CF Industries Holdings, Inc. - Annual Report: 2012 (Form 10-K)

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PART IV

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UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-K

Commission file number 001-32597

CF INDUSTRIES HOLDINGS, INC.
(Exact name of Registrant as specified in its charter)

Securities Registered Pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: None

         Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes ý No o

         Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act. Yes o No ý

         Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ý No o

         Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files). Yes ý No o

         Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K is not contained herein and will not be contained, to the best of registrant's knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this Form 10-K. o

         Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company. See the definitions of "large accelerated filer," "accelerated filer" and "smaller reporting company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one):

         Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act).
Yes o No ý

         The aggregate market value of the registrant's common stock held by non-affiliates was $12,081,046,149 based on the closing sale price of common stock on June 30, 2012.

         63,004,257 shares of the registrant's common stock, $0.01 par value per share, were outstanding at January 31, 2013.

DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE

         Portions of the registrant's definitive proxy statement for its 2013 annual meeting of stockholders (Proxy Statement) are incorporated herein by reference into Part III of this Annual Report on Form 10-K. The Proxy Statement will be filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission, pursuant to Regulation 14A, not later than 120 days after the end of the 2012 fiscal year, or, if we do not file the proxy statement within such 120-day period, we will amend this Annual Report on Form 10-K to include the information required under Part III hereof not later than the end of such 120-day period.

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CF INDUSTRIES HOLDINGS, INC.

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PART I

ITEM 1.    BUSINESS.

Our Company

        All references to "CF Holdings," "the Company," "we," "us" and "our" refer to CF Industries Holdings, Inc. and its subsidiaries, except where the context makes clear that the reference is only to CF Holdings itself and not its subsidiaries. Notes referenced throughout this document refer to financial statement footnote disclosures that are found in Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data, Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

        We are one of the largest manufacturers and distributors of nitrogen and phosphate fertilizer products in the world. Our operations are organized into two business segments—the nitrogen segment and the phosphate segment. Our principal customers are cooperatives and independent fertilizer distributors. Our principal fertilizer products in the nitrogen segment are ammonia, granular urea, urea ammonium nitrate solution, or UAN, and ammonium nitrate, or AN. Our other nitrogen products include urea liquor, diesel exhaust fluid, or DEF, and aqua ammonia, which are sold primarily to our industrial customers. Our principal fertilizer products in the phosphate segment are diammonium phosphate, or DAP, and monoammonium phosphate, or MAP.

        Our core market and distribution facilities are concentrated in the midwestern United States and other major agricultural areas of the U.S. and Canada. We also export nitrogen fertilizer products from our Donaldsonville, Louisiana manufacturing facilities and phosphate fertilizer products from our Florida phosphate operations through our Tampa port facility.

        Our principal assets include:

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five nitrogen fertilizer manufacturing facilities in Donaldsonville, Louisiana (the largest nitrogen fertilizer complex in North America), Port Neal, Iowa, Courtright, Ontario, Yazoo City, Mississippi and Woodward, Oklahoma;



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a 75.3% interest in Terra Nitrogen Company, L.P. (TNCLP), a publicly traded limited partnership of which we are the sole general partner and the majority limited partner and which, through its subsidiary Terra Nitrogen, Limited Partnership (TNLP), operates a nitrogen fertilizer manufacturing facility in Verdigris, Oklahoma;



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a 66% economic interest in the largest nitrogen fertilizer complex in Canada which we operate in Medicine Hat, Alberta through Canadian Fertilizers Limited (CFL), a consolidated variable interest entity. We have announced our plans to acquire all of the noncontrolling interests of CFL (see Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (MD&A));



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one of the largest integrated ammonium phosphate fertilizer complexes in the United States in Plant City, Florida;



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the most-recently constructed phosphate rock mine and associated beneficiation plant in the United States in Hardee County, Florida;



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an extensive system of terminals and associated transportation equipment located primarily in the midwestern United States; and

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joint venture investments that we account for under the equity method, which consist of:



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a 50% interest in GrowHow UK Limited (GrowHow), a nitrogen products production joint venture located in the United Kingdom and serving primarily the British agricultural and industrial markets;



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a 50% interest in Point Lisas Nitrogen Limited (PLNL), an ammonia production joint venture located in the Republic of Trinidad and Tobago; and



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a 50% interest in KEYTRADE AG (Keytrade), a global fertilizer trading company headquartered near Zurich, Switzerland.

        For the year ended December 31, 2012, we sold 13.0 million tons of nitrogen fertilizers and 2.0 million tons of phosphate fertilizers, generating net sales of $6.1 billion and pre-tax earnings of $2.8 billion.

        Our principal executive offices are located outside of Chicago, Illinois, at 4 Parkway North, Suite 400, Deerfield, Illinois 60015 and our telephone number is 847-405-2400. Our Internet website address is www.cfindustries.com. Information made available on our website does not constitute part of the Annual Report on Form 10-K.

        We make available free of charge on or through our Internet website, www.cfindustries.com, all of our reports on Forms 10-K, 10-Q and 8-K and all amendments to those reports as soon as reasonably practicable after such material is filed electronically with, or furnished to, the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC). Copies of our Corporate Governance Guidelines, Code of Corporate Conduct and charters for the Audit Committee, Compensation Committee, and Corporate Governance and Nominating Committee of our Board of Directors are also available on our Internet website. We will provide electronic or paper copies of these documents free of charge upon request. The SEC also maintains a website at www.sec.gov that contains reports, proxy and information statements and other information regarding issuers that file electronically with the SEC.

Company History

        We were founded in 1946 as a fertilizer brokerage operation by a group of regional agricultural cooperatives. During the 1960s, we expanded our distribution capabilities and diversified into fertilizer manufacturing through the acquisition of several existing plants and facilities. During the 1970s and again during the 1990s, we expanded our production and distribution capabilities significantly, spending approximately $1 billion in each of these decades.

        We operated as a traditional manufacturing and supply cooperative until 2002, when we adopted a new business model that established financial performance as our principal objective, rather than assured supply to our owners. A critical aspect of the new business model was to establish a more economically driven approach to the marketplace.

        In August 2005, we completed our initial public offering (IPO) of common stock, which is listed on the New York Stock Exchange. In connection with the IPO, we consummated a reorganization transaction whereby we ceased to be a cooperative and our pre-IPO owners' equity interests in CF Industries, Inc., now our wholly-owned subsidiary, were cancelled in exchange for all of the proceeds of the offering and shares of our common stock.

        In April 2010, we acquired Terra Industries Inc. (Terra), a leading North American producer and marketer of nitrogen fertilizer products for a purchase price of $4.6 billion, which was paid in cash and shares of our common stock. Terra's financial results have been included in our consolidated financial results and in the nitrogen segment results since the acquisition date of April 5, 2010. As a result of the

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Terra acquisition, we acquired five nitrogen fertilizer manufacturing facilities, our 75.3% interest in TNCLP and certain joint venture interests.

Operating Segments

        Our business is divided into two operating segments, the nitrogen segment and the phosphate segment. The nitrogen segment includes the manufacture and sale of ammonia, granular urea, UAN and AN. The phosphate segment includes the manufacture and sale of DAP and MAP.

Nitrogen Segment

        We are the largest nitrogen fertilizer producer in North America. Our primary nitrogen fertilizer products are ammonia, granular urea, UAN and AN. Our historical sales of nitrogen fertilizer products are shown in the following table. The sales shown do not reflect amounts used internally, such as ammonia, in the manufacture of other products.

        Gross margin for the nitrogen segment was $2,913.6 million, $2,563.2 million and $1,026.7 million for the fiscal years ended December 31, 2012, 2011 and 2010, respectively. Total assets for the nitrogen segment were $6.0 billion as of both December 31, 2012 and 2011 and $6.1 billion as of December 31, 2010.

        We operate seven nitrogen fertilizer production facilities in North America. We own 100% of four production facilities in the Central United States and one in Ontario, Canada. We also have a 75.3% interest in TNCLP and its subsidiary, TNLP, which owns a nitrogen fertilizer facility in Verdigris, Oklahoma, and a 66% economic interest in CFL, a variable interest entity that owns the nitrogen fertilizer complex in Medicine Hat, Alberta, Canada. In 2012, the combined production capacity of these seven facilities represented approximately 39%, 34%, 47% and 22% of North American ammonia, granular urea, UAN and ammonium nitrate production capacity, respectively. Each of our nitrogen fertilizer production facilities in North America has on-site storage to provide flexibility to manage the flow of outbound shipments without impacting production.

        Our joint venture interests in PLNL and GrowHow provide additional production capacity in three additional nitrogen fertilizer production facilities, one located in the Republic of Trinidad and Tobago and two located in the United Kingdom.

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        The following table shows the production capacities at each of our nitrogen fertilizer production facilities:

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        The following table summarizes our nitrogen fertilizer production volume for the last three years.

Donaldsonville, Louisiana

        The Donaldsonville nitrogen fertilizer complex is the largest nitrogen fertilizer production facility in North America. It has five world-scale ammonia plants, four urea plants, three nitric acid plants and two UAN plants. The complex, which is located on the Mississippi River, includes deep-water docking facilities, access to an ammonia pipeline, and truck and railroad loading capabilities. The complex has on-site storage for 130,000 tons of ammonia, 168,000 tons of UAN (measured on a 32% nitrogen content basis) and 83,000 tons of granular urea.

        In the fourth quarter of 2012, we announced plans to invest $2.1 billion in an expansion project at our Donaldsonville, Louisiana facility which is projected to be completed by 2016. When completed, this project will increase our annual capacity of ammonia and granular urea each by approximately 1.3 million tons. For additional details regarding this project, see MD&A—Liquidity and Capital Resources.

Medicine Hat, Alberta, Canada

        Medicine Hat is the largest nitrogen fertilizer complex in Canada. The facility is owned by CFL, a variable interest entity which we consolidate in our financial statements. It has two ammonia plants and a urea plant. The complex has on-site storage for 60,000 tons of ammonia and 70,000 tons of urea.

        We operate the Medicine Hat facility and purchase approximately 66% of the facility's ammonia and urea production, pursuant to a management agreement and a product purchase agreement. We ship our share of ammonia and urea produced at the Medicine Hat nitrogen fertilizer complex by truck and rail to customers in the United States and Canada and to our storage facilities in the northern United States. Viterra, Inc. (Viterra), which owns 34% of CFL, has the right, but not the obligation, to purchase the remaining 34% of the facility's ammonia and urea production under a similar product purchase agreement. To the extent that Viterra does not purchase its 34% of the facility's production, we are obligated to purchase any remaining amounts. However, since 1995, Viterra and its predecessor purchased at least 34% of the facility's production each year.

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        In August 2012, we entered into an agreement to acquire the 34% of CFL's common and preferred shares owned by Viterra and the product purchase agreement between Viterra and CFL for a total purchase price of C$0.9 billion, subject to certain adjustments. In October 2012, we entered into an agreement with each of GROWMARK and La Coop fédérée to acquire CFL's common shares held by them. As a result of these transactions, we will own 100% of CFL and will be entitled to purchase 100% of CFL's ammonia and granular urea production. The completion of the transactions is subject to receipt of regulatory approvals in Canada and other terms and conditions in the definitive agreements.

        For further information about CFL, see Note 4—Noncontrolling Interest.

Port Neal, Iowa

        The Port Neal facility is located approximately 12 miles south of Sioux City, Iowa on the Missouri River. The facility consists of an ammonia plant, two urea plants, two nitric acid plants and a UAN plant. The location has on-site storage for 30,000 tons of ammonia and 81,000 tons of 32% UAN.

        In the fourth quarter of 2012, we announced plans to invest $1.7 billion in an expansion project at our Port Neal, Iowa facility which is projected to be completed by 2016. When completed, this project will increase our annual capacity of ammonia by approximately 0.8 million tons and granular urea by approximately 1.3 million tons. For additional details regarding this project, see MD&A—Liquidity and Capital Resources.

Verdigris, Oklahoma

        The Verdigris facility is located northeast of Tulsa, Oklahoma, near the Verdigris River and is owned by TNLP. It is the second largest UAN production facility in North America. The facility comprises two ammonia plants, two nitric acid plants, two urea plants, two UAN plants and a port terminal. Through our 75.3% interest in TNCLP and its subsidiary, TNLP, we operate the plants and lease the port terminal from the Tulsa-Rogers County Port Authority. The complex has on-site storage for 28,000 tons of ammonia and 49,100 tons of 32% UAN.

Woodward, Oklahoma

        The Woodward facility is located in rural northwest Oklahoma and consists of an ammonia plant, two nitric acid plants, two urea plants and two UAN plants. The facility has on-site storage for 36,000 tons of ammonia and 83,900 tons of 32% UAN.

Yazoo City, Mississippi

        The facility includes one ammonia plant, four nitric acid plants, an AN plant, two urea plants, a UAN plant and a dinitrogen tetroxide production and storage facility. The site has on-site storage for 28,000 tons of ammonia, 48,000 tons of 32% UAN and 7,000 tons of AN and related products.

Courtright, Ontario, Canada

        The Courtright facility is located south of Sarnia, Ontario near the St. Clair River. The facility consists of one ammonia plant, a UAN plant, a nitric acid plant and one urea plant. The location has on-site storage for 64,100 tons of ammonia, 10,400 tons of granular urea and 16,000 tons of 32% UAN.

Point Lisas, Trinidad

        The Point Lisas Nitrogen facility in the Republic of Trinidad and Tobago is owned jointly through a 50/50 venture with Koch Fertilizers. This facility has the capacity to produce 720,000 tons of ammonia

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annually from natural gas supplied under a contract with the National Gas Company of Trinidad and Tobago.

United Kingdom

        GrowHow is a 50/50 joint venture between us and Yara International ASA (Yara) that owns and operates the Ince and Billingham facilities. The Ince facility is located in northwestern England and consists of an ammonia plant, three nitric acid plants, an AN plant and three fertilizer compound plants. The Billingham facility located in the Teesside chemical area, is geographically split among two primary areas: the main site contains an ammonia plant, three nitric acid plants and a carbon dioxide plant and the Portrack site, approximately two miles away, contains an AN fertilizer plant.

Nitrogen Fertilizer Raw Materials

        Natural gas is the principal raw material and primary fuel source used in the ammonia production process at our nitrogen fertilizer manufacturing facilities. In 2012, natural gas accounted for approximately 39% of our total cost of sales for nitrogen fertilizers and a higher percentage of cash production costs (total production costs less depreciation and amortization). Our nitrogen fertilizer manufacturing facilities have access to abundant, competitively-priced natural gas through a reliable network of pipelines that are connected to major natural gas trading hubs near the facilities. We have facilities located at or near Henry Hub in Louisiana, ONEOK in Oklahoma, AECO in Alberta, Ventura in Iowa and Dawn in Ontario.

