution Services' operating income increased 8.9%, or $46.1 million, from the prior year quarter and 7.3%, or $64.6 million, from the prior year six-month period primarily due to the increases in gross profit, offset in part by increases in operating expenses. As a percentage of revenue, Pharmaceutical Distribution Services' operating income margins were 1.24% and 1.04% in the quarter and six-month period ended March 31, 2020, respectively, and were flat compared to the prior year periods.
Operating income in Other increased 8.4%, or $8.4 million, from the prior year quarter and 7.0%, or $13.9 million, from the period year six-month period primarily due to the increases in gross profit, offset in part by increases in operating expenses.
Interest expense, net and the respective weighted average interest rates in the quarter ended March 31, 2020 and 2019 were as follows:
2020 | 2019 | |||||||||||
(dollars in thousands) | Amount | Weighted Average Interest Rate | Amount | Weighted Average Interest Rate | ||||||||
Interest expense | $ | 41,982 | 3.57% | $ | 49,882 | 3.76% | ||||||
Interest income | (7,561 | ) | 1.06% | (6,607 | ) | 1.86% | ||||||
Interest expense, net | $ | 34,421 | $ | 43,275 | ||||||||
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Interest expense, net and the respective weighted average interest rates in the six months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019 were as follows:
2020 | 2019 | |||||||||||
(dollars in thousands) | Amount | Weighted Average Interest Rate | Amount | Weighted Average Interest Rate | ||||||||
Interest expense | $ | 83,584 | 3.58% | $ | 99,118 | 3.75% | ||||||
Interest income | (18,156 | ) | 1.23% | (13,673 | ) | 1.81% | ||||||
Interest expense, net | $ | 65,428 | $ | 85,445 | ||||||||
Interest expense, net decreased 20.5%, or $8.9 million, from the prior year quarter, and 23.4%, or $20.0 million, from the prior year six-month period due to a decrease in interest expense primarily due to the adoption of the new lease accounting standard (see Note 1 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements) as of October 1, 2019, which resulted in the derecognition of financing obligations related to lease construction assets. Prior to October 1, 2019, we recognized interest expense associated with these financing obligations. Upon adoption of the new lease standard, we began recognizing rent expense related to these leases in Distribution, Selling, and Administrative expenses in our Consolidated Statements of Operations. Interest expense, net also decreased due to the increase in interest income due to a $1.4 billion increase in our average invested cash balances compared to the prior year quarter and six-month period, offset in part by a decline in investment interest rates. In response to the COVID-19 pandemic's impact on the U.S. economy, the federal government lowered Treasury interest rates. If rates remain at their current levels, we would expect our interest income to decrease in the future.
Our effective tax rates were (251.6)% and (128.9)% for the three and six months ended March 31, 2020, respectively. Our effective tax rates were (49.5)% and 7.0% for the three and six months ended March 31, 2019, respectively. The effective tax rates in the three and six months ended March 31, 2020 were lower than the U.S. statutory rate due to the tax benefits associated with our decision to permanently exit the PharMEDium compounding business, the CARES Act, and other discrete items (see Note 4 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements) and due to a higher mix of foreign earnings at lower tax rates in Switzerland and Ireland since U.S. earnings were lower principally due to the impairment of PharMEDium's assets (see Note 5 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements) in the three and six months ended March 31, 2020. The effective tax rates in the three and six months ended March 31, 2019 were lower than the U.S. statutory rate due to a higher mix of foreign earnings at lower tax rates in Switzerland and Ireland since U.S. earnings were lower principally due to the $570.0 million impairment of PharMEDium's assets. The effective tax rate in the six months ended March 31, 2019 also benefited from a $37.0 million decrease to our finalization of the estimated transition tax liability related to the 2017 Tax Act.
Net income attributable to AmerisourceBergen and diluted earnings per share were significantly higher in the current year quarter and six months ended March 31, 2020 primarily due to the discrete income tax benefits recognized in the current year periods.
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Liquidity and Capital Resources
The following table illustrates our debt structure as of March 31, 2020, including availability under the multi-currency revolving credit facility, the receivables securitization facility, the revolving credit note, and the overdraft facility:
(in thousands) | Outstanding Balance | Additional Availability | ||||||
Fixed-Rate Debt: | ||||||||
$500,000, 3.50% senior notes due 2021 | $ | 499,165 | $ | — | ||||
$500,000, 3.40% senior notes due 2024 | 497,988 | — | ||||||
$500,000, 3.25% senior notes due 2025 | 496,650 | — | ||||||
$750,000, 3.45% senior notes due 2027 | 743,520 | — | ||||||
$500,000, 4.25% senior notes due 2045 | 494,622 | — | ||||||
$500,000, 4.30% senior notes due 2047 | 492,622 | — | ||||||
Nonrecourse debt | 69,197 | — | ||||||
Total fixed-rate debt | 3,293,764 | — | ||||||
Variable-Rate Debt: | ||||||||
Revolving credit note | — | 75,000 | ||||||
Term loan due 2020 | 399,873 | — | ||||||
Overdraft facility due 2021 (£30,000) | 32,438 | 4,801 | ||||||
Receivables securitization facility due 2022 | 350,000 | 1,100,000 | ||||||
Multi-currency revolving credit facility due 2024 | — | 1,400,000 | ||||||
Nonrecourse debt | 69,119 | — | ||||||
Total variable-rate debt | 851,430 | 2,579,801 | ||||||
Total debt | $ | 4,145,194 | $ | 2,579,801 | ||||
Our operating results have generated cash flows, which, together with availability under our debt agreements and credit terms from suppliers, have provided sufficient capital resources to finance working capital and cash operating requirements, and to fund capital expenditures, acquisitions, repayment of debt, the payment of interest on outstanding debt, dividends, and purchases of shares of our common stock.
Our primary ongoing cash requirements will be to finance working capital, fund the repayment of debt, fund the payment of interest on debt, fund purchases of our common stock, fund the payment of dividends, finance acquisitions, and fund capital expenditures and routine growth and expansion through new business opportunities. Future cash flows from operations and borrowings are expected to be sufficient to fund our ongoing cash requirements.
As discussed in Note 10 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements, we are a party to discussions with the objective of reaching potential terms of a broad resolution of the remaining opioid-litigation and claims. Although we are not able to predict the outcome or reasonably estimate a range of possible losses in these matters, an adverse judgment or negotiated resolution in any of these matters could have a material adverse impact on our financial position, cash flows or liquidity.
As of March 31, 2020 and September 30, 2019, our cash and cash equivalents held by foreign subsidiaries were $434.5 million and $826.8 million, respectively, and are generally based in U.S. dollar denominated holdings. We have the ability to repatriate the majority of our cash and cash equivalents held by our foreign subsidiaries without incurring additional taxes upon repatriation.
We have increased seasonal needs related to our inventory build during the December and March quarters that, depending on our cash balance, may require the use of our credit facilities to fund short-term capital needs. Our cash balance in the six months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019 were supplemented by intra-period credit facility borrowings to cover short-term working capital needs. The largest amount of intra-period borrowings under our revolving and securitization credit facilities that was outstanding at any one time during the six months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019 was $39.6 million and $240.6 million, respectively. We had $54.7 million and $526.4 million of cumulative intra-period borrowings that were repaid under our credit facilities during the six months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively.
We have a $1.4 billion multi-currency senior unsecured revolving credit facility ("Multi-Currency Revolving Credit Facility"), which is scheduled to expire in September 2024, with a syndicate of lenders. Interest on borrowings under the Multi-Currency Revolving Credit Facility accrues at specified rates based on our debt rating and ranges from 70 basis points to 112.5
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basis points over CDOR/LIBOR/EURIBOR/Bankers Acceptance Stamping Fee, as applicable (91 basis points over CDOR/LIBOR/EURIBOR/Bankers Acceptance Stamping Fee as of March 31, 2020) and from 0 basis points to 12.5 basis points over the alternate base rate and Canadian prime rate, as applicable. We pay facility fees to maintain the availability under the Multi-Currency Revolving Credit Facility at specified rates based on our debt rating, ranging from 5 basis points to 12.5 basis points, annually, of the total commitment (9 basis points as of March 31, 2020). We may choose to repay or reduce our commitments under the Multi-Currency Revolving Credit Facility at any time. The Multi-Currency Revolving Credit Facility contains covenants, including compliance with a financial leverage ratio test, as well as others that impose limitations on, among other things, indebtedness of subsidiaries and asset sales, with which we were compliant as of March 31, 2020.