        Our nitrogen manufacturing facilities consume, in the aggregate, in excess of 250 million MMBtus of natural gas annually. We employ a combination of spot and term purchases from a variety of quality suppliers to maintain a reliable, competitively-priced supply of natural gas. We also use certain financial instruments to hedge natural gas prices. For further information about our natural gas hedging activities, see Note 25—Derivative Financial Instruments.

Nitrogen Fertilizer Distribution

        The safe, efficient and economical distribution of nitrogen fertilizer products is critical for successful operations. Our nitrogen fertilizer production facilities have access to multiple transportation modes by which we ship fertilizer to terminals, warehouses and customers. Each of our production facilities has a unique distribution pattern based on its production capability and location.

        Our North American production facilities can ship products via truck and rail to customers and our storage facilities in the U.S. and Canada, with access to our leased railcar fleet of approximately 5,200 tank and hopper cars, as well as railcars provided by rail carriers.

        The North American waterway system is also used extensively to ship products from our Donaldsonville, Verdigris and Yazoo City facilities. We employ a fleet of ten leased tow boats and 32 river barges to ship ammonia and UAN. We also utilize contract marine services to move urea and phosphate fertilizers.

        Three of our nitrogen production facilities also have access to pipelines for the transportation of ammonia. The Donaldsonville facility is connected to the 2,000-mile long Nustar pipeline through which we transport ammonia to more than 20 terminals and shipping points in the midwestern U.S. corn belt. Our Verdigris and Port Neal facilities are connected to the 1,100-mile long Magellan ammonia pipeline that also serves the U.S. Midwest.

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Phosphate Segment

        We are a major manufacturer of phosphate fertilizer products. Our phosphate fertilizer products are DAP and MAP.

        Our historical sales of phosphate fertilizer products are shown in the table below.

        Gross margin for the phosphate segment was $199.7 million, $332.4 million and $152.8 million for the fiscal years ended December 31, 2012, 2011 and 2010, respectively. Total assets for the phosphate segment were $795.2 million, $696.4 million and $618.3 million as of December 31, 2012, 2011 and 2010, respectively.

        Our phosphate fertilizer manufacturing operations are located in central Florida and consist of a phosphate fertilizer chemical complex in Plant City, a phosphate rock mine, a beneficiation plant and phosphate rock reserves in Hardee County and a deepwater terminal facility in the port of Tampa. We own each of these facilities and properties.

        The following table summarizes our phosphate fertilizer production volumes for the last three years and current production capacities for phosphate-related products.

Hardee County Phosphate Rock Mine

        In 1975, we purchased 20,000 acres of land in Hardee County, Florida that was originally estimated to contain in excess of 100 million tons of recoverable rock reserves. Between 1978 and 1993, we operated a one million ton per year phosphate rock mine on a 5,000-acre portion of these reserves. In 1995, we began operations at an expanded mine on the remaining 15,000-acre area of the reserve property. Since that time, we have acquired additional rock reserves through acquisitions or exchanges of several smaller parcels of land.

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        The table below shows the estimated reserves at the Hardee phosphate complex as of December 31, 2012. Also reflected in the table is the grade of the reserves, expressed as a percentage of bone phosphate of lime (BPL) and P₂O₅. The table also reflects the average values of the following material contaminants contained in the reserves: ferrous oxide (Fe₂O₃) plus aluminum oxide (Al₂O₃) and magnesium oxide (MgO).

PROVEN AND PROBABLE RESERVES⁽¹⁾
As of December 31, 2012

        Our phosphate reserve estimates are based on geological data assembled and analyzed by our staff geologist as of December 31, 2012. Reserve estimates are updated periodically to reflect actual phosphate rock recovered, new drilling information and other geological or mining data. Estimates for 99% of the reserves are based on 20-acre density drilling.

Plant City Phosphate Complex

        Our Plant City phosphate fertilizer complex is one of the largest phosphate fertilizer facilities in North America. At one million tons per year, its phosphoric acid capacity represents approximately 10% of the total U.S. capacity. All of Plant City's phosphoric acid is converted into ammonium phosphates (DAP and MAP), representing approximately 13% of U.S. capacity for ammonium phosphate fertilizer products in 2012. The combination of the Plant City phosphate fertilizer complex and the Hardee mine gives us one of the largest integrated ammonium phosphate fertilizer operations in North America.

Bartow Phosphate Complex

        We own a site in Bartow, Florida on which we operated a phosphate manufacturing complex. This complex ceased production in 1999 and the former manufacturing facilities have been dismantled and disposed of in accordance with local laws and regulations. The related phosphogypsum stack has been closed and the former storage and distribution facilities were sold along with excess land. We continue to be obligated for the closure of the cooling pond, management of water treatment on the site and providing long-term care for the site in accordance with regulatory requirements.

Phosphate Raw Materials

        Phosphate Rock Supply.    Phosphate rock is the basic nutrient source for phosphate fertilizers. Approximately 3.5 tons of phosphate rock are needed to produce one ton of P₂O₅ (the measure of nutrient content of phosphate fertilizers). Our Plant City phosphate fertilizer complex typically consumes in excess of three million tons of rock annually. As of December 31, 2012, our Hardee rock mine had approximately 12 years of fully permitted recoverable phosphate reserves remaining at current operating rates. We have initiated the process of applying for authorization and permits to

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expand the geographical area at our Hardee property where we can mine. The expanded area has an estimated 34.7 million tons of recoverable phosphate reserves. We estimate that we will be able to conduct mining operations at our Hardee property for approximately 10 additional years at current operating rates, assuming we secure the authorization and permits to mine in this area.

        Sulfur Supply.    Sulfur is used to produce sulfuric acid, which is combined with phosphate rock to produce phosphoric acid. Approximately three quarters of a long ton of sulfur is needed to produce one ton of P₂O₅. Our Plant City phosphate fertilizer complex uses approximately 800,000 long tons of sulfur annually when operating at capacity. We obtain molten sulfur from several domestic and foreign producers under contracts of varied duration. In 2012, Martin Sulphur, our largest molten sulfur supplier, supplied approximately 61% of the molten sulfur used at Plant City.

        Ammonia Supply.    DAP and MAP have a nitrogen content of 18% and 11%, respectively, and a phosphate nutrient content of 46% and 52%, respectively. Ammonia is the primary source of nitrogen in DAP and MAP. Operating at capacity, our Plant City phosphate fertilizer complex consumes approximately 400,000 tons of ammonia annually.

        The ammonia used at our Plant City phosphate fertilizer complex is shipped by rail from our ammonia storage facility located in Tampa, Florida. This facility consists of a 38,000-ton ammonia storage tank, access to a deep-water dock that is capable of discharging ocean-going vessels, and rail and truck loading facilities. In addition to supplying our Plant City phosphate fertilizer complex, our Tampa ammonia distribution system has the capacity to support ammonia sales to, and distribution services for other customers. Sales of ammonia from our Tampa terminal are reported in our nitrogen business segment. The ammonia supply for Tampa is purchased from offshore sources, providing us with access to the broad international ammonia market.

Phosphate Distribution

        We operate a phosphate fertilizer warehouse located at a deep-water port facility in Tampa, Florida. Most of the phosphate fertilizer produced at Plant City is shipped by truck or rail to our Tampa warehouse, where it is loaded onto vessels for shipment to export customers or for transport across the Gulf of Mexico to the Mississippi River. In 2012, our Tampa warehouse handled approximately 1.3 million tons of phosphate fertilizers, or about 67% of our production. The remainder of our phosphate fertilizer production is transported by truck or rail directly to customers or to in-market storage facilities.

        Phosphate fertilizer shipped across the Gulf of Mexico to the Mississippi River is transferred into river barges near New Orleans. Phosphate fertilizer in these river barges is transported to our storage facilities or delivered directly to customers. River transportation is provided primarily under an agreement with one of the major inland river system barge operators.

Storage Facilities and Other Properties

        At December 31, 2012, we owned or leased space at 76 in-market storage terminals and warehouses located in a 20-state region. Including storage at our production facilities and at the Tampa

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warehouse and ammonia terminal, we have an aggregate storage capacity for approximately three million tons of fertilizer. Our storage capabilities are summarized in the following table.

Customers

        The principal customers for our nitrogen and phosphate fertilizers are cooperatives and independent fertilizer distributors. CHS Inc. was our largest customer in 2012 and accounted for ten percent of our consolidated net sales. Sales are generated by our internal marketing and sales force.

Competition

        Our markets are intensely competitive, based primarily on delivered price and to a lesser extent on customer service and product quality. During the peak demand periods, product availability and delivery time also play a role in the buying decisions of customers.

        In our nitrogen segment, our primary North American-based competitors include Agrium and Koch Nitrogen. There is also significant competition from products sourced from other regions of the world, including some with lower natural gas costs. Because ammonia, urea and UAN are widely-traded fertilizer products and there are limited barriers to entry, we experience competition from foreign-sourced products continuously.

        In our phosphate segment, our primary North American-based competitors include Agrium, Mosaic, Potash Corp. and Simplot. The domestic phosphate industry is tied to the global market through its position as the world's largest exporter of DAP/MAP. Consequently, phosphate fertilizer prices and demand for U.S. DAP/MAP are subject to considerable volatility and dependent on a wide variety of factors impacting the world market, including fertilizer and/or trade policies of foreign governments, changes in ocean bound freight rates and international currency fluctuations.

Seasonality

        The sales patterns of our six major products are seasonal. The strongest demand for our products occurs during the spring planting season, with a second period of strong demand following the fall harvest. We and/or our customers generally build inventories during the low demand periods of the year in order to ensure timely product availability during the peak sales seasons. Seasonality is greatest for ammonia due to the limited ability of our customers and their customers to store significant

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quantities of this product. The seasonality of fertilizer demand generally results in our sales volumes and net sales being the highest during the spring and our working capital requirements being the highest just prior to the start of the spring season. Our quarterly financial results can vary significantly from one year to the next due to weather-related shifts in planting schedules and purchasing patterns.

Financial Information About Foreign and Domestic Sales and Operations

        The amount of net sales attributable to our sales to foreign and domestic markets over the last three fiscal years and the carrying value of our foreign and domestic assets are set forth in Note 30—Segment Disclosures.

Environment, Health and Safety

        We are subject to numerous environmental, health and safety laws and regulations, including laws and regulations relating to land reclamation; the generation, treatment, storage, disposal and handling of hazardous substances and wastes; and the cleanup of hazardous substance releases. These laws include the Clean Air Act, the Clean Water Act, the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA), the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act (CERCLA), the Toxic Substances Control Act and various other federal, state, provincial, local and international statutes. Violations can result in substantial penalties, court orders to install pollution-control equipment, civil and criminal sanctions, permit revocations and facility shutdowns. In addition, environmental, health and safety laws and regulations may impose joint and several liability, without regard to fault, for cleanup costs on potentially responsible parties who have released or disposed of hazardous substances into the environment.

Environmental Health and Safety Expenditures

        Our environmental, health and safety capital expenditures in 2012 totaled approximately $45.2 million. In 2013, we estimate that we will spend approximately $61.3 million for environmental, health and safety capital expenditures. The increase in expenditures in 2013 is primarily related to certain projects to reduce emissions from our facilities, including projects to improve the integrity and capacity of storage tanks at certain plant locations. Environmental, health and safety laws and regulations are complex, change frequently and have tended to become more stringent over time. We expect that continued government and public emphasis on environmental issues will result in increased future expenditures for environmental controls at our operations. Such expenditures could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.

Clean Air Act—Section 185 Fee

        Our Donaldsonville Nitrogen Complex is located in a five-parish region near Baton Rouge, Louisiana that, as of 2005, was designated as being in "severe" nonattainment with respect to the national ambient air quality standard (NAAQS) for ozone (the "1-hour ozone standard") pursuant to the Federal Clean Air Act (the Clean Air Act). Section 185 of the Act requires states, in their state implementation plans, to levy a fee (Section 185 fee) on major stationary sources (such as the Donaldsonville facility) located in a severe nonattainment area that did not meet the 1-hour ozone standard by November 30, 2005. For additional information on the Section 185 fee, see Note 29—Contingencies.

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Clean Air Act Information Request

        On February 26, 2009, the Company received a letter from the EPA under Section 114 of the Federal Clean Air Act requesting information and copies of records relating to compliance with New Source Review and New Source Performance Standards at the Donaldsonville facility. For additional information on the Clean Air Act Information Request, see Note 29—Contingencies.

Clean Air Act Investigation.

        By letter dated June 16, 2010, the Company received a Notice of Violation (NOV) from the EPA alleging violations of the Prevention of Significant Deterioration (PSD) Clean Air Act regulations relating to certain projects undertaken at the Company's sulfuric acid plants at its Plant City, Florida facility. For additional information on the Clean Air Act Investigation, see Legal Proceedings—Environmental and Note 29—Contingencies.

EPCRA/CERCLA Investigation

        By letter dated July 6, 2010, the EPA issued to the Company a NOV alleging violations of the Emergency Planning and Community Right-to-know Act (EPCRA) and CERCLA. For additional information on the EPCRA/CERCLA Investigation, see Legal Proceedings—Environmental and Note 29—Contingencies.

CERCLA/Remediation Matters

        From time to time, we receive notices from governmental agencies or third parties alleging that we are a potentially responsible party at certain cleanup sites under CERCLA or other environmental cleanup laws. In 2002 and in 2009, we were asked by the current owner of a former phosphate mine and processing facility that we owned in the late 1950s and early 1960s located in Georgetown Canyon, Idaho, to contribute to a cleanup of the former processing portion of the site. For additional information on the CERCLA/Remediation matters, see Note 29—Contingencies.

Federal and State Numeric Nutrient Criteria Regulation

        On August 18, 2009, the EPA entered into a consent decree with certain environmental groups with respect to the promulgation of numeric criteria for nitrogen and phosphorous in surface waters in Florida. The consent decree was approved by a Federal District Court (the Court) on November 16, 2009. The EPA adopted final numeric nutrient criteria for Florida lakes and inland flowing waters on November 14, 2010. On February 18, 2012, the Court upheld parts of the numeric nutrient criteria regulation, but found that the EPA had not adequately justified the criteria for streams and therefore concluded that the adoption of such criteria was arbitrary and capricious. The Court ordered the EPA to issue proposed or final numeric nutrient criteria for streams by May 21, 2012 (subject to the EPA seeking an extension of such time period pursuant to the terms of the 2009 consent decree). Subsequently, the Court granted the EPA's motion to allow the EPA to propose numeric nutrient criteria for streams by November 30, 2012 and to finalize such criteria by August 31, 2013.