We have a commercial paper program whereby we may from time to time issue short-term promissory notes in an aggregate amount of up to $1.4 billion at any one time. Amounts available under the program may be borrowed, repaid, and re-borrowed from time to time. The maturities on the notes will vary, but may not exceed 365 days from the date of issuance. The notes will bear interest, if interest bearing, or will be sold at a discount from their face amounts. The commercial paper program does not increase our borrowing capacity as it is fully backed by our Multi-Currency Revolving Credit Facility. There were no borrowings outstanding under our commercial paper program as of March 31, 2020.
We have a $1,450 million receivables securitization facility ("Receivables Securitization Facility"), which is scheduled to expire in September 2022. We have available to us an accordion feature whereby the commitment on the Receivables Securitization Facility may be increased by up to $250 million, subject to lender approval, for seasonal needs during the December and March quarters. Interest rates are based on prevailing market rates for short-term commercial paper or LIBOR plus a program fee. We pay a customary unused fee at prevailing market rates, annually, to maintain the availability under the Receivables Securitization Facility. The Receivables Securitization Facility contains similar covenants to the Multi-Currency Revolving Credit Facility, with which we were compliant as of March 31, 2020.
We have an uncommitted, unsecured line of credit available to us pursuant to a revolving credit note ("Revolving Credit Note"). The Revolving Credit Note provides us with the ability to request short-term unsecured revolving credit loans from time to time in a principal amount not to exceed $75 million. The Revolving Credit Note may be decreased or terminated by the bank or us at any time without prior notice. We also have a £30 million uncommitted U.K. overdraft facility ("Overdraft Facility"), which expires in February 2021, to fund short term normal trading cycle fluctuations related to our MWI business.
Nonrecourse debt is comprised of short-term and long-term debt belonging to the Brazil subsidiaries and is repaid solely from the Brazil subsidiaries' cash flows and such debt agreements provide that the repayment of the loans (and interest thereon) is secured solely by the capital stock, physical assets, contracts, and cash flows of the Brazil subsidiaries.
In October 2018, our board of directors authorized a share repurchase program allowing us to purchase up to $1.0 billion of outstanding shares of our common stock, subject to market conditions. During the six months ended March 31, 2020, we purchased $392.3 million of our common stock, which excluded $14.8 million of September 2019 purchases that cash settled in October 2019. As of March 31, 2020, we had $68.8 million of availability remaining under this program.
In May 2020, our board of directors authorized a new share repurchase program allowing us to purchase up to $500 million of our outstanding shares of common stock, subject to market conditions.
We have market risk exposure to interest rate fluctuations relating to our debt. We manage interest rate risk by using a combination of fixed-rate and variable-rate debt. The amount of variable-rate debt fluctuates during the year based on our working capital requirements. We had $851.4 million of variable-rate debt outstanding as of March 31, 2020. We periodically evaluate financial instruments to manage our exposure to fixed and variable interest rates. However, there are no assurances that such instruments will be available in the combinations we want and/or on terms acceptable to us. There were no such financial instruments in effect as of March 31, 2020.
We also have market risk exposure to interest rate fluctuations relating to our cash and cash equivalents. We had $3,691.9 million in cash and cash equivalents as of March 31, 2020. The unfavorable impact of a hypothetical decrease in interest rates on cash and cash equivalents would be partially offset by the favorable impact of such a decrease on variable-rate debt. For every $100 million of cash invested that is in excess of variable-rate debt, a 10-basis point decrease in interest rates would increase our annual net interest expense by $0.1 million.
We have minimal exposure to foreign currency and exchange rate risk from our non-U.S. operations. Our largest exposure to foreign exchange rates exists primarily with the Brazilian Real, the Euro, the U.K. Pound Sterling, and the Canadian Dollar. Revenue from our foreign operations is less than two percent of our consolidated revenue. We may utilize foreign currency
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denominated forward contracts to hedge against changes in foreign exchange rates. We may use derivative instruments to hedge our foreign currency exposure, but not for speculative or trading purposes.
The following is a summary of our contractual obligations for future principal and interest payments on our debt, minimum rental payments on our noncancellable operating leases, and minimum payments on our other commitments as of March 31, 2020:
Payments Due by Period (in thousands) | Debt, Including Interest Payments | Operating Leases | Other Commitments | Total | ||||||||||||
Within 1 year | $ | 672,106 | $ | 114,388 | $ | 102,559 | $ | 889,053 | ||||||||
1-3 years | 1,134,280 | 218,144 | 63,099 | 1,415,523 | ||||||||||||
4-5 years | 1,201,038 | 183,033 | 83,485 | 1,467,556 | ||||||||||||
After 5 years | 2,747,125 | 419,925 | 58,283 | 3,225,333 | ||||||||||||
Total | $ | 5,754,549 | $ | 935,490 | $ | 307,426 | $ | 6,997,465 | ||||||||
The 2017 Tax Act requires a one-time transition tax to be recognized on historical foreign earnings and profits. We expect to pay $182.6 million, net of overpayments and tax credits, related to the transition tax as of March 31, 2020, which is payable in installments over a six-year period commencing in January 2021. The transition tax commitment is included in "Other Commitments" in the above table.
Our liability for uncertain tax positions was $121.5 million (including interest and penalties) as of March 31, 2020. This liability represents an estimate of tax positions that we have taken in our tax returns which may ultimately not be sustained upon examination by taxing authorities. Since the amount and timing of any future cash settlements cannot be predicted with reasonable certainty, the estimated liability has been excluded from the above contractual obligations table.
During the six months ended March 31, 2020, our operating activities provided cash of $995.7 million in comparison to $1,103.3 million in the prior year period. Cash provided by operations during the six months ended March 31, 2020 was principally the result of an increase in accounts payable of $2,395.8 million, net income of $1,157.7 million, and non-cash items of $644.0 million, offset in part by increases in accounts receivable of $2,052.2 million and income taxes receivable of $693.6 million. The increase in accounts payable was primarily driven by the timing of scheduled payments to suppliers. The non-cash items were comprised primarily of a $361.7 million impairment of PharMEDium's assets (see Note 5 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements), $143.6 million of depreciation expense, and $66.6 million of amortization expense. The increase in accounts receivable was the result of our revenue growth and the timing of payments from our customers. The increase in income taxes receivable was the result of a benefit recorded in connection with certain discrete items (see Note 4 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements).
During the six months ended March 31, 2019, our operating activities provided $1,103.3 million of cash. Cash provided by operations during the six months ended March 31, 2019 was principally the result of an increase in accounts payable of $1,350.7 million, non-cash items of $820.4 million, and net income of $419.8 million, offset in part by increases in accounts receivable of $880.8 million and inventories of $420.2 million. The increase in accounts payable was primarily driven by the increase in inventories and the timing of scheduled payments to suppliers. The non-cash items were comprised primarily of a $570.0 million impairment of PharMEDium's assets, $171.8 million of depreciation expense, and $100.0 million of amortization expense. The increase in accounts receivable was the result of our revenue growth and the timing of payments from our customers. The increase in our inventories as of March 31, 2019 reflects the increase in business volume.
We use days sales outstanding, days inventory on hand, and days payable outstanding to evaluate our working capital performance. The below financial metrics are calculated based upon a quarterly average and can be impacted by the timing of cash receipts and disbursements, which can vary significantly depending upon the day of the week on which the month ends.