        In December 2011, the State of Florida proposed its own numeric nutrient criteria for surface waters. The nitrogen and phosphorous criteria in the proposed rule are substantially identical to the federal rule, but the state proposal includes biological verification as a component of the criteria and adopts existing nutrient Total Maximum Daily Loads (TMDL) as applicable numeric criteria. The impact of these modifications could be to provide more flexibility with respect to nitrogen and phosphorous limits in wastewater discharge permits so long as such discharges do not impair the biological health of receiving water bodies. Environmental groups filed a challenge to the proposed

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state rule, but the rule was upheld by an administrative law judge on June 8, 2012 and became final. An appeal of the administrative decision upholding the rule is now pending before a Florida appellate court.

        On November 30, 2012, the EPA approved Florida's rule. However, because the EPA identified what it considered to be gaps in the scope of the waters covered by Florida's rule and potential legal issues that might bar the Florida rule from going into effect, the EPA, pursuant to the Court order described above, has again proposed numeric nutrient criteria for Florida streams. There is substantial uncertainty as to whether this rule will be withdrawn before it is finalized or, if a rule is finalized, as to the scope of Florida inland flowing waters that will be covered by the EPA regulation.

        Moreover, notwithstanding the EPA's approval of the Florida rule, the federal criteria for lakes and inland waters previously upheld by the Court (excluding the criteria found to be arbitrary and capricious) became effective on January 6, 2013. The EPA has proposed to stay the effective date of these criteria in light of the on-going developments with the Florida regulation.

        The 2009 consent decree also requires the EPA to develop numeric nutrient criteria for Florida coastal and estuarine waters. The numeric criteria adopted by the State of Florida and approved by the EPA includes numeric criteria for some coastal and estuarine waters, but, as with streams, EPA has raised issues regarding the scope of coverage of Florida's regulation. Accordingly, on November 30, 2012, the EPA proposed numeric nutrient criteria for Florida coastal and estuarine waters. The EPA must finalize these criteria by September 30, 2013 unless future developments allow the EPA to withdraw the rule.

        Depending on the developments discussed herein, federal or state numeric nutrient water quality criteria for Florida waters could result in substantially more stringent nitrogen and phosphorous limits in wastewater discharge permits for our mining, manufacturing and distribution operations in Florida. More stringent limits on wastewater discharge could increase our costs and limit our operations and, therefore, could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.

Regulation of Greenhouse Gases

        We are subject to regulations in the United Kingdom, Canada and the United States concerning climate change and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions.

        The United Kingdom is a party to the Kyoto Protocol. As a result of agreements reached during a conference in Durban, South Africa in 2011, the Kyoto Protocol will continue in force for a second commitment period, which will expire by 2020, to be replaced by another international agreement to be negotiated by 2015 (which agreement is to go into effect in 2020). The United Kingdom has adopted GHG emissions regulations, including regulations to implement the European Union Greenhouse Gas Trading System. Our joint venture U.K. manufacturing plants are required to report GHG emissions annually to the United Kingdom Environment Agency pursuant to their site Environmental Permits and Climate Change Agreement, which specify energy efficiency targets. Failure to meet efficiency targets may require the joint venture to purchase CO₂ emissions allowances. The steam boilers at each of our joint venture U.K. sites are also subject to the European Union Emissions Trading Scheme. More stringent GHG emission limits in the U.K and Europe are expected to go into effect beginning in 2013.

        In Canada (which in December 2011 withdrew from further participation in the Kyoto Protocol, but signed the Durban platform to negotiate a new international GHG agreement or protocol by 2015), we are required to conduct an annual review of our operations with respect to compliance with Environment Canada's National Pollutant Release Inventory and Ontario's Mandatory Monitoring and

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Reporting Regulation and the GHG Reporting Regulation. Ontario is also a party to the Western Climate Initiative, comprised of California (the other states in the initiative having withdrawn) and several Canadian provinces, which intends to establish a cap and trade regime for the trading of GHG credits within the regional area beginning in 2013. Although Ontario has not disavowed its participation in the initiative, it has not developed regulations to establish a cap and trade program.

        In the United States (not a party to the Kyoto Protocol, but a signatory to the Durban platform with respect to the negotiation of a replacement for the Kyoto Protocol), GHG regulation is evolving at state, regional and federal levels. The EPA has issued federal GHG regulations that impact our facilities, including a mandatory GHG reporting rule that required all of our U.S. manufacturing facilities to commence monitoring GHG emissions beginning on January 1, 2010 and begin reporting the previous year's emissions annually starting in 2011. In May 2010, the EPA issued the Prevention of Significant Deterioration (PSD) and Title V Greenhouse Gas Tailoring Rule (Tailoring Rule). This regulation establishes that the construction of new or modification of existing major sources of GHG emissions would become subject to the PSD air permitting program (and later, the Title V permitting program) beginning in January 2011, and the regulation could significantly decrease the emissions thresholds that would subject facilities to these regulations in the future. On December 20, 2012, the U.S. Court of Appeals for the D.C. Circuit rejected a request to reconsider its decision to uphold the GHG regulations. Regulation of GHG emissions pursuant to the PSD program could subject new capital projects to additional permitting requirements that may result in increased costs or delays in completing such projects.

        Under the Title V provisions of the Tailoring Rule, all of our U.S. manufacturing facilities will be required to include GHG emissions in future Title V air permit applications. Other than the states' implementation of the Tailoring Rule, none of the states where our U.S. production facilities are located—Florida, Louisiana, Mississippi, Iowa and Oklahoma—has proposed control regulations limiting GHG emissions. Iowa is a member of the Midwest Greenhouse Gas Reduction Accord, signed in 2007, but the member states appear to have discontinued any action to implement the accord.

Revisions to New Source Performance Standards for Nitric Acid Plants.

        We operate 13 nitric acid plants in the United States. On August 14, 2012, the EPA issued a final regulation revising air emission standards applicable to newly constructed, reconstructed or modified nitric acid plants. The regulations will apply to these plants if and when we undertake activities or operations that are considered modifications, including physical changes that would allow us to increase our production capacity at these plants. The regulations include certain provisions that could make it difficult for us to meet the limits on emissions of nitrogen oxides (NO_x) notwithstanding pollution controls we may add to our plants, and accordingly, the regulations, could impact our ability to expand production at our existing plants. The EPA regulation did not include a limitation on emissions of nitrous oxide (a greenhouse gas).

Regulatory Permits and Approvals

        We hold numerous environmental and mining permits authorizing operations at our facilities. A decision by a government agency to deny or delay issuing a new or renewed material permit or approval, or to revoke or substantially modify an existing permit, could have a material adverse effect on our ability to continue operations at the affected facility. Any future expansion of our existing operations is also predicated upon securing the necessary environmental or other permits or approvals.

        As of December 31, 2012, the area permitted for mining at our Hardee phosphate complex had approximately 42.2 million tons of recoverable phosphate rock reserves, which we expect to meet our

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requirements, at current production rates, for approximately 12 years. We have secured the necessary permits to mine these reserves from the FDEP and the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. We have initiated the process of applying for authorization and permits to expand the geographical area in which we can mine at our Hardee property. The expanded geographical area has an estimated additional 34.7 million tons of recoverable phosphate reserves, which we expect will allow us to conduct mining operations at our Hardee property for approximately 10 additional years at current operating rates, assuming we secure the authorization and permits to mine in this area. The estimated recoverable phosphate reserves are reflective of the anticipated permittable mining areas based on recent similar permitting efforts. In Florida, local community participation has become an important factor in the authorization and permitting process for mining companies. A denial of the authorizations or permits to continue and/or expand our mining operations at our Hardee property would prevent us from mining all of our reserves and have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.

        We have secured the state environmental authorization to increase the capacity of our phosphogypsum stack system at Plant City. With the completion of our current expansion project, this stack has sufficient capacity to meet our requirements through 2026 at current operating rates and subject to regular renewals of our operating permits. Including additional expansion phases, the estimated stack system capacity is expected to meet our requirements until 2040 at current operating rates and is subject to securing the corresponding operating permits. This date is approximately six years beyond our current estimate of available phosphate rock reserves at our Hardee mine. A decision by the state or federal authorities to deny a renewal of our current permits or to deny operating permits for the expansion of our stack system could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.

        In certain cases, as a condition to procuring such permits and approvals, we may be required to comply with financial assurance regulatory requirements. The purpose of these requirements is to assure that sufficient company funds will be available for the ultimate closure, post-closure care and/or reclamation at our facilities. We currently utilize a trust established for the benefit of the EPA and the FDEP and an escrow account established for the benefit of the FDEP as a means of complying with financial assurance requirements for the closure and long-term care of our phosphogypsum stack systems. For additional information on the cash deposit arrangements, see Note 10—Asset Retirement Obligations.

        Several of our permits, including our mining permit at the Hardee phosphate complex, require us to reclaim any property disturbed by our operations. At our Hardee property, we currently mine approximately 300 to 500 acres of land each year, all of which must be reclaimed. The costs to reclaim this land vary based on the type of land involved and range from $3,700 to $18,200 an acre, with an average of $11,000 an acre. For additional information on our Hardee asset retirement obligations, see Note 10—Asset Retirement Obligations.

        Our phosphate operations in Florida are subject to regulations governing the closure and long-term maintenance of our phosphogypsum stack systems. At the site of our former Bartow phosphate complex, we estimate that we will spend a total of approximately $2 million between 2013 and 2016 to complete closure of the cooling pond and channels. Water treating expenditures at Bartow are estimated to require about $11 million over the next 44 years. Post-closure long-term care expenditures at Bartow are estimated to total approximately $51 million for a 50 year period including 2013. To close the phosphogypsum stack at the Plant City phosphate complex including the recently constructed expansion, we estimate that we will spend approximately $96 million during the years 2033 through 2037, and another $45 million in 2087 to close the cooling pond. Water treating expenditures at Plant City are estimated to approximate $6 million in 2018, $63 million in 2033 through 2037, and

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$164 million thereafter through 2087. Post-closure long-term care expenditures at Plant City are estimated to total $105 million for a 50 year period commencing in 2038. These amounts are in nominal dollars using an assumed inflation rate of 3%.

        Cost estimates for closure of our phosphogypsum stack systems are based on formal closure plans submitted to the State of Florida, which are subject to revision during negotiations over the next several years. Moreover, the time frame involved in the closure of our phosphogypsum stack systems extends as far as the year 2087. Accordingly, the actual amount to be spent also will depend upon factors such as the timing of activities, refinements in scope, technological developments, cost inflation and changes in applicable laws and regulations. These cost estimates may also increase if the Plant City phosphogypsum stack is expanded further. For additional information on asset retirement obligations related to our phosphogypsum systems, see Note 10—Asset Retirement Obligations.

Employees and Labor Relations

        As of December 31, 2012, we employed approximately 2,500 full-time and 100 part-time employees.

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ITEM 1A.    RISK FACTORS.

        In addition to the other information contained in this Annual Report on Form 10-K, you should carefully consider the factors discussed below before deciding to invest in any of our securities. These risks and uncertainties could materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.

Our business is dependent on North American natural gas, the prices of which are subject to volatility.

        Natural gas is the principal raw material used to produce nitrogen fertilizers. We use natural gas both as a chemical feedstock and as a fuel to produce ammonia, urea, UAN, AN and other nitrogen products. Because most of our nitrogen fertilizer manufacturing facilities are located in the United States and Canada, North American natural gas comprises a significant portion of the total production cost of our nitrogen fertilizers.

        The price of natural gas in North America has been volatile in recent years. During 2012, the average daily closing price at the Henry Hub, the most heavily-traded natural gas pricing basis in North America, reached a low of $1.84 per MMBtu on April 20, 2012 and a high of $3.77 per MMBtu on November 27, 2012. During the three year period ended December 31, 2012, the average daily closing price at the Henry Hub reached a high of $7.51 per MMBtu on January 8, 2010 and a low of $1.84 per MMBtu on April 20, 2012.

        Changes in the supply of and demand for natural gas can lead to periods of high natural gas prices. If this were to occur during a period of low fertilizer selling prices, it could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.

        Over the last several years, North American natural gas prices have declined in response to increased supply from the development of production from shale gas formations. Future production of natural gas from shale gas formations could be reduced by regulatory changes that restrict drilling or increase its cost for other reasons. If this were to occur, natural gas prices could rise, which could have a material adverse impact on our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.

Our business is cyclical, resulting in periods of industry oversupply during which our results of operations tend to be negatively impacted.

        Historically, selling prices for our products have fluctuated in response to periodic changes in supply and demand conditions. Demand is affected by planted acreage and application rates, driven by population growth, changes in dietary habits, non-food usage of crops such as the production of ethanol and other biofuels, among other things. Supply is affected by available capacity and operating rates, raw material costs and availability, government policies and global trade.

        Periods of high demand, high capacity utilization and increasing operating margins tend to result in investment in production capacity, which may cause supply to exceed demand and selling prices and capacity utilization to decline. Future growth in demand for fertilizer may not be sufficient to absorb excess industry capacity.

        During periods of industry oversupply, our results of operations tend to be affected negatively as the price at which we sell our products typically declines, resulting in possible reduced profit margins, write-downs in the value of our inventory and temporary or permanent curtailments of production.

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Our products are global commodities, and we face intense global competition from other fertilizer producers.

        We are subject to intense price competition from both domestic and foreign sources. Fertilizers are global commodities, with little or no product differentiation, and customers make their purchasing decisions principally on the basis of delivered price and to a lesser extent on customer service and product quality. We compete with a number of domestic and foreign producers, including state-owned and government-subsidized entities.

        Some of these competitors have greater total resources and are less dependent on earnings from fertilizer sales, which make them less vulnerable to industry downturns and better positioned to pursue new expansion and development opportunities. Our competitive position could suffer to the extent we are not able to expand our own resources either through investments in new or existing operations or through acquisitions, joint ventures or partnerships.

        China, the world's largest producer and consumer of fertilizers, is expected to continue expanding its fertilizer production capability. If Chinese policy encourages exports, this expected increase in capacity could adversely affect the balance between global supply and demand and may put downward pressure on global fertilizer prices, which could adversely affect our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.

        We may face increased competition from Russian and Ukrainian urea and fertilizer grade ammonium nitrate. Almost all urea imports from Russia and Ukraine are currently subject to antidumping duty orders that impose duties of approximately 65 percent on urea imported into the United States from these two countries. Russia and Ukraine currently have considerable capacity to produce urea and are among the world's largest urea exporters. In Russia, the price for natural gas used for industrial production continues to be set by the government on a non-market basis. Russian nitrogen fertilizer producers benefit from these government-controlled natural gas prices, encouraging inefficient urea production and high volumes of exports. In Ukraine, we believe that the government intervenes with respect to natural gas prices available to fertilizer producers so as to permit continued exports. The antidumping orders have been in place since 1987, and there has been very little urea imported into the United States from Russia or Ukraine since that time. The U.S. Department of Commerce regularly reviews the U.S. sales of urea made by Russian exporters. In October 2011, the U.S. Department of Commerce completed a review of U.S. sales made by the Russian exporter EuroChem and concluded that duties of approximately one percent should be imposed. This low rate of duty resulted in a marked increase in exports of Russian urea to the United States. In October 2012, the Commerce Department completed another review of EuroChem's sales, and reduced to zero the duty applied to EuroChem's U.S. urea imports. This may result in more Russian urea exports to the United States.