Three months ended March 31, | Six months ended March 31, | ||||||
2020 | 2019 | 2020 | 2019 | ||||
Days sales outstanding | 24.9 | 25.8 | 24.6 | 25.2 | |||
Days inventory on hand | 28.4 | 29.9 | 28.2 | 28.9 | |||
Days payable outstanding | 58.5 | 59.3 | 57.5 | 58.2 | |||
Our cash flows from operating activities can vary significantly from period to period based upon fluctuations in our period-end working capital account balances. Additionally, any changes to payment terms with a significant customer or manufacturer supplier could have a material impact to our cash flows from operations. Operating cash flows during the six months ended March 31, 2020 included $76.2 million of interest payments and $101.9 million of income tax payments, net of refunds.
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Operating cash flows during the six months ended March 31, 2019 included $84.6 million of interest payments and $69.7 million of income tax payments, net of refunds.
Capital expenditures for the six months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019 were $144.4 million and $161.5 million, respectively. Significant capital expenditures in the six months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019 included costs associated with various technology initiatives, including costs related to enhancing and upgrading our primary information technology operating systems. We currently expect to invest approximately $400 million for capital expenditures during fiscal 2020.
Net cash used in financing activities in the six months ended March 31, 2020 principally resulted from $407.2 million in purchases of our common stock and $170.5 million in cash dividends paid on our common stock. Net cash used in financing activities in the six months ended March 31, 2019 principally resulted from $348.0 million in purchases of our common stock and $170.4 million in cash dividends paid on our common stock.
In January 2020, our board of directors increased the quarterly dividend paid on common stock by 5% from $0.40 per share to $0.42 per share. We anticipate that we will continue to pay quarterly cash dividends in the future. However, the payment and amount of future dividends remains within the discretion of our board of directors and will depend upon future earnings, financial condition, capital requirements, and other factors.
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Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements
Certain of the statements contained in this Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations and elsewhere in this report are "forward-looking statements" within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933 and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. Words such as "expect," "likely," "outlook," "forecast," "would," "could," "should," "can," "project," "intend," "plan," "continue," "sustain," "synergy," "on track," "believe," "seek," "estimate," "anticipate," "may," "possible," "assume," variations of such words, and similar expressions are intended to identify such forward-looking statements. These statements are based on management's current expectations and are subject to uncertainty and changes in circumstances and speak only as of the date hereof. These statements are not guarantees of future performance and are based on assumptions and estimates that could prove incorrect or could cause actual results to vary materially from those indicated. Among the factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from those projected, anticipated, or implied are the following: unfavorable trends in brand and generic pharmaceutical pricing, including in rate or frequency of price inflation or deflation; competition and industry consolidation of both customers and suppliers resulting in increasing pressure to reduce prices for our products and services; changes in the United States healthcare and regulatory environment, including changes that could impact prescription drug reimbursement under Medicare and Medicaid; increasing governmental regulations regarding the pharmaceutical supply channel and pharmaceutical compounding; declining reimbursement rates for pharmaceuticals; continued federal and state government enforcement initiatives to detect and prevent suspicious orders of controlled substances and the diversion of controlled substances; continued prosecution or suit by federal, state and other governmental entities of alleged violations of laws and regulations regarding controlled substances, including due to failure to achieve a global resolution of the multi-district opioid litigation and other related state court litigation, and any related disputes, including shareholder derivative lawsuits; increased federal scrutiny and litigation, including qui tam litigation, for alleged violations of laws and regulations governing the marketing, sale, purchase and/or dispensing of pharmaceutical products or services, and associated reserves and costs; failure to comply with the Corporate Integrity Agreement; material adverse resolution of pending legal proceedings; the retention of key customer or supplier relationships under less favorable economics or the adverse resolution of any contract or other dispute with customers or suppliers; changes to customer or supplier payment terms, including as a result of the COVID-19 impact on such payment terms; risks associated with the strategic, long-term relationship between Walgreens Boots Alliance, Inc. and the Company, including principally with respect to the pharmaceutical distribution agreement and/or the global generic purchasing services arrangement; changes in tax laws or legislative initiatives that could adversely affect the Company's tax positions and/or the Company's tax liabilities or adverse resolution of challenges to the Company's tax positions; regulatory or enforcement action in connection with our former compounded