        In 2011, the U.S. Department of Commerce and the U.S. International Trade Commission conducted the third "sunset review" of the urea antidumping orders and determined that they should remain in effect for another five years. The next sunset review of those orders will not be initiated until late 2016.

        Russia is the world's largest ammonium nitrate producer and exporter. As in the case of urea, Russian ammonium nitrate producers benefit from non-market pricing of natural gas. Fertilizer grade ammonium nitrate from Russia is subject to an antidumping duty order, which currently imposes antidumping duties of almost 254 percent on Russian ammonium nitrate imports into the United States. In May 2011, this order replaced a longstanding "suspension agreement" which had imposed volume and pricing restrictions on Russian ammonium nitrate imports. In 2011, the U.S. Department of Commerce and the U.S. International Trade Commission completed the second "sunset review" of the

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Russian ammonium nitrate antidumping order and concluded that it will remain in effect for at least another five years. Russian producers of ammonium nitrate are likely to participate in legal processes through which they may reduce the applicable antidumping duty rate applicable to their U.S. imports and, if they are successful, there may be an increase in U.S. imports of unfairly priced Russian ammonium nitrate. Further, one Russian producer is currently seeking permission to import an ammonium nitrate product outside the reach of the antidumping order. If successful, this effort would likely result in a significant increase in U.S. imports of this Russian ammonium nitrate product.

        Fertilizer grade ammonium nitrate from Ukraine is also subject to an antidumping duty order under which imports of this product are currently subject to a duty of over 156 percent. That order is currently being reviewed and a decision as to whether the order will remain in place for an additional five years is expected to be issued by May, 2013. If the order is revoked, we are likely to experience a significant increase in U.S. imports of unfairly priced Ukrainian ammonium nitrate.

A decline in U.S. agricultural production or limitations on the use of our products for agricultural purposes could materially adversely affect the market for our products.

        Conditions in the U.S. agricultural industry significantly impact our operating results. The U.S. agricultural industry can be affected by a number of factors, including weather patterns and field conditions, current and projected grain inventories and prices, domestic and international demand for U.S. agricultural products and U.S. and foreign policies regarding trade in agricultural products. These factors are outside of our control.

        State and federal governmental policies, including farm and biofuel subsidies and commodity support programs, as well as the prices of fertilizer products, may also directly or indirectly influence the number of acres planted, the mix of crops planted and the use of fertilizers for particular agricultural applications. In recent years, for example, ethanol production in the United States has increased significantly due, in part, to federal legislation mandating greater use of renewable fuels. This increase in ethanol production has led to an increase in the amount of corn grown in the United States and to increased fertilizer usage on both corn and other crops that have also benefited from improved farm economics. While the current Renewable Fuels Standard (RFS) encourages continued high levels of corn-based ethanol production, a continuing "food versus fuel" debate and other factors have resulted in calls to allow increased ethanol imports and eliminate the fuel mandate, either of which could have an adverse effect on corn-based ethanol production, planted corn acreage and fertilizer demand. Developments in crop technology, such as nitrogen fixation, the conversion of atmospheric nitrogen into compounds that plants can assimilate, could also reduce the use of chemical fertilizers and adversely affect the demand for our products. In addition, from time to time various state legislatures have considered limitations on the use and application of chemical fertilizers due to concerns about the impact of these products on the environment.

Our transportation and distribution activities rely on third party providers, which subjects us to risks and uncertainties beyond our control that may adversely affect our operations.

        We rely on railroad, trucking, pipeline, river barge and ocean vessel companies to transport raw materials to our manufacturing facilities, to coordinate and deliver finished products to our distribution system and to ship finished products to our customers. We also lease rail cars in order to ship raw materials and finished products. These transportation operations, equipment and services are subject to various hazards, including adverse operating conditions on the inland waterway system, extreme weather conditions, system failures, work stoppages, delays, accidents such as spills and derailments and other accidents and other operating hazards.

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        These transportation operations, equipment and services are also subject to environmental, safety, and regulatory oversight. Due to concerns related to accidents, terrorism or the potential use of fertilizers as explosives, local, state and federal governments could implement new regulations affecting the transportation of raw materials or finished products.

        If shipping of our products is delayed or we are unable to obtain raw materials as a result of these transportation companies' failure to operate properly, or if new and more stringent regulatory requirements are implemented affecting transportation operations or equipment, or if there are significant increases in the cost of these services or equipment, our revenues and cost of operations could be adversely affected. In addition, increases in our transportation costs, or changes in such costs relative to transportation costs incurred by our competitors, could have an adverse effect on our business, results of operations, financial condition and cash flows.

        The railroad industry continues various efforts to limit the railroads' potential liability stemming from the transportation of Toxic Inhalation Hazard (TIH) materials, such as the anhydrous ammonia we transport to and from our manufacturing and distribution facilities. These efforts by the railroads include (i) requesting that the Surface Transportation Board, or STB, issue a policy statement finding that it is reasonable for a railroad to require a shipper to indemnify the railroads and carry insurance for all liability above a certain amount arising from the transportation of TIH materials; (ii) requesting that the STB approve an increase in the maximum reasonable rates that a railroad can charge for the transportation of TIH materials (including the recovery of the cost to implement the mandatory anti-collision train control system referred to as Positive Train Control); (iii) lobbying for new legislation or regulations that would limit or eliminate the railroads' common carrier obligation to transport TIH materials; and (iv) limit the liability or railroads in Canada when transporting TIH materials. If the railroads were to succeed in one or more of these initiatives, it could materially and adversely affect our operating expenses and potentially our ability to transport anhydrous ammonia and increase our liability for releases of our anhydrous ammonia while in the care, custody and control of the railroads. New regulations also could be implemented affecting the equipment used to ship our raw materials or finished products.

Difficulties in the implementation of our new enterprise resource planning system or cyber security risks could result in disruptions in business operations and adverse operating results.

        Since the Terra acquisition, CF Industries continued to utilize legacy Terra's separate information management systems to process transactions involving business operations of the legacy Terra plants. In the first quarter of 2013, we consolidated all business processes for the combined companies under a new, single enterprise resource planning (ERP) system utilizing software provided by SAP. This company-wide system aligns business processes and procedures, institutes more efficient transaction processing and improves access to and consistency of information to enable standardization of business activities. The implementation of an ERP system across the combined organization entails certain risks. If we do not complete the implementation of the system successfully, or if the system does not perform in a satisfactory manner, it could disrupt our operations and have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.

        As we continue to increase our dependence on information technologies to conduct our operations, the risks associated with cyber security also increase. We rely on management information systems, among other things, to manage our accounting, manufacturing, supply chain and financial functions. This risk not only applies to us, but also to third parties on whose systems we place significant reliance for the conduct of our business. We have implemented security procedures and measures in order to protect our information from being vulnerable to theft, loss, damage or interruption from a number of potential sources or events. We believe these measures and procedures

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are appropriate. However, we may not have the resources or technical sophistication to anticipate, prevent, or recover from rapidly evolving types of cyber attacks. Compromises to our information systems could have severe financial and other business implications.

Adverse weather conditions may decrease demand for our fertilizer products, increase the cost of natural gas or materially disrupt our operations.

        Weather conditions that delay or intermittently disrupt field work during the planting and growing seasons may cause agricultural customers to use different forms of nitrogen fertilizer, which may adversely affect demand for the forms that we sell or may impede farmers from applying our fertilizers until the following growing season, resulting in lower demand for our products.

        Adverse weather conditions following harvest may delay or eliminate opportunities to apply fertilizer in the fall. Weather can also have an adverse effect on crop yields, which could lower the income of growers and impair their ability to purchase fertilizer from our customers. Our quarterly financial results can vary significantly from one year to the next due to weather-related shifts in planting schedules and purchasing patterns.

        Weather conditions or, in certain cases, weather forecasts, also can affect the price of natural gas, the principal raw material used to make our nitrogen based fertilizers. Colder than normal winters and warmer than normal summers increase the demand for natural gas for residential and industrial use. In addition, hurricanes affecting the Gulf of Mexico coastal states can impact the supply of natural gas and cause prices to rise.

We may not be able to complete our recently announced capacity expansion projects on schedule as planned, on budget or at all due to a number of factors, many of which are beyond our control.

        On November 1, 2012, we announced that we will construct new ammonia and urea/UAN plants at our complex in Donaldsonville, Louisiana, and new ammonia and urea units at our complex in Port Neal, Iowa. Our Board of Directors has authorized expenditures of $3.8 billion for the projects. The design, development, construction and start-up of the new plants are subject to a number of risks, any of which could prevent us from completing the projects on schedule as planned and on budget or at all, including cost overruns, performance of third parties, permitting matters, adverse weather, defects in materials and workmanship, labor and raw material shortages, transportation constraints, engineering and construction change orders, and other unforeseen difficulties.

        The Donaldsonville and Port Neal expansion projects are dependent on the availability and performance of the engineering firms, construction firms, equipment suppliers, transportation providers and other vendors necessary to build the new units on a timely basis and on acceptable economic terms. Although we have entered into contracts with an affiliate of ThyssenKrupp Uhde for engineering and procurement services for each of the projects and we have procured bids from several construction firms, we have not yet entered into definitive agreements for construction services for either project. If ThyssenKrupp Uhde or any of the other third parties fails to perform as we expect, our ability to meet our expansion goals would be affected.

        We must also obtain numerous regulatory approvals and permits in order to construct and operate the additional plants. These requirements may not be satisfied in a timely manner or at all. Our financial exposure to permitting risks may be exacerbated because we have committed to purchase certain equipment that will result in substantial expenditures prior to obtaining all permits necessary to operate the units. In the event that we ultimately fail to obtain all necessary permits, we would be forced to abandon the projects and lose the benefit of any construction costs already incurred. In addition, federal and state governmental requirements may increase our costs substantially, which could

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have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations, and cash flows.

        Our expansion plans may also result in other unanticipated adverse consequences, such as the diversion of management's attention from our existing plants and businesses and other opportunities.

Other expansions of our business may result in unanticipated adverse consequences.

        We routinely consider possible expansions of our business, both domestically and in foreign locations. Major investments in our business, including as a result of acquisitions, partnerships, joint ventures or other major investments require significant managerial resources, which may be diverted from our other activities and may impair the operation of our businesses. The risks of any expansion of our business through investments, acquisitions, partnerships or joint ventures are increased due to the significant capital and other resources that we may have to commit to any such expansion, which may not be recoverable if the expansion initiative to which they were devoted is ultimately not implemented. As a result of these and other factors, including general economic risk, we may not be able to realize our projected returns from any future acquisitions, partnerships, joint ventures or other major investments.

We are subject to numerous environmental and health and safety laws, regulations and permitting requirements, as well as potential environmental liabilities, which may require us to make substantial expenditures.

        We are subject to numerous environmental and health and safety laws and regulations in the United States, Canada, the United Kingdom and the Republic of Trinidad and Tobago, including laws and regulations relating to land reclamation; the generation, treatment, storage, disposal and handling of hazardous substances and wastes; the cleanup of hazardous substance releases; and the demolition of existing plant sites upon permanent closure. In the United States, these laws include the Clean Air Act, the Clean Water Act, RCRA, CERCLA, the Toxic Substances Control Act and various other federal, state, provincial, local and international statutes.

        As a fertilizer company working with chemicals and other hazardous substances, our business is inherently subject to spills, discharges or other releases of hazardous substances into the environment. Certain environmental laws, including CERCLA, impose joint and several liability, without regard to fault, for cleanup costs on persons who have disposed of or released hazardous substances into the environment. Given the nature of our business, we have incurred, are incurring currently, and are likely to incur periodically in the future, liabilities under CERCLA and other environmental cleanup laws at our current or former facilities, adjacent or nearby third-party facilities or offsite disposal locations. The costs associated with future cleanup activities that we may be required to conduct or finance may be material. Additionally, we may become liable to third parties for damages, including personal injury and property damage, resulting from the disposal or release of hazardous substances into the environment.

        Violations of environmental and health and safety laws can result in substantial penalties, court orders to install pollution-control equipment, civil and criminal sanctions, permit revocations and facility shutdowns. Environmental and health and safety laws change rapidly and have tended to become more stringent over time. As a result, we have not always been and may not always be in compliance with all environmental and health and safety laws and regulations. Additionally, future environmental and health and safety laws and regulations or reinterpretation of current laws and regulations may require us to make substantial expenditures. Additionally, our costs to comply with, or any liabilities under, these laws and regulations could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.

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        From time to time, our production of anhydrous ammonia has resulted in accidental releases that have temporarily disrupted our manufacturing operations and resulted in liability for administrative penalties and claims for personal injury. To date, our costs to resolve these liabilities have not been material. However, we could incur significant costs if our liability coverage is not sufficient to pay for all or a large part of any judgments against us, or if our insurance carrier refuses coverage for these losses.

        We may be impacted by the development of Federal and State numeric nutrient criteria regulation. On August 18, 2009, the EPA entered into a consent decree with certain environmental groups with respect to the promulgation of numeric criteria for nitrogen and phosphorous in surface waters in Florida. The consent decree was approved by a Federal district court judge on November 16, 2009. The EPA adopted final numeric nutrient criteria for Florida lakes and inland flowing waters on November 14, 2010. On February 18, 2012, the Court upheld parts of the numeric nutrient criteria regulation, but found that the EPA had not adequately justified the criteria for streams and therefore concluded that the adoption of such criteria was arbitrary and capricious. The Court ordered the EPA to issue proposed or final numeric nutrient criteria for streams by May 21, 2012 (subject to the EPA seeking an extension of such time period pursuant to the terms of the 2009 consent decree). Subsequently, the Court granted the EPA's motion to allow the EPA to propose numeric nutrient criteria for streams by November 30, 2012 and to finalize such criteria by August 31, 2013.

        In December 2011, the State of Florida proposed its own numeric nutrient criteria for surface waters. The nitrogen and phosphorous criteria in the proposed rule are substantially identical to the federal rule, but the state proposal includes biological verification as a component of the criteria and adopts existing nutrient Total Maximum Daily Loads (TMDL) as applicable numeric criteria. The impact of these modifications could be to provide more flexibility with respect to nitrogen and phosphorous limits in wastewater discharge permits so long as such discharges do not impair the biological health of receiving water bodies. Environmental groups filed a challenge to the proposed state rule, but the rule was upheld by an administrative law judge on June 8, 2012 and became final. An appeal of the administrative decision upholding the rule is now pending before a Florida appellate court.

        On November 30, 2012, the EPA approved Florida's rule. However, because the EPA identified what it considered to be gaps in the scope of the waters covered by Florida's rule and potential legal issues that might bar the Florida rule from going into effect, the EPA, pursuant to the Court order described above, has again proposed numeric nutrient criteria for Florida streams. There is substantial uncertainty as to whether this rule will be withdrawn before it is finalized or, if a rule is finalized, as to the scope of Florida inland flowing waters that will be covered by the EPA regulation.

        Moreover, notwithstanding the EPA's approval of the Florida rule, the federal criteria for lakes and inland waters previously upheld by the Court (excluding the criteria found to be arbitrary and capricious) became effective on January 6, 2013. The EPA has proposed to stay the effective date of these criteria in light of the on-going developments with the Florida regulation.

        The 2009 consent decree also requires the EPA to develop numeric nutrient criteria for Florida coastal and estuarine waters. The numeric criteria adopted by the State of Florida and approved by the EPA includes numeric criteria for some coastal and estuarine waters, but, as with streams, EPA has raised issues regarding the scope of coverage of Florida's regulation. Accordingly, on November 30, 2012, the EPA proposed numeric nutrient criteria for Florida coastal and estuarine waters. The EPA must finalize these criteria by September 30, 2013 unless future developments allow the EPA to withdraw the rule.

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        Depending on the developments discussed herein, federal or state numeric nutrient water quality criteria for Florida waters could result in substantially more stringent nitrogen and phosphorous limits in wastewater discharge permits for our mining, manufacturing and distribution operations in Florida. More stringent limits on wastewater discharge permits could increase our costs and limit our operations and, therefore, could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.

Our operations are dependent on numerous required permits, approvals and meeting financial assurance requirements from governmental authorities.

        We hold numerous environmental, mining and other governmental permits and approvals authorizing operations at each of our facilities. Expansion of our operations is dependent upon securing the necessary environmental or other permits or approvals. A decision by a government agency to deny or delay issuing a new or renewed material permit or approval, or to revoke or substantially modify an existing permit or approval, could have a material adverse effect on our ability to continue operations at the affected facility and on our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.

        In certain cases, as a condition to procure such permits and approvals or as a condition to maintain existing approvals, we may be required to comply with regulatory financial assurance requirements. The purpose of these requirements is to assure local, state or federal government agencies that we will have sufficient funds available for the ultimate closure, post-closure care and reclamation at our facilities. For example, we have funded an escrow account for the benefit of the Florida Department of Environmental Protection (FDEP) as a means of complying with Florida's regulations governing financial assurance related to closure and post-closure of phosphogypsum stacks. Also, pursuant to a Consent Decree with the U.S. EPA and the FDEP, we have funded a trust as a means of complying with similar requirements for closure, post closure and monitoring of the phosphogypsum stack system at our Plant City, Florida phosphate fertilizer complex.

        Florida regulations also mandate payment of certain mining taxes based on the quantity of ore mined and are subject to change based on local regulatory approvals. Additional financial assurance requirements or other increases in local mining regulations and taxes could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.

        Florida regulations also require phosphate rock mining companies to demonstrate financial responsibility for wetland and other surface water mitigation measures in advance of any mining activities. If and when we are able to expand our Hardee mining activities to areas not currently permitted, we will be required to demonstrate financial responsibility for wetland and other surface water mitigation measures in advance of any mining activities. The demonstration of financial responsibility may be provided by passage of financial tests. In the event that we are unable to satisfy these financial tests, alternative methods of complying with the financial assurance requirements would require us to expend funds for the purchase of bonds, letters of credit, insurance policies or similar instruments. It is possible that we will not be able to comply with either current or new financial assurance regulations in the future, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.

        As of December 31, 2012, the area permitted by local, state and federal authorities for mining at our Hardee phosphate complex contained approximately 42.2 million tons of recoverable phosphate rock reserves, which will meet our requirements, at current operating rates, for approximately 12 years. We have initiated the process of applying for authorization and permits to expand the geographical area in which we can mine at our Hardee property. The expanded geographical area has an estimated 34.7 million tons of recoverable phosphate reserves, which will allow us to conduct mining operations at

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our Hardee property for approximately 10 additional years at current operating rates, assuming we secure the authorization and permits to mine in this area. In Florida, local community participation has become an important factor in the authorization and permitting process for mining companies. A denial of the authorizations or permits to continue or expand our mining operations at our Hardee property would prevent us from mining all of our reserves and have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.

        We have secured the state environmental authorization to increase the capacity of our phosphogypsum stack system at Plant City. With the completion of our "Phase II" expansion that is currently being constructed, this stack has sufficient capacity to meet our requirements through 2026 at current operating rates and subject to regular renewals of our operating permits. Including further expansion phases, the estimated stack system capacity is expected to meet our requirements until 2040 at current operating rates and is subject to securing the corresponding operating permits. This time frame is approximately six years beyond our current estimate of available phosphate rock reserves at our Hardee mine. A decision by the state or federal authorities to deny a renewal of our current permits or to deny operating permits for the expansion of our stack system could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.

Future regulatory restrictions on greenhouse gas emissions in the jurisdictions in which we operate could materially adversely affect our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.

        We are subject to greenhouse gas (GHG) regulations in the United Kingdom, Canada and the United States. There are substantial uncertainties as to the nature, stringency and timing of any future GHG regulations. More stringent GHG limitations, if they are enacted, are likely to have significant impacts on the fertilizer industry due to the fact that our production facilities emit GHGs such as carbon dioxide and nitrous oxide. Regulation of GHGs may require us to make changes in our operating activities that would increase our operating costs, reduce our efficiency, limit our output, require us to make capital improvements to our facilities, increase our costs for or limit the availability of energy, raw materials or transportation, or otherwise materially adversely affect our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows. In addition, to the extent that GHG restrictions are not imposed in countries where our competitors operate or are less stringent than in the United States or Canada, our competitors may have cost or other competitive advantages over us.

Our inability to predict future seasonal fertilizer demand accurately could result in excess inventory, potentially at costs in excess of market value, or product shortages. Our operating results fluctuate due to seasonality.

        The fertilizer business is seasonal. The degree of seasonality of our business can change significantly from year to year due to conditions in the agricultural industry and other factors. The strongest demand for our products occurs during the spring planting season, with a second period of strong demand following the fall harvest. We and our customers generally build inventories during the low demand periods of the year in order to ensure timely product availability during the peak sales seasons. Seasonality is greatest for ammonia due to the short application season and the limited ability of our customers and their customers to store significant quantities of this product. The seasonality of fertilizer demand results in our sales volumes and net sales being the highest during the spring and our working capital requirements being the highest just prior to the start of the spring season.

        If seasonal demand is less than we expect, we may be left with excess inventory that will have to be stored (in which case our results of operations will be negatively affected by any related increased storage costs) or liquidated (in which case the selling price may be below our production, procurement and storage costs). The risks associated with excess inventory and product shortages are particularly

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acute with respect to our nitrogen fertilizer business because of the volatility of natural gas and nitrogen fertilizer prices and the relatively brief periods during which farmers can apply nitrogen fertilizers. If prices rapidly decrease, we may be subject to inventory write-downs, causing an adverse change in operating results.

A change in the volume of products that our customers purchase on a forward basis could increase our exposure to fluctuations in our profit margins and materially adversely affect our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.

        We offer our customers the opportunity to purchase product on a forward basis at prices and delivery dates we propose. This improves our liquidity due to the cash payments received from customers in advance of shipment of the product and allows us to improve our production scheduling and planning and the utilization of our manufacturing assets.

        Under our forward sales programs, customers generally make an initial cash down payment at the time of order and pay the remaining portion of the contract sales value in advance of the shipment date, thereby significantly increasing our liquidity. Any cash payments received in advance from customers in connection with forward sales are reflected on our balance sheet as a current liability until the related orders are shipped, which can take up to several months. As of December 31, 2012 and 2011, our current liability for customer advances related to unshipped orders equaled approximately 17% and 21%, respectively, of our cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments.

        We believe the ability to purchase product on a forward basis is most appealing to our customers during periods of generally increasing prices for nitrogen fertilizers. Our customers may be less willing or even unwilling to purchase products on a forward basis during periods of generally decreasing or stable prices or during periods of relatively high fertilizer prices due to the expectation of lower prices in the future or limited capital resources. In periods of rising fertilizer prices, selling our nitrogen fertilizers on a forward basis may result in lower profit margins than if we had not sold fertilizer on a forward basis. Conversely, in periods of declining fertilizer prices, selling our nitrogen fertilizers on a forward basis may result in higher profit margins than if we had not sold fertilizer on a forward basis. In addition, fixing the selling prices of our products, often months in advance of their ultimate delivery to customers, typically causes our reported selling prices and margins to differ from spot market prices and margins available at the time of shipment.

        We also sell phosphate products on a forward basis. In 2012, forward sales of phosphate fertilizer products represented approximately 23% of our phosphate fertilizer volume. Unlike our nitrogen fertilizer products where we have the opportunity to fix or cap the cost of natural gas, we typically are unable to do the same for the cost of phosphate raw materials, such as sulfur and ammonia, which are among the largest components of our phosphate fertilizer costs. As a result, we are typically exposed to margin risk on phosphate products sold on a forward basis.

Our business is subject to risks involving derivatives, including the risk that our hedging activities might not prevent losses.

        We manage the risk of changes in commodity prices and foreign currency exchange rates using derivative instruments. Our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows could be adversely affected by changes involving commodity price volatility, adverse correlation of commodity prices, or market liquidity issues.

        In order to manage financial exposure to commodity price and market fluctuations, we often utilize natural gas derivatives to hedge our exposure to the price volatility of natural gas, the principal raw material used in the production of nitrogen based fertilizers. We have used fixed-price, forward,

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physical purchase and sales contracts, futures, financial swaps and option contracts traded in the over-the-counter markets or on exchanges. In order to manage our exposure to changes in foreign currency exchange rates, we use foreign currency derivatives, primarily forward exchange contracts. Hedging arrangements are imperfect and unhedged risks will always exist.

        Our use of derivatives can result in volatility in reported earnings due to the unrealized mark-to-market adjustments that occur from changes in the value of the derivatives that do not qualify for or for which we do not apply hedge accounting. To the extent that our derivative positions lose value, we may be required to post collateral with our counterparties, thereby negatively impacting our liquidity.

        In addition, our hedging activities may themselves give rise to various risks that could adversely affect us. For example, we are exposed to counterparty credit risk when our derivatives are in a net asset position. The counterparties to our derivatives are either large oil and gas companies or large financial institutions. We monitor the derivative portfolio and credit quality of our counterparties and adjust the level of activity we conduct with individual counterparties as necessary. We also manage the credit risk through the use of multiple counterparties, established credit limits, cash collateral requirements and master netting arrangements. However, our liquidity could be negatively impacted by a counterparty default on derivative settlements.

Our operations and the production and handling of our products involve significant risks and hazards. We are not fully insured against all potential hazards and risks incident to our business. Therefore, our insurance coverage may not adequately cover our losses.

        Our operations are subject to hazards inherent in the manufacturing, transportation, storage and distribution of chemical fertilizers, including ammonia, which is highly toxic and corrosive. These hazards include: explosions; fires; severe weather and natural disasters; train derailments, collisions, vessel groundings and other transportation and maritime incidents; leaks and ruptures involving storage tanks, pipelines and rail cars; spills, discharges and releases of toxic or hazardous substances or gases; deliberate sabotage and terrorist incidents; mechanical failures; unscheduled downtime; labor difficulties and other risks. Some of these hazards can cause bodily injury and loss of life, severe damage to or destruction of property and equipment and environmental damage, and may result in suspension of operations and the imposition of civil or criminal penalties and liabilities.

        We maintain property, business interruption, casualty and liability insurance policies, but we are not fully insured against all potential hazards and risks incident to our business. If we were to incur significant liability for which we were not fully insured, it could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations, financial condition and cash flows. We are subject to various self-retentions, deductibles and limits under these insurance policies. The policies also contain exclusions and conditions that could have a material adverse impact on our ability to receive indemnification thereunder. Our policies are generally renewed annually. As a result of market conditions, our premiums, self-retentions and deductibles for certain insurance policies can increase substantially and, in some instances, certain insurance may become unavailable or available only for reduced amounts of coverage. In addition, significantly increased costs could lead us to decide to reduce, or possibly eliminate, coverage.

We are reliant on a limited number of key facilities.

        Our nitrogen fertilizer operations are concentrated in seven separate nitrogen complexes, the largest of which is the Donaldsonville complex which represents approximately 40% of the Company's ammonia production capacity. Our phosphate fertilizer operations are dependent on our phosphate

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mine and associated beneficiation plant in Hardee County, Florida; our phosphate fertilizer complex in Plant City, Florida; and our ammonia terminal in Tampa, Florida. The suspension of operations at any of these key facilities could adversely affect our ability to produce our products and fulfill our commitments, and could have a material adverse effect on our business. In addition, a number of our key facilities, including the Donaldsonville complex and all of our phosphate operations, are located in regions of the United States that experience a relatively high level of hurricane activity. Such storms, depending on their severity and location, have the potential not only to damage our facilities and disrupt our operations, but also to adversely affect the shipping and distribution of our products and the supply and price of natural gas and sulfur in the Gulf of Mexico region.

We are exposed to risks associated with our joint ventures.

        We participate in joint ventures including CFL (which owns our facility in Medicine Hat, Alberta), Point Lisas (which owns a facility in the Republic of Trinidad and Tobago), GrowHow (which owns facilities in Billingham and Ince, United Kingdom) and Keytrade (a global fertilizer trading company headquartered near Zurich, Switzerland). Our joint venture partners may share a measure of control over the operations of our joint ventures. As a result, our investments in joint ventures involve risks that are different from the risks involved in owning facilities and operations independently. These risks include the possibility that our joint ventures or our partners: have economic or business interests or goals that are or become inconsistent with our business interests or goals; are in a position to take action contrary to our instructions, requests, policies or objectives; subject the joint venture to liabilities exceeding those contemplated; take actions that reduce our return on investment; or take actions that harm our reputation or restrict our ability to run our business.

        In addition, we may become involved in disputes with our joint venture partners, which could lead to impasses or situations that could harm the joint venture, which could reduce our revenues or increase our costs.

Acts of terrorism and regulations to combat terrorism could negatively affect our business.