sterile preparations (CSP) business or the related consent decree; managing foreign expansion, including non-compliance with the U.S. Foreign Corrupt Practices Act, anti-bribery laws, economic sanctions and import laws and regulations; financial market volatility and disruption; the loss, bankruptcy or insolvency of a major supplier, including as a result of COVID-19; substantial defaults in payment, material reduction in purchases by or the loss, bankruptcy or insolvency of a major customer, including as a result of COVID-19; financial and other impacts of COVID-19 on our operations or business continuity; changes to the customer or supplier mix; malfunction, failure or breach of sophisticated information systems to operate as designed; risks generally associated with data privacy regulation and the international transfer of personal data; natural disasters or other unexpected events that affect the Company’s operations; the impairment of goodwill or other intangible assets (including any additional impairments with respect to foreign operations), resulting in a charge to earnings; the acquisition of businesses that do not perform as expected, or that are difficult to integrate or control, or the inability to capture all of the anticipated synergies related thereto or to capture the anticipated synergies within the expected time period; the Company's ability to manage and complete divestitures; the disruption of the Company's cash flow and ability to return value to its stockholders in accordance with its past practices; interest rate and foreign currency exchange rate fluctuations; declining economic conditions in the United States and abroad; and other economic, business, competitive, legal, tax, regulatory and/or operational factors affecting the Company's business generally. Certain additional factors that management believes could cause actual outcomes and results to differ materially from those described in forward-looking statements are set forth (i) elsewhere in this report (including in Item 1A (Risk Factors)), (ii) in Item 1A (Risk Factors), in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended September 30, 2019 and elsewhere in that report and (iii) in other reports filed by the Company pursuant to the Securities Exchange Act. The Company undertakes no obligation to publicly update or revise any forward-looking statements, except as required by the federal securities laws.
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ITEM 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk
The Company’s most significant market risks are the effects of changing interest rates, foreign currency risk, and changes in the price and volatility of the Company’s common stock. See the discussion under "Liquidity and Capital Resources" in Item 2 on page 31.
ITEM 4. Controls and Procedures
Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures
The Company maintains disclosure controls and procedures that are intended to ensure that information required to be disclosed in the Company’s reports submitted under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the rules and forms of the SEC. These controls and procedures also are intended to ensure that information required to be disclosed in such reports is accumulated and communicated to management to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosures.
The Company’s Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, with the participation of other members of the Company’s management, have evaluated the effectiveness of the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures (as such term is defined in Rules 13a — 15(e) and 15d — 15(e) under the Exchange Act) and have concluded that the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures were effective for their intended purposes as of the end of the period covered by this report.
Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting
During the second quarter of fiscal 2020, there was no change in AmerisourceBergen Corporation’s internal control over financial reporting that materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, internal control over financial reporting.
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PART II. OTHER INFORMATION
ITEM 1. Legal Proceedings
See Note 10 (Legal Matters and Contingencies) of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements set forth under Item 1 of Part I of this report for the Company’s current description of legal proceedings.
ITEM 1A. Risk Factors
Except as supplemented by the additional risk factor disclosed below, our significant business risks are described in Item 1A to Form 10-K for the year ended September 30, 2019 to which reference is made herein.
We face risks related to health epidemics and pandemics, and the continued spread of COVID-19 is adversely affecting our business.
We face risks related to health epidemics and pandemics, including risks related to any responses thereto by the federal or state governments as well as customers and suppliers. The global coronavirus ("COVID-19") pandemic is adversely affecting, and is expected to continue to adversely affect, our operations, supply chains and distribution network, and we have experienced and expect to continue to experience unpredictable reductions in supply and demand for certain of our products and services. Further, it is possible that the manufacturers that produce the products that we distribute may experience delays or shutdowns due to COVID-19, such as from disruptions in their supply chains or in a suspension of production at their own facilities. Accordingly, we expect the continued spread of COVID-19 to adversely affect the supply of products and/or potentially disrupt our ability to deliver products to customers. Any extended disruption in our ability to service our customers could have a material adverse effect on our revenue, results of operations, and cash flows.