        Like other companies with major industrial facilities, our plants and ancillary facilities may be targets of terrorist activities. Many of these plants and facilities store significant quantities of ammonia and other materials that can be dangerous if mishandled. Any damage to infrastructure facilities, such as electric generation, transmission and distribution facilities, or injury to employees, who could be direct targets or indirect casualties of an act of terrorism, may affect our operations. Any disruption of our ability to produce or distribute our products could result in a significant decrease in revenues and significant additional costs to replace, repair or insure our assets, which could have a material adverse impact on our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.

        In addition, due to concerns related to terrorism or the potential use of certain fertilizers as explosives, local, state, federal and foreign governments could implement new regulations impacting the security of our plants, terminals and warehouses or the transportation and use of fertilizers. These regulations could result in higher operating costs or limitations on the sale of our products and could result in significant unanticipated costs, lower revenues and reduced profit margins. We manufacture and sell certain nitrogen fertilizers that can be used as explosives. It is possible that the U.S. or foreign governments could impose additional limitations on the use, sale or distribution of nitrogen fertilizers, thereby limiting our ability to manufacture or sell those products, or that such illicit use of our products could result in liability for the Company.

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Our operations and those of our joint ventures are dependent upon raw materials provided by third parties and an increase in the price or any delay or interruption in the delivery of these raw materials may adversely affect our business.

        We and our joint ventures use natural gas, ammonia and sulfur as raw materials in the manufacture of fertilizers. We purchase these raw materials from third-party suppliers. Prices for these raw materials can fluctuate significantly due to changes in supply and demand. We may not be able to pass along to our customers increases in the costs of raw materials, which could have a material adverse effect on our business. These products are transported by barge, truck, rail or pipeline to our facilities and those of our joint ventures by third-party transportation providers or through the use of facilities owned by third parties. Any delays or interruptions in the delivery of these key raw materials, including those caused by capacity constraints; explosions; fires; severe weather and natural disasters; train derailments, collisions, vessel groundings and other transportation and maritime incidents; leaks and ruptures involving pipelines; deliberate sabotage and terrorist incidents; mechanical failures; unscheduled downtime; or labor difficulties, could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.

We are subject to risks associated with international operations.

        Our international business operations are subject to numerous risks and uncertainties, including difficulties and costs associated with complying with a wide variety of complex laws, treaties and regulations; unexpected changes in regulatory environments; currency fluctuations; tax rates that may exceed those in the United States; earnings that may be subject to withholding requirements; and the imposition of tariffs, exchange controls or other restrictions. During 2012, we derived approximately 14% of our net sales from outside of the United States. Our business operations include a 66% economic interest in CFL, a nitrogen fertilizer manufacturer in Medicine Hat, Alberta Canada, a 50% interest in an ammonia production joint venture in Trinidad, a 50% interest in a U.K. joint venture for the production of anhydrous ammonia and other fertilizer products and a 50% interest in a fertilizer trading operation headquartered near Zurich, Switzerland.

Our investments in securities are subject to risks that may result in losses.

        Our cash flows from operations have resulted in cash and cash-equivalents of approximately $2.3 billion as of December 31, 2012. We generally invest these cash and cash-equivalents in what we believe to be relatively short-term, highly liquid and high credit quality instruments, including notes and bonds issued by governmental entities or corporations and money market funds. Securities issued by governmental agencies include those issued directly by the U.S. government, those issued by state, local or other governmental entities, and those guaranteed by entities affiliated with governmental entities. Our investments are subject to fluctuations in both market value and yield based upon changes in market conditions, including interest rates, liquidity, general economic and credit market conditions and conditions specific to the issuers.

        Due to the risks of investments, we may not achieve expected returns or may realize losses on our investments which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.

Deterioration of global market and economic conditions could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.

        A slowdown of, or persistent weakness in, economic activity caused by a deterioration of global market and economic conditions could adversely affect our business in the following ways, among

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others: conditions in the credit markets could impact the ability of our customers and their customers to obtain sufficient credit to support their operations; the failure of our customers to fulfill their purchase obligations could result in increases in bad debts and impact our working capital; and the failure of certain key suppliers could increase our exposure to disruptions in supply or to financial losses. We also may experience declining demand and falling prices for some of our products due to our customers' reluctance to replenish inventories. The overall impact of a global economic downturn on us is difficult to predict, and our business could be materially adversely impacted.

        In addition, conditions in the international market for nitrogen fertilizer significantly influence our operating results. The international market for fertilizers is influenced by such factors as the relative value of the U.S. dollar and its impact on the importation of fertilizers, foreign agricultural policies, the existence of, or changes in, import or foreign currency exchange barriers in certain foreign markets and other regulatory policies of foreign governments, as well as the laws and policies of the United States affecting foreign trade and investment.

We have a material amount of indebtedness and may incur additional indebtedness, or need to refinance existing indebtedness, in the future, which may adversely affect our operations.

        As of December 31, 2012, we had approximately $1.6 billion of total indebtedness, consisting primarily of $800 million of our senior notes due in 2018 and $800 million of our senior notes due in 2020. We had excess borrowing capacity for general corporate purposes under our existing revolving credit facility of approximately $491.0 million. The terms of our existing indebtedness allow us to incur significant additional debt in the future. Our existing indebtedness and any additional debt we may incur in the future could have negative consequences on our business should operating cash flows be insufficient to cover debt service, which would adversely affect our operations and liquidity.

        From time to time we consider our options to refinance our outstanding indebtedness. Our ability to obtain any financing, whether through the issuance of new debt securities or otherwise, and the terms of any such financing are dependent on, among other things, our financial condition, financial market conditions within our industry and generally, credit ratings and numerous other factors. Consequently, in the event that we need to access the credit markets, including to refinance our debt, there can be no assurance that we will be able to obtain financing on acceptable terms or within an acceptable timeframe, if at all. An inability to obtain financing with acceptable terms when needed could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.

The loss of key members of our management and professional staff may adversely affect our business.

        We believe our continued success depends on the collective abilities and efforts of our senior management and professional staff. The loss of one or more key personnel could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations. Additionally, if we are unable to find, hire and retain needed key personnel in the future, our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows could be materially and adversely affected.

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FORWARD LOOKING STATEMENTS

        From time to time, in this Annual Report on Form 10-K as well as in other written reports and verbal statements, we make forward-looking statements that are not statements of historical fact and may involve a number of risks and uncertainties. These statements relate to analyses and other information that are based on forecasts of future results and estimates of amounts not yet determinable. These statements may also relate to our future prospects, developments and business strategies. We have used the words "anticipate," "believe," "could," "estimate," "expect," "intend," "may," "plan," "predict," "project," and similar terms and phrases, including references to assumptions, to identify forward-looking statements in this document. These forward-looking statements are made based on currently available competitive, financial and economic data, our current expectations, estimates, forecasts and projections about the industries and markets in which we operate and management's beliefs and assumptions concerning future events affecting us. These statements are not guarantees of future performance and are subject to risks, uncertainties and factors relating to our operations and business environment, all of which are difficult to predict and many of which are beyond our control. Therefore, our actual results may differ materially from what is expressed in or implied by any forward-looking statements. We want to caution you not to place undue reliance on any forward-looking statements. We do not undertake any responsibility to release publicly any revisions to these forward- looking statements to take into account events or circumstances that occur after the date of this document. Additionally, we do not undertake any responsibility to provide updates regarding the occurrence of any unanticipated events which may cause actual results to differ from those expressed or implied by the forward-looking statements contained in this document.

        Important factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from our expectations are disclosed under "Risk Factors" and elsewhere in this Form 10-K. Such factors include, among others:

•

the volatility of natural gas prices in North America;



•

the cyclical nature of our business and the agricultural sector;



•

the global commodity nature of our fertilizer products, the impact of global supply and demand on our selling prices, and the intense global competition from other fertilizer producers;



•

conditions in the U.S. agricultural industry;



•

reliance on third party providers of transportation services and equipment;



•

difficulties in the implementation of a new enterprise resource planning system and risks associated with cyber security;



•

weather conditions;



•

our ability to complete our recently announced production capacity expansion projects on schedule as planned, on budget or at all;



•

risks associated with other expansions of our business, including unanticipated adverse consequences and the significant resources that could be required;



•

potential liabilities and expenditures related to environmental and health and safety laws and regulations;



•

our potential inability to obtain or maintain required permits and governmental approvals or to meet financial assurance requirements from governmental authorities;



•

future regulatory restrictions and requirements related to GHG emissions;

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•

the seasonality of the fertilizer business;



•

the impact of changing market conditions on our forward sales programs;



•

risks involving derivatives and the effectiveness of our risk measurement and hedging activities;



•

the significant risks and hazards involved in producing and handling our products against which we may not be fully insured;



•

our reliance on a limited number of key facilities;



•

risks associated with joint ventures;



•

acts of terrorism and regulations to combat terrorism;



•

difficulties in securing the supply and delivery of raw materials, increases in their costs or delays or interruptions in their delivery;



•

risks associated with international operations;



•

losses on our investments in securities;



•

deterioration of global market and economic conditions;



•

our ability to manage our indebtedness; and



•

loss of key members of management and professional staff.

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ITEM 1B.    UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS.

        None.

ITEM 2.    PROPERTIES.

        Information regarding our facilities and properties is included in Part I, Item 1. Business—Operating Segments and Part I, Item 1. Business—Storage Facilities and Other Properties.

ITEM 3.    LEGAL PROCEEDINGS.

Litigation

        From time to time, we are subject to ordinary, routine legal proceedings related to the usual conduct of our business, including proceedings regarding public utility and transportation rates, environmental matters, taxes and permits relating to the operations of our various plants and facilities. Based on the information available as of the date of this filing, we believe that the ultimate outcome of these matters will not have a material adverse effect on our consolidated financial position or results of operations.

Environmental

Clean Air Act Investigation

        On March 19, 2007, the Company received a letter from the EPA under Section 114 of the Federal Clean Air Act requesting information and copies of records relating to compliance with New Source Review, New Source Performance Standards, and National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants at the Plant City facility. The Company provided the requested information to the EPA in late 2007. The EPA initiated this same process in relation to numerous other sulfuric acid plants and phosphoric acid plants throughout the nation, including other facilities in Florida.

        The Company received a Notice of Violation (NOV) from the EPA by letter dated June 16, 2010. The NOV alleges the Company violated the Prevention of Significant Deterioration (PSD) Clean Air Act regulations relating to certain projects undertaken at the Plant City facility's sulfuric acid plants. This NOV further alleges that the actions that are the basis for the alleged PSD violations also resulted in violations of Title V air operating permit regulations. Finally, the NOV alleges that the Company failed to comply with certain compliance dates established by hazardous air pollutant regulations for phosphoric acid manufacturing plants and phosphate fertilizer production plants. Although this matter has been referred to the United States Department of Justice (DOJ), the Company has continued to meet with the EPA to discuss these alleged violations. The Company does not know at this time if it will settle this matter prior to initiation of formal legal action.

        We cannot estimate the potential penalties, fines or other expenditures, if any, that may result from the Clean Air Act NOV and, therefore, we cannot determine if the ultimate outcome of this matter will have a material impact on the Company's financial position, results of operations or cash flows.

EPCRA/CERCLA Investigation

        Pursuant to a letter from the DOJ dated July 28, 2008 that was sent to representatives of the major U.S. phosphoric acid manufacturers, including CF Industries, the DOJ stated that it and the EPA believe that apparent violations of Section 313 of the Emergency Planning and Community Right-to-Know Act (EPCRA), which requires annual reports to be submitted with respect to the use of

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certain toxic chemicals, have occurred at all of the phosphoric acid facilities operated by these manufacturers. The letter also states that the DOJ and the EPA believe that most of these facilities have violated Section 304 of EPCRA and Section 103 of the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act (CERCLA) by failing to provide required notifications relating to the release of hydrogen fluoride from these facilities. The letter did not specifically identify alleged violations at our Plant City, Florida complex or assert a claim for a specific amount of penalties. The EPA submitted an information request to the Company on February 11, 2009, as a follow-up to the July 2008 letter. The Company provided information in response to the agency's inquiry on May 14 and May 29, 2009.

        By letter dated July 6, 2010, the EPA issued a NOV to the Company alleging violations of EPCRA and CERCLA. The Company had an initial meeting with the EPA to discuss these alleged violations. The Company does not know at this time if it will settle this matter prior to initiation of formal legal action.

        We do not expect that penalties or fines, if any, that may arise out of the EPCRA/CERCLA matter will have a material impact on the Company's financial position, results of operations or cash flows.

Federal and State Numeric Nutrient Criteria Regulation

        For information on the Company's challenge to the EPA's regulation establishing numeric nutrient criteria for Florida waters, see Business—Environmental, Health and Safety and Note 29—Contingencies.

CERCLA/Remediation Matters

        For information on pending proceedings relating to environmental remediation matters, see Business—Environmental, Health and Safety and Note 29—Contingencies.

ITEM 4.    MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES

        The information concerning mine safety violations or other regulatory matters required by Section 1503(a) of the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act and Item 104 of Regulation S-K is included in Exhibit 95 to the annual report.

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PART II

ITEM 5.    MARKET FOR REGISTRANT'S COMMON EQUITY, RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS AND ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES.

        Our common stock is traded on the New York Stock Exchange, Inc. (NYSE) under the symbol "CF". Quarterly high and low sales prices, as reported by the NYSE, are provided below:

        As of February 13, 2013, there were 934 stockholders of record.

ITEM 6.    SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA.

        The following selected historical financial data as of December 31, 2012 and 2011 and for the years ended December 31, 2012, 2011 and 2010 have been derived from our audited consolidated financial statements and related notes included elsewhere in this document. The following selected historical financial data as of December 31, 2010, 2009 and 2008 and for the years ended December 31, 2009 and 2008 have been derived from our consolidated financial statements, which are not included in this document. Since April 2010, the results of Terra have been included in our consolidated financial statements.

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        The selected historical financial data should be read in conjunction with the information contained in Item 7. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations and Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data.

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ITEM 7.    MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS.

        You should read the following discussion and analysis in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and related notes included in Item 8, Financial Statements and Supplementary Data. All references to "CF Holdings," "we," "us" and "our" refer to CF Industries Holdings, Inc. and its subsidiaries, including CF Industries, Inc. except where the context makes clear that the reference is only to CF Holdings itself and not its subsidiaries. Footnotes referenced in this discussion and analysis refer to the notes to consolidated financial statements that are found in the following section: Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data, Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements. The following is an outline of the discussion and analysis included herein:

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Overview of CF Holdings

•

Our Company

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Items Affecting Comparability of Results

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Financial Executive Summary

•

Key Industry Factors

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Factors Affecting Our Results

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Results of Consolidated Operations

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Year Ended December 31, 2012 Compared to Year Ended December 31, 2011

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Year Ended December 31, 2011 Compared to Year Ended December 31, 2010

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Operating Results by Business Segment

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Liquidity and Capital Resources

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Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

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Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

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Recent Accounting Pronouncements

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Discussion of Seasonality Impacts on Operations

Overview of CF Holdings

Our Company

        We are one of the largest manufacturers and distributors of nitrogen and phosphate fertilizer products in the world. Our operations are organized into two business segments—the nitrogen segment and the phosphate segment. Our principal customers are cooperatives and independent fertilizer distributors. Our principal fertilizer products in the nitrogen segment are ammonia, granular urea, urea ammonium nitrate solution, or UAN, and ammonium nitrate, or AN. Our other nitrogen products include urea liquor, diesel exhaust fluid, or DEF, and aqua ammonia, which are sold primarily to our industrial customers. Our principal fertilizer products in the phosphate segment are diammonium phosphate, or DAP, and monoammonium phosphate, or MAP.

        Our core market and distribution facilities are concentrated in the midwestern United States and other major agricultural areas of the U.S. and Canada. We also export nitrogen fertilizer products from our Donaldsonville, Louisiana manufacturing facilities and phosphate fertilizer products from our Florida phosphate operations through our Tampa port facility.

        Our principal assets include:

•

five nitrogen fertilizer manufacturing facilities in Donaldsonville, Louisiana (the largest nitrogen fertilizer complex in North America), Port Neal, Iowa, Courtright, Ontario, Yazoo City, Mississippi and Woodward, Oklahoma;

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•

a 75.3% interest in Terra Nitrogen Company, L.P. (TNCLP), a publicly traded limited partnership of which we are the sole general partner and the majority limited partner and which, through its subsidiary Terra Nitrogen, Limited Partnership (TNLP), operates a nitrogen fertilizer manufacturing facility in Verdigris, Oklahoma;



•

a 66% economic interest in the largest nitrogen fertilizer complex in Canada (which we operate in Medicine Hat, Alberta through Canadian Fertilizers Limited (CFL), a consolidated variable interest entity);



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one of the largest integrated ammonium phosphate fertilizer complexes in the United States in Plant City, Florida;



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the most-recently constructed phosphate rock mine and associated beneficiation plant in the United States in Hardee County, Florida;



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an extensive system of terminals and associated transportation equipment located primarily in the midwestern United States; and



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joint venture investments that we account for under the equity method, which consist of:



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a 50% interest in GrowHow UK Limited (GrowHow), a nitrogen products production joint venture located in the United Kingdom and serving primarily the British agricultural and industrial markets;



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a 50% interest in Point Lisas Nitrogen Limited (PLNL), an ammonia production joint venture located in the Republic of Trinidad and Tobago; and



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a 50% interest in KEYTRADE AG (Keytrade), a global fertilizer trading company headquartered near Zurich, Switzerland.

Items Affecting Comparability of Results

CFL Selling Price Modification

        CF Industries currently owns 49% of the voting common shares and 66% of the non-voting preferred shares of Canadian Fertilizers Limited (CFL), an Alberta, Canada-based nitrogen fertilizer manufacturer, and purchases 66% of the production of CFL pursuant to a product purchase agreement between CF Industries and CFL. Viterra, Inc. (Viterra) holds 34% of CFL's voting common shares and non-voting preferred shares and purchases the remaining 34% of CFL's production pursuant to a product purchase agreement between Viterra and CFL. CFL is a variable interest entity that is consolidated in our financial statements. As a result, the net sales, the resulting earnings and the noncontrolling interest expense from the 34% of CFL's sales that are made to Viterra are included in our consolidated financial results. There is no net impact of these CFL sales to Viterra on our net earnings attributable to common stockholders since the net earnings from the 34% of CFL's sales that are made to Viterra are included in our earnings attributable to the noncontrolling interest. There is also no impact on our net cash flows since profits from the sales to Viterra are paid to Viterra as part of the distribution payable to the noncontrolling interest. The net sales from CFL to Viterra do impact our consolidated net sales, gross margin, operating earnings, and earnings before income taxes.

        Under the provisions of CFL's respective product purchase agreements with CF Industries and Viterra in effect until the fourth quarter of 2012, CFL's selling prices were based on market prices. An initial portion of the selling price was paid based upon production cost plus an agreed-upon margin once title passed as the product was shipped. The remaining portion of the selling price, representing the difference between the market price and production cost plus an agreed-upon margin, was paid

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after the end of the year. The sales revenue attributable to this remaining portion of the selling price was accrued on an interim basis. On our consolidated financial statements, the net sales and accounts receivable attributable to CFL are generated solely by CFL's transactions with Viterra, as CFL's transactions with CF Industries are eliminated in consolidation.

        In the fourth quarter of 2012, the CFL Board of Directors approved an amendment to each of the respective product purchase agreements of CF Industries and Viterra with CFL. The amendments modified the selling prices that CFL charges for products sold to CF Industries and Viterra. The modified selling prices are based on production cost plus an agreed-upon margin and are effective retroactively to January 1, 2012. As a result of the January 1, 2012 effective date of the amendment, we recognized in our fourth quarter 2012 consolidated statement of operations a reduction in net sales revenue from Viterra of $129.7 million and a corresponding reduction in net earnings attributable to the noncontrolling interest to reverse the interim market price accruals recognized in the first three quarters of 2012. These items had no impact on our net earnings attributable to common stockholders, but they did reduce each of our consolidated net sales, gross margin, operating earnings, earnings before income taxes and net earnings attributable to the noncontrolling interest by $129.7 million in the fourth quarter. The selling price modification also had no impact on our net cash flows, as the selling price modification was entirely offset by a change in distributions payable to the noncontrolling interest.

        The CFL selling price modification effective retroactively to January 1, 2012 affected the comparability between the 2012 and 2011 results for certain line items in our financial statements. To provide comparable information for those periods, we have included in this Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations certain financial information on an as adjusted basis as if all CFL sales to Viterra had been priced based on the modified pricing calculation methodology (production cost plus an agreed-upon margin) beginning January 1, 2011. Such information includes net sales, gross margin, net earnings attributable to the noncontrolling interest, nitrogen net sales, nitrogen gross margin, nitrogen gross margin as a percentage of nitrogen net sales, and average selling prices per ton of ammonia and urea. Tables highlighting these modifications can be found in the discussion of the results of consolidated operations and in the operating results for the nitrogen segment, in each case under the heading "Impact of CFL Selling Price Modifications." Financial results provided on an "as adjusted" basis in this Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations refer to the items in those tables.

        We report our financial results in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP). Management believes that the presentation in this report of net sales, gross margin, net earnings attributable to the noncontrolling interest, nitrogen net sales, nitrogen gross margin, nitrogen gross margin as a percentage of nitrogen net sales, and average selling prices per ton of ammonia and urea on an as adjusted basis as if all CFL sales to Viterra had been priced based on the modified pricing calculation methodology (production cost plus an agreed-upon margin) beginning January 1, 2011, and the presentation of period-to-period percentage changes in those adjusted items, all of which adjusted items and percentage changes are non-GAAP financial measures, provides investors with additional meaningful information to assess period-to-period changes in our underlying operating performance. These non-GAAP financial measures are provided only for the purpose of facilitating comparisons between our 2012 and 2011 full-year operating performance and do not purport to represent what our actual consolidated results of operations would have been had the amendment to the CFL product purchase agreements been in effect beginning on January 1, 2011, nor are they necessarily indicative of our future consolidated results of operations. Non-GAAP financial measures should be viewed in addition to, and not as an alternative for, our reported results prepared in accordance with GAAP.

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Terra Industries Inc. (Terra) Acquisition

        In April 2010, we completed the acquisition and merger of Terra, a leading North American producer and marketer of nitrogen fertilizer products, for a purchase price of $4.6 billion. Terra's financial results have been included in our consolidated financial results and in the nitrogen segment results since the acquisition date of April 5, 2010. Therefore, Terra's financial results are not included in the consolidated financial results for the first quarter of 2010. Further information regarding the acquisition of Terra, including the related issuance of long-term debt and the public offering of common shares of CF Holdings can be found in Notes 12 and 26 to our consolidated financial statements included in Part II of this report and in the section titled "Acquisition of Terra" later in this discussion and analysis.

Financial Executive Summary

•

We reported net earnings attributable to common stockholders of $1.8 billion in 2012 compared to net earnings of $1.5 billion in 2011. Our 2012 results included a $74.6 million pre-tax unrealized net mark-to-market gain ($46.2 million after tax) on natural gas and foreign currency derivatives, a $15.2 million charge ($9.4 million after tax) for the accelerated amortization of deferred loan fees associated with the termination of our former senior secured credit agreement (the 2010 Credit Agreement) which was replaced by a new unsecured credit agreement dated May 1, 2012 (the 2012 Credit Agreement) and a $10.9 million pre-tax curtailment gain ($6.8 million after tax) from a reduction in certain retiree medical benefits.



•

Diluted net earnings per share attributable to common stockholders increased to $28.59 in 2012 from $21.98 in 2011 due to higher net earnings and lower average number of outstanding common shares due to our share repurchase program.



•

Net earnings attributable to common stockholders of $1.5 billion in 2011 included a $77.3 million pre-tax unrealized net mark-to-market loss ($48.0 million after tax) on natural gas derivatives, a $34.8 million pre-tax ($21.6 million after tax) non-cash impairment charge related to our former Woodward, Oklahoma methanol plant, a $32.5 million ($20.0 million after tax) gain on the sale of four dry product warehouses, $19.9 million ($12.3 million after tax) of accelerated amortization of debt issuance costs recognized upon repayment of the remaining balance of the senior secured term loan in the first quarter of 2011, $4.4 million ($2.7 million after tax) of restructuring and integration costs associated with the acquisition of Terra and a $2.0 million ($1.3 million after tax) gain on the sale of a non-core transportation business.



•

Our gross margin increased $217.7 million, or 8%, to $3.1 billion in 2012 from $2.9 billion in 2011 due primarily to an increase in the nitrogen segment, partially offset by a decline in the phosphate segment. The increase in gross margin is impacted by the modification of the CFL selling prices described above. On an as adjusted basis, the gross margin increase was 13%.

In the nitrogen segment, gross margin increased by $350.4 million, or 14%, driven by higher average selling prices, unrealized mark-to-market gains on natural gas derivatives in the current year compared to unrealized losses in the prior year and lower realized natural gas costs. On an as adjusted basis, the gross margin of the nitrogen segment increased 20%. The favorable nitrogen segment results were partially offset by a $132.7 million, or 40%, decrease in the phosphate segment gross margin, driven primarily by lower average selling prices.

•

Our net sales were approximately $6.1 billion in both 2012 and 2011. Slightly higher nitrogen segment sales were essentially offset by lower phosphate segment sales. In the nitrogen segment, net sales increased by 2% as higher average selling prices for ammonia and urea and higher

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ammonia sales volume were partially offset by lower average UAN selling prices and sales volume. The comparability of nitrogen segment net sales is impacted by the 2012 modification of CFL selling prices. On an as adjusted basis, net sales in the nitrogen segment increased 5%. In the phosphate segment, net sales declined by 7% as higher sales volume was more than offset by a 12% decline in average selling prices.

•

Cash flow from operations was $2.4 billion in 2012. The $296.7 million, or 14% increase compared to 2011 was due mainly to additional cash generated by higher net earnings and an increase in customer advances.



•

We paid cash dividends of $102.7 million and $68.7 million in 2012 and 2011, respectively. The increase is due to an increase in the quarterly dividend to $0.40 per common share from $0.10 per common share which started in the third quarter of 2011, partially offset by a reduction in the number of outstanding shares.



•

On August 2, 2012, we entered into a definitive agreement with Glencore International plc (Glencore) to acquire the interests in CFL currently owned by Viterra for total cash consideration of C$0.9 billion subject to certain adjustments. In October 2012, we entered into an agreement with each of GROWMARK, Inc. (GROWMARK) and La Coop fédérée to acquire the CFL common shares held by them. When the transactions are completed we will own 100% of CFL and will be entitled to purchase 100% of CFL's ammonia and urea production. The completion of the transactions is subject to the receipt of regulatory approvals in Canada, and other terms and conditions in the definitive purchase agreements. CFL's results are currently included in our financial statements as a consolidated variable interest entity.



•

On November 1, 2012, we announced plans to construct new ammonia and urea/UAN plants at our complex in Donaldsonville, Louisiana, and new ammonia and urea plants at our complex in Port Neal, Iowa. Our Board of Directors authorized expenditures of $3.8 billion for the projects. These projects will increase our production capacity, increase our product mix flexibility at Donaldsonville, improve our ability to serve upper-Midwest urea customers from our cost-advantaged Port Neal location, and allow us to benefit from the global cost advantage of North American natural gas. All of the new facilities are scheduled to be on-stream by 2016. We expect to finance the capital expenditures through the use of cash and cash equivalents, cash generated from operations and borrowings.

Significant Items

2012

        Robust demand in 2012 for nitrogen fertilizer products was due to favorable application conditions in both the spring and the fall, near record corn acreage planted in 2012 and expectations of a similar level of acreage to be planted in 2013. High actual and expected planting levels were driven by record crop prices that resulted in record farm income. These market conditions led to higher average selling prices in the nitrogen segment in 2012 that, combined with lower natural gas costs, resulted in record profitability. Average selling prices in our phosphate segment were down due to lower demand from India and additional production capacity, notably from Saudi Arabia. Consolidated net sales of $6.1 billion in 2012 approximated the same level realized in 2011 as increases in the nitrogen segment, due primarily to the higher average selling prices, were offset by decreases in the phosphate segment due primarily to lower average selling prices. In 2012, average nitrogen fertilizer selling prices increased by 2%, but average phosphate fertilizer selling prices decreased by 12%. Gross margin increased by $217.7 million, or 8%, to $3.1 billion in 2012 from $2.9 billion in 2011. Nitrogen segment sales to Viterra were made on a cost-plus basis in 2012, in contrast to the market-price basis that applied in

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2011 and prior years, a difference that impacts the comparability of net sales and certain other items between 2012 and prior periods and is discussed above under the heading "Items Affecting Comparability of Results—CFL Selling Price Modification." The 2012 results include $74.6 million ($46.2 million after tax) unrealized net mark-to-market gains on natural gas and foreign currency derivatives, a $15.2 million pre-tax charge ($9.4 million after tax) for the accelerated amortization of deferred fees on the 2010 Credit Agreement that we replaced in May 2012 and a $10.9 million pre-tax curtailment gain ($6.8 million after tax) from a reduction in certain retiree medical benefits.