We also face risks related to our employees' health and the impact it may have on operations. Certain of our employees have contracted COVID-19 which resulted in our decision to temporarily close, and subsequently reopen, three of our distribution centers in accordance with our internal protocols. We have implemented measures designed to keep our employees safe and have protocols in place to address business continuity issues at our distribution centers and other locations, but a widespread or sustained outbreak of COVID-19 at one or more locations could disrupt our ability to service our customers.
Beginning in April 2020, COVID-19 has adversely impacted and may continue to adversely impact our revenue, results of operations, and cash flows. For instance, we have recently experienced lower revenues in certain of our specialty businesses due to lower patient volumes, which we believe is caused by delays in treatment. Further, demand for certain animal health products in our MWI business declined in the early weeks of the COVID-19 pandemic, and we believe that this trend may continue as customers reduce or postpone purchases viewed as discretionary. We also face risks related to a downturn in our customers' respective businesses, including the operations of our retail pharmacy and health systems customers. An economic slowdown or recession related to COVID-19 may affect our customers' ability to obtain credit to finance their business on acceptable terms, which could result in reduced spending on our products and services.
Certain enterprise-wide initiatives intended to improve our operational efficiency and financial performance, such as technology initiatives related to enhancing and upgrading our information technology systems, may take longer than originally expected to complete as we focus on COVID-19-related issues. Additionally, a large portion of our employees are working remotely. An extended period of remote work arrangements could strain our business continuity plans, introduce operational risk, including but not limited to cybersecurity risks, and impair our ability to manage our business.
The impacts of the continued spread of COVID-19 could also cause other unpredictable events, each of which could adversely affect our business, revenue, results of operations, cash flows or financial condition. For example, the continued spread of COVID-19 has led to disruption and volatility in the global capital markets, which could increase our cost of capital and adversely affect our ability to access the capital markets. A sustained or prolonged outbreak could exacerbate the adverse impact of such events, and the impact of COVID-19 may also exacerbate other risks discussed in Item 1A to our Form 10-K, any of which could have a material adverse effect on us.
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ITEM 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds
(c) Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities
The following table sets forth the number of shares purchased, the average price paid per share, the total number of shares purchased as part of publicly announced programs, and the approximate dollar value of shares that may yet be purchased under the programs during each month in the second quarter ended March 31, 2020. See Note 7. Stockholders' Equity and Earnings per Share contained in "Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements" in Part I, Item 1 of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for additional information.
Period | Total Number of Shares Purchased | Average Price Paid per Share | Total Number of Shares Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Programs | Approximate Dollar Value of Shares that May Yet Be Purchased Under the Programs | ||||||||||
January 1 to January 31 | 193,502 | $ | 84.48 | 193,502 | $ | 315,037,604 | ||||||||
February 1 to February 29 | 352,025 | $ | 82.84 | 352,025 | $ | 285,874,551 | ||||||||
March 1 to March 31 | 2,643,138 | $ | 82.12 | 2,643,138 | $ | 68,813,634 | ||||||||
Total | 3,188,665 | 3,188,665 | ||||||||||||
ITEM 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities
None.
ITEM 4. Mine Safety Disclosures
Not applicable.
ITEM 5. Other Information
None.
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ITEM 6. Exhibits
(a) Exhibits:
Exhibit Number | Description |
10.1 | |
31.1 | |
31.2 | |
32 | |
101 | Financial statements from the Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q of AmerisourceBergen Corporation for the quarter ended March 31, 2020, formatted in Inline Extensible Business Reporting Language (iXBRL): (i) the Consolidated Balance Sheets, (ii) the Consolidated Statements of Operations, (iii) the Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income, (iv) the Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders' Equity, (v) the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows, and (vi) the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements. |
104 | Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as Inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101). |
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SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.
AMERISOURCEBERGEN CORPORATION | |
May 7, 2020 | /s/ Steven H. Collis |
Steven H. Collis | |
Chairman, President & Chief Executive Officer | |
May 7, 2020 | /s/ James F. Cleary |
James F. Cleary | |
Executive Vice President & Chief Financial Officer | |
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