2011

        In 2011, average selling prices increased due primarily to higher demand for fertilizer for the following reasons: higher planted acres in the spring season due to strong demand for corn and other grains which supported favorable farm economics; global fertilizer supply constraints resulting from both export restrictions and production curtailments affecting certain foreign fertilizer producers; and an expected high level of planted acres and fertilizer usage in the 2012 growing season. Higher average selling prices and sales volumes due to increased demand led to robust operating results in 2011. Consolidated net sales in 2011 increased by $2.1 billion, or 54%, to $6.1 billion, with increases due primarily to higher average selling prices in both the nitrogen and phosphate segments and higher sales volume due primarily to the impact of the Terra acquisition. In 2011, average nitrogen and phosphate fertilizer selling prices increased by 38% and 36%, respectively. Gross margin increased by $1.7 billion, or 146%, to $2.9 billion in 2011 from $1.2 billion in 2010. The 2011 results include a $77.3 million ($48.0 million after tax) unrealized net mark-to-market loss on natural gas derivatives. Results in 2011 also include $145.5 million of net interest expense ($90.2 million after tax), a $34.8 million pre-tax ($21.6 million after tax) non-cash impairment charge related to our Woodward, Oklahoma methanol plant and a $32.5 million ($20.0 million after tax) gain on the sale of four dry product warehouses.

2010

        In April 2010, we completed the $4.6 billion acquisition of Terra and it became an indirect wholly owned subsidiary of CF Holdings. This acquisition made us a global leader in the nitrogen fertilizer industry, diversified our asset base and increased our geographic reach and operational efficiency, as well as significantly increased our scale and capital market presence. The financial results of the Terra business are included in the consolidated results subsequent to the acquisition date. Consolidated net sales in 2010 were $4.0 billion, up 52%, as compared to $2.6 billion in 2009 due to the impact of the Terra acquisition, optimal weather conditions during both fertilizer application seasons, and a favorable fertilizer environment due to strong farm economics. While average nitrogen fertilizer selling prices declined by 11% in 2010, average phosphate fertilizer prices increased by 28%. Gross margin increased by $340.1 million, or 41%, in 2010 to $1,179.5 million. The 2010 results include a $9.6 million ($5.9 million after tax) unrealized net mark-to-market gain on natural gas derivatives. Results in 2010 also include $219.8 million of net interest expense ($136.1 million after tax), $150.4 million ($148.8 million after tax) of business combination expenses and Peru project costs, a $28.3 million gain ($17.5 million after tax) on the sale of Terra common stock acquired during 2009, and $21.6 million ($13.4 million after tax) of restructuring and integration costs associated with the acquisition of Terra.

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Key Industry Factors

        We operate in a highly competitive, global industry. Our agricultural products are globally-traded commodities and, as a result, we compete principally on the basis of delivered price and to a lesser extent on customer service and product quality. Moreover, our operating results are influenced by a broad range of factors, including those outlined below.

Global Supply & Demand

        Historically, global fertilizer demand has been driven primarily by population growth, changes in dietary habits and planted acreage and application rates, among other things. We expect these key variables to continue to have major impacts on long-term fertilizer demand for the foreseeable future. Short-term fertilizer demand depends on global economic conditions, weather patterns, the level of global grain stocks relative to consumption, federal regulations, including requirements mandating increased use of bio-fuels and farm sector income. Other geopolitical factors like temporary disruptions in fertilizer trade related to government intervention or changes in the buying/selling patterns of key consuming/exporting countries such as China, India and Brazil, among others, often play a major role in shaping near-term market fundamentals. The economics of fertilizer manufacturing play a key role in decisions to increase or reduce production capacity. Supply of fertilizers is generally driven by available capacity and operating rates, raw material costs, availability of raw materials, government policies and global trade.

Natural Gas Prices

        Natural gas is the principal raw material used to produce nitrogen fertilizers. We use natural gas both as a chemical feedstock and as a fuel to produce ammonia, granular urea, UAN and AN. Because most of our nitrogen fertilizer manufacturing facilities are located in the United States and Canada, the price of natural gas in North America directly impacts a substantial portion of our operating expenses. Due to increases in natural gas production resulting from the rise in production from shale gas formations, natural gas prices in North America have declined over the last three years. During the three year period ended December 31, 2012, the average daily closing price at the Henry Hub reached a high of $7.51 per MMBtu on January 8, 2010 and a low of $1.84 per MMBtu on April 20, 2012. Expenditures on natural gas, including realized gains and losses, comprised approximately 39% of the total cost of sales for our nitrogen fertilizer products in 2012 down from 45% in 2011. Natural gas costs represented a higher percentage of cash production costs (total production costs less depreciation and amortization).

Farmers' Economics

        The demand for fertilizer is affected by the aggregate crop planting decisions and fertilizer application rate decisions of individual farmers. Individual farmers make planting decisions based largely on prospective profitability of a harvest, while the specific varieties and amounts of fertilizer they apply depend on factors like their current liquidity, soil conditions, weather patterns and the types of crops planted.

Global Trade in Fertilizer

        In addition to the relationship between global supply and demand, profitability within a particular geographic region is determined by the supply/demand balance within that region. Regional supply and demand can be influenced significantly by factors affecting trade within regions. Some of these factors include the relative cost to produce and deliver product, relative currency values, the availability of

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credit and governmental policies affecting trade and other matters. The development of natural gas reserves in North America over the last few years has decreased natural gas costs relative to the rest of the world, making North American nitrogen fertilizer producers more competitive. These lower natural gas costs contributed to announcements of several nitrogen fertilizer capacity expansion projects in North America. Changes in currency values may also alter our cost competitiveness relative to producers in other regions of the world.

        Imports account for a significant portion of the nitrogen fertilizer consumed in North America. Producers of nitrogen based fertilizers located in the Middle East, the Ukraine, the Republic of Trinidad and Tobago, Venezuela, North Africa and China are major exporters to North America.

        The domestic phosphate industry is tied to the global market through its position as the world's largest exporter of DAP/MAP. Consequently, phosphate fertilizer prices and demand for U.S. DAP/MAP are subject to considerable volatility and dependent on a wide variety of factors impacting the world market, including fertilizer and trade policies of foreign governments, changes in ocean bound freight rates and international currency fluctuations.

Political and Social Government Policies

        The political and social policies of governments around the world can result in restrictions on imports and exports, the subsidization of natural gas prices, the subsidization of domestic producers and the subsidization of exports. Due to the critical role that fertilizers play in food production, the construction and operation of fertilizer plants often are influenced by these political and social objectives.

Factors Affecting Our Results

        Net Sales.    Our net sales are derived primarily from the sale of nitrogen and phosphate fertilizers and are determined by the quantities of fertilizers we sell and the selling prices we realize. The volumes, mix and selling prices we realize are determined to a great extent by a combination of global and regional supply and demand factors. Net sales also include shipping and handling costs that are billed to our customers. Sales incentives are reported as a reduction in net sales.

        Cost of Sales.    Our cost of sales includes manufacturing costs, purchased product costs, and distribution costs. Manufacturing costs, the most significant element of cost of sales, consist primarily of raw materials, realized and unrealized gains and losses on natural gas derivative instruments, maintenance, direct labor, depreciation and other plant overhead expenses. Purchased product costs primarily include the cost to purchase nitrogen and phosphate fertilizers to augment or replace production at our facilities. Distribution costs include the cost of freight required to transport finished products from our plants to our distribution facilities and storage costs incurred prior to final shipment to customers.

        We offer our customers the opportunity to purchase product on a forward basis at prices and on delivery dates we propose. As our customers enter into forward nitrogen fertilizer purchase contracts with us, we use derivative instruments to reduce our exposure to changes in the cost of natural gas, the largest and most volatile component of our manufacturing cost. We report our natural gas derivatives on the balance sheet at their fair value. Changes in the fair value of these derivatives are recorded in cost of sales as the changes occur. See "Forward Sales and Customer Advances" later in this discussion and analysis. As a result of fixing the selling prices of our products, often months in advance of their ultimate delivery to customers, our reported selling prices and margins may differ from market spot prices and margins available at the time of shipment. Volatility in quarterly reported earnings also may arise from the unrealized mark-to-market adjustments in the value of derivatives.

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        Selling, General and Administrative Expenses.    Our selling, general and administrative expenses consist primarily of corporate office expenses such as salaries and other payroll-related costs for our executive, administrative, legal, financial and marketing functions, as well as certain taxes and insurance and other professional service fees.

        Restructuring and Integration Costs.    Restructuring and integration costs consist of expenses associated with the integration of the operations of Terra and CF Industries.

        Other Operating—Net.    Other operating—net includes the costs associated with engineering studies for proposed capital projects and other costs that do not relate directly to our central operations. Costs included in "other costs" can include foreign exchange gains and losses, unrealized gains and losses on foreign currency derivatives, costs associated with our closed facilities, amounts recorded for environmental remediation for other areas of our business, litigation expenses and gains and losses on the disposal of fixed assets. In 2010, other operating-net also included business combination related expenses and Peru project development costs. The business combination related expenses were associated with our acquisition of Terra and costs associated with responding to Agrium's proposed acquisition of CF Holdings. See Note 12 to our consolidated financial statements for additional information on activity related to our acquisition of Terra.

        Equity in Earnings of Operating Affiliates.    We have investments accounted for under the equity method for which the results are included in our operating earnings. These consist of the following: (1) 50% ownership interest in PLNL and (2) 50% interest in an ammonia storage joint venture located in Houston, Texas. We include our share of the net earnings from these investments as an element of earnings from operations because these investments provide additional production and storage capacity to our operations and are integrated with our other supply chain and sales activities in the nitrogen segment. Our share of the net earnings includes the amortization of certain tangible and intangible assets identified as part of the application of purchase accounting at acquisition.

        Interest Expense.    Our interest expense includes the interest on our long-term debt and notes payable, amortization of the related fees required to execute financing agreements and annual fees on our senior revolving credit facility. It excludes capitalized interest relating to the construction of major capital projects.

        Interest Income.    Our interest income represents amounts earned on our cash, cash equivalents, investments and advances to unconsolidated affiliates.

        Income Tax Provision.    Our income tax provision includes all currently payable and deferred United States and foreign income tax expense applicable to our ongoing operations.

        Income taxes are accounted for under the asset and liability method. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those differences are projected to be recovered or settled. Realization of deferred tax assets is dependent on our ability to generate sufficient taxable income, of an appropriate character, in future periods. A valuation allowance is established if it is determined to be more likely than not that a deferred tax asset will not be realized. Interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits are reported as interest expense and income tax expense, respectively.

        In connection with our initial public offering (IPO) in August 2005, CF Industries, Inc. (CFI) ceased to be a non-exempt cooperative for income tax purposes, and we entered into a net operating loss agreement (NOL Agreement) with CFI's pre-IPO owners relating to the future utilization of our pre-IPO net operating loss carryforwards (NOLs). The NOL Agreement provided that if we ultimately could utilize the pre-IPO NOLs to offset applicable post-IPO taxable income, we would pay our

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pre-IPO owners amounts equal to the resulting federal and state income taxes actually saved. On January 2, 2013, we and the pre-IPO owners amended the NOL Agreement to provide, among other things, that we are entitled to retain 26.9% of any settlement realized with the United States Internal Revenue Service (IRS) at the IRS Appeals level. In January 2013, we entered into a Mediation Report with the IRS to resolve the tax treatment of the pre-IPO NOLs. Pursuant to the Mediation Report, we have agreed with the IRS that we will be entitled to deduct a portion of the NOLs in future years. Our mediation agreement is subject to finalization in a Closing Agreement with the IRS and will be recognized in our financial statements at that time. Under the terms of the amended NOL agreement, 73.1% of the federal and state tax savings will be payable to our pre-IPO owners.

        Equity in Earnings of Non-Operating Affiliates—Net of Taxes.    Equity in earnings of non-operating affiliates—net of taxes represents our share of the net earnings of the entities in which we have an ownership interest and exert significant operational and financial influence. Income taxes related to these investments, if any, are reflected in this line. The amounts recorded as equity in earnings of non-operating affiliates—net of taxes relate to our investments in GrowHow and Keytrade. Our share of the net earnings includes the amortization of certain tangible and intangible assets identified as part of the application of purchase accounting at acquisition. We account for these investments as non-operating equity method investments, and exclude the net earnings of these investments in earnings from operations since these operations do not provide additional production capacity to us, nor are these operations integrated within our supply chain.

        Net Earnings Attributable to the Noncontrolling Interest.    Amounts reported as net earnings attributable to the noncontrolling interest represent the 34% interest in the net operating results of CFL and the 24.7% interest in the net operating results of TNCLP, a master limited partnership that owns the nitrogen manufacturing facility in Verdigris, Oklahoma.

        We own 49% of the voting common stock of CFL and 66% of CFL's non-voting preferred stock. Viterra Inc. (Viterra) owns 34% of the voting common stock and non-voting preferred stock of CFL.

        The remaining 17% of the voting common stock of CFL is owned by GROWMARK and La Coop fédérée. We operate CFL's Medicine Hat facility and purchase approximately 66% of the facility's ammonia and urea production, pursuant to a management agreement and a product purchase agreement. Both the management agreement and the product purchase agreement can be terminated by either us or CFL upon a twelve-month notice. Viterra has the right, but not the obligation, to purchase the remaining 34% of the facility's ammonia and urea production under a similar product purchase agreement. To the extent that Viterra does not purchase its 34% of the facility's production, we are obligated to purchase any remaining amounts. Since 1995, however, Viterra or its predecessor has purchased at least 34% of the facility's production each year. The product purchase agreement also provides that CFL will distribute its net earnings to us and Viterra annually based on the respective quantities of product purchased from CFL. See our previous discussion on the CFL selling price modification.

        On August 2, 2012, we entered into a definitive agreement with Glencore to acquire the interests in CFL currently owned by Viterra for total cash consideration of C$0.9 billion subject to certain adjustments. In October 2012, we entered into an agreement with each of GROWMARK and La Coop fédérée to acquire the CFL common shares held by them. When these transactions are completed we will own 100% of CFL and will be entitled to purchase 100% of CFL's ammonia and urea production. The completion of the transactions is subject to the receipt of regulatory approvals in Canada, and other terms and conditions in the definitive purchase agreements. CFL's results are currently included in our financial statements as a consolidated variable interest entity. See Note 4 to our consolidated financial statements for additional information on CFL.

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CF INDUSTRIES HOLDINGS, INC.

        Through the acquisition of Terra in April 2010, we own an aggregate 75.3% of TNCLP and outside investors own the remaining 24.7%. The TNCLP Agreement of Limited Partnership allows the General Partner to receive Incentive Distribution Rights once a minimum threshold has been met. Partnership interests in TNCLP are traded on the NYSE and TNCLP is separately registered with the SEC.

Results of Consolidated Operations

        The following tables present our consolidated results of operations: